,:Y ,PRIMITIVISM8 

#bb 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,JOHN ,Z]ZAN 

,TEXT 3 

,DEBORD BIOGRAPH] ,ANSELM ,GIAP.<#a.> REF]R$ TO ! PUZZLE ( ! PRES5T1 0:]E ! RESULTS ( HUMAN ACTIVITY >E SO ANTAGONI/IC TO HUMANITY ITSELF10 RECALL+ A QUE/ION POS$ NE>LY #e YE>S AGO BY ,JOSEPH ,WOOD ,KRUT*3 0,:AT HAS BECOME ( ?AT OPPORTUNITY TO BECOME MORE FULLY HUMAN ?AT ! 'CONTROL ( NATURE' WAS TO PROVIDE80.<#b.> 

,! G5]AL CRISIS IS RAPIDLY DEEP5+ 9 EV]Y SPH]E ( LIFE4 ,ON ! BIOSPH]IC LEVEL1 ?IS REALITY IS SO WELL-KN[N ?AT IT C\LD BE T]M$ BANAL1 IF IT W]5'T SO HORRIFY+4 ,9CREAS+ RATES ( SPECIES EXT9CTIONS1 PROLIF]AT+ DEAD ZONES 9 ! WORLD'S OCEANS1 OZONE HOLES1 DISAPPE>+ RA9=E/S1 GLOBAL W>M+1 ! P]VASIVE POISON+ ( AIR1 WAT]1 & SOIL1 TO NAME A FEW REALITIES4 

,A GRISLY L9K TO ! SOCIAL WORLD IS WIDESPREAD PH>MACEUTICAL CONTAM9ATION ( WAT]%$S4.<#c.> ,9 ?IS CASE1 DE/RUCTION ( ! NATURAL WORLD IS DRIV5 BY MASSIVE ALI5ATION1 MASK$ BY DRUGS4 ,9 ! ,U4,S41 LIFE-?REAT5+ OBESITY IS %>PLY RIS+1 & T5S ( MILLIONS SUFF] FROM S]I\S DEPRESSION &_/OR ANXIETY4.<#d.> ,!RE >E FREQU5T ]UPTIONS ( MULTIPLE HOMICIDES 9 HOMES1 S*OOLS1 & WORKPLACES1 :ILE ! SUICIDE RATE AMONG Y\NG PEOPLE HAS TRIPL$ 9 REC5T DECADES4.<#e.> ,FIBROMYALGIA1 *RONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME1 & O!R 0MY/]Y0_/PSY*OSOMATIC ILLNESSES HAVE MULTIPLI$1 VY+ ) ! EM]G5CE ( NEW DISEASES ) KN[N PHYSIOLOGICAL ORIG9S3 ,EBOLA1 ,LASSA FEV]1 ,A,I,D,S1 ,LEGIONNAIRES' DISEASE4 ,! ILLUSION ( TE*NOLOGICAL MA/]Y IS MOCK$ BY ! ANTIBIOTIC-RESI/ANT RETURN ( ,T,B & MAL>IA1 NOT TO M5TION \TBREAKS ( ,E COLI1 MAD C[ DISEASE1 ,WE/ ,NILE VIRUS1 ETC4 ,EV5 A CURSORY SURVEY ( CONTEMPOR>Y PSY*IC IMMIS]ATION W\LD REQUIRE MANY PAGES4 ,B>ELY SUPPRESS$ ANG]1 A S5SE ( EMPT9ESS1 CORROSION ( BELIEF 9 9/ITUTIONS ACROSS ! BO>D1 HI< /RESS LEVELS1 ALL CONTRIBUTE TO :AT ,KORNO\H HAS CALL$ 0! GR[+ FRACTURE ( ! SOCIAL BOND40.<#f.> 

,TODAY'S REALITY KEEPS UND]L9+ ! 9ADEQUACY ( CURR5T !ORY & ITS OV]ALL RETREAT FROM ANY R$EMPTIVE PROJECT4 ,IT SEEMS UND5IABLE ?AT'S :AT'S LEFT ( LIFE ON E>? IS BE+ TAK5 FROM US4 ,:]E IS ! DEP? ( ANALYSIS & VISION TO MAT* ! EXTREMITY ( ! HUMAN CONDITION & ! FRAGILITY ( \R PLANET'S FUTURE8 ,>E WE SIMPLY ONLY ) A TOTALIZ+ CURR5T ( DEGRADATION & LOSS8 

,! CRISIS IS DIFFUSE1 BUT AT ! SAME TIME IT IS />KLY VISIBLE ON EV]Y LEVEL4 ,ONE COMES TO AGREE ) ,ULRI* ,BECK ?AT 0PEOPLE HAVE BEGUN TO QUE/ION MOD]NITY444ITS PREMISES HAVE BEGUN TO WOBBLE4 ,MANY PEOPLE >E DEEPLY UPSET OV] ! H\SE-(-C>DS *>ACT] ( SUP]9DU/RIALISM40.<#g.> ,AGNES ,HELL] OBS]V$ ?AT \R CONDITION BECOMES LESS /ABLE & MORE *AOS-PRONE ! FUR!R WE MOVE AWAY FROM NATURE1 CONTR>Y TO ! DOM9ANT IDEOLOGY ( PROGRESS & DEVELOPM5T4.<#h.> ,) DIS5*ANTM5T COMES A GR[+ S5SE ?AT SOME?+ DIFF]5T IS URG5TLY NE$$4 

,= A NEW ORI5TATION ! *ALL5GE IS AT A DEP? ?AT !ORI/S HAVE ALMO/ 5TIRELY AVOID$4 ,TO GO BEYOND ! PROSPECTLESS MALAISE1 ! COLLAPSE ( SOCIAL CONFID5CE SO DEVA/AT+LY EXPRESS$ 9 ,LES ,P>TICULES ELEM5TAIRES 7,MI*EL ,H\LEBECQ'S 5D-(-!-MILL5NIUM NOVEL71.<#i.> ! ANALYTICAL P]SPECTIVE SIMPLY MU/ %IFT 9 A BASIC WAY4 ,?IS CONSI/S1 = OP5]S1 9 REFUS+ ,F\CAULT'S CONCLUSION ?AT HUMAN CAPACITIES & RELATIONS >E 9ESCAPABLY TE*NOLOGIZ$4.<#a.> 

,AS ,]IC ,VOGEL9 PUT IT1 0,! DEA? ( ! SPIRIT IS ! PRICE ( PROGRESS40.<#a#a.> ,BUT IF ! PROGRESS ( NIHILISM IS ID5TICAL TO ! NIHILISM ( PROGRESS1 :5CE COMES ! RUPTURE1 ! CAESURA8 ,H[ TO POSE A RADICAL BREAK FROM ! TOTALITY ( PROGRESS1 TE*NOLOGY1 MOD]NITY8 

,A QUICK SCAN ( REC5T ACADEMIC FADS %[S PRECISELY :]E SU* A P]SPECTIVE HAS NOT BE5 F\ND4 ,FR$]IC ,JAMESON'S APT =MULATION 9TRODUCES ! SUBJECT = US3 0,PO/MOD]NISM IS :AT Y\ HAVE :5 ! MOD]NIZATION PROCESS IS COMPLETE & NATURE IS GONE = GOOD40.<#a#b.> 

,PO/MOD]NISM IS ! MIRROR ( AN E?OS ( DEFEAT & REACTION1 A FAILURE ( WILL & 9TELLECT ?AT HAS ACCOMMODAT$ TO NEW EXTREMITIES ( E/RANGEM5T & DE/RUCTIV5ESS4.<#a#c.> ,= ! PO/MOD]NI/S1 ALMO/ NO?+ CAN BE OPPOS$4 ,REALITY1 AFT] ALL1 IS SO MESSY1 %IFT+1 COMPLEX1 9DET]M9ATE2 & OPPOSITIONS >E1 ( C\RSE1 JU/ SO MANY FALSE B9>ISMS4 ,VACU\S J>GON & 5DLESS SIDE-/EPP+ TRANSC5D PASSE DUALISMS4 ,DANIEL ,:ITE1 = EXAMPLE1 PRESCRIB$ 0A PO/MOD]N-ECOLOGICAL RUBRIC ?AT /EPS PA/ ! TRADITIONAL EI!R-OR ( ! ,OPPRESSOR & ,OPPRESS$4440.<#a#d.> 

,9 ! CONSUM]I/ REALM ( FRE$OM1 0?IS COMPLEX NODE1 :]E TE*NOLOGIES >E DIFFUS$1 :]E TE*NOLOGIES >E *OS510 ACCORD+ TO ,MIKE ,MI*AEL1.<#a#e.> :O CAN SAY IF ANY?+ IS AT ALL AMISS8 ,IA9 ,*AMB]S IS AN ELOQU5T VOICE ( PO/MOD]N ABJECTNESS1 WOND]+ :E!R ALI5ATION IS NOT SIMPLY AN ET]NAL GIV53 0,:AT IF ALI5ATION IS A T]RE/RIAL CON/RA9T DE/9$ TO FRU/RATE ! 'PROGRESS' 9TROJECT$ 9 ALL TELEOLOGIES8444,P]HAPS !RE IS NO SEP>ATE1 AUTONOM\S ALT]NATIVE TO ! CAPITALI/ /RUCTUR+ ( ! PRES5T-DAY WORLD4 ,MOD]NITY1 ! WE/]NIZATION ( ! WORLD1 GLOBALIZATION1 >E ! LABELS ( AN ECONOMIC1 POLITICAL & CULTURAL ORD] ?AT IS SEEM+LY 9/ALL$ = ! =ESEEABLE FUTURE40.<#a#f.> 

,! FIXATION ON SURFACE 7DEP? IS AN ILLUSION2 SO >E PRES5CE & IMM$IACY71 ! BAN ON UNIFY+ N>RATIVES & 9QUIRY 9TO ORIG9S1 9DIFF]5CE TO ME?OD & EVID5CE1 EMPHASIS ON EFFECTS & NOVELTY1 ALL F9D !IR EXPRESSION 9 PO/MOD]N CULTURE AT L>GE4 ,!SE ATTITUDES & PRACTICES SPREAD EV]Y:]E1 ALONG ) ! TE*NOLOGY IT EMBRACES )\T RES]VATION4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 ?\<1 !RE >E SIGNS ?AT !SE TRIVIALIZ+ & D]IVATIVE RECIPES = 0?\<T0 MAY BE LOS+ !IR APPEAL4.<#a#g.> ,AN ANTIDOTE TO PO/MOD]N SURR5D] HAS BE5 MADE AVAILABLE1 L>GELY ?R\< :AT IS KN[N AS ! ANTI-GLOBALIZATION MOVEM5T4 

,JEAN-,FRANCOIS ,LYOT>D1 :O ONCE ?\<T ?AT TE*NOLOGIZ$ EXI/5CE (F]$ OPTIONS1 HAS BEGUN TO WRITE AB\T ! S9I/] DEVELOPM5T ( A NEO-TOTALIT>IAN1 9/RUM5TALI/ IMPRISONM5T4 ,9 E>LI] ESSAYS HE PO9T$ TO A LOSS ( AFFECT AS P>T ( ! PO/MOD]N CONDITION4 ,MORE REC5TLY HE HAS ATTRIBUT$ ?AT LOSS TO TE*NO-SCI5TIFIC HEGEMONY4 ,CRIPPL$ 9DIVIDUALS >E ONLY P>T ( ! PICTURE1 AS ,LYOT>D PORTRAYS SOCIAL EFFECTS ( :AT CAN ONLY BE CALL$ 9/RUM5TAL REASON1 9 PA?OLOGICAL ASC5DANCE4 ,& CONTRA ,HAB]MAS1 ?IS DOM9ATION BY 9/RUM5TAL REASON IS 9 NO WAY *ALL5G$ BY 0COMMUNICATIVE ACTION40.<#a#h.> ,REF]R+ TO GLOBAL URBAN DEVELOPM5T1 ,LYOT>D /AT$1 0,WE 9HABIT ! MEGALOPOLIS ONLY TO ! EXT5T ?AT WE DECL>E IT UN9HABITABLE4 ,O!RWISE1 WE >E JU/ LODG$ !RE40 ,ALSO1 0) ! MEGALOPOLIS1 :AT IS CALL$ ! ,WE/ REALIZES & DIFFUSES ITS NIHILISM4 ,IT IS CALL$ DEVELOPM5T40.<#a#i.> 

,9 O!R WORDS1 !RE MAY BE A WAY \T ( ! PO/MOD]N CUL-DE-SAC1 AT LEA/ = SOME4 ,?OSE /ILL CONTA9$ BY ! ,LEFT HAVE A MU* DIFF]5T LEGACY ( FAILURE TO JETTISON -- ONE ?AT OBVI\SLY TRANSC5DS ! 0M]ELY0 CULTURAL4 ,DISCR$IT$ & DY+ AS AN ACTUAL ALT]NATIVE1 ?IS P]SPECTIVE SURELY ALSO NE$S TO GO4 

,H>DT & ,NEGRI'S ,EMPIRE.<#b.> WILL S]VE AS A CLASSIC >TIFACT ( LEFTISM1 A COMP5DIUM ( ! WORN-\T & LEFT-OV]4 ,!SE SELF-DESCRIB$ COMMUNI/ MILITANTS HAVE NO NOTION :ATSOEV] ( ! 5VELOP+ CRISIS4 ,?US !Y CONT9UE TO SEEK 0ALT]NATIVES )9 MOD]NITY40 ,!Y LOCATE ! =CE BEH9D !IR COMMUNI/ REVOLUTION 9 0! NEW PRODUCTIVE PRACTICES & ! CONC5TRATION ( PRODUCTIVE LABOR ON ! PLA/IC & FLUID T]RA9 ( ! NEW COMMUNICATIVE1 BIOLOGICAL1 & ME*ANICAL TE*NOLOGIES40.<#b#a.> ,! LEFTI/ ANALYSIS VALIANTLY UPHOLDS ! HE>T ( PRODUCTIONI/ M>XISM1 9 ! FACE ( EV]-ADVANC+1 /&>DIZ+1 DE/RUCTIVE TE*NIQUE4 ,SMALL WOND] ,H>DT & ,NEGRI FAIL TO CONSID] ! PULV]IZATION ( 9DIG5\S CULTURES & ! NATURAL WORLD1 OR ! /EADY WORLDWIDE MOVEM5T T[>D COMPLETE DEHUMANIZATION4 

,CLAUDE ,KORNO\H CONSID]S MON/R\S 0! IDEA ?AT PROGRESS CONSI/S 9 ! TOTAL CONTROL ( ! G5ETIC /OCK ( ALL LIV+ BE+S40 ,= HIM1 ?IS W\LD AM\NT TO AN UNFRE$OM 0?AT EV5 ! BLOODIE/ TOTALIT>IANISM ( ! #b? C5TURY WAS NOT ABLE TO ACCOMPLI%40.<#b#b.> ,H>DT & ,NEGRI W\LD NOT %R9K FROM SU* CONTROL1 S9CE !Y DO NOT QUE/ION ANY ( ITS PREMISES1 DYNAMICS1 OR PRECONDITIONS4 

,IT IS NO SMALL IRONY ?AT ! MILITANTS ( ,EMPIRE /& EXPOS$ = ! 9COMPREH5SION ( ! TRAJECTORY ( MOD]NITY BY ONE ( !IR OPPOSITE NUMB]1 ,OSWALD ,SP5GL]4 ,AS NATIONALI/ & REACTION>Y ?AT ,SP5GL] WAS1 ,! ,DECL9E ( ! ,WE/ IS ! GREAT MA/]WORK ( WORLD HI/ORY1 & HIS GRASP ( ,WE/]N CIVILIZATION'S 9N] LOGIC IS UNCANNY 9 ITS PRESCI5CE4 

,ESPECIALLY RELEVANT H]E >E ,SP5GL]'S JUDGM5TS1 SO MANY DECADES AGO1 CONC]N+ TE*NOLOGICAL DEVELOPM5T & ITS SOCIAL1 CULTURAL1 & 5VIRONM5TAL IMPACTS4 ,HE SAW ?AT ! DYNAMIC1 PROME!AN 70,FAU/IAN07 NATURE ( GLOBAL CIVILIZATION BECOMES FULLY REALIZ$ AS SELF-DE/RUCTIVE MASS SOCIETY & EQUALLY CALAMIT\S MOD]N TE*NOLOGY4 ,! SUBJUGATION ( NATURE LEADS 9ELUCTABLY TO ITS DE/RUCTION1 & TO ! DE/RUCTION ( CIVILIZATION4 0,AN >TIFICIAL WORLD IS P]MEAT+ & POISON+ ! NATURAL4 ,! ,CIVILIZATION ITSELF HAS BECOME A MA*9E ?AT DOES1 OR TRIES TO DO EV]Y?+ 9 ME*ANICAL T]MS40.<#b#c.> ,CIVILIZ$ MAN IS A 0PETTY CREATOR AGA9/ ,NATURE40 0444,?IS REVOLUTION>Y 9 ! WORLD ( LIFE444HAS BECOME ! SLAVE ( HIS CREATURE4 ,! ,CULTURE1 ! AGGREGATE ( >TIFICIAL1 P]SONAL1 SELF-MADE LIFE-=MS1 DEVELOPS 9TO A CLOSE-B>R$ CAGE 444 0.<#b#d.> 

,:]EAS ,M>X VIEW$ 9DU/RIAL CIVILIZATION AS BO? REASON 9C>NATE & A P]MAN5T A*IEVEM5T1 ,SP5GL] SAW IT AS ULTIMATELY 9COMPATIBLE ) ITS PHYSICAL 5VIRONM5T1 & !RE=E SUICIDALLY TRANSITORY4 0,HI<] ,MAN IS A TRAG$Y4 ,) HIS GRAVES HE LEAVES BEH9D ! E>? A BATTLEFIELD & A WA/EL&4 ,HE HAS DRAWN PLANT & ANIMAL1 ! SEA & M\NTA9 9TO HIS DECL9E4 ,HE HAS PA9T$ ! FACE ( ! WORLD ) BLOOD1 DE=M$ & MUTILAT$ IT40.<#b#e.> ,SP5GL] UND]/OOD ?AT 0! HI/ORY ( ?IS TE*NICS IS FA/ DRAW+ TO ITS 9EVITABLE CLOSE40.<#b#f.> 

,!ODOR ,ADORNO SEEM$ TO CONCUR ) ELEM5TS ( ,SP5GL]'S ?9K+3 0,:AT CAN OPPOSE ! DECL9E ( ! WE/ IS NOT A RESURRECT$ CULTURE BUT ! UTOPIA ?AT IS SIL5TLY CONTA9$ 9 ! IMAGE ( ITS DECL9E40.<#b#g.> ,ADORNO & ,HORKHEIM]'S ,DIALECTIC ( ,5LI<T5M5T.<#b#h.> HAS A CRITIQUE ( CIVILIZATION AT ITS CORE1 ) ITS FOCAL IMAGE ( ,ODYSSEUS =CIBLY REPRESS+ ! ,SIR5S' SONG ( ]OS4 ,DIALECTIC'S C5TRAL !SIS IS ?AT 0! HI/ORY ( CIVILIZATION IS444 ,! HI/ORY ( R5UNCIATION40.<#b#i.> ,AS ,ALBRE*T ,WELLM] SUMM$ IT UP1 0,DIALECTIC ( ,5LI<T5M5T IS ! !ORY ( AN IRR$EEMABLY D>K5$ MOD]NITY40.<#c.> ,?IS P]SPECTIVE1 N[ CONT9UALLY AUGM5T$ BY CONFIRM+ DATA1 T5DS TO R5D] IRRELEVANT BO? S\RCES ( !ORY & ! LOGIC ( PROGRESS4 ,IF !RE IS NO ESCAPE FROM A CONDITION WE CAN UND]/& ALL TOO WELL1 :AT MORE IS !RE TO SAY8 

,H]B]T ,M>CUSE TRI$ TO LAY \T AN ESCAPE R\TE 9 ,]OS & ,CIVILIZATION1.<#c#a.> BY ATTEMPT+ TO UNC\PLE CIVILIZATION FROM MOD]NITY4 ,TO PRES]VE ! 0GA9S0 ( MOD]NITY1 ! SOLUTION IS A 0NON-REPRESSIVE0 CIVILIZATION4 ,M>CUSE W\LD DISP5SE ) 0SURPLUS REPRESSION10 IMPLY+ ?AT REPRESSION ITSELF IS 9DISP5SABLE4 ,S9CE MOD]NITY DEP5DS ON PRODUCTION1 ITSELF A REPRESSIVE 9/ITUTION1 R$EF9+ WORK AS FREE PLAY CAN SALVAGE BO? MOD]NITY & CIVILIZATION4 ,I F9D ?IS AN IMPLAUSIBLE1 EV5 DESP]ATE DEF5SE ( CIVILIZATION4 ,M>CUSE FAILS TO REFUTE ,FREUD'S VIEW ?AT CIVILIZATION CANNOT BE RE=M$4 

,FREUD >GU$ 9 ,CIVILIZATION & ,ITS ,DISCONT5TS ?AT NON-REPRESSIVE CIVILIZATION IS IMPOSSIBLE1 BECAUSE ! F\NDATION ( CIVILIZATION IS A =CIBLE BAN ON 9/9CTUAL FRE$OM & ]OS4 ,TO 9TRODUCE WORK & CULTURE1 ! BAN MU/ BE P]MAN5TLY IMPOS$4 ,S9CE ?IS REPRESSION & ITS CON/ANT MA9T5ANCE >E ESS5TIAL TO CIVILIZATION1 UNIV]SAL CIVILIZATION BR+S UNIV]SAL NEUROSIS4.<#c#b.> ,DURKHEIM HAD ALREADY NOT$ ?AT AS HUMANK9D 0ADVANCES0 ) CIVILIZATION & ! DIVISION ( LABOR1 0! G5]AL HAPP9ESS ( SOCIETY IS DECREAS+40.<#c#c.> 

,AS A GOOD B\RGEOIS1 ,FREUD JU/IFI$ CIVILIZATION ON ! GR\NDS ?AT WORK & CULTURE >E NECESS>Y & ?AT CIVILIZATION 5ABLES HUMANS TO SURVIVE ON A HO/ILE PLANET4 0,! PR9CIPAL TASK ( CIVILIZATION1 ITS ACTUAL RAISON D'ETRE1 IS TO DEF5D US AGA9/ NATURE40 ,& FUR!R1 0,BUT H[ UNGRATEFUL1 H[ %ORT-SI<T$ AFT] ALL TO /RIVE = ! ABOLITION ( CIVILIZATION6 ,:AT W\LD !N REMA9 W\LD BE A /ATE ( NATURE1 & ?AT W\LD BE F> H>D] TO BE>40.<#c#d.> 

,POSSIBLY CIVILIZATION'S MO/ FUNDAM5TAL IDEOLOGICAL UND]P9N+ IS ,HOBBES' *>ACT]IZATION ( ! PRE-CIVILIZ$ /ATE ( NATURE AS 0NA/Y1 BRUTI%1 & %ORT40 ,FREUD SUBSCRIB$ TO ?IS VIEW1 ( C\RSE1 AS DID ,ADORNO & ,HORKHEIM]4 

,S9CE ! MID-#a#i#fS !RE HAS BE5 A P>ADIGM %IFT 9 H[ AN?ROPOLOGI/S UND]/& PREHI/ORY1 ) PR(\ND IMPLICATIONS = !ORY4 ,BAS$ ON A SOLID BODY ( >*AEOLOGICAL & E?NOGRAPHIC RESE>*1 MA9/REAM AN?ROPOLOGY HAS AB&ON$ ! ,HOBBESIAN HYPO!SIS4 ,LIFE BE=E OR \TSIDE CIVILIZATION IS N[ DEF9$ MORE SPECIFICALLY AS SOCIAL EXI/5CE PRIOR TO DOME/ICATION ( ANIMALS & PLANTS4 ,M\NT+ EVID5CE DEMON/RATES ?AT BE=E ! ,NEOLI?IC %IFT FROM A =AG+ OR GA!R]-HUNT] MODE ( EXI/5CE TO AN AGRICULTURAL LIFEWAY1 MO/ PEOPLE HAD AMPLE FREE TIME1 CONSID]ABLE G5D] AUTONOMY OR EQUALITY1 AN E?OS ( EGALIT>IANISM & %>+1 & NO ORGANIZ$ VIOL5CE4 

,A 7MISLEAD+LY-NAM$7 0,MAN ! ,HUNT]0 CONF]5CE AT ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,*ICAGO 9 #aiff LAUN*$ ! REV]SAL ( ! ,HOBBESIAN VIEW1 :I* = C5TURIES HAD PROVID$ READY JU/IFICATION = ALL ! REPRESSIVE 9/ITUTIONS ( A COMPLEX1 IMP]IALIZ+ ,WE/]N CULTURE4 ,SUPPORT+ EVID5CE = ! NEW P>ADIGM HAS COME =? FROM >*AEOLOGI/S & AN?ROPOLOGI/S SU* AS ,M>%ALL ,SAHL9S1 ,RI*>D ,B4 ,LEE1 ,ADRI5NE ,ZIHLMAN1 & MANY O!RS2.<#c#e.> !SE /UDIES >E WIDELY AVAILABLE1 & N[ =M ! !ORETICAL BASIS = EV]Y?+ FROM UND]GRADUATE C\RSES TO FIELD RESE>*4 

,>*AEOLOGI/S CONT9UE TO UNCOV] EXAMPLES ( H[ \R ,PALEOLI?IC =BE>S L$ MA9LY PEACEFUL1 EGALIT>IAN1 & HEAL?Y LIVES = AB\T TWO MILLION YE>S4 ,! USE ( FIRE TO COOK TUB]\S VEGETABLES AS E>LY AS #a4#i MILLION YE>S AGO1 & LONG DI/ANCE SEA TRAVEL #h1 YE>S AGO1 >E TWO F9D+S AMONG MANY ?AT TE/IFY TO AN 9TELLIG5CE EQUAL TO \R [N4.<#c#f.> 

,G5ETIC 5G9E]+ & IMM95T HUMAN CLON+ >E JU/ ! MO/ CURR5T MANIFE/ATIONS ( A DYNAMIC ( CONTROL & DOM9ATION ( NATURE ?AT HUMANS SET 9 MOTION #a1 YE>S AGO1 :5 \R ANCE/ORS BEGAN TO DOME/ICATE ANIMALS & PLANTS4 ,9 ! #d G5]ATIONS ( HUMAN EXI/5CE S9CE !N1 ALL ( NATURAL LIFE HAS BE5 P5ETRAT$ & COLONIZ$ AT ! DEEPE/ LEVELS1 P>ALLEL+ ! CONTROLS ?AT HAVE BE5 EV] MORE ?OR\<LY 5G9E]$ AT ! SOCIAL LEVEL4 ,N[ WE CAN SEE ?IS TRAJECTORY = :AT IT REALLY IS3 A TRANS=MATION ?AT 9EVITABLY BR\<T ALL-5VELOP+ DE/RUCTION1 ?AT WAS 9 NO WAY NECESS>Y4 ,SIGNIFICANTLY1 ! WORLDWIDE >*AEOLOGICAL RECORD DEMON/RATES ?AT MANY HUMAN GR\PS TRI$ AGRICULTURE &_/OR PA/ORALISM & LAT] GAVE !M UP1 FALL+ BACK ON MORE RELIABLE =AG+ & HUNT+ /RATEGIES4 ,O!RS REFUS$ = G5]ATIONS TO ADOPT ! DOME/ICATION PRACTICES ( CLOSE NEI<BORS4 

,IT IS H]E ?AT A PRIMITIVI/ ALT]NATIVE HAS BEGUN TO EM]GE1 9 !ORY & 9 PRACTICE4.<#c#g.> ,TO ! QUE/ION ( TE*NOLOGY MU/ BE ADD$ ?AT ( CIVILIZATION ITSELF4 ,EV]-GR[+ DOCUM5TATION ( HUMAN PREHI/ORY AS A V]Y LONG P]IOD ( L>GELY NON-ALI5AT$ HUMAN LIFE /&S 9 />K CONTRA/ TO ! 9CREAS+LY />K FAILURES ( UNT5ABLE MOD]NITY4 

,9 ! CONTEXT ( HIS DISCUSSION ( ! LIMITATIONS ( ,HAB]MAS1 ,JOEL ,:ITEBOOK WROTE1 0,IT MAY BE ?AT ! SCOPE ( & DEP? ( ! SOCIAL & ECOLOGICAL CRISIS >E SO GREAT ?AT NO?+ %ORT ( AN EPO*AL TRANS=MATION ( WORLD VIEWS WILL BE COMM5SURATE ) !M40.<#c#h.> ,S9CE ?AT TIME1 ,CA/ORIADIS CONCLUD$ ?AT A RADICAL TRANS=MATION WILL 0HAVE TO LAUN* AN ATTACK ON ! DIVISION ( LABOR 9 ITS HI!RTO KN[N =MS40.<#c#i.> ,DIVISION ( LABOR1 SL[LY EM]G+ ?R\< PREHI/ORY1 WAS ! F\NDATION ( DOME/ICATION & CONT9UES TO DRIVE ! TE*NOLOGICAL IMP]ATIVE =W>D4 

,! *ALL5GE IS TO DISPROVE ,GEORGE ,GRANT'S !SIS ?AT WE LIVE 9 0A WORLD :]E ONLY CATA/ROPHE CAN SL[ ! UNFOLD+ ( ! POT5TIALITIES ( TE*NIQUE10.<#d.> & TO ACTUALIZE ,CLAUDE ,KORNO\H'S JUDGM5T ?AT REVOLUTION CAN ONLY BE R$EF9$ AGA9/ PROGRESS4.<#d#a.> 

  

.<#a.> ,ANSELM ,GIAP1 ,GUY ,DEBORD 7,B]KELEY1 #a#i#i#i71 P4 #c4 

.<#b.> ,JOSEPH ,WOOD ,KRUT*1 ,HUMAN ,NATURE & ! ,HUMAN ,CONDITION 7,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#e#i71 P4 #a#i#b4 

.<#c.> ,J4 ,RAL(F1 0,MORE ,WAT]S ,TE/ ,POSITIVE = ,DRUGS10 ,SCI5CE ,NEWS #aeg 7,APRIL #a1 #b74 

.<#d.> ,! DRAMATIC UPSURGE 9 HEAL?-?REAT5+ OBESITY HAS OCCASION$ MANY >TICLES1 BUT EXACT FIGURES >E ELUSIVE AT ?IS TIME4 #b#g.0 ( ADULT ,AM]ICANS SUFF] DEPRESSION OR ANXIETY DISORD]S4 ,SEE 0,RECOGNIZ+ ! ,ANXI\S ,FACE ( ,DEPRESSION10 ,G4,S4 ,MALHI ET AL1 ,J\RNAL ( ,N]V\S & ,M5TAL ,DISEASES #a#i1 ,JUNE #b#b4 

.<#e.> ,S4,K4 ,GOLDSMI?1 ,T4,C4 ,PELLN]1 ,A4,M4 ,KLE9MAN1 ,W4,E4 ,BUNNEY1 $S41 ,R$UC+ ,SUICIDE3 ,A ,NATIONAL ,IMP]ATIVE 7,WA%+TON1 ,D4,C41 #b#b7 

.<#f.> ,CLAUDE ,KORNO\H1 0,ON ,9T]CULTURALISM & ,MULTICULTURALISM10 ,T,E,L,O,S #aa 7,W9T] #a#i#i#h71 P4 #a#c#c4 

.<#g.> ,ULRI* ,BECK1 ,ECOLOGICAL ,5LI<T5M5T3 ,ESSAYS ON ! ,POLITICS ( ! ,RISK ,SOCIETY 7,ATLANTIC ,HI<L&S1 ,N4,J41 #a#i#i#e71 P4 #c#g4 

.<#h.> ,AGNES ,HELL]1 ,CAN ,MOD]NITY ,SURVIVE8 7,B]KELEY1 #a#i#i71 P4 #f4 

.<#i.> ,MI*EL ,H\LEBECQ1 ,LES ,P>TICULES ELEM5TAIRES 7,P>IS1 #a#i#i#h74 ,MORE PROSAICALLY1 ,ZYGMUNT ,BAUMAN1 ,LIQUID ,MOD]NITY 7,CAMBRIDGE1 #b7 & ,PI]RE ,BORDIEU1 ,CONTRE-FEUX3 PROPOS P\R S]VIRA LA RESI/ANCE CONTRE L'9VASION NEO-LIB]ALE 7,P>IS1 #a#i#i#h71 ESPECIALLY P4 #i#g1 *>ACT]IZE MOD]N SOCIETY ALONG !SE L9ES4 

.<#a.> ,MI*EL ,F\CAULT1 0,:AT IS ,5LI<T5M5T80 9 ,! ,F\CAULT ,READ]1 $4 ,PAUL ,RAB9[ 7,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#h#d71 PP4 #d#g-#d#h4 

.<#a#a.> ,]IC ,VOGEL91 ,! ,COLLECT$ ,WORKS ( ,]IC ,VOGEL91 VOL4 #e1 ,MOD]NITY ,)\T ,RE/RA9T 7,COLUMBIA1 ,M,O1 #b71 P4#a#e4 

.<#a#b.> ,FR$]IC ,JAMESON1 ,PO/MOD]NISM1 OR1 ,! ,CULTURAL ,LOGIC ( ,LATE ,CAPITALISM 7,DURHAM1 ,N,C1 #a#i#i#a71 P4 IX4 

.<#a#c.> ,JOHN ,Z]ZAN1 0,! ,CATA/ROPHE ( ,PO/MOD]NISM10 ,FUTURE ,PRIMITIVE 7,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#i#d74 

.<#a#d.> ,DANIEL ,R4 ,:ITE1 ,PO/MOD]N ,ECOLOGY 7,ALBANY1 #a#i#i#h71 P4 #a#i#h4 ,BORDIEU REF]R$ TO 0! FUTILITY ( ! /RID5T CALLS ( 'PO/MOD]N' PHILOSOPH]S = ! 'SUPPRESSION ( DUALISM4' ,!SE DUALISMS DEEPLY ROOT$ 9 ?+S 7/RUCTURES7 & 9 BODIES1 DO NOT SPR+ FROM A SIMPLE EFFECT ( V]BAL NAM+ & CANNOT BE ABOLI%$ BY AN ACT ( P]=MATIVE MAGIC 4440 -- ,PI]RE ,BORDIEU1 ,MASCUL9E ,DOM9ATION 7,/AN=D1 #b#a71 P4 #a#c4 

.<#a#e.> ,MIKE ,MI*AEL1 ,RECONNECT+ ,CULTURE1 ,TE*NOLOGY & ,NATURE 7,LONDON1 #b71 P4 #h4 ,! TITLE ITSELF IS TE/IMONY TO ! SURR5D] TO DOM9ATION4 

.<#a#f.> ,IA9 ,*AMB]S1 ,CULTURE ,AFT] ,HUMANISM 7,LONDON1 #b#b71 PP4 #a#b#b1 #d#a4 

.<#a#g.> ,REC5T TITLES 9 V>I\S FIELDS 9DICATE A %IFT4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ,CALV9 ,O4 ,S*RAG & ! ,TASK ( ,PHILOSOPHY ,AFT] ,PO/MOD]NITY1 $S4 ,M>T9 ,BECK ,MATU/IC & ,WILLIAM ,L4 ,MC,BRIDE 7,EVAN/ON1 ,I,L1 #b#b7 & ,FAMILY ,!RAPY BEYOND ,PO/MOD]NISM BY ,C>MEL ,FLASKAS 7,NEW ,YORK1 #b#b74 ,AFT] ,PO//RUCTURALISM3 ,WRIT+ ! ,9TELLECTUAL ,HI/ORY ( ,!ORY1 $S4 ,TILOTTAMA ,RAJAN & ,MI*AEL ,J4 ,DRISCOLL 7,TORONTO1 #b#b7 IS HAUNT$ BY !MES ( ORIG9S & ! PRIMITIVE4 

.<#a#h.> ,JEAN-,FRANCOIS ,LYOT>D1 0,DOMUS & ! ,MEGALOPOLIS0 .<:I* C\LD V]Y LEGITIMATELY HAVE BE5 CALL$1 9 ANTI-PO/MOD]NI/ FA%ION1 0,FROM ,DOMUS TO ! ,MEGALOPOLIS0.> 9 ,! ,9HUMAN3 ,REFLECTIONS ( ,TIME 7,/AN=D1 #a#i#i#a71 P4 #b4 

.<#a#i.> ,LYOT>D1 ,! ,9HUMAN1 P4 #b1 & ,PO/MOD]N ,FABLES 7,M9NEAPOLIS1 #a#i#i#g71 P4 #b#c4 

.<#b.> ,MI*AEL ,H>DT & ,ANTONIO ,NEGRI1 ,EMPIRE 7,CAMBRIDGE1 ,M,A1 #b74 

.<#b#a.> ,H>DT & ,NEGRI1 P4 #b#a#h4 

.<#b#b.> ,CLAUDE ,KORNO\H1 0,HEIDEGG] ON ,HI/ORY & ,POLITICS AS ,EV5TS10 ,T,E,L,O,S #ab 7,SUMM] #b#a71 P4 #a#b#f4 

.<#b#c.> ,OSWALD ,SP5GL]1 ,MAN & ,TE*NICS 7,MUNI*1 #a#i#c#a71 P4 #i#d4 

.<#b#d.> ,SP5GL]1 ,MAN & ,TE*NICS1 P4 #fi 

.<#b#e.> ,SP5GL]1 ,FRUZEIT D] ,WELTGES*I*TE1 _?#b1 P4 #i4 ,QUOT$ 9 ,JOHN ,F>R5KOPF1 ,PROPHET ( ,DECL9E 7,BATON ,R\GE1 #b#a71 P4 #b#b#d4 

.<#b#f.> ,SP5GL]1 ,MAN & ,TE*NICS1 P4 #a#c4 

.<#b#g.> ,!ODOR ,W4 ,ADORNO1 ,PRISMS 7,LONDON1 #a#i#f#g71 P4 #g#b4 

.<#b#h.> ,MAX ,HORKHEIM] & ,!ODOR ,ADORNO1 ,DIALECTIC ( ,5LI<T5M5T 7,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#d#g74 

.<#b#i.> ,HORKHEIM] & ,ADORNO1 ,DIALECTIC ( ,5LI<T5M5T1 P4 #e#e4 

.<#c.> ,ALBRE*T ,WELLM]1 ,5DGAMES3 ! ,IRRECONCILABLE ,NATURE ( ,MOD]NITY 7,CAMBRIDGE1 ,M,A1 #a#i#i#h71 P4 #b#e#e4 

.<#c#a.> ,H]B]T ,M>CUSE1 ,]OS & ,CIVILIZATION 7,BO/ON1 #a#i#e#e74 

.<#c#b.> ,SIGMUND ,FREUD1 ,CIVILIZATION & ITS ,DISCONT5TS 7,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#f#a74 

.<#c#c.> ,EMILE ,DURKHEIM1 ,! ,DIVISION ( ,LABOR 9 ,SOCIETY 7,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#c#c71 P4 #b#d#i4 

.<#c#d.> ,SIGMUND ,FREUD1 0,! ,FUTURE ( AN ,ILLUSION10 ,! ,COMPLETE ,WORKS ( ,SIGMUND ,FREUD1 VOL4 #ba 7,LONDON1 #a#i#e#g71 P4 #a#e4 

.<#c#e.> ,IMPORTANT TEXTS 9CLUDE ,ELEANOR ,LEACOCK & ,RI*>D ,B4 ,LEE1 ,POLITICS & ,HI/ORY 9 ,B& ,SOCIETIES 7,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#h#b72 ,RI*>D ,B4 ,LEE & ,RI*>D ,DALY1 ,! ,CAMBRIDGE ,5CYCLOP$IA ( ,HUNT]S & ,GA!R]S 7,CAMBRIDGE1 #a#i#i#i72 ,M>%ALL ,SAHL9S1 ,/ONE ,AGE ,ECONOMICS 7,*ICAGO1 #a#i#g#b72 ,COL9 ,TURNBULL1 ,! ,=E/ ,PEOPLE 7,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#f#h72 ,ADRI5NE ,ZIHLMAN1 ET4AL41 ,! ,EVOLV+ ,FEMALE 7,PR9CETON1 #a#i#i#g74 

.<#c#f.> ,M4,J4 ,MORWOOD1 ET4 AL41 0,FISSION-TRACK AGES ( /ONE TOOLS & FOSSILS ON ! EA/ ,9DONESIAN ISL& ( ,FLORES10 ,NATURE 7#a#b ,M>* #a#i#i#h71 = EXAMPLE4 

.<#c#g.> ,?IS T5D5CY )9 AN 9CREAS+LY AN>*I/-ORI5T$ ANTI-GLOBALIZATION MOVEM5T IS 9 ! ASC5DANT 9 ! ,U4,S4 ,AMONG A GR[+ NUMB] ( P]IODICALS >E ,AN>*Y1 ,DISORD]LY ,CONDUCT1 ,! ,F9AL ,DAYS1 ,GRE5 ,AN>*Y1 ,GRE5 ,J\RNAL1 & ,SPECIES ,TRAITOR4 ,TEXTS 9CLUDE ,*ELLIS ,GL5D9N+1 ,MY ,NAME IS ,*ELLIS & ,I'M 9 ,RECOV]Y FROM ,WE/]N ,CIVILIZATION 7,BO/ON1 #a#i#i#d72 ,D]RICK ,J5S51 ,CULTURE ( ,MAKE ,BELIEVE 7,NEW ,YORK1 #b#b72 ,DANIEL ,QU9N1 ,I%MAEL 7,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#i#e72 ,JOHN ,Z]ZAN1 ,RUNN+ ,ON ,EMPT9ESS3 ! ,PA?OLOGY ( ,CIVILIZATION 7,LOS ,ANGELES1 #b#b74 

.<#c#h.> ,JOEL ,:ITEBOOK1 0,! ,PROBLEM ( ,NATURE 9 ,HAB]MAS10 ,T,E,L,O,S #d 7,SUMM]1 #a#i#g#i71 P4 #f#i4 

.<#c#i.> ,CORNELIUS ,CA/ORIADIS1 ,CROSSROADS 9 ! ,LABYR9? 7,CAMBRIDGE1 ,M,A1 #a#i#h#d71 P4 #b#e#g4 ,ALSO1 ,KEEKOK ,LEE1 0,TO ,DE-,9DU/RIALIZE -- ,IS ,IT ,SO ,IRRATIONAL80 9 ,! ,POLITICS ( ,NATURE1 $S44 ,&REW ,DOBSON & ,PAUL ,LUC>DIE 7,LONDON1 #a#i#i#c74 

.<#d.> ,GEORGE ,GRANT1 ,TE*NOLOGY & ,EMPIRE 7,TORONTO1 #a#i#f#i71 P4 #a#d#b4 ,( C\RSE1 ! SITUATION GR[S MORE & MORE GRAVE1 ) SUDD51 DIRE *ANGES V]Y POSSIBLE4 ,M4 ,%EFF]1 ET4 AL41 0,CATA/ROPHIC ,%IFTS 9 ,ECOSY/EMS10 ,NATURE 7#a#a ,OCTOB] #b#a72 ,M4 ,MANION & ,W4,M4 ,EVAN ON ! GR[+ LIKELIHOOD ( DISA/]S1 0,TE*NOLOGICAL ,CATA/ROPHES3 !IR CAUSES & PREV5TIONS10 ,TE*NOLOGY 9 ,SOCIETY #bd 7#b#b71 PP4 #b#g-#b#b#d4 

.<#d#a.> ,CLAUDE ,KORNO\H1 0,TE*NIQUE ET ,DE/910 ,KRISIS #cd 7,FALL1 #b74 

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