,*APT] #a 
,! ,POLITICAL ,DECOMPOSITION ( ! ,REPUBLIC--,F9ANCIAL ,IRRESPONSIBILITY--,! ,FIGURE ( ,NEGR9 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,DIEGO ,ABAD ,DE ,SANTILLAN 

,TEXT 3 

,! POLITICAL DECOMPOSITION ( ! ,REPUBLIC--,F9ANCIAL IRRESPONSIBILITY--,! FIGURE ( ,NEGR9 

  

,ONCE ! ,PRIETO-,NEGR9 ,GOV]NM5T WAS =M$1 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! PLANS ( ! ,RUSSIAN 0TRADE0 DELEGATE1 ,/A*EVSKY1 AFT] ! FAM\S CRISIS ( ,MAY #a#i#c#g1 :5 ,MOSC['S POLICY BR\<T AB\T ! FALL ( ,L>GO ,CABALL]O BY PREV5T+ HIM FROM WAG+ HIS PLANN$ (F5SIVE TO CUT ! REBEL ZONE 9 TWO P>TS1 & AFT] PROVOK+ ! BLOODY EV5TS 9 ,B>CELONA--:OSE REAL SIGNIFICANCE WE W]E UNABLE TO P]CEIVE AT ?AT TIME1 JU/ AS WE W]E CAPABLE ( TAK+ ADVANTAGE ( ! 5SU+ SITUATION TO PUT ! W> & ! REVOLUTION BACK ON !IR REAL POPUL> F\NDATIONS--AT ?AT TIME1 WE REPEAT1 WE W]E NOT 5TIRELY ALONE 9 \R OPPOSITION ?AT WE DEEM$ VITAL = ! 9T]E/S ( ! ,SPANI% PEOPLE4 

,! ,C,N,T MA9TA9$ ITS OP5 & CLE> OPPOSITION1 REFUS+ TO COLLABORATE 9 ! NEW GOV]NM5T4 

,! *>ACT] ( ,9DALECIO ,PRIETO WAS WELL KN[N1 = HE WAS MORE ( AN 5EMY ( ! REVOLUTION & ( SOCIALISM ?AN HE WAS AN 5EMY ( ! MILIT>Y REVOLT1 & HE WAS MORE 9SPIR$ BY HIS P]SONAL GRUDGES ?AN BY ! 5DANG]$ 9T]E/S ( ,SPANI% PROGRESS & JU/ICE2 & WE HAVE ALREADY DISCUSS$ ! PLANS & ! FRIVOL\S PSY*OLOGY ( ,DR4 ,NEGR92 & ONCE ! =CES ?AT W]E AT WORK )9 ! GOV]NM5T AGA9/ ! REVOLUTION ?AT BEGAN ON ,JULY #a#i1 #aicf W]E REVEAL$ 9 ,MAY #a#i#c#g1 ! ,C,N,T DID ! RI<T ?+ NOT TO YIELD )\T GU>ANTEES4 ,& 9 ?IS POSITION IT WAS 5?USIA/ICALLY JO9$ BY ! ,F,A,I4 ,! ,CONF$]ATION REPRES5T$ ! MO/ P[]FUL & MO/ 9DEP5D5T ORGANIZ$ WORK+ CLASS =CE 9 ,SPA91 IT WAS ! POLE ( PROGRESS1 ( ! EMANCIPATION ( LABOR1 ! PRODUCT ( ! H>D WORK & SACRIFICES ( SEV]AL G5]ATIONS ( H]OIC & UNSELFI% COMBATANTS4 ,BY PRES]V+ ITS [N ID5TITY IT KEPT A GREAT HOPE ALIVE1 BUT IF IT W]E TO JO9 A GOV]NM5T LIKE ! ,PRIETO-,NEGR9 GOV]NM5T1 COMPLETELY BEHOLD5 TO ,RUSSIAN DIPLOMACY & IMPLICAT$ 9 ! MO/ SC&AL\S AFFAIRS1 IT W\LD H>DLY BE ABLE TO AVOID LOS+ ?AT ID5TITY4 

,?IS VIEWPO9T1 :I* ! ,C,N,T ORIG9ALLY MA9TA9$ ) SU* F]VOR1 W\LD NONE!LESS P]SI/ = MANY MON?S4 ,AS ! DISA/]S AT ! ,FRONT MULTIPLI$1 EV]Y ONE ( :I* %\LD HAVE RESULT$ 9 A FIR+ SQUAD = ! POLITICAL & MILIT>Y LEAD]S :O W]E RESPONSIBLE = !M--! ,BRUNETE CAMPAIGN1 ! LOSS ( NOR!RN ,SPA91 ! COLLAPSE ( ! ,>AGON ,FRONT--\R ISOLATION 9CREAS$4 ,ON ! OCCASION ( ! FALL ( ,>AGON1 :I* DID NOT LEAD DIRECTLY TO ! 5D ( ! W> BECAUSE ! PEOPLE W]E /ILL READY TO SACRIFICE EV]Y?+ YET W]E /ILL 9CAPABLE ( FREE+ !MSELVES FROM !IR ACCURS$ ,GOV]NM5T1 ! ,F,A,I M>%AL$ ALL ! OPPOSITION IT C\LD 9 MEET+S ) ,NEGR9 & ) ! P>TIES4 ,?IS OPPOSITION WAS QUELL$ BY ! EXPANSION ( ! SO-CALL$ ,POPUL> ,FRONT1 & %ORTLY AFT] BY ! H&-\T ( A ,M9I/RY ?AT WAS GIV5 TO ! ,C,N,T1 ) :I* \R DISCORDANT VOICE WAS SIL5C$1 & ! POSSIBILITIES = EFFECTIVE JO9T ACTION ON ! P>T ( ! :OLE LIB]T>IAN MOVEM5T W]E %ATT]$ = A V]Y LONG TIME TO COME4 

,! G5]ALS W]E GIV5 PROMOTIONS ) EA* NEW DEFEAT ?AT TOOK PLACE ON !IR WAT*1 & ! POLITICIANS :O W]E RESPONSIBLE = !SE DISA/]S CONSOLIDAT$ !IR POSITIONS4 ,P>TIES & ORGANIZATIONS COMPET$ ) EA* O!R TO SEE :O C\LD HEAP MORE PRAISE ON ! H]OES ( !SE MILIT>Y FIASCOS1 :O C\LD BE MORE S]VILE1 & :O C\LD BE MORE OBLIG+4 

,PRIETO RESIGN$ FROM ! ,GOV]NM5T AFT] ! COLLAPSE ( ! ,>AGON ,FRONT1 :]E WE CLE>LY BEHELD ! ME?ODS ?AT L$ TO VICTORY 444 ! VICTORY ( ,FRANCO4 ,PRIETO'S SOLE ?\<T WAS ( OBTA9+ SOME AMBASSADORIAL POSITION1 SOME SPECIAL MISSION 9 ,AM]ICA1 F> FROM ! CONFLICT4 ,HE WAS !RE=E ABLE TO F9D HIMSELF AT ! FATEFUL MOM5T ( DEFEAT1 :I* HE HAD DONE SO MU* TO BR+ AB\T1 AT A GREAT DI/ANCE FROM ! !AT] ( EV5TS4 

,ALL CRITICISM & ALL HONE/ REPORT+ CEAS$4 ,! MO/ 9SIGNIFICANT OBJECTION WAS LABEL$ AS DEFEATISM4 ,! PRESS1 ! RADIO1 ! V>I\S POLICE =CES1 ! JUDICI>Y1 EV]Y?+ WAS DEVOT$ TO BOL/]+ ! AU?ORITY ( ! GOV]NM5T4 ,& :AT C\LD NOT BE A*IEV$ BY P]SUASION WAS OBTA9$ ) T]RORISM1 HORRIBLE P]SECUTIONS & LIQUIDATIONS1 :5 ! VICTIMS W]E NOT AM5ABLE TO ! TEMPTATIONS ( BRIB]Y & CORRUPTION4 ,! REPUBLICAN LEGISLATURE & ! P>TIES & ORGANIZATIONS W]E DOME/ICAT$ ) A UNANIMITY ?AT WAS BO? SURPRIS+ & UNIQUE 9 \R HI/ORY4 ,& ! FEW 9DIVIDUALS :O C\LD NOT BE B\<T W]E QU>ANT9$ LIKE MAD DOGS4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 V]Y FEW SOCIALI/1 AN>*I/ & REPUBLICAN MILITANTS W]E TO BE F\ND AMONG !SE EXCEPTIONAL CASES4 ,WE >E REF]R+ TO WELL-KN[N P]SONALITIES1 NOT TO ! GREAT MASS ( ! ,SPANI% PEOPLE1 ! MASSES :OSE ONLY S9 WAS TO HAVE TOO MU* FAI? 9 !IR LEAD]S4 

,! W> C\LD NOT BE BR\<T TO A VICTORI\S CONCLUSION ) ! PROC$URES ?AT W]E !N BE+ EMPLOY$ ON ! MILIT>Y T]RA9 BY ! ,REPUBLIC'S ,HI< ,COMM&1 ) ! LEAD]%IP BE/[$ ON ! >MY1 & ) ! DET]IORAT+ MORALE ( ! CIVILIAN POPULATION BEH9D ! L9ES4 ,FUR!RMORE1 A MOVEM5T ?AT HAD >IS5 AS A GREAT WAVE ( POPUL> PASSION1 BAS$ ON SPONTANE\S ACTS ( ECONOMIC & SOCIAL TRANS=MATION1 WAS BE+ SY/EMATICALLY /RANGL$ BY ! ,GOV]NM5T1 ) ! APPROVAL1 ! SIL5CE1 OR ! ACQUIESC5CE ( ALL ! SO-CALL$ ANTI-FASCI/ SECTORS4 ,WE W]E ! ONLY ONES TO OPPOSE ,NEGR9'S ,?IRTE5 ,PO9TS1 WIDELY ACCLAIM$ AS ! SYN!SIS ( ALL ! ASPIRATIONS ( ,SPA94 

,WE PROCLAIM$ BY EV]Y MEANS AT \R DISPOSAL1 & !SE MEANS W]E NOT ABUNDANT1 BECAUSE WE C\LD NOT C\NT ON ! PRESS1 DUE TO BO? ! (FICIAL C5SOR%IP AS WELL AS ! DEP?S TO :I* IT HAD DESC5D$1 ?AT IF WE HAD TO RETURN TO ! CONDITIONS ?AT PREVAIL$ BE=E ,JULY #a#i1 OR EV5 TO WORSE CONDITIONS1 BECAUSE ! ALLEG$ GOV]NM5T ( ! ANTI-FASCI/S HAD =C$ US TO DULY ACKN[L$GE ! EXTREMELY LIB]AL SIGNIFICANCE ( A ,PRIMO DE ,RIV]A2 IF ! 5D ( ! W> HAD TO BE \R DE/RUCTION1 ?AT IS1 ! DE/RUCTION ( ! ASPIRATIONS ?AT HAD GIV5 RISE TO ! W>1 ! VICTORY ( ,NEGR9 HAD TO BE COMP>$ TO ! VICTORY ( ,FRANCO FROM ! PO9T ( VIEW ( ! AU!NTIC 9T]E/S ( ,SPA91 ( ! ,SPANI% WORK]S4 ,! WORKS ?AT W]E REPR9T$ OR FIR/ PUBLI%$ BY \R PUBLI%+ H\SE1 & WIDELY DI/RIBUT$ 9 PR9T RUNS ( #e1 COPIES ?AT W]E IMM$IATELY SOLD \T1 EXPLA9$ ,RUSSIAN AFFAIRS1 ! ,RUSSIAN MY?1 ! ,RUSSIAN & ,ITALIAN & ,G]MAN ME?ODS1 & PO9T$ TO ! SIMIL>ITY & ! CLOSE P>ALLELS BETWE5 A FASCI/ ,SPA9 & A COMMUNI/ ,SPA9 ( ! ,MOSC[ TYPE4 

,9 !SE A PO/]IORI CONSID]ATIONS WE HAVE SAID NO?+ ?AT WE HAVE NOT ALREADY SAID1 WRITT5 OR EXPRESS$ 9 ONE WAY OR ANO!R DUR+ ! W> ITSELF4 ,WE !RE=E FEEL ?AT WE HAVE EV]Y RI<T TO SAY 9 EXILE :AT WE SAID BE=E \R EXILE1 9 ! MID/ ( ! EMPIRE ( NEGR9I/A EUPHORIA1 )\T EV] SUCCE$+1 UN=TUNATELY = SO MANY HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( ,SPANI>DS :O W]E DECEIV$ & BETRAY$1 9 GETT+ ANYONE TO LI/5 TO US OR TO APPLY ! REM$IES WE RECOMM$$4 

,! ,NEGR9 GOV]NM5T & ITS MOTLEY TEAM ?\<T ?AT ! C\NT]REVOLUTION C\LD FACILITATE VICTORY 9 ! W> AGA9/ FASCISM4 ,IT !RE=E ALI5AT$ ! PEOPLE ( ! FACTORIES & ! FIELDS FROM !IR VITAL 9T]E/ 9 ! W>1 :5 WE MA9TA9$ EXACTLY ! CONTR>Y1 ?AT ! W> AGA9/ FASCISM1 DEPRIV$ ( ITS SOCIAL CONT5T1 WAS C]TA9LY DOOM$ TO 5D 9 DEFEAT4 

,WE DID NOT CONF] ANY ABSOLUTE VALUE ON LAWS & DECREES AS CRIT]IA = JUDG+ REALITY4 ,! HI/ORY ( A C\NTRY ?AT IS WRITT5 BAS$ ON ITS LEGISLATION W\LD UND\BT$LY BE A V]Y 9COMPLETE HI/ORY4 ,H[EV]1 JU/ AS ! ,G5]ALITAT ( ,CATALONIA WAS =C$ TO LEGALLY RECOGNIZE & *ANNEL ! NEW ECONOMIC REALITY1 AL?\< IT LAT] AVAIL$ ITSELF ( ?IS SAME LEGALITY TO DO ITS P>T ON BEHALF ( ! C\NT]REVOLUTION1 ! ,GOV]NM5T ( ! ,REPUBLIC REMA9$ ABSOLUTELY UNWILL+ TO RECOGNIZE ! LEGITIMACY ( ANY?+ ?AT WAS NOT 9 CON=MANCE ) ! LAWS ?AT W]E ON ! BOOKS BE=E ,JULY #a#i1 AS IF TO SAY ?AT NO?+ HAD HAPP5$ S9CE !N4 

,H]E >E SOME FRAGM5TS ( A LETT] FROM ! ,G5]AL ,DIRECTORATE ( ,9DU/RY ( ! ,M9I/RY ( ,F9ANCE1 RESPOND+ TO SOME CL>IFICATIONS WE HAD REQUE/$3  
  

,ONLY ! ,GOV]NM5T HAS ! AU?ORITY TO C>RY \T CONFISCATIONS2 !RE=E1 ALL ! EXPROPRIATIONS C>RI$ \T )\T ITS PREVI\S AGREEM5T >E R5D]$ NULL & VOID1 & ! 9DU/RIES MU/ BE RETURN$ TO !IR =M] [N]S1 EXCEPT 9 CASES :]E !SE =M] [N]S >E REBELS1 9 :I* CASE !Y >E TO BE TAK5 OV] BY ! ,DEP>TM5T ( ,REP>ATIONS 7,DECREES ( ,M>* #a#g1 #a#i#c#h74  

,ALL TRANSF]S ( PROP]TY FROM ONE ,SPANI% CITIZ5 TO ANO!R >E PROHIBIT$1 AS !Y REQUIRE1 9 ORD] TO BE VALID1 ! AU?ORIZATION ( ! ,M9I/RY ( ,F9ANCE 7,DECREE ( ,AUGU/ #a#d1 #a#i#c#f74 ,!RE=E1 NO (FICIAL 9/ITUTION MAY RECOGNIZE ! VALIDITY ( COMM]CIAL AGREEM5TS1 LEGAL NOTICES1 CONTRACTS ( PUR*ASE & SALE OR GRANTS1 ETC41 REF]R+ TO GOODS [N$ BY ,SPANI>DS1 IF !Y >E NOT ACCOMPANI$ BY ! CORRESPOND+ ,M9I/]IAL AU?ORIZATION4  

,! FIR/ ACT ( ANY 9DU/RIAL 9T]V5TION1 IS TO CITE ! LEGITIMATE [N] ( ! 5T]PRISE4 ,IF ! LATT] OR HIS LEGAL REPRES5TATIVE PRES5TS HIMSELF1 ! ,COMPTROLL] ( ,M9ES1 ,9DU/RY1 ,COMM]CE1 ,AGRICULTURE1 ,FOOD ,PRODUCTION & ,DI/RIBUTION1 ETC41 HAS NO O!R REC\RSE ?AN TO RECOGNIZE HIS RI<TS ( [N]%IP4444 

444 9 NO CASE1 UP UNTIL N[1 HAS ANY DOCUM5T OR ANY [N]%IP CLAIM ?AT DIV]GES FROM ! /ATUS ( ! PROP]TY OR DOCUM5TATION 9 QUE/ION BE=E ,JULY #aicf BE5 RECOGNIZ$ AS VALID4 ,IF ! PROP]TY OR DOCUM5TATION 9 QUE/ION IS [N$ BY A REBEL1 IT BECOMES ! PROP]TY ( ! ,DEP>TM5T ( ,REP>ATIONS4 7,! ,DIRECTOR ,G5]AL ( ,9DU/RY1 ,B>CELONA1 ,OCTOB] #b#f1 #a#i#c#h7  
  
  

,IT IS 9COMPREH5SIBLE ?AT1 DESPITE SU* 9DISPUTABLE EVID5CE1 ! P>TIES & ORGANIZATIONS ?AT >OSE FROM ! /RUGGLE = A SOCIAL & ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION LIKE ! ONE ?AT BEGAN TO DEVELOP ) ! CRU%+ ( ! MILIT>Y REVOLT 9 ,CATALONIA1 ,LEVANTE & 9 ! ,C5T]1 HAD NO OBJECTIONS 9 SUPPORT+ A GOV]NM5T ?AT DID NOT RECOGNIZE ANY ( ! PROLET>IAN CONQUE/S & ?AT REFUS$ TO CONSID] ?AT ,JULY #ai HAD OP5$ A NEW *APT] 9 ! HI/ORY ( ,SPA94 ,NOR W]E ANY PLAUSIBLE EXPLANATIONS =?COM+ = !IR COMPLETE AMNESIA CONC]N+ !IR FUNDAM5TAL GOALS ON ! P>T ( \R [N ORGANIZATIONS1 :I* ALSO APPE>$ TO BE YOK$ TO ! *>IOT ( ,DR4 ,NEGR91 ! ,CES> ( ! ,SECOND ,REPUBLIC4 

,9 A DRAFT REPORT ( ! ,P59SUL> ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,F,A,I1 >GU+ ?AT IT WAS ( IMP]ATIVE IMPORTANCE ?AT A ,NATIONAL ,PL5UM ( ! ,REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS ( ! LIB]T>IAN MOVEM5T MU/ BE CONVOK$1 WE SAID 7,B>CELONA1 ,AUGU/ #d1 #a#i#c#h73  
  

,WE HAVE SPOK5 \T1 & WE HAD ! RI<T--& ! DUTY--TO DO SO1 AGA9/ P>TICIPATION 9 ! GOV]NM5T4 ,WE >E LIV+ 9 EXTRAORD9>Y TIMES & WE CANNOT ALWAYS APPLY ! FRAME ( REF]5CE ( NORMAL P]IODS TO SU* EXCEPTIONALLY TRAGIC TIMES AS !SE4 ,BUT !RE >E DIFF]5T WAYS TO P>TICIPATE 9 A GOV]NM5T3 

,TO AFFIRM A POLICY1 AN EXI/+ SOCIAL ID5TITY2 

,TO BECOME ACCOMPLICES ( ! POLICIES ( O!RS4 

,AT ! PRES5T TIME WE MU/ EXAM9E SOME PO9TS RELAT+ TO \R GOV]NM5TAL P>TICIPATION3  

,HAS \R P>TICIPATION 9 ! ,GOV]NM5T L$ TO ANY K9D ( *ANGE ( DIRECTION & ( ME?ODS ) RESPECT TO ! MILIT>Y1 ECONOMIC1 OR DIPLOMATIC DOMA9S1 & 9 EV]Y ASPECT ?AT IS ESS5TIAL = ! SUCCESSFUL PROSECUTION ( ! W>8  

,%\LD WE MEASURE ! USEFULNESS ( \R P>TICIPATION 9 ! ,GOV]NM5T BY ! CRIT]ION ( ! NEW PAID POSITIONS ?IS P>TICIPATION BR+S ) IT1 OR %\LD WE APPLY A SOCIAL CRIT]ION1 & PAY HE$ TO ! VIEWS ( ?OSE :O WORK = A LIV+ & ?OSE :O >E DO+ ! FI<T+8  
  

,WE MA9TA9 ?AT !RE HAS BE5 NO *ANGE ( DIRECTION OR ( ME?ODS 9 ! MILIT>Y POLICY ( ! ,NEGR9 ,GOV]NM5T S9CE WE BECAME IMPLICAT$ 9 ITS MANAGEM5T1 & WE SAY ?AT IT IS ?OSE :O LABOR & ?OSE :O >E S]V+ AT ! FRONT :O %\LD TELL US JU/ H[ USEFUL ! ,C,N,T'S P>TICIPATION 9 GOV]NM5T P[] HAS BE5 = !M4 ,! NUM]\S ANTI-FASCI/ PRISON]S WILL TELL Y\ :E!R !Y >E HAPPI] TODAY ?AN !Y W]E BE=E1 :5 WE W]E NOT 9 ! ,GOV]NM5T4 ,& ! ?\S&S ( COMRADES 5ROLL$ 9 ! ,>MY WILL TELL Y\ :E!R !Y HAVE B5EFIT$ FROM ! PRES5CE ( ! ,C,N,T 9 ! ,GOV]NM5T4 ,! AGR>IAN ,COLLECTIVES & ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS WILL TELL Y\ :E!R !IR MANAG]IAL PR]OGATIVES HAVE BE5 9CREAS$4444  
  

,9 ?IS SAME REPORT WE ALSO DECL>$ ?AT 0,DR4 ,NEGR9'S POLICY IS NOT ! POLICY ( VICTORY 444 ! ,NEGR9 ,GOV]NM5T IS NOT ! ,GOV]NM5T ?AT ! W> REQUIRES44440 

,AS A QUID PRO QUO = ! P>TICIPATION ( ! LIB]T>IAN MOVEM5T 9 ! ,GOV]NM5T1 WE DEM&$ ! FOLL[+ CONDITIONS3 

,EQUITABLE DI/RIBUTION ( FOOD & O!R NECESSITIES1 CONTROL OV] F9ANCIAL OP]ATIONS1 ACC\NTABILITY ( PUR*AS+ AG5TS & !IR REPRES5TATIVES1 SUPPRESSION ( ! MONOPOLI/ POLICY ( A C]TA9 P>TY 9 ! MILIT>Y & POLITICAL DOMA9S1 A *ANGE 9 ! ORI5TATION ( ! C\NTRY'S =EIGN POLICY SO ?AT IT IS 9 ACCORD ) ! NE$S & 9T]E/S ( ! PEOPLE ( ,SPA91 ETC4 ,WE ALSO DEM&$ ! COMPLETE CESSATION ( ! ONE-MAN1 ABSOLUTI/ RULE ?AT *>ACT]IZ$ ! ,NEGR9 GOV]NM5T1 :]E ! BOSS EI!R DID :AT HE WANT$1 OR LET O!R PEOPLE DO :AT !Y WANT$1 OBEY+ ONLY HIS [N SOV]EIGN CAPRICE1 )\T LI/5+ TO ANY REASONS1 )\T GIV+ ANY EXPLANATIONS AB\T ANY?+ IMPORTANT1 NOT EV5 TO HIS [N ,M9I/]S1 MU* LESS TO ! PEOPLE :O RELUCTANTLY 5DUR$ HIS RULE BECAUSE !Y W]E BETRAY$ BY !IR LEAD]S4 

,WE W]E ASK+ ! LEOP>D TO *ANGE HIS SPOTS6 ,9 ,MAY #a#i#c#g1 ! LEAD]S ( ! ,C,N,T HAD *>ACT]IZ$ ! ,NEGR9 ,GOV]NM5T1 9 COMMON ACCORD ) ! 5TIRE LIB]T>IAN MOVEM5T1 AS A 0GOV]NM5T ( ! C\NT]REVOLUTION04 ,A FEW MON?S LAT]1 :5 ! C\NT]REVOLUTION WAS NO LONG] JU/ A T5D5CY BUT A G5]ALIZ$ REALITY1 ONLY A V]Y FEW ( US REMA9$ FAI?FUL TO \R CONVICTIONS4 ,& ,I ONLY M5TION ?IS 9 PASS+ AS AS A POSSIBLE MITIGAT+ FACTOR TO EXCUSE \R FAILURE2 BY ?IS TIME !RE W]E SO FEW PEOPLE ACTIVELY 9VOLV$ 9 ! OPPOSITION ?AT ! GOV]NM5T C\LD ALMO/ TREAT IT AS IF IT DID NOT EXI/4 ,! MASSES ONLY LI/5$ TO ! (FICIAL DIRECTIVES & !Y HAD BE5 SO SKILLFULLY DISCIPL9$ & REGIM5T$ BY !IR RESPONSIBLE LEAD]S ?AT ! LATT] C\LD LIE TO !M ) IMPUNITY4 

,DUR+ ! WORLD W> ( #a#i#a#d-#a#i#a#h WE WITNESS$ ! D[NFALL ( WORK+ CLASS 9T]NATIONALISM1 ! ABSOLUTE SURR5D] ( ! MAJOR WORK+ CLASS P>TIES & TRADE UNIONS TO !IR RESPECTIVE GOV]NM5TS & TO ! 9T]E/S ( ?OSE GOV]NM5TS 9 ! CAPITALI/ & IMP]IALI/ W>4 

,! ,RUSSIAN ,BOL%EVIKS SKILLFULLY CAPITALIZ$ ON ?IS DEFEAT & E/ABLI%$ AN IRON DICTATOR%IP 9 ! =M] ,EMPIRE ( ! ,CZ>S4 ,WE BELIEV$ ?AT \R ORGANIZATIONS1 9SPIR$ BY O!R IDEALS & O!R TACTICS1 W\LD NEV] FALL PREY TO SU* A DEVIATION4 ,!IR TRADITIONAL ME?ODS ( /RUGGLE & ! HI<] MORAL /&>DS & REVOLUTION>Y FAI? ( !IR MILITANTS CREATE A B>RI] TO ANY DEG5]ATION ( ?IS K9D4 ,IT WAS \R MIS=TUNE1 H[EV]1 TO HAVE WITNESS$ ?IS SPECTACLE3 ?AT ( \R BELOV$ ORGANIZATIONS COMPET+ 9 GOV]NM5TAL ZEAL ) ! O!R P>TIES & ORGANIZATIONS1 & WILL+LY CONS5T+ TO S]VE AS M]E PASSIVE TOOLS AT ! DISPOSAL ( ?AT 9COMP>ABLE WOND]-WORK]1 ,DR4 ,NEGR94 

,IT W\LD SEEM TO BE A DECREE ( FATE ?AT ONLY RE/RICT$ M9ORITIES >E CAPABLE ( REMA9+ FAI?FUL TO !IR PR9CIPLES & !IR IDEALS4 ,:5 A SELECT1 SELF-SACRIFIC+1 MILITANT M9ORITY IS TRANS=M$ 9TO A MASS ORGANIZATION ( T5S ( ?\S&S & HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( MEMB]S1 IT NECESS>ILY FALLS 9TO ! H&S ( ITS [N BUREAUCRACY DUE TO ! DEM&S IMPOS$ BY ITS M]E ADM9I/RATION1 & ! BUREAUCRACY GRADUALLY ACTS MORE & MORE 9 ACCORDANCE ) ITS [N EXCLUSIVE 9T]E/1 & IT NO LONG] HAS EV5 ! FA9TE/ RESEMBLANCE TO ! ORGANIZATION'S F\ND]S1 ! *AMPIONS ( ! ORGANIZATION DUR+ ITS E>LY DAYS4 

,IS !RE NO WAY TO ESCAPE ?IS VICI\S CIRCLE8 ,WE SP5T YE>S1 EV5 G5]ATIONS1 TO 9/ILL LIFE 9TO A P[]FUL 9/RUM5T = PROGRESSIVE SOCIAL /RUGGLE4 ,:5 WE ?\<T IT WAS POSSIBLE1 WE R$\BL$ ITS P[] BY WAY ( 5DLESS SACRIFICES1 :5 ! 5EMY DID NOT ?W>T US BY MEANS ( P]SECUTIONS1 BLOOD & T]ROR1 BUT N[ ?IS 9/RUM5T IS 9 ! H&S ( ! BUREAUCRACY ?AT HAD EM]G$ FROM ITS [N RANKS & HAD BECOME ALMO/ AN 5EMY ( ITS =M] IDEALS1 OR AT LEA/ AN OB/ACLE TO ! REALIZATION ( ! V]Y SAME GOALS TO :I* ITS MEMB]S [E !IR V]Y LIVELIHOOD4 

,EXAM9E ! C\RSE ( DEVELOPM5T ( ! MAJOR WORK+ CLASS ORGANIZATIONS ( ANY C\NTRY1 ANY REVOLUTION>Y P>TY OR MOVEM5T1 & Y\ WILL ALWAYS NOTE ! MORAL & IDEOLOGICAL DI/ANCE ?AT SEP>ATES ! F\ND]S FROM ! FUNCTION>IES :O TAKE ADVANTAGE ( ! PREVI\S EF=TS & SACRIFICES ( O!RS4 

,! FACT ?AT WE MU/ ACKN[L$GE \R ISOLATION DUR+ ! REVOLUTION & ! W> 9 ,SPA9 IS NOT SOME?+ WE >E PR\D (2 TO ! CONTR>Y1 IT MAKES US FEEL A PR(\ND S5SE ( P]SONAL TRAG$Y4 ,IF WE UND]E/IMATE ! NUMB] ( PEOPLE :O %>$ \R VIEWS AB\T PUTT+ ! 9T]E/S ( ! ,SPANI% PEOPLE AHEAD ( ! P>TICUL> 9T]E/S ( P>TIES & ORGANIZATIONS &1 MO/ IMPORTANTLY1 ABOVE ?OSE ( A GANG ( UNSCRUPUL\S ADV5TUR]S1 IT IS ONLY TO TRY TO GET ! MAGNIFIC5T ORD9>Y PEOPLE :O COMPOSE ! F\NDATION & ! BASIS ( \R REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T TO COME TO !IR S5SES & AFFIRM1 ON ! BASIS ( ! T]RIBLE EXP]I5CES !Y HAVE 5DUR$1 !IR WILL TO SURVIVE4 

,!RE CAN BE NO D\BT AB\T ! FACT ?AT ONE ( ! FIR/ /EPS ( ?IS AFFIRMATION W\LD BE TO REPUDIATE ! C\RSE ?AT HAD BE5 PASSIVELY FOLL[$1 BECAUSE !Y HAD BE5 DECEIV$1 BY ! MASSES ( ! MEMB]%IP1 & ACTIVELY PURSU$ BY !IR BUREAUCRACY1 :I* HAD REG>DLESS ( !IR 9T5TIONS BECOME ! LACKEYS ( ,=TUNE'S FAVORITE1 ,DR4 ,NEGR94 ,!N Y\ ALSO HAVE TO S]I\SLY RE?9K ! QUE/ION ( :E!R A DEMOCRATIC REGIME ( ADM9I/RATION & PLANN+ = A L>GE COLLECTIVITY IS APPLICABLE TO L>GE WORK+ CLASS ORGANIZATIONS 9 TIMES ( W> AS WELL AS ( PEACE1 OR :E!R ?IS IS M]E SOPHI/RY1 A CONCEPT ?AT IS ILLOGICAL & 9APPLICABLE DUR+ P]IODS ?AT EXP]I5CE A C]TA9 DEGREE ( TURBUL5CE4 ,?IS IS NOT ! PLACE = A DIGRESSION ON !SE MATT]S4 ,IF1 H[EV]1 ! DEMOCRATIC ME*ANISM ( PLANN+ & ADM9I/RATION IS =C$ TO /OP FUNCTION+1 !N !RE IS ALWAYS A RISK ?AT WE C\LD LOSE 9 A FEW YE>S :AT TOOK US DECADES1 ( LABOR1 ( EF=T & /RUGGLE TO A*IEVE :5 WE W]E NOT AT W>4 

,ON ,AUGU/ #a#a1 #a#i#c#h1 ,NEGR9 RESUBMITT$ SOME ( HIS PROPOS$ DECREES = ! APPROVAL ( HIS ,M9I/]S1 DECREES ?AT HAD ALREADY BE5 REJECT$ = V>I\S REASONS4 ,ONE ( !M CONC]N$ ! ,JU/ICE ,SY/EM1 & ANO!R 9VOLV$ ! W> 9DU/RIES4 ,BO? ( !M W]E 9T5D$ TO UND]M9E REGIONAL AUTONOMY1 )\T ANY B5EFITS = ! W>1 & !IR ONLY PURPOSE WAS TO 9CREASE ! AU?ORITY ( ! C5TRAL ,/ATE & TO RE9=CE ! RULE ( ! AG5TS ( ,RUSSIA4 ,TWO ,M9I/]S1 ,JAIME ,AIGUADE & ,MANUEL ,IRUJO1 ! =M] ,CATALONIAN1 ! LATT] ,BASQUE1 SUBMITT$ !IR RESIGNATIONS4 ,PRESID5T ,AZANA MO/ ADAMANTLY REFUS$ TO SIGN ! DECREE CONC]N+ ! ,JU/ICE ,SY/EM4 

,AS SOON AS WE W]E 9=M$ AB\T ! CONT5TS ( !SE DECREES1 WE DRAFT$ ! FOLL[+ /ATEM5T1 & S5T A COPY TO ALL ! POLITICAL SECTORS1 TO ! PRESS & TO ! MEMB]S ( ! ,CAB9ET3  
  

,! POSITION ( ! ,P59SUL> ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,F,A,I ) REG>D TO ! CURR5T POLITICAL SITUATION4 

,! W> = 9DEP5D5CE ?AT WE HAVE BE5 WAG+ = MORE ?AN TWO YE>S AGA9/ ! ALLI$ P[]S ( 9T]NATIONAL FASCISM CANNOT BE US$ AS A REASON OR AN ALIBI = CON/ANT RETREATS ON ! POLITICAL FRONT1 & ?IS IS ALL ! MORE TRUE 9S(> AS ,SPANI% HI/ORY ITSELF %[S US H[1 DUR+ ! MO/ TURBUL5T P]IODS ) REG>D TO BO? DOME/IC & 9T]NATIONAL AFFAIRS1 WE ATTA9$ ! MO/ ADMIRABLE LEVELS ( POLITICAL1 MORAL & 9TELLECTUAL PROGRESS4 ,\R FIR/ W> ( 9DEP5D5CE AGA9/ ! PREVI\SLY 9V9CIBLE >MIES ( ,NAPOLEON FEATUR$ ! AWAK5+ ( ! PEOPLE & ( ! =CES ( PROGRESS TO ! CONSCI\SNESS ( !IR DE/9IES4 ,! 5TIRE #a#i?C5TURY1 ) CIVIL W>S ALMO/ FROM BEG9N+ TO 5D1 ALSO 5TAIL$ ! DE/RUCTION ( ABSOLUTISM & ! CONSOLIDATION ( ! CON/ITUTIONAL SY/EM & ! REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S MOVEM5T4 ,& IT WAS PRECISELY DUR+ ! P]IODS ( ! GREATE/ DOME/IC PEACE :5 ! S9I/] =CES ( REACTION RUL$ 9 ! MO/ >BITR>Y MANN]4 

,?IS W> WAS NO EXCEPTION1 AFT] WE AMAZ$ ! WORLD ) ! CON/RUCTIVE G5IUS ( \R PEOPLE & ) !IR ADMIRABLE & UNIQUE PREP>$NESS TO MAKE EV]Y SACRIFICE AT ! FRONT & BEH9D ! L9ES 9 DEF5SE ( !IR RI<TS & LIB]TIES4 

,AT ! ,CAB9ET MEET+ HELD ON ?AT DAY1 ,AUGU/ #a#a1 #a#i#c#h1 ?REE DECREES W]E APPROV$1 DECREES ?AT W]E V]Y IMPORTANT BECAUSE ( !IR DETRIM5TAL IMPACT ON ! LIB]TIES ( ! PEOPLE1 & BECAUSE !Y CON/ITUTE AN ATTACK AGA9/ DEMOCRATIC 9/ITUTIONS & /RUCTURES CREAT$ BY ! PEOPLE !MSELVES :I* =M$ A M9IMAL DEF5SE AGA9/ C]TA9 ALL-TOO-OBVI\S TR5DS T[>D A P>TY DICTATOR%IP4444  
  

,LAT] 9 ! TEXT WE REF]R$ TO ! CONT5T ( ! DECREES1 OR AT LEA/ AS MU* ( !IR CONT5T AS HAD COME TO \R ATT5TION1 & WE SAID1 ) RESPECT TO ONE ( !M3  
  

,! DECREE AU?ORIZES ! C5TRAL /ATE TO CONFISCATE ALL W> 9DU/RIES1 ) SPECIAL REF]5CE TO ! W> 9DU/RIES ( ,CATALONIA1 :I* W]E ! UNPREC$5T$ & UNP>ALLEL$ CREATIONS ( ! PEOPLE !MSELVES1 & :I* >E L>GELY RESPONSIBLE = ! FACT ?AT \R MILITIAM5 & \R SOLDI]S CAN CONT9UE TO RESI/ ! FASCI/S AT ! FRONT4 ,BESIDES ! FACT ?AT ?IS DECREE MI<T V]Y WELL 5TAIL AN UNJU/IFI$ 9JURY TO LEGITIMATE FEEL+S1 AS WORK]S & AS REVOLUTION>IES WE EMPHASIZE ! FACT ?AT IT CON/ITUTES AN ASSAULT ON C]TA9 9DU/RIES1 9DU/RIES ?AT CAN BE EXHIBIT$ ) PRIDE BY LIB]T>IAN WORK]S1 )\T ANY ASSURANCES ?AT 9 ! NEW ADM9I/RATION !Y W\LD OP]ATE MORE EFFECTIVELY ?AN O!R 9DU/RIES ?AT >E N[ UND] ! CONTROL ( ! ,/ATE1 :I* DO NOT (F] V]Y 5C\RAG+ EXAMPLES4 

,HAV+ EXAM9$ ! SITUATION1 ! ,P59SUL> ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,F,A,I1 ! EXPON5T ( AN IDEA & A MOVEM5T ?AT >E DEEPLY ROOT$ 9 ! HI/ORY ( ,SPA91 AN ORGANIZATION :I*1 )\T ASSUM+ ANY RESPONSIBILITY 9 ! GOV]NM5T1 HAS UP UNTIL N[ PROV5 ?AT IT KN[S H[ TO SACRIFICE :AT CAN BE SACRIFIC$ TO ! SUPREME OBJECTIVE ( W9N+ ! W>1 DECL>ES ?AT3  

,! DECREES APPROV$ BY ! ,CAB9ET ON ,AUGU/ #aa CON/ITUTE AN ATTACK ON ! LIB]TIES & ! RI<TS ( ! ,SPANI% PEOPLE4  

,WE CALL UPON ALL ! P>TIES & ORGANIZATIONS = :OM ! G5]AL 9T]E/ IS MORE IMPORTANT ?AN !IR [N 9DIVIDUAL AMBITIONS1 TO EXPRESS !IR REPUDIATION ( ! POLICY EMBODI$ 9 !SE DECREES4  
  
  

,%ORTLY AFT] ! ANN\NCEM5T ( ! ,CAB9ET CRISIS1 AN AL>M+ NOTICE FROM ! ,MILIT>Y ,9VE/IGATION ,S]VICE .<,S]VICIO DE ,9VE/IGACION ,MILIT>.> WAS S5T TO ! P>TIES & ORGANIZATIONS ( ! ,POPUL> ,FRONT1 W>N+ !M ( AN IMP5D+ REBEL UPRIS+ 9 LOYALI/ ,SPA94 ,WE IMM$IATELY D5\NC$ ?IS CLUMSY POLITICAL SUBT]FUGE1 :I* 9 A DIFF]5T1 MORE DIGNIFI$ 5VIRONM5T W\LD HAVE PRODUC$ AN EFFECT ?AT WAS ! OPPOSITE ( :AT ITS P]PETRATORS W\LD HAVE HOP$ =1 BUT 9 ! PREVAIL+ TE*NICAL 5VIRONM5T ( ! C[>DICE ( P>TIES & ORGANIZATIONS1 IT HAD ! EFFECT ( A P[]FUL S$ATIVE4 

,?IS AL>M+ NOTICE WAS IMM$IATELY FOLL[$ BY AN UNUSUAL DISPLAY ( =CE1 ) >MOR$ ASSAULT VEHICLES BE+ DRIV5 ?R\< ! /REETS ( ,B>CELONA1 ! DEPLOYM5T ( /RONG CONT+5TS ( C>AB9]OS1 AIR =CE PLANES FLY+ OV] ! CITY1 MILIT>Y OCCUPATION ( /REETS & HI<WAYS1 ETC4 ,:ILE !SE ?+S W]E TAK+ PLACE 9 ,B>CELONA1 ! ,PRIME ,M9I/] TOOK ADVANTAGE ( ! SITUATION TO LEAVE = ONE ( HIS NUM]\S VACATIONS 9 =EIGN C\NTRIES4 

,! EF=TS WE UND]TOOK DUR+ ! DAYS ( ! CRISIS TO 9FLU5CE ! SUP]IOR COMMITTEES ( ! LIB]T>IAN MOVEM5T1 :I* HAD 9SI/$ ON HAV+ A P[]LESS ,M9I/] 9 ! ,NEGR9 ,CAB9ET1 A ,M9I/] :O WAS *OS5 BY ,NEGR9 HIMSELF & :O WAS NEI!R CONSULT$ NOR EV5 9=M$ AB\T MATT]S ( VITAL 9T]E/1 >E 9DESCRIBABLE4 

,! AVALAN*E ( REASONS1 REPORTS1 & DATA ?AT WE G5]AT$ 9 AN ATTEMPT TO MAKE !M UND]/& JU/ H[ H>MFUL TO \R 9T]E/S \R COLLABORATION 9 SU* A GOV]NM5T REALLY WAS & JU/ H[ 5TIRELY UNFIT ?AT GOV]NM5T WAS = ! PURPOSE ( BR++ ! W> TO AN HONORABLE CONCLUSION1 %\LD HAVE MADE EV5 ?OSE :O W]E DIS9CL9$ TO ?9K+ REFLECT A LITTLE MORE4 ,WE A*IEV$ NO?+1 H[EV]4 ,WE W]E TOLD RI<T FROM ! />T ?AT1 REG>DLESS ( \R REASONS1 NO *ANGES W\LD BE MADE 9 !IR POSITION4 

,! ,C,N,T1 OR ! O/5SIBLE REPRES5TATIVES ( ! ,C,N,T1 UPHELD !IR COMMITM5T TO !IR ,?IRTE5 ,PO9TS1 DESPITE ALL ! HUMILIATIONS ?AT !Y HAD TO UND]GO EV5 AS ! CRISIS WAS UNFOLD+1 & :ILE ! O!R P>TIES & ORGANIZATIONS W]E P>ALYZ$ ) FE> BY ! REPRESSIVE APP>ATUS MOBILIZ$ TO REPRESS 444 A FICTIONAL REBEL REVOLT 9 LOYALI/ ,SPA94 ,AS ON SO MANY O!R OCCASIONS1 WE /OOD 5TIRELY ALONE4 ,! CRISIS WAS RESOLV$ ) ! 5TRY ( TWO NEW COMMUNI/ OR COMMUNI/ FELL[-TRAVEL] ,M9I/]S 9TO ! ,CAB9ET TO REPLACE ! REGIONALI/ ,M9I/]S ,AIGUADE & ,IRUJO1 :O HAD RESIGN$4 

,LONG BE=E ?IS CRISIS ]UPT$ WE HAD ATTEMPT$ ON V>I\S OCCASIONS TO EXPOSE ! NATURE ( ! ,POPUL> ,FRONT'S SUPPORT = ! ,GOV]NM5T4 ,WE SPOKE ( ADM9I/RATIVE IRREGUL>ITIES1 S]I\S F9ANCIAL SC&ALS1 & ( ! NE$ TO C>EFULLY SCRUT9IZE ! TAX SY/EM4 

,EA* ( !SE ATTEMPTS WAS GREET$ ) TOTAL D5IAL ON ! P>T ( ALL ! NATIONAL P>TIES & ORGANIZATIONS ?AT W]E MEMB]S ( ?AT /RANGE ,FRONT ?AT WAS =M$ )\T \R P>TICIPATION4 ,WE NONE!LESS S\<T TO TEMP] \R LANGUAGE1 & TO LOOK = >GUM5TS ?AT W]E NOT \R [N >GUM5TS1 TO PLAY ! ROLE ( A SIMPLE LIB]AL P>TY AMID ! TOTAL BREAKD[N ( ALL LIB]ALISM & ( ALL DEMOCRATIC SPIRIT4 ,! M]E IDEA ( APPE>+ TO BE CONNECT$ ) A GOV]NM5T LIKE ! ONE ?AT CLAIM$ TO REPRES5T ! PEOPLE ( ,SPA9 9 ! SO-CALL$ REPUBLICAN ZONE FILL$ US ) NAUSEA & %AME4 ,& IT IS NOT AS IF WE W]E TOO DEM&+4 ,! ,NEGR9 ,GOV]NM5T WAS A GANG ( ?IEVES1 & AS ?IS GANG WAS BECOM+ 9CREAS+LY MORE SUBMISSIVE T[>DS ! ,RUSSIANS1 WE ONLY BECAME EV5 MORE AW>E ( \R S5SE ( :AT IT MEANS TO BE ,SPANI%1 & ( \R NATIONAL PRIDE4 

,I %ALL N[ PROVIDE ! TEXT ( A PROPOSAL ?AT ,I SUBMITT$ TO ! ,NATIONAL ,POPUL> ,FRONT 9 ! NAME ( ! ,F,A,I1 CONC]N+ ! PRES]VATION ( ! DEMOCRATIC 9/ITUTIONS ( 9SPECTION & CONTROL OV] ! OP]ATIONS ( ! ,GOV]NM5T4 

,:AT IMPUD5CE6 ,! JOB ( ! ,POPUL> ,FRONT WAS TO KEEP ITS M\? %UT & OBEY1 TO SUPPORT ! WORK ( ! GOV]NM5T1 RA!R ?AN TO EXAM9E & CRITICIZE IT4 

,?AT WAS ! !ORY ( ?OSE SELF-PROCLAIM$ BELIEV]S 9 P>LIAM5T>ISM4 ,& WAS IT = ?IS ?AT WE SUPPRESS$ ! MILIT>Y REVOLT ON ,JULY #a#i1 WAS IT = ?IS ?AT WE F\<T AGA9/ ,PRIMO DE ,RIV]A1 :OSE DICTATOR%IP HAD NEV] BE5 EV5 ONE-F\R? AS ABSOLUTI/ AS ,NEGR9'S1 & :OSE F9ANCIAL PROBITY C\LD NEV] EV5 BE COMP>$ ) ! IRRESPONSIBLE & SECRET PR(LIGACY ( ,MI/] ,NEGR9 & HIS TEAM8 

,\R PROPOSAL1 :I* WAS REJECT$ ) A CATEGORICAL 0?IS IS NOT OP5 TO DISCUSSION01 WAS BAS$ ON A S\ND PR9CIPLE ?AT WAS 5DORS$ BY ! POLITICAL & TRADE UNION REPRES5TATIVES ( ,SPA91 TO ! EXT5T ?AT ,SPA9 CAN BE REPRES5T$ BY P>TIES & ORGANIZATIONS4  
  

,REAFFIRM+ ! ULTIMATE GOALS ( ! ,POPUL> ,FRONT TO C>RY \T ! DEMOCRATIC REVOLUTION )9 ! LEGAL FRAMEWORK ( ! ,CON/ITUTION ( ! ,REPUBLIC1 WE %ALL ALL[ \RSELVES TO SUBMIT ! FOLL[+ OBS]VATIONS3  

,BECAUSE ! ,SPANI% ,REPUBLIC IS1 BY DEF9ITION1 A DEMOCRATIC ,REPUBLIC1 IT MU/ NEV] BE DEPRIV$ ( ! 9/ITUTIONS ?AT *>ACT]IZE DEMOCRACY1 & :I* >E DET]M9$ BY ! ,CON/ITUTION1 ORGANIZ$ 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! CIRCUM/ANCES4 

,9 A DEMOCRATIC REGIME ! CONTROL1 9SPECTION & CRITICISM ( ! OP]ATIONS ( ! ,GOV]NM5T >E 9DISP5SABLE4 ,!SE RI<TS ( CONTROL1 9SPECTION & CRITICISM W]E ! GREAT CONQUE/S ( SOCIAL1 ECONOMIC & POLITICAL PROGRESS ( ! #a#i?C5TURY 9 ! BATTLE AGA9/ ! ALL-5COMPASS+ CLAIMS ( ABSOLUTISM4 ,& IT WAS PRECISELY ,SPA9 ?AT (F]$ MAGNIFIC5T EXAMPLES ( !SE CONQUE/S4 ,! FAM\S ,CON/ITUTION ( #a#h#a#b1 UNIQUE AMONG ITS K9D1 WAS BORN 9 ! MIDDLE ( ! W> = 9DEP5D5CE & ONE CAN EV5 SAY ?AT IT WAS BORN UND] FIRE FROM ,NAPOLEON'S TROOPS4 ,DUR+ ! MO/ TURBUL5T YE>S ( \R CIVIL W>S1 NOT ONLY DID ! ,CORTES ?RIVE1 BUT ELECTIONS W]E HELD & ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLIES W]E =M$ LIKE ?AT ( #a#h#c#g4 ,9 %ORT1 \R PEOPLE'S W> = 9DEP5D5CE1 FIR/1 & \R CIVIL W>S ( ! #a#i?C5TURY1 SECOND1 W]E ! SE$S1 NOT ( POLITICAL REGRESSION1 BUT ( 9DISPUTABLE DEMOCRATIC & LIB]AL ADVANCES4 

,9SPECTION1 CONTROL & CRITICISM ( ! OP]ATIONS ( ! GOV]NM5T1 DUR+ ! P]IODS :5 ,SPA9 HAD A CON/ITUTIONAL REGIME1 W]E ALWAYS EXPRESS$ BY WAY ( PUBLIC OP9ION1 ! PRESS1 ! RI<T ( ASSEMBLY & ASSOCIATION1 & 9 P>LIAM5T>Y 9/ITUTIONS4 

,A DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC CANNOT EXI/ )\T !SE CON/ITUTIONAL DEMOCRATIC 9/ITUTIONS4 ,EV5 IF ! GOV]NM5T W]E TO BE ! MO/ AU!NTIC REPRES5TATIVE ( ! PEOPLE1 DEMOCRACY ALSO CALLS = ! 9SPECTION & CONTROL ( ITS OP]ATIONS1 AN EXAM9ATION ( ITS CONDUCT1 & ! APPLICATION ( SANCTIONS4 

,! TEMPOR>Y R$UCTION &1 DEP5D+ ON CIRCUM/ANCES1 ! SUPPRESSION ( 9DIVIDUAL RI<TS & LIB]TIES1 IS CON/ITUTIONAL2 FRE$OM ( SPEE*1 ( ASSEMBLY & ( ! PRESS CAN BE RE/RICT$1 AL?\< !SE PROC$URES HAVE ALWAYS BE5 RESORT$ TO1 AS /OPGAP MEASURES & EXP$I5T RESORTS1 BY GOV]NM5TS ?AT W]E NOT CONFID5T ( !IR /R5G? & FE>$ ! EXPRESSION ( PUBLIC OP9ION2 BUT ! R5UNCIATION ( CONTROL1 9SPECTION & CRITICISM ( ! OP]ATIONS ( ! GOV]NM5T IS EQUIVAL5T TO ! R5UNCIATION ( ! DEMOCRATIC ,REPUBLIC4  

,NO ONE D\BTS ?AT ! GOV]NM5T HAS ! RI<T TO PLAN ITS MILIT>Y OP]ATIONS 9 SECRET2 BUT CRITICISM ( MILIT>Y OP]ATIONS ?AT HAVE ALREADY TAK5 PLACE HAS BE5 AN EXTREMELY IMPORTANT FACTOR 9 EV]Y W>4 ,A ,FR5* MILIT>Y CRITIC /ATES3 0W> IS TOO IMPORTANT TO LEAVE IT EXCLUSIVELY 9 ! H&S ( ! MILIT>Y04 ,A LO/ BATTLE HAS ALWAYS BE5 FOLL[$ BY A MORE OR LESS SWEEP+ REPLACEM5T ( COMM&+ (FIC]S1 & EV5 A *ANGE 9 ! GOV]NM5T = REASONS ( A PRACTICAL NATURE & ALSO = PSY*OLOGICAL REASONS4 

,A DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC CANNOT SIL5CE ! VOICE ( CRITICISM )\T CEAS+ TO BE A DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC1 EV5 IF DUR+ EXCEPTIONAL P]IODS ?IS CRITICISM IS ONLY ALL[$ TO BE EXPRESS$ BY ! APPROPRIATE P>TY & ORGANIZATIONAL 9/ITUTIONS4 

,IMPUNITY 9 MILIT>Y AFFAIRS1 OR ! IMPOSITION ( RIGOR\S /&>DS ONLY ON ORD9>Y TROOPS1 IS AN AB]RATION1 A NEW DEVELOPM5T 9 \R W>1 ONE ?AT HAS NO PREC$5T 9 ANY W> OR 9 ANY C\NTRY ?R\<\T ! #a#i?& #b?C5TURY UP TO ?IS PO9T4 

 ,MILIT>Y ACTION1 OR A LACK !RE(1 )\T ! SPUR & ! /IMULUS ( OBS]VATION1 ( ATT5TIVE VIGILANCE1 ( DIRECT POPUL> CONTROL OR POPUL> CONTROL EX]CIS$ BY WAY ( ! PEOPLE'S REPRES5TATIVE 9/ITUTIONS1 CANNOT LEAD TO VICTORY1 NOR IS IT ADMISSIBLE 9 A REPUBLIC LIKE ! ,SPANI% REPUBLIC ?AT IS FI<T+ AGA9/ FASCISM PRECISELY BECAUSE IT IS OPPOS$ TO POLITICAL TOTALIT>IANISM & IS SEEK+ TO REAFFIRM DEMOCRACY1 :I*1 BESIDES 5TAIL+ AN ANTI-FASCI/ & ANTI-DICTATORIAL M5TALITY1 IS ALSO A POLITICAL REGIME 9 :I* ! PEOPLE P>TICIPATE 9 V>I\S WAYS 9 ! RESOLUTION ( ALL MATT]S ?AT AFFECT !IR LIVES4  

,) REG>D TO GOV]NM5T F9ANCES1 NO?+ AT ALL IS KN[N = C]TA9 AB\T ! REAL SITUATION4 ,OP]ATIONS AS DELICATE AS ! PUR*ASE ( >MS & O!R SUPPLIES1 ! ROOT ( ALL ABUSES & ( ALL ! HORRORS ( UNBRIDL$ SPECULATION1 >E N[ BEYOND ! REA* ( ANY CONTROL OR 9SPECTION1 & ! K9D ( CRITICISM TO :I* !Y >E SUBJECT$ CIRCULATES 9 ! =M ( RUMOR1 )\T ANY ATTRIBUTION1 )\T KN[+ :]E IT COMES FROM OR :AT PURPOSES IT S]VES4 

,IT IS NOT \R 9T5TION TO COMPLETELY ROOT \T ! ABUSES & EXCESSES TO :I* !SE OP]ATIONS HAVE GIV5 RISE 9 EV]Y W>1 BUT WE MA9TA9 ?AT !Y CAN BE MITIGAT$4 ,A DICTATOR%IP ( ! ,M9I/RY ( ,F9ANCE IS NEI!R CON/ITUTIONAL NOR DEMOCRATIC1 NO MORE SO ?AN ANY O!R K9D ( DICTATOR%IP2 FUR!RMORE1 IT DOES NO?+ AT ALL TO HELP ! W> EF=T4 

,! AUDIT+ ( ! REGUL> BUDGET & ! FUND = EXTRAORD9>Y EXP5DITURES1 ! ASSETS ( ! ,BANK ( ,SPA91 ! ,BANK ( ,SPA9'S =EIGN BRAN*ES & ALSO ( ,CAMPSA-,G5TIBUS 7A DE FACTO MONOPOLY OV] \R =EIGN TRADE7 MU/ BE 9 ! H&S ( ALL ! P>TIES & ORGANIZATIONS ?AT SUPPORT ! W>4 ,! CONTROL & 9SPECTION ( ! F9ANCIAL /ATUS ( ! ,REPUBLIC CANNOT BE DELAY$ )\T H>M+ & DISCR$IT+ ALL ( !M4 

,9 EV]Y W>1 EV5 9 ! W> ( #a#i#a#d-#a#i#a#h1 ?IS 9SPECTION & CONTROL W]E 9 EFFECT4 ,CLEM5CEAU & ,PO9C>E GOV]N$ ,FRANCE DUR+ ! W> :ILE BE+ CON/ANTLY ASSAIL$ BY !IR OPPON5TS4 ,WILHELM ,I,I HAD TO OBTA9 ! ,REI*/AG'S APPROVAL = W> CR$ITS1 & EV5 ! ,RUSSIAN ,CZ> CONVOK$ A SESSION ( ! ,DUMA :]E1 EV5 FAC+ EV]Y IMAG9ABLE RE/RICTION1 SOMEONE LIKE ,K>L ,LIEBKNE*T C\LD REFUSE TO VOTE = ! POLICY ( ! EMP]OR1 & SOME ( ! REPRES5TATIVES 9 ! ,DUMA1 SU* AS ,MILYUKOV1 = EXAMPLE1 D>$ TO EXPRESS !IR DISS5T4 

,! REC5T ,P>IS ,PEACE ,CONGRESS.<#c.> HAS 9 PR9CIPLE APPROV$ A RESOLUTION TO GRANT A LOAN TO ! ,SPANI% ,REPUBLIC4 ,?IS LOAN ?AT1 ACCORD+ TO ! ,PRESID5T ( ! ,CORTES1 C\LD AM\NT TO FIVE MILLION P\NDS /]L+1 IS 9 FACT GU>ANTE$ BY ! ,SPANI% ,POPUL> ,FRONT1 ALONG ) ALL ! ,POPUL> ,FRONTS ( ALL ! O!R C\NTRIES1 & ?IS OBLIGES US TO EX]CISE CONTROL & 9SPECTION OV] ITS USE4  
  

,= ALL !SE REASONS1 :I* WE C\LD MULTIPLY ) PREC$5TS FROM EV]Y C\NTRY1 BUT :I* 9 ANY EV5T >E SUP]FLU\S BECAUSE ! NATIONAL ,POPUL> ,FRONT HAS DECL>$ ITS SUPPORT = A DEMOCRATIC GOV]NM5T1 WE PROPOSE ! FOLL[+ RESOLUTION3  

,9=M ! ,PRIME ,M9I/] ( ! ,REPUBLIC1 ! ,PRESID5T ( ! ,GOV]NM5T & ! ,PRESID5T ( ! ,CORTES1 ?AT ! ,POPUL> ,FRONT1 9 ORD] TO MORE EFFECTIVELY R5D] ITS SUPPORT = ! GOV]NM5T1 DESIRES ?AT ! DEMOCRATIC PR9CIPLE ( 9SPECTION & CONTROL ( ! GOV]NM5T ) REG>D TO F9ANCIAL MATT]S1 ! CONDUCT ( ! W>1 & =EIGN & DOME/IC POLICY %\LD BE REE/ABLI%$4  

,?AT ! ,POPUL> ,FRONT %\LD BE /RUCTUR$ 9 SU* A WAY AS TO BE ABLE TO P]=M ?IS TASK4  
  
  

,WE FAIL$6 ,! V]Y IDEA ( CONTROLL+ GOV]NM5T AFFAIRS1 ( DISCOV]+ H[ ITS MONEY IS SP5T1 ( %$D+ LI<T ON ?+S ?AT SO MANY 9T]E/S WANT$ TO CONCEAL1 PRODUC$ REAL OR FEIGN$ 9DIGNATION4 ,ONCE AGA91 WE /OOD ALONE AGA9/ A ONE-HUNDR$-P]C5T SOLID BLOC4 

,BUT WE W]E SPEAK+ ! LANGUAGE ( EV]Y OLD-FA%ION$ CONS]VATIVE S5ATOR4 ,& EV5 ?AT WAS NOT 5\<6 

,WE HAD MORE ?AN 5\< REPORTS TO PROVE ?AT IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE TO OBTA9 ANY R5D]+ ( ACC\NTS CONC]N+ GOV]NM5T F9ANCES1 & ?AT IF ! ,NEGR9 ,GOV]NM5T W]E TO HAVE TO ANSW] = ITS POLITICAL1 ECONOMIC & F9ANCIAL MANAGEM5T1 IT W\LD 5D UP 9 FRONT ( A FIR+ SQUAD4 

,H5CE1 ?AT SAME ,GOV]NM5T'S 9T]E/ 9 FI<T+ ! W> RI<T UP TO ! F9AL DISA/]4 ,WE W]E NOT SURPRIS$ BY SU* AN ATTITUDE ON ! P>T ( ?OSE :O W]E PRIM>ILY RESPONSIBLE = ! BIGGE/ F9ANCIAL COLLAPSE 9 ! HI/ORY ( ,SPA92 BUT WAS IT TRUE ?AT ALL ! P>TIES & ORGANIZATIONS W]E EQUALLY AFRAID ( A LITTLE LI<T BE+ %$ ON !IR ACTIVITIES8 ,P]HAPS ) ! PASSAGE ( TIME1 SOME ( ! ?+S ?AT WE C\LD NOT EXPLA9 BACK !N1 OR N[1 = ?AT MATT]1 WILL BE MADE CLE>4.<#c#a.> 

,?IS PROPOSAL CO9CID$ ) ANO!R PROPOSAL MADE BY ! ,SPANI% ,AMBASSADOR 9 ,WA%+TON1 ,F]N&O DE LOS ,RIOS1 :O CALL$ = ! APPO9TM5T ( AN ,9VE/IGATORY ,COMMITTEE TO AUDIT ! ,REPUBLIC'S F9ANCES4 

,>AQUI/A9 EXPLA9S 9 HIS LETT] TO ,M>T9EZ ,B>RIOS1 ! ,PRESID5T ( ! ,CORTES1 H[ HIS PROPOSAL WAS RECEIV$4 ,NEGR9 C\LD /ILL C\NT ON ! SUPPORT ( ! P>TIES & ORGANIZATIONS1 ! ,CORTES & ITS /&+ COMMITTEE1 FROM :I*1 ALONG ) ,>AQUI/A91 ONLY ,ALV>O DE ,ALBORNOZ RESIGN$4 ,EI!R ! RESPONSIBILITY = ALL ( ?OSE MISS+ BILLIONS IS %>$ BY ALL ( !M1 OR IT IS TOO EASY = ! M5 ( \R G5]ATION TO ALL[ !MSELVES TO BE CORRUPT$ & B\<T ) ! MONEY ( ,SPA91 & TO SELL !IR C\NTRY AT A B>GA9 PRICE4 

,IF1 :5 FAC$ ) ! CRIMES1 ABUSES1 !FTS1 ]RORS & IDIOCIES ( ! ,GOV]NM5T ( ! ,REPUBLIC1 WE HAD ACCEPT$ !M = EV5 A S+LE 9/ANT & REMA9$ SIL5T1 !N TODAY WE W\LD NOT HAVE ! C\RAGE TO MAKE !SE ACCUSATIONS4 

,IT IS ONLY NATURAL ?AT N[ ?AT !Y >E 9 EXILE1 & N[ ?AT ! GANG ( ?IEVES :O PREY$ ON ! PUBLIC PURSE HAVE LO/ !IR PRIVILEG$ POSITIONS1 OPPON5TS & CRITICS ( ! ,NEGR9 ,GOV]NM5T >E POPP+ UP EV]Y:]E1 SPEAK+ 9 ! NAME ( EV]Y ORGANIZATION & P>TY4 ,N[ ! F>CICAL & TRAGIC POLICY ( ! ,GOV]NM5T WILL BE CONDEMN$ AS IT DES]VES 444 & ?IS ,GOV]NM5T1 ! ,GOV]NM5T ( VICTORY1 WILL BE ATTRIBUT$ ) ! WELL-JU/IFI$ M]IT ( HAV+ LIQUIDAT$ ! ,REPUBLIC 9 AN UN9T]RUPT$ ORGY ( ! MO/ VULG> PASSIONS4 

,WE SPOKE \T :5 EV]YONE ELSE KEPT !IR M\?S %UT1 & WE TRI$ TO SAVE ,SPA9 FROM ! %AME & ! 9DIGNITY TO :I* IT HAD BE5 L$ BY ITS LATE/ %EPH]DS4 ,WE W]E UNABLE TO BR+ ANY ( \R PROPOSALS TO FRUITION1 BECAUSE CORRUPTION HAD POLLUT$ EV]Y?+4 ,BUT WE W]E NOT ACCOMPLICES ( ! ,NEGR9 ,GOV]NM5T1 NOR DID WE REMA9 SIL5T AB\T ITS 9FAMIES4 ,& TODAY WE CAN 5JOY ! SATISFACTION ( REPUBLI%+ MAT]IAL FROM ! P]IOD :5 ?IS ,GOV]NM5T WAS 9 P[] & TOOK ADVANTAGE ( EV]Y MEANS TO SIL5CE ! VOICES ( ITS OPPON5TS4 

,ON ! OCCASION ( A ,NATIONAL ,PL5UM ( ! LIB]T>IAN MOVEM5T1 WE PRES5T$ A BIOGRAPHICAL SKET* ( ,DR4 ,NEGR91 9 ! HOPE ?AT HIS REAL P]SONALITY W\LD BE REVEAL$ TO ! DELEGATES & TO BR+ HIM D[N FROM HIS P$E/AL ( BLOOD & FIL?4 ,WRONG AGA96 ,JU/ AS SOMEONE :O IS 9 LOVE OV]LOOKS ! DEFECTS ( ! P]SON :O IS ! OBJECT ( !IR ILLUSIONS & PASSIONS1 EV5 ?OSE SECTORS ) A REAL REVOLUTION>Y P$IGREE WANT$ TO CLOSE !IR EYES TO ! MORAL & POLITICAL P]SONALITY ( ,DR4 ,NEGR94 

,?IS IS H[ WE DEPICT$ HIM3.<#c#b.>  
  

,! FATE ( ,SPA9 HAS BE5 PLAC$ 9 ! H&S ( ,DR4 ,NEGR91 & \R ,C,N,T DOES NOT WANT TO BE AN EXCEPTION4 ,DOES ?IS MAN HAVE ! K9D ( QUALITIES ?AT W\LD M]IT ! CONFID5CE ?AT WE HAVE CONSI/5TLY REFUS$ TO GIVE TO O!R POLITICIANS :OSE MORAL /&>DS W]E SO MU* HI<] & :O W]E MU* MORE 9TELLIG5T8 

,NEGR9 COMES FROM A REACTION>Y FAMILY4 ,ONE ( HIS BRO!RS IS A MONK & ONE ( HIS SI/]S IS A NUN4 

,?AT IS NOT A CRIME1 ( C\RSE2 BUT ! TRU? IS ?AT HIS BACKGR\ND IS F> FROM HAV+ P]SUAD$ US ( HIS ANTI-FASCI/ POLITICAL CR$5TIALS4 ,DOES ANYONE KN[ :AT ,NEGR9 IS ?9K+1 :AT IDEAS HE HAS1 :AT GOALS HE IS PURSU+8 

,! ONLY ?+ ?AT IS PUBLIC AB\T ?IS MAN IS HIS PRIVATE LIFE1 & ! LATT]1 )\T ANY D\BT AT ALL1 FALLS F> %ORT ( BE+ EXEMPL>Y OR ( EXPRESS+ A CATEGORY ( HI<] P]SONALITY4 ,A SUMPTU\S & ABUNDANT TABLE1 NO LACK ( W9ES & LIQUORS1 & A H>EM AS ABUNDANT AS HIS TABLE1 COMPLETE HIS SY/EM4 

,HE WAS AW>D$ A ,PR(ESSORIAL ,*AIR 9 ,PHYSIOLOGY ON ! ,FACULTY ( ,M$IC9E 9 ,MADRID1 A ,*AIR ?AT HE OCCUPI$ = A FEW YE>S4 ,WAS HE ! RECIPI5T ( ?IS AW>D BECAUSE ( HIS KN[L$GE OR = HIS WELL-ATTE/$ M]ITS8 ,RUMOR HAS IT ?AT HE KNEW H[ TO DAZZLE ! DEP>TM5T'S EXAM9+ COMMITTEE & CONFUSE IT ) HIS PLAUSIBLE ELOQU5CE4 ,HE HAD /UDI$ 9 ,G]MANY & IT IS POSSIBLE ?AT HE WAS EXPOS$ TO SOME IDEAS FROM BOOKS ?AT W]E NOT V]Y WELL KN[N AT ! TIME 9 ,SPA94 ,?IS SIMPLE FACT1 :I* 9 & ( ITSELF IS NOT 9DICATIVE ( ANY P>TICUL> KN[L$GE ( PHYSIOLOGY1 SEEMS TO BE ! KEY ?AT OP5$ ! DOORS TO AN ACADEMIC C>E]4 ,HE WROTE NO?+1 EI!R AB\T TOPICS RELAT+ TO HIS ALLEG$ PR(ESSION1 OR AB\T ANY?+ ELSE4 ,V]Y (T5 HE W\LD >RIVE 9 HIS CLASSROOM )\T ANY IDEA ( ! LESSON ?AT HE WAS SUPPOS$ TO TEA*1 & KN[+ EV5 LESS AB\T IT ?AN HIS /UD5TS4 ,! M$ICAL /UD5TS ( ,SAN ,C>LOS KN[ ?AT HE WAS ONE ( ?OSE PR(ESSORS :O WAS RIDICUL$ 9 CLASS BY HIS /UD5TS BECAUSE ( HIS 9COMPET5CE & HIS LACK ( 9T]E/ 9 TEA*+4 

,HE ALWAYS MADE HIS WAY 9 ! WORLD ) FLATT]Y1 /UDI$ AMIABILITY1 & P]SONAL *>ISMA4 ,:5 HE JO9$ ! ,FACULTY ( ,M$IC9E1 HIS CL9ICAL EYE FELL UPON ,DR4 ,RECAS5S1 AN OLD AU?ORITY FIGURE AT ! UNIV]SITY4 ,HE WAS SO SLICK & +RATIAT+ ?AT POOR ,RECAS5S FELL 9TO ! NET1 & GRADUALLY MADE ,NEGR9 HIS P]SONAL FAVORITE4 ,NEGR9 TOOK ADVANTAGE ( HIS /ATUS BY MANEUV]+ 9 ! %AD[ ( ?IS DEP>TM5T HEAD 9 ORD] TO BECOME A K9D ( MA/] ( ! ,FACULTY1 5GAG+ 9 9TRIGUES1 FAVORITISM & CORRUPTION1 A DOMA9 9 :I* HIS TRUE MA/]Y MU/ BE ACKN[L$G$4 

,HE EMPLOY$ ! SAME ME?ODS AT ! ,CIUDAD ,UNIV]SIT>IA4 ,!RE HE BECAME ! LACKEY ( ,FLORI/AN ,AGUIL>1 & 9 HIS %AD[ ,NEGR9'S 9FLU5CE GREW & HE SECUR$ HIS POSITION AMID ! AFFAIRS ( ?IS EXTRAVAGANT 5T]PRISE ( ! ,PRIMO DE ,RIV]A ]A4 

,HE HAD NO POLITICAL 9CL9ATIONS :ATSOEV]4 ,HE 9S9UAT$ HIMSELF 9TO ! CIRCLE ( A MAN ( 9TELLECTUAL PRE/IGE LIKE ,>AQUI/A91 ?9K+ ?AT P]HAPS1 UND] HIS W+ & )\T ANY EF=T AT ALL1 HE C\LD ACQUIRE ! CULTURE ?AT HE LACK$4 ,HE S]V$ AS A K9D ( UNPAID LACKEY = ?AT WRIT]4 ,:5 ,>AQUI/A9 REJO9$ ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY >\ND #a#i#c1 ,NEGR9 ALSO APPLI$ = ADMISSION 9TO ! ,P>TY1 NOT BECAUSE ( ANY SOCIALI/ CONVICTIONS1 BUT 9 ORD] TO FOLL[ ! MAN = :OM HE SEEM$ TO N\RI% A K9D ( S]VILE WOR%IP4 ,IF ,>AQUI/A9 W]E TO HAVE JO9$ ! ,PATRIOTIC ,UNION1 ,NEGR9 W\LD HAVE ALSO JO9$ ! ,PATRIOTIC ,UNION4 

,:5 ! ,REPUBLIC WAS PROCLAIM$1 ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY DID NOT HAVE 5\< QUALIFI$ C&IDATES = ! NUM]\S ELECTORAL SLATES & ,NEGR9 WAS LI/$ AMONG ITS C&IDATES = ,MADRID ,DEPUTIES4 ,NO ONE KNEW :O HE WAS EXCEPT = ! /UD5TS ( ,SAN ,C>LOS :O US$ TO MAKE FUN ( HIM1 &1 AS A SOCIALI/1 ! FUTURE JAIL] ( ,L>GO ,CABALL]O WAS ALSO AN ILLU/RI\S NOBODY4 ,HE 5T]$ ! ,CORTES AS A MEMB] ( ! ,P>TY'S CONT+5T4 ,& 9 ! ELECTIONS ( #a#i#c#f1 AS A ,DEPUTY = ! ,CAN>Y ,ISL&S1 HE WAS ,VICE-,*AIRMAN ( ! ,BUDGET ,COMMITTEE4 

,JU/ AS HE DID AT ! ,FACULTY ( ,M$IC9E ) ,RECAS5S & AT ! ,CIUDAD ,UNIV]SIT>IA ) ,FLORI/AN ,AGUIL>1 & JU/ AS HE DID ) ,>AQUI/A9 DUR+ ! FIR/ FEW YE>S ( HIS 9TELLECTUAL & PUBLIC LIFE1 SO HE %ELT]$ UND] ! W+ ( ,9DALECIO ,PRIETO & 5TANGL$ ! LATT] 9 HIS NET ( FLATT]Y1 S]VILE CR++ & P]SONAL DEVOTION4 

,:5 ,L>GO ,CABALL]O ASK$ ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY TO NAME ?REE M5 TO =M A GOV]NM5T 9 ,SEPTEMB] #a#i#c#f1 ,PRIETO RESPOND$ BY SUBMITT+ HIS [N NAME1 ?AT ( ,NEGR9 = ,M9I/] ( ,F9ANCE1 & ?AT ( ,ANA/ASIO DE ,GRACIA4 ,?US1 ,NEGR9 BECAME A ,M9I/] ( ,/ATE4 ,H[ EASY IT WAS = A MAN ) SO FEW M]ITS TO RISE SO HI< 9 SU* A %ORT TIME6 

,HE IS NEI!R 9TELLIG5T NOR H>D-WORK+4 ,HE C\LD NOT PASS = BE+ /REET-SM>T1 NOT EV5 9 ! ,CAN>IAN S5SE1 :I* IS ! WOR/ K9D4 

,HIS ASSOCIATION ) ,PRIETO COV]$ HIM LIKE A SUIT ( >MOR1 & A S]IES ( 9CID5TS 9 :I* HE WAS COMPLICIT & C]TA9 BUS9ESS DEALS ) :I* HE WAS ASSOCIAT$ GAVE HIM C>TE BLAN*E TO PROCE$ 9 ! ,M9I/RY ( ,F9ANCE4 ,IT MU/ BE ADMITT$ ?AT HE WA/$ NO TIME 9 DO+ SO4 ,HE HAD ! KEYS TO ! BANK & ! FIR/ ?+ ?AT OCCURR$ TO HIM ) REG>D TO F9ANCE WAS TO CREATE A K9D ( EXECUTIVE BODYGU>D ( ONE HUNDR$ ?\S& C>AB9]OS4 ,WE HAD NEV] HAD SO MANY AS #a#e1 C>AB9]OS1 EV5 :5 WE HAD MANY ?\S&S ( MILES ( COA/L9ES & BORD]S1 & ,DR4 ,NEGR91 )\T ANY COA/L9ES & )\T ANY BORD]S1 ?\<T IT WAS NECESS>Y--TO 5=CE HIS TAX POLICY8--TO HAVE AN >MY ( ONE HUNDR$ ?\S& M54 ,! CRIME ( ?OSE :O CONS5T$ TO ?IS EMBEZZLEM5T FROM ! PUBLIC TREASURY DES]VES ! MO/ SEV]E PUNI%M5T4 ,& ?OSE :O HAVE1 )\T ANY COMPLA9TS AT ALL1 TOL]AT$ ?IS SPECIAL EXECUTIVE BODYGU>D ( A SOCIAL CLIMB] )\T MORALITY OR SCRUPLES1 %\LD ALSO BE HELD RESPONSIBLE1 = !IR NEGLIG5CE OR !IR C[>DICE1 = ?IS CRIME AGA9/ ! TREASURY & AGA9/ ! REVOLUTION>Y CONQUE/S ( ! PEOPLE1 :I* WAS ! ULTIMATE PURPOSE ( ?IS ORGANIZ$ & WELL >M$ C\NT]REVOLUTION>Y =CE4 

,HIS SYCOPHANTS HAVE SPOK5 ON MORE ?AN ONE OCCASION ( ,DR4 ,NEGR9'S DYNAMISM4 ,NEGR9 IS1 TO ! CONTR>Y1 A LAZY DO-NO?+4 ,HIS DYNAMISM IS EXHAU/$ 9 S5SELESS HU/LE & BU/LE1 9 ,PANTAGRUELESQUE BANQUETS & 9DULG5CE 9 ! PLEASURES ( H>EMS PAID = BY ! F9ANCES ( ! POOR ,REPUBLIC TO S]VE ! RECREATIONAL NE$S ( ! LATE/ SAVIOR ( ,SPA94 ,?IS MAN NEV] WORK$ A DAY 9 HIS LIFE1 & HIS USELESS LIFE IS !RE TO PROVE IT1 HE IS NOT EV5 CAPABLE ( DEVOT+ TWO /RAI<T H\RS TO ?9K+ AB\T ANY?+ :ATSOEV]4 ,FUR!RMORE1 ?IS UNIV]SAL & DYNAMIC ,M9I/] NE$S ! HELP ( 9JECTIONS TO PURSUE HIS LIFE/YLE ( WA/E & DEBAU*]Y4 

,9TELLECTUALLY1 HE IS A NULLITY2 MORALLY1 HE IS A N\VEAU RI*E :O SP5DS MONEY ON DISSOLUTE PLEASURES & ABUSES ( EV]Y K9D2 POLITICALLY1 WE DO NOT KN[ ANY MORE AB\T HIM ?AN :AT HE HAS TOLD US & :AT WE HAVE EXP]I5C$4 

,CONC]N+ EV]Y ASPECT ( HIS ADM9I/RATION ONE MU/ RELY ABSOLUTELY ON ! OP9ION ( ! PEOPLE >\ND HIM4 ,& HE TRIES TO SURR\ND HIMSELF ) M5 :O DO NOT CA/ A %AD[ ON HIM4 ,?AT IS H[ ?+S >E GO+ 9 ?IS POOR LOYALI/ ,SPA94 ,LOYAL TO :AT8 

,?IS FIGURE ( CALAMITY1 & ?IS IS HIS REAL TITLE1 HAS IMPLEM5T$ A POLICY ( SY/EMATIC SECRECY4 ,WE REPEAT ?AT HIS PRIVATE LIFE IS ! ONLY ?+ AB\T HIM ?AT IS PUBLIC4 ,HIS PUBLIC LIFE IS A MY/]Y1 NOT JU/ = ! PEOPLE :O >E FI<T+ AGA9/ FASCISM1 :O WORK = A LIV+ & PAY !IR TAXES1 BUT EV5 = ?OSE :O S]VE AT ! HI<E/ LEVELS ( ! GOV]NM5T ITSELF4 

,HE IS A MA/] ( ! ,MA*IAVELLIAN >T ( CORRUPT+ PEOPLE1 & IT IS ?IS CORRUPTION ?AT IMPLICATES EV]YONE >\ND HIM 9 P[] ?AT MAKES POSSIBLE ! SECRET ( ! POLICY ?AT HE PRACTICES1 A POLICY ?AT1 DUE TO ! IMMORALITY & ! WA/EFUL SP5D+ UPON :I* IT IS BAS$1 CAN ONLY BE SECRET1 LIKE ! >T ( ROBB+ A BANK4 ,SECRECY 9 F9ANCIAL AFFAIRS1 H[EV]1 HAS NO PREC$5T 9 ANY C\NTRY4 ,MUSSOL9I HIMSELF1 ,NEGR9'S IDOL1 MU/ GET ! ,ITALIAN P>LIAM5T TO APPROVE HIS BUDGET PROPOSALS & VOTE = CR$ITS TO F9ANCE HIS EXPLOITS4 ,NEGR9'S DICTATOR%IP IS 9 ?IS RESPECT MORE ABSOLUTE ?AN ,HITL]'S OR ,MUSSOL9I'S1 S9CE IT IS NEI!R COMPELL$ NOR DOES IT CONSID] IT NECESS>Y TO R5D] ACC\NTS TO ANYONE1 NOT EV5 TO ITS [N ,CAB9ET1 = ! BILLIONS ( PESETAS ?AT HAVE DISAPPE>$4 

,?IS G5]\S POLICY ( CORRUPT+ 9DIVIDUALS FROM EV]Y POLITICAL T5D5CY MADE OP]ATIONS LIKE ! TRANSF] ( MO/ ( ! GOLD 9 ! ,BANK ( ,SPA9 TO ,RUSSIA POSSIBLE1 )\T ANY CONDITIONS1 & ! OP5+ ( NUM]\S BANK ACC\NTS 9 =EIGN C\NTRIES CONTA9+ HUNDR$S ( MILLIONS ( PESETAS1 ALLEG$LY TO HELP FUTURE EMIGRES FROM ,REPUBLICAN ,SPA94 

,NOT EV5 ! ,GOV]NM5T ITSELF KN[S ALL ! DETAILS AB\T !SE TRANSACTIONS4 ,9 ?IS S5SE1 ,NEGR9 IS AN 9NOVATOR1 S9CE HE HAS ACCOMPLI%$ UND] ! COV] ( ! W> :AT NO GOV]N+ P[]1 NOT EV5 ! ABSOLUTI/ MON>*Y1 WAS EV] ABLE TO DO 9 ,SPA94444  
  

,:5 ,NEGR9 WAS ! MA/] ( ,REPUBLICAN ,SPA91 & :5 EV]YONE WAS B[+ D[N AT HIS FEET1 WE SAID !SE ?+S TO 9DUCE \R FRI5DS TO R5\NCE !IR ACTIVE SUPPORT1 AS EVID5C$ BY !IR PRES5CE 9 HIS ,GOV]NM5T1 = A MAN :O BR\<T RU9 & DISCR$IT UPON US4 ,!RE IS NO?+ ?AT WE W\LD SUBTRACT FROM \R LITTLE BIOGRAPHY4 ,HE IS /ILL LIV+ HIS O/5TATI\S LIFE ON ! MONEY ?AT HE /OLE FROM ,SPA91 & HE SP5T A HALF MILLION FRANCS ON JU/ ONE TRIP TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 :ILE HALF A MILLION M51 WOM5 & *ILDR5 >E />V+1 AB&ON$ 9 CONC5TRATION CAMPS (F]$ BY ,FR5* HOSPITALITY4 

,SU* WAS ! REPRES5TATIVE FIGURE ( ,REPUBLICAN ,SPA94 

,C\LD ! W> HAVE 5D$ DIFF]5TLY8 ,ISN'T ALL ! BLOOD ?AT WAS %$1 & ! LIVES ?AT W]E RU9$1 TO BE DEPLOR$1 AS WE HAVE PO9T$ \T8 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #d1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #a -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #a#f1 #bbb 3 ,*APT] #a -- ,UPDAT$4 

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