,:Y ! ,BOL%EVIKS ,MU/ ,W9 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ALEX&RA ,KOLLONTAI 

,TEXT 3 

,S\RCE3 ,ALEX&RA ,KOLLONTAI3 ,SELECT$ ,>TICLES & ,SPEE*ES1 ,PROGRESS ,PUBLI%]S1 #a#i#h#d2 
,TRANSCRIB$3 ,SALLY ,RYAN = M>XI/S4ORG1 #b2 
,FIR/ ,PUBLI%$3 9 ,REVOLT1 ,DECEMB]1 #a#i#a#g2 
,PRO($3 & CORRECT$ BY ,*RIS ,CLAYTON #b#f4 

,A GREAT & LONG-AWAIT$ EV5T :I* WE ,M>XI/S ALWAYS BELIEV$ TO BE 9EVITABLE1 BUT :I* WE NONE!LESS VIEW$ RA!R AS A DREAM OR AN IDEAL ( ! FUTURE RA!R ?AN AS AN IMM95T REALITY1 HAS AT LA/ OCCURR$4 .<,OCTOB] ,REVOLUTION.> 

,! ,RUSSIAN PROLET>IAT1 SUPPORT$ BY >M$ SOLDI]S - & !Y TOO >E ! SONS ( PROLET>IANS OR PEASANTS - HAVE SEIZ$ /ATE P[]4 ,= ! FIR/ TIME 9 ! HI/ORY ( MAN A /ATE IS HEAD$ NOT BY ! REPRES5TATIVES ( CAPITAL1 ( ! B\RGEOISIE1 BUT BY ! VANGU>D ( ! FI<T+ PROLET>IAT - ! LEFT W+ ( ,RUSSIAN ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRACY1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS4 

,AS F> BACK AS ! ,FEBRU>Y REVOLUTION1 9 ,RUSSIA1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS REALIZ$ ! 9EVITABILITY ( A CLA% BETWE5 ! WORK+ CLASS1 SUPPORT$ BY AN EXHAU/$ PEASANTRY & SOLDI]S WE>I$ TO DEA? ( W>1 & ! ,RUSSIAN B\RGEOISIE4 

,ALL ?AT ! ,FEBRU>Y REVOLUTION ( #aiag A*IEV$ WAS ! OV]?R[ ( CZ>ISM & ! 9TRODUCTION ( ?OSE COMMONLY ACCEPT$ POLITICAL RI<TS & FRE$OMS RECOGNIZ$ BY ANY LIB]AL-B\RGEOIS GOV]NM5T 7FRE$OM ( ASSOCIATION & ! PRESS1 ! RI<T TO COALITION & ALLIANCE74 ,! OLD1 BUREAUCRATIC1 B\RGEOIS SPIRIT ?AT REIGN$ OV] LIFE 9 ,RUSSIA REMA9$ UN*ANG$4 ,! =M] (FICIALS REMA9$ 9 ALL ! M9I/RIES1 ! =M] LAWS & REGULATIONS CONT9U$ TO OP]ATE ?R\<\T ! L&1 & ! ONLY DIFF]5CE WAS ?AT ! =M] MON>*I/S BECAME ! FAI?FUL S]VANTS FIR/ ( ,MILYUKOV & ,GU*KOV1 & !N ( ,K]5SKY & ,T]E%*5KO4 

,! MAJOR CAPITALI/S & 9DU/RIALI/S 9 ,RUSSIA ?\<T ?AT AFT] ! ,FEBRU>Y REVOLUTION ! DANG] WAS PA/1 & ?AT AFT] ! OV]?R[ ( ! CZ>I/ REGIME1 CAPITALI/S 9 ,RUSSIA W\LD HAVE FULL FRE$OM ( ACTION 9 ORD] TO CREATE 9 ,RUSSIA A PURELY CAPITALI/ REPUBLIC SIMIL> TO ! ONE 9 ,NOR!RN ,AM]ICA1 :]E ALL /ATE P[] IS FIRMLY 9 ! H&S ( CAPITALI/ MAGNATES4 ,ONLY ?IS SUMM] ! ,RUSSIAN B\RGEOISIE CELEBRAT$ ITS VICTORY1 & S\<T BY EV]Y K9D ( POLITICAL 9TRIGUE & DECEIT 7& 9 P>TICUL> BY ! =MATION ( A COALITION GOV]NM5T7 TO /R5G!N ITS POSITION & WEAK5 ?AT ( ! SOCIALI/S4 ,IT S\<T TO BUY OV] WAV]+ SOCIAL-PATRIOTS SU* AS ,TS]ETELI1 ,*]NOV & ,AVKS5TYEV BY PROMIS+ !M A %>E 9 GOV]NM5T4 

,AT ?AT TIME !RE EXI/$ 9 ,RUSSIA ONLY ONE P>TY :I*1 FROM ! V]Y BEG9N+ ( ! ,FEBRU>Y REVOLUTION1 ADOPT$ A NEGATIVE ATTITUDE T[>DS ! B\RGEOIS-IMP]IALI/ POLICIES ( ! ,CADETS & SOCIAL-PATRIOTS - & ?AT WAS ! ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY4 ,AS F> BACK AS ,APRIL ! ,BOL%EVIKS PUT =W>D ! SLOGAN3 0,ALL P[] TO ! ,SOVIETS60 & REPEAT$LY EMPHASIZ$ 
?AT IT WAS ESS5TIAL TO 5D ! W>4 ,H[EV]1 ! W> C\LD ONLY BE 5D$ BY REVOLUTION & ! OV]?R[ ( ! B\RGEOIS-CAPITALI/ GOV]NM5T4 ,!RE=E1 ANYONE :O WANT$ TO FI<T = PEACE HAD1 AT ! SAME TIME1 TO FI<T TO SEIZE P[]4 ,! MORE RESOLUTELY ! ,BOL%EVIKS SUPPORT$ !SE SLOGANS1 ! MORE SAVAGELY !Y W]E ATTACK$ BY !IR POLITICAL OPPON5TS1 BY ! ,CADETS & !IR LACKEYS FROM ! SOCIALI/ P>TY - ! SOCIAL-PATRIOTS4 ,BUT ! ,BOL%EVIKS CALMLY CONT9U$ !IR WORK1 FULFILL+ !IR GREAT HI/ORICAL MISSION4 

,! ,BOL%EVIKS NOT ONLY F\ND !MSELVES 9 OPPOSITION1 FLAY+ ! SOCIAL-PATRIOTS & CEASELESSLY CRITICIZ+ & EXPOS+ ! H>MFUL ESS5CE ( IMP]IALISM BO? )9 & )\T ,RUSSIA1 BUT !Y ALSO S\<T 5]GETICALLY & P]SI/5TLY TO CREATE A BASIS = ! DEVELOPM5T ( A REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S' MOVEM5T ?AT W\LD BE SUPPORT$ BY ! POPUL> MASSES & W\LD NOT HESITATE BE=E OP5 & >M$ 9SURRECTION4 

,9 ,PETROGRAD1 ,MOSC[ & ?R\<\T ,RUSSIA L>GE TRADE UNIONS W]E =M$ ) #a TO #b ?\S& MEMB]S 7METAL WORK]S1 TEXTILE WORK]S1 WOOD WORK]S1 ETC474 ,!N UND] ! LEAD]%IP ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 WORK]S' & SOLDI]S' CLUBS W]E SET UP ) !IR [N LIBR>IES1 /UDY C\RSES1 *EAP CANTE5S1 ETC4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 ! FIR/ /EPS W]E TAK5 TO ORGANIZE A UNION ( SOCIALI/ Y\?1 :OSE MEMB]%IP REA*$ #e ?\S&4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKS ALSO DID A GREAT DEAL ( WORK AMONG ! SOLDI]S AT ! FRONT 9 ORD] TO /R5G!N ! SPIRIT ( 9T]NATIONALISM !RE ALSO4 ,MILLIONS ( COPIES ( PAMPHLETS & BRO*URES W]E DI/RIBUT$ :I* OP5LY SET \T ! PROBLEM ( W> AS UND]/OOD BY SOCIALI/-9T]NATIONALI/S4 ,BOL%EVIK-L$ MEET+S1 CONGRESSES & CONF]5CES W]E ALSO CALL$ = ! SAME PURPOSE4  

,H[EV]1 IF ! ,BOL%EVIKS PREP>$ ! WAY = ! ,OCTOB] 
,REVOLUTION BY MEANS ( ACTIVE PROPAG&A & ORGANIZATIONAL WORK1 IT MU/ NOT BE =GOTT5 ?AT IT WAS ! OBJECTIVE CONDITIONS !MSELVES :I* CREAT$ ! GR\ND = ?IS SECOND REVOLUTION4 

,! ,FEBRU>Y REVOLUTION C\LD REMOVE NONE ( ! FACTORS :I* CAUS$ IT1 NAMELY W>1 RIS+ PRICES1 FAM9E & PRIVATION4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 ! ,RUSSIAN B\RGEOISIE CALMLY CONT9U$ !IR RULE4 

,9 ,JULY ! REACTION>Y TR5D 9 ! POLICY ( ! B\RGEOISIE 7! ,CADETS7 WAS BECOM+ 9CREAS+LY OBVI\S4 ,! WORK]S PRESS WAS BANN$1 ,BOL%EVIKS W]E >RE/$1 & ! DEA? P5ALTY WAS RE9TRODUC$ = SOLDI]S4 

,!N CAME ! NOTORI\S PLOT BETWE5 ,G5]AL ,KORNILOV & ! ,CADET LEAD]S4 ,FROM ,SEPTEMB] ONW>DS !RE W]E SIGNS ( AN APPROA*+ & 9CREAS+LY BITT] /RUGGLE BETWE5 REVOLUTION>Y DEMOCRACY & ! LIB]AL B\RGEOISIE4 ,N[ ! QUE/ION WAS3 TO :OM %\LD REPUBLICAN ,RUSSIA BELONG - TO ! CAPITALI/S1 OR TO ! WORK]S & POOR PEASANTS8 ,! SOLDI]S1 WE>Y TO DEA? ( W>1 W]E 9CL9+ MORE & MORE T[>DS ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 :ILE ! ,K]5SKY GOV]NM5T WAS 9CREAS+LY AGGRESSIVE444 

,! DICTATOR%IP ( ! B\RGEOIS P>TIES1 OR ! /RUGGLE = ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT - ?AT WAS ! QUE/ION FAC+ ! ,SECOND ,CONGRESS ( ,SOVIETS ( ,WORK]S & ,SOLDI]S' ,DEPUTIES :I* MET 9 ,PETROGRAD ON #be ,OCTOB] 7OLD /YLE74  

,! PEOPLE CAME \T VICTORI\S )\T EI!R A H>D /RUGGLE OR MU* BLOOD%$4 ,! ,SOVIETS ( ,WORK]S TOOK P[] 9TO !IR H&S4 ,NOT ONE SOLDI]1 NOT ONE SAILOR1 NOT ONE WORK] SUPPORT$ ! GOV]NM5T ( ,K]5SKY4 ,ONLY 9DIVIDUAL GR\PS FROM ! B\RGEOIS CAMP SUPPORT$ ! GOV]NM5T4 ,! ,CONGRESS ( ,SOVIETS DECL>$3 ?AT :I* WE HAVE WAIT$ = SO LONG HAS HAPP5$ - /ATE P[] IS 9 ! H&S ( REVOLUTION>Y DEMOCRACY1 I4E4 9 ! H&S ( ! WORK]S1 ! POOR PEASANTS1 ! SOLDI]S & SAILORS6 ,AS WAS TO BE EXPECT$1 ! FIR/ /EP TAK5 BY A TRULY SOCIALI/ GOV]NM5T WAS ! PROCLAMATION ( ! ,DECREE ON ,PEACE4 

,! ,PEOPLE'S ,COMMISS>S IMM$IATELY SET AB\T IMPLEM5T+ ! PROGRAM ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,A NEW SPIRIT EM]G$4 ,ALL ! OLD BUREAUCRATIC ME?ODS & CU/OMS W]E SWEPT AWAY4 ,SELF-ADM9I/RATION & ! PR9CIPLE ( ELECTION CAME 9TO OP]ATION ?R\<\T ! C\NTRY = ALL PO/S1 9CLUD+ ?OSE 9 ! >M$ =CES 7EV5 COMM&]S >E ELECT$ & APPO9T$ BY ! SOLDI]S74 ,ALL ( ?IS IS N[ *>ACT]I/IC ( LIFE 9 ,RUSSIA4 

,! NEW SOCIALI/ GOV]NM5T1 ! GOV]NM5T ( WORK]S & PEASANTS1 IS N[ TAK+ 5]GETIC MEASURES TO RE/ORE ! NATIONAL ECONOMY1 F9ANCES & 9DU/RY1 :I* HAVE BE5 TOTALLY DE/ROY$4 ,H[EV]1 EV5 MORE C\LD HAVE BE5 A*IEV$ IF IT HAD NOT BE5 = ! B\RGEOISIE1 :I* LOOK$ ) HATR$ & ANG] AT ! RULE ( ! 'MOB' & DID ALL IT C\LD TO IMP$E ! NEW WORK ( CREATION4 ,ONE EXAMPLE ( ?IS IS ! NOTORI\S 'SABOTAGE' BY /ATE EMPLOYES 9 ALL ! M9I/RIES1 9 /ATE 9/ITUTIONS1 & EV5 9 S*OOLS & HOSPITALS4 ,TEA*]S1 DOCTORS1 J\RNALI/S1 ! :OLE ( ! 9TELLIG5TSIA1 OPPOS$ ! WORK]S1 ! SOCIALI/ /ATE4 ,AS SOON AS A ,PEOPLE'S ,COMMISS> TOOK (FICE1 ALL /ATE EMPLOYES IMM$IATELY1 LIKE EXP]I5C$ /RIK]S1 /OPP$ WORK1 LEAV+ M9I/RIES & O!R 9/ITUTIONS EMPTY4 ,MANY S*OOLS & HOSPITALS HAD TO BE CLOS$ AS A RESULT ( /RIKES AMONG ! TEA*+ & M$ICAL /AFF4 

,! ELD]LY & ORPHANS W]E ?R[N \T ( ! REFUGES :]E !Y HAD F\ND %ELT] BECAUSE ! /AFF REFUS$ TO ACC5T MONEY TO SUPPORT !SE 9/ITUTIONS FROM A 'SOCIALI/ ,BOL%EVIK GOV]NM5T'6444 

,(T51 :5 ! /AFF LEFT ! M9I/RIES1 !Y TOOK ) !M NOT ONLY ALL ! DOCUM5TS1 BUT ALSO ! KEYS ( ! SAFES & ALL ! MONEY4 

,IS IT !RE=E SURPRIS+ ?AT ! SOCIALI/ GOV]NM5T1 FAC$ ) SU* AN UNPREC$5T$ BOYCOTT & SABOTAGE1 AFFECT+ SO ADV]SELY 9NOC5T MEMB]S ( SOCIETY1 ADOPT$ RIGOR\S MEASURES AGA9/ ,CADETS & LIB]ALS8 

,H[EV]1 DESPITE ALL !SE DIFFICULTIES1 ! ,BOL%EVIK GOV]NM5T CONT9U$ ITS CON/RUCTIVE WORK4 ,RADICAL SOCIAL RE=MS W]E IMPLEM5T$4 ,CONC]N WAS %[N = ! POORE/ & MO/ DEPRIV$ MEMB]S ( ! POPULATION4 ,P>TICUL> C>E WAS %[N T[>DS ?OSE 9JUR$ DUR+ ! W>4 ,A CAMPAIGN WAS M\NT$ AGA9/ UNEMPLOYM5T4 ,RE=MS W]E ALSO C>RI$ ?R\< 9 ! ADM9I/RATION ( JU/ICE4 ,SEV]E MEASURES W]E TAK5 AGA9/ SPECULATION4 ,P>TICUL> ATT5TION WAS PAID TO S*OOL $UCATION1 & EF=TS W]E MADE TO DEAL ) ! H\S+ CRISIS4 

,IT IS NOT AT ALL SURPRIS+1 !RE=E1 IF SU* POLICIES DEF5D+ ! 9T]E/S ( ! MASSES PROVOKE DIFF]5T REACTIONS TO ! SOCIALI/ GOV]NM5T AMONG DIFF]5T SECTIONS ( SOCIETY4 ,ON ! ONE H&1 ! SOCIALI/ GOV]NM5T FACES ! HATR$1 SL&] & ANG] ( ! :OLE B\RGEOIS CLASS1 :ILE1 ON ! O!R H&1 IT >\SES ADMIRATION1 G5U9E DEVOTION & RESOLUTE SUPPORT AMONG ! WORK]S1 SOLDI]S & PEASANTS4 

,REVOLUTION>Y DEMOCRACY CLE>LY UND]/&S & FEELS ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIK GOV]NM5T IS ! ONLY CORRECT ORGAN ( P[] = NEW1 DEMOCRATIC ,RUSSIA4 ,EI!R ,RUSSIA WILL BECOME A B\RGEOIS-CAPITALI/ REPUBLIC 7%\LD ! ,CADETS COME TO P[]71 OR UND] ! LEAD]%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT1 IT WILL DEVELOP AS A PURELY DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC & WILL GRADUALLY CREATE NEW =MS = ! NATIONAL ECONOMY & SOCIAL RELATIONS4 

,FOLL[+ ! ,OCTOB] ,REVOLUTION 9 ,RUSSIA1 ! SLOGAN '! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT' IS NO LONG] A UTOPIA BUT A REALITY :I* ALL ! B\RGEOIS CLASSES 9 O!R C\NTRIES MU/ RECKON )4 ,! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION M>K$ ONLY ! BEG9N+ ( ! GREAT /RUGGLE TO LIB]ATE ! PROLET>IAT FROM ! YOKE ( CAPITALISM4 ,IT IS ( VITAL IMPORTANCE = ! PROLET>IAT ( EV]Y C\NTRY ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKS %\LD EM]GE FROM ?IS /RUGGLE VICTORI\S4 ,?IS VICTORY WILL ALSO DEAL A LE?AL BL[ TO WORLD IMP]IALISM4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,M>* #d1 #bba 3 ,:Y ! ,BOL%EVIKS ,MU/ ,W9 -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #h1 #bbb 3 ,:Y ! ,BOL%EVIKS ,MU/ ,W9 -- ,UPDAT$4 

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