,*APT] #aa ,\R ,REPORT ( ,AUGU/ #ai* TO ! ,GOV]NM5T ( ! ,REPUBLIC CONC]N+ ! ,CONDUCT ( ! ,W>--,A ,CRITICAL-MILIT>Y ,REVIEW ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,DIEGO ,ABAD ,DE ,SANTILLAN ,TEXT 3 ,\R REPORT ( ,AUGU/ #ai* TO ! ,GOV]NM5T ( ! ,REPUBLIC CONC]N+ ! CONDUCT ( ! W>--,A CRITICAL-MILIT>Y REVIEW ,?OSE :O HAD NOT SWORN TO ANY SECRET COMMITM5T TO DO :AT !Y C\LD TO SEE TO IT ?AT ! W> W\LD HAVE A DISA/R\S 5D1 ?AT IS1 HONE/ PEOPLE1 ( A LIB]AL & PROGRESSIVE SPIRIT1 CAPABLE ( A MODICUM ( REFLECTION1 ?OSE :O HAD PRES]V$ A M9IMUM ( 9DEP5D5T P]SONALITY1 UND]/OOD ?AT ! SITUATION WAS GRAVE1 ?AT ! 9EVITABLE C\LD NOT BE PO/PON$ =EV] BY LY+ TO ! PUBLIC1 ?AT !RE WAS AN URG5T NE$ = AN EFFECTIVE REM$Y = ! G5]AL ORI5TATION ( GOV]NM5T POLICY & ESPECIALLY MILIT>Y POLICY4 ,WE C\LD NOT RESIGN \RSELVES TO M]ELY REVEAL+ TO \R MILITANTS A REALITY ?AT SO MANY PEOPLE HAD SU* A MAJOR 9T]E/ 9 CONCEAL+4 ,IT WAS NOT POSSIBLE = US TO APPEAL TO ! MASSES TO TRY TO CONV9CE !M TO PUT A ?\S& K9DS ( PRESSURE ON ! GOV]NM5T4 ,L>GO ,CABALL]O'S ATTEMPT TO DO SO A FEW YE>S E>LI] HAD L$ HIM TO H\SE >RE/4 ,IT WAS NOT AS IF WE W]E AFRAID ( ?IS OR ANY O!R EV5TUAL \TCOME1 BUT 9 ?AT REGIME NOT EV5 P]SONAL SACRIFICE C\LD A*IEVE ANY POSITIVE RESULTS4 ,ON MORE ?AN ONE OCCASION1 ! GOV]NM5T PRESS1 & ALMO/ ! 5TIRE PRESS WAS ! GOV]NM5T PRESS1 9S9UAT$ ?AT MANY PEOPLE HAD BE5 IMPRISON$ OR %OT = LESS] CRIMES ?AN WE W]E GUILTY ( COMMITT+4 ,& 9 !SE SAME >TICLES IT WAS CLAIM$ ?AT IT WAS M]ELY DUE TO ! G5]OSITY ( ! GOV]NM5T ?AT WE W]E ALL[$ TO WALK ! /REETS AT ALL4 ,& ?IS WAS TRUE1 MANY DEC5T ,SPANI>DS HAD BE5 %OT OR IMPRISON$ = LESS] CAUSES4 ,WE ALSO EXPOS$ ?IS FACT AS JU/ ONE ( ! MANY REASONS :Y ! WOR/ GOV]NM5T ?AT ,SPA9 HAD EV] KN[N = MANY C5TURIES %\LD BE BR\LY TO ! GOV]NM5T ITSELF4 ,ON ,AUGU/ #b1 #ai* WE S5T A REPORT TO ! ,*IEF ( ,/ATE ?AT %\LD HAVE EI!R BE5 HE$$ OR AT LEA/ L$ TO \R IMM$IATE IMPRISONM5T4.<#c#c.> ,! RESPONSE TO \R REPORT WAS ELOQU5T SIL5CE4 ,?IS SAME DOCUM5T WAS ALSO S5T1 = 9=MATION PURPOSES1 TO ! =M] ,M9I/]S ( ,W>1 TO ! HI< LEVEL MILIT>Y COMM&]S1 & TO ! P>TIES & ORGANIZATIONS ?AT SUPPORT$ ! GOV]NM5T4 ,DESPITE ! SIL5CE ( ! MAJORITY1 \R 9CONTROV]TIBLE >GUM5TS & CRITICISMS W\LD EV5TUALLY BE ACCEPT$ BY MANY PEOPLE AS A RESULT ( DEVELOPM5TS ?AT SOON !REAFT] TRANSPIR$ 9 ACCORDANCE ) \R PR$ICTIONS4 ,WE %ALL 9TRODUCE \R TEXT ) SOME COMM5TS WE RECEIV$ FROM V>I\S RECIPI5TS ( ! REPORT4 ,L>GO ,CABALL]O 7,SEPTEMB] #a7 TOLD US3 444 ,! DOCUM5T SEEMS GOOD TO ME1 & MO/ ESPECIALLY Y\R PROPOS$ SOLUTIONS1 :I* ,I W\LD 5DORSE )\T ANY HESITATION4 ,9DALECIO ,PRIETO1 ANO!R =M] ,M9I/] ( ,W>1 SAID3 ,I HAVE READ ! DOCUM5T ) GREAT 9T]E/4 ,IT IS1 ( C\RSE1 EXTREMELY 9T]E/+4 ,ALL ?OSE :O >E N[ VE/$ ) ! RESPONSIBILITY TO DIRECT ?IS CONFLICT %\LD M$ITATE ON ! OBS]VATIONS SET =? 9 ITS PAGES4 ,! LEVEL-HEAD$ APPROA* TO ! /UDY ( ! DIFFICULT PROBLEMS ( ! W>1 & ! HI< LEVEL FROM :I* ?IS VA/ PANORAMA IS CONTEMPLAT$1 >E PRAISEWOR?Y4 ,Y\ MAY BE SURE ( MY GRATITUDE & MY BE/ WI%ES4444 7,SEPTEMB] #d7 ,G5]AL ,ROJO HIMSELF1 ! ,*IEF ( ,/AFF ( ! ,G5]AL ,/AFF1 :O HAD BE5 PR(\NDLY AFFECT$ BY \R OBS]VATIONS1 HAD TO ADMIT ?AT3 444 ! DOCUM5T IS UND\BT$LY ( ! GREATE/ 9T]E/ & AL?\< ,I HAD ALREADY BE5 BRIEF$ AS TO ITS CONT5TS BY ! ,PRIME ,M9I/]1 ,I AM V]Y GRATEFUL ?AT ,I HAVE RECEIV$ A COPY4 ,CONC]N+ ?IS REPORT1 ,I WILL ONLY SAY ?AT ,I AGREE ) MANY ( ITS PO9TS1 :OSE ORI5TATION ,I BELIEVE IS CORRECT & B5EFICIAL = ! W> EF=T1 & MANY ( :I* HAVE ALREADY BE5 REPEAT$LY =MULAT$ BY ?IS ,G5]AL ,/AFF 9 C]TA9 PROPOSALS4444 7,SEPTEMB] #a7 ,LUIS ,>AQUI/A9 7,AUGU/ #c#a7 TOLD US1 AMONG O!R ?+S3 ,I CONGRATULATE ! AU?OR OR AU?ORS ON ! TE*NICAL COMPET5CE REVEAL$ BY ! WORK & = ! CIVIC ACT ( EXPOS+ CRIMES1 ANOMALIES & ABUSES ?AT >E SO 9TOL]ABLE & DISA/R\S ?AT IF !Y >E NOT RAPIDLY CORRECT$1 !Y WILL LEAD US1 AS Y\ SAY QUITE WELL1 TO ULTIMATE DISA/]4 ,IT IS V]Y SAD ?AT SU* A MAGNIFIC5T DISPLAY ( 9TELLIG5CE & ( ! ,SPANI% *>ACT]1 UND]/OOD PROP]LY1 WILL NOT COME TO ! ATT5TION ( ALL ,SPANI% ANTI-FASCI/S & 9DEP5D5T M9DS4 ,COLONEL ,DIAZ ,S&9O 7,SEPTEMB] #b73 ,I HAVE READ ! DOCUM5T &1 S9C]ELY1 IT IS V]Y GRATIFY+ TO TELL Y\ ?AT NO HONORABLE CRITICISM HAS EV] BE5 MORE CORRECT1 OR MORE JU/ OR TRUE4 ,I CAN ONLY CONGRATULATE Y\4 ,IT W\LD HAVE BE5 NECESS>Y = AN ORGANIZATION OR A P>TY TO HAVE ! C\RAGE TO SAY !SE ?+S1 & S9CE Y\ TOOK ! 9ITIATIVE1 ,I WILL NOT SP>E MY PRAISE4444 ,COLONEL ,JIM5EZ DE LA ,B]AZA 7,SEPTEMB] #c73 ,I WAS ?RILL$ TO BE ACQUA9T$ ) ! ROBU/ MORAL C\RAGE ?AT UND]LIES Y\R ANALYSIS ( ! POLITICAL ACTIVITY ?AT HAS BE5 ! PR9CIPAL CAUSE ( \R MILIT>Y MIS=TUNES & ! 9ACTIVITY 9 :I* M5 :O >E EFFICI5T 9 ! MILIT>Y S5SE & ABSOLUTELY LOYAL & TRU/WOR?Y HAVE BE5 MA9TA9$4444 ,COLONEL ,EMILIO ,TORRES3 ,MANY ( ! SUGGE/IONS Y\ MAKE CO9CIDE ) MY [N ORAL & WRITT5 SUGGE/IONS1 & IT IS TO BE HOP$ ?AT !Y WILL RECEIVE1 ON ! P>T ( ! GOV]NM5T1 & 9S(> AS !Y >E PRACTICABLE1 ! FAVORABLE WELCOME ?AT !IR GOOD 9T5TIONS DES]VE4 7,SEPTEMB] #a#a7 ,G5]AL ,JOSE ,AS5SIO3 444 ,I TOTALLY AGREE4 ,I PRAISE ! CONCLUSIONS1 :I* 5COMPASS A COMPLETE PROGRAM1 )\T P>TISAN DI/ORTIONS & )\T ANY O!R PURPOSE ?AN TO DEFEAT ! 5EMY & TO W9 ! W> &1 ) IT1 NOT JU/ ! 9DEP5D5CE ( ,SPA91 BUT LIB]TY1 JU/ICE & CIVIL RIE ! F\NDATIONS ( ! ORGANIZATION & ! WELL BE+ ( ! PEOPLE4 7,SEPTEMB] #a#e7 ,!RE IS A L>GE AM\NT ( CORRESPOND5CE CONC]N+ ?IS DOCUM5T4 ,WE HAVE HIY FIGURES :O CANNOT BE SUSPECT$ ( %>+ \R REVOLUTION>Y IDEALS4 ,& N[1 WE %ALL SUMM>IZE ! CONT5TS ( ! REPORT1 S9CE ITS GREAT L5G? WILL NOT ALL[ US TO PROVIDE ! FULL TEXT4 ,WE BEGAN BY RECOGNIZ+ ?AT ! MILIT>Y PROGRESS ( ! 5EMY HAD BE5 CON/ANT OV] ! LA/ TWO YE>S ( ! W>1 9VOLV+ ! CONQUE/ ( EXT5SIVE T]RITORIES & IMPORTANT CITIES 9 \R PROV9CES4 ,WE CAN SAY ?AT \R >MY HAS DONE NO?+ UP UNTIL ?IS DATE O!R ?AN RESI/ ) V>I\S DEGREES ( SUCCESS1 & ! (F5SIVES ?AT WE HAVE M\NT$ HAVE ALMO/ ALWAYS BE5 NEUTRALIZ$ BY ! 5EMY1 :I* ON MO/ OCCASIONS HAS RECONQU]$ MORE L& ?AN WAS AT FIR/ LO/ TO \R (F5SIVES1 ?ANKS TO AN IMPORTANT MOBILE /RIKE =CE ?AT WE MU/ \RSELVES =M1 TO W9 ! W>1 ) TWICE AS MANY TROOPS AS \R 5EMIES4444 ,!RE CAN BE NO D\BT ?AT ! LEAD]%IP ?AT WE HAVE CONF]R$ UPON ! CONDUCT ( ! W> 9 \R CAMP SUFF]S FROM S]I\S DEFECTS1 & \R PEOPLE'S >MY & ITS COMM&]S1 LACK+ TRA9+ & COMPET5CE & UND]M9$ = ! MO/ P>T BY P>TISAN POLITICS1 ALSO EXHIBIT !SE SAME DEFECTS4 ,!RE IS !RE=E NO?+ TO BE GA9$ BY DECEIV+ \RSELVES4 ,TO ! CONTR>Y1 WE BELIEVE ?AT IT IS WOR? ! TR\BLE TO CALL ATT5TION TO ! ]RORS WE HAVE MADE1 9 DOCUM5TS NOT 9T5D$ = PUBLICATION1 BACK$ UP BY \R EXP]I5CES 9 \R CAMPAIGN :OSE PURPOSE IS TO SEE TO IT ?AT !SE ]RORS >E CORRECT$4 ,O!RWISE WE CAN ONLY HOPE = AN 9T]NATIONAL SOLUTION BAS$ ON ! M$IATION ( \R CONFLICT1 A M$IATION ?AT W\LD C]TA9LY BE UNFAVORABLE = ! ,REPUBLIC4 ,EI!R ?IS1 OR WE MU/ HOPE = ! SAME OLD MIRACLE ?AT WILL SAVE US FROM ! F9AL DISA/]4444 ,!N WE M5TION$ ! CAUSES ?AT HAD L$ TO SU* A DIFFICULT MILIT>Y PR$ICAM5T4 A7 ,! ABSURD & P]NICI\S 9FLU5CE ( POLITICS ON ! W>4 ,FIR/1 UPON ! \TBREAK ( ! MILIT>Y UPRIS+ & ITS DEFEAT 9 SEV]AL MAJOR CITIES1 & ESPECIALLY 9 ,B>CELONA1 9/EAD ( EV]YONE %>+ ! SAME CORRECT VIEW ( REALITY1 IT WAS BELIEV$ BY ! MAJORITY ( ! P>TIES & ORGANIZATIONS ?AT ! CONFLICT WAS MORE OR LESS WON1 ?AT IT WAS JU/ A MATT] ( A FEW WEEKS OR MON?S &1 CONSEQU5TLY1 EA* P>TY & EA* ORGANIZATION BEGAN TO CONC]N ITSELF ) ! FUTURE1 ) RE9=C+ ITS POSITIONS ( DOM9ANCE4 ,!Y DID NOT WANT TO FOCUS ALL AVAILABLE HUMAN & MILIT>Y MAT]IAL ON ! W>4 ,! 9FILTRATION ( DUBI\S ELEM5TS 9 ! RANKS ( ANTI-FASCISM ALSO CONTRIBUT$ TO SQU&]+ \R OPPORTUNITIES DUR+ ! FIR/ FEW MON?S :5 MILIT>Y 9ITIATIVE ON \R P>T WAS /ILL POSSIBLE4 ,LAT]1 ! POLITICS ( P>TISAN HEGEMONY 9 ! RE>GU>D CAUS$ \R FI1 :I* WAS NECESS>ILY A REVOLUTION>Y W>4 ,P>TIES & ORGANIZATIONS DEVOT$ !MSELVES TO HO>D+ >MS 9 ! RE>GU>D1 = ! PURPOSE ( DOM9AT+ ! PO/W> P]IOD ?AT !Y ?\MS FROM FRONTS ?AT W]E UN/ABLE1 BADLY ORGANIZ$ & LACK+ ! ELEM5TS ?AT HAD BE5 REMOV$ FROM !M4 ,ONCE !SE FIR/ MI/AKES HAD BE5 P>TLY RECTIFI$1 444 A POLITICAL P>TY APPE>$ 9 ! SPOTLITY ?AT HAD FEW MEMB]S1 :I*1 RELY+ ON ! POLICY ( A =EIGN P[]1 AFT] C>RY+ \T AN 9T5SIVE PROPAG&A CAMPAIGN AMONG ! RANKS ( ! >MY & 9 ! 9/ITUTIONS ( PUBLIC ORD]1 (F]+ ! BAIT ( PROMOTIONS & APPO9TM5TS TO HI< LEVEL POSITIONS1 :I* ATTRACT$ NEOPHYTES :OSE ANTI-FASCI/ CR$5TIALS W]E H>DLY IMPECCABLE & :O W]E MORALLY DEFICI5T1 MANY ( :OM IT PROTECT$ BY GIV+ !M MEMB]%IP C>DS BACKDAT$ TO #a#i#c#c1 BRAZ5LY ATTEMPT$ TO TRANS=M ! PEOPLE'S >MY 9TO A CREATURE ( ! P>TY4 ,PROSELYTISM BY WAY ( CORRUPTION1 FLATT]Y1 PROMOTIONS1 FAVORITISM1 & ALL K9DS ( CO]CIVE MEASURES1 EV5 9 ! TR5*ES1 CREAT$ AN ATMOSPH]E ( DECOMPOSITION & DISCONT5T ?AT UND]M9$ ! MORALE & EFFECTIV5ESS ( ! MILIT>Y APP>ATUS4 ,US+ ! MO/ REPULSIVE ME?ODS1 !SE ELEM5TS :O W]E OBEY+ ! DICTATES ( A =EIGN P[] SEIZ$ CONTROL OV] ! ,G5]AL ,/AFFS & DEVOT$ !MSELVES TO SL&]+ MILIT>Y (FIC]S :O W]E NOT SYMPA!TIC TO !IR P>TY IDEOLOGY1 & REPLAC$ !M ) P>TY MEMB]S4 ,& BECAUSE MEMB]%IP 9 ?IS P>TY DOES NOT BY VIRTUE ( ?AT FACT ALONE CONF] ANY GU>ANTEE ( ABILITY1 ! >MY ( ! ,REPUBLIC HAS BE5 GIV51 ) ! KN[L$GE & CONS5T ( ITS LEAD]%IP1 A L>GE NUMB] ( COMM&+ (FIC]S :O LACK ! P]SONAL EXP]I5CE & TE*NICAL KN[L$GE REQUIR$ = ! MANAGEM5T1 :I* HAS SO (T5 BE5 5TRU/$ TO !M1 ( L>GE UNITS4 ,SOME ( !SE COMM&+ (FIC]S HAVE 9TRODUC$ >ROGANCE & DISC\RTE\S TREATM5T AS ASPECTS ( !IR LEAD]%IP /YLE4 ,DESPITE ALWAYS HAV+ ! WORD 0COMRADE0 ON !IR LIPS1 !Y HAVE NEV] FELT COMRADELY 9 !IR HE>TS1 S9CE !Y HAVE EV5 RE/OR$ CORPORAL PUNI%M5T 9 ! >MY1 (T5 EMPLOY+ IT TO DISCR$IT ! REVOLUTION4 ,& DESPITE ! =MATION ( AU?ORIZ$ MILIT>Y TRIBUNALS1 !Y HAVE EV5 GONE SO F> AS TO SECRETLY %OOT PEOPLE & H>RASS 9DIVIDUALS 9 COMPLETE VIOLATION ( MILIT>Y LAW4 ,! 9T]F]5CE ( POLITICS 9 ! W> HAS REA*$ SU* AN EXTREME ?AT IT 9T]RUPT$ OP]ATIONS ?AT MIM$ ! CAUSE ( ! ,SPANI% PEOPLE1 :I* CANNOT BE ! PATRIMONY ( ANY P>TICUL> P>TY OR MADE ! VICTIM ( S*EMES & CULTS ( P]SONALITY4.<#c#d.> ,IT CAN BE SAID ?AT EV]Y?+ ?AT HAS S9CE BE5 UND]TAK51 ESPECIALLY ) REG>D TO ! COMPOSITION ( MILIT>Y UNITS & APPO9TM5TS TO COMM&+ POSITIONS1 HAS BE5 DONE SOLELY TO S]VE POLITICAL PURPOSES2 IT IS UND] SU* CONDITIONS ?AT \R W> IS WAG$4444 B7 ,! ,COMMISS>IAT ( ,W> ,:5 ! MILIT>Y UPRIS+ FIR/ BROKE \T & WE IMPROVIS$ AN ORGANIZATIONAL FRAMEWORK = FI1 :5 ALL ! MILIT>Y RES\RCES W]E 9 \R H&S1 NOT KN[+ :I* PR(ESSIONAL ELEM5TS TO :OM WE %\LD 5TRU/ ! COMM& OV] \R COLUMNS1 WE RESORT$ TO ! APPO9TM5T ( POLITICAL SECTION LEAD]S OR COMMISS>S :O1 ACCOMPANI$ BY MILIT>Y (FIC]S :O W]E MORE OR LESS SYMPA!TIC & TRU/WOR?Y1 EX]CIS$ CONTROL OV] MILIT>Y OP]ATIONS4 ,IT WAS ! ONLY ADVISABLE PROC$URE UND] ! CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,WE C\LD NOT LEAVE ! COMM&+ POSITIONS 9 ! H&S ( P]SONNEL ) :OM WE W]E NOT FAMILI>1 & WE HAD TO RE/RICT APPO9TM5TS TO COMM&+ POSITIONS TO ?OSE MILIT>Y LEAD]S :O HAD DECL>$ !IR SUPPORT = ! PEOPLE 9 >MS4 ,IT WAS A MEASURE IMPOS$ BY CIRCUM/ANCES1 UNTIL ! SITUATION BECAME MORE CLE>4 ,%ORTLY AFT]W>DS1 (FIC]S ( REVOLUTION>Y & POPUL> ORIG9 BEGAN TO GRADUATE FROM \R MILIT>Y S*OOLS1 & MANY ( \R MILITIAM5 PROV$ TO BE EXCELL5T MILIT>Y COMM&]S AT ! FRONT1 SU* AS ,DURRUTI 9 ,CATALONIA1 ,CIPRIANO ,M]A 9 ! ,C5T]1 ,HIG9IO ,C>ROC]A 9 ,A/URIAS1 ETC4 ,! 9T]V5TION ( A DUAL APP>ATUS ?AT WAS BO? POLITICAL & MILIT>Y WAS USELESS1 IF NOT H>MFUL2 NOT TO M5TION ! POISON ( PROSELYTISM ?AT WAS ITS FUEL & VEHICLE4 ,WE SAID TO ! ,GOV]NM5T ( ! ,REPUBLIC3 ,9 GOOD MILIT>Y DOCTR9E1 ! MAN 9 COMM& MU/ BE EV]Y?+ TO ! SOLDI]1 :O MU/ SEE HIM AS A PAT]NAL FRI5D1 A FAI?FUL ADM9I/RATOR1 & A TEA*] :O GUIDES ! SOLDI] 9 EV]Y WAY 7& :O EV5 TEA*ES HIM TO READ71 PROVID+ HIM ) AN APPR5TICE%IP 9 CULTURE & SOCIAL LIFE4 ,IF AN (FIC] DOES NOT HAVE !SE TRAITS1 HE MU/ BE REMOV$ FROM ! RANKS ( ! >MY1 BUT ! SOLUTION DOES NOT LIE 9 PLAC+ A COMMISS> AT HIS SIDE TO MAKE SURE ?AT HE DEMON/RATES !M1 OR AS IS ALMO/ ALWAYS ! CASE1 TO SEE TO IT ?AT HE DOES NOT DEMON/RATE !M4 ,! SOLDI] MU/ SEE ! MAN 9 COMM& AS A SUP]IOR P]SON :O CAN EFFECTIVELY LEAD HIM 9 ! TRAGIC & T]RIBLE EXP]I5CE ( BATTLE4 ,HE MU/ SEE ! (FIC] AS A MODEL & AN EXAMPLE1 9 :OSE H&S ! SUPREME SACRIFICE ( LIFE MU/ BE PLAC$4 ,LIFE CANNOT BE RISK$ >BITR>ILY1 NO MATT] H[ JU/ ! CAUSE ?AT IS DEF5D$4 ,SACRIFICE MU/ BE CR[N$ ) VICTORY1 ?AT IS1 ) ! OCCUPATION ( ! OBJECTIVE DESIGNAT$ BY ! COMM&]S4 ,DUAL COMM& HAS NEV] EXI/$ 9 HI/ORY1 S9CE EV5 9 ! ]A ( ! ,ROMAN ,S5ATE1 ! TWO CONSULS :O W]E NAM$ ALT]NAT$ 9 ! EX]CISE ( MILIT>Y COMM&4 ,SOME MILIT>Y OP]ATIONS W]E DISRUPT$ 9 !IR DEVELOPM5T BY ABSURD IDEAS IMPOS$ BY ?\S4 ,ON O!R OCCASIONS ! COMMISS>S D5\NC$ MILIT>Y COMM&]S ) A NOTORI\S FLIPPANCY1 MOTIVAT$ BY RES5TM5T & P>TISAN AMBITIONS4444 ,) ! COMMISS>IAT1 AN 5ORM\S & BYZANT9E BUREAUCRATIC MA*9E HAS BE5 CREAT$ )9 \R >MY ?AT HAS NO OBVI\S MILIT>Y USE4444 ,WE US$ TO COMPLA9 AB\T ! 5ORM\S BURD5 REPRES5T$ = \R C\NTRY BY #b#b1 (FIC]S ON ACTIVE DUTY4 ,WE %\LD CALCULATE ! IMPACT ON \R FUTURE (1 9 ADDITION TO ! #d#e1 (FIC]S ?AT WE HAVE N[ 9 \R >MY1 ANO!R #d#e1 COMMISS>S4444 ,?IS 9/ITUTION1 !RE=E1 NOT ONLY DOES NOT CONTRIBUTE 9 ITS CURR5T =M TO ! SUCCESSFUL PROSECUTION ( ! W>1 BUT ACTUALLY H9D]S IT DUE TO ITS 9T]F]5CE1 ) ! POLITICAL PROSELYTISM ?AT IS C>RI$ \T 9 FAVOR ( A P>TY & ) ITS LACK ( TACT & ( MILIT>Y KN[L$GE4444 ,9 C]TA9 UNITS1 ! COMMISS>S HAVE BE5 NOT$ TO MEET ) ! (FIC]S :O SUPPORT C]TA9 IDEOLOGIES1 & ) ! CELLS ?AT W]E =M$ EV]Y:]E1 TO ALLOCATE ! UNITS' COMM&+ POSITIONS4 ,FUR!RMORE1 COMMISS>S HAVE P>TICIPAT$ 9 EXECUTIONS C>RI$ \T 9 DEFIANCE ( MILIT>Y LAW1 AN EXTREMITY ?AT IT IS PRECISELY !IR MISSION TO PREV5T1 AS ! CU/ODIANS ( ! SAFEGU>D+ ( MILIT>Y ORD]4444.<#c#e.> C7 ,! MILIT>Y ADVIS]S FROM ! ,U,S,S,R & ! USE ( ! AIR =CE ,WE DID NOT WANT TO ADDRESS ! FAM\S AID RECEIV$ FROM ! ,U,S,S,R4 ,?IS AID WAS ALL PAID =1 AT M>KET PRICES & )\T ANY DISC\NTS1 REG>DLESS ( ! QUALITY ( ! MAT]IEL WE RECEIV$ 9 EX*ANGE4 ,?AT IS ALL WELL & GOOD1 BUT AT MO/ ALL ?AT WAS REQUIR$ ( US WAS PROMPT PAYM5T & ALL ! GRATITUDE \R SUPPLI] WANT$4 ,H[EV] .1 WE ?9K ?AT \R ID5TITY %\LD NOT BE MORTGAG$ & ?AT ! ,REPUBLIC1 & WE1 ! ,SPANI% PEOPLE1 %\LD NOT AB&ON ! LEAD ROLE 9 CONDUCT+ \R GOV]NM5T POLICY & \R W>4 ,! ,U,S,S,R HAS S5T TO \R C\NTRY NUM]\S TEAMS ( MORE OR LESS EXP]I5C$ & DISCREET MILIT>Y TE*NICIANS ( V>I\S DEGREES ( PR(ESSIONAL COMPET5CE4 ,SOME ( !M EV5TUALLY DEM&$ ?AT !Y BE OBEY$1 & O!RS HAVE WORK$ TO PLACE /AFF (FIC]S & FIELD COMM&]S :O >E MEMB]S ( A C]TA9 K9DR$ P>TY 9 POSITIONS ( COMM& & ON ! ,G5]AL ,/AFF ( \R >MY1 SO !Y CAN DICTATE !IR ORD]S TO !M2 !Y ALSO %[ PREF]5CE & 9DULG5CE = UNITS ?AT !Y CONSID] TO %>E !IR [N IDEOLOGY1 & NEGLECT = ?OSE :I* !Y CONSID] TO BE 9FLU5C$ BY O!R P>TIES OR ORGANIZATIONS4 ,?IS IS PROV5 BY ! FACT ?AT !RE >E DIVISIONS 9 \R >MY PR(ESS+ ! COMMUNI/ IDEOLOGY ?AT POSSESS MORE >TILL]Y1 A MA*9E GUN BATTALION1 & ANO!R BATTALION >M$ ) SUBMA*9E GUNS1 ) BETT] >MAM5TS1 A FIELD HOSPITAL & !IR [N SURGICAL EQUIPM5T & FREE H&S = !IR COMM&]S TO OBTA9 SUPPLIES ( ALL K9DS4444 .<,AS WE W]E TOLD BY ,HIL>IO ,E/EBAN3.> ,! P>T AB\T ! COMMISS>IAT IS RIGET & ,I HOPE ?AT IT IS TAK5 9TO CONSID]ATION1 S9CE ! COMMISS> HAS =GOTT5 HIS PROP] FUNCTION & EV]Y?+ ELSE 9 ORD] TO S]VE ! P>TY ?AT NOM9AT$ HIM = ! POSITION ( COMMISS>4 ,!RE HAVE BE5 MANY OCCASIONS :5 !SE P>TISAN 9TRIGUES HAVE YIELD$ DISA/R\S RESULTS = >MY UNITS4 7,HIL>IO ,E/EBAN1 ,COORD9ATION ,SECTION ( ! ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEE ( ,CATALONIA ( ! ,C,N,T1 ,SEPTEMB] #a7 ,! COMMISS> ( ! #g#bND ,DIVISION1 ,ANTONIO ,B>EA1 TOLD US3 ,FUR!RMORE1 ,I TOTALLY AGREE2 SO MU* ?AT :5 ,I READ SOME ( Y\R /ATEM5TS 7= EXAMPLE1 ?OSE REF]R+ TO ! COMMISS>IAT1 ! ,RUSSIAN ADVIS]S1 ! ,S,I,M7 IT SEEMS ?AT ,I AM READ+ SOME?+ ?AT ,I WROTE MYSELF40 7,SEPTEMB] #a#h7 ,?IS IS ! SECRET BEH9D ! FACT ?AT !Y . >E MORE CAPABLE ( RESI/+ ! 5EMY ?AN O!R1 SIMIL> UNITS4 ,OP]ATIONS ?AT AM\NT$ TO /UP5D\S DISA/]S W]E ORD]$ & IMPLEM5T$ BY SOME ( !SE ADVIS]S FROM ! ,U,S,S,R1 CONC]N+ :OM WE S9C]ELY BELIEV$ ?AT WE C\LD ASK !M = MORAL & MAT]IAL SUPPORT & EV5 TE*NICAL ADVICE1 BUT 9 :OSE NOT ALWAYS SKILL$ H&S--AL?\< ! MEMB]S ( ! COMMUNI/ P>TY1 ) AN ADMIRABLE PROV9CIALISM1 ?9K O!RWISE--! EXECUTIVE DECISION MAK+ ( ! CAMPAIGN MU/ NEV] BE PLAC$4444.<#c#f.> ,LIEUT5ANT COLONEL ,JOV] MA9TA9$ ?AT1 444 WE CAN BY NO MEANS CONS5T TO BE+ REPLAC$ BY =EIGN]S4444 ,) \R PATI5T EF=TS1 WE MU/ COMPEL ALL ?OSE :O WANT TO FIDS & TO BECOME ,SPANI%2 !N WE %ALL SEE4444 ,= \R P>T1 WE WORK$ ) MANY MEMB]S ( ! MILIT>Y TEAMS S5T FROM ! ,U,S,S,R & WE HAVE BE5 ABLE TO OBS]VE !IR ONE-TRACK WAY ( ?9K+ & !IR ALMO/ TOTAL LACK ( ABILITY TO SOLVE UN=ESE5 PROBLEMS4 ,?AT IS :Y1 G5]ALLY SPEAK+1 :5 AN OP]ATION DID NOT WORK \T AS PLANN$1 !Y W]E CONFUS$ & LEFT ! PLANN+ ( MEASURES TO RECTIFY !IR FAIL$ OP]ATIONS TO *ANCE4 ,& AS = ! COLONELS & G5]ALS !Y S5T US TO S]VE AS TE*NICIANS 9 ! >T ( WAG+ W>1 !Y W]E NO BETT]1 & ?IS IS SAY+ A LOT1 ?AN ! AV]AGE LEVEL ( ANY ( \R HALF-TRA9$ CAPTA9S4 ,! AIR =CE WE POSSESS$ WAS COMPLETELY 9 ! H&S ( ! COMM&]S FROM ! ,U,S,S,R1 AN EXTREME SOLUTION EASILY UND]/&ABLE DUE TO ! SPECIAL CONDITIONS ( ! AIR >M1 AS DI/9CT FROM ?OSE ( ! L& >MY1 & WE HAD EV5 =M$ NUM]\S CONT+5TS ( MAGNIFIC5T ,SPANI% PILOTS1 & WE MANUFACTUR$ SEV]AL PLANES EA* WEEK 9 \R FACTORIES4 ,\R AIR =CE1 H[EV]1 WAS NOT US$ EFFECTIVELY1 S9CE WE DID NOT HAVE ! TACTICAL SUPPORT PLANES ?AT C\LD WORK 9 COOP]ATION ) ! >MIES1 P]HAPS DUE TO A LACK ( TRA9$ PILOTS4 ,WE CAN /ATE ?AT \R 9FANTRY NEV] FEELS ?AT IT HAS SUFFICI5T SUPPORT FROM ! AIR =CE1 :I* HAS NEV] OP]AT$ 9 CONC]T ) ! L& =CES1 9 CONTRA/ TO ! WAY \R 5EMIES USE !IR AIR =CE4 ,NO REAL EF=TS >E MADE TO 5GAGE 9 A]IAL OBS]VATION1 NOR >E ANY PHOTOGRAPHIC *>TS COMPIL$1 NOR >E OP]ATIONAL PLANS UPDAT$1 NOR >E ! 5EMY'S EF=TS TO BUILD =TIFICATIONS BE+ MONITOR$1 NOR IS !RE ANY ATTEMPT1 9 %ORT1 TO P]=M ! REAL WORK ?AT %\LD BE P]=M$ BY ! AIR =CE 9 A MOD]N W>4 ,! AIR =CE IS1 AS ! FAM\S SAY+ HAS IT1 0! EYES ( ! >MY0 & ! 0LEFT HOOK ( ! BOX+ MAT* ( ! COMM&]S04 ,& WE REGRET TO SAY1 FROM ?IS PO9T ( VIEW1 WE F9D \RSELVES1 9 ! PEOPLE'S >MY1 V]Y NE>LY TOTALLY BL9D1 & ?AT \R COMM&]S CAN ONLY USE ! RITILL]Y 9 !IR BOX+ MAT*4.<#c#g.> D7 ,AN ATMOSPH]E ( SUSPICION HAUNTS ! MILIT>Y COMM&]S ,!RE HAS BE5 A T5D5CY TO CREATE1 )\T 9T5D+ TO DO SO1 BY ! RUMORS SPREAD BY COMMISS>S & LOCAL COMMITTEES1 AG5TS ( ! ,S,I,M1 AG5TS ( ! P>TIES1 ETC41 AN ATMOSPH]E ( REAL SUSPICION >\ND NUM]\S MILIT>Y COMM&]S4 ,IT CAN BE /AT$ ?AT \R 9TELLIG5CE SECTIONS KN[ V]Y LITTLE AB\T ! 5EMY1 BUT 9/EAD KN[ A LOT ( GOSSIP1 MO/ ( IT UNF\ND$1 CONC]N+ ! (FIC]S ( ! >MY :O >E NOT MEMB]S ( ! P>TY ?AT HOLDS ! KEY POSITIONS 9 !SE 9TELLIG5CE SECTIONS OR PR$OM9ATES AMONG !IR 9=MANTS4 ,AN APOLITICAL ,NAPOLEON ,BONAP>TE COMM&+ A MAJOR CORPS 9 \R PEOPLE'S >MY W\LD SURELY BE DISMISS$ IF HE HAD A COMMISS> OR A CELL FROM A C]TA9 P>TY 9 HIS G5]AL HEADQU>T]S4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 FALSE MILIT>Y PRE/IGE HAS BE5 FABRICAT$ = IGNORANT & 9EXP]I5C$ 9DIVIDUALS1 PRECISELY ON ! BASIS ( ! COMPLICITY ( CELLS & COMMISS>S4 ,UND] !SE CONDITIONS A MORAL CLIMATE HAS BE5 G5]AT$ ?AT IS F> REMOV$ FROM A HEAL?Y & NOBLE 5VIRONM5T ( EXEMPL>Y COMRAD]Y ?AT %\LD BE ! RULE AMONG ! LOYALI/ (FIC] CORPS1 & IT IS 9 ?IS FACTOR ?AT ! CAUSE ( MANY R\TS1 MILIT>Y DISA/]S & ! LACK ( GOOD COMM&]S MU/ BE S\MY 9TO A S\LLESS & 9CONSI/5T MASS4 E7 ,%IRK]S & MORALE BEH9D ! L9ES ,!RE >E F> TOO MANY CASES ( COMPLICAT$ 9TRIGUES1 & RECOMM5DATIONS SP>+ C]TA9 PEOPLE FROM FRONT-L9E DUTY1 & ULTRA-REVOLUTION>Y FIGURES 9 ! RE>GU>D ACCOMPLI% ! IMPOSSIBLE BY EVAD+ !IR MILIT>Y OBLIGATIONS AFT] RECEIV+ !IR CONSCRIPTION NOTICES4.<#c#h.> ,& AMONG ! COMMISS>S1 P]SONNEL DE/9$ = PSEUDO-9DU/RIAL1 AUXILI>Y1 5G9E]+ S]VICES1 ETC41 REMOV$ FROM ! RANKS MORE ?AN ?IRTY P]C5T ( !IR NUMB]4 ,NOR W]E !SE ! ONLY WAYS TO EVADE ONE'S MILIT>Y DUTIES4 ,9 ,MAY #aicg WE HAD A L>GE SURPLUS ( >M$ M51 A REAL RES]VE >MY ?AT TODAY1 DESPITE A S]IES ( ADDITIONAL MILIT>Y DRAFTS1 WE NO LONG] POSSESS4 ,!SE M5 W]E US$ DISPROPORTIONATELY TO RE9=CE UNITS P]=M+ ! S]VICES ( PUBLIC ORD] & ! TREASURY POLICE ?AT C\LD HAVE BE5 P]=M$ BY O!R1 NONMILIT>Y1 BODIES4 ,!SE UNITS COMPOS$ ( Y\NG M5 :O HAD BE5 MOBILIZ$ %\LD HAVE BE5 ASSIGN$ TO ! FRONTS & %\LD HAVE CON/ITUT$ ! RES]VE >MIES4 ,EXEMPTIONS FROM S]VICE AT ! FRONT1 = POLITICAL REASONS1 = ?OSE :O >E SAID TO BE 9DISP5SABLE = CIVIL ADM9I/RATION1 ?OSE ASSIGN$ TO W> 9DU/RIES1 ?OSE :O >E 9CLUD$ 9 ! CONSCRIPTION CLASSES ?AT W]E MOBILIZ$ TO FILL UP ! RANKS ( ! C>AB9]OS1 ! UNI=M$ SECURITY CORPS1 ! ,S,I,M & ! POLICE1 PRODUCE A GREAT DEAL ( DISCONT5T AMONG ! FRONT L9E SOLDI]S & !IR FAMILIES4 ,ALL !SE ?+S %\LD BE RECTIFI$ ) A /RONG H& & ) IMP>TIALITY4 ,AN EXAMPLE3 A FEW DAYS AGO1 ! UND]SECRET>Y = PROPAG&A ( ! COMMUNI/ P>TY WAS MOBILIZ$ AS A W> 9DU/RY WORK]1 & IT IS FROM ?AT POSITION ?AT HE S]VES HIS P>TY BY DISSEM9AT+ TONS ( COMMUNI/ PROPAG&A4 ,ANO!R FACTOR ?AT IS CONDUCIVE TO DEMORALIZATION IS ! FACT ?AT ON ! HOME FRONT1 ! ONLY WAYS TO GET FOOD >E TO HAVE MONEY OR TO BE A MEMB] ( A P>TY OR ORGANIZATION *>ACT]IZ$ BY ITS SUPPORT = ! GOV]NM5T OR ! ,U,S,S,R4 ,WE !N REF]R$ TO ! LIE ( ! APOLITICISM ( ! >MY & ! SC&AL\S WAY ?AT ALMO/ EV]Y?+ ?AT WAS ESS5TIAL = ! CONDUCT ( ! W> EF=T WAS CONTROLL$ BY ! COMMUNI/ P>TY & BY ! ,RUSSIAN ADVIS]S4 ,& !N WE SUMM>IZ$ :AT WAS ACCOMPLI%$ BY ,CATALONIA = ! W> EF=T & = ! MANUFACTURE ( MILIT>Y PRODUCTS1 9 RESPONSE TO ! CAMPAIGN ( CALUMNY WAG$ BY ! ,MOSC[-ORI5T$ PRESS1 PO9T+ \T ?AT ?IS IGNORANCE ( SU* AN UNP>ALLEL$ =CE C\LD ONLY S[ ! SE$S ( BITT]NESS & CYNICISM 9 A REGION ?AT IS VITAL = ! FUTURE ( ! W>4 ,WE DEVOT$ ONE SECTION ( \R TEXT TO ! EXECUTIVE COMM& ( MILIT>Y OP]ATIONS1 & TO ! CRITIQUE ( ! ,T]UEL CAMPAIGN1 9ITIAT$ UND] EXTREMELY UNFAVORABLE CIRCUM/ANCES = US4 ,ONE DIVISION WAS MISS+ ?REE ?\S& M51 & !RE W]E >TILL]Y BATT]IES ?AT HAD ONLY ONE GUN4 ,WE HAD ON \R SIDE ! ADVANTAGE ( SURPRISE1 A CONC5TRAT$ FOCUS ( ACTION1 & ! FACT ?AT ! (F5SIVE CAPACITIES ( ! 5EMY W]E AT ?AT TIME DIRECT$ T[>DS ,GUADALAJ>A1 BUT FAC$ ) ! 5EMY'S C\NT](F5SIVE1 \R >MY'S DEFECTIVE OP]ATIONAL PLANN+ BECAME OBVI\S 9 G5]AL AS WELL AS ) RESPECT TO ! DETAILS4 ,! DEMORALIZATION ( ! UNITS ?AT SURR5D]$ ALSO TE/IFI$ TO ! FAILURE ( ! MILIT>Y POLICY ?AT HAD BE5 FOLL[$ UP UNTIL ?AT PO9T4 F7 ,DISREG>D = ! IDIOSYNCRASIES ( ! ! ,SPANI% PEOPLE ,WE HAVE SKET*$ ! \TL9ES ( :AT A PEOPLE'S >MY1 RA!R ?AN A P>TY OR A FRACTION1 MU/ BE4 ,N[1 WE W\LD LIKE TO REF] TO ANO!R =M ( >M$ /RUGGLE ?AT IS KN[N ?R\<\T ! WORLD AS ! ,SPANI%-/YLE OR GU]RILLA W>4 ,EV5 ! V]Y WORD 0GU]RILLA0 HAS PASS$ 9TO ! VOCABUL>Y ( EV]Y LANGUAGE AS A SYNONYM = IRREGUL> W>F>E4 ,CURR5TLY IT IS ! ,*9ESE :O >E REVEAL+ ! REAL PROSPECTS ( ?IS K9D ( W>4 ,! GU]RILLA IS CONSUB/ANTIAL ) ! ,SPANI% TEMP]AM5T1 ) ,SPA9'S BROK5 T]RA91 ) ITS M\NTA9S & RIDGES & ITS NATURAL =TIFICATIONS4 ,! MILITIAS ?AT W]E =M$ DUR+ ! FIR/ FEW MON?S ( ! CONFLICT HAD ?IS *>ACT]2 BUT ! LACK ( A REGUL> >MY CAUS$ US TO USE !M AS REGUL> =CES & ?IS L>GELY EXPLA9S !IR FAILURES & ?OSE ( !IR COMM&]S4 ,! MILITIAS AS FREE UND]TAK+S1 AUTONOM\S1 ) BOLD VOLUNTE]S1 ) NO O!R DISCIPL9E ?AN ?AT IMPOS$ BY ! NE$S ( ! MOM5T1 W\LD HAVE BE5 ABLE TO ACCOMPLI% = \R VICTORY AS MU* OR P]HAPS MORE ?AN ! >MY4 ,!Y W\LD HAVE PAV$ ! WAY = ! REGUL> =CES ) !IR DECISIVE VICTORIES1 !Y W\LD HAVE BE5 EV]Y:]E1 H>RASS+ ! 5EMY ) SURPRISE ATTACKS1 9T]RUPT+ ! 5EMY'S SUPPLY L9ES1 CAUS+ UNEXPECT$ LOSSES1 S[+ UNEASE & N]V\SNESS 9 ITS RANKS4 ,! ,GOV]NM5T ( ! ,REPUBLIC W\LD HAVE BE5 ABLE TO MORE EFFECTIVELY ORGANIZE ! >MY FROM ! V]Y />T IF IT HAD NOT BE5 =C$ TO EMPLOY !SE ORGANIZ$ =CES 9 OP]ATIONS = :I* !Y DID NOT HAVE SUFFICI5T TRA9+4 ,! DIRECT OR 9DIRECT COOP]ATION BETWE5 GU]RILLAS & REGUL> =CES W\LD HAVE GIV5 ?IS W> A DIFF]5T C\RSE4 ,GU]RILLAS OR CU]POS FRANCOS HAVE >IS5 9 EV]Y W> & HAVE BE5 5C\RAG$ BY EV]Y S*OOL ( MILIT>Y ?\MY1 BUT ) BRAVE GU]RILLAS LIKE ,MAKHNO1 ,*APAEV & ?\S&S ( O!RS :O W]E LESS WELL-KN[N4 ,\R CURR5T W> IS ! FIR/ TIME ?AT GU]RILLA TACTICS HAVE BE5 TOTALLY ELIM9AT$4 ,BUT :ILE IT IS TRUE ?AT GU]RILLAS & CU]POS FRANCOS HAVE BE5 FO/]$ BY ! MILIT>Y & CIVILIAN AU?ORITIES 9 ALL TIMES & 9 ALL C\NTRIES1 NO:]E MORE ?AN 9 ,SPA9 HAVE !Y PLAY$ SU* A DECISIVE ROLE4 ,IT WAS ! VOLUNTE] & POPUL> GU]RILLA =CES ?AT SEAL$ ! FATE ( ! ,NAPOLEONIC >MIES ON \R T]RITORY2 & IT WAS ! GU]RILLAS :O DECID$ ! FIR/ ,C>LI/ W> ?AT LA/$ SEV5 YE>S 9 FAVOR ( ! SY/EM ?AT SEEM$ LESS DESPOTIC & BACKW>D TO ! PEOPLE4 ,! COMPLETE SUPPRESSION ( ! PEOPLE'S MILITIAS1 :I* C\LD HAVE P]=M$ AUXILI>Y S]VICES BEH9D ! L9ES & C\LD HAVE FOCUS$ !IR MA9 ACTION ON SURPRISE ATTACKS1 9FILTRAT+ 5EMY T]RITORY1 & A ?\S& SPORADIC1 YET DISRUPTIVE1 ACTIONS AGA9/ ! 9VAD]S1 HAS DEPRIV$ US ( AN ACTIVE VEHICLE = ! SUPPORT ( ! PEOPLE & HAS TAK5 FROM \R H&S A PRECI\S 9/RUM5T = EFFECTIVE COOP]ATION ) ! >MY4 ,SO MU* = ! CRITICAL P>T ( \R /ATEM5T4 ,9 :AT FOLL[S WE (F] SOME SOLUTIONS4 ,WE PROPOS$ F\R URG5T1 PRELIM9>Y MEASURES3 ,A COMPLETE OV]HAUL ( ! HIY OP]ATIONS & W> POLICY4 ,AS LONG AS NO DECISION IS MADE TO EXPEL ! VOLUNTE]S AS REQUE/$ BY ! ,NON-,9T]V5TION ,COMMITTEE1 !N ,SPANI% COMM&]S %\LD BE APPO9T$ TO LEAD ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,BRIGADES4 ,NO =EIGN] %\LD OCCUPY ANY POSITION ( COMM& OR RESPONSIBILITY 9 ! >MY1 9 ! AIR =CE OR 9 ! NAVY4 ,! ,RUSSIAN ADVIS]S WILL DESI/ FROM !IR 9DEP5D5T OP]ATIONS & WILL BECOME MEMB]S ( ! ,G5]AL ,/AFFS1 SUBORD9ATE TO ,SPANI% SUPREME COMM&]S4 ,9T]PRET]S WILL BE PROVID$ BY ! ,GOV]NM5T4 ,REE/ABLI%M5T ( /RICT MILIT>Y DISCIPL9E4 ,?IS 5TAILS AS A CONSEQU5CE ! SEV]E PUNI%M5T ( ILLEGAL ACTS & ! 9COMPET5CE ( ! COMM&]S1 :E!R OR NOT !Y >E PROTECT$ BY A P>TICUL> POLITICAL P>TY4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ! (FIC] :O1 ) PI/OL 9 H&1 =C$ AN >TILL]Y UNIT TO FIRE ITS GUNS AT A FA/] RATE ?AN ! EQUIPM5T W\LD P]MIT1 ?US DAMAG+ & R5D]+ 9OP]ATIVE SEV]AL GUNS1 %\LD BE PUNI%$2 & SO1 TOO1 %\LD ANYONE :O ROBS OR LOOTS ! C\NTRY ?AT HE OCCUPIES2 OR ANYONE :O %OOTS SOMEONE ILLEGALLY2 OR ANYONE :O EXCE$S HIS AU?ORITY & :O IS NOT TRA9$ = OR CAPABLE ( EX]CIS+ ! COMM& FUNCTIONS = :I* HE IS APPO9T$ TO S]VE1 NOT)/&+ ! SANCTIONS ?AT >E SET =? 9 ! MILIT>Y CODE = TREASON OR C[>DICE = ALL ! MEMB]S ( ! >MY4 ,! /RICT DEL9EATION ( ! FUNCTIONS ( ! COMMISS>IAT ( W>1 SO ?AT IT IS NO LONG] CAPABLE ( 9FR++ UPON ! AU?ORITY & RESPONSIBILITIES ( ! MILIT>Y COMM& /RUCTURE4 ,A RADICAL RE=M ( ! ,S,I,M4 ,?IS MILIT>Y 9VE/IGATION S]VICE M]ITS A SEP>ATE DISCUSSION3 ,!RE CAN BE NO D\BT ?AT IT HAS COMMITT$ USELESS ACTS ( CRUELTY1 = :I* WE JU/LY REPROA*$ ,M>T9EZ ,ANIDO1 EMPLOY+ ME?ODS 0TO MAKE PEOPLE TALK0 ?AT HAVE BE5 R5\NC$ BY ALL ! POLICE =CES 9 ! WORLD4 ,IT IS ALSO TRUE ?AT IT HAS BE5 RESPONSIBLE = ! DEFECTS ( BAD POLICE ME?ODS1 :I* IMPRISON ALL ! RESID5TS ( A BLOCK TO >RE/ ONE ?IEF4 ,DESPITE SOME SUCCESSES A*IEV$ BY ?IS S]VICE1 ITS 9EFFECTIV5ESS IS OBVI\S4 ,! ,FIF? ,COLUMN EXI/S 9 ALL ITS 5ORMITY1 & ! 5EMY'S ESPIONAGE S]VICES SET UP BY ! ,GE/APO & ! ,O,V,R,A OP]ATE FREELY ON \R T]RITORY1 & CONC]N+ ! 5EMY WE >E TOTALLY 9 ! D>K ) REG>D TO 9TELLIG5CE4444 ,IT IS A NOTORI\S FACT ?AT ?IS S]VICE1 :I* CAN AVAIL ITSELF ( SU* EXTRAORD9>Y 9TELLECTUAL REF9EM5T & SKILL1 HAS S9CE ! \TBREAK ( ! W> NOT BE5 9 ! H&S ( A SUFFICI5TLY SKILL$ LEAD]%IP1 S9CE1 TAK+ 9TO ACC\NT ! FACT ?AT 5EMY T]RITORY (F]S A FAVORABLE 5VIRONM5T = ?IS K9D ( WORK & ! EASE ) :I* WE C\LD 9FILTRATE AG5TS :O SPEAK ! SAME LANGUAGE AS \R 5EMY 9 REBEL T]RITORY1 IT W\LD HAVE BE5 5TIRELY PRACTICABLE TO C>RY \T L>GE-SCALE PLANS SIMIL> TO ?OSE C>RI$ \T BY ! V>I\S SECRET S]VICES DUR+ ! WORLD W>4 ,9DISCRIM9ATE T]ROR IS NOT A WEAPON ?AT CAN B5EFIT \R CAUSE4 ,! SELECTION ( IGNORANT & 9EXP]I5C$ AG5TS CAN ONLY LEAD !M TO JU/IFY !IR PAY*ECKS BY G5]AT+ M]E GOSSIP ?AT IS F> REMOV$ FROM ! GREAT MISSION ?AT MU/ BE P]=M$4444 ,AS = :AT MU/ BE DONE TO W9 ! W>1 ! ,GOV]NM5T KNEW AS WELL AS WE DID1 BUT WE NONE!LESS BELIEV$ ?AT IT WAS NECESS>Y TO OP5LY /ATE IT 9 SO MANY WORDS3 ,A VICTORI\S \TCOME1 A*IEV$ /RICTLY BY MILIT>Y MEANS ON ! BATTLEFIELD1 IS NOT TO BE EXPECT$ TODAY1 NOR CAN WE 5VISION SU* A RESULT TAK+ 9TO ACC\NT ! MEANS AT \R DISPOSAL1 \R DIFFICULTIES1 \R MI/AKES & ALSO TAK+ 9TO ACC\NT ! FACT ?AT WE >E FI ) DRAFTEES :O >E M>RI$ M5 OR V]ITABLE *ILDR51 :O >E FAC+ ,MOORS1 ,LEGIONNAIRES1 ADV5TUR]S & FANATICS :OM ! 5EMY USES AS ASSAULT =CES & /ORM TROOPS4444 ,IF MILIT>Y VICTORY WAS IMPOSSIBLE1 H[EV]1 ! 5EMY NONE!LESS HAD HIS ,A*ILLES ,HEEL1 ! HOME FRONT ( ! REBELS ?AT WAS LIABLE TO DECOMPOSITION & DEMORALIZATION4 ,NATURALLY1 A REVOLT 9 ! 5EMY'S RE>GU>D WAS NOT TO BE EXPECT$ TO RESULT FROM M]E PROPAG&A4 ,SEV]AL FACTORS HAD TO BE COMB9$ 9 ADDITION TO PROPAG&A CAMPAIGNS1 = EXAMPLE1 A COMPLEM5T>Y ACTIVITY ( PROPAG&A 9 ,MOROCCO1 A MORE EFFECTIVE & CONSEQU5TIAL MILIT>Y POLICY & MORE EXT5SIVE USE ( IRREGUL> W>F>E4 ,= US1 ! 9FILTRATION ( A NETWORK ( AG5TS 9TO 5EMY T]RITORY1 SPEAK+ ! SAME LANGUAGE1 FAMILI> ) ! POLITICAL & MILIT>Y LIFE ( ! C\NTRY1 ( ! NATIONAL PSY*OLOGY1 CAPABLE ( 9SPIR+ ! PROLET>IAT & ! SO-CALL$ DEMOCRATIC SECTORS TO RISE UP AGA9/ ! 9VAD]S1 S[+ DISCONT5T BY MEANS ( A SKILFULL DISSEM9ATION ( NEWS & BY REPEAT$ ACTS ( SABOTAGE1 W\LD POSE NO PROBLEM4 ,WE PROPOS$ ! FOLL[+ OP]ATIONS3 ,! DIVISION ( REBEL-HELD T]RITORY 9TO OP]ATIONAL ZONES4 ,! ASSIGNM5T ( AG5TS TO EA* ZONE4 ,! SY/EMATIC 9FILTRATION ( !SE AG5TS & !IR JO9+ ! P>TIES ( ! REBEL SIDE4 ,5SURE ! TRANSMISSION ( REPORTS1 ORD]S & NEWS 9 5EMY T]RITORY & FROM 5EMY T]RITORY TO LOYALI/ ,SPA94 ,EA* ZONE %\LD POSSESS AT LEA/ ONE *IEF AG5T1 ONE OR MORE = EA* POLITICAL P>TY1 RESPONSIBLE = TRANSMITT+ & EXECUT+ ORD]S1 PROPAG&A1 ETC41 ONE C5TRAL CLE>+ H\SE ( NEWS & MEANS TO DISSEM9ATE IT1 & ONE OR MORE SABOTEURS4 ,9 EA* DIVISION ( ! REBEL >MY WE %\LD BE ABLE TO RELY ON AT LEA/ ONE AG5T ( \R SECRET S]VICE1 & IF POSSIBLE ONE 9 EV]Y NEWSPAP]1 ,M9I/RY OR IMPORTANT AG5CY OR ORGANIZATION4 ,! FIR/ FIVE PO9TS WE CONSID]$ TO BE APPLICABLE TO ,PORTUGAL AS WELL1 & IT WAS \R OP9ION ?AT !Y %\LD EV5 BE EXT5D$ TO ,ITALY4 ,A COORD9AT$ PROPAG&A CAMPAIGN & AN ATTEMPT TO FOM5T REBELLION 9 ! REBEL ZONE1 CO9CID+ ) AN EQUIVAL5T CAMPAIGN 9 ,MOROCCO & ) A /UNN+ MILIT>Y VICTORY ON \R P>T1 MIA1 AW>E ( ! FACT ?AT ! ,ISLAMIC WORLD IS ALWAYS PRONE TO EXALTATION & REVOLT AGA9/ ITS OPPRESSORS4 ,! ,KABILES ( ,NOR!RN ,MOROCCO >E IMPOV]I%$1 EXHAU/$ & HAVE SUFF]$ NUM]\S CASUALTIES AS A RESULT ( ! W>4444 ,X5OPHOBIA HAS ALWAYS PREVAIL$ AMONG ,MOSLEMS & ESPECIALLY AMONG ! TRIBES ( ! ,MAE CON/ANTLY PRONE TO 9DULGE 9 PASSIONATE1 MY/ICAL MOVEM5TS1 BESIDES ! FACT ?AT W>F>E & A NOMADIC WAY ( LIFE HAVE ALWAYS BE5 ! USUAL OCCUPATIONS ( ! NATIVES1 :I* IS :Y WE ?9K ?AT IT W\LD BE V]Y EASY TO SPUR !M TO RISE UP AGA9/ ! =EIGN]1 PLAY+ ON BO? ! RELIGI\S S5TIM5TS & ! X5OPHOBIA ( ! MASSES1 & ! PETTY AMBITIONS ( ! MO/ 9FLU5TIAL M5 9 !IR ,YEMA'AS OR ASSEMBLIES4444 ,WE EMPHASIZ$ ! /RATEGIC IMPORTANCE ( ! ,SAH>A & ! S\!RN P>T ( ,MOROCCO = COMMUNICATIONS ) ,S\? ,AM]ICA1 & WE PROPOS$ ?AT WE %\LD COME TO SOME K9D ( AGREEM5T ) ,FRANCE REG>D+ ?IS PROJECT1 & ) ! ,PAN-,ISLAMIC ,COMMITTEE 9 ,G5EVA1 ) ! HI< LEVEL ,ZIONI/ LEAD]S 9 ,LONDON & ,P>IS1 ) ! ,MOROCCAN ,JEWI% ELEM5TS1 ) ! MA9 RELIGI\S BRO!RHOODS & ) PRE/IGI\S LOCAL FIGURES4 ,WE CALL$ ATT5TION TO ! ADVISABILITY ( E/ABLI%+ GR\PS ( SKILL$ AG5TS1 KN[L$GABLE 9 ,>AB CULTURE1 9 ,UAZZAN1 ,FEZ1 ,TAZZA & ,UXDA1 = ! ,NOR?1 & 9 ,M>RAKE%1 ,AGADIR & ,SAN ,LUIS 9 ,S5EGAL = ! ,S\?1 :OSE MISSION W\LD BE TO3 #a7 GA!R 9TELLIG5CE2 #b7 SPREAD SUITABLE NEWS & RUMORS AMONG ! TRIBES2 #c7 WORK TO ATTRACT 9FLU5TIAL P]SONS TO \R CAUSE2 #d7 OB/RUCT ! RECRUITM5T & ! TRA9+ ( NATIVE UNITS2 #e7 BOMB+S & SABOTAGE2 #f7 SMUGGLE & DI/RIBUTE >MS2 #g7 />T A REVOLT 9 ! C\NTRY & ATTACK 5EMY ORGANIZATIONS & MILIT>Y CAMPS4 ,! DI/RIBUTION ( MONEY1 WEAPONS & AMMUNITION WAS ! MO/ ADEQUATE MEANS TO A*IEVE \R 5DS4 ,\R PROPOSAL COMB9$ !SE ACTIVITIES 9 REBEL T]RITORY & 9 ,MOROCCO ) AN 9EXP5SIVE CAMPAIGN ON ! P>T ( \R >MY ?AT WAS GU>ANTE$ TO SUCCE$4 ,WE RECOGNIZ$ ?AT WE DID NOT POSSESS ! MEANS OR ! MANP[] = (F5SIVES LIKE ! ONE :OSE PURPOSE WAS TO RECOV] ! REGIONS ( ,L]IDA1 ,G&ESA OR ,V9>OZ1 OR TO CUT ! L9E ( COMMUNICATIONS BETWE5 ,T]UEL & ,GUADALAJ>A1 TO /RAIROYA TO BE AN OBJECTIVE ( EXTRAORD9>Y IMPORTANCE ( EV]Y K9D1 :OSE POSSESSION W\LD ALL[ US TO ?REAT5 ,CORDOBA FROM V]Y CLOSE POSITIONS & TO MAKE COMMUNICATIONS BETWE5 ?AT PROV9CE & ,E/REMADURA EXTREMELY DIFFICULT4 ,! SITUATION ( ! TROOPS ?AT ! 5EMY HAS BE5 =C$ TO /ATION 9 ?IS REGION IS QUITE UNFAVORABLE TACTICALLY DUE TO ! POSITIONS !Y OCCUPY & DUE TO ! EASE ) :I* !Y CAN BE ISOLAT$1 ) A RIV] BEH9D !M 7! ,GUADIATO71 & SQUEEZ$ 9TO ITS VALLEY4444 ,/RATEGICALLY SPEAK+1 ! 5EMY OCCUPIES ! NOR!RN WALL ( A V]ITABLE DEAD 5D1 =M$ BY ! ,GUADIATO1 :I* FL[S BEH9D !IR POSITIONS FROM ,NOR?WE/ TO ,S\!A/1 FROM ! SWAMPS ( ,CALD]9 PASS+ ?R\< ! ,SI]RA DE ,*IMORRA1 ,SORDO1 ,ALCORNOCOSILLA1 ,CABEZA ,MESADA & POSITIONS FAC+ ,H9OJOSA4 ,! NOR!RN WALL ( ! DEAD 5D ONLY (F]S POSSIBILITIES ( COMMUNICATIONS AS F> AS ,VILLAVICIOSA4 ,! RE/ ( ! REGION IS COMPLETELY IMPASSABLE = RETREAT OR = SUPPLY+ ! REBEL =CES1 :I* NECESS>ILY HAVE TO RELY ON ! ,CORDOBA-,VILLAH>TA-,BELMEZ & ,P5>ROYA HIMY 9TO TWO1 OR 5CIRCL+ IT1 9 ?IS CASE IT IS REASONABLY CLE> ?AT AMONG ! NUM]\S ASPECTS & NUANCES ) :I* ! MILIT>Y >T ADORNS !M1 FAC$ ) SU* A /RATEGIC SITUATION1 ONLY 5CIRCLEM5T CAN BE APPLI$4444 ,\R REPORT !N PROVIDES FUR!R DETAILS CONC]N+ ?IS PROPOS$ CAMPAIGN1 & ! REQUIREM5TS = ITS SUCCESSFUL IMPLEM5TATION4.<#c#i.> ,WE MU/ PO9T \T ) RESPECT TO ?IS MATT] ?AT 9 \R PROPOSALS ( ACTIONS TO BE TAK5 WE DID NOT EXPECT \R SUGGE/IONS TO BE FOLL[$ TO ! LETT]1 BUT WE ONLY S\ BEH9D 5EMY L9ES1 COMB9$ ) ACTION 9 NOR!RN & S\!RN ,MOROCCO1 & ) A MILIT>Y CAMPAIGN ( ! K9D WE PROPOS$1 ALONG ) AN EFFECTIVE CAMPAIGN ( PROPAG&A1 9TELLIG5CE & SABOTAGE 9 ! 5EMY ZONE4 ,N[ WE %ALL SUMM>IZE :AT A S5SIBLE MILIT>Y POLICY W\LD HAVE LOOK$ LIKE4 ,MILIT>Y POLICY MU/ BE ( A SOLELY TE*NICAL NATURE1 E/ABLI%+ A UNITY ( ACTION & ( ! WILL TO A*IEVE ! GREATE/ EFFICI5CY 9 ! USE & COORD9ATION ( NAVAL1 AIR & GR\ND =CES4 ,SPECIFICALLY1 ?IS POLICY MU/ 9VOLVE ! USE ( ! MILIT>Y =CES1 ! *OICE ( !AT]S ( OP]ATION1 ! DI/RIBUTION ( =CES & MANP[] AMONG !M & A MILIT>Y SY/EM TO BE EMPLOY$ 9 EA* CASE1 )\T ANY 9T]F]5CE AT ALL1 JU/ AS SU* 9T]F]5CE IS NOT ALL[$ 9 SCI5TIFIC RESE>* OR TE*NOLOGICAL RESE>* & DEVELOPM5T1 ( ! IDEOLOGIES & POLICIES ( P>TIES1 OR ( ! ASPIRATIONS ( P>TICUL> CLASSES4 ,& AMONG ! PRACTICAL MEASURES WE PROPOS$ C]TA9 MEASURES ?AT W]E 9DISP5SABLE = ! IMPLEM5TATION ( \R CRITICAL SUGGE/IONS1 9CLUD+ ! R$UCTION TO ! ABSOLUTELY NECESS>Y M9IMUM ( ! =CES ( PUBLIC ORD] & ( ! ,M9I/RY ( ,F9ANCE1 ! ,TREASURY ,POLICE .<,CU]PO ,UNICO.> & ! C>AB9]OS1 SO ?AT ! ,M9I/RY ( ,W> W\LD HAVE AU?ORITY OV] ALL ! MEMB]S ( !SE UNITS ?AT >E 9CORPORAT$ 9TO ! MOBILIZ$ CONSCRIPTION CATEGORIES4 ,! O!R >M$ BODIES ?AT S]VE AS POLICEM51 PRISON GU>DS1 LABOR CAMP GU>DS1 TRAFFIC POLICE1 ETC41 W\LD ALSO BE SUBJECT TO HAV+ SOME ( !IR >M$ P]SONNEL MOBILIZ$ = ACTIVE S]VICE AT ! FRONT4 ,WE ALSO CALL$ ATT5TION TO ! NE$ = A 0POLICY ( P]SONAL & COLLECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY = ?OSE :O P>TICIPATE 9 PUBLIC LIFE AS CIVIL S]VANTS OR AS REPRES5TATIVES ( P>TIES & TRADE UNIONS04 ,WE DID NOT 9 ANY WAY SEEK TO DIM9I% ! SCOPE ( ! SACRIFICES1 PRIVATIONS & AU/]ITIES IMPOS$ BY ! W>2 BUT WE DID OPPOSE AN ABSURD POLICY ?AT WAS 9SPIR$ MU* MORE BY ! IDIOTIC AMBITIONS ( P>TISAN DOM9ANCE ?AN BY ! GOAL ( W9N+ ! W>4 ,WE 5D$ \R TEXT ) ! FOLL[+ WORDS3 ,MORE ?AN TWO YE>S ( EXP]I5CE >E MORE ?AN 5\< TO 5ABLE US TO DET]M9E :I* ROAD LEADS TO MILIT>Y DEFEAT4 ,WE HAVE TRI$ TO %[ :I* ONE ?IS IS4 ,& WE HAVE PROPOS$ ! NE$$ CORRECTIONS4 ,5EMIES ( P>TISAN POLITICS ) RESPECT TO !SE QUE/IONS1 & ABOVE ALL :5 \R EXI/5CE AS AN 9DEP5D5T NATION IS AT /AKE1 WE WANT NO?+1 WE >E NOT ASK+ = ANY?+1 ?AT CANNOT BE ADVOCAT$ BY ALL ! POLITICAL & TRADE UNION =CES4 ,WE ROSE UP 9 ,JULY #aicf TO TAKE ! FIR/ /EPS TO PREV5T ! E/ABLI%M5T ( A DICTATOR%IP4 ,WE /ILL ?9K ?AT DICTATOR%IP CANNOT BE AN 9/RUM5T ( PROGRESS & PROSP]ITY = ,SPA91 & WE ALSO ?9K ?AT IT CANNOT BR+ US VICTORY 9 ! W>4 ,WE >E PROPOS+ A DEMOCRATIZATION ( PUBLIC P[] TO ! EXCLUSION ( ALL P>TISAN HEGEMONY4 ,WE >E PROPOS+ ?AT LOYAL ,SPANI>DS DO NOT R5\NCE ! LEAD+ ROLE 9 CONDUCT+ ! W> OR COMM&+ ! =CES ?AT >E FIIZE ! POSITION ( ! ,IB]IAN ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION 9 ! ,SPANI% TRAG$Y4 ,IT SEEMS 9CR$IBLE ?AT WE /OOD 5TIRELY ALONE 9 TAK+ A POSITION ?AT WAS BY NO MEANS EXTREMI/1 BUT :I* RA!R1 TO ! CONTR>Y1 P]HAPS ]R$ BY BE+ TOO MOD]ATE4 ,WE ASK$ = NO?+ = \RSELVES4 ,WE ONLY WANT$ TO W9 ! W>1 TO SEE ! CAUSE ( ! ,SPANI% PEOPLE MORE FULLY UND]/OOD & MORE EFFECTIVELY DEF5D$4 ,IF1 ON AN 9DIVIDUAL LEVEL1 FACE TO FACE1 WE W]E TOLD ?AT WE W]E RITIES & ORGANIZATIONS1 !Y TURN$ !IR BACKS ON US & JO9$ =CES ) ! /RATEGI/S ( DEFEAT4 ,FE>8 ,COMPLICITY8 ,LET EA* ( !M CL>IFY ! MOTIVES ?AT L$ !M TO UNCONDITIONALLY SUPPORT A FIGURE LIKE ,DR4 ,NEGR91 A MAN )\T ANY QUALIFICATIONS & )\T ANY EXP]I5CE1 VIEW$ BY ! PEOPLE AS A M]E TOOL ( ! =EIGN POLICY ( A SUPPOS$LY FRI5DLY P[]1 BUT 9 FACT ! GRAV$IGG] ( ! ,SPANI% W> & REVOLUTION4 ,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,JANU>Y #d1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #aa -- ,ADD$4 ,JANU>Y #a#f1 #bbb 3 ,*APT] #aa -- ,UPDAT$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/