,:Y ,REVOLUTION>Y ,SYNDICALISM8 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,TOM ,WETZEL 

,TEXT 3 

#a4 ,A ,/RATEGY = ,WORK]S ,LIB]ATION 

,CAPITALISM IS AT ITS HE>T AN OPPRESSIVE & EXPLOITATIVE ECONOMIC SY/EM4 ,! CORE IS ! CLASS /RUCTURE1 9 :I* ! MAJORITY >E DISPOSSESS$ ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION ( GOODS & S]VICES1 & MU/ SUBMIT TO BUREAUCRATIC PRODUCTION REGIMES4 ,!SE REGIMES CONTROL \R LABOR SO AS TO PUMP \T WEAL? PRIVATELY ACCUMULAT$ BY ! PLUTOCRATS AT ! TOP ( ! HEAP 7& PAY+ HI< SAL>IES TO ! BUREAUCRATIC CLASS ( MANAG]S & HI<-5D PR(ESSIONALS71 & BACK$ UP BY ! CO]CIVE =CE ( ! /ATE4 ,WORK+ PEOPLE >E ?US AN OPPRESS$ CLASS1 AL?\< IT IS ALSO 9T]NALLY QUITE HET]OG5E\S & V>I\S SUB-GR\PS >E OPPRESS$ 9 V>I\S DIV]SE WAYS4 

,! WORK+ CLASS CAN'T BE FREE & CAN'T ULTIMATELY 5SURE WELL-BE+ = ITSELF UNLESS IT CAN TAKE OV] ! CONTROL ( ! PROCESS ( PRODUCTION 7:I* 9CLUDES TRANSPORTATION & DI/RIBUTION & PRODUCTION ( S]VICES71 & ! L& & ALL ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 BECOM+ MA/]S ( PRODUCTION1 9 CONTROL ( \R [N WORK ( & TE*NOLOGICAL DEVELOPM5T4 ,TO DO ?IS MEANS DISMANTL+ ! 9/ITUTIONAL P[] ( ! BUREAUCRATIC_/MANAG]IAL & CAPITALI/ CLASSES1 SO ?AT WE >E NOT SUBORD9ATE TO ANY DOM9AT+ CLASS4 ,AS ,RALPH ,*APL9 PUT IT 9 0,SOLID>ITY ,=EV]03 

,ALL ! WORLD ?AT'S [N$ BY IDLE DRONES IS \RS & \RS ALONE4 

,WE HAVE LAID ! WIDE F\NDATIONS2 BUILT IT SKYW>D /ONE BY /ONE4 

,IT IS \RS1 NOT TO SLAVE 91 BUT TO MA/] & TO [N4 

,WORK]S SELF-MANAGEM5T ( ALL ( SOCIAL PRODUCTION IS ?US A NECESS>Y CONDITION = WORK+ CLASS LIB]ATION4 ,IF WE DON'T CONTROL PRODUCTION SOME O!R CLASS WILL1 & !N WE'RE NOT FREE4 ,?IS MEANS !RE MU/ BE A MASS WORK] MOVEM5T ?AT HAS ! CAPACITY & ASPIRATION TO TAKE OV] ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 & CONT9UE SOCIAL PRODUCTION UND] DIRECT WORK]'S MANAGEM5T4 ,?IS TAKEOV] ( PRODUCTION IS NOT ALL !RE IS TO SOCIAL EMANCIPATION BUT ?IS IS V]Y BASIC 9 ?AT ! WORK+ CLASS CANNOT LIB]ATE ITSELF IF IT DOESN'T DO ?IS4 

,ALSO1 BY 0TAKEOV] ( PRODUCTION0 ,I DO NOT MEAN ?AT ! EXI/+ WORKPLACES & TE*NIQUES ( PRODUCTION >E CONT9U$ )\T *ANGE1 BUT ) WORK]S REPLAC+ MANAGEM5T4 ,I ALSO MEAN ?AT ! WORK+ CLASS !N SETS UP A SY/EM ( WORK+ CLASS CONTROL ?AT RE-ORGANIZES SOCIAL PRODUCTION1 WORKS TO *ANGE TE*NOLOGY1 WORKS TO DEVELOP WORK] SKILLS TO BREAK D[N HI]>*ICAL DIVISIONS ( LABOR1 *ANGES PRODUCTION TO 5SURE \R SPECIES SURVIVAL ?R\< A *ANGE 9 ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS1 & 9 G5]AL WORKS TO MAKE SOCIAL PRODUCTION MORE SOCIALLY B5EFICIAL4 ,BREAK+ D[N ! PRES5T CLASS DIVISION BETWE5 SUBORD9ATE WORK]S & MIDDLE MANAGEM5T & PR(ESSIONALS ALSO REQUIRES MAJOR *ANGES 9 ! $UCATIONAL SY/EM & ! WAY ?AT LE>N+ IS L9K$ ) SOCIAL PRODUCTION4 

,BUT TO A*IEVE ITS LIB]ATION ! WORK+ CLASS NE$S TO HAVE A /RATEGY4 ,P>T ( ! PO9T TO ! FOCUS ON ! /RUGGLE BETWE5 WORK]S & BOSSES IS ?AT ?IS PROVIDES A LEV] = *ANG+ SOCIETY4 ,WORK]S HAVE ! POT5TIAL TO EX]T P[] H]E BECAUSE ! FL[ ( PR(ITS TO ! CAPITALI/S REQUIRES \R COOP]ATION 9 PRODUCTION4 ,?US ! ABILITY TO BR+ PRODUCTION TO A HALT IS A POT5TIAL =M ( P[] ! WORK+ CLASS HAS4 ,AGA91 TO QUOTE ,RALPH ,*APL93 

,!Y HAVE TAK5 UNTOLD MILLIONS ?AT !Y NEV] TOIL$ TO E>N1 

,BUT )\T \R BRA9 & MUSCLE NOT A S+LE :EEL CAN TURN4 

,WE CAN BREAK !IR HAU<TY P[]1 GA9 \R FRE$OM :5 WE LE>N 

,?AT ! UNION MAKES US /RONG4 

#b4 ,DIRECT ,ACTION1 ,WORK] ,SOCIAL ,P[]1 & ,POLITICS 

,! ,BRITI% WRIT] ,R4 ,H4 ,TAWNEY ONCE DESCRIB$ CAPITALI/ MANAGEM5T AS 0AUTOCRACY *ECK$ BY 9SURG5CY40 ,! ECONOMIC & LEGAL /RUCTURES ( CAPITALISM CREATE A =M ( WORKPLACE DESPOTISM BUT WORK]S CAN DEVELOP =MS ( SOCIAL P[] -- P[] TO C\NT] ! EMPLOY]S -- ?R\< COLLECTIVE ACTION & ORGANIZATION4 ,COLLECTIVE ORGANIZATION & ACTION USES ! P[] ( NUMB]S TO 9CREASE \R SOCIAL P[]1 & ?US \R ABILITY TO B5D ! WILL ( ! EMPLOY]S4 

,REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALISM EMPHASIZES COLLECTIVE DIRECT ACTION SU* AS /RIKES = TWO REASONS4 ,FIR/1 BECAUSE ( ! POT5TIAL P[] WE HAVE :5 WE DISRUPT 0BUS9ESS AS USUAL0 &1 SECONDLY1 BECAUSE ?IS IS A WAY TO FI<T = *ANGE ?AT WE CAN GET \R H&S ON DIRECTLY4 

,WE SEE ?IS AS ! WAY TO FI<T = 5HANCEM5TS 9 \R LIFE1 \R DIGNITY & SAFETY1 & = SOCIAL JU/ICE4 ,?IS IS A POLITICAL /ANCE4 ,REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALISM IS POLITICAL BECAUSE IT (F]S A DIFF]5T TYPE ( POLITICAL /RATEGY = ! WORK+ CLASS ?AN A POLITICS ?AT EMPHASIZES RELIANCE ON POLITICAL P>TIES & ELECT+ GOV]NM5T (FICIALS4 

,SOMETIMES REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALISM IS ACCUS$ ( BE+ 0APOLITICAL40 ,& !RE >E SOME ,AM]ICAN SYNDICALI/S :O TALK ?IS WAY1 SU* AS ?OSE MEMB]S ( ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD :O SAY !Y WANT TO 0KEEP POLITICS \T ( ! UNION40 ,BUT ?IS IS NOT AN ACCURATE PICTURE ( ! ,I,W,W'S HI/ORY S9CE ! ,I,W,W'S REVOLUTION>Y DIRECTION1 ITS EMPHASIS ON SELF-MANAG$ CLASS UNIONISM1 & ITS RESOLUTE 9DEP5D5CE ( POLITICAL P>TIES IS A TYPE ( LABOR POLITICS4 ,9 ! E>LY #b? C5TURY SYNDICALI/S :O SAID !Y W]E AGA9/ 0POLITICS0 MEANT !Y W]E AGA9/ A LABOR POLITICS ?AT RELI$ ON POLITICAL P>TY LEAD]S & LOOK+ TO ELECTIONS ( ,LEFT POLITICIANS = SOCIAL *ANGE4 ,BUT ! POLITICS ( POLITICAL P>TIES & ELECT+ POLITICIANS IS NOT ! ONLY SORT ( POLITICS !RE IS4 ,!RE IS ALSO A POLITICS ( DIRECT P>TICIPATION1 DIRECT PROTE/1 ( MASS /RUGGLE4 

#c4 ,CLASS ,=MATION 

,! DEVELOPM5T ( WORK] SOCIAL OR COLLECTIVE C\NT]-P[] IS CRUCIAL TO ! PROCESS ?AT ,M>XI/S CALL 0CLASS =MATION40 ,?IS IS ! MORE OR LESS PROTRACT$ PROCESS ?R\< :I* ! WORK+ CLASS DEVELOPS FROM AN OBJECTIVELY OPPRESS$ & EXPLOIT$ CLASS 9TO A CLASS ?AT HAS DEVELOP$ ! CAPACITY1 WILL & ASPIRATION -- ! =MS ( ORGANIZATION1 PRACTICES ( SOLID>ITY1 & POLITICAL 9SI<TS -- TO EFFECTIVELY *ALL5GE ! DOM9AT+ CLASSES1 & POSE ! REAL POSSIBILITY ( REPLAC+ CAPITALISM ) SELF-MANAG$ SOCIALISM4 ,TO PUT ?IS ANO!R WAY1 ! OBJECTIVE OPPRESSION & EXPLOITATION ( ! CLASS DOES NOT AUTOMATICALLY G5]ATE A SUBJECTIVE ASPIRATION = *ANGE OR ! ORGANIZATIONAL CAPACITY TO BR+ ?AT AB\T4 

,W,S,A REF]S TO ?IS PROCESS ( 0CLASS =MATION0 9 ! FOLL[+ P>AGRAPH 9 ,:]E ,WE ,/&3 

0,! WORK+ CLASS DOES NOT DEVELOP ! CAPACITY TO LIB]ATE ITSELF OV]NI<T4 ,?R\< A MORE OR LESS PROTRACT$ PROCESS1 ! WORK+ CLASS CAN BREAK ?R\< FATALISM & LONG/&+ HABITS ( GO+ ALONG ) HI]>*Y1 OV]COME 9T]NAL DIVISIONS 7SU* AS ALONG L9ES ( RACE OR G5D]71 & DEVELOP ! SKILLS & SELF-CONFID5CE1 SOLID>ITY1 & ORGANIZATIONAL /R5G? NE$$ TO M\NT A FUNDAM5TAL *ALL5GE TO ! DOM9AT+ CLASSES40 

,SO LONG AS PEOPLE >E ISOLAT$ & DON'T SEE PEOPLE SUPPORT+ EA* O!R & ACTUALLY EXHIBIT+ COLLECTIVE SOCIAL P[]1 !Y WILL BE MORE 9CL9$ TO ?9K 0,Y\ CAN'T FI<T ,CITY ,HALL01 0,I'M ON MY [N10 & MAKE DECISIONS ACCORD+LY4 ,TO ! EXT5T ?AT PEOPLE SEE MORE PEOPLE ACT+ 9 SOLID>ITY ) EA* O!R1 BUILD+ L9KS BETWE5 DIFF]5T MOVEM5TS & P>TS ( ! POPULATION1 & SUCCESSFULLY PU%+ BACK1 !Y WILL BE MORE OP5 TO MORE AMBITI\S IDEAS AB\T *ANGES 9 SOCIETY4 ,! EXT5T TO :I* PEOPLE TAKE ! POSSIBILITY ( *ANGE S]I\SLY DEP5DS ON H[ REALI/IC !Y ?9K SU* AIMS >E1 & ?IS DEP5DS ON ! SOCIAL P[] !Y ?9K MAY BE AVAILABLE TO FI<T = SU* *ANGES4 ,W,S,A REF]S TO !SE *ANGES 9 M9DSET ?R\< COLLECTIVE ACTION 9 ,:]E ,WE ,/& ?IS WAY3 

0,! ECONOMY W\LD GR9D TO A HALT )\T \R WORK4 ,?IS IS ! S\RCE ( ! COLLECTIVE P[] ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,L>GE-SCALE SOLID>ITY SU* AS G5]AL /RIKES BUILDS 9 ! WORK+ CLASS A S5SE ( \R ABILITY TO *ANGE ! SOCIETY40 

,! IMPORTANCE ( WORK]S ACT+ 09 UNION0 ) EA* O!R1 CREAT+ COLLECTIVE ORGANIZATIONS = RESI/ANCE TO MANAGEM5T1 AS A WAY TO BUILD P[]1 IS HI<LI<T$ 9 ANO!R /ANZA FROM 0,SOLID>ITY ,=EV]03 

,:5 ! UNION'S 9SPIRATION ?R\< ! WORK]S' BLOOD %ALL RUN1 

,!RE CAN BE NO P[] GREAT] ANY:]E B5EA? ! SUN2 

,YET :AT =CE ON E>? IS WEAK] ?AN ! FEEBLE /R5G? ( ONE1 

,BUT ! UNION MAKES US /RONG4 

#d4 ,! ,TWO ,S\LS ( ,UNIONISM 

,LOOK+ AT ! K9DS ( UNIONS ?AT EXI/ TODAY IT CAN BE DIFFICULT TO CONV9CE PEOPLE -- EV5 COMMITT$ RADICALS -- ?AT UNIONISM CAN BE A =CE = REVOLUTION>Y *ANGE4 ,H]E IT IS IMPORTANT TO KEEP 9 M9D ! HI/ORICAL CIRCUM/ANCES ?AT HAVE %AP$ ! K9D ( UNIONISM ?AT EXI/S 9 ! ,U,S,A TODAY1 & TO LOOK AT ! RANGE ( =MS ?AT UNIONISM HAS TAK5 9 HI/ORY & 9 DIFF]5T C\NTRIES1 AS ?IS HELPS TO GIVE US A BETT] PICTURE ( :AT UNIONISM CAN BE4 

,! BASIC IDEA ( A 0UNION0 IS AN ORGANIZATION WORK]S =M TO *ECK 9DU/RIAL AUTOCRACY3 TO =CE MANAGEM5T TO GO ALONG ) :AT WE WANT OR TO =CE !M TO AVOID :AT WE DON'T WANT !M TO DO4 ,BUT !RE >E TWO HI/ORICAL T5D5CIES OR 0S\LS0 TO UNIONISM1 & !SE DI/9CT DIRECTIONS HAVE BE5 EXPRESS$ AT V>I\S PO9TS 9 LABOR HI/ORY4 ,!RE HAS BE51 ON ! ONE H&1 ! T5D5CY TO AUTONOM\S1 GRASSROOTS WORK%OP UNIONISM1 CONTROLL$ BY WORK]S !MSELVES4 ,&1 ON ! O!R H&1 ! T5D5CY T[>DS BUREAUCRATIC UNIONISM1 ) PAID HI]>*IES \TSIDE ! WORKPLACE1 MADE UP ( PEOPLE :O NO LONG] WORK ! JOB1 DO NOT EXP]I5CE ! DIRECT CONTROL ( MANAGEM5T4 ,W,S,A DESCRIBES ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! ,AM]ICAN BUS9ESS UNION =M ( BUREAUCRATIC UNIONISM ?IS WAY 9 ,:]E ,WE ,/&3 

0,AFT] ,WORLD ,W> ,I,I1 CONTROL ( ! ,AM]ICAN UNIONS BY A HI]>*ICAL /RUCTURE ( PAID (FIC]S & /AFF BECAME 5TR5*$4 ,UNIONS LIMIT$ !IR FOCUS TO N>R[ ECONOMIC ISSUES1 & R\T9E B>GA9+1 SECTOR BY SECTOR4 ,! G5]AL /RIKES & PIT*$ BATTLES ( ! YE>S BE=E ,WORLD ,W> #b W]E A FAD+ MEMORY4 ,! LABOR BUREAUCRACY'S MONOPOLIZATION ( RELATIONS ) ! EMPLOY]S T5D$ TO MAKE ! MEMB]S DEP5D5T ON !M4 ,WORK]S CAME 9CREAS+LY TO REG>D ! UNION AS AN EXT]NAL S]VICE AG5CY4 ,!RE WAS LESS EMPHASIS ON ! WORK]S' [N ACTION 09 UNION0 ) EA* O!R40 

,?IS TYPE ( UNIONISM BEG9 TO DEVELOP HI/ORICALLY ONCE ! BASIC REVOLT ( WORK]S HAS IMPOS$ ! UNIONS ON ! EMPLOY]S1 & =C$ CONCESSIONS1 ESPECIALLY ONGO+ COLLECTIVE B>GA9+ ) ! EMPLOY]4 ,BUT ?IS TYPE ( UNIONISM T5DS TO UND]M9E ! C\NT]-P[] ( WORK]S1 S9CE IT T5DS TO CONC5TRATE CONTROL OV] /RUGGLES & NEGOTIATIONS 9TO ! H&S ( A PAID HI]>*Y1 :O FE> RISKS TO !IR ORGANIZATION IF WORK]S 5GAGE 9 AUTONOM\S1 DIRECT /RUGGLE ?AT ?REAT5S TO GO BEYOND ! B\NDS ?AT >E ALL[$ BY CAPITALI/ LEGALITY4 ,?US ! UNION BUREAUCRACY IS TRAPP$ 9 A CONTRADICTION !Y CAN'T SOLVE4 ,!Y CAN'T /EM ! DECL9E ( ! PA/ #d YE>S1 BECAUSE ONLY DISRUPTIVE MASS ACTION SU* AS /RIKES & DIRECT WORK] SOLID>ITY C\LD DEVELOP SUFFICI5T C\NT]-P[]4 ,AS LONG AS !Y /AY )9 ! LEGAL CAGE ?AT ! LAWS & C\RTS 5=CE1 !Y HAVE LITTLE P[] TO REV]SE !IR DECL9E4 

,! ALT]NATIVE IS TO REBUILD WORK] C\NT]-P[] ?R\< ! RE-ASS]TION ( ! O!R 0S\L0 OR T5D5CY 9 HI/ORICAL UNIONISM444! T5D5CY TO GRASSROOTS1 REBEL1 9DEP5D5T WORK] ORGANIZATION4 ,I ?9K ONE ( ! FIR/ RADICAL ?9K]S TO EXPLICITLY LAY \T ?IS UND]/&+ ( ! CONTRADICTORY OR 0TWO S\LS0 *>ACT] ( MASS UNIONISM WAS ,ANTONIO ,GRAMSCI DUR+ HIS SYNDICALI/ YE>S AFT] ,WORLD ,W> #a4 ,AT ?AT TIME HIS ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY ,GR\P WORK$ CLOSELY ) ! AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ ,TUR9 ,LIB]T>IAN ,GR\P TO BUILD ! RADICAL %OP /EW>DS MOVEM5T 9 ! ,TUR9 METAL WORK+ 9DU/RY4 ,?IS WAS MODEL$ TO SOME EXT5T ON ! ,BRITI% ,WORLD ,W> #a %OP /EW>DS MOVEM5T -- ALSO A SYNDICALI/ MOVEM5T -- & WAS BAS$ ON WORKPLACE ASSEMBLIES 9DEP5D5T ( ! BUREAUCRATIZ$ ,F,I,O,M 7,METAL ,WORK]S ,F$]ATION7 UNION4 ,%OP /EW>D C\NCILS W]E ELECT$ ?AT W]E 9DEP5D5T ( ! UNION1 & BR\<T TOGE!R 9 ! ASSEMBLIES PEOPLE FROM ! V>I\S UNIONS 9 ! PLANTS 9TO A S+LE UNIT$ BODY4 ,?IS PROGRAM WAS !N TAK5 OV] BY ! ,ITALIAN ,SYNDICALI/ ,UNION 7,U,S,I7 7A UNION =M$ 9 #aiab ON ! PLAT=M ( ! ,AM]ICAN ,I,W,W7 & !N EXT5D$ TO ,MILAN1 ,G5OA & O!R >EAS4 

,AT ?AT TIME ! ,ITALIAN SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC UNION F$]ATION 7,C,G,L7 HAD ALREADY DEVELOP$ A PRACTICE ( COLLECTIVE B>GA9+ ) EMPLOY]S & HAD A BUREAUCRACY ( PAID (FICIALS1 & ,GRAMSCI NOT$ ! PREOCCUPATION ( !SE (FICIALS AT MA9TA9+ !IR ONGO+ RELATION%IPS ) ! EMPLOY]S1 9CLUD+ !IR T5D5CY TO DISC\RAGE MASS DIRECT ACTION & REVOLT4 

,?US WE CAN UND]/& REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALISM AS ! PROPOSAL TO BUILD & NURTURE ! 9DEP5D5T1 SELF-MANAG$ WORK%OP UNIONISM T5D5CY1 ?AT IS1 = MASS WORK] ORGANIZATION ?AT IS 9DEP5D5T1 WORK] CONTROLL$1 & WORKS TO BROAD5 SOLID>ITY4 

#e4 ,SELF-MANAG$ ,CLASS ,UNIONISM 

,I USE ! T]M 0SELF-MANAG$ CLASS UNIONISM0 TO REF] TO ! TYPE ( WORK] UNIONISM ?AT SYNDICALISM PROPOSES4 ,BY 0SELF-MANAG$0 ,I MEAN ?AT WORK]S DIRECTLY CONTROL !IR /RUGGLES !MSELVES1 & !Y DIRECTLY CONTROL ! =MAL ORGANIZATIONS !Y CREATE4 ,?IS IS :AT ,W,S,A SAYS AB\T SELF-MANAG$ UNIONISM 9 ,:]E ,WE ,/&3 

0,= UNIONS TO BE SELF-MANAG+1 ?IS />TS ) ! IMPORTANCE ( ! G5]AL MEET+S ( ! MEMB]S TO MAKE DECISIONS4 ,TO PREV5T ! ORGANIZATION BECOM+ DEP5D5T ON A SMALL NUMB] ( PEOPLE1 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE PO/S %\LD HAVE T]M LIMITS4 ,?IS NE$S TO BE COMB9$ ) A SY/EMATIC APPROA* TO TRA9+ MEMB]S 9 ALL ! TASKS NE$$ 9 RUNN+ A UNION4 

,FULL-TIME PAID (FICIALS NO LONG] SUFF] ! DAILY 9DIGNITIES ( SUBORD9ATION TO ! BOSSES4 ,! (T5 HI< SAL>IES ( UNION BUREAUCRATS 9 ! ,U,S,A SEP>ATE UNION (FICIALS FROM ! CONDITIONS ( LIFE ( UNION MEMB]S & 5C\RAGES (FICIALS TO LOOK AT ! UNION AS !IR P]SONAL TICKET \T ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,WE BELIEVE ?AT ! NUMB] ( PAID (FICIALS 9 ! LABOR MOVEM5T %\LD BE KEPT TO A M9IMUM4 ,LOCAL UNIONS %\LD AVOID PAID (FIC]S AS MU* AS POSSIBLE4 ,IF WORK]S FEEL ?AT A PAID (FIC] IS NE$$ 9 A P>TICUL> CASE1 !IR PAY %\LD BE LIMIT$ TO ! AV]AGE WAGE LEVEL ( ! WORK]S4444,G5U9E SELF-MANAGEM5T ( A UNION GOES BEYOND ! =MAL /RUCTURE & ALSO DEP5DS ON ACTIVE P>TICIPATION & $UCATION ( MEMB]S40 

,SELF-MANAG+ /RUGGLES 9 SOME CASES HAS L$ SYNDICALI/S TO PROPOSE AUTONOM\S =MS ( ORGANIZ+ A /RUGGLE \TSIDE ! UNIONS4 ,TWO EXAMPLES ( ?IS FROM ,SPA9 >E3 7#a7 ,! #a#i#hS /RUGGLE AT ,PU]TO ,REAL1 AGA9/ %UTD[N ( A %IPY>D1 9 :I* ! ,C,N,T 7A REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALI/ M9ORITY7 WAS SUCCESSFUL 9 P]SUAD+ ! WORK]S TO =M AN 9DEP5D5T ASSEMBLY & /RIKE COMMITTEE TO CONDUCT ! /RUGGLE1 9DEP5D5T ( ! V>I\S UNIONS2 & 7#b7 ! #bf /RUGGLE ( ! BUS DRIV]S 9 ,B>CELONA = TWO-DAYS (F P] WEEK1 :I* WAS CONDUCT$ ?R\< SEV]AL /RIKES BY AN 9DEP5D5T ASSEMBLY & /RIKE COMMITTEE1 =M$ ON ! 9ITIATIVE ( ! ,C,G,T & ANO!R 0M9ORITY UNION04 

,9 ?IS LATT] TYPE ( SITUATION ! UNION IS A K9D ( MILITANT M9ORITY ORGANIZATION ?AT WORKS TO MOBILIZE ! L>G] MASS ( C[ORK]S 79CLUD+ ?OSE :O MAY HAVE BE5 LESS ACTIVE BE=E7 TO 5GAGE 9 A COMMON /RUGGLE ?R\< DIRECTLY DEMOCRATIC MEANS4 

0,CLASS UNIONISM01 AS 0,BIG ,BILL ,HAYWOOD DEF9$ IT1 0ATTEMPTS TO UNITE ALL ! WORK]S AGA9/ ALL ! CAPITALI/S40 

,?IS =M ( UNIONISM MAY BE BUILT ON /RUGGLES ( WORK]S AGA9/ !IR EMPLOY]S1 BUT DOES NOT LIMIT ITSELF TO IMPROV+ ! CIRCUM/ANCES ( A P>TICUL> GR\P ( WORK]S AT A P>TICUL> EMPLOY]1 9 ISOLATION FROM ! /RUGGLES ( ! WORK+ CLASS 9 G5]AL4 ,CLASS UNIONISM BECOMES VISIBLE 9 SITUATIONS :]E UNIONS & MASSES ( PEOPLE 5GAGE 9 G5]AL /RIKES AGA9/ ! /ATE1 OR AGA9/ ALL ! EMPLOY]S4 ,! NATIONAL G5]AL /RIKE = ! EI<T-H\R DAY 9 #ahhf WAS A CLASS-WIDE /RUGGLE AGA9/ EMPLOY]S 9 G5]AL1 = EXAMPLE4 

,AM]ICAN BUS9ESS UNIONISM HAS ALWAYS CONSI/$ ( NATIONAL UNIONS ?AT T5D TO BE FOCUS$ ON ISOLAT$1 SECTOR BY SECTOR BATTLES ( WORK]S4 ,TO ! EXT5T !Y CONC]N !MSELVES ) L>G] CLASS QUE/IONS1 ?IS T5DS TO GET KICK$ UP TO ! LEAD]S :O 5GAGE 9 LOBBY+ & ASK MEMB]S TO VOTE = ,DEMOCRATS = !IR SOLUTION1 NOT UNIT$ ACTION ) O!R MEMB]S ( !IR CLASS4 

,W,S,A H9TS AT ?IS CONCEPT ( CLASS UNIONISM 9 ,:]E ,WE ,/& 9 ?IS LANGUAGE3 

0,! TYPE ( UNIONISM ?AT WE ADVOCATE IS SELF-MANAG$ BY ! MEMB]S1 WORKS TO SPREAD SOLID>ITY & L9K UP ) WORK]S 9 O!R C\NTRIES1 5C\RAGES MASS P>TICIPATION1 FI<TS AGA9/ ALL =MS ( 9EQUALITY & DISCRIM9ATION1 & REJECTS ANY IDEA ( 0P>TN]%IP0 OR 0COMMON 9T]E/S0 ) ! BOSSES40 

,CLASS UNIONISM IS BAS$ ON CLASS SOLID>ITY1 5CAPSULAT$ 9 ! SLOGAN 0,AN ,9JURY TO ,ONE IS AN ,9JURY TO ,ALL40 ,IF ?IS IS TO BE REAL IT MEANS ?AT ! 9JURIES ?AT >E DUE TO DIV]SE =MS ( OPPRESSION OR MI/REATM5T EXP]I5C$ BY V>I\S SUB-GR\PS 7SU* AS ALONG L9ES ( RACE1 SEX1 IMMIGRATION /ATUS7 ( ! WORK+ CLASS CANNOT BE IGNOR$1 & /RUGGLES ( PEOPLE 9 !SE GR\PS NE$ TO GA9 SUPPORT FROM ! BROAD] MOVEM5T4 ,TO PUT ?IS ANO!R WAY1 ! CLASS MOVEM5T NE$S TO BE ANTI-RACI/ & ANTI-SEXI/4 

,= AB\T A DECADE ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD WAS ABLE TO MA9TA9 AN ORGANIZATION ( WORK]S ON ! DOCKS 9 ,PHILADELPHIA :I* WAS BAS$ ON AN UND]/&+ BETWE5 ! :ITE & BLACK LONG%OREM5444A %>+ ( CONTROL )9 ! WORK] ORGANIZATION4 ,DUR+ ,WORLD ,W> #a ! ,I,W,W ALSO BUILT A S+LE UNION ( :ITE & BLACK WORK]S 9 ! TIMB] 9DU/RY 9 WE/]N ,L\ISIANA & EA/ ,TEXAS -- 9 A REGION :]E ?IS LACK ( RACIAL SEGREGATION WAS A VIOLATION ( ! LAW4 ,?IS RESI/ANCE TO RACISM TOOK PLACE AT A TIME :5 RACISM WAS V]Y /RONGLY 5TR5*$4 ,& ?IS RESI/ANCE WAS ITSELF A DIRECT EXPRESSION ( CLASS UNIONISM4 

#f4 0,! EMANCIPATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS MU/ BE ! WORK ( ! WORK]S !MSELVES40 

,?IS PR9CIPLE WAS 5UNCIAT$ BY ,M>X 9 HIS DRAFT PR9CIPLES = ! ,9T]NATIONAL WORK+M5'S ,ASSOCIATION 9 #a#h#f#d4 ,REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALI/S ACCEPT ?IS PR9CIPLE BUT 9 A QUITE LIT]AL WAY4 

,= ! WORK+ CLASS TO BE ABLE TO TAKE OV] ! SY/EM ( SOCIAL PRODUCTION1 !RE NE$S TO BE A HI/ORY1 A PRACTICE1 ( /RUGGLE ( WORK]S 9 WORKPLACES ?AT =E%AD[S ?IS *ANGE 9 CONTROL1 9 ! S5SE ?AT !RE IS A MOVEM5T :I* *ALL5GES MANAGEM5T = CONTROL1 & DEVELOPS A COMMITM5T TO COLLECTIVE1 DEMOCRATIC DECISION-MAK+1 TO SELF-MANAG+ ITS [N /RUGGLES4 

,9 ! C\RSE ( DEVELP+ ?IS PRACTICE1 & AS P>T ( ! MOTIVATION = IT1 ! MOVEM5T NE$S TO ALSO DEVELOP ! ASPIRATION TO REPLACE ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM1 & ITS 9DU/RIAL AUTOCRACY1 ) COLLECTIVE SELF-MANAGEM5T1 G5]ALIZ$ ?R\<\T ! SOCIETY1 NOT LIMIT$ JU/ TO ! WORKPLACES4 

,)\T AN ORGANIZ$ MASS MOVEM5T ( ?IS K9D1 IT'S H>D TO SEE :]E ! SOCIAL =CE W\LD COME FROM ) ! COHESION1 ASPIRATION & CAPACITY TO C>RY \T A TRANS=MATION TO A WORK]-MANAG$ ECONOMY4 

,! AMBITI\S *ANGE WE PROPOSE = SOCIETY IS C]TA9LY NOT GO+ TO HAPP5 ?R\< A SPONTANE\S REBELLION4 ,EV5 IF !RE W]E A MASSIV SOCIAL REBELLION1 )\T ! DEVELOPM5T ( A CONSCI\S MOVEM5T = SELF-MANAGEM5T & A DEVELOP$ PRACTICE ( DEMOCRATIC SELF-MANAGEM5T ( ORGANIZATIONS1 PEOPLE W\LD BE LIKELY TO FALL BACK 9TO OLD HABITS1 & DEF] TO POLITICIANS1 0PR(ESSIONALS ( REPRES5TATION10 NEW LEAD]S & BUREAUCRATIC SY/EMS4 

,! ,SPANI% REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALI/ MOVEM5T 9 ! '#bS & '#cS PLAC$ GREAT EMPHASIS UPON PREP>ATION & CAPACITACION - BUILD+ 9 ORD9>Y PEOPLE ! KN[L$GE1 ! SKILLS1 ! CAPACITY TO RUN !IR [N MOVEM5TS1 TO BE ORGANIZ]S !MSELVES1 & 5C\RAG$ ! DISCUSSIONS )9 ! WORK+ CLASS AB\T ! K9D ( SOCIETY WE WANT1 H[ WE WANT TO LIV4 ,A KEY 9/ITUTION ?AT ,SPANI% AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S BUILT WAS !AT5EO OR C5T] = POPUL> $UCATION1 :I* CONDUCT$ LIT]ACY CLASSES1 /UDY GR\PS1 CULTURAL EV5TS & $UCATIONAL ACTIVITIES ?AT W]E AIM$ AT BUILD+ ! CAPACITY = BE+ AN AG5T ( *ANGE4 

#g4 0,WORK]ISM0 @& ,WORK+ ,CLASS ,POLITICS 

,CLASS /RUGGLE DOES NOT ONLY TAKE PLACE AT ! PO9T ( PRODUCTION4 ,! SY/EM ( CLASS OPPRESSION ORIG9ATES !RE BUT EXT5DS ?R\<-\T ! SOCIETY -- & !RE >E CLASS CONFLICTS ?AT EM]GE ALSO 9 >EAS ( CONSUMPTION -- AS AGA9/ L&LORDS1 TO DEF5D PUBLIC S]VICES LIKE PUBLIC TRANSIT & $UCATION4 ,JU/ AS WORK] /RUGGLES AGA9/ EMPLOY]S HAVE (T5 DEVELOP$ 9TO CONFLICTS ) ! 9/ITUTIONS ( ! /ATE -- POLICE1 C\RTS1 ETC -- ?IS IS TRUE ALSO = !SE O!R CLASS CONFLICTS 9 ! BROAD] SOCIETY4 ,?IS MEANS ?AT WORK+ CLASS POLITICS CAN'T BE R$UC$ TO ONLY ! POLITICS ( WORK] UNIONISM 9 ! WORKPLACES4 

,! /RUGGLES 9 ! WORKPLACES1 & ! CULTURE ( WORK] SOLID>ITY & DIRECT /RUGGLE SOMETIMES LEADS TO A M9DSET CALL$ 0WORK]ISM40 ,AN OBJECTION TO SYNDICALISM HAS BE5 ?AT IT TRIES TO R$UCE CLASS POLITICS TO WORK]ISM4 ,AL?\< ?IS HAS SOMETIMES BE5 A FEATURE ( SYNDICALISM 9 ! PA/1 !RE HAVE ALSO BE5 SITUATIONS :]E SYNDICALI/ UNIONISM HAS EMBRAC$ /RUGGLES 9 ! BROAD] COMMUNITY1 SU* AS ! MASS T5ANT /RIKES ( ! ,C,N,T 9 ,B>CELONA 9 #aica & ( ! ,MEXICAN ,C,G,T 9 ,V]A ,CRUZ 9 ! '#bS4 

,MOREOV]1 9 MY DESCRIPTION ( CLASS UNIONISM ,I'VE SAID ?AT IT MEANS ?AT WORK] UNIONISM NE$S TO SEEK \T WID] L9KS 9 BUILD+ A CLASS-WIDE /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! DOM9AT+ CLASSES & !IR 9/ITUTIONS4 ,?IS ALSO MEANS BUILD+ ALLIANCES ) ORGANIZATIONS 9 ! COMMUNITY SU* AS 9 M9ORITY COMMUNITIES1 T5ANT ORGANIZATIONS OR 5VIRONM5TAL JU/ICE ORGANIZATIONS4 ,! REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALI/ UNIONS 9 ,SPA91 ,C,N,T & ,C,G,T1 N[ADAYS PUT A SIGNIFICANT EMPHASIS ON BUILD+ A L>G] WORK+ CLASS SOCIAL BLOC 9 ! /RUGGLES AGA9/ ! PLUTOCRACY & !IR 9/ITUTIONS1 SEEK+ \T L9KS ) ECOLOGI/S1 H\S+ SQUATT]S1 & ! 9DIGNADOS1 ! ,SPANI% EQUIVAL5T ( ,OCCUPY4 

,JU/ AS CAPITALI/ SOCIETY HAS BE5 BUILT UP ) V>I\S =MS ( OPPRESSION1 OR SY/EMATIC 9EQUALITY1 NOT JU/ ! CLASS OR ECONOMIC /RUCTURE1 AN ALLIANCE ( SOCIAL MOVEM5TS TO TRANS=M ! SOCIETY NE$S TO ADDRESS ALL !SE V>I\S =MS ( SOCIAL 9EQUALITY4 ,?IS MEANS ! MASS WORK]S MOVEM5T NE$S TO FI<T AGA9/ RACISM & SEXISM 9SIDE & \TSIDE ! WORKPLACES4 

#h4 ,AUTONOMY ( ,MASS ,ORGANIZATIONS 

,A PR9CIPLE ( SELF-MANAG$ CLASS UNIONISM IS WORK+ CLASS AUTONOMY4449DEP5D5CE FROM EMPLOY]S1 POLITICIANS1 POLITICAL P>TIES1 & ! GOV]NM5T4 ,! PROBLEM IS ?AT BE+ DEP5D5T ON ELECTIONS & P>TIES T5DS TO GET 9 ! WAY ( A WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5T DECID+ ON & DEVELOP+ ITS [N C\RSE1 & ITS [N AG5DA = SOCIAL *ANGE4 ,IT BECOMES LIMIT$ BY :AT IS ACCEPTABLE TO PEOPLE 9 BUREAUCRATIC OR CAPITALI/ POSITIONS 9 SOCIETY4 ,! MOVEM5T T5DS TO BECOME FOCUS$ >\ND P>TICUL> ,LEAD]S & !IR ROLE 9 ! /ATE4 

,! ISSUE ( AUTONOMY ( ! MASS ORGANIZATIONS MEANS REJECTION ( ! ,L59I/ CONCEPT ( DIRECTION BY A 0VANGU>D P>TY40 ,AFT] ,WORLD ,W> #a1 ! WORLD'S REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALI/ LABOR ORGANIZATIONS 9ITIALLY ALIGN$ !MSELVES 9 SUPPORT ( ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION4 ,H[EV]1 :5 ! ,RUSSIAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY 9ITIAT$ A NEW REVOLUTIION>Y LABOR 9T]NATIONAL 9 #a#i#b#a1 !Y 9SI/$ UPON ! UNIONS BE+ 0TRANSMISSION BELTS0 ( ! P>TY4 ,= ?IS REASON1 ! REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALI/ UNIONS LEFT ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL & ITS LABOR AFFILIATE & =M$ A NEW ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK]S ,ASSOCIATION 9 #a#i#b#b4 ,! BASIC DISAGREEM5T WAS OV] ,L59I/ OPPOSITION TO ! SYNDICALI/ PR9CIPLE ( AUTONOMY OR 9DEP5D5CE ( ! MASS ORGANIZATIONS4 

#i4 ,LIB]T>IAN ,SOCIALISM & ,POPUL> ,P[] 

,! AIM ( REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALISM IS A SELF-MANAG$1 LIB]T>IAN SOCIALI/ SOCIETY1 NOT JU/ WORK] SELF-MANAGEM5T ( WORKPLACES4 ,?IS MEANS ?AT ! GOAL ( SOCIAL PRODUCTION IS *ANG$ FROM M>KET REV5UE & 5RI*+ [N]S TO PRODUCTION = USE1 ?AT IS1 = DIRECT HUMAN B5EFIT & WELL-BE+4 

,:5 ! ,SPANI% REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALI/ UNION ORGANIZATIONS EXPROPRIAT$ ?\S&S ( COMPANIES & PUT ! WORK] ASSEMBLIES & ELECT$ COORD9AT+ C\NCILS 9 *>GE 9 #a#i#c#f1 ! AIM WAS NOT TO HAVE EA* =M] FIRM N[ BE ! PRIVATE PROP]TY ( WORK]S4 ,AS ,DIEGO ,ABAD DE ,SANTILLAN SAID AT ! TIME1 ! ,C,N,T WAS AN 0ANTI-CAPITALI/1 ANTI-PROPRIETOR MOVEM5T0 & ! WORK] ORGANIZATIONS W]E NOT TO BE 0PROPRIETORS0 ( !IR WORKPLACES BUT 0ONLY ADM9I/ATORS AT ! S]VICE ( ! 5TIRE SOCIETY40 

,SYNDICALI/S REJECT A /RATEGY ( TRY+ TO BUILD SOCIALISM ?R\< ! /ATE4 ,! /ATE IS ITSELF 9H]5TLY AN 9/ITUTION TO SU/A9 & PROTECT ! 9T]E/S ( A DOM9AT+1 EXPLOIT+ CLASS4 ,?IS IS %[N BY ! WAY ! /ATE ITSELF IS /RUCTUR$444! CONC5TRATION ( CONTROL 9TO ! H&S ( A FEW -- ! V>I\S POLITICIANS1 JUDGES1 PROSECUTORS1 ADM9I/RATORS1 MILIT>Y & POLICE (FICIALS4 ,?IS BUREAUCRATIC CLASS PRESIDE OV] PUBLIC SECTOR WORK]S 9 A MANN] SIMIL> TO BOSSES 9 ! PRIVATE SECTOR4 

,REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALISM PROVIDES ! WORK+ CLASS ) A /RATEGY = DIRECTLY DEVELOP+ ITS [N C\NT]-P[]1 & A MEANS TO BUILD A MOVEM5T TO TAKE OV] CONTROL ( SOCIAL PRODUCTION1 REPLAC+ ! DOM9AT+ CLASSES4 ,BUT ! *ANGE 9 SOCIAL ORGANIZATION 9 A P]IOD ( SOCIAL TRANS=MATION ALSO HAS TO 9CLUDE REPLAC+ ! /ATE ) A NEW SY/EM ( POPUL> GOV]NANCE -- A =M ( DIRECT SOCIAL SELF-MANAGEM5T OV] PUBLIC AFFAIRS1 & ALSO A MEANS = COALESC+ ! *ANGES 9 A /RUCTURE ?AT CAN DEF5D ! GA9S WON BY ! WORK+ CLASS 9 ?IS TRANS=MATION4 

,/ATE SOCIALISM 9 BO? ITS SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC & ,L59I/ =MS HAS BE5 HI/ORICALLY COMMITT$ TO ! IDEA ?AT SOCIALISM IS TO BE A*IEV$ ?R\< A POLITICAL P>TY TAK+ CONTROL ( A /ATE4 ,! SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC P>TIES 9 ,EUROPE W]E ORIG9ALLY COMMITT$ TO SOCIALISM1 BUT !IR EM]SION 9 ELECTORAL POLITICS DIM9I%$ !IR COMMITM5T TO FUNDAM5TAL *ANGE4 ,BY ! MID-#b? C5TURY !IR POLITICS WAS R$UC$ TO 0MANAG+0 CAPITALISM444BUT LEAV+ ! CAPITALI/S 9 CONTROL ( ! WORKPLACES @& !IR ECONOMIC ASSETS4 ,OV] ! PA/ SEV]AL DECADES ! CAPITALI/ ELITES HAVE US$ !IR ASSETS TO 5GAGE 9 A SY/EMATIC ASSAULT ON ! WORK+ CLASSES & ! 0WELF>E /ATES0 9 ! V>I\S C\NTRIES :]E SOCIAL DEMOCRACY WAS ONCE DOM9ANT 9 LABOR POLITICS4 

,REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALISM REJECTS ! IDEA ( TRY+ TO GA9 CONTROL ( /ATE P[]4 ,A /ATE IS AN ORGANIZATION ?AT HAS A TOP-D[N /RUCTURE ?AT MAKES IT WELL-SUIT$ = PROTECT+ ! 9T]E/S ( A DOM9AT+1 EXPLOIT+ CLASS4 ,PUBLIC SECTOR WORK]S >E SUBORD9ATE TO BOSSES1 & P[] IS CONC5TRAT$ 9TO ! H&S ( A FEW4 ,9 ALL CASES ,L59I/ P>TIES TAK+ /ATE P[] HAVE L$ TO NEW SY/EMS ( BUREAUCRATIC CLASS DOM9ATION4 ,! WORK+ CLASS REMA9$ A SUBORD9ATE1 EXPLOIT$ CLASS4 

,NONE!LESS1 9 A TRANS=MATION ( SOCIETY :]E ! WORK+ CLASS TAKES P[] OV] SOCIAL PRODUCTION1 IT MU/ ALSO BREAK UP ! OLD /ATE MA*9E & REPLACE IT ) A NEW SY/EM ( DIRECT POPUL> SELF-GOV]NANCE4 ,?IS IS ALSO A =M ( 0TAK+ P[]0 9 ! S5SE ?AT ! NEW ORGANIZATION ( P[] DOES NOT EMP[] ANY DOM9AT+ CLASS1 BUT1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 IS A TAK+ ( P[] BY ! MASSES !MSELVES1 ?R\< ! ORGANIZATIONS ( DIRECT DEMOCRACY1 ! ASSEMBLIES 9 ! WORKPLACES & NEI<BORHOODS1 & ! DELEGATES !Y ELECT TO DELEGATE BODIES SU* AS CONGRESSES OR COORD9AT+ C\NCILS4 ,! AIM IS A SOCIAL /RUCTURE :]E PEOPLE P>TICIPATE 9 & CONTROL DECISIONS TO ! EXT5T !Y >E EFFECT$ BY !M -- G5]ALIZ$ SELF-MANAGEM5T4 

,9 MY EXPOSITION ( REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALISM H]E1 ,I AM TRY+ TO LAY \T :AT MEAN+ REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALISM MI<T HAVE AT PRES5T4 ,A REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALISM = TODAY IS NOT GO+ TO BE ! SAME AS 9 ! '#cS OR ! E>LY #a#iS4 ,SYNDICALISM IS NOT A FROZ5 SET ( DOCTR9ES1 BUT AN APPROA* TO WORK+ CLASS SELF-EMANCIPATION ?AT HAS EVOLV$ OV] ! DECADES S9CE ITS E>LIE/ BEG9N+S 9 ! ,9T]NATONAL ,WORK+M5'S ,ASSOCIATION ( ! #a#h#fS-#gS4 ,! IDEAS ( REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALISM W]E DEVELOP$ HI/ORICALLY BY SELF-$UCAT$ WORK] MILITANTS1 ORGANIZ]S & SOME LABOR PUBLICI/S OR J\RNALI/S4 ,C]TA9 IDEAS HAVE REMA9$ CON/ANT1 SU* AS SELF-MANAG$ CLASS UNIONISM & WORK+ CLASS 9DEP5D5CE & ! COMMITM5T TO ! GOAL ( A =M ( SOCIALISM BAS$ ON WORK]S SELF-MANAGEM5T1 BUT ! CONCRETE =MS ( ORGANIZATION OR APPROA*ES TO ORGANIZ+ HAVE V>I$1 & ! UND]/&+ ( ! COMPLEXITY ( CAPITALI/ SOCIETY HAS ALSO DEVELOP$ D[N ?R\< ! YE>S AS WELL4 

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