,WOM5'S ,DAY 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ALEX&RA ,KOLLONTAI 

,TEXT 3 

,S\RCE3 ,ALEX&RA ,KOLLONTAI3 ,SELECT$ ,>TICLES & ,SPEE*ES1 ,PROGRESS ,PUBLI%]S1 #a#i#h#d2 
,FIR/ ,PUBLI%$3 ,PRAVDA1 ,NO4 #d7#b#d#d71 #ag ,FEBRU>Y1 #a#i#a#c1 ,/ ,PET]SBURG2 
,TRANSCRIB$3 ,SALLY ,RYAN = M>XI/S4ORG1 #b2 
,PRO($3 & CORRECT$ BY ,*RIS ,CLAYTON #b#f4 

,! >TICLE ',WOM5'S ,DAY' BY ,ALEX&RA ,KOLLONTAI WAS PUBLI%$ 9 ! NEWSPAP] ,PRAVDA ONE WEEK BE=E ! FIR/-EV] CELEBRATION 9 ,RUSSIA ( ! ,DAY ( ,9T]NATIONAL ,SOLID>ITY AMONG ! ,FEMALE ,PROLET>IAT ON #bc ,FEBRU>Y 7#h ,M>*71 #a#i#a#c4 ,9 ,/ ,PET]SBURG ?IS DAY WAS M>K$ BY A CALL = A CAMPAIGN AGA9/ WOM5 WORK]S' LACK ( ECONOMIC & POLITICAL RI<TS1 = ! UNITY ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 & = ! AWAK5+ ( SELF-CONSCI\SNESS AMONG WOM5 WORK]S4 

,:AT IS ',WOM5'S ,DAY'8 ,IS IT REALLY NECESS>Y8 ,IS IT NOT A CONCESSION TO ! WOM5 ( ! B\RGEOIS CLASS1 TO ! FEM9I/S & SUFFRAGETTES8 ,IS IT NOT H>MFUL TO ! UNITY ( ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T8 

,SU* QUE/IONS CAN /ILL BE HE>D 9 ,RUSSIA1 ?\< !Y >E NO LONG] HE>D ABROAD4 ,LIFE ITSELF HAS ALREADY SUPPLI$ A CLE> & ELOQU5T ANSW]4 

',WOM5'S ,DAY' IS A L9K 9 ! LONG1 SOLID *A9 ( ! WOM5'S PROLET>IAN MOVEM5T4 ,! ORGANIZ$ >MY ( WORK+ WOM5 GR[S ) EV]Y YE>4 ,TW5TY YE>S AGO ! TRADE UNIONS CONTA9$ ONLY SMALL GR\PS ( WORK+ WOM5 SCATT]$ H]E & !RE AMONG ! RANKS ( ! WORK]S P>TY444 ,N[ ,5GLI% TRADE UNIONS HAVE OV] #bib ?\S& WOM5 MEMB]S2 9 ,G]MANY >\ND #b ?\S& >E 9 ! TRADE UNION MOVEM5T & #ae ?\S& 9 ! WORK]S P>TY1 & 9 ,AU/RIA !RE >E #dg ?\S& 9 ! TRADE UNIONS & ALMO/ #b ?\S& 9 ! P>TY4 ,EV]Y:]E  -  9 ,ITALY1 ,HUNG>Y1 ,D5M>K1 ,SW$51 ,NORWAY & ,SWITZ]L&  -  ! WOM5 ( ! WORK+ CLASS >E ORGANIZ+ !MSELVES4 ,! WOM5'S SOCIALI/ >MY HAS ALMO/ A MILLION MEMB]S4 ,A P[]FUL =CE6 ,A =CE ?AT ! P[]S ( ?IS WORLD MU/ RECKON ) :5 IT IS A QUE/ION ( ! CO/ ( LIV+1 MAT]NITY 9SURANCE1 *ILD LABOR & LEGISLATION TO PROTECT FEMALE LABOR4 

,!RE WAS A TIME :5 WORK+ M5 ?\<T ?AT !Y ALONE MU/ BE> ON !IR %\LD]S ! BRUNT ( ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ CAPITAL1 ?AT !Y ALONE MU/ DEAL ) ! 'OLD WORLD' )\T ! HELP ( !IR WOM5FOLK4 ,H[EV]1 AS WORK+-CLASS WOM5 5T]$ ! RANKS ( ?OSE :O SELL !IR LABOR1 =C$ ONTO ! LABOR M>KET BY NE$1 BY ! FACT ?AT HUSB& OR FA!R IS UNEMPLOY$1 WORK+ M5 BECAME AW>E ?AT TO LEAVE WOM5 BEH9D 9 ! RANKS ( ! 'NON-CLASS-CONSCI\S' WAS TO DAMAGE !IR CAUSE & HOLD IT BACK4 ,! GREAT] ! NUMB] ( CONSCI\S FI<T]S1 ! 
GREAT] ! *ANCES ( SUCCESS4 ,:AT LEVEL ( CONSCI\SNESS IS POSSESS$ BY A WOMAN :O SITS BY ! /OVE1 :O HAS NO RI<TS 9 SOCIETY1 ! /ATE OR ! FAMILY8 ,%E HAS NO 'IDEAS' ( H] [N6 ,EV]Y?+ IS DONE AS ORD]$ BY ! FA!R OR HUSB&444 

,! BACKW>DNESS & LACK ( RI<TS SUFF]$ BY WOM51 !IR SUBJECTION & 9DIFF]5CE1 >E ( NO B5EFIT TO ! WORK+ CLASS1 & 9DE$ >E DIRECTLY H>MFUL TO IT4 ,BUT H[ IS ! WOMAN WORK] TO BE DRAWN 9TO ! MOVEM5T1 H[ IS %E TO BE AWOK58 

,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRACY ABROAD DID NOT F9D ! CORRECT SOLUTION IMM$IATELY4 ,WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS W]E OP5 TO WOM5 WORK]S1 BUT ONLY A FEW 5T]$4 ,:Y8 ,BECAUSE ! WORK+ CLASS AT FIR/ DID NOT REALIZE ?AT ! WOMAN WORK] IS ! MO/ LEGALLY & SOCIALLY DEPRIV$ MEMB] ( ?AT CLASS1 ?AT %E HAS BE5 BR[BEAT51 9TIMIDAT$1 P]SECUT$ D[N ! C5TURIES1 & ?AT 9 ORD] TO /IMULATE H] M9D & HE>T1 A SPECIAL APPROA* IS NE$$1 WORDS UND]/&ABLE TO H] AS A WOMAN4 ,! WORK]S DID NOT IMM$IATELY APPRECIATE ?AT 9 ?IS WORLD ( LACK ( RI<TS & EXPLOITATION1 ! WOMAN IS OPPRESS$ NOT ONLY AS A SELL] ( H] LABOR1 BUT ALSO AS A MO!R1 AS A WOMAN444 ,H[EV]4 :5 ! WORK]S' SOCIALI/ P>TY UND]/OOD ?IS1 IT BOLDLY TOOK UP ! DEF5SE ( WOM5 ON BO? C\NTS AS A HIR$ WORK] & AS A WOMAN1 A MO!R4 

,SOCIALI/S 9 EV]Y C\NTRY BEGAN TO DEM& SPECIAL PROTECTION = FEMALE LABOR1 9SURANCE = MO!R & *ILD1 POLITICAL RI<TS = WOM5 & ! DEF5SE ( WOM5S 9T]E/S4 

,! MORE CLE>LY ! WORK]S P>TY P]CEIV$ ?IS SECOND OBJECTIVE VIS-A-VIS WOM5 WORK]S1 ! MORE WILL+LY WOM5 JO9$ ! P>TY1 ! MORE !Y APPRECIAT$ ?AT ! P>TY IS !IR TRUE *AMPION1 ?AT ! WORK+ CLASS IS /RUGGL+ ALSO = !IR URG5T & EXCLUSIVELY FEMALE NE$S4 ,WORK+ WOM5 !MSELVES1 ORGANIZ$ & CONSCI\S1 HAVE DONE A GREAT DEAL TO ELUCIDATE ?IS OBJECTIVE4 ,N[ ! MA9 BURD5 ( ! WORK TO ATTRACT MORE WORK+ WOM5 9TO ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T LIES ) ! WOM54 ,! P>TIES 9 EV]Y C\NTRY HAVE !IR [N SPECIAL WOM5'S COMMITTEES1 SECRET>IATS & BUREAUS4 ,!SE WOM5'S COMMITTEES CONDUCT WORK AMONG ! /ILL L>GELY NONPOLITICALLY CONSCI\S FEMALE POPULATION1 >\SE ! CONSCI\SNESS ( WORK+ WOM5 & ORGANIZE !M4 ,!Y ALSO EXAM9E ?OSE QUE/IONS & DEM&S ?AT AFFECT WOM5 MO/ CLOSELY3 PROTECTION & PROVISION = 
EXPECTANT & NURS+ MO!RS1 ! LEGISLATIVE REGULATION ( FEMALE LABOR1 ! CAMPAIGN AGA9/ PRO/ITUTION & 9FANT MORTALITY1 ! DEM& = POLITICAL RI<TS = WOM51 ! IMPROVEM5T ( H\S+1 ! CAMPAIGN AGA9/ ! RIS+ CO/ ( LIV+1 ETC4 

,?US1 AS MEMB]S ( ! P>TY1 WOM5 WORK]S >E FI<T+ = ! COMMON CLASS CAUSE1 :ILE AT ! SAME TIME \TL9+ & PUTT+ =W>D ?OSE NE$S & DEM&S ?AT MO/ NE>LY AFFECT !MSELVES AS WOM51 H\SEWIVES & MO!RS4 ,! P>TY SUPPORTS !SE DEM&S & FI<TS = !M444 ,! REQUIREM5TS ( WORK+ WOM5 >E P>T & P>CEL ( ! COMMON WORK]S' CAUSE6 

,ON ',WOM5'S ,DAY' ! ORGANIZ$ DEMON/RATE AGA9/ !IR LACK ( RI<TS4 

,BUT1 SOME WILL SAY1 :Y ?IS S+L+ \T ( WOM5 WORK]S8 ,:Y SPECIAL ',WOM5'S ,DAYS'1 SPECIAL LEAFLETS = WORK+ WOM51 MEET+S & CONF]5CES ( WORK+-CLASS WOM58 ,IS ?IS NOT1 9 ! F9AL ANALYSIS1 A CONCESSION TO ! FEM9I/S & B\RGEOIS SUFFRAGETTES8 

,ONLY ?OSE :O DO NOT UND]/& ! RADICAL DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! MOVEM5T ( SOCIALI/ WOM5 & B\RGEOIS SUFFRAGETTES CAN ?9K ?IS WAY4 

,:AT IS ! AIM ( ! FEM9I/S8 ,!IR AIM IS TO A*IEVE ! SAME ADVANTAGES1 ! SAME P[]1 ! SAME RI<TS )9 CAPITALI/ SOCIETY AS ?OSE POSSESS$ N[ BY !IR HUSB&S1 FA!RS & BRO!RS4 
,:AT IS ! AIM ( ! WOM5 WORK]S8 ,!IR AIM IS TO ABOLI% ALL PRIVILEGES D]IV+ FROM BIR? OR WEAL?4 ,= ! WOMAN WORK] IT IS A MATT] ( 9DIFF]5CE :O IS ! 'MA/]' A MAN OR A WOMAN4 ,TOGE!R ) ! :OLE ( H] CLASS1 %E CAN EASE H] POSITION AS A WORK]4 

,FEM9I/S DEM& EQUAL RI<TS ALWAYS & EV]Y:]E4 ,WOM5 WORK]S REPLY3 WE DEM& RI<TS = EV]Y CITIZ51 MAN & WOMAN1 BUT WE >E NOT PREP>$ TO =GET ?AT WE >E NOT ONLY WORK]S & CITIZ5S1 BUT ALSO MO!RS6 ,& AS MO!RS1 AS WOM5 :O GIVE BIR? TO ! FUTURE1 WE DEM& SPECIAL CONC]N = \RSELVES & \R *ILDR51 SPECIAL PROTECTION FROM ! /ATE & SOCIETY4 

,! FEM9I/S >E /RIV+ TO ACQUIRE POLITICAL RI<TS4 ,H[EV]1 H]E TOO \R PA?S SEP>ATE4 

,= B\RGEOIS WOM51 POLITICAL RI<TS >E SIMPLY A MEANS ALL[+ !M TO MAKE !IR WAY MORE CONV5I5TLY & MORE SECURELY 9 A WORLD F\ND$ ON ! EXPLOITATION ( ! WORK+ PEOPLE4 ,= WOM5 WORK]S1 POLITICAL RI<TS >E A /EP ALONG ! ROCKY & DIFFICULT PA? ?AT LEADS TO ! DESIR$ K+DOM ( LABOR4 

,! PA?S PURSU$ BY WOM5 WORK]S & B\RGEOIS SUFFRAGETTES HAVE LONG S9CE SEP>AT$4 ,!RE IS TOO GREAT A DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! OBJECTIVES ?AT LIFE HAS PUT BE=E !M4 ,!RE IS TOO GREAT A CONTRADICTION BETWE5 ! 9T]E/S ( ! WOMAN WORK] & ! LADY PROPRIETRESS1 BETWE5 ! S]VANT & H] MI/RESS444 ,!RE >E NOT & CANNOT BE ANY PO9TS ( CONTACT1 CONCILIATION OR CONV]G5CE BETWE5 !M4 ,!RE=E WORK+ M5 %\LD NOT FE> SEP>ATE ,WOM5'S ,DAYS1 NOR SPECIAL CONF]5CES ( WOM5 WORK]S1 NOR !IR SPECIAL PRESS4 

,EV]Y SPECIAL1 DI/9CT =M ( WORK AMONG ! WOM5 ( ! WORK+ CLASS IS SIMPLY A MEANS ( >\S+ ! CONSCI\SNESS ( ! WOMAN WORK] & DRAW+ H] 9TO ! RANKS ( ?OSE FI<T+ = A BETT] FUTURE444 ,WOM5'S ,DAYS & ! SL[1 METICUL\S WORK UND]TAK5 TO >\SE ! SELF-CONSCI\SNESS ( ! WOMAN WORK] >E S]V+ ! CAUSE NOT ( ! DIVISION BUT ( ! UNIFICATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 

,LET A JOY\S S5SE ( S]V+ ! COMMON CLASS CAUSE & ( FI<T+ SIMULTANE\SLY = !IR [N FEMALE EMANCIPATION 9SPIRE WOM5 WORK]S TO JO9 9 ! CELEBRATION ( ,WOM5'S ,DAY4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,M>* #d1 #bba 3 ,WOM5'S ,DAY -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #h1 #bbb 3 ,WOM5'S ,DAY -- ,UPDAT$4 

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