,WI!R$ ,AN>*ISM 

#aiih 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,BOB ,BLACK 

,TEXT 3 

0,! G5]AL LEVEL ( 9SI<T N[ IS MORE $UCAT$1 CURIOSITY IS WIDE AWAKE1 & JUDGM5TS >E MADE MORE QUICKLY ?AN =M]LY2 SO ! FEET ( !M :I* %ALL C>RY !E \T >E ALREADY AT ! DOOR0 -- ,HEGEL.<#a.> 

,! TALE IS TOLD ( ! ,AM]ICAN T\RI/ ABROAD :O1 5C\NT]+ SOME NATIVES :O DIDN'T SPEAK HIS LANGUAGE1 ASSI/$ !IR UND]/&+ BY REPEAT+ HIMSELF 9 A L\D] VOICE4 ,?AT IS ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9'S WAY ) WAYW>D AN>*I/S4 ,9 ,SOCIAL ,AN>*ISM OR ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*ISM3 ,AN ,UNBRIDGEABLE ,*ASM 7#a#i#i#e7.<#b.> ! EX-,DEAN LAID D[N = ALL TIME :AT AN>*I/S >E TO BELIEVE & :AT !Y >E NOT TO BELIEVE1 BUT MANY P]V]SELY P]SI/ 9 ]ROR4 ,ITS V]Y TITLE ANN\NCES ITS DIVISIVE 9T5T4 ,TWO BOOKS.<#c.> & A SLEW ( REVIEWS SUGGE/ AN OV]:ELM+LY ADV]SE AN>*I/ REACTION TO ! EX-,DEAN'S 5CYCLICAL 7AL?\< ,M>XI/S LIKE ,FRANK ,GIR>D & ,KEV9 ,KEAT+_/0,MAX ,ANG]0 >E ( C\RSE APPROV+.<#d.>74 ,= ,BOOK*91 !RE IS ONLY ONE POSSIBLE EXPLANATION = AN>*I/ 9TRANSIG5CE3 !Y DIDN'T HE> HIM ! FIR/ TIME4 ,= :O -- HAV+ HE>D -- C\LD FAIL TO BELIEVE8 ,& SO IT CAME TO PASS -- LIKE W9D -- ?AT ! EX-,DEAN IS REPEAT+ HIMSELF1 L\D] ?AN EV]1 9 ,AN>*ISM1 ,M>XISM1 & ! ,FUTURE ( ! ,LEFT1 ESPECIALLY 9 ! >TICLE 0,:I!R ,AN>*ISM8 ,A ,REPLY TO ,REC5T ,AN>*I/ ,CRITICS40.<#e.> ,BUT IT'S NOT A REPLY1 JU/ A REPLAY4 0,HE ?AT ANSW]E? A MATT] BE=E HE HE>E? IT1 IT IS FOLLY & %AME UNTO HIM0 7,PROV]BS #a#h3#a#c74 

,= ?OSE UNFAMILI> ) ! EX-,DEAN'S DIALECTICAL MODE ( REASON+ -- %AME ON Y\6 -- ! DI/9CTION BETWE5 APPE>ANCE & ESS5CE MU/ BE MADE 9CORRIGIBLY CLE>4 ,?US1 :5 ! EX-,DEAN WRITES ?AT 0IT IS NOT MY 9T5TION TO REPEAT MY EXPOSITION ( ! DIFF]5CES BETWE5 SOCIAL & LIFE/YLE AN>*ISM10 9 APPE>ANCE1 HE IS SAY+ ?AT IT IS NOT HIS 9T5TION TO REPEAT HIS EXPOSITION ( ! DIFF]5CES BETWE5 ,SOCIAL ,AN>*ISM & ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*ISM4 ,BUT UND]/OOD DIALECTICALLY1 9 ESS5CE1 HE IS SAY+ ?AT IT IS HIS 9T5TION TO REPEAT HIS EXPOSITION ( ! DIFF]5CES BETWE5 ,SOCIAL ,AN>*ISM & ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*ISM4 ,& ?AT IS EXACTLY :AT1 & ALL ?AT1 HE PROCE$S TO DO1 :I* VALIDATES ! ME?OD4 

,GETT+ ,P]SONAL7I/IC7 

,MY BOOK ,AN>*Y AFT] ,LEFTISM1 ACCORD+ TO ! EX-,DEAN1 TEEMS ) FALSEHOODS SO NUM]\S 0?AT TO CORRECT EV5 A SMALL NUMB] ( !M W\LD BE A WA/E ( ! READ]'S TIME40 ,A,A,L IS 0TRANSP>5TLY MOTIVAT$ BY A :ITE-HOT ANIMOSITY T[>D .<HIM.>10 9 />K CONTRA/ TO ,S,A,L,A1 :I* IS TRANSP>5TLY MOTIVAT$ BY ,BOOK*9'S [N IMP]SONAL1 DIS9T]E/$ QUE/ = ! TRU?1 ! :OLE1 TRU?1 & NO?+ BUT ! TRU?1 SO HELP HIM ,HI/ORY4 0,SO MALICI\S >E ITS 9VECTIVES .<SIC.>0 ?AT ! EX-,DEAN 0WILL NOT DIGNIFY !M ) A REPLY40 ,EV5 A CURSORY READ+ ( ,S,A,L,A -- MORE ?AN IT M]ITS -- CONFIRMS ?AT ,BOOK*9 HIMSELF IS TOO HI<-M9D$ TO 9DULGE 9 09VECTIVES40 ,NEV] 7EXCEPT ONCE7 DOES HE RELEGATE ,WATSON & O!R AN>*O-PRIMITIVI/S TO 0! LIFE/YLE ZOO10 AN EXPRESSION SO DEMEAN+ & VICI\S ?AT ,I WOND] :Y ,I DIDN'T ?9K ( IT FIR/4 ,NOR DOES HE DESC5D1 AS DOES MY 0GUTT] J\RNALISM10 TO ! 9DISCRIM9ATE1 MALICI\S1 & SELF-CONTRADICTORY \TP\R+ ( SU* 9SULTS AS 0FASCI/10 0DECAD5T10 09DIVIDUALI/10 0MY/ICAL10 0PETIT B\RGEOIS10 09FANTILE10 0UNSAVORY10 0P]SONALI/IC10 0LIB]AL10 0YUPPIE10 0LUMP510 0B\RGEOIS10 0REACTION>Y10 ETC4 ,NEV] DOES ,BOOK*91 :O IS RATIONALITY 9C>NATE1 RESORT TO !SE ABUSIVE EPI!TS1 EXCEPT 7A HUNDR$ TIMES OR SO7 AS OBJECTIVE1 SCI5TIFICALLY VALIDAT$ *>ACT]IZATIONS ( ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*I/S4 ,BOOK*9 IS A H>D ACT TO FOLL[1 EXCEPT ) A POOP]-SCOOP]4 

,S9CE ! EX-,DEANLY DIALECTIC TAKES A LITTLE GETT+ US$ TO1 CONSID] ANO!R EXAMPLE4 ,:5 HE SAYS ?AT HE WILL NOT DIGNIFY ) A REPLY A CRITIQUE FULL ( NUM]\S FALSEHOODS & 09T5SE & P]SONALI/IC .<SIC.> VILIFICATION10 SU* AS M9E1 ! READ] UNLE>N$ 9 DIALECTICS MI<T NAIVELY SUPPOSE ?AT ,BOOK*9 MEANS ?AT HE WILL NOT DIGNIFY ) A REPLY A CRITIQUE FULL ( NUM]\S FALSEHOODS & 9T5SE1 P]SONALI/IC VILIFICATION4 ,?US HE W\LD NEV] DIGNIFY ) A REPLY A BOOK :OSE 0ALMO/ EV]Y P>AGRAPH0 CONTA9S 0VITUP]ATIVE ATTACKS1 MANIC D5UNCIATIONS1 AD HOM9EM *>ACT]IZATIONS1 & EV5 GOSSIPY RUMORS10 NAMELY1 ,DAVID ,WATSON'S ,BEYOND ,BOOK*94 ,& YET HE DOES DIGNIFY 7IF ?AT'S ! WORD = :AT HE DOES7 ,WATSON'S BOOK ) MANY ?\S&S ( TURGID WORDS ( W\LD-BE REBUTTAL4 ,9DE$ 1 0ALMO/ EV]Y P>AGRAPH ( ,B,B IS EI!R AN 9SULT OR A LIE03 EV5 ,I C\LD SC>CELY HAVE SURPASS$ IT 9 DEPRAVITY4 ,ONCE AGA9 ,I ASK1 :AT AM ,I1 *OPP$ LIV]8 7,I WI% ,WATSON'S BOOK WAS EV5 A FRACTION AS MU* FUN AS ,BOOK*9 MAKES IT S\ND4 ,BOOK*9 HAS GIV5 ,WATSON A JACKET BLURB TO DIE =47 ,BUT DESPAIR NOT1 NEOPHYTE DIALECTICIAN4 ,EV5 A TRA9$ PHILOSOPHY PR(ESSOR1 AV[$ DIALECTICIAN1 & 7= ALMO/ TWO DECADES7 9N]-CIRCLE ,BOOK*9 CRONY1 ,JOHN ,P4 ,CL>K1 DOES NOT & -- ,BOOK*9 BELAT$LY RELATES -- NEV] DID UND]/& ,DIALECTICAL ,BOOK*9ISM4 ,) ! POSSIBLE EXCEPTION ( HIS MA9 SQUEEZE ,JANET ,BIEHL1 ONLY ,BOOK*9 IS AS YET A FULLY REALIZ$ REASON+ HUMAN :O HAS MA/]$ ! DIALECTIC &1 DEPLOY+ IT MA/]FULLY1 DIV9ES ! 0DIRECTIONALITY0 ( ! ,UNIV]SE ITSELF4 ,! RE/ ( US >E BE/ ADVIS$ NOT TO PLAY ) FIRE BUT RA!R TO PLAY IT SAFE & SIMPLY BELIEVE :ATEV] ,BOOK*9 TELLS US ?IS WEEK4 

,IF ,I HAD ANY RES]VATIONS AB\T ! WAY ,I RUDELY & RU?LESSLY RIDICUL$ ! ,DEAN 9 ,A,A,L -- ACTUALLY1 ,I DIDN'T -- 0,:I!R ,AN>*ISM80 W\LD HAVE LAID !M TO RE/4 ,9 ,BEYOND ,BOOK*91 ,DAVID ,WATSON RESPOND$ A LOT MORE RESPECTFULLY TO ,BOOK*9 ?AN ,I DID1 & A LOT MORE RESPECTFULLY ?AN ,BOOK*9 EV] RESPONDS TO ANYBODY4 ,A FAT LOT ( GOOD IT DID HIM4 ,! EX-,DEAN DEMONIZ$ ,WATSON 9 ! SAME HY/]ICAL T]MS HE DEMONIZ$ ME1 BUT AT MU* GREAT] L5G?4 ,BOOK*9 ISN'T REMOTELY 9T]E/$ 9 BE+ CIVIL1 REASONABLE OR FAIR4 ,TO ME1 & NOT ONLY TO ME1 ?AT WAS ALREADY OBVI\S FROM ,S,A,L,A4 ,WATSON LET HIMSELF BE PLAY$ = A SUCK]4 ,I CAN'T SAY ,I'M ESPECIALLY SYMPA!TIC1 S9CE ,WATSON AFFECTS A HOLI]-?AN-?\ ATTITUDE ONLY A LITTLE LESS UNCTU\S ?AN ,BOOK*9'S4 ,HE & HIS FELL[ AN>*O-LIB]AL ,FIF? ,E/ATE HIPPIES GAVE ME ! SIL5T TREATM5T LONG BE=E ! EX-,DEAN DID4 

,TO CORRECT EV5 A SMALL NUMB] ( MY ]RORS1 ACCORD+ TO ,BOOK*91 W\LD BE A WA/E ( ! READ]'S TIME1 UNLIKE HIS CORRECTION ( A L>GE NUMB] ( ! ]RORS ( ! MISCREANTS ,WATSON & ,CL>K4 ,! C>P+ CRITIC MI<T COMPLA9 ?AT MAYBE ! READ]1 NOT ! WRIT]1 %\LD GET ! *ANCE TO DECIDE :AT IS1 & :AT ISN'T A WA/E ( ! READ]'S TIME4 ,! NUMB] 0ONE0 IS1 IF ,I REMEMB] MY >I?METIC1 AS SMALL AS A :OLE NUMB] CAN GET1 YET BIG 5\< = ,BOOK*9 TO DRAW 0ONE SAMPLE0 TO 0DEMON/RATE ! OV]ALL DI%ONE/Y ( .<MY.> TRACT40 ,BOOK*91 ! SELF-APPO9T$ *AMPION ( SCI5CE1 DOES NOT EV5 KN[ ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 AN EXAMPLE & A SAMPLE4 ,ONE OBS]VATION IS1 TO A /ATI/ICIAN1 NOT A SAMPLE FROM :I* ANY?+ CAN BE RELIABLY 9F]R$ AB\T EV5 A POPULATION ( TWO1 ANY MORE ?AN A CO9 COM+ UP 0HEADS0 HAS ANY T5D5CY TO 9DICATE :E!R NEXT TIME IT COMES UP HEADS OR TAILS4 

,?AT SOMEONE HAS MADE ONE ]ROR HAS NO T5D5CY TO PROVE ?AT HE HAS MADE 0NUM]\S0 ]RORS4 ,EV5 ,BOOK*9 -- = ! FIR/ TIME1 SO F> AS ,I KN[ -- N[ ADMITS ?AT HE MADE :AT HE CONSID]S ]RORS1 9DE$ S]I\S ]RORS1 9 HIS E>LI]1 POSITIVE *>ACT]IZATIONS ( 0ORGANIC0 7PRIMITIVE7 SOCIETIES4 ,IF ONE ]ROR IS JU/IFICATION 5\< TO DISMISS AN 5TIRE BOOK FROM CONSID]ATION1 !N EV]Y BOOK BY ,BOOK*9 MU/ BE DISMISS$ FROM CONSID]ATION4 ,9 FACT1 PROBABLY EV]Y BOOK BY ANYONE MU/ BE DISMISS$ FROM CONSID]ATION4 ,H[ >E WE EV] TO FUR!R :AT ,BOOK*9 F]V5TLY AV[S -- PROGRESS1 CUMULATIVE IMPROVEM5T 9 UND]/&+ -- )\T MI/AKES TO LE>N FROM8 

,IF MY 5TIRE BOOK-L5G? CRITIQUE IS TO BE DISMISS$ ON ! BASIS ( ONE ]ROR1 IT %\LD BE A PR(\NDLY IMPORTANT ]ROR1 ONE GO+ TO ! FUNDAM5TALS ( ,BOOK*9'S DI*OTOMY1 HIS POSIT$ 0UNBRIDGEABLE *ASM0 BETWE5 ,SOCIAL ,AN>*ISM & ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*ISM1 OR MY MORE MEAN+FUL DI*OTOMY BETWE5 LEFTI/ & PO/-LEFTI/ AN>*ISM4 ,9/EAD1 ?IS D5\NC] ( ! 0P]SONALI/IC0 PREOCCUPATIONS HE ATTRIBUTES TO ! ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*I/S IS1 AS TO ME1 EXCLUSIVELY 9DIGNANT AB\T MY ALLEG$ ]RORS 9 SKET*+ HIS [N P]SONALI/IC POLITICAL BIOGRAPHY1 AS ,I DO 9 *APT] #a ( ,AN>*Y AFT] ,LEFTISM4 ,& EV5 !N1 HIS ONLY SUB/ANTIVE QUIBBLE IS ) MY REF]R+ TO HIM AS 0A 'DEAN' AT ,GODD>D ,COLLEGE 7,A,A,L1 P4 #a#h71 A POSITION ?AT1 .<,BLACK.> W\LD HAVE HIS READ]S BELIEVE1 5D[S ME ) ! V]Y SUB/ANTIAL 9COME ?AT ,I NE$ 9 ORD] TO ADVANCE MY NEF>I\S AMBITIONS10 :]EAS ! TRU? IS ?AT ,BOOK*9 05D$ .<HIS.> PR(ESSIONAL CONNECTIONS ) ,GODD>D ,COLLEGE 7AS WELL AS ,RAMAPO ,COLLEGE1 :I* .<,BLACK.> ALSO M5TIONS7 9 #a#i#h#a40 ,MY CITATION TO ! #aiie ,GODD>D ,COLLEGE ,(F-,CAMPUS ,CATALOG1 0A R>E DOCUM5T10 IS AN 0\TRI<T FABRICATION10 AS ! ,CATALOG DOES NOT ID5TIFY ,BOOK*9 AS A ,DEAN4.<#f.> 

,9DE$ IT DOES NOT4 ,I NEV] SAID IT DID4 ,= ,BOOK*9 TO CLAIM O!RWISE IS AN \TRI<T FABRICATION4 ,?IS IS :AT ,I DID CITE ! ,CATALOG =3 0,! MAT]IAL BASE = !SE SUP]/RUCTURAL EFFUSIONS .<I4E41 ! MANY BOOKS ,BOOK*9 CRANK$ \T 9 ! #a#i#h'S.> WAS ,BOOK*9'S PROVID5TIAL APPO9TM5T AS A ,DEAN AT ,GODD>D ,COLLEGE NE> ,BURL+TON1 ,V]MONT1 A CUDDLE-COLLEGE = HIPPIES &1 MORE REC5TLY1 PUNKS1 ) WEAL?Y P>5TS 7CF4 ,GODD>D ,COLLEGE #aiie .<! ,(F-,CAMPUS ,CATALOG.>74 ,HE ALSO HELD AN APPO9TM5T AT ,RAMAPO ,COLLEGE4 ,BOOK*91 :O SNE]S AT LEFTI/S :O HAVE EMB>K$ UPON 'ALLUR+ UNIV]SITY C>E]S' .<,S,A,L,A1 #f#g.>1 IS ONE ( !M40.<#g.> ,I CIT$ ! ,CATALOG1 NOT TO V]IFY ,BOOK*9'S ACADEMIC C>E] -- ,I NEV] SUSPECT$ HE W\LD EV] D5Y IT1 S9CE HE HAS BOA/$ ( IT = SO LONG -- BUT RA!R 9 SUPPORT ( MY *>ACT]IZATION ( :AT K9D ( A COLLEGE ,GODD>D ,COLLEGE IS1 AN EXP5SIVE PRIVATE COLLEGE CAT]+ TO ! *ILDR5 ( RI* LIB]ALS4 ,MAYBE NOT AN IMPORTANT PO9T1 BUT BETT] A LITTLE TRU? ?AN A BIG LIE4 

,/ILL1 IF ! CR$IBILITY ( MY 5TIRE BOOK TURNS ON !SE ?REE S5T5CES1 !IR TRU? ASSUMES UNWONT$ IMPORTANCE4 ,BOOK*9 CATEGORICALLY ASS]TS ?AT HE 5D$ HIS PR(ESSIONAL CONNECTION ) ,RAMAPO ,COLLEGE 9 #a#i#h#a4 ,BUT ACCORD+ TO ! JACKET BLURB = ,! ,ECOLOGY ( ,FRE$OM 7#a#i#h#b71 HE 0IS CURR5TLY ,PR(ESSOR ( ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY AT ,RAMAPO ,COLLEGE 9 ,NEW ,J]SEY40 ,IF ,BOOK*9 WAS NOT !N PR(ESSIONALLY CONNECT$ ) ,RAMAPO ,COLLEGE1 HE &_/OR HIS PUBLI%] MU/ HAVE WANT$ PEOPLE TO ?9K HE WAS = M>KET+ PURPOSES4 ,BY #a#i#h#g1 ACCORD+ TO ! JACKET BLURB = ,! ,RISE ( ,URBANIZATION & ! ,DECL9E ( ,CITIZ5%IP1 HE 0IS ,PR(ESSOR ,EM]ITUS AT ! ,S*OOL ( ,5VIRONM5TAL ,/UDIES1 ,RAMAPO ,COLLEGE ( ,NEW ,J]SEY & ,DIRECTOR ,EM]ITUS ( ! ,9/ITUTE = ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY AT ,RO*E/]1 ,V]MONT40 ,ACCORD+ TO ! #aiid ,BOOK*9 BIOGRAPHY PO/$ ELECTRONICALLY 0TO ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES ON BEHALF ( ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 BY ,JANET ,BIEHL10 09 #a#i#g#d1 HE .<,BOOK*9.> BEGAN TEA*+ 9 ,RAMAPO ,COLLEGE 9 ,NEW ,J]SEY1 BECOM+ FULL PR(ESSOR ( SOCIAL !ORY 5T]+ & RETIR+ 9 #aihc 9 AN EM]ITUS /ATUS40.<#h.> ,AS ALL ,I SAID AB\T ?AT IS ?AT ,BOOK*9 HELD 7NOTICE ! PA/ T5SE7 AN APPO9TM5T AT ,RAMAPO ,COLLEGE1 & ALL ,I IMPLI$ WAS ?AT ?IS WAS 9 ! #a#i#h'S1 ,BOOK*9'S AU?ORIZ$ SPOKESWOMAN CONFIRMS ?AT ,I WAS RI<T4 ,%E ALSO CONFIRMS1 CONTR>Y TO ,BOOK*91 ?AT HE DID NOT 5D HIS PR(ESSIONAL ASSOCIATION ) ,RAMAPO ,COLLEGE 9 #a#i#h#a1 BUT RA!R 9 #a#i#h#c4 ,DOES IT MATT]8 ,ACCORD+ TO ,BOOK*9 IT DOES1 SO :O IS ANYONE ELSE TO SAY IT DOESN'T8 

,!N !RE IS ! AFFILIATION ) ,GODD>D ,COLLEGE4 ,N[ 9 REF]R+ TO ,BOOK*9 AS 0! ,DEAN10 ,I WAS M]ELY FOLL[+ ! CU/OM ( REF]R+ TO A DI/+UI%$ RETIREE BY HIS HI<E/ A*IEV$ DIGNIT>Y TITLE1 ! WAY PEOPLE REF] TO 0,G5]AL ,COL9 ,P[ELL0 OR ,CL9TON REF]R$ TO 0,S5ATOR ,DOLE0 DUR+ ! DEBATES4 ,WAS MY RESORT TO ?IS PROTOCOL1 UND] ! CIRCUM/ANCES1 IRONIC RA!R ?AN HONORIFIC8 ,OBVI\SLY4 ,BOOK*9 IS A SELF-IMPORTANT1 POMP\S ASS4 ,HE BR+S \T ! PIE-?R[+ ,GR\*O ,M>XI/ 9 ME4 ,SURE1 ,I CAN ALSO TR\NCE HIM ON HIS [N SUB-ACADEMIC T]MS1 & ,I DID4 ,SO DID ,WATSON4 ,BUT 0BEYOND ,BOOK*90 ! PSEUDO-S*OL> IS ,BOOK*9 ! BLO:>D & ,BOOK*9 ! BUREAUCRAT4 ,9 A LETT] TO ME 7,APRIL #b#h1 #a#i#i#h71 ,C4,A4,L4 ,PRESS PUBLI%] ,JASON ,MC,QU9N RELATES ?AT 0! FIR/ ?+ ,I DID BE=E ,I AGRE$ TO PUBLI% Y\R BOOK1 WAS TO CALL ,GODD>D ,COLLEGE TO FACT *ECK ! ',DEAN' ACCUSATION4 ,! FIR/ P]SON TO ANSW] DIDN'T KN[ :O ! HELL HE WAS1 BUT SOMEONE ELSE 9 ! ROOM CONFIRM$ ?AT HE HAD BE5 SU*40 7,I'D E>LI] MADE ! SAME PHONE CALL & GOTT5 ! SAME ANSW]47 

,BOOK*9'S /UNN+ EXPOSE ( MY DI%ONE/Y RE/S1 AT BE/1 ON A PISSANT T]M9OLOGICAL QUIBBLE4 ,AS ,JANET ,BIEHL SAYS1 0,9 #aigd HE CO-F\ND$ & DIRECT$ ! ,9/ITUTE = ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY 9 ,PLA9FIELD1 ,V]MONT1 :I* W5T ON TO ACQUIRE AN 9T]NATIONAL REPUTATION = ITS ADVANC$ C\RSES 9 ECOPHILOSOPHY1 SOCIAL !ORY1 & ALT]NATIVE TE*NOLOGY ?AT REFLECT HIS IDEAS40 ,= :ATEV] LEGAL OR ADM9I/RATIVE REASONS1 ! ,I,S,E WAS SET UP AS AN 5TITY =MALLY DI/9CT FROM ,GODD>D ,COLLEGE1 BUT = ALL PRACTICAL PURPOSES1 IT IS ! GRADUATE S*OOL ( ,GODD>D ,COLLEGE4 ,?US ,DAVID ,WATSON 9 ,BEYOND ,BOOK*9 MADE :AT HE UND\BT$LY CONSID]$ AN UTT]LY NONCONTROV]SIAL REF]5CE TO 0! ,9/ITUTE = ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY AT ,GODD>D ,COLLEGE40.<#i.> ,! ADM9I/RATOR :O HAS ! TITLE 0,DIRECTOR0 AT ! ,I,S,E HAS ! TITLE 0,DEAN0 AT MO/ O!R PO/-SECOND>Y S*OOLS4 ,?AT'S :Y ,GODD>D ,COLLEGE SPOKESM5 REMEMB] ,BOOK*9 AS A DEAN4 ,SO ,BOOK*9 WAS A DEAN :E!R OR NOT HE WAS A ,DEAN4 ,& HIS 0PR(ESSIONAL CONNECTION0 ) ,GODD>D_/,I,S,E P]SI/$ AT LEA/ UNTIL #aiid :51 AS ,BIEHL !N REPORT$1 0HE /ILL GIVES TWO CORE C\RSES AT ! ,9/ITUTE = ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY EA* SUMM]1 :]E HE HAS ! /ATUS ( DIRECTOR EM]ITUS4 0 

,LET US RECUR TO :Y ,I DEVOT$ ALL ( SEV]AL PAGES \T ( #ad TO ! ,DIRECTOR'S BUREAUCRATIC & ACADEMIC C>E]1 :I* SPANN$ A QU>T] ( A C5TURY4 ,ONE IMM$IATE PURPOSE WAS SIMPLY TO FLAG ,BOOK*9'S GROSS HYPOCRISY 9 D5\NC+ LEFTI/S :O EMB>K$ UPON 0ALLUR+ ACADEMIC C>E]S0.<#a.> :5 HE HAD DONE ! SAME ?+ HIMSELF = OV] TWO DECADES4 ,A BROAD] PURPOSE1 OP5+ \T FROM ?AT1 WAS TO *ALL5GE :AT1 IF ANY?+1 ,BOOK*9 MEANT BY HIS %OTGUN EPI!T 0B\RGEOIS40 ,IF IT IS AN OBJECTIVE CATEGORY ( CLASS ANALYSIS1 !N ,BOOK*9 7,I SUGGE/$7 -- AS A SAL>I$ PR(ESSIONAL & ORD]-GIV+ BUREAUCRAT -- IS A B\RGEOIS HIMSELF1.<#a#a.> UNLIKE AT LEA/ SOME ( ?OSE HE REVILES AS B\RGEOIS1 SU* AS ,JOHN ,Z]ZAN 7A TEMP WORK]7 & ,L4 ,SUSAN ,BR[N 7AN (FICE WORK]71 :O >E OBJECTIVELY PROLET>IANS4 ,BUT IF ! ,DIRECTOR'S USE ( ! WORD IS NOT OBJECTIVE & SCI5TIFIC1 IF HE IS NOT FLEX+ HIS MODE/ M5TAL MUSCLES -- ! 0MUSCUL>ITY ( ?\<T0 HE SAYS HE BR\<T TO ! MU%M9D$ ,GRE5S -- !N :AT DOES HE MEAN BY 0B\RGEOIS08 ,9 :AT WAY IS :AT HE CALLS ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*ISM B\RGEOIS :]EAS :AT HE CALLS ,SOCIAL ,AN>*ISM IS NOT8 ,HE NEV] SAYS4 ,= A DEVOLV$ ,M>XI/ LIKE ,BOOK*91 0B\RGEOIS0 7& 0FASCI/07 >E1 AS ,H4,L4 ,M5CK5 REM>K$1 JU/ 0G5]AL T]MS ( ABUSE40.<#a#b.> 

,! EX-,DEAN1 ) TYPICAL OBTUS5ESS1 NEV] NOTICES ! OBVI\S IRONY 9 MY REPEAT$LY REF]R+ TO HIM AS 0! ,DEAN10 0PRESUMABLY ON ! ASSUMPTION ?AT M]E REPETITION WILL MAKE MY TITLE A REALITY40 ,9 ,S,A,L,A1 ,BOOK*9 REF]S TO ,HAKIM ,BEY 7! PSEUDONYM ( ,PET] ,LAMBORN ,WILSON7 AT LEA/ #bg TIMES AS 0! ,BEY10.<#a#c.> PRESUMABLY ON ! ASSUMPTION ?AT M]E REPETITION WILL MAKE HIS TITLE A REALITY4 ,HAKIM ,BEY IS NOT A ,BEY4 ,N[ADAYS NOBODY IS4 ,A ,BEY WAS ! GOV]NOR ( A PROV9CE OR DI/RICT 9 ! ,OTTOMAN ,TURKI% ,EMPIRE1 :I* CEAS$ TO EXI/ DECADES BE=E ,WILSON WAS BORN4 

,I MI<T HAVE ]R$ 9 ,AN>*Y AFT] ,LEFTISM 9 ONCE REF]R+ TO ,BOOK*9 AS 0HI< 9COME10 BUT EV5 ?AT REMA9S TO BE SE54 ,BOOK*9 CAN ALWAYS RELEASE HIS TAX RETURNS TO SETTLE ! PO9T4 ,UND\BT$LY HIS 9COME FELL :5 HE RETIR$1 AS DOES EV]YONE'S1 BUT FROM :AT TO :AT8 ,9 ADDITION TO HIS SAL>IES FROM TWO COLLEGES1 ,BOOK*9 COLLECT$ ROYALTIES FROM ! SALES ( OV] A DOZ5 BOOKS 7&1 AS HE SAYS1 ADVANCES ON O!RS71 & COLLECT$ FEES FROM LECTUR+ 9 7HIS [N WORDS7 EV]Y MAJOR UNIV]SITY 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,I HAVE NO IDEA :E!R HE MANAG$ ALL ?IS MONEY WISELY1 ,I ONLY PO9T \T ?AT HE MU/ HAVE HAD A GOODLY *UNK ( *ANGE TO MANAGE4 ,I /& BY MY ORIG9AL ASS]TION ?AT ,BOOK*9 PROBABLY HAS A HI<] 9COME ?AN ANYBODY HE D5\NCES 7IT'S C]TA9LY HI<] ?AN M9E74 

,9 0,:I!R ,AN>*ISM80 ! N>R[1 IMPOV]I%$ CRITIQUE ( ,S,A,L,A IS FUR!R =E%ORT5$4 ,9 ,S,A,L,A 7,9%ALLAH71 ! ,DIRECTOR ,EM]ITUS />TL$ AN>*I/S1 :OM HE HAD NEGLECT$ = MANY YE>S1 BY ABRUPTLY DEP>T+ ! ,GRE5 FIELDS ( ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY = ! KILL+ FIELDS ( ,SOCIAL ,AN>*ISM4 ,HE >GU$ -- OR RA!R1 HE DECLAIM$ -- ?AT A T5D5CY HE CALLS ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*ISM1 ! S9I/] %AD[ ( ,SOCIAL ,AN>*ISM1 HAS S9CE ! #f'S 9CREAS+LY SUPPLANT$ ! LATT]1 A USURPATION HE ATTRIBUTES TO A 0CLIMATE ( SOCIAL REACTION0 :I* HAS PREVAIL$ = ! LA/ #be YE>S OR MORE4 ,CURI\SLY1 ?IS WAS ! P]IOD 9 :I* ALMO/ ALL ! ,DIRECTOR'S BOOKS W]E PUBLI%$1 9CLUD+ ALL ( !M ) EV5 A LITTLE EXPLICIT AN>*I/ CONT5T 7SEV]AL HAD NONE74 ,APP>5TLY ! CLIMATE ( SOCIAL REACTION PROV$ AS CONG5IAL TO ,BOOK*9 AS TO ! ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*I/S1 = :OM HE NEV] HAD A DISC\RAG+ WORD UNTIL REC5TLY4 ,BUT 9 HIS REPLY TO REC5T AN>*I/ CRITICS1 ! ,DIRECTOR ,EM]ITUS ADDRESSES1 NOT CRITICISM ( HIS ,SOCIAL ,AN>*ISM1 BUT CRITICISM ( HIS ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY4 ,HE *ANGES ! SUBJECT4 ,& EV5 ON ?AT PLANE1 HIS REBUTTAL DW9DLES TO NOT MU* MORE ?AN D5\NC+ ,DAVID ,WATSON & ,JOHN ,P4 ,CL>K AS MY/ICS1 :I*1 EV5 IF TRUE1 IS ONLY NAME-CALL+1 UNRESPONSIVE TO !IR CONCRETE CRITICISMS4 ,& NOT EV5 ,BOOK*9 IS 9SOL5T 5\< TO ACCUSE ME ( MY/ICISM4 

,! ,DIRECTOR ,EM]ITUS & DIV9] ( WORLD-HI/ORICAL DIRECTIONALITY DISDA9S TO DEBATE ME DIRECTLY1 EXCEPT AS TO DETAILS ( HIS BIOGRAPHY1 ALREADY DEALT ) TO HIS DISADVANTAGE4 ,IGNOR+ ME DIDN'T WORK = HIM BE=E & IT WON'T WORK N[4 ,IT'S ONLY AN EXTREME EXPRESSION ( ! ESSAY'S MONUM5TAL LACK ( PROPORTION4 ,HE SAYS NO?+ AB\T WORK1 ORGANIZATION1 & MUNICIPAL POLITICS1 BUT DEVOTES #b-#a_/#b S+LE-SPAC$ PAGES 7OV] #g.0 ( ! TEXT7 TO DEBAT+ ) ,WATSON ! POLITICAL MEAN+ ( A ,GOYA 5GRAV+4 ,! ,DIRECTOR DECL9ES TO EXPLA9 OR JU/IFY HIS PREVI\S ABUSE ( ! EPI!T 0B\RGEOIS0 -- 9 FACT1 HE MAKES EV5 MORE USE ( IT1 AS IF O!R WORDS >E FAIL+ HIM -- BUT SP>ES F\R PAGES TO D5\NCE ,TAOISM4 ,ALL HIS P]SONALI/IC1 SELF-S]V+ /ORIES -- ESPECIALLY CONC]N+ ,JOHN ,CL>K'S DECADES ( DISCIPLEHOOD -- >E1 EV5 IF ACCURATE1 NOT A REPLY TO CRITICS4 ,JUDG+ ,BOOK*9'S PRIORITIES FROM :AT HE F9DS IMPORTANT TO DISCUSS1 HE IS MU* LESS 9T]E/$ 9 ! FUTURE ( AN>*ISM ?AN 9 ! FUTURE ( HIS REPUTATION4 ,! IRONY IS ?AT ,S,A,L,A & ! REACTION TO IT HAVE SURELY DONE MORE DAMAGE1 & MU* SOON]1 TO ,BOOK*9'S AN>*I/ REPUTATION ?AN HAS ITS MOLECUL> ]OSION BY ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*I/ T5D5CIES4 

,SOME ( ! ,DIRECTOR'S ONGO+ OBSESSIONS >E ( ONLY SYMPTOMATIC 9T]E/ TO ME4 ,I DON'T SPEAK ,SPANI% & ,I DON'T KN[ ANY?+ AB\T ,GOYA4 ,HAV+ NEV] READ ,LEWIS ,MUM=D1 ,I CONT9UE TO /AY \T ( ! UNSEEMLY CU/ODY /RUGGLE = HIS CORPSE -- ,I MEANT TO SAY1 HIS CORPUS -- BETWE5 ,BOOK*9 & ,WATSON4 ,I DON'T ?9K ?AT TREES TALK TO EA* O!R1 A POSSIBILITY ,WATSON REPORT$LY DOES NOT RULE \T1 BUT ,I DO ?9K ?AT NO TREE C\LD BE A WORSE WOOD5HEAD$ LI/5] ?AN ,MURRAY ,BOOK*94 

,ONLY A LITTLE MORE 9T]E/+ TO ME IS ,JOHN ,CL>K'S OP9ION ?AT ,TAOISM IS1 OR C\LD BE1 COMPATIBLE ) AN>*ISM4 ,(FH& IT LOOKS LIKE IT ALL DEP5DS ON :AT Y\ MEAN BY ,TAOISM & :AT Y\ MEAN BY AN>*ISM2 IF ?IS SEEMS LIKE A BANAL OBS]VATION1 IT IS4 ,BOOK*9 N[ CLAIMS ?AT HE C\LD 0NEV] ACCEPT ,CL>K'S ,TAOISM AS P>T ( SOCIAL ECOLOGY10 BUT HE KEPT HIS CRITICISMS PRIVATE SO LONG AS ,CL>K ACT$ 9 PUBLIC AS HIS LOYAL ADJUTANT4 ,ACCORD+ TO ! ,DIRECTOR1 0?AT MY ASSOCIATION ) ,CL>K LA/$ AS LONG AS IT DID IS TE/IMONY TO MY SIL5T 5DURANCE ( HIS ,TAOI/ CLAPTRAP & MY DI/9CTLY NONDOGMATIC TOL]ANCE ( VIEWS NOT 9 ACCORDANCE ) MY [N40 ,SU* /OIC =TITUDE6 ,SU* LATITUD9>IAN G5]OSITY6 0,BUT 9 ! LATE #a#i#hS1 AS ?IS TYPE ( MY/ICAL QUIETISM GA9$ MORE & MORE 9FLU5CE 9TO .<SIC.> ! ECOLOGY MOVEM5T1 ,I C\LD NO LONG] REMA9 SIL5T40 ,SO !N 7! READ] HAS BE5 PRIM$ TO EXPECT7 -- MORE 9 SORR[ ?AN 9 ANG] -- ! ,DIRECTOR W5T PUBLIC ) HIS CRITIQUE ( ,CL>K1 NOT)/&+ ?AT ,CL>K WAS 0WIDELY ASSUM$0 TO BE ! ,DIRECTOR'S 0SPOKESMAN10 P]HAPS BECAUSE 0FROM ! MID-#a#i#gS UNTIL E>LY #a#i#i#c1 ! AU?OR WAS A CLOSE ASSOCIATE ( .<HIS.>08 ,ACTUALLY1 NOT4 ,AS ! ,DIRECTOR GOES ON TO SAY1 9 ! LATE #a#i#hS HE CRITIQU$1 NOT ,CL>K1 BUT 0DEEP ECOLOGI/0 ,DAVE ,=EMAN ( ,E>? ,FIR/6 ,:ATEV] ,=EMAN'S FAIL+S1 & !Y >E MANY1 HE IS NO ,TAOI/4 ,BOOK*9 NEV] OP5LY REPUDIAT$ ,CL>K'S DABBL+ 9 ,TAOISM UNTIL ,CL>K BROKE ) ,BOOK*9 9 #a#i#i#c4 ,! ,DIRECTOR'S 0SIL5T 5DURANCE0 -- SIL5CE1 LIKE 0QUIETISM10 IS A QUALITY ,BOOK*9 DOES NOT CONSPICU\SLY DISPLAY -- LOOKS MORE LIKE OPPORTUNISM ?AN TOL]ANCE4 ,EI!R WAY1 ,BOOK*9 MU/ NEV] HAVE ?\<T ?AT ,TAOISM WAS ANY K9D ( S]I\S ?REAT TO1 OR IMPORTANT 9FLU5CE ON1 CONTEMPOR>Y AN>*ISM -- & IT ISN'T4 

,IT DOES ! ,DIRECTOR NO GOOD TO DIS9VITE ME TO HIS 7VANGU>D7 P>TY4 ,]ISIAN ?AT ,I AM1 ,I'M CRA%+ IT4 ,I DON'T NE$ ! ,DIRECTOR'S DIRECTION TO ID5TIFY T>GETS ( OPPORTUNITY4 ,( !SE1 ! MO/ CONSPICU\S IS ! ,DIRECTOR'S DOGG$ & DOGMATIC REIT]ATION ( ! B\RGEOIS ,HOBBESIAN MY? ( ! LIVES ( PRE-URBAN AN>*I/ =AG]S AS SOLIT>Y1 POOR1 NA/Y1 BRUTI%1 & %ORT1.<#a#d.> 9 DRAMATIC CONTRA/ TO ! LIFE ( ,MURRAY ,BOOK*93 NA/Y1 BRUTI%1 & LONG4 

,= ALL HIS HUFF+ & PUFF+1 ! ,DIRECTOR ,EM]ITUS ADDS NO?+ TO ! 9ADEQUATE & DI%ONE/ 0EVID5TIALITY0 7ONE ( HIS GRATUIT\S NEOLOGISMS7 ( ,S,A,L,A :I* ,WATSON & ,I HAVE ALREADY %[N TO BE LACK+4 ,HE CONT9UES TO IGNORE ! AN?ROPOLOGICAL /UDIES SUMM>IZ$ 9 ,JOHN ,Z]ZAN'S ,FUTURE ,PRIMITIVE1 ,WATSON'S ,BEYOND ,BOOK*91 & MY ,FRI5DLY ,FIRE.<#a#e.> & ,AN>*Y AFT] ,LEFTISM4 ,HE CONT9UES TO PRET5D ?AT ! !SIS ?AT /ATELESS HUNT]-GA!R]S 5JOY$ A SORT ( PRIMITIVE AFFLU5CE WAS A %ORT-LIV$ #f'S FAD1 LIKE SMOK+ BANANA PEELS -- LITTLE MORE ?AN ! REBELLI\S1 EUPHORIC ROMANTICIZ+ ( NON-,WE/]N PEOPLES BY TRIPP$-\T HIPPIES1 LIKE ! ONES :O FELL = ,C>LOS ,CA/5$A'S 0,DON ,JUAN0 HOAX4 ,?IS AN?ROPOLOGICAL AB]RATION1 HE AGA9 ASSURES US1 HAS BE5 CORRECT$ BY ! SOB] S*OL>%IP ( ! P]IOD ( SOCIAL REACTION4 

,BE=E GO+ 9TO ! M]ITS ( ?AT CONT5TION 7NONE71 LET US CONSID] ITS IMPLICATIONS = ,BOOK*9'S [N !ORY ( A PROTRACT$ P]IOD ( 0SOCIAL REACTION0 AS ! EXPLANATION = :Y DECAD5T ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*ISM HAS SUPPLANT$ H]OIC ,SOCIAL ,AN>*ISM OV] ! LA/ #c YE>S4 ,! IMPLICATION IS ?AT P]IODS ( -- :AT8 SOCIAL PROGRESS8 POLITICAL TURBUL5CE8 -- FO/] !ORETICAL PROGRESS1 SU* AS ?AT ACCOMPLI%$ BY ! ,DIRECTOR4 ,HIS CLE> IMPLICATION1 BY DAT+ ! COMM5CEM5T ( ! P]IOD ( SOCIAL REACTION TO ! #a#i#g'S1 IS ?AT ! #f'S W]E NOT A P]IOD ( SOCIAL REACTION4 ,9DE$ IT WAS !N ?AT ! ,DIRECTOR CAME 9TO HIS [N AS AN AN>*I/ !ORI/1 PRO( 5\< ( ! FRUCTIFY+ 9FLU5CE ( ?OSE HEADY TIMES4 ,YET ?IS WAS ALSO :5 ! HIPPIE AN?ROPOLOGI/S CONCOCT$ !IR LUDICR\S 0PRIMITIVE AFFLU5CE0 !SIS BAS$ ON LITTLE MORE ?AN 9T5SIVE E?NOGRAPHIC FIELDWORK & C>EFUL HI/ORICAL RESE>*4 ,9CR$IBLY1 ?IS ABSURD1 EMPIRICALLY-GR\ND$ CONCEPTION PREVAIL$ AS AN?ROPOLOGICAL OR?ODOXY1 AS ! ,DIRECTOR ,EM]ITUS COMPLA9S1 WELL 9TO ! #h'S4 ,UND\BT$LY IT [$ MU* ( ITS UNDUE 9FLU5CE TO ITS QUALIFI$ 5DORSEM5T BY ! ,DIRECTOR ,EM]ITUS HIMSELF 9 ,! ,ECOLOGY ( ,FRE$OM 7#a#i#h#b71 AN EPO*AL WORK :I* -- AS ,I DEMON/RAT$ 9 ,A,A,L BY SURVEY+ ALL ITS ACADEMIC REVIEWS 7BO? ( !M7.<#a#f.> -- TOOK ! WORLD ( SOCIAL SCI5CE BY /ORM4 ,IF1 & 9S(> AS1 !RE HAS BE5 A PR(ESSIONAL REACTION AGA9/ ! PRIMITIVE-AFFLU5CE !SIS1 IT IS 5TIRELY1 LIKE ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY & ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*ISM1 ! PRODUCT ( A P]IOD ( SOCIAL REACTION4 ,H[ ODD 7& YET1 H[ DIALECTICAL7 ?AT FROM DECAD5CE1 FROM DECAY1 ! LIFE-=CE1 CONSCI\S 0SECOND NATURE0 -- R5EW$ BY ROT & REACTION -- IS RESURG5T 9 ! P]SON & ! PRAXIS ( ! ,DIRECTOR ( DIRECTIONALITY & SU* LACKEYS AS HE F9DS USEFUL FROM TIME TO TIME4 

,/ONE ,AGE OR ,OLD ,AGE8 ,AN ,UNBRIDGEABLE ,*ASM 

,TO SUPPORT HIS CLAIM ?AT ,HOBBESIANISM HAS BE5 RE/OR$ TO AN?ROPOLOGICAL OR?ODOXY1 ! ,DIRECTOR CITES ONE HI<LY CONTROV]SIAL BOOK1 ONE REVIEW ( ?AT BOOK1 & A POP SCI5CE /ORY1.<#a#g.> NONE ( :I* IS ( V]Y REC5T V9TAGE4 ,IT IS *>ACT]I/IC ( ,BOOK*9'S SCRUPUL\SLY SCI5TIFIC ME?OD ?AT HE AFFIRMS AS ! NEW CONS5SUS -- BECAUSE IT SUITS HIS POLITICAL PURPOSES -- ! MO/ EXTREME /ATEM5T ( ONE POL> POSITION 7,$W9 ,WILMS5'S7 9 :AT IS ACTUALLY AN ONGO+ UNRESOLV$ CONTROV]SY 7SEE ,APP5DIX 0,C074 ,MAKE ?AT 0CONTROV]SIES03 AN?ROPOLOGI/S >E DEBAT+ A NUMB] ( ISSUES 9VOLV+ =AG]S1 ISSUES AT LEA/ P>TLY & (T5 :OLLY 9DEP5D5T ( ONE ANO!R4 ,:AT MO/ EX]CISES ! SPECIALI/S TURNS \T TO BE :AT'S LEA/ RELEVANT TO AN>*I/S4 ,TO SAY ?AT 0! 6,KUNG .<,SAN.> MODEL ( ! =AG+ LIFEWAY -- SMALL1 NOMADIC B&S -- IS NO LONG] TAK5 AS TYPICAL ( PREAGRICULTURAL HUMAN SOCIETIES0.<#a#h.> DOES NOT MEAN MU* UNLESS ! COMPON5TS ( 0!0 MODEL >E DISAGGREGAT$4 ,AS ( #aiib !RE W]E ALREADY AT LEA/ #ehb ITEMS PUBLI%$ RELAT+ TO ! ,KALAH>I =AG]S.<#a#i.> -- AMPLE EVID5CE ( CONTROV]SY4 ,& YET1 9S(> AS ANY G5]ALIZATION IS POSSIBLE1 EV5 A LEAD+ REVISIONI/1 ,?OMAS ,N4 ,HEADL&1 APPROV+LY QUOT$ BY ! ,DIRECTOR1.<#b.> V]Y REC5TLY WRITES ?AT 0:ILE WE N[ D\BT ?AT PREHI/ORIC HUNT]-GA!R]S W]E AS AFFLU5T AS ,SAHL9S1 ,LEE & O!RS FIR/ SUGGE/$1 WE DO NOT WANT TO RETURN TO ! PRE-#a#i#f#f ,HOBBESIAN IDEA ?AT !IR LIVES W]E NA/Y1 BRUTI% & %ORT 444 0.<#b#a.> ,9 ,AN>*Y AFT] ,LEFTISM ,I ALREADY QUOT$ ,M4,A4,P4 ,R5\F1 WRIT+ 9 #a#i#i#a1 TO ! EFFECT ?AT 0AL?\< ! MORE IDEALIZ$ ASPECTS ( ! ,LEE & ,DE,VORE MODEL >E COMMONLY ACKN[L$G$1 ,I ?9K IT IS FAIR TO SAY ?AT NO FUNDAM5TAL REVISION ( IT HAS BE5 MADE40.<#b#b.> 

,= PRES5T PURPOSES1 AS 9 ,A,A,L1 ,I AM ONLY ADDRESS+ ASPECTS ( =AG] SOCIETY ( DIRECT RELEVANCE TO AN>*ISM4 ,REVISIONI/ CORRECTIONS MO/LY RELATE TO O!R ISSUES4 ,IT DOESN'T MATT] TO AN>*I/S1 = 9/ANCE1 IF CONTEMPOR>Y =AG]S >E 0LIV+ FOSSILS0 :O HAVE ALWAYS LIV$ AS !Y DO N[1 9 0PRI/9E0 SOCIETIES4 ,IT DOESN'T MATT] ?AT !Y HAVE HI/ORIES1 9CLUD+ HI/ORIES ( TRADE & O!R 9T]ACTIONS ) AGRICULTURI/S & H]D]S4 ,IT DOESN'T MATT] IF =AG]S >5'T ALWAYS & EV]Y:]E ! B5IGN C>ETAK]S ( ! 5VIRONM5T4 ,IT DOESN'T MATT] IF PREHI/ORIC HUMANS W]E SCAV5G]S 7NOT A REVISIONI/ !SIS1 BY ! WAY1 BUT RA!R A QUIRKY ,BOOK*9I/ !SIS74 ,SO :AT DOES MATT] TO AN>*I/S AB\T !SE PEOPLE8 ,9 TWO ( MY BOOKS ,I SPECIFI$ TWO CRUCIAL PO9TS3 

0,!Y OP]ATE ! ONLY KN[N VIABLE /ATELESS SOCIETIES40 

0,& !Y DON'T1 EXCEPT 9 OCCASIONAL EM]G5CIES1 WORK 444 0.<#b#c.> 

,TO !SE ,I W\LD N[ ADD 7OR RA!R1 MAKE EXPLICIT7 TWO MORE4 ,! FIR/ -- C\RTESY ( ! ,DIRECTOR -- IS ! EGALIT>IAN COMMUNISM ( HUNT]-GA!R]S3 

0,!RE IS V]Y MU* WE CAN LE>N FROM PRELIT]ATE CULTURES 444 !IR PRACTICES ( USUFRUCT & ! 9EQUALITY ( EQUALS .<8.> >E ( GREAT RELEVANCE TO AN ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY40.<#b#d.> 

,& F9ALLY1 A SOME:AT G5]AL1 SUMM>Y CONT5TION3 

,=AG]S 5JOY A RELATIVELY HI< QUALITY ( LIFE1 :5 ! BLESS+S ( AN>*Y1 LEISURE1 EQUALITY & COMMUNITY >E CONSID]$ ALONG ) RELATIVE GOOD HEAL? & LONGEVITY4 

,IT IS ONLY C]TA9 ASPECTS ( ?IS LA/ CONT5TION 7( ?OSE ( ANY 9T]E/ TO AN>*I/S7 :I* SOME REVISIONI/ AN?ROPOLOGI/S W\LD S]I\SLY DISPUTE1 BUT EV5 IF WE HAD TO BID F>EWELL TO IT1 ! FIR/ ?REE PO9TS W\LD /ILL /&4 

#a4 ,=AG+ AS ,AN>*Y 

,SO F> AS ,I CAN DET]M9E1 NONE ( ! RESE>* OR >GUM5TS ( ! REVISIONI/S EV5 PURPORT TO D5Y ! LONG-E/ABLI%$ & UNANIM\S AN?ROPOLOGICAL CONS5SUS ?AT NONS$5T>Y HUNT]-GA!R]S1 AT LEA/ -- & AT LEA/ MO/ ( ! S$5T>Y ONES -- HAVE ALWAYS BE5 /ATELESS4 ,?IS WAS COMMON GR\ND BETWE5 !M & ! ,LEE_/,DE,VORE S*OOL & ALL !IR PR$ECESSORS4 ,NOT EV5 ,BOOK*9 SEEMS TO DISPUTE ! PRIMITIVE-AN>*Y !SIS1 ! !SIS MO/ IMPORTANT TO AN>*I/S4 

#b4 ,=AG+ AS ,Z][ORK 

,9 0,! ,ORIG9AL ,AFFLU5T ,SOCIETY10 :I* ,BOOK*9 HAS APP>5TLY NOT READ1.<#b#e.> ,M>%ALL ,SAHL9S WROTE3 0,A GOOD CASE CAN BE MADE ?AT HUNT]S & GA!R]S WORK LESS ?AN WE DO2 &1 RA!R ?AN A CONT9U\S TRAVAIL1 ! FOOD QUE/ IS 9T]MITT5T1 LEISURE ABUNDANT1 & !RE IS A GREAT] AM\NT ( SLEEP 9 ! DAYTIME P] CAPITA P] YE> ?AN 9 ANY O!R CONDITION ( SOCIETY40.<#b#f.> 

,CIT+ ! !N-UNPUBLI%$ RESULTS ( ,RI*>D ,B4 ,LEE'S FIELDWORK AMONG ! 6,KUNG ,SAN 70,BU%M5071 ,SAHL9S E/IMAT$ ?AT ! ,SAN WORK$ A F\R-H\R DAY4 ,9 !IR REF9$1 PUBLI%$ V]SION1 ,LEE'S FIGURES W]E EV5 L[]1 #b4#b TO #b4#d H\RS A DAY4.<#b#g.> ,SU* EVID5CE R5D]S RIDICUL\S :AT ,BOOK*9 IS /ILL SP\T+ 9 #a#i#i#h1 ! ,M>XI/ DOGMA AB\T 0TOIL & MAT]IAL UNC]TA9TIES 7AS WELL AS NATURAL ONES7.<#b#h.> ?AT HAVE 9 ! PA/ %ACKL$ ! HUMAN SPIRIT TO A NE>LY EXCLUSIVE CONC]N = SUBSI/5CE40.<#b#i.> ,! =AG+ ,SAN W]E NOT PREOCCUPI$ ) SUBSI/5CE4 ,!Y HAD NO REASON TO BE4 

,! QUANTITATIVE DATA1 AS />TL+ AS !Y >E1 ONLY BEG9 TO DISCLOSE ! QUALITATIVE DIFF]5CE BETWE5 PRIMITIVE & MOD]N WORK1 9 RESPECTS ,I SUMM>IZ$ 9 ,FRI5DLY ,FIRE3 0,9 ADDITION TO %ORT] H\RS1 'FLEXTIME' & ! MORE RELIABLE 'SAFETY NET' AF=D$ BY G5]AL FOOD %>+1 =AG]S' WORK IS MORE SATISFY+ ?AN MO/ MOD]N WORK4 ,WE AWAK5 TO ! AL>M CLOCK2 !Y SLEEP A LOT1 NI<T & DAY4 ,WE >E S$5T>Y 9 \R BUILD+S 9 \R POLLUT$ CITIES2 !Y MOVE AB\T BREA?+ ! FRE% AIR ( ! OP5 C\NTRY4 ,WE HAVE BOSSES2 !Y HAVE COMPANIONS4 ,\R WORK TYPICALLY IMPLICATES ONE1 OR AT MO/ A FEW HYP]-SPECIALIZ$ SKILLS1 IF ANY2 !IRS COMB9ES H&WORK & BRA9WORK 9 A V]SATILE V>IETY ( ACTIVITIES1 EXACTLY AS ! GREAT UTOPIANS CALL$ =4 ,\R 'COMMUTE' IS DEAD TIME1 & UNPAID TO BOOT2 !Y CANNOT EV5 LEAVE ! CAMPSITE )\T 'READ+' ! L&SCAPE 9 A POT5TIALLY PRODUCTIVE WAY40.<#c.> ,TO :I* ,I MI<T ADD ?AT HUNT+1 9 ,EUROPE AS ELSE:]E1 HAS ALWAYS BE5 ! 0SPORT ( K+S0 -- PLAY1 NOT WORK -- *>ACT]IZ$ BY :AT ,KI]KEGA>D CALL$ 0! LOVABLE S]I\SNESS :I* BELONGS ESS5TIALLY TO PLAY40.<#c#a.> ,! SYN!SIS ( WORK 7PRODUCTION = ITS [N SAKE7 & PLAY 7ACTIVITY = ITS [N SAKE7 IS :AT ,I HAVE LONG CALL$1 & LONG CALL$ =1 ! ABOLITION ( WORK4 ,SOMEONE ELSE MI<T PHRASE ! GOAL DIFF]5TLY1 AS1 = 9/ANCE1 0A JOY\S >TFULNESS 9 LIFE & WORK0 -- AS ONCE DID ,MURRAY ,BOOK*94.<#c#b.> 

,ACCORD+ TO AN AU?OR HI<LY REG>D$ BY ,BOOK*91 0! LABOR ( PA/ORAL PEOPLES IS SO LI<T & SIMPLE ?AT IT H>DLY REQUIRES ! LABOR ( SLAVES4 ,CONSEQU5TLY WE SEE ?AT = NOMADIC & PA/ORAL PEOPLES ! NUMB] ( SLAVES IS V]Y LIMIT$1 IF NOT Z]O4 ,?+S >E O!RWISE ) AGRICULTURAL & SETTL$ PEOPLES4 ,AGRICULTURE REQUIRES ASSIDU\S1 PA9FUL1 HEAVY LABOR4 ,! FREE MAN ( ! =E/S & PLA9S1 ! HUNT] AS WELL AS ! H]DSMAN1 TAKES TO AGRICULTURE ONLY ) GREAT REPUGNANCE40.<#c#c.> ,! AN>*O-PRIMITIVI/ CRAZY :O WROTE !SE WORDS WAS ,MIKHAIL ,BAKUN94 

,IT IS NOT JU/ ?AT =AG]S WORK MU* LESS ?AN ! MEMB]S ( AGRICULTURAL & 9DU/RIAL SOCIETIES1 IF BY WORK IS MEANT PRODUCTION4 ,IT IS NOT JU/ ?AT !Y WORK DIFF]5TLY1 9 MORE V>I$ & MO/LY MORE *ALL5G+ & SATISFY+ WAYS4.<#c#d.> ,IT IS NOT JU/ ?AT !Y WORK 9 COOP]ATION1 NOT 9 COMPETITION4 ,IT IS NOT JU/ ?AT !Y >E ALMO/ ALWAYS FREE ( TIME-DISCIPL9E1 I4E41 AT ANY P>TICUL> TIME !Y LIT]ALLY DON'T HAVE TO DO ANY?+4.<#c#e.> ,IT IS NOT JU/ ?AT !Y SLEEP 9 AS LATE AS !Y LIKE & LOAF A LOT4 ,9 EV]Y ONE ( !SE P>TICUL>S1 =AG] WORK+ LIFE IS SUP]IOR TO \RS1 BUT MORE IMPORTANT IS :AT !IR CO9CID5CE IMPLIES AB\T ! =AG+ MODE ( PRODUCTION4 ,AT SOME PO9T1 LESS WORK PLUS BETT] WORK 5DS UP AS ACTIVITY IT NO LONG] MAKES S5SE TO CALL WORK AT ALL1 AL?\< IT FURNI%ES ! MEANS ( LIFE4 ,=AG]S >E AT ?AT PO9T4 ,!Y DON'T WORK1 NOT IF WORK MEANS =C$ LABOR1 COMPULSORY PRODUCTION1 OR ! SUBORD9ATION ( PLEASURE TO PRODUCTION :5 !SE OBJECTIVES DIV]GE4 

,N[ IT IS POSSIBLE TO DEF9E WORK 9 O!R WAYS ?AN ,I DO4 ,NO ONE [NS ! WORD4 ,BUT AN IMPORTANT REVOLUTION>Y CURR5T1 BY N[ ROOT$ MA9LY 9 AN>*ISM1 IS EXPLICITLY ANTI-WORK 9 APPROXIMATELY ! S5SE ,I'VE DEF9$ WORK 9 SEV]AL ESSAYS1 ONE ( !M WELL-KN[N1.<#c#f.> GO+ BACK AT LEA/ FIFTE5 YE>S4.<#c#g.> ,!RE IS WIDESPREAD APPRECIATION AMONG AN>*I/S ?AT ! ABOLITION ( ! /ATE )\T ! ABOLITION ( WORK IS AS FATALLY 9COMPLETE -- & AS FAT$ = FAILURE -- AS ! ABOLITION ( CAPITALISM )\T ! ABOLITION ( ! /ATE4 ,9 HIS E>LY AN>*I/ ESSAYS1 ,BOOK*9 SEEM$ 7TO MANY ( US7 TO SAY SO TOO :5 HE CONDEMN$ NE$LESS & /ULTIFY+ 0TOIL40 ,I ( C\RSE PREF] MY [N DEF9ITIONS -- TO :I* ,I HAVE DEVOT$ SOME YE>S ( C>EFUL ?\<T -- & :I* ,I LIKE TO ?9K ID5TIFY ! ESS5TIALS ( WORK :ILE /ILL CORRESPOND+ ) COMMON USAGE4 ,BUT IF SOMEBODY ELSE PREF]S A DIFF]5T T]M9OLOGY1 ?AT'S F9E1 AS LONG AS HE MAKES ITS MEAN+ EXPLICIT & REFRA9S FROM SQUIDLIKE \TGU%+ ( ECC5TRIC V]BIAGE TO MUDDLE ! MATT]4 ,WORDS >E A MEANS TO AN 5D3 ! EXPRESSION ( MEAN+4 ,IF SOMEBODY WANTS TO CALL :AT ,I CALL 0! ABOLITION ( WORK0 SOME?+ ELSE1 ?AT'S ALL RI<T ) ME1 ESPECIALLY IF IT MAKES ! IDEA LESS SC>Y TO ! TIMID4 ,BUT :ATEV] Y\ CALL IT1 =AG]S USUALLY HAD IT4 ,!Y W]E Z][ORK]S4 

,) RESPECT TO ! ,SAN1 ,BOOK*9 FUDGES ! FIGURES AB\T WORK+ TIME 9 A CRUDE WAY :I* IS EXTRAORD9>ILY1 & BLATANTLY1 DI%ONE/ EV5 BY ! RELAX$ /&>DS ( HIS DOTAGE4 ,HE CLAIMS ?AT 0.<,RI*>D ,B4.> ,LEE HAS GREATLY REVIS$ ! L5G? ( ! WORKWEEK HE =M]LY ATTRIBUT$ TO ! ,ZHU .<SIC.>.<#c#h.>2 ! AV]AGE WORKWEEK = BO? SEXES1 HE WROTE 9 #a#i#g#i1 IS NOT EI<TE5 BUT #d#b4#c H\RS40.<#c#i.> ,N[ ,I CANNOT DO BETT] ?AN ,I DID 9 ,FRI5DLY ,FIRE TO REFUTE1 9 ADVANCE1 ?IS CLUMSY LIE4 ,ORIG9ALLY1 0,LEE /UDI$ ! ,SAN EQUIVAL5T ( :AT IS CONV5TIONALLY ACC\NT$ WORK 9 9DU/RIAL SOCIETY -- HUNT+ & GA!R+ 9 !IR CASE1 WAGE-LABOR 9 \RS40 ,9 O!R WORDS1 AS ,I DISCUSS 9 ,FRI5DLY ,FIRE1 0%AD[ WORK0 -- H\SEWORK -- WAS ORIG9ALLY EXCLUD$ FROM ! COMP>ISONS ,SAHL9S MADE1 NOT ONLY BECAUSE ,LEE HAD YET TO MEASURE H\SEWORK1 BUT ALSO BECAUSE H\SEWORK HAD ALWAYS BE5 EXCLUD$ BY \R ECONOMI/S FROM :AT !Y MEASURE AS WORK BECAUSE IT IS UNPAID1 & ANY?+ NOT MEASUR$ 9 MONEY IS 9VISIBLE TO ECONOMI/S4.<#d.> ,?IS DOES NOT1 AS ,I WROTE 9 ,FRI5DLY ,FIRE1 9VALIDATE ! COMP>ISON1 AL?\< IT 9VITES ! MORE EXPANSIVE COMP>ISON :I* ,LEE RETURN$ TO ! FIELD TO RECORD1 & :I* ,I SUMM>IZ$ AS FOLL[S3 0,UPON RETURN+ TO ! FIELD1 ,LEE BROAD5$ HIS DEF9ITION ( WORK TO 5COMPASS ALL '?OSE ACTIVITIES ?AT CONTRIBUTE TO ! DIRECT APPROPRIATION ( FOOD1 WAT] OR MAT]IALS FROM ! 5VIRONM5T' -- ADD+ TO SUBSI/5CE ACTIVITY TOOL-MAK+ & -FIX+ & H\SEWORK 7MA9LY FOOD PREP>ATION74 ,!SE ACTIVITIES DIDN'T 9CREASE ! ,SAN WORKLOAD AS MU* AS !IR EQUIVAL5TS 9 \R SORT ( SOCIETY 9CREASE \RS -- RELATIVELY WE FALL EV5 F.<U.>R!R BEH9D4 ,P] DIEM ! MANUFACTURE & MA9T5ANCE ( TOOLS TAKES #fd M9UTES = M51 #de M9UTES = WOM540.<#d#a.> ,SAN WOM5 DEVOTE #b#b4#d H\RS A WEEK TO H\SEWORK1 #d4#a H\RS TO ALL WORK4.<#d#b.> ,AM]ICAN WOM5 ) FULL-TIME JOBS DEVOTE #d-PLUS H\RS A WEEK TO !M 9 ADDITION TO DO+ #b#e-#c#e H\RS ( H\SEWORK4.<#d#c.> 

,AFT] ! DECEPTIVE CITATION TO ,LEE1 ,BOOK*9 ADDS1 AS IF TO CL9* ! PO9T3 0,IRV5 ,DE,VORE1 ! ,H>V>D AN?ROPOLOGI/ :O %>$ ,LEE'S CONCLUSIONS ON .<SIC.> ! ,BU%M5 9 ! #a#i#fS & #a#i#gS1 HAS OBS]V$3 ',WE W]E BE+ A BIT ROMANTIC444 ,\R ASSUMPTIONS & 9T]PRETATIONS W]E MU* TOO SIMPLE40.<#d#d.> ,NO?+ 9 ! >TICLE BY ,ROG] ,LEW9 7QUOT+ ,DE,VORE7 SUGGE/S ?AT ,DE,VORE IS REF]R+ TO ! DATA ON WORK+ TIME4 ,! >TICLE'S ONLY REF]5CE TO =AG] WORK+ TIME IS TO SUMM>IZE ! ORIG9AL ,LEE_/,DE,VORE F9D+ 0?AT ! 6,KUNG W]E ABLE TO SATISFY !IR MAT]IAL NE$S ) JU/ A FEW H\RS WORK EA* DAY1 !IR EF=T BE+ DIVID$ BETWE5 MALE HUNT+ & FEMALE GA!R+ ( PLANT FOODS40.<#d#e.> ,LEW9 REPORTS *ALL5GES TO SEV]AL ASPECTS ( ! ,LEE_/,DE,VORE MODEL1 BUT NONE TO ! F9D+S ON WORK+ TIME4 

,LEE /UDI$ ! 6,KUNG ,SAN ( ! ,DOBE >EA ( ! ,KALAH>I4 ,JIRI ,TANAKA /UDI$ ANO!R GR\P ( ,SAN 9 ! ,KADE >EA ( ! ,KALAH>I 9 ! LATE #a#i#f'S & E>LY #a#i#g'S4 ,HIS FIGURES ON WORK+ TIME1 ?\< SLI<TLY HI<] ?AN ,LEE'S1 9 G5]AL PROVIDE 9DEP5D5T SUPPORT = ! PRIMITIVE-Z][ORK] !SIS4 ,! DAILY AV]AGE ( TIME AWAY FROM CAMP1 HUNT+ & GA!R+1 IS #d H\RS & #ci M9UTES2 ?IS 9CLUDES BREAKS1 AS 0! SUN'S RAYS BEAT D[N M]CILESSLY ON ! ,KALAH>I MO/ ( ! YE>1 .<SO.> ! ,SAN (T5 /OP TO RE/ 9 ! %ADE DUR+ !IR DAY'S WORK 4440 ,9-CAMP *ORES ADD AB\T TWO H\RS A DAY4.<#d#f.> ,?AT MAKES = A WORKWEEK ( #df H\RS & #cc M9UTES1 A BIT HI<] ?AN ,LEE'S E/IMATE 7#d#d4#e H\RS = M51 #d4#a H\RS = WOM574 ,TANAKA IS ,JAPANESE1 FROM A NATION ( WORKAHOLICS4 ,IT IS UNLIKELY HE WAS SUBJECT TO ! C\NT]-CULTURAL 9FLU5CES :I* ,BOOK*9 IMPROBABLY BLAMES = ! PRIMITIVE-AFFLU5CE !ORY4 ,TANAKA DID NOT COME TO ! ,KALAH>I AS A BELIEV] 9 ?AT !ORY3 ! FIGURE HE >RIV$ AT 0IS LESS ?AN .<HE.> EXPECT$40.<#d#g.> 

,SO F> AS ,I CAN TELL1 NONE ( ! ,DIRECTOR'S CIT$ S\RCES OV]TURNS OR EV5 QUALIFIES ! PRIMITIVE-Z][ORK !SIS4 ,! ,LEW9 >TICLE ,I HAVE ALREADY DEALT )4 ,WILMS5'S POLEMIC ,L& ,FILL$ ) ,FLIES IS A FI]CE CRITIQUE ( MO/ ASPECTS ( ! ,LEE_/,DE,VORE MODEL1 BUT DOES NOT ADDRESS =AG] WORK+ TIME4 ,HEADL&'S REVIEW ( ,WILMS51 0,P>ADISE ,REVIS$10 AFT] M5TION+ ,LEE'S CONT5TION ?AT 0! ,DOBE 6,KUNG W]E ABLE TO SUPPLY !IR NE$S EASILY BY WORK+ ONLY TWO OR ?REE H\RS A DAY10 GOES ON TO MAKE ! PO9T ?AT ,LEE'S ORIG9AL 0CALCULATIONS ( ! AM\NT ( WORK ! 6,KUNG DEVOT$ TO SUBSI/5CE IGNOR$ ! TIME SP5T 9 PREP>+ FOOD1 :I* TURN$ \T TO BE SUB/ANTIAL40.<#d#h.> ,HEADL& DOES NOT SAY H[ MU* TIME DEVOT$ TO FOOD PREP>ATION HE CONSID]S SUB/ANTIAL1 BUT !RE IS NO REASON TO ?9K ?AT ! TIME ?AT ,SAN =AG]S DEVOTE TO FOOD PREP>ATION 7AB\T TWO H\RS A DAY7 IS MU* DIFF]5T FROM ! TIME WE DEVOTE TO IT1 FACTOR+ 9 %OPP+ & EAT+ \T4 ,:]EAS ! TIME !Y DEVOTE TO DIRECT FOOD ACQUISITION IS1 AS WE HAVE SE51 F> LESS4 

,= NO APP>5T REASON1 ! ,DIRECTOR FA/-=W>DS 7OR -BACKW>DS7 TO M$IEVAL ,EUROPE3 0,GIV5 ! DEM&S ( HI<LY LABOR-9T5SIVE F>M+1 :AT K9D ( FREE TIME1 9 ! TWELF? C5TURY1 DID SMALL-SCALE F>M]S HAVE8 ,IF HI/ORY IS ANY GUIDE1 IT WAS A LUXURY !Y R>ELY 5JOY$1 EV5 DUR+ ! AGRICULTURALLY DORMANT W9T]S4 ,DUR+ ! MON?S :5 F>M]S W]E NOT TILL+ ! L& & H>VE/+ ITS PRODUCE1 !Y /RUGGL$ 5DLESSLY TO MAKE REPAIRS1 T5D ANIMALS1 P]=M DOME/IC LABOR1 & ! LIKE40 ,! APPEAL TO HI/ORY IS UNACCOMPANI$ BY ANY REF]5CE TO :AT HI/ORIANS ACTUALLY SAY AB\T WORK 9 M$IEVAL ,EUROPE4 ,H[ MANY WEEKS ( WORK A YE> DID ,5GLI%M5 DEVOTE TO SUBSI/5CE 9 #a#d#i#e8 ,T56.<#d#i.> ,M>XI/ ?AT HE IS1 ,BOOK*9 %\LD REMEMB] ?AT ,PAUL ,LAF>GUE 9 ,! ,RI<T TO ,BE ,LAZY WROTE ?AT #b#e.0 ( ! PRE-9DU/RIAL ,FR5* PEASANT'S CAL5D> CONSI/$ ( WORK-FREE ,SUNDAYS & HOLIDAYS4.<#e.> ,BUT1 = PEASANTS AS = =AG]S -- AL?\< TO A LESS] DEGREE -- SIMPLY C\NT+ DAYS ( WORK & DAYS ( LEISURE UND]/ATES ! SUP]IOR QUALITY ( L[-5]GY MODES ( PRODUCTION = ! DIRECT PRODUC]S4 0,! RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES ( ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES10 WRITES HI/ORIAN ,KEI? ,?OMAS1 0RECALL ! OLD PRIMITIVE CONFUSION AS TO :]E WORK 5D$ & LEISURE BEGAN40.<#e#a.> 

#c4 ,=AG+ AS ,EGALIT>IAN ,COMMUNISM4 

,?IS IS ! ONE ASPECT ( =AG] SOCIETY :I* ,BOOK*9 EV5 N[ ACCEPTS & APPROVES (4 ,! REVISIONI/S HAVE NOT GONE V]Y F> 9 DISPELL+ ?IS CONCEPTION1 TO :I* BO? ,M>X & ,KROPOTK9 SUBSCRIB$3 !Y HAVE JU/ ID5TIFI$ A FEW MORE EXCEPTIONS TO ! G5]AL RULE ( EQUALITY & FOOD-%>+4 ,USUALLY1 AS ,I PO9T$ \T 9 ,AN>*Y AFT] ,LEFTISM1 IT IS ! S$5T>Y HUNT]-GA!R]S :O MAY 7BUT (T5 DO NOT7 DEVELOP SOME SOCIAL /RATIFICATION1 AS DID ! ,NOR?WE/ ,COA/ ,9DIANS ) P]MAN5T VILLAGES ADJO9+ SALMON RUNS 9 :I* PROP]TY RI<TS W]E RECOGNIZ$4 ,!IR AN>*Y IS A BORD]L9E CASE4.<#e#b.> ,IT'S NOT IMPOSSIBLE1 H[EV] -- JU/ EXTREMELY R>E -- = EV5 NOMADIC HUNT]-GA!R]S TO DI/RIBUTE WEAL? UNEQUALLY OR ASS]T [N]%IP RI<TS TO ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION4 ,A #a#i? C5TURY EXAMPLE IS ! ,TUT*ONE1 A NOMADIC ,A?APASKAN ,9DIAN PEOPLE 9 ! ,YUKON4 ,DESPITE !IR G5]AL POV]TY1 !Y ALLOCAT$ FOOD RES\RCES UNEQUALLY & EV5 MA9TA9$ A =M ( DOME/IC SLAV]Y1 ALLEG$LY )\T BORR[+ !SE PRACTICES FROM O!R /RATIFI$ SOCIETIES4.<#e#c.> ,9 ,S,A,L,A1 ,BOOK*9 CIT$ ANO!R EXAMPLE1 ! ,YUQUI4.<#e#d.> ,BUT ?AT'S JU/ 0! 'NOT-SO-9-,BONGOBONGOL&' /YLE ( >GUM5T40.<#e#e.> ,IF =AG] EGALIT>IANISM IS NOT UNIV]SAL1 IT ALMO/ IS1 & EV]Y O!R =M ( SOCIETY DEP>TS FROM EQUALITY TO ! EXT5T ( ITS GREAT] COMPLEXITY4 

,TO S]I\SLY *ALL5GE ! !SIS ( =AG] EGALIT>IANISM1 ! REVISIONI/S W\LD HAVE TO REVEAL 9EQUALITY AMONG ! MANY =AG+ PEOPLES AMONG :OM E?NOGRAPH]S HAVE HI!RTO F\ND EQUALITY4 ,SO F> AS ,I KN[1 ! ONLY REVISIONI/ TO MAKE SU* A CLAIM IS ,$W9 ,WILMS5 9 ,L& ,FILL$ ) ,FLIES4 ,HIS PROVOCATIVE EXAMPLE IS1 IMPROBABLY1 ! ,SAN4 ,WILMS5 ASS]TS ?AT 0MEAT %>+ -- ! PUTATIVE S9E QUA NON ( ,SAN EGALIT>IANISM -- IS ?OR\<LY CONTROLL$ TO MEET ! POLITICAL 5DS ( ! DI/RIBUTORS40.<#e#f.> ,!RE >E SEV]AL DIFFICULTIES H]E4 ,! DI/RIBUTOR ( MEAT 7! [N] ( ! >R[ :I* KILL$ ! ANIMAL7 HAS NO POLITICAL 5DS1 = ! ,SAN >E AN>*I/S4 ,:AT HE DOES HAVE IS EXPECTATIONS TO SATISFY :I* >E DET]M9$ MA9LY BY K9%IP4 ,TO 9F] 9EQUALITY FROM ?IS IS A NON SEQUITUR1 = FEW IF ANY ,SAN >E 5TIRELY )\T FAMILY & FRI5DS AT A CAMPSITE4 ,IF 9 FACT !Y >E )\T FAMILY OR FRI5DS1 !Y %\LD BE1 & SOON W\LD BE1 ON !IR WAY TO SOME:]E ELSE MORE HOSPITABLE4 ,SAN PR9CIPLES ( FOOD-%>+ PRIORITIES DO NOT MA!MATICALLY GU>ANTEE ABSOLUTE DI/RIBUTIVE EQUALITY1 BUT 9 PRACTICE !Y APPROXIMATE IT4 

,H[EV]1 EV5 >GUM5TS AT ?IS MODE/ LEVEL ( SOPHI/ICATION >E UNNECESS>Y TO DISPOSE ( ,WILMS5'S EXAMPLE -- = ?AT'S ALL IT IS3 A S+LE 0ANECDOTE0 7HIS WORD7 AB\T A ,SAN :O COMPLA9$ ( RECEIV+ NO MEAT FROM A H\SEHOLD 9 :I* %E HAD NO RELATIVES4 ,!SE ,SAN W]E NOT =AG]S1 !Y W]E PA/ORALI/S :O HUNT1 P>T-TIME1 FROM HORSEBACK1 & P>TLY ) RIFLES4.<#e#g.> 

,WILMS5'S CLAIM = CLASS DI/9CTIONS AMONG =AG+ ,SAN IS HIS 0MO/ CONT5TI\S10 OV]/AT$1 & LEA/ ACCEPT$ PROPOSITION4.<#e#h.> ,SEV]AL AN?ROPOLOGI/S1 EV5 ,WILMS5'S MA9 T>GET ,RI*>D ,B4 ,LEE1 CR$IT ,WILMS5 ) PLAC+ MORE EMPHASIS ON ! HI/ORICAL DIM5SION ( ,SAN /UDIES1 BUT !Y CONTE/ ! F9D+S ( HIS FIELDWORK1 :I* COMM5C$ ONLY 9 #a#i#g#c1 AS 0SO AT ODDS ) PREVI\S WORKS ?AT IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO RECONCILE ONE'S PRIOR KN[L$GE ( ! ,KALAH>I ) :AT ,WILMS5 PRES5TS40.<#e#i.> ,EV5 A FELL[ REVISIONI/ LIKE ,?OMAS ,HEADL&1 9 A REVIEW :I* ,BOOK*9 CITES APPROV+LY1 CONCLUDES ?AT 0ONE CAN BE G5]ALLY CONV9C$ BY ,WILMS5'S .<HI/ORICAL.> ACC\NT ( \TSIDE 9FLU5CE 9 ! ,KALAH>I DES]T :ILE BE+ TR\BL$ BY HIS COMPLETE REJECTION ( E>LI] PORTRAITS ( ! 6,KUNG40.<#f.> ,WILMS5'S EMBRACE ( HI/ORY 7& >*AEOLOGY.<#f#a.>7 AT ! EXP5SE ( E?NOGRAPHY LOOKS LIKE S\R GRAPES4 ,HE >RIV$ 9 ! FIELD TOO LATE TO /UDY VIABLE ,SAN =AG]S1 AS ,LEE1 ,H[ELL1 ,TANAKA & O!RS HAD DONE1 & SO HE RUMMAG$ ! >*IVES TO PROVE ?AT !RE'D NEV] BE5 ANY SU* =AG]S1 ONLY ! SAME IMPOV]I%$ UND]CLASS HE F\ND 9 ! #a#i#g'S4 

,/ILL ANO!R ( ,WILMS5'S REVIEW]S NOTES ?AT 0PAGE AFT] PAGE D5\NCES ,RI*>D ,LEE & A HO/ ( O!R E?NOGRAPH]S ) UNNECESS>Y /+S1 :ILE SOME O!R PAGES RELY ON ! F9D+S ( !SE V]Y S*OL>S40.<#f#b.> ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 IS RI<T TO RECOGNIZE 9 ,WILMS5 A K9DR$ SPIRIT1 ANO!R LAWY] TRAPP$ 9 ! BODY ( A S*OL>1 EXCEPT ?AT ,BOOK*9 ISN'T EV5 A S*OL>4 0,S*OL>%IP10 ACCORD+ TO ONE ( ,BOOK*9'S R>E S*OL>LY REVIEW]S1 0IS NOT HIS PO9T1 OR HIS A*IEVEM5T10 & HIS 0ME?OD IS TO RANSACK WORLD HI/ORY -- MORE OR LESS AT R&OM0 = EXAMPLES ?AT SEEM TO SUPPORT HIS POSITION4.<#f#c.> ,BOOK*9 RELIES ON ,WILMS5 9 EXACTLY ! OPPORTUNI/IC WAY ,WILMS5 RELIES ON ,LEE 0& A HO/ ( O!R E?NOGRAPH]S10 GRABB+ :ATEV] S\NDS LIKE SUPPORT = AN ADVOCACY POSITION1 & NEV] M9D :AT IT REALLY MEANS OR ! CONTEXT OR ! RE/ ( ! /ORY4 ,:5 LAWY]S PILLAGE HI/ORY ?IS WAY1 HI/ORIANS REF] TO ! RESULT CONTEMPTU\SLY AS 0LAW-(FICE HI/ORY40.<#f#d.> ,BOOK*9 WRITES LAW-(FICE HI/ORY1 LAW-(FICE AN?ROPOLOGY1 & LAW-(FICE PHILOSOPHY1 :I* IS TO SAY1 PSEUDO-HI/ORY1 PSEUDO-AN?ROPOLOGY1 & PSEUDO-PHILOSOPHY4 

#d4 ,=AG+ AS ! ,GOOD ,LIFE 

,BY ! CAT*ALL PHRASE 0! GOOD LIFE0 ,I REF] TO V>I\S FUR!R FEATURES ( =AG+ SOCIETY :I* >E SIGNIFICANT = :AT ,I CAN ONLY REF] TO1 VAGUELY AT ! \TSET1 AS ! QUALITY ( LIFE4 ,NECESS>ILY1 9T]PRETATION & VALUE JUDGM5TS 5T] 9TO ! ASSESSM5T ( ?IS DIM5SION EV5 MORE OP5LY ?AN 9 ! ASSESSM5T ( ! FIR/ ?REE1 BUT JU/ AS NECESS>ILY !RE IS NO AVOID+ !M4 ,VIABLE AN>*O-COMMUNI/ SOCIETIES NATURALLY 9T]E/ AN>*I/S1 BUT IF HUNT]-GA!R]S 5JOY LITTLE MORE ?AN ! FRE$OM TO SUFF]1 & EQUALITY 9 POV]TY1 !IR EXAMPLE IS NOT V]Y 5C\RAG+4 ,IF ?AT IS ALL ?AT AN>*Y (F]S1 AN>*ISM HAS NO APPEAL EXCEPT TO ! FANATIC FEW4 ,ABUNDANCE & GOOD HEAL?1 = 9/ANCE1 MAY NOT BE SUPREME VALUES1 BUT VALUES !Y >E4 ,IF !Y >E TOO LACK+ = TOO LONG1 ! WIDE/ LIB]TY1 EQUALITY & FRAT]NITY LOSE !IR SAVOR4 ,BUT = =AG]S1 ! PRICE ( LIB]TY1 EQUALITY & FRAT]NITY IS NOT NE>LY SO HI<4 

,:5 ,M>%ALL ,SAHL9S *>ACT]IZ$ HUNT]-GA!R]S AS ! ORIG9AL AFFLU5T SOCIETY1 HE MEANT TO MAKE SEV]AL PO9TS4 ,ONE ,I HAVE ALREADY DEALT )3 RELATIVELY %ORT WORK+ TIME4 ,! O!R1 :I* HAS ALWAYS ATTRACT$ MORE ATT5TION1 IS ! CONT5TION ?AT =AG]S TYPICALLY 5JOY A FOOD SUPPLY NOT ONLY ABUNDANT BUT RELIABLE4 ,!Y DO NOT WORK V]Y MU* BECAUSE !Y HAVE NO NE$ TO WORK ANY LONG] OR H>D] 9 ORD] TO HAVE ALL ?AT !Y WANT TO CONSUME4 ,!Y DO NOT /ORE MU* FOOD OR = LONG1 P>TLY = LACK ( ! REQUISITE TE*NOLOGY1 BUT FUNDAM5TALLY BECAUSE ( !IR CONFID5CE ?AT !Y CAN ALWAYS GO \T & GET SOME MORE4.<#f#e.> ,9/EAD ( ! DESP]ATE PREOCCUPATION ) SURVIVAL :I* ,BOOK*9 ATTRIBUTES TO !M1 ! =AG]S' ATTITUDE T[>D ! QUE/ = SUBSI/5CE1 IS1 AS ,SAHL9S SAYS1 ONE ( 0NON*ALANCE40.<#f#f.> 

,! WORLD ( ! =AG]S IS NOT1 ANY MORE ?AN \RS IS1 ABSOLUTELY SECURE4 ,SU* WORDS AS 0P>ADISE0 & 0$5IC0 >E NEV] US$ BY AN?ROPOLOGI/S & NOT (T5 US$1 & !N USUALLY METAPHORICALLY1 BY AN>*O-PRIMITIVI/S4 ,IT IS !IR CRITICS1 ABOVE ALL ,BOOK*91 :O PUT !SE WORDS 9 !IR M\?S1 COMP\ND+ ! DECEPTION BY PUTT+ !SE NONEXI/5T QUOTATIONS 9 QUOTATION M>KS -- A ,BOOK*9 ABUSE ,I T>GET$ 9 ,AN>*Y AFT] ,LEFTISM BUT :I* ! ,DIRECTOR ,EM]ITUS N[ 9DULGES 9 MORE RECKLESSLY ?AN EV]4 ,LIKE ,BOOK*91 BUT UNLIKE A F9E W9E1 IT HAS NOT IMPROV$ ) AGE4 

,AS EV]YONE ACKN[L$GES -- ,WATSON & ,I 9CLUD$.<#f#g.> -- AL?\< ABUNDANCE IS ! NORM AMONG CONTEMPOR>Y HUNT]-GA!R]S1 !Y MAY GO HUNGRY OCCASIONALLY4 ,!RE'S A TWO-MON? P]IOD ( ! YE>1 = 9/ANCE1 9 :I* ,SAN FOOD 9TAKE DECL9ES4 ,?AT DOES NOT VALIDATE ! ,HOBBESIAN VIEW1 :I* IS EXACTLY ! OPPOSITE3 ?AT = =AG]S1 HUNG] IS ! NORM & SATIETY ! EXCEPTION4 ,LEE & DEMOGRAPH] ,NANCY ,H[ELL MEASUR$ A #a.0 TO #b.0 LOSS 9 ,SAN BODY WEI<T DUR+ ! L[ PO9T1 0F> %ORT ( .<!.> #d TO #f4#e P]C5T AV]AGE LOSS OBS]V$ AMONG AGRICULTURI/S40.<#f#h.> ,& AL?\< SAY+ SO 9C5SES ! EASILY IRK$ ,DIRECTOR1.<#f#i.> IT IS OBVI\SLY RELEVANT TO ! PRIMITIVE-AFFLU5CE !SIS ?AT 9 PREHI/ORIC TIMES1 =AG]S HAD ALL ! WORLD'S HABITATS TO 5JOY1 NOT JU/ ! M>G9AL WA/ES TO :I* CONTEMPOR>Y =AG]S >E RELEGAT$ BY CIVILIZ$ TE*NO-VIOL5CE4 ,IT IS REASONABLE TO 9F] ?AT :5 =AG]S HAD ! :OLE WORLD TO !MSELVES1 !Y 5JOY$ EV5 GREAT] EASE & AFFLU5CE1 ! MAT]IAL BASE ( !IR SUCCESSFUL AN>*Y4 ,I D>ESAY ?AT MORE ,AM]ICANS ?AN =AG]S WILL GO TO SLEEP HUNGRY TONI<T4 

,JU/ AS HE FUDG$ ! FIGURES = ,SAN WORK+ TIME1 ! ,DIRECTOR GOES ON TO MISREPRES5T ! FIGURES ON !IR CALORIC 9TAKE1 AL?\< ?IS TIME )\T BO!R+ TO CITE ANY ( !M4 ,HE CLAIMS -- CIT+ ONLY HIMSELF -- ?AT 0,RI*>D ,LEE'S [N DATA ON ! CALORIC 9TAKE ( 'AFFLU5T' =AG]S HAVE BE5 SIGNIFICANTLY *ALL5G$ BY ,WILMS5 & HIS ASSOCIATES444 ,LEE HIMSELF HAS REVIS$ HIS VIEWS ON ?IS SCORE S9CE ! #a#i#fS40 ,! ID5TICAL PASSAGE APPE>S 9 ,S,A,L,A4.<#g.> ,BETWE5 #aifi & #a#i#g#i1 ,LEE DID REVISE HIS E/IMATES ( ,SAN =AG] CALORIC UPTAKE3 UPW>D1 FROM #b1#a#d KILOCALORIES TO #b1#c#e#e KILOCALORIES1 AS NOT$ BY ,WILMS5 HIMSELF6 ,I HAD ALREADY DRAWN ATT5TION TO ! REVISION 9 ,FRI5DLY ,FIRE AS HAD ,WATSON 9 ,BEYOND ,BOOK*94 ,& F> FROM 0%>PLY *ALL5G+0 ,LEE'S E/IMATES1 ,WILMS5 AGRE$ ) !M3 0CONSID]+ ! M>G9 ( ]ROR 9H]5T 9 CALORIE C\NT+1 EI!R FIGURE IS 9 GOOD AGREEM5T ) MY E/IMATE ( #b1#b#i#d KILOCALORIES_/P]SON_/DAY = =AG+ ,ZHU 9 ,JULY #a#i#g#e40.<#g#a.> ,AS ( #a#i#f1 OV] HALF ! WORLD'S PEOPLE CONSUM$ LESS ?AN #bbe CALORIES A DAY1 LESS ?AN ! ,SAN DID2 ! CIVILIZ$ PEOPLE ( ,*9A1 ,9DIA & ,9DONESIA CONSUM$ MU* LESS ?AN ?AT4.<#g#b.> ,BOOK*9'S BLUND]S >E SO BASIC ?AT !Y CANNOT HAVE BE5 COMMITT$ 9 GOOD FAI? UNLESS BY SOMEONE :OSE 9TELLECTUAL CAPACITIES >E GRAVELY IMPAIR$4 

,= MANY YE>S N[1 ! ,DIRECTOR ,EM]ITUS HAS EXHIBIT$ A P]SONALI/IC PREOCCUPATION ) OLD AGE4 ,%ORTLY AFT] HE TURN$ #f1 ,BOOK*9'S ,ECOLOGY ( ,FRE$OM 7#a#i#h#b7 ADVANC$1 AMONG O!R ECC5TRICITIES1 ! !SIS ?AT ! ORIG9 ( HI]>*Y 9 HUMAN SOCIETY WAS G]ONTOCRACY1 DOM9ATION BY ! ELD]LY4 ,NO AN?ROPOLOGI/ ?\<T SO !N & NONE ?9KS SO N[4 ,! ONLY AN?ROPOLOGI/ TO REVIEW ! BOOK 7& SURPRIS+LY SYMPA!TICALLY7 WROTE ?AT ! ,DIRECTOR'S 0EMPHASIS ON AGE /RATIFICATION AS ! KEY TO DOM9ATION IS UNCONV9C+ & SUFF]S FROM SU* A PAUCITY ( EMPIRICAL EVID5CE ?AT IT READS AT TIMES LIKE A ',JU/-,SO' /ORY40.<#g#c.> ,) *>ACT]I/ICALLY WELL-CRAFT$ CRUELTY1 ,I QUOT$ ?IS COMM5T 9 ,AN>*Y AFT] ,LEFTISM 9 A CONTEXT ?AT IMPLI$ ?AT ,BOOK*9'S BELIEF 9 G]ONTOCRACY -- 0! ORIG9AL =M ( HI]>*Y 7& /ILL ! BE/670 -- WAS WI%FUL ?9K+4.<#g#d.> ,SOME?+ APPROXIMAT+ G]ONTOCRACY DOES PREVAIL ON COLLEGE CAMPUSES 7!RE IT'S KN[N AS 0T5URE07 SU* AS ?OSE :]E ! ,DIRECTOR ,EM]ITUS SP5T ! LATT] HALF ( HIS ADULT LIFE -- BUT 9 FEW O!R >EAS ( CONTEMPOR>Y SOCIETY4 ,! ,DIRECTOR'S P]SONALI/IC OBSESSION ) AGE 9CREASES AS HIS [N DOES4 

,9 ,S,A,L,A1 & N[ AGA9 9 ITS SEQUEL1 ,BOOK*9 9DICTS ! ,SAN 7/&+ 9 = HUNT]-GA!R]S7 = !IR BRIEF LIFE-SPANS4 ,UNLIKE 9 ,S,A,L,A1 ,BOOK*9 ?IS TIME PROVIDES A S\RCE = HIS CLAIM ?AT ! AV]AGE ,SAN LIFESPAN IS #c YE>S -- IT IS ,HEADL&'S REVIEW ( ,WILMS54.<#g#e.> ,HEADL& HAS DONE NO RESE>* ON ! ,SAN & PROVID$ NO REF]5CE TO ANYONE :O HAS4 ,9 ,S,A,L,A1 ,BOOK*9 LEFT ! IMPRESSION ?AT 0,WILMS5 & HIS ASSOCIATES0 CAME UP ) ?IS FIGURE1.<#g#f.> BUT ,WILMS5 DOES NOT EV5 REF] TO ,SAN LIFESPAN1 MU* LESS PURPORT TO E/IMATE IT BAS$ ON HIS [N RESE>*4 ,?IS IS ACTUALLY A DIFFICULT RESE>* PROBLEM1 BECAUSE ! ,SAN DON'T KN[ H[ OLD !Y >E1 & 9 !IR [N LANGUAGE !Y CAN ONLY C\NT TO ?REE4.<#g#g.> ,! MO/ ?OR\< 9VE/IGATION ( ,SAN DEMOGRAPHY WAS DONE BY ,NANCY ,H[ELL1 A MEMB] ( ! ,LEE_/,DE,VORE TEAM1 AMONG ! ,DOBE ,SAN4 ,H] E/IMATE ( LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIR? WAS #c-#c#e YE>S4.<#g#h.> ,ANO!R /UDY1 :I* ,I CIT$ 9 ,AN>*Y AFT] ,LEFTISM1 PRODUC$ AN E/IMATE ( #cb YE>S4.<#g#i.> ,= ! #a,KADE ,SAN1 ,TANAKA'S E/IMATE WAS #d YE>S4.<#h.> ,BY COMP>ISON1 ! LIFE EXPECTANCY = ANCI5T ,ROMANS & M$IEVAL ,5GLI%M5 WAS #c YE>S4 ,JU/ A C5TURY AGO1 ,AM]ICAN LIFE EXPECTANCY WAS ONLY #d YE>S4 

,>E !SE /ATI/ICS APPALL+8 ,NO D\BT !Y >E TO A SICK1 SC>$ OLD MAN LIKE ,BOOK*9 :O KN[S HIS TIME IS %ORT4 ,HAD HE DI$ AT #d1 NONE ( HIS BOOKS W\LD EV] HAVE BE5 WRITT54 ,IT IS EMB>RASS+LY OBVI\S ?AT HIS REC5T TIRADES >E ! \TBUR/S ( SOMEONE 9 A DESP]ATE HURRY TO P]PETUATE AN IDEOLOGICAL LEGACY HE RI<TLY P]CEIVES TO BE 9 ECLIPSE4 ,HE FE>S ! LOSS ( ! ONLY K9D ( IMMORTALITY HE BELIEVES 94 ,BUT HIS PRIVATE T]ROR AT ! PROSPECT ( DEA? & DISREG>D IS A P]SONALI/IC DEMON4 ,!RE IS MORE TO ! QUALITY ( LIFE ?AN ! QUANTITY ( LIFE4 ,H[ MU* MORE IS /RICTLY A VALUE JUDGM5T4 ,A*ILLES *OSE A %ORT LIFE AS A H]O OV] A LONG LIFE AS A NOBODY4 ,PIRATES PREF]R$ A %ORT & M]RY LIFE TO A LONG] LIFE ( DRUDG]Y4 ,SOME PEOPLE1 AS ,ZAPATA PUT IT1 W\LD RA!R DIE ON !IR FEET ?AN LIVE ON !IR KNEES4 ,& SOME PEOPLE CAN PACK A LOT ( LIFE 9TO A %ORT SPAN4 ,IF =AG]S G5]ALLY LIVE LIVES ( LIB]TY1 CONVIVIALITY1 ABUNDANCE & EASE1 IT IS BY NO MEANS OBVI\S ?AT !IR %ORT]1 HI<-QUALITY LIVES >E 9F]IOR TO \R LONG]1 L[-QUALITY LIVES4 ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 TELLS US ?AT IT IS MOD]N M$ICAL TE*NOLOGY :I* IS KEEP+ HIM ALIVE4 ,IT W\LD NEV] OCCUR TO HIM ?AT ! 5EMIES HE DEFAMES MI<T NOT CONSID] ?IS AN >GUM5T 9 FAVOR ( MOD]N M$ICAL TE*NOLOGY4 ,JUDG+ FROM ,S,A,L,A & 0,:I!R ,AN>*ISM80 ! ,DIRECTOR ,EM]ITUS IS NOT 5JOY+ HIS GOLD5 YE>S4 ,NOBODY ELSE IS 5JOY+ HIS GOLD5 YE>S EI!R4 

,BE=E ANYONE ELSE PANICS OV] ! /ATI/ICS1 LET'S CONSID] :AT !Y REALLY MEAN4 ,9 ,AN>*Y AFT] ,LEFTISM ,I ALREADY PO9T$ \T ?AT LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIR? IS NO MEASURE ( H[ LONG ?OSE :O SURVIVE 9FANCY CAN EXPECT TO LIVE4.<#h#a.> ,9 ALL HUMAN POPULATIONS1 9CLUD+ \RS1 9FANT MORTALITY IS HI< RELATIVE TO ! MORTALITY ( ALL O!R AGE GR\PS EXCEPT ! V]Y OLD4 ,9 ?IS RESPECT1 AS ,NANCY ,H[ELL CONCLUD$1 0! 6,KUNG HAVE AN AGE PATT]N ( MORTALITY MORE OR LESS LIKE EV]YONE ELSE40.<#h#b.> ,! HI< RATE ( 9FANT MORTALITY DEPRESSES ! AV]AGE LIFESPAN1 BUT REAL PEOPLE LIVE1 NOT ! AV]AGE LIFESPAN1 BUT !IR [N LIFESPANS4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,BOOK*91 BACK 9 ! ,OLD ,/ONE ,AGE1 0FEW LIV$ BEYOND !IR FIFTIE? YE>40.<#h#c.> ,AS ,NANCY ,H[ELL DISCOV]$1 ?AT WAS NOT TRUE ( ! ,SAN4 ,OV] #a#g.0 W]E OV] #e2 #b#i.0 W]E OV] #d2 #d#c.0 W]E OV] #c4 ,ONE ,SAN MAN WAS APPROXIMATELY #h#b4.<#h#d.> ,ACCORD+ TO ,TANAKA1 TOO1 MANY ,SAN LIVE F> BEYOND ! AGE ( #d4.<#h#e.> 

,NI<TM>ES ( ,REASON 

,UNCONSCI\S IRONY HAS BECOME A HALLM>K ( ,LATE ,BOOK*9ISM1 ! ,HI<E/ ,/AGE ( ,LEFTISM4 ,WELL-KN[N EXAMPLES 9CLUDE ,BOOK*9'S D5UNCIATION ( LEFTI/S ) ALLUR+ ACADEMIC C>E]S JU/ AS ! ,DIRECTOR RETIR$ FROM AN ALLUR+ ACADEMIC C>E]2 HIS SCA?+ CONTEMPT = ,JOHN ,CL>K'S 0C[>DLY0 HID+ BEH9D A PSEUDONYM ! WAY ,BOOK*9 DID 9 ! #f'S.<#h#f.>2 HIS P]SONALI/IC ABUSE ( 9DIVIDUALS HE ACCUSES ( P]SONALISM2 HIS VILIFICATION ( O!R WRIT]S = APPE>+ 9 ! SAME 0YUPPIE0 PUBLICATIONS HE'S BE5 PUBLI%$ OR FAVORABLY REVIEW$ 92 & HIS D5UNCIATIONS ( AN>*I/S = AGREE+ ) :AT HE US$ TO WRITE4 7,SEE ALSO ,APP5DIX ,A47 ,AL?\< 9CONSI/5CY1 NOT TO M5TION HYPOCRISY1 IS NO?+ NEW = ,BOOK*9 7SEE ,APP5DIX ,B71 LATELY ! DEVOLUTION ( HIS REASON+ P[]S IS DIZZY+4 ,P>ADOXICALLY -- OR IS IT8 -- HIS 9TELLECTUAL DECL9E CO9CIDES ) ! ,DIRECTOR'S %RILL DEF5SE ( ,REASON ,) A ,CAPITAL ,R AGA9/ ! ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*I/S & ! RE/ ( ! IRRATIONALI/ HORDES4 ,TO BORR[ ONE ( ,BOOK*9'S FAVORITE CLI*ES1 Y\ MI<T SAY ?AT HIS COMMITM5T TO ,REASON IS HONOR$ 9 ! BREA*4 

,! ,DIRECTOR TAXES ,WATSON 7?AT POOR 0PHILOSOPHICAL NAIF07 = REF]R+ 0TO SCI5CE 7MORE PROP]LY1 ! SCI5CES1 S9CE ! NOTION ( A ,SCI5CE ?AT HAS ONLY ONE ME?OD & APPROA* IS FALLACI\S7 4440 -- = SPEAK+ ( ,SCI5CE 9 ! S+UL>4 ,9 ,PO/-,SC>CITY ,AN>*ISM1 ,BOOK*91 :O IS NEV] FALLACI\S1 OR EV5 FACETI\S1 NONE!LESS F\ND IT MEAN+FUL1 NOT ONLY TO SPEAK ( ,SCI5CE 9 ! S+UL>1 BUT TO SAY /RIK+LY ,WATSONI% ?+S AB\T IT3 0,9DE$1 WE HAVE BEGUN TO REG>D SCI5CE ITSELF AS AN 9/RUM5T ( CONTROL OV] ! ?\<T PROCESSES & PHYSICAL BE+ ( MAN4 ,?IS DI/RU/ ( SCI5CE & ( ! SCI5TIFIC ME?OD .<EMPHASIS ADD$.> IS NOT )\T JU/IFICATION40.<#h#g.> ,DI/RU/ ( ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 IS LIKEWISE NOT )\T JU/IFICATION4 

,SOMEONE :O ADMIRES OR PITIES ! ,DIRECTOR MORE ?AN ,I DO MI<T LIKE TO 9T]PRET ?IS AS A CAUTI\S CONDONATION ( ME?ODOLOGICAL PLURALISM1 :AT ! LATE ,PAUL ,FEY]AB5D CALL$ 0EPI/EMOLOGICAL AN>*ISM40 ,ALAS1 IT IS NOT SO4 ,BOOK*9 IS NO MORE AN EPI/EMOLOGICAL AN>*I/ ?AN HE IS ANY O!R K9D ( AN>*I/4 ,ELSE:]E 9 ! SAME 9T]M9ABLE P>AGRAPH1 ! ,DIRECTOR RULES \T ANY SU* POSSIBILITY3 0,WATSON IS FREE TO SAY ANY?+ HE WANTS )\T EV] EXPOS+ IT TO ! *ALL5GE ( REASON OR EXP]I5CE4 ,AS ,PAUL ,FEY]AB5D ONCE WROTE3 ',ANY?+ GOES6'0 ,LET'S PUT ASIDE ,BOOK*9'S H]E OP5LY ANN\NC$ HO/ILITY TO FRE$OM ( SPEE* -- 5\< BY ITSELF TO CONFIRM MY CONT5TION ?AT HE'S NOT AN AN>*I/4.<#h#h.> ,9 ! SEQU5CE 9 :I* ,BOOK*9 PLACES IT1 ! ,FEY]AB5D QUOTATION -- UNREF]5C$ -- LOOKS LIKE A SUMMONS TO FREAK \T4 ,9 FACT1 IT WAS ONLY AN 5DORSEM5T ( PLURALISM 9 ME?ODOLOGY4 ,FEY]AB5D'S PO9T WAS ?AT SCI5TIFIC DISCOV]Y DOES NOT NECESS>ILY OR EV5 NORMALLY RESULT FROM FOLL[+ RULES1 9CLUD+ ! RULES ( ! SCI5TIFIC ME?OD 7:I* ,BOOK*9 AGREES DOES NOT EXI/74.<#h#i.> ,! TALES ( ,DIOG5ES 9 ! BA?TUB & ,NEWTON UND] ! APPLE TREE MAY BE MY?ICAL1 BUT1 AS GOOD MY?S DO1 !Y EXPRESS NON-LIT]ALLY A TRU?4 ,9 PR9CIPLE1 ANY CONTEXT MAY S]VE AS :AT ,K>L ,POPP] CALL$ ! CONTEXT ( DISCOV]Y3 RELIGION1 DRUGS1 PSY*OSIS1 *ANCE -- ANY?+4 ,ACCORD+ TO ! ,DIRECTOR1 0MY?OPOESIS0 7MY?MAK+7 HAS ITS PLACE1 BUT ONLY 9 >T4 ,! 0EXP]I5CE0 TO :OSE AU?ORITY HE APPEALS CONFIRMS A WID] ROLE = MY?OPOESIS & NONSY/EMATIC S\RCES ( 9SI<T4 ,AS ,FEY]AB5D PUT IT3 0,!RE IS NO IDEA1 H[EV] ANCI5T OR ABSURD ?AT IS NOT CAPABLE ( IMPROV+ \R KN[L$GE40 ,ONE /IMULUS TO ! ,COP]NICAN !ORY ?AT ! ,E>? MOVES1 = 9/ANCE1 WAS ,H]METIC WRIT+S 7ALSO C>EFULLY /UDI$ BY ,NEWTON7 REVIV+ ?AT LONG-DISCR$IT$ ,PY?AGOREAN NOTION4.<#i.> ,NOR WAS ! ,5LI<T5M5T AS SCI5TIFIC & SECUL> AS ! ,DIRECTOR IMAG9ES3 0,! EI<TE5? C5TURY WAS TOO DEEPLY 9VOLV$ ) ! OCCULT TO HAVE US CONT9UE TO ASSOCIATE IT EXCLUSIVELY ) RATIONALISM1 HUMANISM1 SCI5TIFIC DET]M9ISM1 & CLASSICISM4 ,MANIFE/ATIONS ( IRRATIONALISM1 SUP]NATURALISM1 ORGANICISM1 & ,ROMANTICISM APPE>$ ?R\<\T40.<#i#a.> 

,! ,DIRECTOR'S REV]5CE = ,REASON RISES 9 9V]SE PROPORTION TO HIS PRACTICE ( IT4 ,HE N[ SAYS ?AT HE HAS 0LONG BE5 A CRITIC ( MY?OPOESIS1 SPIRITUALISM1 & RELIGION10 AL?\< ,I HAVE F\ND NO SU* CRITICISM 9 HIS EXTANT WRIT+S ( ! #f'S & #g'S4 ,HE ALSO CLAIMS TO BE A LONG/&+ CRITIC ( CONV5TIONAL1 ANALYTIC1 9/RUM5TAL ,REASON4 ,MU* MORE REVELATORY1 HE SAYS1 IS DIALECTICAL ,REASON1 0! RATIONALITY ( DEVELOPM5TAL PROCESSES1 ( PH5OM5A ?AT SELF-ELABORATE 9TO DIV]SE =MS & COMPLEX 9T]ACTIONS -- 9 %ORT1 A SECUL> =M ( REASON .<!RE'S A RELIGI\S =M8.> ?AT EXPLORES H[ REALITY1 DESPITE ITS MULTIPLICITY1 UNFOLDS 9TO >TICULAT$1 9T]ACTIVE1 & %>$ RELATION%IPS40 ,:AT1 IF ANY?+1 ?IS MEANS IS ANYBODY'S GUESS4 ,DO 0DEVELOPM5TAL PROCESSES0 EXHIBIT AN 9H]5T RATIONALITY8 ,:AT'S RATIONAL AB\T GANGR5E OR CANC]8 ,BY DEF9ITION1 RELATION%IPS >E 9T]ACTIVE & %>$1 SO :AT DO !SE ADJECTIVES ADD TO :ATEV] ! ,DIRECTOR IS TRY+ TO SAY8 ,CA/+ AB\T = A DIM5SION ( REALITY :I*1 DESPITE ITS MULTIPLICITY1 UNFOLDS 9TO >TICULAT$1 9T]ACTIVE1 & %>$ RELATION%IPS1 :AT FIR/ COMES TO M9D IS CAPITALISM4 

,9 ,AN>*Y AFT] ,LEFTISM1 ,I QUOT$ ! ,DIRECTOR'S ADMISSION ?AT HIS IS 0A FAIRLY UNOR?ODOX NOTION ( REASON40.<#i#b.> ,TO SAY ! LEA/4 ,HIS BR& ( REASON1 HE SAYS1 IS DIALECTICAL1 BUT ONLY 9 ! S5SE ?AT ,I LONG AGO DEF9$ DIALECTICS1 0A ,M>XI/'S EXCUSE :5 Y\ CAT* HIM 9 A LIE40.<#i#c.> ,TO HE> ! ,DIRECTOR TALK1 :AT DIALECTICAL REASON ADDS TO ! ORD9>Y V>IETY IS ! DEVELOPM5TAL DIM5SION1 BUT NONE ( HIS BOMBA/ MAKES ANY MORE S5SE DIA*RONICALLY ?AN SYN*RONICALLY4 ,BOOK*9 D5\NCES HIS R5EGADE DISCIPLE ,JOHN ,CL>K = MI/AK+ DIALECTICS = FUNCTIONALISM1 ! NOTION ?AT 0WE CAN ID5TIFY NO S+LE CAUSE AS MORE COMPELL+ ?AN O!RS2 RA!R1 ALL POSSIBLE .<SIC.<#i#d.>.> FACTORS >E MUTUALLY DET]M9+03 0,?IS MORASS ( 'RECIPROCITY1' 9 :I* EV]Y?+ 9 ! WORLD IS 9 A RECIPROCAL RELATION%IP ) EV]Y?+ ELSE1 IS PRECISELY :AT DIALECTICAL CAUSALITY IS NOT1 UNLESS WE WANT TO EQUATE DIALECTICS ) *AOS4 ,DIALECTICS IS A PHILOSOPHY ( DEVELOPM5T1 NOT ( MUTUALLY DET]M9+ FACTORS 9 SOME K9D ( /ATIC EQUILIBRIUM4 ,AL?\< ON SOME REMOTE LEVEL1 EV]Y?+ DOES AFFECT EV]Y?+ ELSE1 SOME ?+S >E 9 FACT V]Y SIGNIFICANTLY MORE DET]M9+ ?AN O!RS4 ,P>TICUL>LY 9 .<SIC.> SOCIAL & HI/ORICAL PH5OM5A1 SOME CAUSES >E MAJOR1 :ILE O!RS >E SECOND>Y & ADV5TITI\S4#i#e ,DIALECTICAL CAUSALITY FOCUSES ON :AT IS ESS5TIAL 9 PRODUC+ *ANGE1 ON ! UND]LY+ MOTIVAT+ .<SIC.> FACTORS1 AS DI/+UI%$ FROM ! 9CID5TAL & AUXILI>Y40 ,SO !N :AT'S DIALECTICAL AB\T IT8 ,AS ,MI*AEL ,ALB]T & ,ROB9 ,HAHNEL HAVE WRITT53 0.<,M>XI/.> DIALECTICIANS HAVE NEV] BE5 ABLE TO 9DICATE EXACTLY H[ !Y SEE DIALECTICAL RELATIONS AS DIFF]5T FROM ANY ( ! MORE COMPLICAT$ COMB9ATIONS ( SIMPLE CAUSE_/EFFECT RELATIONS SU* AS CO-CAUSATION1 CUMULATIVE CAUSATION1 OR SIMULTANE\S DET]M9ATION ( A MANY V>IABLE SY/EM :]E NO V>IABLES >E ID5TIFI$ AS DEP5D5T OR 9DEP5D5T 9 ADVANCE444 !RE IS ONLY ! WORD & A LOT ( 'H& WAV+' AB\T ITS IMPORTANCE40.<#i#f.> ,PET] ,KROPOTK91 :O1 UNLIKE ,BOOK*91 WAS AN AN>*I/ & A SCI5TI/1 DISMISS$ DIALECTICS AS UNSCI5TIFIC4.<#i#g.> 

0,OBJECTIVE E?ICS10 ! DIRECTIONALITY ( NATURE1 HUMANITY AS 0SECOND NATURE10 >TICULAT$ MULTIPLICITY1 COLLECTIVE CONSCI\SNESS1 0! ACTUALIZATION ( RATIONALLY UNFOLD+ POT5TIALITIES0 -- ALL ?IS J>GON & GIBB]I% M>KS MUCID ,MURRAY AS A MY/IC4 ,HIS PSEUDO-SY/EM IS EXACTLY :AT ,M>X SAID ,HEGEL'S PHILOSOPHY WAS3 0LOGICAL1 PAN!I/IC MY/ICISM10.<#i#h.> ONLY LESS LOGICAL4 ,! ,DIRECTOR MAY NOT REF] TO ,GOD BY NAME1 BUT HIS AB/RACT UNIV]SAL PR9CIPLE ( DIRECTIONAL DEVELOPM5T1 EV] MORE CONSCI\S & MA/]+ ( ITS NATURE & DE/9Y1 IS ! ,WORLD-,SPIRIT :I* ,HEGEL ID5TIFI$ ) ! ,*RI/IAN ,GOD4.<#i#i.> ,IF IT LOOKS LIKE A ,GOD1 ACTS LIKE A ,GOD1 & 7?R\< ,HIS ORACLE1 ! ,DIRECTOR7 QUACKS LIKE A ,GOD1 IT'S PROBABLY ,GOD1 UP TO ,HIS OLD TRICKS4 ,PUTT+ ANO!R NAME ON ,HIM1 OR ,IT1 OR NOT NAM+ ,IT AT ALL1 MAKES NO DIFF]5CE4 ,*RI/IANS SAY ,GOD1 ,JEWS SAY ,YAHWEH1 & ,MUSLIMS SAY ,ALLAH1 BUT !Y >E ALL !I/S & MONO!I/S1 & SO IS ,BOOK*94 

,EV5 IF NONE ( HIS O!R DOCTR9ES DID1 ! ,DIRECTOR'S MORALISM W\LD DISCR$IT HIM AS A RATIONALI/4 ,!RE IS NO SU* ?+ AS AN 0OBJECTIVE E?ICS40 ,:AT IS PASS$ (F 9 C]TA9 TIMES & PLACES AS OBJECTIVELY TRUE MORALITY IS ONLY ! MORALITY :I* !N & !RE IS POPUL> OR IMPOS$ BY P[]4 ,NO MATT] H[ F> Y\ RANGE ACROSS SPACE & TIME1 Y\ WILL NEV] F9D A UNIV]SALLY ACCEPT$ MORAL T5ET -- & EV5 IF Y\ DID1 ?AT W\LDN'T PROVE ?AT IT WAS OBJECTIVELY TRUE1 ONLY ?AT EV]YBODY TILL N[ HAPP5S TO BELIEVE 9 IT1 A CONS5SUS EASILY %ATT]$ BY ! FIR/ SKEPTIC4 ,!RE MU/ HAVE BE5 A TIME :5 EV]YONE BELIEV$ ?AT ! SUN REVOLV$ >\ND ! E>?1 BUT IT WAS NEV] TRUE4 ,! ONLY UNIV]SALLY TRUE G5]ALIZATION AB\T MORAL PROPOSITIONS IS ?AT !Y EXPRESS ! SUBJECTIVE VALUES ( ?OSE :O BELIEVE 9 !M 7?IS IS ! 0EMOTIVE0 !ORY ( E?ICS74.<#a.> ,?IS IS ONE RESPECT 9 :I* ,BOOK*9'S REGRESSION TO ,M>XISM HAS NOT GONE F> 5\<1 = ,M>X & ,5GELS NOTIC$ E>LY ON ?AT MORALITY WAS NOT ONLY SUBJECTIVE1 IT WAS USUALLY RELATIVE TO CLASS 9T]E/S4 

,AS USUAL ) ,BOOK*9'S DI*OTOMIES1 HIS MORALISM_/AMORALISM DI/9CTION FAILS TO MAT* UP ) HIS ,SOCIAL ,AN>*ISM_/,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*ISM DI/9CTION4 ,SOME ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*I/S1 SU* AS ,DAVID ,WATSON1 ALSO SUBSCRIBE TO OBJECTIVE MORALISM4 ,& SOME ,SOCIAL ,AN>*I/S REJECT IT1 SU* AS ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN4 ,9 H] ESSAY 0,VICTIMS ( ,MORALITY10 AN>*O-COMMUNI/ ,GOLDMAN D5\NC$ ! UMIMPEA*ABLE 0,LIE ( ,MORALITY03 0NO O!R SUP]/ITION IS SO DETRIM5TAL TO GR[?1 SO 5]VAT+ & P>ALYZ+ TO ! M9DS & HE>TS ( ! PEOPLE1 AS ! SUP]/ITION ( ,MORALITY40.<#a#a.> ,I DO NOT PROPOSE TO REHA% H]E MY [N CRITIQUE ( MORALISM OR ?AT ( ANY AN>*I/ OR ,M>XI/ OR ,SITUATIONI/4 ,I REF] ! 9T]E/$ READ] TO ,/IRN] & ,NIETZS*E AMONG MANY O!RS4 ,BOOK*9 HAS NEV] BO!R$ TO PROVIDE1 OR EV5 PURPORT TO PROVIDE1 A RATIONAL BASIS = A BELIEF OBVI\SLY D]IV$ FROM REVEAL$ RELIGION4 

,:AT ,BOOK*9 DESCRIBES IS DET]M9ISM1 NOT DIALECTICS4 ,IT'S :AT ,M>X CALL$ ME*ANICAL MAT]IALISM4 ,! DI/9CTIVE FEATURE ( DIALECTICAL REASON+ IS ! PROGRESSIVE APPROXIMATION TO TRU? ?R\< ! CLA% ( OPPOSITES & !IR SUP]SESSION3 0,TRU? EXI/S NOT 9 UNITY )1 BUT 9 REFUTATION ( ITS OPPOSITE4 ,DIALECTICS IS NOT A MONOLOGUE ?AT SPECULATION C>RIES ON ) ITSELF1 BUT A DIALOGUE BETWE5 SPECULATION & EMPIRICAL REALITY0 7,FEU]BA*74.<#a#b.> ,!RE IS NO?+ LIKE ?AT 9 ,BOOK*94 ,! ,DIRECTOR IS PR$ICTABLY WRA?FUL AT ,WATSON'S LIK5+ HIS DIALECTIC TO ,/AL9'S1 BUT ! COMP>ISON IS APT4 ,BO? ,L59I/S1 ,/AL9 & ,BOOK*91 DEPLOY ! J>GON ( DIALECTICS TO JU/IFY !IR ABRUPT IDEOLOGICAL REV]SALS1 !IR OPPORTUNI/IC *ANGES ( 0L9E40 

,BOOK*9'S DIALECTICAL NATURALISM MAY BE RE/AT$ AS FOLL[S3 NATURE FOLL[S A 0LAW ( EVOLUTION0 CONSI/+ ( 0AN 9TEGRATION ( MATT] & CONCOMITANT DISSIPATION ( MOTION2 DUR+ :I* ! MATT] PASSES FROM AN 9DEF9ITE 9COH]5T HOMOG5EITY TO A DEF9ITE COH]5T HET]OG5EITY2 & DUR+ :I* ! RETA9$ MOTION UND]GOES A P>ALLEL TRANS=MATION40.<#a#c.> ,H]B]T ,SP5C]1 HI< PRIE/ ( ,SOCIAL ,D>W9ISM & LAISSEZ-FAIRE CAPITALISM1 FIR/ PUBLI%$ !SE WORDS 9 #a#h#f#d4.<#a#d.> ,!RE IS SOME?+ DEVELOPM5TAL BUT NO?+ DIALECTICAL AB\T ,SP5C]'S 0RIGID & ME*ANICAL0 =MULA4.<#a#e.> ,& ITS POLITICAL IMPLICATIONS >E AS CONS]VATIVE AS ,SP5C] WAS4 ,9DU/RIAL CAPITALISM ) ITS SOCIAL DIVISION ( LABOR IS ! SUPREME EXAMPLE ( DEF9ITE COH]5T HET]OG5EITY4 ,9 ! WORDS ( ,SP5C]'S DISCIPLE ,WILLIAM ,GRAHAM ,SUMN]1 0! S5TIM5TALI/S HAVE BE5 PREA*+ = A C5TURY NOTIONS ( RI<TS & EQUALITY1 ( ! DIGNITY1 WISDOM & P[] ( ! PROLET>IAT1 :I* HAVE FILL$ ! M9DS ( IGNORANT M5 ) IMPOSSIBLE DREAMS40 ,SOCIETY MU/ BE LEFT ALONE TO WORK \T ITS DE/9Y1 0?R\< H>D WORK & SELF-D5IAL 79 TE*NICAL LANGUAGE1 LABOR & CAPITAL740 ,%\LD WE >RIVE AT 0SOCIALISM1 COMMUNISM1 & NIHILISM10 0! FAIRE/ CONQUE/S ( CIVILIZATION0 WILL BE LO/ TO CLASS W> OR MOB RULE4.<#a#f.> 

,AS IS TYPICAL ( ,/AL9I/ DISPUTATION1 VULG> DET]M9ISM 9 ! AB/RACT ACCOMPANIES AN OPPORTUNI/IC VOLUNT>ISM 9 PRACTICE4 ,9 ,GEORGE ,ORWELL'S #a#i#h#d1 ONE DAY ,OCEANIA W\LD BE AT W> ) ,EURASIA -- IT HAD ALWAYS BE5 AT W> ) ,EURASIA -- ! NEXT DAY1 ,OCEANIA W\LD BE AT W> ) ,EA/ASIA1 HAD ALWAYS BE5 AT W> ) ,EA/ASIA4.<#a#g.> ,IT IS ! SAME ) ,JOHN ,CL>K1 ! ,DIRECTOR'S ,EMMANUEL ,GOLD/E94 ,BOOK*9 SAYS ?AT 0IT IS DIFFICULT TO BELIEVE ?AT FROM ! MID-#a#i#gS UNTIL E>LY #a#i#i#c1 ! AU?OR WAS A CLOSE ASSOCIATE ( M9E10 ?AT !Y 0HAD A P]SONAL FRI5D%IP ?AT LA/$ ALMO/ TWO DECADES40 ,BETRAY$ & 9SULT$ BY HIS ]/:ILE ACOLYTE1 ! ,DIRECTOR SAYS3 0,H[ C\LD ,CL>K HAVE SO COMPLETELY MISJUDG$ ME = ALMO/ TWO DECADES80 ,A BETT] QUE/ION IS3 H[ C\LD ,BOOK*9 ! ,GREAT HAVE SO COMPLETELY MISJUDG$ ,CL>K1 HIS 9TELLECTUAL 9F]IOR1 = ALMO/ TWO DECADES8 ,H[ C\LD SO PR9CIPL$ & P5ETRAT+ AN 9TELLECT AS ,BOOK*9'S HAVE FAIL$ = SO LONG TO DETECT ?IS SNAKE 9 ! GRASS8 ,! ,DIRECTOR'S ANSW]1 SU* AS IT IS1 IS ,ORWELLIAN4 0,\R IDEAS10 HE SAYS1 09DE$1 \R WAYS ( ?9K+1 >E BASICALLY 9COMPATIBLE03 0,I C\LD NEV] ACCEPT ,CL>K'S ,TAOISM AS P>T ( SOCIAL ECOLOGY40 ,& YET1 ! ,DIRECTOR CONT9UES1 0DESPITE ! REPUGNANCE ,I FELT = SOME ( HIS IDEAS1 ,I NEV] WROTE A L9E AGA9/ ,CL>K 9 PUBLIC0 -- NOT UNTIL HE HAD NO FUR!R USE = ,CL>K1 OR ,CL>K HAD NO FUR!R USE = HIM4 ,BOOK*9ISM IS BASICALLY 9COMPATIBLE ) ,CL>KISM1 />T+ TODAY4 ,BOOK*9ISM HAS ALWAYS BE5 BASICALLY 9COMPATIBLE ) ,CL>KISM1 />T+ TODAY4 ,OCEANIA HAS ALWAYS BE5 AT W> ) ,EA/ASIA1 />T+ TODAY4 

,I HAVE NO 9T]E/ 9 DEF5D+ ,CL>K1 :O IS AT LEA/ AS MU* 9 NE$ ( EXCUSES AS ,BOOK*9 = !IR LONG-T]M RELATION%IP4 ,& ,TAOISM IS SO P]IPH]AL TO AN>*ISM ?AT H[ RECONCILABLE !Y MAY BE H>DLY MATT]S TO ME4 ,BUT !RE'S SOME?+ IMPORTANT1 & DI/URB+1 AB\T ! WAY ! ,DIRECTOR IS GO+ AB\T DISCR$IT+ ,CL>K4 ,CL>K1 SAYS ,BOOK*91 CAME TO AN>*ISM FROM ! RI<T1 HE WAS 0NEV] A SOCIALI/40 ,AS A Y\NG MAN1 ,CL>K WAS A 0RI<T-W+ ANTI-/ATI/10 A ,GOLDWAT] ,REPUBLICAN 9 #a#i#f#d3 0,CAUSES SU* AS ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T1 COLLECTIVISM1 SOCIALI/ 9SURRECTION1 & CLASS /RUGGLE1 NOT TO M5TION .<SO :Y DOES HE M5TION !M8.> ! REVOLUTION>Y SOCIALI/ & AN>*I/ TRADITIONS1 W\LD HAVE BE5 COMPLETELY ALI5 TO HIM AS A Y\?2 !Y W]E C]TA9LY REPUGNANT TO ! RI<T-W+ IDEOLOGUES ( ! MID-#a#i#fS1 :O AFFLICT$ .<SIC.> LEFTI/S ) CONS]VATISM1 CULTURAL CONV5TIONALITY1 & EV5 R$-BAIT+40 7,! LA/ P>T ( ! S5T5CE MAKES NO S5SE1 BUT ! QUOTATION IS ACCURATE47.<#a#h.> 

,ASSUM+ ALL ?AT TO BE TRUE1 :AT >E ! IMPLICATIONS = AN>*I/ REVOLUTION8 ,APP>5TLY1 ANYBODY :O HAS NEV] BE5 AN OLD-FA%ION$ REVOLUTION>Y LEFTI/ CAN NEV] BE1 OR BE TRU/$ TO BE1 A REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/4 ,BOOK*91 :O ACCUSES ,CL>K & O!R ALLEG$ ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*I/S ( ELITISM1 IS IMPOS+ A SEV]ELY LIMIT$1 EXCLUSIVI/ 5TRANCE REQUIREM5T ON ! MILLIONS ( ,AM]ICANS :O1 HE CLAIMS1 >E IT*+ = AN>*I/ REVOLUTION4 ,! ,DIRECTOR IS ! ELITI/4 ,!RE >E V]Y FEW LIV+ ,AM]ICANS :O HAVE EV] BE5 SOCIALI/S OR LEFT-AN>*I/S4 ,9 OP9ION POLLS1 TWICE AS MANY ,AM]ICANS ID5TIFY !MSELVES AS CONS]VATIVES ?AN AS LIB]ALS1 & LIB]ALS >E WELL TO ! RI<T ( ! FEW PEOPLE :O ID5TIFY !MSELVES AS LEFTI/S 70PROGRESSIVES0 IS ! CURR5T EUPHEMISM74 ,IF A RI<T-W+ BACKGR\ND DISQUALIFIES ONE AS A REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/1 !N !RE WILL BE NO ,AM]ICAN AN>*I/ REVOLUTION1 BECAUSE !RE JU/ WON'T BE 5\< REVOLUTION>IES4 ,SO LONG AS IDEOLOGUES LIKE ,BOOK*9 CONT9UE TO ?9K 9 T]MS ( LEFT & RI<T1 SO LONG AS !Y QU>REL ON ?OSE T]MS1 ! RI<T WILL ALWAYS W91 OR IF ! LEFT W9S1 IT WON'T MAKE MU* DIFF]5CE4 ,BOOK*9'S NO/ALGIA = ! ,LEFT ,?AT ,WAS IS LIT]ALLY REACTION>Y4 

,NEGATIVE & ,POSITIVE ,FRE$OM 

,SOME ( ! ,DIRECTOR'S READ]S MU/ BE PUZZL$ BY HIS T]MS NEGATIVE & POSITIVE FRE$OM1 ESPECIALLY IF !Y KN[ :AT !Y MEAN4 ,NEGATIVE FRE$OM IS 0LIB]TY FROM10 POSITIVE FRE$OM IS 0A FLE%$-\T CONCEPT ( FRE$OM =40 ,BOOK*9 DOES NOT DEF9E !SE OPAQUE EXPRESSIONS1 HE SIMPLY ASSIGNS !M AS GANG COLORS4 ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*I/S 0CELEBRATE0 NEGATIVE FRE$OM -- ALSO KN[N AS AUTONOMY -- 9 KEEP+ ) !IR B\RGEOIS 9DIVIDUALI/ LIB]AL H]ITAGE4 ,SOCIAL ,AN>*ISM1 9 CONTRA/1 0ESP\SES A SUB/ANTIVE 'FRE$OM TO4'0.<#a#i.> ,IT 0SEEKS TO CREATE A FREE SOCIETY1 9 :I* HUMANITY AS A :OLE -- & H5CE ! 9DIVIDUAL AS WELL -- 5JOYS ! ADVANTAGES ( FREE POLITICAL & ECONOMIC 9/ITUTIONS40 ,! ,DIRECTOR HAS MADE A CATEGORY MI/AKE4 ,:AT A CONCEPTION ( FRE$OM MEANS & :AT K9D ( SOCIETY W\LD REALIZE IT >E QUE/IONS ( A DIFF]5T ORD]4 ,& !SE P>TICUL> =MULATIONS >E ALSO EMPIRICALLY FALSE 9 OBVI\S WAYS4 ,! CELEBRATION ( 9DIVIDUAL FRE$OM IS NOT ! DEF9ITION ( ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*ISM1 = LIB]ALS & LAISSEZ-FAIRE LIB]T>IANS ALSO CELEBRATE 9DIVIDUAL FRE$OM1 BUT !Y >E NOT AN>*I/S4.<#a#a.> ,! QUE/ = A FREE SOCIETY CANNOT DEF9E ,SOCIAL ,AN>*ISM1 =1 AS ,BOOK*9 SAYS1 0MANY LIFE/YLE AN>*I/S EAG]LY PLUNGE 9TO DIRECT ACTIONS ?AT >E O/5SIBLY 9T5D$ TO A*IEVE SOCIALI/IC GOALS40.<#a#a#a.> ,SOCIAL ,AN>*I/S MAY BE RI<T & ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*I/S MAY BE WRONG1 BUT NOT BY DEF9ITION1 ESPECIALLY 9 ! ABS5CE ( DEF9ITIONS4 

,AL?\< HE NEV] EXPLA9S :AT !SE PHRASES MEAN1 ! ,DIRECTOR DOES SAY :]E HE GOT !M3 ,SIR ,ISAIAH ,B]L9'S WELL-KN[N ESSAY 0,TWO ,CONCEPTS ( ,LIB]TY40.<#a#a#b.> ,AL?\< ?IS =CEFUL POLEMIC WAS AT ONE TIME MU* DISCUSS$ BY PHILOSOPH]S1 IT NEV] QUITE MADE ! DI/9CTION CLE>4 ,G5]ALLY1 NEGATIVE FRE$OM MEANS FRE$OM FROM PREV5TION ( ACTION1 FROM 9T]F]5CE1 OR AS ,JOHN ,P4 ,CL>K SAYS1 0FRE$OM FROM CO]CION40.<#a#a#c.> ,POSITIVE FRE$OM IS ! FRE$OM -- ,I ?9K 0CAPABILITY0 OR 0P[]0 IS ! BETT] WORD -- TO ACCOMPLI% ONE'S PURPOSES4 ,! READ] :O F9DS ?IS CONFUS+ OR HAIRSPLITT+ HAS MY SYMPA?Y4 ,:AT USE IS FRE$OM ( *OICE ) NO?+ WOR? *OOS+8 ,H[ IS ! P[] TO ACT POSSIBLE )\T SOME PROTECTION FROM 9T]F]5CE8 ,I AM P]SUAD$ BY ,G]ALD ,C4 ,MAC,CALLUM'S >GUM5T 0TO REG>D FRE$OM AS ALWAYS ONE & ! SAME TRIADIC RELATION1 BUT RECOGNIZE ?AT V>I\S CONT5D+ P>TIES DISAGREE ) EA* O!R 9 :AT !Y UND]/& TO BE ! RANGES ( ! T]M V>IABLES40 ,FRE$OM IS A RELATION%IP AMONG AN AG5T1 0'PREV5T+ CONDITIONS' .<SU*.> AS CON/RA9TS1 RE/RICTIONS1 9T]F]5CES1 & B>RI]S10 & 0ACTIONS OR CONDITIONS ( *>ACT] OR CIRCUM/ANCE40.<#a#a#d.> 

,:AT ,SIR ,ISAIAH DID MAKE QUITE CLE> WAS HIS JUDGM5T AS TO ! POLITICAL IMPLICATIONS ( ! TWO CONCEPTS4 ,HE WAS WRIT+ DUR+ ! ,COLD ,W> & HE WAS /RONGLY COMMITT$ TO ! ,WE/4 ,NEGATIVE FRE$OM IMPLIES LIMITS ON /ATE ACTION1 BUT POSITIVE FRE$OM IS TOTALIT>IAN 9 T5D5CY4.<#a#a#e.> ,AT LEA/ S9CE ,R\SSEAU1 MANY !ORI/S ( POSITIVE FRE$OM HAVE1 LIKE ,BOOK*91 EQUAT$ FRE$OM ) ID5TIFICATION ) ! G5]AL WILL4 ,REAL FRE$OM CONSI/S1 NOT 9 UNCON/RA9$ 9DIVIDUAL 9DULG5CE1 BUT 9 FULFILL+ ONE'S -- OR EV]YONE'S -- TRUE NATURE4 ,9 ! CASE ( HUMANS1 RIS+ ABOVE !IR ANIMAL ORIG9S1 SELF-REALIZATION OCCURS 9 & ?R\< ! SOCIAL :OLE4 ,AS ,BOOK*9 HAS APPROV+LY WRITT51 0,BAKUN9 EMPHATICALLY PRIORITIZ$ ! SOCIAL OV] ! 9DIVIDUAL40.<#a#a#f.> ,IT CAN HAPP5 ?AT ! 9DIVIDUAL1 AS ,R\SSEAU PUT IT1 CAN & %\LD BE =C$ TO BE FREE4 ,I DO NOT C>E = ! PROSPECT ( SOCIETY PRIORITIZ+ ME4 ,NEGATIVE FRE$OM IS NOT NECESS>ILY AN>*I/ -- ,B]L9 IS NO AN>*I/ -- BUT POSITIVE FRE$OM1 HE ?9KS1 IS NECESS>ILY AU?ORIT>IAN4 ,?IS ( C\RSE IS DIAMETRICALLY OPPOS$ TO ,BOOK*9'S USE ( ! DI/9CTION1 :I* EXPLA9S :Y ,BOOK*9 KEEPS ! SPECIFICS ( ,B]L9'S >GUM5T \T ( HIS [N4 

,B]L9'S [N C5SUS ( MAJOR PHILOSOPH]S ( FRE$OM %[S ?AT HIS DI/9CTION IS NO PR$ICTOR ( !IR POLITICS4 ,ADH]5TS ( NEGATIVE FRE$OM 9CLUDE ,OCCAM1 ,]ASMUS1 ,HOBBES1 ,LOCKE1 ,B5?AM1 ,CON/ANT1 ,J4,S4 ,MILL1 ,TOCQUEVILLE1 ,JEFF]SON1 ,BURKE1 & ,PA9E4 ,ADH]5TS ( POSITIVE FRE$OM 9CLUDE ,PLATO1 ,EPICTETUS1 ,/4 ,AMBROSE1 ,MONTESQUIEU1 ,SP9OZA1 ,KANT1 ,H]D]1 ,R\SSEAU1 ,HEGEL1 ,FI*TE1 ,M>X1 ,BUKH>91 ,COMTE1 ,C>LYLE1 ,T4,H4 ,GRE51 ,BRADLEY1 & ,BOSANQUET4.<#a#a#g.> ,BOOK*9 HAS ACCUS$ ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*I/S ( P]PETUAT+ ! P]NICI\S ,G]MAN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITION :I* L$ FROM ,FI*TE & ,KANT ?R\< ,/IRN] TO ,HEIDEGG] & ,HITL]4.<#a#a#h.> 7,= OBVI\SLY SELF-S]V+ REASONS HE SKIPS OV] ,HEGEL & ,M>X1 & DOES NOT REM9D ! READ] ( HIS =M] ADMIRATION = 0,FI*TE'S /IRR+ PROSE407 ,ALL !SE G5TLEM5 ADH]$1 AS DOES ,BOOK*91 TO ! POSITIVE CONCEPT ( FRE$OM4 

,= ,BOOK*91 ( ALL ! MALIGNANT 9FLU5CES ON ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*ISM1 ,MAX ,/IRN] SEEMS TO BE ! WOR/4 ,/IRN] ) HIS 9DIVIDUALI/1 >ATIONAL1 AMORAL EGOISM EPITOMIZES MORE ( :AT ,BOOK*9 LOA!S ?AN ANY O!R CLASSICAL AN>*I/ ?9K]4 ,9 #a#i#g#f1 ! ,DIRECTOR'S DISCIPLE ,JOHN ,CL>K DEVOT$ AN 5TIRE BOOK TO REFUT+ ,/IRN]'S H]ESIES1 :I* HAD NOT RECEIV$ SO MU* HO/ILE ATT5TION S9CE ,M>X & ,5GELS WROTE ,! ,G]MAN ,IDEOLOGY #ac YE>S BE=E4 ,/IRN]1 !N1 %\LD BE AN EXPON5T1 MAYBE ! ULTIMATE EXPON5T ( NEGATIVE FRE$OM4 ,RA!R HE IS ! ULTIMATE EXPON5T ( POSITIVE FRE$OM3 0,:O IS IT ?AT IS TO BECOME FREE8 ,Y\1 ,I1 WE4 ,I1 !RE=E1 AM ! K]NEL ?AT IS TO BE DELIV]$ FROM ALL WRAPP+S & -- FRE$ FROM ALL CRAMP+ %ELLS4 ,:AT IS LEFT :5 ,I HAVE BE5 FRE$ FROM EV]Y?+ ?AT IS NOT ,I8 ,ONLY ,I2 NO?+ BUT ,I4 ,BUT FRE$OM HAS NO?+ FUR!R TO (F] TO ?IS ,I HIMSELF4 ,AS TO :AT IS N[ TO HAPP5 FUR!R AFT] ,I HAVE BECOME FREE1 FRE$OM IS SIL5T -- AS \R GOV]NM5TS1 :5 ! PRISON]'S TIME IS UP1 M]ELY LET HIM GO1 ?RU/+ HIM \T 9TO AB&ONM5T40.<#a#a#i.> ,= ,/IRN] AS = ,BOOK*91 NEGATIVE FRE$OM IS 9SUFFICI5T AT BE/1 A =MALI/IC MOCK]Y AT WOR/4.<#a#b.> ,:AT ,BOOK*9 CALLS POSITIVE FRE$OM1 ,/IRN] CALLS 0[NNESS0 7DIE ,EIG5HEIT73 0,I HAVE NO OBJECTION TO FRE$OM1 BUT ,I WI% MORE ?AN FRE$OM = Y\3 Y\ %\LD NOT M]ELY BE RID ( :AT Y\ DO NOT WANT2 Y\ %\LD NOT ONLY BE A 'FREEMAN1' Y\ %\LD BE AN '[N] .<,EIGN].>' TOO40.<#a#b#a.> 

,EV5 IF IT HAS SOME UTILITY 9 O!R CONTEXTS1 ! DI/9CTION BETWE5 POSITIVE & NEGATIVE FRE$OM DOES NO?+ TO DIFF]5TIATE ,SOCIAL ,AN>*ISM & ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*ISM4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 AS ,JOHN ,CL>K SAYS1 0AN>*ISM IS ! ONE MAJOR POLITICAL !ORY :I* HAS ATTEMPT$ TO SYN!SIZE ! VALUES ( NEGATIVE & POSITIVE FRE$OM 9TO A S+LE1 MORE COMPREH5SIVE VIEW ( HUMAN LIB]TY40.<#a#b#b.> ,BOOK*9 HAS NEV] DEMON/RAT$ ?AT ANY ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*I/ ESP\SES NEGATIVE FRE$OM TO ! EXCLUSION ( POSITIVE FRE$OM4 ,HIS MISAPPROPRIATES ! DI/9CTION TO TRY TO 9FUSE SOME CONT5T 9TO HIS [N 9COH]5T DI*OTOMY BETWE5 ,SOCIAL ,AN>*ISM & ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*ISM1 BUT ! 9FUSION DOES NOT RELIEVE ! CONFUSION4 ,! ,DIRECTOR IS1 AS SO (T51 %[+ (F BY PRET5D+ TO BE MORE KN[+ ?AN HE REALLY IS4 

,MURRAY ,BOOK*91 ,ONE-,DIM5SIONAL ,MAN 

,MY FIR/ TIME >\ND1 9 ,AN>*Y AFT] ,LEFTISM1 ,I GAVE ,BOOK*9'S HI/ORY ( REC5T AN>*ISM ! SCANT ATT5TION IT DES]VES4 ,?IS TIME ,I'LL SCRUT9IZE IT 9 MORE DETAIL4 ,BASICALLY IT GOES LIKE ?IS4 ,AT ! ECONOMIC BASE1 !RE >E P]IODS ( 0APP>5T CAPITALI/ /ABILIZATION0 OR 0CAPITALI/ /ABILITY10 ( 0SOCIAL PEACE10 & !N !RE >E P]IODS ( 0DEEP SOCIAL UNRE/10 SOMETIMES GIV+ RISE TO 0REVOLUTION>Y SITUATIONS40 ,:5 CAPITALISM IS CRISIS-RIDD51 ,SOCIAL ,AN>*ISM 0HAS USUALLY HELD C5T] /AGE0 AS F> AS AN>*ISM GOES4 ,:5 CAPITALISM IS1 OR SEEMS TO BE1 /ABILIZ$ -- ! AMBIGUITY IS A BIG HELP TO ! >GUM5T -- !N ! ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*I/S COME TO ! =E TO FLAUNT !IR CULTURAL & 9DIVIDUAL ECC5TRICITIES4 

,! FIR/ ?+ TO BE SAID AB\T ?IS ANALYSIS IS ?AT IT READS MORE LIKE A JU/IFICATION ?AN A CRITIQUE ( ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*ISM4 ,IT LOOKS MORE LIKE A REASONABLE SOCIAL DIVISION ( LABOR BETWE5 :AT ! ,DIRECTOR CALLS ! TWO 0EXTREMES40 ,:5 SOCIAL REVOLUTION IS A POSSIBILITY1 LET ?OSE SO DISPOS$ LEAD ! WAY4 ,:5 REVOLUTION IS NOT ON HI/ORY'S AG5DA1 IT MAKES S5SE TO UPHOLD ! BLACK FLAG ON ! CULTURAL & 9DIVIDUAL T]RA9S4 ,BETT] ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*ISM ?AN NO AN>*ISM AT ALL 7AL?\< ,BOOK*9 W\LD SURELY DISAGREE74 ,SOMEBODY HAS TO KEEP ALIVE :AT ! ,SPANI% AN>*I/S CALL$ 0! IDEA0 9 A CLIMATE ( SOCIAL REACTION4 

,BUT ?AT WAS JU/ ! FIR/ ?+4 ,H]E'S ! SECOND3 A TIME ( CAPITALI/ /ABILIZATION CAN ALSO BE A TIME ( SOCIAL UNRE/4 ,! #a#i'S & ! #a#i#f'S W]E P]IODS ( PROSP]ITY & PROTE/ 7BO? LIB]AL & RADICAL74 ,9 ! YE>S BE=E ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD ,W>1 AN>*O-COMMUNI/S & ESPECIALLY AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S W]E AS CONSPICU\S AS !Y W\LD EV] BE 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES & SEV]AL O!R C\NTRIES4 ,S9CE ,BOOK*9'S !SIS IS EMPIRICALLY 9CONSI/5T1 Y\ CAN READ ?IS FACT AS EI!R PROV+ OR DISPROV+ IT1 :I* IS JU/ TO SAY ?AT ! !SIS IS UNV]IFIABLE1 UNFALSIFIABLE & MEAN+LESS4 ,AS = ! #a#i#f'S1 !RE IS AN UNBRIDGEABLE *ASM BETWE5 ,BOOK*9'S REC5T JUNK ,M>XISM & HIS [N E>LI]1 ACCURATE CONCLUSION ?AT #f'S UNRE/ WAS IMPORTANT PRECISELY BECAUSE IT WAS NOT ! REFLEX ( AN ECONOMIC CRISIS1 BUT RA!R A QUALITATIVE CRISIS ( EV]YDAY LIFE4 ,! ,MAY-,JUNE #aifh UPRIS+ 9 ,FRANCE 0EXPLOD$ ! MY? ?AT ! WEAL? & RES\RCES ( MOD]N 9DU/RIAL SOCIETY CAN BE US$ TO ABSORB ALL REVOLUTION>Y OPPOSITION40.<#a#b#c.> ,9EXPLICABLY1 9 ! #a#i#g'S ! SAME WEAL? & RES\RCES UND]WROTE A P]IOD ( POPUL> QUIESC5CE & SOCIAL REACTION :I* P]SI/S TO ?IS DAY4 

,NO MATT] :I* DET]M9ANT ( AN>*I/ =TUNES Y\ GET \T ( ,BOOK*9 -- 0CAPITALI/ /ABILIZATION0 OR 0SOCIAL UNRE/0 -- IT FAILS AS AN EXPLANATION4 ,IF Y\ GO = CAPITALI/ /ABILIZATION1 ?AT EXPLA9S :Y 7AS HE CONC$ES7 ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*ISM WAS MORE 9FLU5TIAL ?AN ,SOCIAL ,AN>*ISM 9 ! #f'S1 BUT FAILS TO EXPLA9 :Y ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*ISM 9CREAS$ ITS LEAD OV] ,SOCIAL ,AN>*ISM ?R\< ! #a#i#g'S1 A P]IOD ( RECESSION & RETR5*M5T4 ,?AT WAS ! DECADE 9 :I* EM]G$ SU* ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*I/ !MES AS PRIMITIVISM1 ANTI-ORGANIZATION1 Z][ORK1 & ! CRITIQUE ( TE*NOLOGY4 ,BOOK*9 IS EV5 LESS ( AN ECONOMI/ ?AN HE IS AN ECOLOGI/1 SO IT'S H>D TO TELL :AT HE MEANS BY CAPITALI/ /ABILIZATION4 ,IT'S QUITE A CAPACI\S CONCEPT IF IT 5COMPASSES ! RECESSION ( ! E>LY #g'S & ! PROSP]ITY ( ! LATE #i'S4 ,! SUSPICION >ISES ?AT ?IS IS NOT AN ECONOMIC CONCEPT AT ALL1 BUT RA!R A SYNONYM = SOCIAL REACTION & AN ANTONYM = SOCIAL UNRE/4 

,! SOCIAL UNRE/ EXPLANATION IS EQUALLY FLAW$4 ,ACCORD+ TO ?IS !ORY1 ,SOCIAL ,AN>*ISM %\LD HAVE DOM9AT$ 9 ! #a#i#f'S & ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*ISM !REAFT]1 ) A RESURG5CE ( ,SOCIAL ,AN>*ISM 9 ! #i'S :51 ! ,DIRECTOR ASSURES US1 ! SY/EM IS CREAT+ 0MASS DISCONT5T40.<#a#b#d.> ,?AT'S NOT :AT HAPP5$2 ?AT'S NOT EV5 :AT ,BOOK*9 SAYS HAPP5$4 ,RA!R1 = ?IRTY YE>S OR MORE1 9 TIMES ( PROTE/ AS 9 TIMES ( PRIVATISM1 ! ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*I/S HAVE GA9$ ON ! ,SOCIAL ,AN>*I/S4 ,?AT IS EXACTLY :AT ,BOOK*9 IS COMPLA9+ AB\T4 ,! ,DIRECTOR'S !SIS1 9 EI!R V]SION1 DOES NOT MEET ! TE/S ( REASON OR EXP]I5CE4 

,H]E IS A MORE ACCURATE DESCRIPTION ( ! LA/ #d YE>S ( ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN AN>*I/ HI/ORY4.<#a#b#e.> ,9 #a#i#f1 AN>*ISM WAS DY+ & NE>LY DEAD4 ,BY !N1 ACCORD+ TO ,GEORGE ,WOODCOCK -- :O ONCE BELIEV$ 9 IT -- AN>*ISM WAS 0A <O/ ?AT 9SPIRES NEI!R FE> AMONG GOV]NM5TS NOR HOPE AMONG PEOPLES NOR EV5 9T]E/ AMONG NEWSPAP]M540 ,MOREOV]1 0NOR IS !RE ANY REASONABLE LIKELIHOOD ( A R5AISSANCE ( AN>*ISM AS WE HAVE KN[N IT S9CE ! F\NDATION ( ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL 9 #a#h#f#d2 HI/ORY SUGGE/S ?AT MOVEM5TS :I* FAIL TO TAKE ! *ANCES IT (F]S !M >E NEV] BORN AGA940.<#a#b#f.> ,9 #a#i#f#f1 TWO ACADEMICS :O SET \T 0TO TAKE AN>*ISM S]I\SLY0 -- & DID -- NONE!LESS ACKN[L$G$ ?AT 0FEW TODAY 5T]TA9 EI!R HOPE OR FE> ?AT GOV]NM5T MI<T BE ABOLI%$ AS EASILY AS IT WAS CALL$ 9TO BE+40.<#a#b#g.> ,AFT] #d YE>S ( DECL9E1 AN>*ISM WAS A HI/ORICAL CURIOSITY NOT F> FROM SUFF]+ ! FATE ( ! ,%AK]S4 

,9 #a#i#f#g1 ,WOODCOCK RECONSID]$4 ,!RE WAS /ILL NO 0OBVI\S0 -- HE %\LD HAVE SAID 0OV]T0 OR 0AV[$0 -- AN>*I/ REVIVAL1 BUT HE DETECT$ AN AN>*I/ 9FLU5CE 9 ,AM]ICA ON ! ,NEW ,LEFT & ESPECIALLY ! C\NT]-CULTURE4.<#a#b#h.> ,BUT ?IS AN>*ISM1 HE ?\<T1 WAS NOT ! REVIVAL ( ! CLASSICAL IDEOLOGY BUT SOME?+ NEW4 ,HE WAS RI<T4 ,! NEW AN>*ISM DEVELOP$1 NOT \T ( ! OLD V]SIONS1 BUT \T ( ! Y\? CULTURE4.<#a#b#i.> ,IT C\LD DO SO BECAUSE ! Y\? CULTURE'S T5D5CY WAS AN>*I/IC4 ,AN>*ISM WAS ! BE/ !ORETICAL SYN!SIS ( ! ,NEW ,LEFT & ! C\NT]-CULTURE4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 AN>*ISM HAD SUNK SO F> 9TO OBSCURITY ?AT FEW RADICALS HAD ! OPPORTUNITY TO MAKE ! CONNECTIONS TO AN>*ISM :I* >E SO OBVI\S 9 RETROSPECT4 ,ALSO1 ,BOOK*9 IS NOT ALL WRONG TO ID5TIFY AN ANTI-!ORETICAL T5D5CY 9 ! Y\? CULTURE :I* DELAY$ WIDESPREAD AW>5ESS ( ITS AN>*I/ AFF9ITIES4 ,AL?\< WE SPEAK ( 0! #f'S10 IMPLY+ A DECADE ( DISSID5CE & DISSONANCE1 ! RADICAL PHASE LA/$ ONLY SOME FIVE OR SIX YE>S4 ,! RU% ( EV5TS WAS OV]:ELM+1 & A LOT ( PEOPLE W]E1 YES1 GO+ ?R\< *ANGES4 ,:5 MILITANTS FELT ! LACK ( !ORY1 !IR FIR/ 9CL9ATION WAS TO TURN TO :AT WAS AVAILABLE1 NOT :AT WAS APPROPRIATE -- TO ,M>XISM1 NOT AN>*ISM4.<#a#c.> ,?AT TURN WAS A TURN(F2 MANY LO/ !IR WAY4 ,! MOVEM5T WA/$ TIME1 UNAW>E H[ LITTLE IT HAD LEFT4 

,NO ONE HAS EV] EXPLA9$ TO MY SATISFACTION ! LEFT'S ABRUPT FREEFALL 9 LATE #a#i#g4 ,IT A/ONI%$ ME !N & IT A/ONI%ES ME N[4 ,I SEE N[1 AS TO SOME EXT5T ,I SUSPECT$ AT ! TIME1 ?AT ! DECL9E WAS EXAGG]AT$ BY ! M$IA4 ,! #g'S W]E NOT ! TIMES ( FLATL9E SOCIAL REACTION :I* ,BOOK*9 MAKES !M \T TO BE4 ,I ALSO APPRECIATE N[ ?AT MO/ PEOPLE CANNOT 9DEF9ITELY SU/A9 A REVOLUTION>Y PIT* ( 9T5SITY 9 ! 9DEF9ITE ABS5CE ( REVOLUTION ITSELF4 ,EV5 SOME :O FELT REGRET AT ! DECL9E ( ACTIVISM FELT SOME RELIEF TOO4 ,:ATEV] ! EXPLANATION1 ! DECADE WAS CRITICAL = ! DEVELOPM5T ( CONTEMPOR>Y ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN AN>*ISM4 

,ALREADY 9 ! #f'S1 ! VE/IGIAL AN>*I/ GR\PS & PROJECTS W]E1 RELATIVE TO !IR SIZE1 9UNDAT$ BY ! FEW Y\NG RADICALS :O CONSCI\SLY ID5TIFI$ !MSELVES AS AN>*I/S4 ,9T]G5]ATIONAL FRICTION MI<T 5SUE1 AS IT DID 9 ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD4.<#a#c#a.> ,9 ! #g'S1 #f'S VET]ANS & !IR Y\NG] C\NT]P>TS ( SIMIL> BACKGR\ND & \TLOOK 9CREAS+LY ID5TIFI$ !MSELVES AS AN>*I/S1 P>TICIPAT+ 9 EXI/+ PROJECTS -- MO/LY PUBLICATIONS -- & />T+ NEW ONES4 ,MO/LY !Y CAME FROM ! CAMPUS &_/OR ! C\NT]-CULTURE4 ,?ANKS TO A FLURRY ( ACADEMIC 9T]E/ 9 AN>*ISM :I* CONT9U$ \T ( ! #f'S1 AN>*I/ HI/ORIES1 BIOGRAPHIES1 AN?OLOGIES & CLASSICS APPE>$ ALMO/ 9 ABUNDANCE1 SOMETIMES FROM MA9/REAM COMM]CIAL PUBLI%]S LIKE ,DOV]1 ,D\BL$AY1 ,S*OCK51 ,NORTON1 ,DELL1 ,R&OM ,H\SE1 ,BEACON ,PRESS1 ETC41 & FROM UNIV]SITY PRESSES4 ,RAMP>TS ,PRESS PUBLI%$ ,BOOK*9'S ,PO/ ,SC>CITY ,AN>*ISM 9 #a#i#g#a4 ,IMPORTANT AN>*I/ PRESSES COMM5C$ :I* /ILL PUBLI%3 ,BLACK @& ,R$ 9 ,DETROIT1 ,BLACK ,ROSE ,BOOKS 9 ,MONTREAL1 ,LEFT ,BANK ,BOOKS 9 ,SEATTLE4 ,ONE ( ! ORIG9AL UND]GR\ND NEWSPAP]S1 ,DETROIT'S ,FIF? ,E/ATE1 W5T AN>*I/ 9 #aige & IMM$IATELY BECAME 9FLU5TIAL4 ,O!R NOTEWOR?Y AN>*I/ TABLOIDS 9CLUD$ ,NO ,LIMITS 7,MADISON1 ,WISCONS97 & ,FRONT ,L9E 7,WA%+TON1 ,D,C74 ,NOT 9 #g YE>S HAD AN>*I/ IDEAS BE5 SO ACCESSIBLE TO ,NOR? ,AM]ICANS4 ,MORE & MORE PEOPLE1 MYSELF 9CLUD$1 APPROPRIAT$ SOME ( !SE IDEAS1 SOMETIMES CRITICALLY1 SOMETIMES NOT -- & SOMETIMES ADD$ !IR [N4 

,! DI/9CTIVE NOVELTY ( ! #f'S P]SI/$3 ! Y\? CULTURE CONNECTION TO AN>*ISM4 ,PUNK ROCK IS ! CONSPICU\S EXAMPLE4 ,PUNKS HAVE BE5 EXPLICITLY 9VOLV$ ) AN>*ISM1 AS IDEOLOGY OR AFFECTATION1 = OV] TW5TY YE>S4 ,SOME ( ! E>LIE/ PUNK B&S1 SU* AS ,C,R,A,S,S1 OP5LY PROSELYTIZ$ = 0! IDEA10 & SOME /ILL DO4 ,! NEXUS GOES BEYOND PUNK MUSIC AS SU*1 OR ANY /YLE ( MUSIC AS SU*4 ,SUBCULTURES ORI5T$ TO O!R M>G9AL MUSIC G5RES 79DU/RIAL1 HIP HOP1 ETC47 >E ALSO CONNECT$1 & MUSIC IS NOT ! ONLY OR ! ONLY IMPORTANT EXPRESSION ( Y\? CULTURE4 ,DEVIATIONS 9 DIET1 DRUGS1 SEX1 RELIGION1 READ+ TA/ES1 & DEFECTIONS FROM LEFTISM OR LIB]T>IANISM -- USUALLY 9 COMB9ATIONS -- ANY OR ALL ( !SE1 ) OR )\T MUSIC1 >E TYPICAL ( ?OSE :O N[ADAYS BECOME AN>*I/S1 MO/LY ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*I/S4 ,AN>*O-LEFTISM1 ,I %\LD ADD1 HAS ALSO GA9$ SUPPORT FROM ! Y\? CULTURE CONNECTION1 ESPECIALLY AS REPRES5T$ ON CAMPUS1 0COLLEGE BOYS 9 DESIGN] H>DHATS40.<#a#c#b.> ,! =MULAS ( CLASSICAL AN>*ISM PROVIDE ! BELIEF /RUCTURES SO NECESS>Y TO R$UCE TO MODE/ ORD] ! 9TELLECTUAL CONFUSION ( AN>*I/S LIKE ,JON ,BEKK51 ,JEFF ,/E91 ,TOM ,WETZEL & ,*AZ ,BUFE :O C\LD NEV] QUITE CUT ! UMBILICAL CORD TO ! CAMPUS4 ,! TRADITIONAL LEFTI/S GOT A SPILLOV] %>E FROM ! G5]AL RESURG5CE ( AN>*ISM -- BUT NOT A PROPORTIONATE %>E4 ,IT IS 9 ?AT CONTEXT1 & 9 AW>5ESS ( ITS OM9\S IMPLICATIONS1 ?AT ! ,DIRECTOR D5\NCES ! ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*I/S :ILE HE /ILL CAN4 ,BUT IT IS ALREADY TOO LATE4 ,! M5 :O WILL C>RY HIM \T >E ALREADY AT ! DOOR4 ,! WOM5 TOO4 

,! Y\?_/C\NT]-CULTURE CONNECTION HAS ITS DRAWBACKS4 ,MO/ ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN AN>*I/S >E Y\NG] ?AN MO/ ,SAN AN>*I/S1 BUT NOT NE>LY AS WELL ADAPT$ TO !IR 5VIRONM5T4 ,EV5 IF !Y >E 9 -- OR HAVE BE5 9 -- COLLEGE1 !IR G5]AL $UCATION IS 9F]IOR TO :AT WAS PROVID$ 9 ! #f'S & #g'S4 ,?IS IS ONE ( ! FEW PO9TS ON :I* ,BOOK*9 & ,I1 :O HAVE BO? TOIL$ TO TEA* !M1 PROBABLY CONCUR4 ,SONG LYRICS >E REALLY NOT ! MO/ EFFECTIVE VEHICLE = CONVEY+ POLITICAL IDEAS1 EXCEPT MAYBE ,FASCI/ OR ,FUNDAM5TALI/ ,*RI/IAN IDEAS4 ,NECESS>ILY ! MESSAGE IS DRA/ICALLY OV]SIMPLIFI$ EV5 IF ! IDEAS >E EXPRESS$ ) ALL ! AMPLITUDE ! =M P]MITS4 ,SOME PUNK AN>*I/S >E AS /UPID AS !Y >E IGNORANT4 ,= MANY IT'S JU/ A PHASE !Y'RE GO+ ?R\<1 AL?\< !RE ALWAYS SEEM TO BE MORE -- & MORE ( !M -- TO TAKE !IR PLACE4 

,NONE!LESS ! PO9T IS ?AT1 S9CE ! #f'S1 !RE HAVE ALWAYS BE5 OP5 *ANNELS ( ACCESS & ATTRACTION1 H[EV] IMP]FECT1 BETWE5 AN>*I/S & Y\NG PEOPLE4 ,! *ANNELS HAVE NOT BE5 AS BROAD OR DEEP = DECADES1 NOT S9CE ! AN>*I/S LO/ 9FLU5CE OV] ! CLASSICAL WORK]S' MOVEM5T & !N ?AT MOVEM5T WI!R$ AWAY4 ,)\T SU* *ANNELS1 A !ORY OR IDEOLOGY GR[S OLD & DIES4 ,I AM AS EXASP]AT$ ) MU* ( :AT PASSES = AN>*ISM AS ,BOOK*9 IS1 & ,I SAID SO A DECADE SOON]1.<#a#c#c.> ) BETT] REASONS4.<#a#c#d.> ,BUT POT5TIAL AN>*I/S HAVE TO COME FROM SOME:]E1 & Y\?_/ALT]NATIVE CULTURE IS :]E !Y'VE MO/LY COME FROM = OV] #c YE>S4 ,EXCEPTIONAL 9DIVIDUALS ALSO W&] 9 FROM UNEXPECT$ PLACES1 AS !Y ALWAYS HAVE -- AS ,BAKUN9 & ,KROPOTK9 W&]$ 9 FROM ! ,CZ>I/ >I/OCRACY -- & !SE EXCEPTIONALS (T5 CONTRIBUTE IDEAS & 5]GY \T ( ALL PROPORTION TO !IR NUMB]S4 ,BUT UNLESS A LOT ( PEOPLE :O >E NOT1 OR NOT AS1 EXTRAORD9>Y ALSO W&] 9 -- AS AT C]TA9 TIMES & 9 C]TA9 PLACES !Y HAVE1 9 L>GE NUMB]S -- AN>*ISM HAS NO FUTURE EXCEPT AS AN ANCE/OR CULT & A MAGNET = CRACKPOTS4 

,! ,DIRECTOR MAY BE CYCL+1 BUT AN>*ISM ISN'T4 ,! LEFTI/ V>IETIES >E /AGNANT OR 9 DECAY4 ,9 ,NOR? ,AM]ICA ! MO/ AMBITI\S REC5T EF=T AT AN>*O-LEFTI/ ORGANIZ+1 ! ,LOVE @& ,RAGE F$]ATION1 JU/ W5T ?R\< A ?REE-WAY SPLIT4 ,9 ,BRITA91 ,CLASS ,W> SPLIT 9 TWO3 ! F9AL ISSUE ( !IR NEWSPAP] ADMITT$ !IR 9EFFECTUALITY4 ,AS ORGANIZATIONALI/S1 !SE LEFTI/S /& SELF-CONDEMN$4 ,SOME AN>*O-LEFTI/ PROJECTS MAY BE SURVIV+ >TIFICIALLY ON LIFE-SUPPORT4 ,RI* AN>*I/S1 LIKE RI* PEOPLE G5]ALLY1 T5D TO BE CONS]VATIVES4 ,NOAM ,*OMSKY SUBSIDIZES SELECT AN>*I/ PROJECTS4 ,SO DOES ! TRIPLE-PLAT9UM ,5GLI% B& ,*UMBAWAMBA1 ! ONLY AN>*I/S :O HAVE EV] P]=M$ ON 0,! ,TONI<T ,%[10 ! BE/ S\RCE ( ANTI-,UNABOMB] JOKES4 ,A,K ,PRESS1 ,BOOK*9'S PUBLI%]1 IS AMONG !IR FAVORITE *>ITIES1 BUT ! B& HAS DONE NO?+ = ! ,GRE5 ,AN>*I/ DEF5DANTS :O >E ON TRIAL 7TWO SO F> W]E CONVICT$1 BUT !IR CONVICTIONS W]E REV]S$ ON APPEAL1 ONE ACQUITT$1 ) TWO TO GO7 = NO?+ MORE ?AN PUBLI%+ NEWS REPORTS ( ACTS ( RESI/ANCE4 ,NO QUANTITY ( F9ANCIAL =MALDEHYDE PRES]VES AGA9/ DECAY =EV]4 

,:I!R ,AN>*ISM8 

,IF ?IS IS1 AS ,BOOK*9'S TITLE IMPLIES1 ! QUE/ION1 IT IS ONE = :I* HE HAS NO ANSW]4 ,9 0,! ,LEFT ,?AT ,WAS10 ! APP5DIX TO ,S,A,L,A1 HE ALL BUT CONC$ES ?AT ! CLASSICAL LEFT IS =EV] DEFUNCT4.<#a#c#e.> ,LONG AGO HE ANN\NC$ ?AT 0! TRADITIONAL WORK]S' MOVEM5T WILL NEV] REAPPE>40.<#a#c#f.> ,HE DOES NOT DISCUSS ! SOCIAL COMPOSITION ( ! 0MILLIONS ( PEOPLE TODAY0 :O EXP]I5CE 0! S5SE ( P[]LESSNESS0 :I* R5D]S !M 0A POT5TIALLY HUGE BODY ( SUPPORT]S0 ( AN>*ISM4.<#a#c#g.> ,:O >E !Y8 ,!Y CANNOT BE B\RGEOIS1 = ! B\RGEOIS >E BY DEF9ITION ! 5EMY4 ,!Y CANNOT BE PROLET>IANS1 = ! PROLET>IAT1 ACCORD+ TO ,BOOK*91 HAS BE5 B\<T (F & B\RGEOISIFI$4 ,!Y CANNOT BE ! UND]CLASS1 ! IDLE POOR1 = !SE >E ! 0LUMP5S0 ,BOOK*9 SAYS >E ACTUAL OR POT5TIAL FASCI/S4.<#a#c#h.> ,SO :O'S LEFT = ! LEFT8 

,AFT] REPEAT$LY D5\NC+ ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*I/S = !IR P]SONALISM1 9DIVIDUALISM1 N>CISSISM1 NAVEL-GAZ+ & PSY*OLOGISM1 ! ,DIRECTOR HIMSELF DEF9ES ! YE>N+ MILLIONS ( POT5TIAL AN>*I/S 9 PURELY P]SONALI/IC1 PSY*OLOGICAL T]MS1 9 T]MS ( !IR 0S5SE ( P[]LESSNESS40 ,>E !Y P[]LESS1 OR DO !Y JU/ ?9K !Y >E8 ,DO !Y NE$ REVOLUTION OR JU/ !RAPY8 ,IF ALL !Y NE$ IS !RAPY1 ! SY/EM IS SURELY CAPABLE ( SUPPLY+ IT 7= A PRICE74 ,AN AW>5ESS ( P[]LESSNESS IS SURELY AS OLD AS ITS REALITY4 ,! SLAVES & PEASANTS ( ANCI5T ,EGYPT & ,MESOPOTAMIA MU/ HAVE KN[N ?AT !Y W]E P[]LESS1 BUT SU* AW>5ESS MORE (T5 RESULTS 9 RESIGNATION ?AN REVOLUTION4 ,BOOK*9 CANNOT EXPLA9 :Y P[]LESS PEOPLE SOMETIMES REVOLT BUT USUALLY DON'T4 ,= ?AT MATT]1 ,BOOK*9 CAN'T EXPLA9 ANY?+ ELSE EI!R4 

,ACCORD+ TO ! ,DIRECTOR1 ! 5ORMITIES & ! ECC5TRICITIES ( ! ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*I/S >E 09 NO SMALL MEASURE0 RESPONSIBLE = ! AN>*I/ FAILURE TO RECRUIT & DEPLOY 0A POT5TIALLY HUGE BODY ( SUPPORT]S0 RIPE = REVOLUTION4.<#a#c#i.> ,?AT'S AN EXTRAORD9>Y MEASURE ( BLAME TO HEAP UPON AN IMP]CEPTIBLE FRACTION ( ! POPULATION ) NO ACCESS TO ! MA9/REAM M$IA4 ,ABSOLUTELY NO EVID5CE SUPPORTS ! ASSUMPTION ?AT ANY?+ AN>*I/S ( ANY ORI5TATION HAVE DONE OR NOT DONE 9 REC5T YE>S HAS REPELL$ VA/ NUMB]S ( PEOPLE4 ,!RE IS ABSOLUTELY NO EVID5CE ?AT VA/ NUMB]S ( ,AM]ICANS HAVE EV] 5C\NT]$ AN>*ISM 9 ANY =M4 ,BOOK*9 BRAGS ( HAV+ LECTUR$ AT EV]Y MAJOR UNIV]SITY 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 :I* PROVID$ HIM =UMS ON A SCALE NO ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*I/S HAVE EV] HAD ACCESS TO4 ,H]E WAS HIS OPPORTUNITY TO CONV]T /RATEGICALLY SITUAT$ CADRES ( ! Y\? 9TELLIG5TSIA TO HIS ADVANC$ IDEOLOGY4 ,H]E HE C\LD HAVE GONE F> T[>D /RANGL+ ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*ISM 9 ! CRADLE4 ,HE FAIL$4 ,OR RA!R1 HE NEV] EV5 TRI$4 ,HIS SELF-PROMOTIONAL C>E]ISM TOOK PRIORITY4 ,IS IT ACCID5TAL ?AT IT WAS ONLY :5 HIS C>E] WAS OV] ?AT ,BOOK*9 ASSAIL$ ! ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*I/S8 

,ACCORD+ TO ! ,DIRECTOR1 ?\S&S ( DECAD5T ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*I/S HAVE DISC\RAG$ MANY MILLIONS ( O!R ,AM]ICANS FROM EMBRAC+ AN>*ISM 9 A V]SION ,BOOK*9 APPROVES (4 ,:AT DISC\RAG$ MANY MILLIONS ( ,AM]ICANS FROM EMBRAC+ AN>*ISM 9 ! MANY DECADES BE=E ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*ISM CAME ALONG1 HE DOES NOT SAY4 7,DID ! MA*9ATIONS ( ,L59I/S LIKE HIMSELF HAVE ANY?+ TO DO ) IT87 ,ONE SUSPECTS ?AT AN>*ISM'S UNPOPUL>ITY HAD MORE TO DO ) AN>*ISM 9 G5]AL ?AN ) ANY ( ITS P>TICUL> V]SIONS4 ,BOOK*9'S FANTA/IC EXAGG]ATION ( ! 9FLU5CE ( ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*I/S CORRESPONDS TO HIS FANTA/IC EXAGG]ATION ( HIS [N 9FLU5CE4 ,! ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*I/S MU/ POSSESS V]Y P[]FUL JUJU 9 ORD] TO \T%\T ! VOICE ( ,REASON AS IT BOOMS =? SO (T5 & SO ELOQU5TLY FROM ,MURRAY ,BOOK*94 

,AS 9 ,S,A,L,A1 ! ,DIRECTOR REBUKES ! ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*I/S -- BELAT$LY 9CLUD+ ,JOHN ,CL>K -- = ELITISM4 ,?IS DICTUM1 AGA9 UNEXPLA9$1 MAKES NO MORE S5SE ?AN IT EV] DID4 ,IT IS NOT CLE> :Y COLLECTIVI/ ELITISM -- VANGU>DISM -- IS SUP]IOR TO 9DIVIDUALI/ ELITISM4 ,BOOK*9 DECRIES 0AB/RACT 9DIVIDUALISM0 BUT NEV] 5T]TA9S ! POSSIBILITY ?AT :AT HIS 5EMIES ESP\SE IS CONCRETE 9DIVIDUALISM1 :AT ,VANEIGEM CALLS RADICAL SUBJECTIVITY4 ,NOR DOES HE CONSID] ! POSSIBILITY ?AT :AT HE ESP\SES IS AB/RACT COLLECTIVISM1 NOT CONCRETE COLLECTIVISM 7COMMUNITY74 ,AB/RACT COLLECTIVISM IS TOTALIT>IANISM1 :I* IS MU* WORSE ?AN AB/RACT 9DIVIDUALISM 7CLASSICAL LIB]ALISM74 ,ELITISM IMPLIES EXCLUSIVITY1 BUT ,BOOK*9 IS ! ONE :O IS READ+ ?\S&S ( AN>*I/S \T ( ! MOVEM5T4 ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*ISM IS 9TOL]ABLE1 SO ,SOCIAL ,AN>*ISM IS 9TOL]ANT4 ,! MOVEM5T 0MU/ BECOME 9FECT$ ) 9TOL]ANCE AGA9/ ALL :O RET>D ITS GR[? BY SUBS]VI5CE TO SPONTANEITY10.<#a#d.> AS ! LAWY] ,L59 PUT IT4.<#a#d#a.> ,!RE MAY BE A S5SE 9 :I* SOME SO-CALL$ ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*I/S MI<T BE ELITI/S1 I4E41 !Y ASPIRE TO EXCELL5CE & !Y WANT TO LEVEL UP4 ,BUT !Y WANT EV]YBODY TO LEVEL UP -- !Y WANT COMPANY -- !Y WANT A WORLD ( :AT ,RA\L ,VANEIGEM CALLS 0MA/]S )\T SLAVES10 NOT \T ( PITY OR PAT]NALISM BUT BECAUSE !Y CRAVE A COMMUNITY ( FULFILL$1 5RI*$1 MA/]FUL O!R 9DIVIDUALS TO RELATE TO4 ,JOHN ,SIMON1 REF]R+ TO ! LATE ,AM]ICAN CRITIC ,DWI<T ,MACDONALD1 ADMITT$ ?AT ,MACDONALD WAS AN ELITI/ ( SORTS1 BUT 0AN ELITI/1 !N1 :O W\LD EAG]LY HELP O!RS JO9 ! CLUB1 :O W\LD GLADLY HAVE AB&ON$ HIS BADGE ( SUP]IORITY = ! SAKE ( A WORLD FULL ( COEQUAL ELITI/S40.<#a#d#b.> ,ONLY 9 ?AT S5SE >E PO/-LEFT AN>*I/S ELITI/S4 

,BOOK*9'S PROPOS$ MEANS ( OV]?R[+ HI]>*Y >E PAT5TLY HI]>*ICAL4 ,AN>*I/S REQUIRE 0AN ORGANIZATION READY & ABLE TO PLAY A SIGNIFICANT ROLE 9 MOV+ GREAT MASSES ( WORK]S40 ,! VANGU>D IS TO LEAD1 ! MASSES >E TO FOLL[1 AS USUAL4 ,BOOK*9 W\LD NO D\BT PROTE/ ?AT HE 5VISIONS SOME?+ MORE DIALECTICAL1 BUT ON HIS [N ACC\NT1 DIALECTICS IS NOT M]E RECIPROCITY1 0SOME ?+S >E 9 FACT V]Y SIGNIFICANTLY MORE DET]M9+ ?AN O!RS40 ,! ORGANIZATION IS SIGNIFICANTLY MORE DET]M9+ ?AN ! MASSES -- ?AT'S ITS PURPOSE4 ,?IS IS ,L59ISM -- NOT METAPHORICAL ,L59ISM1 NOT SWE>-WORD ,L59ISM -- IT'S ! REAL ?+4 ,! DOG HAS RETURN$ TO HIS VOMIT4 ,! MANTLE ( LEFTISM :I* ,BOOK*9 HAS DONN$ IS A %R\D4 

,APP5DIX ,A3 ,BOOK ,FILL$ ) ,LIES 

,! LATE/ ( ! ,DIRECTOR'S IRONIC 9DISCRETIONS IS HIS HEAVY RELIANCE ON ,$W9 ,WILMS5'S ,L& ,FILL$ ) ,FLIES TO BA% ! AN>*O-PRIMITIVI/S4 ,9 ,S,A,L,A1 ,BOOK*9 ASS]T$ AN AFF9ITY BETWE5 AN>*O-PRIMITIVISM & PO/-MOD]NISM1 ) SUBLIME 9DIFF]5CE TO ! FACT ?AT PO/-MOD]NISM HAS NO H>%] CRITIC ?AN ,JOHN ,Z]ZAN4.<#a#d#c.> ,TO ANY READ] ( ,WILMS5 NOT 9 ?RALL TO AN ULT]IOR MOTIVE1 ,WILMS5 IS BLATANTLY A PO/-MOD]NI/4 ,ONE ( HIS REVIEW]S1 ,H5RY ,H>P5D+1 IS A BIOLOGICAL AN?ROPOLOGI/ :O IS *>M+LY 9NOC5T ( EXPOSURE TO ,PO,MO4 ,HE HAD 0A LOT ( TR\BLE0 ) ! BEG9N+ ( ! BOOK1 :I* CONTA9S 0AN AL>M+ DISCUSSION ( PEOPLE & ?+S BE+ 9T]PELLAT$ 9 ! 9TRODUCTION & 9 ! FIR/ *APT]1 BUT MY BE/ EF=TS ) A DICTION>Y LEFT ME UTT]LY IGNORANT AB\T :AT IT ALL MEANT40.<#a#d#d.> ,NOT SURPRIS+LY3 ! J>GON 709T]PELLATION ( ! SUBJECT07 IS ?AT ( ,L\IS ,AL?USS]1 ! /RUCTURALI/ ,M>XI/ :O W5T MAD & MURD]$ HIS WIFE4 ,O!R AN?ROPOLOGI/S1 MORE WIDELY IF NOT BETT] READ1 HAVE NOTIC$ ,WILMS5'S PO/-MOD]NISM4.<#a#d#e.> ,ACCORD+ TO ,?OMAS ,HEADL&1 ,WILMS5-/YLE 0REVISIONISM IS NOT JU/ TE/+ & REJECT+ HYPO!SES4 ,P>TIALLY FUEL$ BY PO/MOD]NISM1 IT SEEMS TO BE IDEOLOGICALLY DRIV540.<#a#d#f.> 

,:5 IT WAS PUBLI%$ 9 #a#i#h#i1 ,L& ,FILL$ ) ,FLIES CREAT$ A S5SATION1 AS IT WAS MEANT TO4 ,NOT ONLY DID IT DEBUNK ! CONV5TIONAL WISDOM1 IT DID SO AS 9SULT+LY AS POSSIBLE4 ,NOT ONLY DID IT FURNI% />TL+ NEW DATA DRAWN FROM LANGUAGE1 >*AEOLOGY & HI/ORY 9 ADDITION TO FIELDWORK1 IT PLAC$ !M 9 A PRET5TI\S !ORETICAL APP>ATUS4 ,& IT SEE!D ) SELF-RI<TE\SNESS4 ,BY NOT RECOGNIZ+ ! ,SAN = :AT !Y >E -- AN UND]CLASS1 ! POORE/ ( ! POOR UND] COMPRADOR CAPITALISM -- ALL O!R AN?ROPOLOGI/S W]E IDEOLOGICALLY COMPLICIT 9 !IR SUBJUGATION4 ,S9CE ALL AN?ROPOLOGI/S :O HAVE LIV$ ) ! ,SAN >E /RONGLY COMMITT$ TO SOME NOTION ( !IR RI<TS & AUTONOMY1 NATURALLY !Y W]E 9FURIAT$ TO BE CA/IGAT$ AS ! DUPES OR TOOLS ( NEOCOLONIALISM4 ,REBUTTALS W]E SOON =?COM+1 & ! CONTROV]SY /ILL RAGES4 ,BUT ,WILMS5 5JOY$ A /RATEGIC ADVANTAGE3 HIS QUADRUPLE-B>REL$ %OTGUN ATTACK4 ,HIS L+UI/IC1 >*AEOLOGICAL1 HI/ORICAL & E?NOGRAPHIC RESE>*ES ALL CONV]G$ ON ! SAME OR ON CONGRU5T CONCLUSIONS4 

,ACADEMICS >E ! TIMID TYPE 9 ! BE/ ( CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,BY TEMP]AM5T !Y PREF] TO BE ! BIG FI% 9 A POND H[EV] SMALL4 ,! PHRASE 0A S*OOL ( FI%0 SAYS AS MU* AB\T S*OOL AS IT DOES AB\T FI%4 ,SPECIALIZATION IS ! S\RCE & ! LIMIT ( ! ACADEMIC'S AU?ORITY4 ,! EXP]T 9 ONE SUBFIELD1 SU* AS E?NOGRAPHY1 CANNOT HELP BUT LOSE SELF-CONFID5CE -- SOME?+ HE PROBABLY NEV] HAD V]Y MU* ( -- :5 HIS C]TITUDES >E IMPEA*$ BY RESE>*ES 9 ?REE O!R SUBFIELDS4 ,HE BEG9S TO WOND] IF HE CAN BE SURE ( EV5 ! EVID5CE ( HIS [N S5SES 7OR :AT HE REMEMB]S TO BE SU*74 ,WILMS51 BY PURPORT+ TO POSSESS EXP]TIZE 9 SO MANY >EAS1 9TIMIDATES ! EXP]TS 9 ALL ( !M -- AT FIR/1 ANYWAY4 ,BUT S*OL>S HAVE />T$ *ECK+ UP ON ,WILMS51 JU/ AS AN>*I/S HAVE />T$ *ECK+ UP ON ,BOOK*91 & ) SIMIL> CONSEQU5CES4 

,MO/ ( ,$W9 ,WILMS5'S OBS]VATIONS ( #g'S ,SAN >E /RIK+LY UNLIKE ! OBS]VATIONS ( ALL HIS DOZ5-ODD PR$ECESSORS 9 ! FIELD4 ,PREVI\S AN?ROPOLOGI/S HAD ALREADY REPORT$ H[ ABRUPTLY ! ,SAN =AG+ LIFE-WAY WAS SUCCUMB+ TO PRESSURES RANG+ FROM PROTRACT$ DR\<T TO 5TANGLEM5T 9 C\NT]9SURG5CY 9 ,S\?WE/ ,AFRICA TO ! S$5T>IZ+1 NATIONALIZ+ POLICIES ( NEWLY & NOM9ALLY 9DEP5D5T ,BOTSWANA4.<#a#d#g.> ,NOBODY N[ D5IES ?AT MO/ ( ! ,SAN HAVE BE5 =C$ 9TO ! CAPITALI/ WORLD-ORD] AT ITS V]Y BOTTOM LEVEL -- & :ILE IT WAS HAPP5+1 NOBODY DID D5Y IT -- BUT ONLY ,BOOK*9 IS OBSC5E 5\< TO 5?USE OV] ?IS P>TICUL> EXT5SION ( ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! PRODUCTIVE =CES4 ,HE DOESN'T C>E :AT HAPP5S TO PEOPLE SO LONG AS HE CAN TURN IT TO POLEMICAL ADVANTAGE4 

,MO/ ( ,WILMS5'S FIELDWORK WAS DONE AT A WAT]HOLE HE CALLS ,CAE,CAE1 :OSE 9HABITANTS HE LABELS1 ACCORD+ TO H[ HE CLASSIFIES !IR 0PR9CIPAL PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES10 AS V>I\SLY 0PA/ORALI/1 9DEP5D5T1 =AG]1 RELIANT1 & CLI5T0 -- A RA!R ELABORATE TYPOLOGY = JU/ #af H\SEHOLDS1 ONLY #i ( :I* W]E ,SAN4.<#a#d#h.> ,!RE'S ALMO/ A CATEGORY = EV]Y ,SAN H\SEHOLD1 :I* RA!R DEFEATS ! PURPOSE ( CATEGORIZATION4 ,9 #a#i#g#e-#a#i#g#f1 ONLY TWO H\SEHOLDS 7BO? ,SAN7 CONSI/$ ( =AG]S1 PEOPLE D]IV+ OV] #i#e.0 ( !IR FOOD FROM HUNT+ & GA!R+2 BY #a#i#g#i-#a#i#h1 BO? SUBSI/$ ON A COMB9ATION ( RELIEF & CASUAL WAGE-LABOR4 ,AS = ! 09DEP5D5TS10 :O [N$ SOME LIVE/OCK BUT D]IV$ OV] HALF !IR SUBSI/5CE FROM =AG+1 !RE W]E ?REE H\SEHOLDS 9 ! E>LI] P]IOD1 TWO 9 ! LAT]4.<#a#d#i.> ,?OSE 9 ! O!R H\SEHOLDS DID SOME HUNT+1 BUT SUBSI/$ MA9LY BY O!R MEANS4 ,N[ EV5 IF ,WILMS5'S F9D+S >E ACCURATE1 !Y D]IVE FROM A RIDICUL\SLY SMALL SAMPLE1 #b-#e H\SEHOLDS AT ! MO/1 ( PEOPLE :O W]E OBVI\SLY CAU<T UP 9 A PROCESS ( PROLET>IANIZATION SO ACCEL]AT$ ?AT IT W\LD HAVE MADE ,K>L ,M>X'S HEAD SP94 

,I READ A BUN* ( REVIEWS ( ,WILMS5'S BOOK1 PRO & CON1 BE=E ,I READ ! BOOK ITSELF4 ,NO?+ PREP>$ ME = ! %E]1 %OCK+ NE>-NO?+NESS ( ITS E?NOGRAPHIC DATABASE4 ,NO?+ ,WILMS5 SAYS HE F\ND 9 ! FIELD1 EV5 IF TRUE1 REFUTES OR EV5 CALLS 9TO QUE/ION :AT PREVI\S RESE>*]S DISCOV]$ AB\T F> L>G] GR\PS ( ,SAN AT E>LI] TIMES & 9 O!R PLACES4 ,WILMS5 B]ATES HIS PR$ECESSORS = IGNOR+ HI/ORY 7!Y DIDN'T.<#a#e.>74 ,BUT HE'S ! ONE :O HAS TR\BLE ACCEPT+ ! POSSIBILITY ?AT1 JU/ AS ! PEOPLE HE /UDI$ W]E LIV+ DIFF]5TLY 9 #aih ?AN !Y W]E 9 #a#i#g#e1 ! PEOPLE ?AT ,LEE1 ,DE,VORE1 ,H[ELL1 ,TANAKA & O!RS /UDI$ BE=E #aige MI<T HAVE 9 A RA!R %ORT TIME COME TO LIVE DIFF]5TLY4 ,! HI/ORIAN HIMSELF NE$S HI/ORICIZ+4 

,AMONG ,WILMS5'S MO/ CONTROV]SIAL CLAIMS IS = LONG/&+ SOCIAL /RATIFICATION AMONG ! ,SAN & BETWE5 ! ,SAN & ,BANTU-SPEAK+ PEOPLES4 ,S9CE HIS E?NOGRAPHIC EVID5CE IS PALTRY1 HE RELIES MA9LY ON EVID5CE ( 9EQUALITY EMB$D$ 9 ! LANGUAGES ( ! ,SAN & !IR ,BANTU NEI<BORS1 SU* AS ! ,H]]O4 ,UN=TUNATELY = ,WILMS51 ONE ( HIS REVIEW]S1 ,H5RY ,H>P5D+1 ACTUALLY KN[S !SE LANGUAGES4 ,WILMS5 CLAIMS ?AT A WORD ! ,H]]O APPLY TO ! ,SAN !Y ALSO APPLY TO !IR CATTLE1 IMPLY+ ?AT ! ,SAN >E !IR *ATTELS4 ,H[EV]1 ! ,H]]O APPLY ! SAME WORD TO ! ,AFRIKAAN]S1 & NOBODY W\LD SAY ?AT ! ,AFRIKAAN]S >E ! ,H]]O'S PROP]TY4 ,! ,H]]O WORD IMPLIES ANTAGONISM1 NOT [N]%IP1 JU/ AS ,I DO :5 ,I SAY ?AT ,FR$DIE ,BA] IS A C[4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,H>P5D+1 ,WILMS5 D]IVES SOCIOLOGICAL CONCLUSIONS FROM BAD PUNS3 0,?IS ALL1 & MU* MORE1 IS FANCIFUL DRIVEL4 ,IT IS LIKE SAY+ ?AT ! PEOPLE ( ,DEUTS*L& >E CALL$ ',G]MANS1' MEAN+ '9FECT$ PEOPLE1' FROM ! WORD 'G]M' MEAN+ A MICROORGANISM ?AT CAUSES ILLNESS4 ,ALMO/ EV]Y =AY 9TO L+UI/ICS APPE>S TO BE 5TIRELY CONTRIV$1 CREAT$ FROM NO?+1 EV5 :5 !RE IS NO REASON TO CONTRIVE ANY?+40 ,YET ANO!R 0BIZ>RE ANALYSIS10 ?IS ONE DRAWN FROM ,SAN K9%IP T]M9OLOGY1 ,H>P5D+ *>ACT]IZES ?USLY3 0 ,IT IS AS IF ,I W]E TO CLAIM ?AT ! ,5GLI% WORD GR&MO!R REF]S TO A CU/OM :]EBY OLD PEOPLE /AY AT HOME & GR9D :EAT = ! FAMILY BREAD & ?AT GR&MO!R IS REALLY A CORRUPTION ( GR9DMO!R4 ,( C\RSE1 IF ,I W]E TO WRITE SU* NONS5SE IT W\LD NEV] BE PUBLI%$4 ,$ITORS & REF]EES W\LD LAU< ME \T ! DOOR BECAUSE !Y W\LD BE FAMILI> ) ,5GLI%4 ,BUT H>DLY ANYONE 9 ,EUROPE & ,NOR? ,AM]ICA IS FAMILI> ) 6,KUNG & ,OTJIH]]O40.<#a#e#a.> 

,WILMS5 CLAIMS ?AT >*AEOLOGY DEMON/RATES -- WELL1 LET'S LET ,BOOK*9 SAY IT 9 HIS [N 9IMITABLE WAY -- 0,! ,SAN PEOPLE ( ! ,KALAH>I >E N[ KN[N TO HAVE BE5 G>D5]S BE=E !Y W]E DRIV5 9TO ! DES]T4 ,SEV]AL HUNDR$ YE>S AGO1 ACCORD+ TO ,$W9 ,WILMS51 ,SAN-SPEAK+ PEOPLES W]E H]D+ & F>M+ .<,WILMS5 NEV] SAYS !Y W]E F>M]S1 AN ECOLOGICAL IMPOSSIBILITY.>1 NOT TO SPEAK ( TRAD+ ) NEI<BOR+ AGRICULTURAL *IEFDOMS 9 A NETWORK ?AT EXT5D$ TO ! ,9DIAN ,OCEAN4 ,BY ! YE> #a1 EXCAVATIONS HAVE %[N1 !IR >EA1 ,DOBE#a#e#b1 WAS POPULAT$ BY PEOPLE :O MADE C]AMICS1 WORK$ ) IRON1 & H]D$ CATTLE 444 0.<#a#e#c.> ,!SE CONCLUSIONS ! ,DIRECTOR S]VES UP AS 9DISPUTABLE FACTS4 ,?AT !Y >E NOT4 

,K>IM ,SADR HAS REC5TLY TAK5 UP ,RI*>D ,LEE'S EXASP]AT$ PROPOSAL = 9DEP5D5T REVIEW ( ALL ( ,WILMS5'S CONTROV]SIAL CLAIMS4.<#a#e#d.> ,SADR ADDRESSES ONLY ! >*AEOLOGICAL CLAIMS1 & CONCLUDES ?AT !Y >E UNSUPPORT$ BY :AT LITTLE EVID5CE IS AVAILABLE SO F>4 ,WILMS5'S ALLY ,D5B[1 AS ,SADR HAS REC5TLY RELAT$1 0SAYS ?AT HIS MODEL IS BAS$ ON OV] #d SURVEY$ SITES & EXCAVATIONS AT #bb LOCALITIES4 ,! #d OR MORE SURVEY$ SITES1 H[EV]1 PROVIDE NO RELEVANT EVID5CE4 ,! MODEL IS REALLY BAS$ ON A DOZ5 ( ! EXCAVAT$ SITES1 & ( !SE ONLY ?REE HAVE BE5 ADEQUATELY PUBLI%$40.<#a#e#e.> ,ONE DOES NOT HAVE TO BE AN EXP]T TO NOTICE H[ =C$ & FOOLI% SOME ( ! ,WILMS5I/ >GUM5TS >E4 ,ROCK PA9T+S ( UNC]TA9 AGE DEPICT+ /ICK FIGURES1 SUPPOS$LY ,SAN1 ALONGSIDE CATTLE >E CLAIM$ TO BE EVID5CE ?AT ! ,SAN AT SOME 9DEF9ITE PA/ TIME H]D$ CATTLE4 ,FROM ?IS PREMISE -- EV5 IF TRUE -- IS DRAWN ! ILLOGICAL CONCLUSION ?AT ! ,SAN W]E WORK+ = ,BANTU BOSSES :O [N$ ! CATTLE 7:Y ! ,SAN W]E 9CAPABLE ( [N+ & H]D+ !IR [N CATTLE IS NOT DISCLOS$74 ,AS ,SADR SAYS1 0! /ICK FIGURES MAY BE H]D+ OR /EAL+ ! CATTLE1 OR ! ,BU%M5 MAY HAVE RECEIV$ ! CATTLE 9 FAIR TRADE4 ,TO /RET* ! PO9T1 MAYBE ! PA9T+S REPRES5T WI%FUL ?9K+4 ,ONE ALT]NATIVE IS AS SPECULATIVE AS ANO!R40.<#a#e#f.> 

,! MA9 EVID5CE CIT$ TO %[ ,SAN 05CAPSULATION0 BY ,IRON ,AGE ,BANTU SPEAK]S FROM ! SIX? TO ELEV5? C5TURIES IS CATTLE & %EEP REMA9S F\ND AT ,SAN SITES4 ,! PROPORTIONS1 H[EV]1 >E EXTREMELY SMALL1 LIKE ?OSE F\ND 9 ! ,CAPE >EA :]E !RE W]E NO ,IRON ,AGE *IEFDOMS TO 5CAPSULATE =AG]S4 ,! EVID5CE ( ALL K9DS IS SCANTY & 9CONCLUSIVE4 ,SAN MI<T HAVE BE5 5CAPSULAT$ AT C]TA9 TIMES & PLACES1 DOM9ANT AT O!RS4 ,NO?+ RULES \T ! POSSIBILITY 0?AT !Y MAY V]Y WELL HAVE RETA9$ !IR AUTONOM\S HUNT+ & GA!R+ WAY ( LIFE UNTIL HI/ORIC TIMES40.<#a#e#g.> ,WILMS5 CLAIMS ?AT :5 ,EUROPEANS P]CEIV$ HUNT]-GA!R]S 79 #a#i? C5TURY P>LANCE1 0SAVAGES071 !Y W]E CON/RUCT+ !M AS SU* 9 ACCORDANCE ) IDEOLOGICAL PRECONCEPTIONS4 ,BUT :5 ,H]]O PA/ORALI/S1 REFUGEES FROM A VICI\S ,G]MAN MILIT>Y CAMPAIGN 9 ,S\?WE/ ,AFRICA1 PASS$ ?R\< ! ,KALAH>I 9 #aid & #a#i#e1 !Y1 TOO1 SAW ONLY ,SAN :O LIV$ 5TIRELY BY =AG+4.<#a#e#h.> ,IT IS UNLIKELY ?AT !SE ,BANTUS W]E READ]S ( ,JEAN-,JACQUES ,R\SSEAU1 ,LEWIS ,H5RY ,MORGAN OR ,FRI$RI* ,5GELS4 ,IT IS ALMO/ AS IF ! ,SAN W\LD HAVE BE5 =AG]S EV5 IF !RE HAD BE5 NO ,EUROPEANS TO CON/RUCT !M4 

,:I* BR+S US TO ! /RICTLY HI/ORICAL CONT5T ( ,WILMS5'S CASE4 ,HE MADE MORE1 & MORE SY/EMATIC USE1 ( >*IVAL EVID5CE ?AN ANY PREVI\S E?NOGRAPH] ( ! ,KALAH>I4 ,ID5TIFY+ !SE S\RCES & EMPHASIZ+ !IR IMPORTANCE MAY WELL BE HIS ONLY LA/+ ACCOMPLI%M5T4.<#a#e#i.> ,:AT HE MADE ( !M IS SOME?+ ELSE AGA94 ,TRAVEL]S REPORT$ SEE+ 0,BU%M5 ) CATTLE SOME:]E 9 ! ,KALAH>I 9 ! N9ETE5? C5TURY10 BUT S9CE NOBODY EV] D\BT$ ?AT ,BU%M5 HAVE LONG BE5 9 CONTACT ) CATTLE-RAIS+ ,BANTU1 ?IS DOES NOT PROVE ANY?+ AB\T ! ,BU%MAN WAY ( LIFE4.<#a#f.> ,WILMS5 D5\NCES ! CLASSICAL SOCIAL EVOLUTIONI/S & ALSO ?OSE HE D]IDES1 ) QUE/IONABLE CAUSE1 AS !IR LATT]-DAY 9H]ITORS4 ,BUT HE %>ES ) !M ! ASSUMPTION ?AT UPON CONTACT ) ! HI<]1 MORE COMPLEX SY/EMS ( SOCIETY1 ! L[]1 SIMPL] SY/EMS >E SUBSUM$ OR ELSE WILT & WI!R AWAY4 ,TO ,WILMS51 AS TO ,BOOK*91 IT IS UN?9KABLE ?AT =AG]S MI<T HOLD !IR [N AGA9/ H]D]S OR F>M]S4 ,!Y >E1 BY DEF9ITION1 9F]IOR6 ,EXPOSURE TO A HI<] LEVEL ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATION IS LIKE EXPOSURE TO PA?OG5S TO :I* ! SAVAGES HAVE NO IMMUNITY4 ,TRADE OR ANY O!R 9T]ACTION NECESS>ILY SUBORD9ATES !M TO ?OSE ) A HI<]1 MORE SOPHI/ICAT$ =M ( SOCIETY4 

,! ONLY ?+ WRONG ) ?IS ASSUMPTION IS EV]Y?+4 ,IT BEGS ! QUE/ION4 ,= ALL ANYBODY KN[S1 =AG]S MI<T HAVE DEALT ) !IR NEI<BORS FROM A POSITION ( /R5G?4 ,IF Y\ LOOK AT ! SITUATION FROM A PURELY MILIT>Y P]SPECTIVE1 = 9/ANCE1 ! =AG]S HAD DEF9ITE ADVANTAGES OV] ! ,BANTUS4 ,! ,BANTUS P]MAN5TLY OCCUPI$ VILLAGES :OSE LOCATIONS W]E EASY = AN 5EMY TO ASC]TA94 ,! ,SAN (T5 MOV$ !IR CAMPSITES1 TAK+ !IR SCANTY P]SONAL PROP]TY ) !M4 ,! ,BANTUS MA9LY LIV$ (F !IR CATTLE1 :OSE :]EAB\TS W]E EASILY KN[N1 & :I* C\LD BE /OL5 OR KILL$4 ,! ,SAN LIV$ (F ( WILD GAME & GA!R$ PLANT FOOD :I* NO 5EMY C\LD DE/ROY OR DESPOIL !M (4 ,! ,BANTUS C\LD PROBABLY MOBILIZE MORE MANP[] = W> ?AN ! ,SAN1 BUT TO DO :AT8 ,!RE'S NO REASON TO ?9K ?AT ,BU%M5 & ,BANTUS HAVE1 OR EV] HAD1 SOME CAUSE ( *RONIC CONFLICT4 ,WILMS5'S [N >GUM5T HOLDS O!RWISE4 ,! PEOPLES HAD SOME 9C5TIVE TO 9T]ACT1 P]HAPS SOME 9C5TIVE TO AVOID EA* O!R O!RWISE1 BUT NO KN[N 9C5TIVE TO WAGE P]MAN5T W> ON EA* O!R4 

,IT IS ABOVE ALL ) HI/ORY ?AT ,WILMS5 SEEKS TO OV]AWE ! AN?ROPOLOGI/S4 ,HIS BOOK IS V]Y MU* P>T ( ! HI/ORICAL TURN ! DISCIPL9E HAS TAK5 9 ! LA/ TW5TY YE>S4 0,PEOPLE )\T HI/ORY0.<#a#f#a.> NO:]E EXI/4 ,B]AT+ O!R AN?ROPOLOGI/S AS AHI/ORICAL POSSESSES A /RATEGIC ADVANTAGE = SOMEONE LIKE ,WILMS5 9 ADDITION TO ITS TR5D9ESS4 ,:5 HE CONTRADICTS ! E?NOGRAPHY ( A DOZ5 PR$ECESSORS1 !Y >E 9CL9$ TO RETORT ?AT EI!R CONDITIONS *ANG$ OR ,WILMS5 IS WRONG4 ,IT W\LDN'T BE ! FIR/ TIME AN AN?ROPOLOGI/ ) AN IDEOLOGICAL AG5DA W5T 9TO ! FIELD & SAW :AT HE WANT$ TO SEE4 ,BUT IF ,WILMS5 WAS A LATECOM]1 P]HAPS A TOO-LATECOM] TO ! FIELD1 HE WAS ALMO/ A PIONE] 9 ! >*IVES :]E TIME IS ON HIS SIDE4 ,IF ! O!RS PO9T TO ! #a#i#f'S1 HE CAN PO9T TO ! #a#h#f'S4 ,TAKE ?AT6 ,BUT !RE IS A CRUCIAL DISADVANTAGE TOO4 ,!RE IS NO RETURN+ TO ! E?NOGRAPHIC #a#i#f'S1 BUT ! >*IVAL #a#h#f'S >E AVAILABLE = O!RS TO VISIT4 ,WILMS5'S CRITICS DID RESE>* HIS S\RCES1 AS ,I RESE>*$ ,BOOK*9'S1 & ) ! SAME DEVA/AT+ RESULTS4 

,RI*>D ,B4 ,LEE & ,MA?IAS ,GU5!R S\<T \T ! TRAD]S' & TRAVEL]S' DI>IES 79 ,5GLI%1 ,G]MAN & ,AFRIKAANS71 ! MAPS1 ! LETT]S & ! O!R S\RCES ON :I* ,WILMS5 RELI$ TO PROVE ?AT ! REMOTE >ID REGION ( ! ,KALAH>I :]E ! ,LEE_/,DE,VORE AN?ROPOLOGI/S F\ND =AG+ ,SAN A C5TURY LAT] WAS A MAJOR TRADE CROSSROADS 9 ! MID-N9ETE5? C5TURY4 ,! ,DOBE >EA1 ACCORD+ TO ,WILMS51 0PULS$0 ) COMM]CIAL ACTIVITY 9 :I* ,EUROPEANS1 ,BANTUS & ,SAN W]E ALL HEAVILY 9VOLV$4 ,ON ?IS ACC\NT ! ,SAN1 H[EV]1 W]E H]D]S1 NOT HUNT]S -- !Y W]E ! S]FS ( ! ,BANTUS :OSE CATTLE !Y T5D$ -- & :5 DISEASE DECIMAT$ ! CATTLE 9 ! LATE N9ETE5? C5TURY1 ! ,SAN LO/ !IR LIVELIHOODS & W]E =C$ 9TO ! DES]T TO =AGE 70LIT]ALLY DEVOLV$1 PROBABLY V]Y MU* AGA9/ !IR WILL10 9 ,BOOK*9'S LE>N$ WORDS74 ,EV5 A PRIORI !RE WAS REASON TO D\BT ?IS REM>KABLE DISCOV]Y4 ,AS ,H>P5D+ WRITES3 0,!RE IS MORE TRADE ?R\< ,XAI ,XAI ?AN ANY:]E 9 ,S\? ,AFRICA6 ,YET ,XAI ,XAI IS P]HAPS ! MO/ REMOTE ISOLAT$ PLACE ,I HAVE EV] VISIT$4 ,I AM READY TO BELIEVE ?AT ! OCCASIONAL TRAD] %[$ UP AT ,XAI ,XAI1 BUT ,I AM NOT READY TO BELIEVE ?AT IT WAS EV] A HUB ( MAJOR TRADE R\TES40.<#a#f#b.> 

,ACCORD+ TO ,WILMS51 ! RECORDS LEFT BY ,EUROPEAN TRAD]S CONFIRM !IR COMM]CIAL ACTIVITY 9 ! ,DOBE >EA4 ,BUT NOT ACCORD+ TO ,LEE & ,GU5!R4.<#a#f#c.> ,REPEAT$LY1 ! DI>IES & MAPS CIT$ BY ,WILMS5 TO PLACE !SE ,EUROPEANS 9 OR NE> ! ,DOBE >EA ACTUALLY PLACE !M HUNDR$S ( KILOMET]S AWAY4 ,9 FACT1 ! ,EUROPEANS SAY ?AT !Y W5T WELL \T ( !IR WAY TO AVOID ! >EA4 ,IT WAS UNMAPP$ -- ALL ! MAPS ,WILMS5 REF]S TO DISPLAY ! ,DOBE >EA AS A BIG BLANK SPOT -- ITS COMM]CIAL POT5TIAL WAS LIMIT$1 & ITS 9HABITANTS1 :O W]E MO/LY ! !N-NUM]\S ,SAN1 W]E KN[N TO BE HO/ILE TO 9TRUD]S4 

,! *ICAN]Y DOESN'T 5D !RE4 ,WILMS5'S L+UI/IC FLIMFLAMM]Y1 PREVI\SLY NOT$1 ISN'T CONF9$ TO OBSCURE ,AFRICAN LANGUAGES :]E HE MI<T HOPE TO GET AWAY ) IT4 ,HE MI/RANSLATES ,G]MAN TOO4 ,ONE ( HIS MO/ HI<LY-HYP$ F9D+S IS 9 A ,G]MAN-LANGUAGE S\RCE :I*1 HE CLAIMS1 ID5TIFIES 0OX50 AT AN >*AEOLOGICAL ,SAN SITE4 ,! ,G]MAN WORD QUOT$ ACTUALLY MEANS ONIONS1 NOT OX54 ,LEE & ,GU5!R ALSO ADDUCE O!R MI/RANSLATIONS :I* EV5 ,I1 :OSE ,G]MAN IS SCANTY1 F\ND FI%Y4 ,9 SELF-S]V+ WAYS ,WILMS5 9S]TS WORDS :I* CLE>LY HAVE NO C\NT]P>TS 9 ! ,G]MAN ORIG9ALS1 USUALLY = ! PURPOSE ( FAK+ EVID5CE ( E?NIC /RATIFICATION4 

,REVISIONISM 9 ! EXTREME =M ESP\S$ BY ,WILMS5 IS UNT5ABLE1 BUT NO?+ LESS EXTREME DEBUNKS ! PRIMITIVE-AFFLU5CE !SIS AS ,BOOK*9 HAS C>ICATUR$ IT4 ,! READ] WILL BY N[ BE WE>Y ( 6,KUNG CALORIE-C\NT+ & K9DR$ ESOT]ICA3 & ,BOOK*9 IS C\NT+ ON IT4 ,HE DEPLOYS AN >GUM5T ALMO/ AS P]SUASIVE AS ! >GUM5T FROM =CE1 NAMELY1 ! >GUM5T FROM BOR$OM4 ,ANY?+ Y\ SAY1 ,MURRAY1 JU/ DON'T SAY IT TO ME6 ,ANYONE EV] 9VOLV$ ) A LEFTI/ GR\P KN[S ! S*OOL :]E ,BOOK*9 LE>N$ 0PROCESS40 ,BOOK*9'S P]V]SE P>ADISE IS PRECISELY ?IS PA?OLOGY G5]ALIZ$4.<#a#f#d.> ,! W9N] ( EV]Y >GUM5T IS ! GUY :O WON'T %UT UP1 ! ,LA/ ,MAN ,GR&/&+4 

,APP5DIX ,B3 0,EPITAPH TO ,BOOK*9ISM0 7A ,BLA/ FROM ! ,PA/7 

,H[ SURPRIS$ -- & !N1 H[ UNSURPRIS$ -- ,I WAS TO COME ACROSS EVID5CE ( A FRACAS #c YE>S AGO BETWE5 ,BOOK*9 7NOT YET A ,PR(ESSOR OR ,DIRECTOR7 & ! ,AM]ICAN ,SECTION ( ! ,SITUATIONI/ ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,! ,SITUATIONI/S ADJUDG$ TO BE UNACCEPTABLE ,BOOK*9'S >TICLES AB\T ! ,FR5* UPRIS+ ( #aifh :I* HAD APPE>$ 9 ! ,RAT1 AN UND]GR\ND NEWSPAP] 9 ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY4 ,PRESUMABLY !SE >TICLES >E ID5TICAL OR SUB/ANTIALLY EQUIVAL5T TO ! ONES ,BOOK*9 REPR9T$ 9 #a#i#g#a9 ,PO/-,SC>CITY ,AN>*ISM4.<#a#f#e.> ,SITUATIONI/S 7AL?\< NOT ! ,AM]ICANS AMONG !M7 9FLU5C$ & PROM95TLY P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! EV5TS ( ,MAY-,JUNE #a#i#f#h4 ,) HIS USUAL PRUD5CE & C\RAGE1 ,BOOK*9 TIM$ HIS >RIVAL 9 ,P>IS = AFT] ! 9SURG5CY 5D$4 ,S9CE ! #a#i#c'S HE HAS ALWAYS MANAG$ TO SIT \T EV]Y EV5 SLI<TLY REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION :I* MI<T HAVE BE5 EV5 SLI<TLY HAZ>D\S TO HIS HEAL?4 ,ANYWAY1 ! ,S,I'S ,AM]ICAN ,SECTION 7!N KN[N AS 0! ,C\NCIL07 PRODUC$ A CRITIQUE1 REJECT$ = PUBLICATION BY ! ,RAT1 :I* ,I HAVE NOT SE5 & ALMO/ NOBODY ELSE HAS EI!R4 ,= PRES5T PURPOSES ,I AM 9T]E/$1 NOT 9 ! M]ITS OR CONT5T ( ?IS CRITIQUE1 BUT 9 H[ *>ACT]I/ICALLY ,BOOK*9I/ WAS ,BOOK*9'S WAY ( DEAL+ ( IT3 

0,! ,C\NCIL WROTE ITS ',REPLY TO ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 ,CONC]N+ ,HIS ,!ORIES ( ! ,REC5T ,FR5* ',REVOLUTION' 9 RESPONSE TO ! LA/ ( ,BOOK*9'S S]IES ( >TICLES APPE>+ 9 ! ,RAT4 ,! $ITOR ( ?AT ,NEW ,YORK PAP] REJECT$ ! REPLY ON ! GR\NDS ?AT IT WAS OV] ! HEADS ( ! READ]%IP1 & ?AT IT LACK$ 5T]TA9M5T VALUE4 ,WE W]E ALSO TOLD ?AT SOME ( ! $ITOR'S OLD FRI5DS DID NOT UND]/& ?AT ! ,RAT JU/ REALLY WANT$ TO MAKE A BUCK4 

0,! ',REPLY' WAS MIMEOGRAPH$ 7) A COMM5T ON ITS FATE ) ! ,RAT71 DI/RIBUT$ BY H&1 & EV5TUALLY S5T \T 9 ! G5]AL MAIL+ ANN\NC+ ! ,C\NCIL'S DISSOLUTION & ! PLANS = ?IS MAGAZ9E4 ,BE=E ! MAIL+1 A COPY WAS S5T TO ,BOOK*9 7& HIS EV] LOYAL FOLL[]S1 ,H]B] & ,KELL]74 ,HE IMM$IATELY CONTACT$ US1 ASK+ IF WE W\LD EI!R PR9T AN ANSW] ?AT HE W\LD WRITE 9 REPLY OR CONS5T TO HIS S5D+ IT \T TO ! MAIL+ LI/ :I* W\LD BE RECEIV+ ! ',REPLY4' ,! ANSW]1 NATURALLY1 WAS NO4 

0,IT WAS1 ACCORD+ TO HIM1 \R 'DEMOCRATIC' RESPONSIBILITY TO ALL[ HIM TO ANSW] DIRECTLY TO ?OSE :O HAD RECEIV$ ! ',REPLY1' BUT NOT APP>5TLY HIS DEMOCRATIC RESPONSIBILITY TO SEE ?AT \R ',REPLY' F9D ITS WAY TO ?OSE :O HAD RECEIV$ HIS COMM5T>Y4 ,FAILURE TO DO SO NATURALLY SIGNIFI$ ?AT WE W]E NEI!R OP5 NOR DEMOCRATIC1 ?US ATTEMPT+ TO PLACE US 9 A POSITION ( HELP+ HIM DISSEM9ATE HIS IDEOLOGY4 ,! OBVI\S DUPLICITY -- & ATTEMPT$ MANIPULATION -- BEH9D ?IS LITTLE *>LATANISM HAS F\ND E*O 9 SUBSEQU5T DEVELOPM5TS4 

0,IT DOES NOT SEEM TO HAVE OCCURR$ AT ALL TO ,BOOK*9 ?AT HE C\LD HAVE PR9T$ ! ',REPLY' & HIS ANSW] 9 HIS [N MAGAZ9E ,AN>*OS1 :I* HAS S9CE APPE>$2 ?AT NO?+ ( ANY ( ?IS HAS BE5 MADE PUBLIC BY HIM2 ?AT RA!R HE HAS GONE AB\T SPREAD+ RUMORS FROM E> TO E> AB\T UNDEMOCRATIC PRACTICES :I* WE 5GAGE 94 

0,BOOK*9ISM1 PECULI> ,AM]ICAN V>IETY ( AN>*O-BOL%EVISM1 IS COMPRIS$ ( ?REE MA9 !ORETICAL FETI%ES3 ECOLOGY1 TE*NOLOGY & FALSE HI/ORICISM 7AS ,BOOK*9'S ,GREEK ECCLESIA ( ! FUTURE74 ,ITS EFFECTIVE PRACTICE IS MANIPULATIVE1 9 MEMORY ( ,L59I/ HUMANISM4 

0,HAV+ BROK5 ) ,BOOK*9 ALREADY 9 ,DECEMB] #aifg OV] HIS SPIRIT$ DEF5SE ( SACRIFICIAL MILITANTS & MY/ICS1 WE WILL ONLY ADD ?AT \R CONC]N IS ) 9DIVIDUALS CONSCI\SLY 5GAG$ 9 ! QUALITATIVE NEGATION ( CLASS SOCIETY 7:I*1 = ,BOOK*91 DOES NOT EXI/1 OR IF IT EXI/S1 DOES NOT MATT]74 ,FROM ?IS BASE1 REAL DIALOGUE ONLY TAKES PLACE 9 ! ACTIVE PROCESS ( DEMY/IFICATION4 ,TO /EP ASIDE TO BANT] ) AN IDEOLOGI/ :O PUBLICIZES ! FACT 7,AN>*OS1 BOOKS1 SPEE*ES1 LECTURES1 ETC47 W\LD BE TO GIVE UP ALL & RE5T] ! OLD WORLD ON ITS RULES40 

,APP5DIX ,C3 ,PRIMITIVISM & ! ,5LI<T5M5T 

0,!RE IS NO?+ NEW10 ! ,DIRECTOR ,EM]ITUS 9TONES1 0AB\T ! ROMANTICIZATION ( TRIBAL PEOPLES4 ,TWO C5TURIES AGO1 D5IZ5S ( ,P>IS1 FROM ,5LI<T5]S SU* AS ,D5IS ,DID]OT TO REACTION>IES LIKE ,M>IE ,ANTO9ETTE1 CREAT$ A CULT ( 'PRIMITIVISM' .<SIC.> ?AT SAW TRIBAL PEOPLE AS MORALLY SUP]IOR TO MEMB]S ( ,EUROPEAN SOCIETY1 :O PRESUMABLY W]E CORRUPT$ BY ! VISES ( CIVILIZATION40 ,ACTUALLY1 TWO C5TURIES AGO -- #agih -- !Y W]E BO? DEAD4 ,! ,DIRECTOR MAKES IT S\ND LIKE !Y W]E COLLABORATORS4 ,IF !RE WAS A ,P>ISIAN CULT ( ! PRIMITIVE1 ! AIRHEAD ,M>IE ,ANTO9ETTE 7D4 #a#g#i#c7 -- :O WAS ,AU/RIAN1 BY ! WAY -- HAD NO P>T 9 CREAT+ IT4 ,H] CULT ( *OICE WAS ,CA?OLICISM4 ,D5IS & ,M>IE NEV] MET4 ,&1 AS SO (T5 ) ,BOOK*91 ! QUOTATION M>KS >\ND 0PRIMITIVISM0 DO NOT ID5TIFY A QUOTATION1 !Y IMPLY DISAPPROVAL -- AN ABUSE1 ESPECIALLY RIFE AMONG ,M>XI/S1 :I* ,I HAVE ALREADY PROTE/$4.<#a#f#f.> ,NO ONE CALL$ HIMSELF A PRIMITIVI/ 9 ! EI<TE5? C5TURY4 ,! WORD DIDN'T 5T] ! ,5GLI% LANGUAGE UNTIL ! MID-TW5TIE? C5TURY4.<#a#f#g.> ,AM ,I QUIBBL+ AB\T DATES & DETAILS8 ,DOESN'T ! ,DIRECTOR8 ,?IS GUY CLAIMS TO DISC]N ! DIRECTIONALITY1 NOT ONLY ( HUMAN HI/ORY1 BUT ( NATURAL HI/ORY4 ,H[ CAN HE TELL :]E HI/ORY IS GO+ IF HE DOESN'T EV5 KN[ :]E IT'S BE51 OR EV5 :58 

,BOOK*9 MISDATES ! ROMANTICIZ+ ( ! PRIMITIVE NOT BY YE>S BUT BY C5TURIES &1 9 ! ,G>D5 ( ,$5 V]SION1 BY MILL5NIA4 ,! NOBLE SAVAGE WAS NOT DREAM$ UP AT A ,P>ISIAN SALON4 ,AL?\< IT IS NOT QUITE PRIMITIVISM1 ! PA/ORAL IDEAL GOES BACK TO ,BOOK*9'S DREAM-WORLD1 ! URBAN-DOM9AT$ WORLD ( CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY4.<#a#f#h.> ,! ,G]MAN B>B>IANS ( ,TACITUS >E LIKEWISE NOBLE & FREE4 ,EUROPEAN NOTIONS ( PRIMITIVE FRE$OM1 VIRTUE & COM=T >E AT LEA/ AS OLD AS EXT5SIVE ,EUROPEAN CONTACTS ) PRIMITIVE PEOPLES1 ESPECIALLY 9 ! ,AM]ICAS4 ,?AT WAS ,COLUMBUS' FIR/ IMPRESSION ( ! ,9DIANS1 & ! FIR/ IMPRESSION ( ,CAPTA9 ,JOHN ,SMI?4 ,NEI!R ( !SE CONQUI/ADORS WAS BY ANY /RET* ( ! IMAG9ATION AN ,5LI<T5M5T HUMANI/4 ,9 #a#e#h#d1 A SEA CAPTA9 WORK+ = ,SIR ,WALT] ,RALEI< SC\T$ ! COA/ ( ,VIRG9IA4 ,HE SAW IT AS A G>D5 ( 09CR$IBLE ABUNDANCE0 :OSE 9HABITANTS W]E 0MO/ G5TLE1 LOV+ & FAI?FULL1 VOIDE ( ALL GUILE & TREASON1 & SU* AS LIVE AFT] ! MANN] ( ! GOLD5 AGE40.<#a#f#i.> ,9 ,! ,TEMPE/ 7#a#f#a#a71 ! 0HONE/ OLD ,C\NCELLOR0 ,GONZALO 5VISAGES ,PROSP]O'S 5*ANT$ ISL& -- UND] HIS [N SELF-ABOLI%+ RULE -- AS AN AN>*I/1 COMMUNI/1 AMORAL1 LIB]T9E1 PACIFIC1 PRIMITIVI/1 Z][ORK COMMONWEAL?1 A PLACE NOT TO REPEAT ! MI/AKES ( CIVILIZATION4.<#a#g.> ,I AM NOT CLAIM+ ,%AKESPE>E AS A PRIMITIVI/1 ONLY AS A S5SITIVE WITNESS ?AT ONE POLE ( ! ,EUROPEAN P]CEPTION ( PRIMITIVES WAS ALREADY1 WELL1 PRIMITIVI/ 9 #a#f#a#a4 ,ACCURATE OR NOT1 !SE IMPRESSIONS 9DICATE AN ATTRACTION = ! PRIMITIVE :I* LONG ANT$ATES ! EI<TE5? C5TURY4 ,& IS IT SO UN?9KABLE ?AT SOME ( !SE E>LY-CONTACT IMPRESSIONS1 =M$ BE=E ,EUROPEAN AGGRESSION & SPOLIATION EMBITT]$ RELATIONS ) ! ,9DIANS1 MI<T BE TRUE8 ,SEV]AL HI/ORIANS -- HI/ORIANS1 M9D Y\1 NOT AN?ROPOLOGI/S -- BELIEVE ?AT !Y >E4.<#a#g#a.> ,?AT !RE IS NO?+ NEW AB\T AN IDEA DOES NOT MEAN ?AT !RE IS NO?+ TRUE AB\T IT4 ,PY?AGORAS1 NOT ,PTOLEMY1 TURN$ \T TO BE RI<T AB\T ! MOVEM5T ( ! E>?4 

,( ALL ! ?+S ,BOOK*9 DOES BADLY1 9TELLECTUAL HI/ORY MAY BE ! WOR/4 ,HE IS H>DLY CAPABLE ( AN ACCURATE /ATEM5T AB\T ! HI/ORY ( RELIGION4 ,AT ONE PO9T -- ACTUALLY1 AT TOO MANY PO9TS -- HE CA/IGATES ,DAVID ,WATSON = ?9K+ ?AT CIVILIZATION AS SU* REPRES5TS REGRESSION = HUMANITY4 ,! ,DIRECTOR MAKES ! OBVI\S COMP>ISON TO ! ,G>D5 ( ,$5 /ORY1 ) :I* ,I F9D NO FAULT EXCEPT = ITS BANALITY4 ,HE %\LD HAVE LEFT IT AT ?AT4 ,EV]Y?+ HE GOES ON TO SAY REVEALS HIM AS AN IGNORANT BIGOT4 

0,?IS SORT ( RUBBI%10 HE CONT9UES 9 HIS USUAL DISPASSIONATE VOICE1 0MAY HAVE BE5 GOOD CO9 9 M$IEVAL UNIV]SITIES40 ,EVID5TLY ,BOOK*9 IS UNFAMILI> ) ! CURRICULA ( M$IEVAL UNIV]SITIES4 ,!Y TAU<T ! ,?OMI/ 9T]PRETATION ( ,>I/OTELIAN TELEOLOGY1 :I* ,BOOK*9'S DIALECTICAL NATURALISM IS MU* CLOS] TO ?AN IT IS TO ! ME*ANI/IC PHILOSOPHY ( HIS REV]$ ,5LI<T5M5T4 ,(FICIAL ,*RI/IANITY WAS NEV] ANTI-URBAN OR ANTI-CIVILIZATIONAL4 ,*RI/IANITY ORIG9AT$ 9 ! URBAN-DOM9AT$ ,ROMAN ,EMPIRE1 & ITS ORIG9AL APPEAL WAS 9 ! CITIES1 NOT ! C\NTRYSIDE -- ! WORD 0PAGAN0 D]IVES FROM ! SAME ROOT AS ! WORD 0PEASANT40 ,SA9T ,AUGU/9E W\LD NOT HAVE WRITT5 ( ! ,CITY ( ,GOD IF HE ?\<T ,GOD HAD SOME?+ AGA9/ CITIES4 ,! M$IEVAL UNIV]SITY WAS A PURELY URBAN 9/ITUTION4 

,*RI/IAN OR?ODOXY HAS NEV] 9T]PRET$ HUMAN HI/ORY OR DE/9Y AS ! RECOV]Y ( ! PRIMAL 9NOC5CE PREC$+ ! ,FALL4 ,?AT WAS ! TEA*+ ( AN>*IC H]ETICS LIKE ! ,BRE?R5 ( ! ,FREE ,SPIRIT1 ! ,ADAMITES1 ! ,DIGG]S & ! ,RANT]S4 ,*RI/IANITY1 LIKE ,M>XISM & ,BOOK*9ISM1 IS =W>D-LOOK+1 ES*ATOLOGICAL4 ,! ,K+DOM ( ,HEAV5 IS NOT ! ,G>D5 ( ,$5 RE/OR$1 IT'S ! ,CITY ( ,GOD1 ! ULTIMATE POLIS1 EXCEPT ?AT A LOV+ ,LORD AS A SPECIAL BLESS+ ON ! SAV$ EXCUSES !M FROM ATT5D+ T[N MEET+S4 ,9 ! ,REPUBLIC ( ,HELL1 ATT5DANCE IS OBLIGATORY = ALL ET]NITY4 ,BY ! #a#h? C5TURY1 ! DOM9ANT T5D5CY 9 RELIGI\S ?\<T WAS TO REG>D ! ,FALL AS AN 0EPISODE 9 PREHI/ORY0 M>K+ ! ORIG9 ( HUMAN SOCIETY1 & NOT SU* A BAD ?+ AFT] ALL4.<#a#g#b.> 

,SO H]E'S ! ,DIRECTOR'S NEXT S5T5CE3 0,BUT 9 ! LATE ,MIDDLE ,AGES1 FEW IDEAS 9 ,*RI/IAN !OLOGY DID MORE TO HOLD BACK ADVANCES 9 SCI5CE & EXP]IM5TAL RESE>* ?AN ! NOTION ?AT ) ! ,FALL1 HUMANITY LO/ ITS 9NOC5CE40 ,TRY AS ,I HAVE1 ,I AM UNABLE TO UND]/& :Y ! NOTION ?AT HUMANITY LO/ ITS 9NOC5CE %\LD RET>D SCI5TIFIC PROGRESS4 ,SO F> AS ,I KN[1 NO HI/ORIAN HAS EV] SAID SO4 ,& ,I'M UNAW>E ?AT ANYONE 9 ! LAT] ,MIDDLE ,AGES WAS EV5 TRY+ TO CONDUCT EXP]IM5TAL RESE>*1 ASIDE FROM ! AL*EMI/S4 ,PRESUMABLY1 IF ! ,FALL-FROM-9NOC5CE IDEA RET>D$ SCI5TIFIC & TE*NOLOGICAL PROGRESS 9 ! LATE ,MIDDLE ,AGES1 IT MU/ HAVE DONE SO ?R\<\T ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES4 ,?AT NE>LY REV]SES ! REALITY4 ,SCI5TIFIC PROGRESS1 IT IS TRUE1 WAS SL[$ BY ! PREVAIL+ IDEOLOGY -- NOT BY ,*RI/IANITY1 BUT BY IDEAS 9H]IT$ FROM PAGAN CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY1 FROM M5 LIKE ,>I/OTLE1 ,GAL5 & ,PTOLEMY4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 !RE WAS RAPID TE*NOLOGICAL PROGRESS1 UNLIKE ! /AGNATION ( ,GREEK & ,ROMAN TIMES4 ,! MOLD-BO>D PL[ OP5$ UP VA/ NEW T]RITORIES = F>M+4 ,O!R 9NOVATIONS 9CLUD$ ! W9DMILL1 ! CLOCK1 & ADVANCES 9 %IPBUILD+ & NAVIGATION DE/9$ TO TRANS=M ! WORLD4 ,MILIT>Y TE*NOLOGY1 ESPECIALLY1 PROGRESS$ BY 9V5TION & ADOPTION3 HEAVY >MOR$ CAVALRY1 ! LONGB[1 ! CROSSB[1 >TILL]Y1 FIRE>MS1 /ONE CA/LES1 ETC4 ,>*ITECTURE SURPASS$ ITS CLASSICAL LIMITATIONS -- ,BOOK*9'S BELOV$ ,A!NIAN POLIS C\LD NEV] HAVE BUILT ,NOT] ,DAME4 

,! ,SAGE ( ,BURL+TON CONT9UES3 0,ONE ( ! ,5LI<T5M5T'S GREAT A*IEVEM5TS WAS TO PROVIDE A CRITICAL P]SPECTIVE ON ! PA/1 D5\NC+ ! TABOOS & %AMANI/IC TRICK]Y ?AT MADE TRIBAL PEOPLES ! VICTIMS ( UN?9K+ CU/OM AS WELL AS ! IRRATIONALITIES ?AT KEPT !M 9 BONDAGE TO HI]>*Y & CLASS RULE1 DESPITE .<8.> ITS D5UNCIATIONS ( ,WE/]N CANT & >TIFICIALITIES40 ,MOPP+ UP ?IS MESS WILL TAKE ME A:ILE4 

,HAV+ CR$IT$1 OR RA!R DISCR$IT$1 ! ,5LI<T5M5T ) 9V5T+ PRIMITIVISM1 ! ,DIRECTOR N[ CR$ITS IT ) REFUT+ PRIMITIVISM BY D5\NC+ ! TABOOS & TRICKY %AMANS HOLD+ TRIBAL PEOPLES 9 BONDAGE4 ,BUT H[ W\LD 0A CRITICAL P]SPECTIVE ON ! PA/0 BR+ AB\T !SE 9SI<TS8 #a#h? C5TURY ,EUROPEANS HAD LITTLE 9T]E/ 9 & LESS KN[L$GE ( ! HI/ORIES ( ANY TRIBAL PEOPLES EXCEPT ?OSE M5TION$ 9 ! ,BIBLE & ! CLASSICS4 ,!Y W\LDN'T HAVE BE5 ABLE TO LE>N MU* EV5 IF !Y WANT$ TO4 ,!Y W]E B>ELY BEG9N+ TO LE>N H[ TO UND]/& !IR [N HI/ORIES4 ,ANY?+ RESEMBL+ :AT WE N[ CALL E?NOHI/ORY WAS IMPOSSIBLE !N4 ,BOOK*9 IMPLIES ?AT ! ,AGE ( ,REASON WAS ! FIR/ HI/ORICI/ P]IOD4 ,9 FACT IT WAS ! LA/ P]IOD :I* WAS NOT4 ,! ,5LI<T5$ ONES TYPICALLY POSIT$ A UNIV]SAL1 9V>IANT HUMAN NATURE4 ,PEOPLE >E ALWAYS & EV]Y:]E ! SAME3 ONLY !IR CIRCUM/ANCES >E DIFF]5T4 ,! SAME CIRCUM/ANCES ALWAYS DET]M9E ! SAME BEHAVIOR4 ,A POLITICIAN 9 #a#h? C5TURY ,BRITA9 OR ,AM]ICA1 = 9/ANCE1 WILL ACT ! SAME WAY AS AN ,A!NIAN OR ,ROMAN OR ,FLOR5T9E POLITICIAN ACT$1 AS REPORT$ BY ,?UCYDIDES1 ,LIVY & ,MA*IAVELLI1 9 ! SAME SITUATION4 ,SO REALLY !RE WAS LITTLE TO LE>N FROM ! PRIMITIVES4 ,!Y W]E M]ELY CONTEMPOR>Y CONFIRMATORY EXAMPLES ( A /AGE ( SOCIETY ALREADY 9F]R$ FROM ,HOM] & ,HESIOD & ,TACITUS & ! ,OLD ,TE/AM5T4 

0,%AMANI/IC TRICK]Y0 IS ! CRUDE/ K9D ( SOAPBOX FREE?\<T CLI*E4 ,MANY PRIMITIVE PEOPLES HAVE NO %AMANS TO DUPE !M4 ,MANY >E NOT 9 ?RALL TO SUP]NATURAL FE>S2 SOME HAVE A RA!R CASUAL ATTITUDE T[>D ! SPIRIT WORLD4 ,%AMANS -- HEAL]S ?R\< ACCESS TO ! SUP]NATURAL -- >5'T FRAUDS3 !Y BELIEVE 9 :AT !Y DO4.<#a#g#c.> ,& :AT !Y DO DOES HELP4 ,M$ICAL SCI5CE IS TAK+ GREAT 9T]E/ 9 !IR M$ICATIONS4 ,BEYOND ?AT1 %AMANS ALLEVIATE ! SUFF]+ ( VICTIMS ( ILLNESS JU/ BY PROVID+ AN EXPLANATION = IT4 ,AM]ICAN PHYSICIANS S]VE ! SAME %AMANI/IC FUNCTION1 & !Y KN[ ?AT !Y DO4.<#a#g#d.> 

,CU/OM IS NOT NECESS>ILY IRRATIONAL3 9DE$ NO SOCIETY C\LD FUNCTION )\T IT4 ,CALL+ A CU/OM A TABOO DOES NOT DEMON/RATE ITS IRRATIONALITY4 ,! TABOO AGA9/ DRIV+ ON ! LEFT SIDE ( ! ROAD1 = 9/ANCE -- :I* WAS A CU/OM LONG BE=E IT WAS 5ACT$ 9TO LAW.<#a#g#e.> -- IS A V]Y S5SIBLE APPROA* TO TRAFFIC REGULATION4 ,IT W\LD BE JU/ AS S5SIBLE TO PLACE ! TABOO AGA9/ DRIV+ ON ! RI<T SIDE1 AS MO/ C\NTRIES DO1 BUT ?AT DOESN'T MAKE EI!R TABOO IRRATIONAL1 EV5 IF IT HAD ORIG9AT$ 9 SOME SUP]/ITION4 ,CONSID] FOOD TABOOS4 ,?US ONE MAY BE A VEGET>IAN = ANY ( SEV]AL REASONS -- RELIGION1 MORALITY1 POLITICS1 F9ANCES1 HEAL? -- BUT IF ! PRACTICE HAS POSITIVE CONSEQU5CES1 IT HAS !M REG>DLESS ( MOTIVATION4 ,EV5 SO RATIONAL A MAN AS ,MURRAY ,BOOK*91 ,I SUSPECT1 DOES NOT EAT ! 9SECTS AVAILABLE 9 HIS BACK Y>D1 AL?\< ?AT MI<T R$UCE HIS FOOD BILL A BIT4 ,IT MAKES NO S5SE TO CALL A FOOD TABOO IRRATIONAL IF !RE IS O!R FOOD AVAILABLE4 ,& USUALLY1 IF ! ALT]NATIVE TO TRANSGRESS+ ! TABOO IS />VATION1 PEOPLE TRANSGRESS IT1 AS 9 CASES ( LIFEBOAT CANNIBALISM4 

,AS 9 ,S,A,L,A1 ,BOOK*9'S *OICE ( WORDS BETRAYS HIS IGNORANCE ( REAL-LIFE PRIMITIVES4 ,9 ! ABOVE QUOTATION1 HE BLAMES ! IRRATIONALITIES ( TRIBAL PEOPLES1 SU* AS TABOOS & %AMANI/IC TRICK]Y1 = KEEP+ !M 9 BONDAGE TO HI]>*Y & CLASS RULE4 ,MO/ TRIBAL PEOPLES EXHIBIT F> LESS HI]>*Y ?AN ANY CIVILIZATION EV] HAS4 ,& ALMO/ BY DEF9ITION1 TRIBES >E NOT SUBJECT TO CLASS RULE4 ,BY WAY ( ! PRIMITIVI/S1 MO/ AN>*I/S HAVE BE5 EXPOS$ TO !SE AN?ROPOLOGICAL COMMONPLACES4 ,9DE$1 !Y MAY BE F\ND 9 ,KROPOTK91 GREATE/ ( ! ,SOCIAL ,AN>*I/S4 ,:AT K9D ( IDIOTS DOES ,BOOK*9 TAKE US =4 

  

.<#a.> ,HEGEL3 ,TEXTS & ,COMM5T>Y1 TRANSLAT$ & $IT$ BY ,WALT] ,KAUFMAN 7,G>D5 ,CITY1 ,N,Y3 ,AN*OR ,BOOKS1 #a#i#f#f71 #a#a4 0,! FEET ( !M :I* HAVE BURI$ ?Y HUSB& >E AT ! DOOR1 & %ALL C>RY !E \T0 7,ACTS #e3#i74 

.<#b.> ,MURRAY ,BOOK*91 ,SOCIAL ,AN>*ISM OR ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*ISM3 ,AN ,UNBRIDGEABLE ,*ASM 7,$9BUR<1 ,SCOTL& @& ,SAN ,FRANCISCO1 ,C,A3 ,A,K ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#e7 .<H]EAFT] ,S,A,L,A.>4 

.<#c.> ,BOB ,BLACK1 ,AN>*Y AFT] ,LEFTISM 7,COLUMBIA1 ,M,O3 ,C4,A4,L4 ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#f7 .<H]EAFT]3 ,A,A,L.>2 ,DAVID ,WATSON1 ,BEYOND ,BOOK*93 ,PREFACE = A ,FUTURE ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY 7,BROOKLYN1 ,N,Y3 ,AUTONOM$IA & ,DETROIT3 ,BLACK @& ,R$1 #a#i#i#f74 

.<#d.> 0,MAX ,ANG]10 0,LIES1 ,DAMN$ ,LIES -- & ,TROTSKYOID ,LIES10 ,AN>*Y3 ,A ,J\RNAL ( ,DESIRE ,>M$ #a#f7#a7 7,SPR+-,SUMM] #a#i#i#h71 #ha 70EXCELL5T & TIMELY072 ,FRANK ,GIR>D1 REVIEW ( ,S,A,L,A1 ,DISCUSSION ,BULLET9 ,NO4 #hb 7#a#i#i#g74 

.<#e.> ,=?COM+ FROM ,A,K ,PRESS4 0,:I!R ,AN>*ISM0 IS AVAILABLE ELECTRONICALLY FROM ,AN>*Y ,PRESS2 9 ?AT =MAT IT IS UNPAG9AT$4 

.<#f.> ,?IS /ATEM5T IS TYPICAL ( ,BOOK*9'S DECL9+ CAPACITY TO EXPRESS HIMSELF4 ,HE DOESN'T MEAN :AT HE SAYS1 ?AT ! CITATION IS AN \TRI<T FABRICATION3 ! DOCUM5T 0,GODD>D ,COLLEGE #a#i#i#e0 DOES EXI/1 AS HE HAD JU/ CONFIRM$4 ,HE MEANT TO SAY ?AT MY ALLEG$ IMPLICATION 7?AT IT SUPPORTS ! ATTRIBUTION ( ,DEANLY /ATUS7 IS AN \TRI<T FABRICATION4 ,SIMIL> ]RORS AB\ND 9 0,:I!R ,AN>*ISM80 

.<#g.> ,BLACK1 ,A,A,L1 #a#h4 

.<#h.> ,I KN[ ?AT ! LA/ P>T ( ! S5T5CE IS NONS5SICAL1 BUT ! QUOTATION IS ACCURATE4 

.<#i.> ,WATSON1 ,BEYOND ,BOOK*91 #* N4 #b#a4 

.<#a.> ,BOOK*91 ,S,A,L,A1 #f#g4 

.<#a#a.> ,BLACK1 ,A,A,L1 #b#h4 

.<#a#b.> ,H4,L4 ,M5CK51 ,! ,AM]ICAN ,LANGUAGE3 ,SUPPLEM5T ,ONE 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,ALFR$ ,A4 ,KNOPF1 #a#i#f#b71 #c#f4 

.<#a#c.> ,BOOK*91 ,S,A,L,A1 #b-#b#f4 

.<#a#d.> ,HOBBES HIMSELF BELIEV$ ?IS CONDITION 0WAS NEV] G5]ALLY SO1 OV] ALL ! WORLD3 BUT !RE >E MANY PLACES :]E !Y LIVE SO N[10 AS 9 MANY P>TS ( ,AM]ICA4 ,HIS !ORY IS AN 0,9F]5CE1 MADE FROM ! PASSIONS0 -- D$UCTIVE1 NOT 9DUCTIVE4 ,?OMAS ,HOBBES1 ,LEVIA?AN1 $4 ,C4,B4 ,MACPH]SON 7,H>MONDSWOR?1 ,MIDDLESEX1 ,5GL&3 ,P5GU9 ,BOOKS1 #a#i#f#h71 #a#h#g1 #a#h#f2 CF4 ,C4,B4 ,MACPH]SON1 ,! ,POLITICAL ,!ORY ( ,POSSESSIVE ,9DIVIDUALISM3 ,HOBBES TO ,LOCKE 7,LONDON3 ,OX=D ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#f#d71 #b4 

.<#a#e.> ,BOB ,BLACK1 0,PRIMITIVE ,AFFLU5CE10 9 ,FRI5DLY ,FIRE 7,BROOKLYN1 ,N,Y3 ,AUTONOM$IA1 #a#i#i#b711 #a#i-#d#a4 

.<#a#f.> ,BLACK1 ,A,A,L1 #i#c-#i#f4 

.<#a#g.> ,$W9 ,N4 ,WILMS51 ,L& ,FILL$ ) ,FLIES3 ,A ,POLITICAL ,ECONOMY ( ! ,KALAH>I 7,*ICAGO @& ,LONDON3 ,! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,*ICAGO ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#i72 ,?OMAS ,N4 ,HEADL&1 0,P>ADISE ,REVIS$ .<A REVIEW ( ,WILMS5.>10 ,SEPT4-,OCT4 #a#i#i1 #d#e-#e2 ,ROG] ,LEW91 0,NEW ,VIEWS ,EM]GE ON ,HUNT]S & ,GA!R]S10 ,SCI5CE #bd 7,MAY #b#g1 #a#i#h#h71 #a#a#d#f-#a#a#d#g 70,PA/ ,P]SPECTIVES10 CIT$ BY ,BOOK*9 AS IF IT W]E AN 9DEP5D5T >TICLE1 IS JU/ A F\R-P>AGRAPH SIDEB> TO ! ,LEW9 >TICLE74 

.<#a#h.> ,LEW91 0,NEW ,VIEWS ,EM]GE ON ,HUNT]S & ,GA!R]S10 #a#a#d#f-#a#a#d#g4 

.<#a#i.> ,ALAN ,B>N>D1 ,! ,KALAH>I ,DEBATE3 ,A ,BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ,ESSAY 7,$9BUR<3 ,$9BUR< ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#b74 

.<#b.> ,HEADL&1 0,P>ADISE ,REVIS$40 ,NOTE ?AT ! TITLE IS 0,P>ADISE ,REVIS$10 NOT 0,P>ADISE ,REFUT$40 

.<#b#a.> ,?OMAS ,N4 ,HEADL&1 0,REVISIONISM 9 ,ECOLOGICAL ,AN?ROPOLOGY10 ,CURR5T ,AN?ROPOLOGY #c#h7#d7 7,AUG4-,OCT4 #a#i#i#g71 #f#i4 

.<#b#b.> ,M4,A4,P4 ,R5\F1 0,S$5T>Y ,HUNT]-,GA!R]S3 ,A ,CASE = ,NOR?WE/ ,COA/S10 9 ,BETWE5 ,B&S & ,/ATES1 $4 ,SUSAN ,GREGG 7,C>BONDALE1 ,I,L3 ,S\!RN ,UNIV]SITY ( ,ILL9OIS AT ,C>BONDALE1 #a#i#i#a71 #i2 SEE ALSO ,M>G>ET ,W4 ,CONKEY1 0,TO ,F9D ,\RSELVES3 ,>T & ,SOCIAL ,GEOGRAPHY ( ,PREHI/ORIC ,HUNT]-,GA!R]S10 9 ,PA/ & ,PRES5T 9 ,HUNT] ,GA!R] ,SOCIETIES1 $4 ,C>MEL ,S*RIRE 7,ORL&O1 ,F,L3 ,ACADEMIC ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#d71 #b#e#g4 

.<#b#c.> ,A,A,L1 #a#f1 QUOT+ ,BOB ,BLACK1 ,FRI5DLY ,FIRE 7,BROOKLYN1 ,N,Y3 ,AUTONOM$IA1 #a#i#i#b71 #e#d4 

.<#b#d.> ,BOOK*91 ,S,A,L,A1 #d#a4 

.<#b#e.> ,I 9F] ?IS = TWO REASONS4 ,ONE IS ?AT ,BOOK*9 NEV] CITES IT1 RA!R CIT+ A BRIEF EXC]PT FROM IT1 0,NOTES ON ! ,ORIG9AL ,AFFLU5T ,SOCIETY10 FROM ,MAN ! ,HUNT]1 $4 ,RI*>D ,B4 ,LEE & ,]V5 ,DE,VORE 7,*ICAGO3 ,ALD9E-,A!RTON1 #a#i#f#h74 ,! O!R IS ?AT :5 ,BOOK*9 REF]S TO ,SAHL9S1 HE ALWAYS ASSUMES ?AT ,SAHL9'S ONLY DATA W]E ?OSE ON ! ,SAN SUPPLI$ BY ,LEE4 ,9 FACT1 ,SAHL9S PROVID$ A SECOND EXT5D$ EXAMPLE -- ! ,AU/RALIAN ABORIG9ES -- BAS$ ON BO? HI/ORICAL & E?NOGRAPHIC EVID5CE1 AS ,I M5TION$ 9 ,FRI5DLY ,FIRE1 #a#i4 

.<#b#f.> ,M>%ALL ,SAHL9S1 ,/ONE ,AGE ,ECONOMICS 7,*ICAGO3 ,ALD9E-,A!RTON1 #a#i#g#b71 #a#d4 

.<#b#g.> ,RI*>D ,B4 ,LEE1 ,! 6,KUNG ,SAN3 ,M51 ,WOM51 & ,WORK 9 A ,=AG+ ,SOCIETY 7,CAMBRIDGE3 ,CAMBRIDGE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#g#i71 #b#e#f4 

.<#b#h.> ,ANO!R MANIFE/ATION ( ,BOOK*9'S FALT]+ COMM& ( ! ,5GLI% LANGUAGE3 :AT'S ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 0MAT]IAL0 & 0NATURAL0 SUBSI/5CE UNC]TA9TIES = HUNT]-GA!R]S :OSE WAY ( LIFE HE REPUDIATES PRECISELY BECAUSE IT IS M]ELY NATURAL8 

.<#b#i.> ,I JU/ NOTIC$ ?AT ! ,DIRECTOR1 9 0,:I!R ,AN>*ISM80 :5 HE CITES ,SAHL9S1 CITES ,SAHL9S' BRIEF COMM5TS FROM ! 0,MAN ! ,HUNT]0 CONF]5CE AS REPR9T$ 9 ,RI*>D ,B4 ,LEE @& ,]V9 ,DE,VORE1 $S41 ,MAN ! ,HUNT] 7,*ICAGO3 ,ALD9E ,PUBLI%+ ,COMPANY1 #a#i#f#h74 ,?IS IS NOT ! 9FLU5TIAL ,SAHL9S ESSAY 0,! ,ORIG9AL ,AFFLU5T ,SOCIETY10 M]ELY A FEW ( ITS HI<LI<TS4 ,IT DOES NOT APPE> AS IF ! ,DIRECTOR ,EM]ITUS EV] DID READ ! ESSAY1 :I* IS F> MORE ?AN A %ORT SUMM>Y ( ,LEE'S RESE>* AMONG ! 6,KUNG ,SAN4 

.<#c.> ,BLACK1 ,FRI5DLY ,FIRE1 #c#c4 

.<#c#a.> ,SO]N ,KI]KEGA>D1 ,FE> & ,TREMBL+_/,! ,SICKNESS ,UNTO ,DEA? 7,G>D5 ,CITY1 ,N,Y3 ,D\BL$AY ,AN*OR ,BOOKS1 N4D471 #a#c#a4 

.<#c#b.> ,MURRAY ,BOOK*91 ,T[>D AN ,ECOLOGICAL ,SOCIETY 7,MONTREAL1 ,CANADA3 ,BLACK ,ROSE ,BOOKS1 #a#i#h71 #d#e4 

.<#c#c.> 0,PHYSIOLOGICAL OR ,NATURAL ,PATRIOTISM10 9 ,FROM ,\T ( ! ,DU/B93 ,BAKUN9'S ,BASIC ,WRIT+S1 #a#h#f#i-#a#h#g#a1 $4 ,ROB]T ,M4 ,CUTL] 7,ANN ,>BOR1 ,M,I3 ,>DIS ,PUBLI%]S1 #a#i#h#e71 #a#i-#a#i#a4 

.<#c#d.> 0,M5 KN[ NO OCCUPATIONS O!R ?AN HUNT+ & W>R+1 :I* \R [N CIVILIZATION /ILL CONSID]S ! MO/ NOBLE CALL+S2 4440 ,IBID41 #a#i#a4 ,I HA/5 TO CONFESS ?AT ,I HAVE TRUNCAT$ ! /ATEM5T TO REMOVE A REF]5CE TO ! WOM5 DO+ ALL ! REAL WORK4 ,I DID SO BECAUSE IT ISN'T TRUE4 ,BAKUN9 REPEATS ! /&>D MISP]CEPTION ( ,EUROPEANS :O ONLY OBS]V$ ,9DIANS 9 !IR VILLAGES1 NOT ON 0! HUNT -- :]E ! WRIT+ K9D ( ,EUROPEAN DOES NOT SEEM TO HAVE FOLL[$40 ,FRANCIS ,J5N+S1 ,! ,9VASION ( ,AM]ICA3 ,9DIANS1 ,COLONIALISM1 & ! ,CANT ( ,CONQUE/ 7,NEW ,YORK @& ,LONDON3 ,W4,W4 ,NORTON @& ,CO41 #a#i#g#f71 #i#b4 ,RI*>D ,B4 ,LEE F\ND ?AT ,SAN WOM5 DID LESS WORK ?AN ,SAN M54 ,LEE1 ,! 6,KUNG ,SAN1 #b#g#g-#b#g#h4 

.<#c#e.> 0,:5 WE CONSID] PEOPLE LIV+ UND] SOME ( ! H>%E/1 MO/ COMM&+ CONDITIONS ON E>?1 :O CAN NEV]!LESS DO :AT !Y LIKE :5 ! NOTION OCCURS TO !M1 WE %\LD BE ABLE TO WITNESS ! CONTEMPOR>Y D\BT AB\T CIVILIZATION'S SUP]IORITY )\T GR[+ 9DIGNANT40 ,WATSON1 ,BEYOND ,BOOK*91 #b#d4 ,WI%FUL ?9K+3 !RE IS V]Y LITTLE ?AT ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 WITNESSES1 EXCEPT ,V]MONT T[N MEET+S & SEM9>S /OCK$ ) HIS ACOLYTES1 )\T GR[+ 9DIGNANT4 ,AFT] QUOT+ SCRAPS ( ,WATSON'S S5T5CE1 ! ,DIRECTOR DELIV]S A DAMN+ RIPO/E3 0,ONE CAN ONLY GASP3 ,REALLY60 

.<#c#f.> 0,! ,ABOLITION ( ,WORK10 9 ,BOB ,BLACK1 ,! ,ABOLITION ( ,WORK & ,O!R ,ESSAYS 7,PORT ,T[NS5D1 ,W,A3 ,LOOMPANICS ,UNLIMIT$1 #a#i#h#f71 #a#g-#c#c1 & 9 MANY MORE PLACES4 ,9 ! UTT]LY UNLIKELY EV5T ! ,DIRECTOR NEV] SAW IT BE=E1 HE C]TA9LY SAW IT 9 ,RE9V5T+ ,AN>*Y1 ,AGA91 $4 ,H[>D ,J4 ,EHRLI* 7,$9BUR<1 ,SCOTL& @& ,SAN ,FRANCISCO1 ,C,A3 ,A,K ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#f71 #b#c#f-#b#e#c1 ALONG ) ,MURRAY ,BOOK*91 0,AN>*ISM3 ,PA/ & ,PRES5T10 #a#i-#c4 0,ABOLITION0 HAS BE5 PUBLI%$ 9 TRANSLATION 9 ,RUSSIAN1 ,FR5*1 ,G]MAN1 ,ITALIAN1 ,SPANI%1 ,DUT*1 & ,SLOV5E4 ,A ,F9NI% TRANSLATION IS 9 ! WORKS4 

.<#c#g.> ,IBID42 ,FRI5DLY ,FIRE1 #a#a-#f#b2 ,A,A,L1 *4 #i @& PASSIM2 0,:AT'S ,WRONG ,) ,?IS ,PICTURE80 ,AN>*Y3 ,A ,J\RNAL ( ,DESIRE ,>M$1 ,NO4 #dc 7,SPR+_/,SUMM] #a#i#i#g73 #a#a-#a#d 7REVIEW+ ,J]EMY ,RIFK91 ,! ,5D ( ,WORK74 

.<#c#h.> 0,ZHU0 IS NOT A SYNONYM = 0,SAN10 RA!R1 IT IS ONE ( ! ?REE REGIONAL DIVISIONS ( ! 6,KUNG-SPEAK+ NOR!RN ,SAN PEOPLES4 ,LEE1 ,! 6,KUNG ,SAN1 #c#g-#c#h4 

.<#c#i.> ,CIT+ ,LEE1 ,! 6,KUNG ,SAN1 #b#g#h4 

.<#d.> ,BLACK1 ,FRI5DLY ,FIRE1 #b4 

.<#d#a.> ,BLACK1 ,FRI5DLY ,FIRE1 #b4 

.<#d#b.> ,BLACK1 ,FRI5DLY ,FIRE1 #b-#b#a1 CIT+ ,LEE1 ,! 6,KUNG ,SAN1 #b#g#g-#b#g#h4 

.<#d#c.> ,JULIET ,B4 ,S*OR1 ,! ,OV]WORK$ ,AM]ICAN3 ,! ,UNEXPECT$ ,DECL9E ( ,LEISURE 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,BASIC,BOOKS1 #a#i#i#b71 #h#c4 

.<#d#d.> ,QUOT$ 9 ,LEW91 0,NEW ,VIEWS ,EM]GE ON ,HUNT]S & ,GA!R]S10 #a#a#d#f4 

.<#d#e.> ,LEW91 0,NEW ,VIEWS ,EM]GE ON ,HUNT]S & ,GA!R]S10 #a#a#d#g4 

.<#d#f.> ,JIRI ,TANAKA1 ,! ,SAN3 ,HUNT]-,GA!R]S ( ! ,KALAH>I3 ,A ,/UDY 9 ,ECOLOGICAL ,AN?ROPOLOGY 7,TOKYO1 ,JAPAN3 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,TOKYO1 #a#i#h71 #g#g4 

.<#d#g.> ,IBID41 #g#h4 

.<#d#h.> ,HEADL&1 0,P>ADISE ,REVIS$10 #d#f1 #d#h4 

.<#d#i.> ,BLACK1 ,FRI5DLY ,FIRE1 #b#g1 CIT+ ,JOSEPH ,EY] & ,PET] ,/]L+1 0,/RESS-,RELAT$ ,MORTALITY & ,SOCIAL ,ORGANIZATION10 ,REVIEW ( ,RADICAL ,POLITICAL ,ECONOMICS #i7#a7 7,SPR+ #a#i#g#g71 #a#e4 ,BOOK*9'S WORD 0F>M]S0 IS 9ACCURATE & ANA*RONI/IC4 ,A F>M] IS A CAPITALI/1 AN AGRICULTURAL 5TREPR5EUR PRODUC+ = ! M>KET4 ,!RE W]E NO F>M]S 9 ,EUROPE 9 ! #a#b? C5TURY4 #a#b?-C5TURY CULTIVATORS W]E PEASANTS TILL+ ! SOIL TO SU/A9 !IR H\SEHOLDS &1 LIKE PEASANTS EV]Y:]E1 TO PAY R5T1 TI!S & TAXES TO !IR EXPLOIT]S4 ,]IC ,R4 ,WOLF1 ,PEASANTS 7,5GLEWOOD ,CLIFFS1 ,N,J3 ,PR5TICE-,HALL1 #a#i#f#f71 #b4  ,:5 ,WOLF WROTE ( !M OV] #c YE>S AGO1 PEASANTS W]E ! MAJORITY ( ! WORLD'S POPULATION4 ,I DON'T KN[ IF ?AT'S /ILL TRUE1 BUT PEASANTS >E C]TA9LY /ILL A SUB/ANTIAL PROPORTION ( ! WORLD'S PEOPLE1 & CONSPICU\SLY SO S\? ( ! ,U4,S4 BORD]1 9 ,MEXICO4 ,IF1 AS ,BOOK*9 9SI/S1 ! AN>*I/ REVOLUTION MU/ BE WORLDWIDE & ALL-5COMPASS+ IF IT IS TO SUCCE$1 HIS FIXATION ON URBANISM IMP$ES ?AT REVOLUTION1 = IT R$UCES ! PEASANTRY1 9 TRADITIONAL ,M>XI/ FA%ION1 TO SEMI-CONSCI\S CANNON FODD] ( ! REVOLUTION>Y PROLET>IAT4 ,N[ ?IS IS RA!R ODD1 BECAUSE ,BOOK*9'S BELOV$ CIVILIZATION HAS USUALLY BE5 ASSOCIAT$ ) URBANISM & ALWAYS ASSOCIAT$ ) /ATISM4 ,IBID41 #a-#a#a4 ,PEASANT AN>*I/S ACTUALLY 5GAG$ 9 REVOLUTION1 AS OPPOS$ TO JU/ TALK+ AB\T IT1 HAV5'T NOTIC$ ! 9H]5T AN>*I/ POT5TIAL ( ! CITY1 POSSIBLY BECAUSE IT HASN'T ANY4 ,! ,MAKHNOVI/S1 ,UKRA9IAN PEASANT AN>*I/S1 ACCORD+ TO ,MAKHNO HIMSELF W]E MO/LY NOT CONSCI\SLY AN>*I/S1 BUT 09 !IR COMMUNAL LIFE !Y BEHAV$ ) ?AT AN>*I/ SOLID>ITY :I*1 9 ORD9>Y LIFE1 ONLY ?OSE TOIL]S >E CAPABLE :OSE NATURAL SIMPLICITY HAS NOT YET BE5 9FECT$ BY ! POLITICAL POISON ( ! CITIES4 ,= ! CITIES ALWAYS GIVE \T ! SMELL ( LY+ & BETRAYAL FROM :I* MANY1 EV5 AMONG ! COMRADES :O CALL !MSELVES AN>*I/S1 >E NOT EXEMPT40 ,QUOT$ 9 ,E4,J4 ,HOBSBAWM1 ,PRIMITIVE ,REBELS3 ,/UDIES 9 ,>*AIC ,=MS ( ,SOCIAL ,MOVEM5T 9 ! #a#i? & #b? ,C5TURIES 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,W4,W4 ,NORTON @& ,CO41 #a#i#f#e71 #a#h#d4 

.<#e.> ,CIT$ 9 ,BLACK1 ,! ,ABOLITION ( ,WORK & ,O!R ,ESSAYS1 #b#c4 

.<#e#a.> ,KEI? ,?OMAS1 0,WORK & ,LEISURE 9 ,PRE-,9DU/RIAL ,SOCIETY10 ,PA/ @& ,PRES5T ,NO4 #bi 7,DEC4 #a#i#f#d71 #e#c4 0,! PA/ORAL RELATION%IPS ( C\NTRY LIFE 9 ! HI< ,MIDDLE ,AGES TEMP]$ ! PURELY ECONOMIC NECESSITIES ( FEUDALISM ) A SORT ( FRE$OM2 PLAY (T5 TOOK ! UPP] H& 9 ! CORVEE1 9 ! DISP5S+ ( JU/ICE1 9 ! SETTLEM5T ( DEBTS40 ,RA\L ,VANEIGEM1 ,! ,REVOLUTION ( ,EV]YDAY ,LIFE1 TRANS4 ,DONALD ,NI*OLSON-,SMI? 7#b.<ND.>1 REV4 $42 ,LONDON3 ,REBEL ,PRESS @& ,SEATTLE1 ,W,A3 ,LEFT ,BANK ,BOOKS1 #a#i#i#d71 #b#e#f4 

.<#e#b.> ,H>OLD ,B>CLAY1 ,PEOPLE ,)\T ,GOV]NM5T3 ,AN ,AN?ROPOLOGY ( ,AN>*ISM 7,LONDON3 ,KAHN @& ,AV]ILL ) ,CI5FUEGOS ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#b71 #d#h-#d#i4 

.<#e#c.> ,DOM9IQUE ,LEGROS1 0,COMM5T10 ,CURR5T ,AN?ROPOLOGY #c#h7#d7 7,AUG4-,OCT4 #a#i#i#g71 #f#a#g4 

.<#e#d.> ,BOOK*91 ,S,A,L,A1 #d#e4 

.<#e#e.> ,DAVID ,POLLACK1 REVIEW ( ,YANOMAMI ,W>F>E1 BY ,R4 ,BRYAN ,F]GUSON1 ,E?NOHI/ORY #d#d7#a7 7,W9T] #a#i#i#g71 #a#i#a4 

.<#e#f.> ,WILMS51 ,L& ,FILL$ ) ,FLIES1 #b#b#i4 

.<#e#g.> ,WILMS51 ,L& ,FILL$ ) ,FLIES1 #b#b#i1 #b#b#g4 

.<#e#h.> ,JACQUEL9E ,S4 ,SOLWAY1 REVIEW ( ,L& ,FILL$ ) ,FLIES1 ,AM]ICAN ,E?NOLOGI/ #ah 7,NOV4 #a#i#i#a71 #h#a#g4 

.<#e#i.> ,IBID41 #h#a#f4 

.<#f.> ,HEADL&1 0,P>ADISE ,REVIS$10 #e4 

.<#f#a.> ,LITTLE >*AEOLOGICAL RESE>* HAS BE5 CONDUCT$ 9 ! ,KALAH>I1 BUT ,WILMS5 HAS MADE EXPANSIVE CLAIMS ?AT IT PROVES #b1 YE>S ( EXT5SIVE SOCIO-ECONOMIC 9T]ACTIONS BETWE5 ,SAN & ,IRON ,AGE ,BANTU4 ,A REC5T REVIEW ( ! LIT]ATURE F9DS ! EVID5CE 5TIRELY 9SUFFICI5T4 ,K>IM ,SADR1 0,KALAH>I ,>*AEOLOGY & ! ,BU%M5 ,DEBATE10 ,CURR5T ,AN?ROPOLOGY #c#h7#a7 7,FEB4 #a#i#i#g73 #a#d-#a#a#b4 

.<#f#b.> ,P>K] ,%IPTON1 REVIEW ( ,L& ,FILL$ ) ,FLIES1 ,AM]ICAN ,AN?ROPOLOGI/ #ic 7,SEPT4 #a#i#i#a71 #g#e#f4 

.<#f#c.> ,ANONYM\S REVIEW ( ,MURRAY ,BOOK*91 ,! ,RISE ( ,URBANIZATION & ! ,DECL9E ( ,CITIZ5%IP1 ,ORBIS3 ,A ,J\RNAL ( ,WORLD ,AFFAIRS #cb 7,FALL #a#i#h#h73 #f#b#h1 QUOT$ 9 ,AN>*Y AFT] ,LEFTISM1 #i#f4 

.<#f#d.> ,ALFR$ ,KELLY1 0,CLIO & ! ,C\RT3 ,AN ,ILLICIT ,LOVE ,AFFAIR10 #aifi ,SUPREME ,C\RT ,REVIEW1 #a#a#i-#a#e#h4 

.<#f#e.> ,W]E ,BOOK*9 TO CLAIM ?AT IT IS !IR LIMIT$ TE*NOLOGY :I* PRECLUDES =AG]S FROM ACCUMULAT+ CAPITAL & MAK+ LONG-T]M ECONOMIC PLANS & >RANGEM5TS1 HE W\LD BE ESP\S+ ! TE*NOLOGICAL DET]M9ISM :I* ,DAVID ,WATSON PLAUSIBLY ACCUSES HIM ( & :I* ! ,DIRECTOR1 IMPLAUSIBLY D5IES 9 0,:I!R ,AN>*ISM80 ,BUT ! O!R HORN ( ! DILEMMA ALSO GORES HIM4 ,IT IMPLIES ?AT CULTURE OR SOCIAL ORGANIZATION DET]M9ES TE*NOLOGY1 :I* IS TANTAM\NT TO SAY+ ?AT PRIMITIVE PEOPLES CAN REFUSE TE*NOLOGY1 AS ,WATSON1 ,Z]ZAN & ,I HAVE SUGGE/$4 ,NO ANTI-PROGRESSIVE H]ESY RILES ! ,DIRECTOR MORE ?AN ?IS ONE1 :I* D5IES ! DIRECTIONALITY HE DIV9ES 9 ! COSMOS ITSELF4 

.<#f#f.> ,SAHL9S1 ,/ONE ,AGE ,ECONOMICS1 #a#h4 

.<#f#g.> ,WATSON1 ,BEYOND ,BOOK*91 #a#a4 

.<#f#h.> ,LEE1 ,! 6,KUNG ,SAN1 #c#a4 

.<#f#i.> ,SEE NOTE #b SUPRA4 

.<#g.> ,BOOK*91 ,S,A,L,A1 #d#e-#d#f4 

.<#g#a.> ,WILMS51 ,L& ,FILL$ ) ,FLIES1 #b#c#e4 

.<#g#b.> ,JEAN ,=E/IE1 ,! ,CAUSES ( ,WEAL? 7,GL5COE1 ,I,L3 ,! ,FREE ,PRESS1 #a#i#f71 #a#b-#a#c1 CIT$ 9 ,WOLF1 ,PEASANTS1 #d-#e4 

.<#g#c.> ,K>5 ,L4 ,FIELD1 ,AM]ICAN ,AN?ROPOLOGI/ 7#a#i#i#b71 #a#f#a1 QUOT$ 9 ,BLACK1 ,A,A,L1 #i#d4 

.<#g#d.> ,FIELD1 #a#f#a1 QUOT$ 9 ,A,A,L1 #i#d4 ,I HAVE ONLY JU/ NOTIC$1 TO MY DISMAY1 ?AT ! ,FIELD REF]5CE DOES NOT APPE> 9 ! ,A,A,L BIBLIOGRAPHY4 

.<#g#e.> ,HEADL&1 0,P>ADISE ,REVIS$10 #d#f4 

.<#g#f.> ,BOOK*91 ,S,A,L,A1 #d#e-#d#f4 

.<#g#g.> ,TANAKA1 ,! ,SAN1 #h#a4 

.<#g#h.> ,NANCY ,H[ELL1 ,DEMOGRAPHY ( ! ,DOBE 6,KUNG 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,ACADEMIC ,PRESS1 #a#i#g#i71 #h#b4 

.<#g#i.> ,A,A,L1 CIT+ ,MELV9 ,KONN] & ,M>JORIE ,%O/ACK1 0,TIM+ & ,MANAGEM5T ( ,BIR? ,AMONG ! #a,KUNG3 ,BIOCULTURAL ,9T]ACTION 9 ,REPRODUCTIVE ,ADAPTATION10 ,CULTURAL ,AN?ROPOLOGY #b7#a7 7,FEB4 #a#i#h#g71 #a#b4 

.<#h.> ,TANAKA1 ,! ,SAN1 #h#f4 

.<#h#a.> ,A,A,L1 #a#i-#a#a#a4 

.<#h#b.> ,H[ELL1 ,DEMOGRAPHY ( ! ,DOBE 6,KUNG1 #h#b4 

.<#h#c.> ,BOOK*91 ,S,A,L,A1 #d#f4 

.<#h#d.> ,H[ELL1 ,DEMOGRAPHY ( ! ,DOBE 6,KUNG1 #c1 #c#e2 CF4 ,LEE1 ,! 6,KUNG ,SAN1 #d#d-#d#h4 

.<#h#e.> ,TANAKA1 ,! ,SAN1 #h#f4 

.<#h#f.> ,SO SUCCESSFULLY ?AT 9 #a#i#f#h1 HIS SITUATIONI/ CRITICS ?\<T ?AT ,H]B] WAS ,BOOK*9'S FOLL[]1 NOT HIS PSEUDONYM4 ,SITUATIONI/ ,9T]NATIONAL3 ,REVIEW ( ! ,AM]ICAN ,SECTION ( ! ,S4,I4 ,NO4 #a 7,JUNE #a#i#f#i7 7REPR9T $42 ,PORTL&1 ,O,R3 ,EXTREME ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#c71 #d#b4 

.<#h#g.> ,BOOK*91 ,PO/ ,SC>CITY ,AN>*ISM1 #e#g4 

.<#h#h.> ,BLACK1 ,A,A,L1 *S4 #e1 #a @& PASSIM2 CF4 ,Z]ZAN1 0,MURRAY ,BOOK*9'S ,LIB]T>IAN ,MUNICIPALISM10 ,FUTURE ,PRIMITIVE1 #a#f#d-#a#f#f4 

.<#h#i.> ,PAUL ,FEY]AB5D1 ,AGA9/ ,ME?OD3 ,\TL9E ( AN ,AN>*I/IC ,!ORY ( ,KN[L$GE 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,V]SO1 #a#i#g#h71 #b#g-#b#h4 

.<#i.> ,IBID41 #dg 7QUOT$71 #d#i4 

.<#i#a.> ,GLORIA ,FLAH]TY1 ,%AMANISM & ! ,5LI<T5M5T 7,PR9CETON3 ,PR9CETON ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#b71 #g4 

.<#i#b.> ,BLACK1 ,A,A,L1 #a1 QUOT+ ,MURRAY ,BOOK*91 ,! ,ECOLOGY ( ,FRE$OM3 ,! ,EM]G5CE & ,DISSOLUTION ( ,HI]>*Y 7,PALO ,ALTO1 ,C,A3 ,*E%IRE ,BOOKS1 #a#i#h#b71 #a4 

.<#i#c.> ,BLACK1 ,! ,ABOLITION ( ,WORK & ,O!R ,ESSAYS1 ,X,X,X,X,X4 

.<#i#d.> ,MISSPEAK+ YET AGA91 ! ,DIRECTOR SAYS 0POSSIBLE0 :5 HE MU/ MEAN 0ACTUAL40 ,NO ONE CLAIMS ?AT POSSIBLE BUT NONEXI/5T FACTORS >E EV5 A LITTLE BIT DET]M9+4 

.<#i#f.> ,MI*AEL ,ALB]T & ,ROB9 ,HAHNEL1 ,UNOR?ODOX ,M>XISM3 ,AN ,ESSAY ON ,CAPITALISM1 ,SOCIALISM & ,REVOLUTION 7,BO/ON1 ,M,A3 ,S\? ,5D ,PRESS1 #a#i#g#h71 #e#b-#e#c4 

.<#i#g.> 0,MOD]N ,SCI5CE & ,AN>*ISM10 9 ,KROPOTK9'S ,REVOLUTION>Y ,PAMPHLETS1 $4 ,ROG] ,N4 ,BALDW9 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,DOV] ,PUBLICATIONS1 #a#i#g71 #a#e#b4 

.<#i#h.> ,K>L ,M>X1 0,CRITIQUE ( ,HEGEL'S ,DOCTR9E ( ! ,/ATE10 9 ,E>LY ,WRIT+S1 $4 ,QU9T9 ,HO>E 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,V9TAGE ,BOOKS1 #a#i#g#e71 #f#a4 

.<#i#i.> ,BLACK1 ,A,A,L1 #a-#a#a4 

.<#a.> ,ALFR$ ,JULES ,AY]1 ,LANGUAGE1 ,TRU? & ,LOGIC 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,DOV] ,PUBLICATIONS1 #a#i#e#b71 *4 #f4 

.<#a#a.> ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN1 0,VICTIMS ( ,MORALITY10 9 ,R$ ,EMMA ,SPEAKS3 ,SELECT$ ,WRIT+S & ,SPEE*ES1 $4 ,ALIX ,KATES ,%ULMAN 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,R&OM ,H\SE1 #a#i#g#b71 #a#b#g4 

.<#a#b.> ,LUDWIG ,FEU]BA*1 0,T[>DS A ,CRITIQUE ( ,HEGEL'S ,PHILOSOPHY10 9 ,! ,Y\NG ,HEGELIANS1 #a#a4 

.<#a#c.> ,H]B]T ,SP5C]1 ,PR9CIPLES ( ,SOCIOLOGY 7#f? $42 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,D4 ,APPLETON1 #a#i#a#b71 #c#f#g4 

.<#a#d.> ,I USE ! PHRASE 0,SOCIAL ,D>W9ISM0 AS IT IS USUALLY US$1 BUT IT IS NOT LIT]ALLY ACCURATE4 ,SP5C]'S SO-CALL$ ,D>W9ISM ACTUALLY PREC$$ ,D>W9'S ,D>W9ISM1 :I* MI<T BE CALL$ ,BIOLOGICAL ,SP5C]ISM4 ,M>V9 ,H>RIS1 ,! ,RISE ( ,AN?ROPOLOGICAL ,!ORY3 ,A ,HI/ORY ( ,!ORIES ( ,CULTURE 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,?OMAS ,Y4 ,CR[ELL ,COMPANY1 #a#i#f#h71 #a#b#b-#a#b#e4 

.<#a#e.> ,IBID41 #b#i4 

.<#a#f.> ,WILLIAM ,GRAHAM ,SUMN]1 0,SOCIOLOGY10 9 ,D>W9ISM & ! ,AM]ICAN ,9TELLECTUAL3 ,AN ,AN?OLOGY1 $4 ,R4 ,JACKSON ,WILSON 7#b.<ND.> $42 ,*ICAGO1 ,I,L3 ,! ,DORSEY ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#i71 #a#b#c1 #a#b#d4 

.<#a#g.> ,GEORGE ,ORWELL1 #aihd 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,SIGNET ,BOOKS1 #a#i#e71 #a#e1 #c#a-#c#b4 

.<#a#h.> ,AS IF ?IS PURELY SPECULATIVE REV]SE ,MC,C>?YISM WASN'T SLEAZY 5\<1 ! ,DIRECTOR AIMS ANO!R BL[ BEL[ ! BELT4 0,9 ANY CASE1 #a#i#f#d1 ! YE> ,GOLDWAT] RAN = PRESID5T1 WAS ALSO A YE> :5 ! BE/ & BRI<TE/ ,AM]ICANS ( ,CL>K'S G5]ATION W]E J\RNEY+ TO ,MISSISSIPPI 79 ! FAM\S ,MISSISSIPPI ,SUMM]71 (T5 RISK+ !IR LIVES TO REGI/] ! /ATE'S POORE/ & MO/ SUBJUGAT$ BLACKS = ! FRAN*ISE4 ,AL?\< ,MISSISSIPPI IS SEP>AT$ FROM ,L\ISIANA1 ,CL>K'S HOME /ATE1 BY ONLY A RIV]1 NO?+ ,CL>K EV] TOLD ME REMOTELY SUGGE/S ?AT HE WAS P>T ( ?IS IMPORTANT CIVIL RI<TS MOVEM5T40 ,9/EAD ,CL>K1 0AT ! ROBU/ AGE ( N9ETE510 WAS PRESUMABLY 9 ! P]SONALI/IC PURSUIT ( A COLLEGE DEGREE4 ,& :]E WAS ! #d#c-YE>-OLD ,BOOK*9 9 #a#i#f#d8 #dc MAY NOT BE AS ROBU/ AN AGE AS #a#i1 BUT ONE DID NOT NE$ TO BE ROBU/ TO REGI/] BLACKS AT ?AT TIME & PLACE1 ONLY C\RAGE\S & D$ICAT$4 ,?REE CIVIL-RI<TS WORK]S W]E MURD]$ ?AT SUMM]4 ,M5 ( ,BOOK*9'S G5]ATION1 SU* AS ,WALT] ,REU!R & ,M>T9 ,LU!R ,K+1 ,JR41 W]E NOT TOO OLD = CIVIL RI<TS M>*ES1 CIVIL DISOB$I5CE & O!R ACTIONS PLAC+ !IR LIVES & LIB]TY AT HAZ>D4 ,ALL WE KN[ AB\T ,BOOK*9 :5 HE WAS AT ! ROBU/ AGE ( #a#i1 9 #a#i#d1 IS ?AT HE WAS KICK$ \T ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY & W5T OV] TO ! ,TROTSKYI/S1 :I* IS LIKE *ANG+ DECK *AIRS ON ! ,TITANIC4 ,IF ,BOOK*9 9 ALL HIS LIFE HAS EV] TAK5 A RISK OR BROK5 A LAW OR DONE ANY?+ = AN>*ISM OR REVOLUTION EXCEPT G5]AT+ V]BIAGE1 HE HAS NEV] SAID SO1 & HE IS NOT A MAN TO BE MODE/ AB\T HIS ACCOMPLI%M5TS4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,JOHN ,P4 ,CL>K1 ,BOOK*9'S BOLDE/ POLITICAL ACT WAS ONCE COMPLA9+ AB\T ! QUALITY ( ,B5 @& ,J]RY'S ICE CREAM4  ,I DON'T KN[ IF A FEW HUNDR$ OR A FEW ?\S& Y\NG ,AM]ICANS P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! ,MISSISSIPPI ,SUMM]1 BUT ,I DO KN[ ?AT T5S ( MILLIONS ( !IR PE]S DID NOT4 ,BUT MANY W5T ON TO P>TICIPATE 9 ! CIVIL RI<TS MOVEM5T1 ! ANTIW> MOVEM5T1 ! FEM9I/ MOVEM5T1 ! 5VIRONM5TALI/ MOVEM5T & ! O!R OPPOSITIONAL CURR5TS ( ! #f'S4 ,IT IS ?ANKS TO A FEW ( !M ?AT AN>*ISM ESCAP$ EXT9CTION & COMM5C$ ! MODE/ RECOV]Y :I* CONT9UES TO ?IS DAY4 ,TO USE P>TICIPATION 9 ONE SMALL ALBEIT CONSPICU\S PROJECT AS A LITMUS TE/ ( AN>*O-REVOLUTION>Y BONA FIDES #c YE>S LAT] IS TO WRITE (F AN 5TIRE G5]ATION -- ! LA/ G5]ATION1 ACCORD+ TO ,BOOK*91 :I* EV5 CAME CLOSE TO REALIZ+ A 0UTOPI/IC0 REVOLUTION4 

.<#a#i.> ,BOOK*91 ,S,A,L,A1 #d4 

.<#a#a.> ,AS ,BOOK*9 CONFIRMS1 ) RESPECT TO ! LIB]T>IANS1 9 ,S,A,L,A1 #e1 & 9 0,:I!R ,AN>*ISM0 7SECOND P>AGRAPH7 ) RESPECT TO ! LIB]ALS4 

.<#a#a#a.> ,BOOK*9 JU/ HAD TO ?R[ 9 0O/5SIBLY40 ,HE'S CON/ITUTIONALLY 9CAPABLE ( ACKN[L$G+ ?AT ANYONE HE DISAGREES ) MI<T BE ACT+ 9 GOOD FAI?4 ,YET BY HIS [N ADMISSION HE'S A POOR JUDGE ( *>ACT]1 HAV+ MISJUDG$ ! BLACKGU>D ,CL>K = SO MANY YE>S4 

.<#a#a#b.> ,ISAIAH ,B]L91 ,TWO ,CONCEPTS ( ,LIB]TY 7,OX=D3 AT ! ,CL>5DON ,PRESS1 #a#i#e#h74 

.<#a#a#c.> ,JOHN ,P4 ,CL>K1 ,MAX ,/IRN]'S ,EGOISM 7,LONDON3 ,FRE$OM ,PRESS1 #a#i#g#f71 #e#i4 ,NOTE ?AT ?IS BOOK WAS PUBLI%$ :5 ,CL>K WAS A ,BOOK*9I/4 ,I SUSPECT ?IS WAS :]E1 & :Y1 ,BOOK*9 CAME ACROSS ! DI/9CTION4 

.<#a#a#d.> ,G]ALD ,C4 ,MAC,CULLUM1 ,JR41 0,NEGATIVE & ,POSITIVE ,FRE$OM10 #gf ,PHILOSOPHICAL ,REVIEW 7,JULY #a#i#f#g71 #c#a#b1 #c#a#d4 ,HIS 0CLAIM IS ONLY AB\T :AT MAKES TALK CONC]N+ ! FRE$OM ( AG5TS 9TELLIGIBLE10 IBID41 #c#a#d1 & ,I ACKN[L$GE ?AT !RE >E 9TELLIGIBLE WAYS ( SPEAK+ ( FRE$OM :I* FALL \TSIDE ! =MULATION1 SU* AS FRE$OM 9 ! S5SE ( POLITICAL P>TICIPATION4 ,JOHN ,GRAY1 0,ON ,NEGATIVE & ,POSITIVE ,LIB]TY10 9 ,CONCEPTIONS ( ,LIB]TY 9 ,POLITICAL ,PHILOSOPHY1 $4 ,ZBIGNIEW ,PELCZYNSKI & ,JOHN ,GRAY 7,LONDON3 ,! ,A?LONE ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#d71 #c#b#f4 ,I PREF] TO REF] TO DEMOCRACY AS DEMOCRACY1 NOT FRE$OM OR POLITICAL FRE$OM1 SO AS NOT TO BEG ! QUE/ION ( DEMOCRACY'S RELATION TO FRE$OM 9 ! P]SONAL S5SE4 ,! CONCEPT ( FRE$OM %\LD NOT BE ID5TIFI$ ) :AT ,BOOK*9 CALLS ! =MS ( FRE$OM BY DEF9ITIONAL FIAT4 ,! ,DIRECTOR'S BELOV$ ,A!NIAN CITIZ5S1 = 9/ANCE1 5JOY$ POLITICAL FRE$OM BUT W]E ALMO/ 5TIRELY )\T P]SONAL FRE$OM4 ,BLACK1 ,A,A,L1 #f#f4 

.<#a#a#e.> ,B]L9 ,TWO ,CONCEPTS ( ,LIB]TY1 #f4 

.<#a#a#f.> ,BOOK*91 ,S,A,L,A1 #e4 

.<#a#a#g.> ,MAC,CALLUM1 0,NEGATIVE & ,POSITIVE ,FRE$OM10 #cba N4 #g4 

.<#a#a#h.> ,BOOK*91 ,S,A,L,A1 #a#a1 #b#i-#c1 #e1 #f#a4 

.<#a#a#i.> ,MAX ,/IRN]1 0,>T & ,RELIGION10 9 ,! ,Y\NG ,HEGELIANS3 ,AN ,AN?OLOGY1 $4 ,LAWR5CE ,S4 ,/EPELEVI* 7,CAMBRIDGE3 ,CAMBRIDGE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#c71 #c#d#d4 

.<#a#b.> ,CL>K1 ,MAX ,/IRN]'S ,EGOISM1 #f#a4 

.<#a#b#a.> ,MAX ,/IRN]1 ,! ,EGO & ,ITS ,[N1 $4 ,DAVID ,LEOPOLD 7,CAMBRIDGE3 ,CAMBRIDGE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#e71 #a#d#b4 ,/IRN] GOES ON TO *>ACT]IZE 7NEGATIVE7 FRE$OM AS 0! DOCTR9E ( ,*RI/IANITY06 ,IBID4  ,! QUOTATION ALSO GIVES ! LIE TO ! ACCUSATION BY ,M>X1 ,KROPOTK9 & ,BOOK*9 ?AT ,/IRN]'S EGOISM IS = ! 9DIVIDUAL EGOI/ ALONE 79 :I* CASE ! *>GE ( ELITISM W\LD HAVE SOME M]IT74 ,/IRN] EXHORTS 0Y\0 -- ! READ] -- TO ASS]T Y\R [NNESS4 ,! EFFECTIV5ESS ( HIS [N EGOISM IS MULTIPLI$ BY ! [NNESS ( O!RS4 ,CF4 ,= ,\RSELVES1 ,! ,RI<T TO ,BE ,GRE$Y 7,PORT ,T[NS5D1 ,W,A3 ,LOOMPANICS ,UNLIMIT$1 N4D474 

.<#a#b#b.> ,CL>K1 ,MAX ,/IRN]'S ,EGOISM1 #f#a4 

.<#a#b#c.> ,BOOK*91 ,PO/-,SC>CITY ,AN>*ISM1 #bdi 7QUOT$71 #b#d#i-#b#e @& PASSIM4 

.<#a#b#d.> ,BOOK*91 ,S,A,L,A1 #a4 

.<#a#b#e.> ,AS 9 ,A,A,L1 ,I PREF] TO CONF9E ! SCOPE ( MY >GUM5T TO ,AM]ICAN & ,CANADIAN AN>*ISM1 CORRESPOND+ TO ,BOOK*9'S SUBJECT 9 ,S,A,L,A4 ,I KN[ F> MORE AB\T REC5T AN>*I/ HI/ORY 9 !SE C\NTRIES ?AN 9 ANY O!RS1 & IT W\LD BE RECKLESS ( ME1 NOT TO M5TION *AUV9I/IC1 TO PROJECT ?AT HI/ORY ONTO O!R P>TS ( ! WORLD4 ,BUT ,I KN[1 AS MY =EIGN READ]S KN[1 ?AT NONTRADITIONAL & PO/-LEFTI/ AN>*ISMS HAVE EM]G$ 9 /R5G? 9 MANY C\NTRIES1 AMONG !M ,FRANCE1 ,BRITA91 ! ,NE!RL&S1 ,BELGIUM1 ,SPA9 & ,GREECE4 ,!Y >E PRES5T 9 ,MEXICO & ,QUEBEC4 ,!Y >E EV5 MANIFE/1 & 9 SOPHI/ICAT$ =MS1 9 ,TURKEY & ,9DIA4 ,APP>5TLY ! ,AM]ICAN OR ,ANGLO-,AM]ICAN 9DIVIDUALI/ TRADITION SO HATEFUL TO ,BOOK*9 IS NOT NECESS>Y = ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*ISM TO SPREAD4 

.<#a#b#f.> ,GEORGE ,WOODCOCK1 ,AN>*ISM3 ,A ,HI/ORY ( ,LIB]T>IAN ,IDEAS & ,MOVEM5TS 7,CLEVEL&1 ,O,H @& ,NEW ,YORK3 ,M]IDIAN ,BOOKS1 #a#i#f#b71 #d#f#h4 

.<#a#b#g.> ,LEON>D ,I4 ,KRIMM]MAN & ,LEWIS ,P]RY1 0,=EWORD10 ,PATT]NS ( ,AN>*Y3 ,A ,COLLECTION ( ,WRIT+S ON ! ,AN>*I/ ,TRADITION1 $4 ,LEON>D ,I4 ,KRIMM]MAN & ,LEWIS ,P]RY 7,G>D5 ,CITY1 ,N,Y3 ,AN*OR ,BOOKS1 #a#i#f#f71 XVI1 XV4 ,?IS IS ! BE/ AN>*I/ AN?OLOGY 9 ,5GLI%4  ,I HAVE A P]SONAL REM9ISC5CE TO PUT 9 H]E4 ,I WAS 9 JUNIOR HI< S*OOL & HI< S*OOL 9 #a#i#f#e-#a#i#f#i4 ,9 ONE CLASS -- ,I ?9K IT WAS A SEV5?-GRADE LIT]ATURE CLASS -- WE READ ,H5RY ,DAVID ,?OREAU'S 0,CIVIL ,DISOB$I5CE40 ,IT WAS ! ONLY AN>*I/ TEXT :I* ANY ( US HAD EV] READ4 ,\R REACTION WAS UNANIM\S4 ,WE ROSE UP1 AS ONE1 TO D5\NCE IT4 

.<#a#b#h.> ,GEORGE ,WOODCOCK1 0,AN>*ISM ,REVISIT$10 ,COMM5T>Y 7,AUG4 #a#i#f#h71 QUOT$ & SUMM>IZ$ 9 ,MI*AEL ,L]N]1 0,AN>*ISM & ! ,AM]ICAN ,C\NT]-,CULTURE10 9 ,AN>*ISM ,TODAY1 $4 ,DAVID ,E4 ,APT] & ,JAMES ,JOLL 7,G>D5 ,CITY1 ,N,Y3 ,D\BL$AY @& ,CO41 #a#i#g#a71 #c#d-#e#i 7,WOODCOCK QUOT$1 #c#d74 ,?IS IS ! SAME ,MI*AEL ,L]N] :O N[ S]VES AS A C\RT 9TELLECTUAL TO ! ,CL9TONS1 ESPECIALLY ,HILL>Y1 :O SEEMS TO DO MO/ ( !IR DEEP ?9K+1 SU* AS IT IS4 

.<#a#b#i.> ,L]N]1 0,AN>*ISM & ! ,AM]ICAN ,C\NT]-,CULTURE02 ,DAVID ,E4 ,APT]1 0,! ,OLD ,AN>*ISM & ! ,NEW -- ,SOME ,COMM5TS10 9 ,APT] & ,JOLL1 $S41 ,AN>*ISM ,TODAY1 #g-#h4 

.<#a#c.> ,ACCORD+ TO ,BOOK*91 0,:5 ! REBELLI\S #a#i#fS BUBBL$ UP AFT] A DECADE ( SOCIAL QUIESC5CE & NUMB+ M$IOCRITY1 LIFE/YLE AN>*ISM 5JOY$ GREAT POPUL>ITY AMONG ! C\NT]CULTURAL ELEM5TS1 :ILE SOCIAL AN>*ISM EX]CIS$ A MEASURE ( 9FLU5CE ) SOME ,NEW ,LEFTI/S40 ,?IS IS NO/ALGIC NONS5SE4 ,NO K9D ( AN>*ISM 5JOY$ 0GREAT POPUL>ITY0 ) ANYBODY4 

.<#a#c#a.> ,X,X,X,X 

.<#a#c#b.> ,BLACK1 ,B5EA? ! ,UND]GR\ND1 #c#b4 

.<#a#c#c.> ,BLACK1 0,AN>*ISM & O!R ,IMP$IM5TS TO ,AN>*Y10 9 ,! ,ABOLITION ( ,WORK & ,O!R ,ESSAYS1 #a#d#i-#a#e#a 7ORIG9ALLY WRITT5 9 #a#i#h#e74 

.<#a#c#d.> ,FUR!R ELABORAT$ 9 ,BLACK1 ,FRI5DLY ,FIRE1 #a#h#a-#a#i#c1 #a#i#i-#b#a1 & ,BOB ,BLACK1 ,B5EA? ! ,UND]GR\ND 7,X,X,X,X71 

.<#a#c#e.> ,BOOK*91 ,S,A,L,A1 #f#f-#h#f1 ESP4 #h#f4 

.<#a#c#f.> ,BOOK*91 ,PO/-,SC>CITY ,AN>*ISM1 #b#h4 

.<#a#c#g.> ,BOOK*91 ,S,A,L,A1 #a4 

.<#a#c#h.> 0,M]E OPPOSITION TO ! /ATE MAY WELL UNITE FASCI/IC LUMP5S ) ,/IRN]ITE LUMP5S1 A PH5OM5ON ?AT IS NOT )\T ITS HI/ORICAL PREC$5TS40 ,BOOK*91 ,S,A,L,A1 #f#a4 ,AS ! ,DIRECTOR REF]S TO 0PREC$5TS10 9 ! PLURAL1 !RE MU/ BE AT LEA/ TWO HI/ORICAL EXAMPLES ( ?IS BIZ>RE UNION4 ,REGRETTABLY1 ,BOOK*9 ID5TIFIES NOT EV5 ONE1 P]HAPS BECAUSE NOT EV5 ONE SU* EXAMPLE EXI/S4  ,I HAVE SE>*$ ! ,M>XI/ SCRIPTURES 9 VA9 = A DEF9ITION ( ! LUMP5PROLET>IAT4 ,AS F> AS ,I CAN TELL1 OP]ATIONALLY1 A PROLET>IAN IS A LUMP5 :O FOLL[S ,M>XI/ ORD]S1 & A LUMP5 IS A PROLET>IAN :O DOES NOT4 

.<#a#c#i.> ,BOOK*91 ,S,A,L,A1 #a4 ,! ,DIRECTOR IS MU* GIV5 TO ! D\BLE-NEGATIVE GRAMMATICAL GAMBIT BY :I* HE IS ABLE TO SAY SOME?+ IMPLAUSIBLE OR DEFAMATORY :ILE RES]V+ ! RI<T TO BACK AWAY FROM ITS LIT]AL MEAN+ IF HE HAS TO4 ,?US HE WILL SAY ?AT SOME SUPPOS$ T5ET ( ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*ISM IS 0NOT UNLIKE0 A T5ET ( FASCISM -- TE*NICALLY1 HE HASN'T CALL$ ANYBODY A FASCI/1 BUT ! EMOTIVE IMPACT IS ALMO/ AS /RONG AS IF HE HAD4 

.<#a#d.> ,V4,I4 ,L591 ,:AT ,IS TO ,BE ,DONE8 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,9T]NATIONAL ,PUBLI%]S1 #a#i#d#c71 #d#d4 

.<#a#d#a.> ,AS SOME ( MY 5EMIES1 SU* AS ,F]D ,WOODWOR? & HIS DITTOHEAD ,*AZ ,BUFE DELI<T 9 REPORT+1 ,I TOO AM A LAWY]4 ,I DON'T PRACTICE LAW4 ,I NEV] DID1 EXCEPT AS AN OCCASIONAL FAVOR TO FRI5DS OR ANTI-AU?ORIT>IANS -- ,PROCESS$ ,WORLD1 = 9/ANCE1 & A FEW PRISON]S1 SU* AS AN>*I/ ,AVI ,NAFTEL4 ,MY /ATUS IS AS AN 09ACTIVE0 MEMB] ( ! ,CALI=NIA ,B>1 MEAN+ ?AT ,I CAN'T PRACTICE LAW EV5 9 ,CALI=NIA4 ,I WAS NEV] A LITIGATOR4 ,MY EXP]TIZE IS 9 LEGAL RESE>* & WRIT+4 ,EXCEPTIONALLY1 LA/ YE> ,I WON AN ADM9I/RATIVE APPEAL ON BEHALF ( AN ,S,S,I DISABILITY CLAIMANT1 :I* ,I C\LD DO BECAUSE ANYONE CAN REPRES5T A CLAIMANT 9 ,SOCIAL ,SECURITY PROCE$+S4 ,DOES ANY AN>*I/ HAVE A PROBLEM ) ?AT8 ,NO ,SOCIAL ,AN>*I/ OR AN>*O-LEFTI/1 AS F> AS ,I KN[1 HAS EV] D5IGRAT$ ,BAKUN9 & ,KROPOTK9 = BE+ ,RUSSIAN NOBLES4 ,I HAV5'T BO!R$ TO COLLECT EXAMPLES ( AN>*I/ LAWY]S1 AL?\< ,I (T5 COME ACROSS !M AS ,I READ AB\T AN>*ISM1 BUT TWO PROM95T EXAMPLES ?AT ,I HAPP5 TO REMEMB] >E ! ,AM]ICAN 9DIVIDUALI/ ,LYS&] ,SPOON] & ! ,ITALIAN COLLECTIVI/ ,LUIGI ,GALLEANI4 

.<#a#d#b.> ,JOHN ,SIMON1 0,9TRODUCTION0 TO ,DWI<T ,MACDONALD1 ,AGA9/ ! ,AM]ICAN ,GRA93 ,ESSAYS ON ! ,EFFECTS ( ,MASS ,CULTURE 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,DA ,CAPO ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#c71 VI4 

.<#a#d#c.> ,JOHN ,Z]ZAN1 0,! ,CATA/ROPHE ( ,PO/MOD]NISM10 ,FUTURE ,PRIMITIVE & ,O!R ,ESSAYS 7,BROOKLYN1 ,N,Y3 ,AUTONOM$IA @& ,COLUMBIA1 ,M,O3 ,AN>*Y3 ,A ,J\RNAL ( ,DESIRE ,>M$1 #a#i#i#d71 #a#a-#a#c#d4 

.<#a#d#d.> ,H5RY ,H>P5D+1 REVIEW ( ,L& ,FILL$ ) ,FLIES1 ,AN?ROPOS #hf 7#a#i#i#a71 #c#a#d4 ,HE CONT9UES3 0,:5 ,I D$UC$ ?AT E9T]POS+ 9/RUM5TS ( PRODUCTION BETWE5 !MSELVES & SUBJECTS ( LABOR' 7#d#h7 MEANT SPE>+ ANIMALS ,I GAVE UP ON ! RI* LANGUAGE ( ! !ORETICAL >GUM5TS & DECID$ TO CONC5TRATE ON ! SUB/ANCE ( ! BOOK40 ,IBID4 

.<#a#d#e.>  ,E4G41 ,HEADL&1 0,REVISIONISM 9 ,ECOLOGICAL ,AN?ROPOLOGY10 #f#i2 ,MI*AEL ,S4 ,ALV>D1 0,COMM5T10 ,CURR5T ,AN?ROPOLOGY #c#h7#d7 7,AUGU/-,OCT4 #a#i#i#g71 #f#a2 ,ALLYN ,MACLEAN ,/E>MAN1 0,COMM5T10 IBID41 #f#b#c4 

.<#a#d#f.> ,?OMAS ,N4 ,HEADL&1 0,REPLY10 IBID41 #f#b#d4 

.<#a#d#g.> ,E4G41 ,LEE1 ,! 6,KUNG ,SAN1 *4 #ad 70,ECONOMIC & ,SOCIAL ,*ANGE 9 ! #a#i#fS & #a#i#gS074 

.<#a#d#h.> ,WILMS51 ,L& ,FILL$ ) ,FLIES1 #bbe 7QUOT$71 #b#b#e-#b#b#f1 #a#i#h4 

.<#a#d#i.> ,WILMS51 ,L& ,FILL$ ) ,FLIES1 #b#b#e-#b#b#f4 

.<#a#e.> ,E4G41 ,LEE1 ,! 6,KUNG ,SAN1 *4 #c 70,! ,DOBE ,>EA3 ,ITS ,PEOPLES & ,!IR ,HI/ORY074 

.<#a#e#a.> ,H>P5D+1 REVIEW1 #c#a#d4 

.<#a#e#c.> ,BOOK*91 ,S,A,L,A1 #d#d4 

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.<#a#e#e.> ,K>IM ,SADR1 0,KALAH>I ,>*AEOLOGY & ! ,BU%MAN ,DEBATE10 ,CURR5T ,AN?ROPOLOGY #c#h7#a7 7,FEB4 #a#i#i#g71 #a#e4 

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