,:Y ,I AM A ,M>XI/ 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,K>L ,KORS* 

,TEXT 3 

,FIR/ ,PUBLI%$3 9 ,MOD]N ,QU>T]LY #a#i#c#e1 TRANSLATION REVIS$ BY ! AU?OR2 
,S\RCE3 ,CLASS ,AGA9/ ,CLASS2 
,TRANSCRIB$3 BY ,&Y ,BLUND51 = M>XI/S4ORG #b#c2 
,PRO(READ3 BY ,*RIS ,CLAYTON #b#f4 

,9/EAD ( DISCUSS+ ,M>XISM 9 G5]AL ,I PROPOSE TO DEAL AT ONCE ) SOME ( ! MO/ EFFECTIVE PO9TS ( ,M>XI/ !ORY & PRACTICE4 ,ONLY SU* AN APPROA* CON=MS ) ! PR9CIPLE ( ,M>XIAN ?\<T4 ,= ! ,M>XI/1 !RE IS NO SU* ?+ AS ',M>XISM' 9 G5]AL ANY MORE ?AN !RE IS A 'DEMOCRACY' 9 G5]AL1 A 'DICTATOR%IP' 9 G5]AL OR A '/ATE' 9 G5]AL4 ,!RE IS ONLY A B\RGEOIS /ATE1 A PROLET>IAN DICTATOR%IP OR A FASCI/ DICTATOR%IP1 ETC4 ,& EV5 !SE EXI/ ONLY AT DET]M9ATE /AGES ( HI/ORICAL DEVELOPM5T1 ) CORRESPOND+ HI/ORICAL *>ACT]I/ICS1 MA9LY ECONOMIC1 BUT CONDITION$ ALSO 9 P>T BY GEOGRAPHICAL1 TRADITIONAL1 & O!R FACTORS4 ,) ! DEF]5T LEVELS ( HI/ORICAL DEVELOPM5T1 ) ! DIFF]5T 5VIRONM5TS ( GEOGRAPHICAL DI/RIBUTION1 ) ! WELL-KN[N DIFF]5CES ( CRE$ & T5D5CY AMONG ! V>I\S ,M>XI/ S*OOLS1 !RE EXI/1 BO? NATIONALLY & 9T]NATIONALLY1 V]Y DIFF]5T !ORETICAL SY/EMS & PRACTICAL MOVEM5TS :I* GO BY ! NAME ( ,M>XISM4 ,9/EAD ( DISCUSS+ ! :OLE BODY ( !ORETICAL PR9CIPLES1 PO9TS ( VIEW 9 ANALYSIS1 ME?ODS ( PROC$URE1 HI/ORICAL KN[L$GE1 & RULES ( PRACTICE :I* ,M>X & ! ,M>XI/S = MORE ?AN EI<TY YE>S HAVE D]IV$ FROM ! EXP]I5CE ( PROLET>IAN CLASS /RUGGLES & WELD$ TOGE!R 9TO A UNIT$ REVOLUTION>Y !ORY & MOVEM5T1 ,I %ALL1 !RE=E1 TRY TO S+LE \T ?OSE SPECIFIC ATTITUDES1 PROPOSITIONS1 & T5D5CIES :I* CAN BE USEFULLY ADOPT$ AS ! GUIDE TO \R ?\<TS & ACTION TODAY1 H]E & N[1 UND] ! GIV5 CONDITIONS :I* PREVAIL 9 ! YE> #aice 9 ,EUROPE1 9 ! ,U,S @& 9 ,*9A1 ,JAPAN1 ,9DIA1 & 9 ! NEW WORLD ( ! ,U,S,S,R ,9 ?IS WAY ! QUE/ION ',:Y ,I AM A ,M>XI/' >ISES1 PRIM>ILY1 = ! PROLET>IAT1 OR RA!R ! MO/ DEVELOP$ & 5]GETIC SECTIONS ( ! PROLET>IAN CLASS4 ,IT CAN BE ASK$1 ALSO1 = SECTIONS ( ! POPULATION :I*1 LIKE ! DECL9+ /RATA ( ! MIDDLE-CLASSES1 ! NEWLY >IS5 GR\P ( MANAG]IAL EMPLOYES1 ! PEASANTS & F>M]S1 ETC DO NOT BELONG EI!R TO ! RUL+ CAPITALI/ OR TO ! PROLET>IAN CLASS SO-CALL$ BUT MAY ASSOCIATE !MSELVES ) ! PROLET>IAT = ! PURPOSE ( A COMMON /RUGGLE4 ,! QUE/ION MAY EV5 BE RAIS$ = SU* P>TS ( ! B\RGEOISIE PROP]1 :OSE V]Y LIFE IS ?REAT5$ BY 'MONOPOLY CAPITALISM' OR ',FASCISM'1 & IT C]TA9LY >ISES = ! B\RGEOIS IDEOLOGICAL :O1 UND] ! PRESSURE ( ! CALCULATIVE /RA9S ( DECL9+ CAPITALI/ SOCIETY1 >E 9DIVIDUALLY MAK+ !IR WAY T[>D ! PROLET>IAT 7S*OL>S1 >TI/S1 5G9E]S1 ETC74  

,I %ALL N[ 5UM]ATE :AT SEEMS TO ME ! MO/ ESS5TIAL PO9TS ( ,M>XISM 9 A COND5S$ =M3  

#a4 ,ALL ! PROPOSITIONS ( ,M>XISM1 9CLUD+ ?OSE ?AT >E APP>5TLY G5]AL1 >E SPECIFIC4  

#b4 ,M>XISM IS NOT POSITIVE BUT CRITICAL4  

#c4 ,ITS SUBJECT-MATT] IS NOT EXI/+ CAPITALI/ SOCIETY 9 ITS AFFIRMATIVE /ATE1 BUT DECL9+ CAPITALI/ SOCIETY AS REVEAL$ 9 ! DEMON/RABLY OP]ATIVE T5D5CIES ( ITS BREAK+-UP & DECAY4  

#d4 ,ITS PRIM>Y PURPOSE IS NOT CONTEMPLATIVE 5JOYM5T ( ! EXI/+ WORLD BUT ITS ACTIVE TRANS=MATION 7PRAKTIS*E ,UMWAELZUNG74  
,ONE  

,NONE ( !SE *>ACT]S ( ,M>XISM HAS BE5 ADEQUATELY RECOGNIZ$ OR APPLI$ BY ! MAJORITY ( ,M>XI/S4 ,AGA9 & AGA9 SO-CALL$ 'OR?ODOX' ,M>XI/S HAVE RELAPS$ 9TO ! 'AB/RACT' & 'METAPHYSICAL' WAY ( ?9K+ :I* ,M>X HIMSELF - AFT] ,HEGEL - HAD MO/ EMPHATICALLY D5I$1 & :I* 9DE$ HAS BE5 UTT]LY REFUT$ BY ! :OLE EVOLUTION ( MOD]N ?\<T DUR+ ! LA/ HUNDR$ YE>S4 ,?US1 E4G4 A REC5T ,5GLI% ,M>XI/ HAS ONCE MORE TRI$ TO 'SAVE' ,M>XISM FROM ! *>GES MADE BY ,B]N/E9 & O!RS TO ! ELECT ?AT ! C\RSE ( MOD]N HI/ORY DEVIATES FROM ! S*EME ( DEVELOPM5T LAID D[N BY ,M>X1 ) ! MIS]ABLE EVASION ?AT ,M>X ATTEMPT$ TO DISCOV] '! G5]AL LAWS ( SOCIAL *ANG$ NOT ONLY FROM ! /UDY ( SOCIETY 9 ! N9ETE5? C5TURY1 BUT ALSO FROM A /UDY ( SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T FROM ! BEG9N+S ( HUMAN SOCIETY'1 & ?AT IT IS !RE=E 'QUITE POSSIBLE' ?AT HIS CONCLUSIONS >E 'AS TRUE ( ! TW5TIE? C5TURY AS !Y W]E ( ! P]IOD 9 :I* HE >RIV$ AT !M'4 ,IT IS EVID5T ?AT SU* A DEF5SE DE/ROYS ! TRUE CONT5T ( ,M>XIAN !ORY MORE EFFECTIVELY ?AN ! ATTACKS MADE BY ANY REVISIONI/4 ,NEV]!LESS ?IS WAS ! ONLY ANSW] GIV5 )9 ! LA/ ?IRTY YE>S BY TRADITIONAL ,M>XI/ 'OR?ODOXY' TO ! *>GES RAIS$ BY ! RE=MI/S ?AT ONE OR ANO!R P>T ( ,M>XISM WAS \T ( DATE4  

,= O!R REASONS !RE IS A T5D5CY = ! SPECIFIC *>ACT] ( ,M>XISM TO BE =GOTT5 BY ! CITIZ5S ( ! ,M>XI/ ,SOVIET ,/ATE TODAY :O EMPHASIZE ! G5]AL & UNIV]SAL VALIDITY ( ! FUNDAM5TAL ,M>XI/ PROPOSITIONS 9 ORD] TO CANONIZE ! DOCTR9ES UND]LY+ ! PRES5T CONSOLATION ( !IR /ATE4 ,?US1 ONE ( ! M9OR IDEOLOGICAL ( PRES5T-DAY ,/AL9ISM1 ,L ,RUDAS1 IS TRY+ TO CALL 9TO QUE/ION 9 ! NAME ( ,M>XISM ! HI/ORICAL PROGRESS :I* WAS WON BY ,M>X N9ETY YE>S AGO :5 HE ACCOMPLI%$ ! TRANSPOSITION 7,UM/UELPUNG7 ( ! ,HEGELIAN IDEALI/IC DIALECTIC 9TO HIS MAT]IALI/IC DIALECTIC4 ,ON ! BASIS ( A CITATION FROM ,L59 :I* WAS US$ 9 AN 5TIRELY DIFF]5T CONNECTION AGA9/ ! ME*ANI/IC MAT]IALISM ( ,BUKH>9 & :I* MEANS SOME?+ QUITE DIFF]5T FROM :AT ,RUDAS SAYS IT MEANS1 ! LATT] TRANS=MS ! HI/ORICAL CONTRADICTION BETWE5 'PRODUCTIVE =CES'1 & 'PRODUCTIVE RELATIONS' 9TO A 'SUPRA-HI/ORIC' PR9CIPLE :I* WILL /ILL APPLY 9 ! REMOTE FUTURE ( ! FULLY DEVELOP$ CLASSLESS SOCIETY4 ,9 ! !ORY ( ,M>X ?REE FUNDAM5TAL OPPOSITIONS >E GRASP$ AS ASPECTS ( ! CONCRETE HI/ORICAL UNITY ( ! PRACTICAL REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T4 ,!SE >E1 9 ECONOMICS1 ! CONTRADICTION BETWE5 'PRODUCTIVE =CES' & 'PRODUCTIVE RELATIONS'2 9 HI/ORY1 ! /RUGGLE BETWE5 SOCIAL CLASSES2 9 LOGICAL ?9K+1 ! OPPOSITION BETWE5 !SIS & ANTI!SIS4 ,( !SE ?REE EQUALLY HI/ORICAL ASPECTS ( ! REVOLUTION>Y PR9CIPLE REVEAL$ BY ,M>X 9 ! V]Y NATURE ( CAPITALI/ SOCIETY1 ,RUDAS1 9 HIS SUPRA-HI/ORICAL TRANSFIGURATION ( ! :OLLY HI/ORIC CONCEPTION ( ,M>X1 DROPS ! MIDDLE T]M1 REG>DS ! LIV+ CONVICT ( ! FI<T+ CLASSES AS A M]E 'EXPRESSION' OR RESULT ( A TRANSITORY HI/ORICAL =M ( ! UND]LY+ ESS5TIAL CONTRADICTION1 & RETA9S AS ! SOLE F\NDATION ( ! 'MAT]IALI/IC DIALECTIC'1 N[ 9FLAT$ 9TO AN ET]NAL LAW ( COSMIC DEVELOPM5T1 ! OPPOSITION BETWE5 'PRODUCTIVE =CES'1 & 'PRODUCTIVE RELATIONS'4 ,9 SO DO+ HE REA*ES ! ABSURD CONCLUSION ?AT 9 PRES5T-DAY ,SOVIET ECONOMY1 ! FUNDAM5TAL CONTRADICTION ( CAPITALI/ SOCIETY EXI/S 9 '9V]SE' =M4 ,9 ,RUSSIAN HE SAYS1 PRODUCTIVE =CES NO LONG] REBEL AGA9/ AX$ PRODUCTIVE RELATIONS BUT RA!R IT AS ! RELATIVE BACKW>DNESS ( ! PRODUCTIVE =CES 9 RELATION TO ! ALREADY A*IEV$ PRODUCTIVE RELATIONS :I* 'DRIVES =W>D ! ,SOVIET ,UNION 9 AN UNPREC$5TLY RAPID TEMPO ( DEVELOPM5T'4  

,! CONT5TION SET =? 9 MY $ITION ( ,M>X'S ,CAPITAL ?AT ALL ! PROPOSITIONS CONTA9$ 9 ?IS WORK1 & ESPECIALLY ?OSE CONC]N+ 'PRIMITIVE ACCUMULATION' AS TREAT$ 9 ! LA/ *APT] ( ! BOOK1 REPRES5T ONLY AN HI/ORICAL \TL9E ( ! RISE & DEVELOPM5T ( CAPITALISM 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE & %AVE UNIV]SAL VALIDITY BEYOND ?AT ONLY 9 ! SAME WAY 9 :I* EV]Y ?OR\< EMPIRICAL KN[L$GE ( NATURAL & HI/ORICAL =M APPLIES TO MORE ?AN ! 9DIVIDUAL CASE CONSID]$1 WAS UNANIM\SLY REJECT$ BY SPOKESM5 ( BO? FRACTIONS ( ,G]MAN & ,RUSSIAN OR?ODOX ,M>XISM4 ,AS A MATT] ( FACT1 ?IS CONT5TION ( M9E ONLY REPEATS & EMPHASIZES A PR9CIPLE :I* ,M>X HIMSELF FIFTY YE>S AGO HAD EXPLICITLY EXPRESS$ 9 SETT+ RI<T ! IDEALI/IC ,RUSSIAN SOCIOLOGI/1 ,MIKHAILOVSKY1 ON HIS MISCONCEPTION ( ! ME?OD ( ,CAPITAL4 ,IT IS1 9DE$1 A NECESS>Y IMPLICATION ( ! FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLE ( EMPIRICAL RESE>* :I* AT \R PRES5T TIME IS ONLY D5I$ BY SOME 9VET]ATE METAPHYSICIANS4 ,COMP>$ TO ! R5AISSANCE ( ?IS PSEUDO-PHILOSOPHICAL DIALECTIC 9 ! WRIT+S ( 'MOD]N' ,M>XI/S1 AS EXEMPLIFI$ 9 ,RUDAS1 H[ SOB]1 CLE> & DEF9ITE WAS ! /&PO9T ADOPT$ BY SU* OLD REVOLUTION>Y ,M>XI/S ,R ,LUXEMBURG1 & ,FRANZ ,MEHR+ :O SAW ?AT ! PR9CIPLE ( MAT]IALI/IC DIALECTIC AS EMBODI$ 9 ,M>XIAN ECONOMICS1 MEANS NO?+ MORE ?AN ! SPECIFY RELATION ( ALL ECONOMIC T]MS & PROPOSITIONS TO HI/ORICALLY DET]M9$ OBJECTS4  

,ALL ! HOTLY DISPUT$ QUE/IONS 9 ! FIELD ( HI/ORICAL MAT]IALISM - QUE/IONS :I* :5 PHRAS$ 9 !IR G5]AL =M >E JU/ AS 9SOLUBLE & JU/ AS MEAN+LESS AS ! WELL-KN[N S*OLA/IC DISPUTES AB\T ! PRIORITY ( ! H5 OR ! EGG - LOSE !IR MY/]I\S & /]ILE *>ACT] :5 !Y >E EXPRESS$ 9 A CONCRETE1 HI/ORICAL & SPECIFIC MANN]4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ,FR$]ICK ,5GELS 9 HIS WELL-KN[N LETT]S ON HI/ORICAL MAT]IALISM1 WRITT5 AFT] ! DEA? ( ,M>X1 \T ( UNDUE CONSID]ATION = ! CRITICISM ( ONE-SID$NESS LEVEL$ BY BURGEONS & W\LD-BE ,M>XI/ CRITICS AGA9/ ,M>X'S PROPOSITION ?AT '! ECONOMIC /RUCTURE ( SOCIETY CON/ITUTES ! REAL F\NDATION ON :I* RISE LEGAL & POLITICAL SUP]/RUCTURES & TO :I* CORRESPOND DEF9ITE =MS ( SOCIAL CONSCI\SNESS'1 ACTUALLY MODIFI$ ,M>X'S DOCTR9E4 ,HE UNWISELY CONC$$ ?AT TO A L>GE EXT5T SO-CALL$ 'REACTIONS' 7,RUCKWURKUNG57 MI<T TAKE PLACE BETWE5 ! SUP]/RUCTURE & ! BASIS1 BETWE5 IDEOLOGICAL DEVELOPM5T & ECONOMIC & POLITICAL DEVELOPM5T1 !REBY 9TRODUC+ COMPLETELY UNNECESS>Y CONFUSION 9TO ! F\NDATIONS ( ! NEW REVOLUTION>Y PR9CIPLE4 ,= )\T AN EXACT QUANTITATIVE DET]M9ATION ( 'H[ MU*' ACTION & REACTION TAKES PLACE1 )\T AN EXACT 9DICATION ( ! CONDITIONS UND] :I* ONE OR ! O!R OCCURS1 ! :OLE ,M>XIAN !ORY ( HI/ORICAL DEVELOPM5T ( SOCIETY1 AS 9T]PRET$ BY ,5GELS1 BECOMES USELESS EV5 AS A WORK+ HYPO!SIS4 ,AS /AT$1 IT AF=DS NOT ! SLI<TE/ CLUE AS TO :E!R ONE IS TO SEEK = ! CAUSE ( ANY *ANGE 9 SOCIAL LIFE 9 ! ACTION 7,WIRKUNG7 ( ! BASE UPON ! SUP]/RUCTURE OR 9 ! REACTION 7,RUCKWIRKUNG7 ( ! SUP]/RUCTURE UPON ! BASE4 ,& ! LOGIC ( ! MATT] IS NOT AFFECT$ BY SU* V]BAL EVASIONS AS 'PRIM>Y' & 'SECOND>Y' FACTORS1 OR BY ! CLASSIFICATION ( CAUSES 9TO 'PROXIMATE'1 'M$IATE'1 & 'ULTIMATE'1 IE ?OSE :I* PROVE DECISIVE '9 ! LA/ ANALYSIS'4 ,! 5TIRE PROBLEM DISAPPE>S JU/ AS SOON AS WE SUB/ITUTE = ! G5]AL QUE/ION ( ! ELECT ( 'ECONOMICS AS SU*'1 UPON 'POLITICS AS SU*'1 OR 'LAW1 >T & CULTURE AS SU*'1 & VICE V]SA1 A DETAIL$ DESCRIPTION ( ! DESPITE RELATIONS :I* EXI/ BETWE5 DEF9ITE ECONOMIC PH5OM5A ON A DESPITE HI/ORICAL LEVEL ( DEVELOPM5T & DESPITE PH5OM5A :I* APPE> SIMULTANE\SLY OR SUBSEQU5TLY EV]Y O!R SOLD ( POLITICAL1 JURI/IC & 9TELLECTUAL DEVELOPM5T4  

,ACCORD+ TO ,M>X1 ?IS IS ! WAY 9 :I* ! PROBLEM IS TO BE SETTL$4 ,HIS PO/HUM\SLY PUBLI%$ \TL9E ( A G5]AL 9TRODUCTION TO HIS ,CRITIQUE ( ,POLITICAL ,ECONOMY - DESPITE ITS SKET*9ESS - IS A CLE> & HI<LY SIGNIFICANT /ATEM5T ( ! :OLE COMPLEX ( PROBLEMS4 ,MO/ ( ! OBJECTIONS RAIS$ LAT] AGA9/ HIS MAT]IALI/IC PR9CIPLE >E ANTICIPAT$ & ANSW]$4 ,?IS IS P>TICUL>LY TRUE ( ! V]Y SUBTLE PROBLEM ( ! FUN]EAL RELATION BETWE5 ! DEVELOPM5T ( MAT]IAL PRODUCTION & >TI/IC CREATION :I* IS EVID5C$ 9 ! WELL-KN[N FACT ?AT 'C]TA9 P]IODS ( ! HI<E/ DEVELOPM5T ( AN /& 9 NO DIRECT RELATION TO ! G5]AL DEVELOPM5T ( SOCIETY NOR TO ! MAT]IAL BASIS ( ITS ORGANIZATION'4 ,M>X %[S ! TWO-FOLD RESPECT 9 :I* ?IS UNEQUAL DEVELOPM5T TAKES DESPITE HI/ORICAL =M - '! RELATION%IP BETWE5 DIFF]5T =MS ( >T )9 ! DOMA9S ( >T ITSELF' AS WELL AS ! 'RELATION%IPS BETWE5 ! :OLE FIELD ( >T & ! :OLE ( SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T'4 ,! DIFFICULTY CONSI/S ONLY 9 ! G5]AL WAY !SE CONTRADICTIONS >E EXPRESS$4 ,JU/ AS SOON AS !Y >E MADE SPECIFIC & CONCRETE1 !Y >E !RE) CL>IFI$4 
,TWO 

,AS HOTLY DISPUT$ AS MY CONT5TION CONC]N+ ! SPECIFIC1 HI/ORICAL & CONCRETE *>ACT] ( ALL PROPOSITIONS1 LAWS & PR9CIPLES ( ,M>XIAN !ORY1 9CLUD+ ?OSE ?AT >E APP>5TLY UNIV]SAL1 IS MY SECOND CONT5TION ?AT ,M>XISM IS ESS5TIALLY CRITICAL1 NOT POSITIVE4 ,! ,M>XIAN !ORY CON/ITUTES NEI!R A POSITIVE MAT]IALI/IC PHILOSOPHY NOR A POSITIVE SCI5CE4 ,FROM BEG9N+ TO 5D1 IT IS A !ORETICAL AS WELL AS A PRACTICAL CRITIQUE ( EXI/+ SOCIETY4 ,( C\RSE ! WORD 'CRITIQUE' 7,KRITIK7 MU/ BE UND]/OOD 9 ! COMPREH5SIVE & YET PRECISE S5SE 9 :I* IT WAS US$ 9 ! PRE-REVOLUTION>Y =TIES ( ! LA/ C5TURY BY ALL LEFT ,HEGELIANS1 9CLUD+ ,M>X & ,5GELS4 ,IT MU/ NOT BE CONFUS$ ) ! CONNOTATION ( ! CONTEMPOR>Y T]M 'CRITICISM'4 ',CRITIQUE' IS TO BE UND]/OOD NOT 9 A M]ELY IDEALI/IC S5SE BUT AS A MAT]IALI/IC CRITIQUE4 ,IT 9CLUDES FROM ! PO9T ( VIEW ( ! OBJECT AN EMPIRICAL 9VE/IGATION1 'CONDUCT$ ) ! PRECISION ( NATURAL SCI5CE'1 ( ALL ITS RELATIONS & DEVELOPM5T1 & FROM ! PO9T ( VIEW ( ! SUBJECT AN ACC\NT1 ( H[ ! IMPOT5T WI%ES1 9TUITIONS & DEM&S ( 9DIVIDUAL SUBJECTS DEVELOP 9TO AN HI/ORICALLY EFFECTIVE CLASS P[] LEAD+ TO 'REVOLUTION>Y PRACTICE' 7PRAXIS74 ,?IS CRITICAL T5D5CY :I* PLAYS SU* A PR$OM9ANT ROLE 9 ALL ( ! WRIT+S ( ,M>X & ,5GELS UP TO #ahdh IS /ILL ALIVE 9 ! LAT] PHASES ( DEVELOPM5T ( ,M>XIAN !ORY4 ,! ECONOMIC WORK ( !IR LAT] P]IOD IS MU* MORE CLOSELY RELAT$ TO !IR PREVI\S PHILOSOPHICAL & SOCIOLOGICAL WRIT+S ?AN OR?ODOX ,M>XI/ ECONOMI/S >E 9CL9$ TO ADMIT1 ,?IS APPE>S FROM ! V]Y TITLES ( !IR LAT] & E>LI] BOOKS4 ,! FIR/ MOM5T\S WORK :I* WAS UND]TAK5 BY BO? FRI5DS 9 COMMON AS E>LY AS #ahdf TO PRES5T ! OPPOSITION ( !IR POLITICAL & PHILOSOPHICAL VIEWS TO ?OSE ( CONTEMPOR>Y LEFT- ,HEGELIAN IDEALISM1 C>RI$ ! TITLE ,CRITIQUE ( ,G]MAN ,IDEOLOGY4 ,& 9 #a#h#e#i1 :5 ,M>X PUBLI%$ ! FIR/ P>T ( HIS PLANN$ COMPREH5SIVE ECONOMIC WORK1 AS IF TO EMPHASIZE ITS CRITICAL *>ACT]1 HE 5TITL$ IT ,A ,CRITIQUE ( ,POLITICAL ,ECONOMY4 ,?IS WAS RETA9$ AS A SUBTITLE ( HIS *IEF WORK1 ,CAPITAL1 ,A ,CRITIQUE ( ,POLITICAL ,ECONOMY4 ,LATT] DAY 'OR?ODOX' ,M>XI/S EI!R =GOT OR D5I$ ! SUPREMACY ( ! CRITICAL T5D5CY 9 ,M>XISM4 ,AT BE/ !Y REG>D$ IT AS ( PURELY EXTR9SIC SIGNIFICANCE & QUITE IRRELEVANT TO ! 'SCI5TIFIC' *>ACT] ( ! ,M>XI/ PROPOSITIONS ESPECIALLY 9 ! FIELD :I* ACCORD+ TO !M WAS ! BASIC SCI5CE ( ,M>XISM1 VIZ41 ECONOMICS4  

,! CRASSE/ EXPRESSION :I* ?IS REVISION TOOK IS TO BE F\ND 9 ! WELL KN[N ,F9ANZKAPITAL ( ! ,AU/RIAN ,M>XI/1 ,RUDOLF ,HILF]D+ :I* DEALS ) ! ECONOMIC !ORY ( ,M>XISM AS A M]E PHASE 9 ! UNBROK5 CONT9UITY ( ECONOMIC !ORY1 5TIRELY SEP>AT$ FROM4 ! ,SOCIALI/ AIMS &1 9DE$1 ) NO IMPLICATIONS = PRACTICE4 ,AFT] HAV+ =MALLY /AT$ ?AT ! ECONOMIC AS WELL AS ! POLITICAL !ORY ( ,M>XISM IS 'FREE FROM JUDGM5TS ( VALUE'1 ! AU?OR PO9TS \T ?AT 'IT IS1 !RE=E1 FALSE TO CONCEIVE1 AS IS WIDELY DONE1 9TRA ET EXTRA MUROS1 ?AT ,M>XISM & ,SOCIALISM >E AS SU* ID5TICAL4 ,= LOGICALLY1 REG>D$ AS A SCI5TIFIC SY/EM & AP>T FROM ITS HI/ORICAL ELECT1 ,M>XISM IS ONLY A !ORY ( ! LAWS ( MOVEM5T ( SOCIETY =MULAT$ 9 G5]AL T]MS BY ! ,M>XIAN CONCEPTION ( HI/ORY1 ! ,M>XIAN ECONOMICS APPLY+ 9 P>TICUL> TO ! P]IOD ( COMMODITY- PRODUC+ SOCIETY4 ,BUT 9SI<T 9TO ! VALIDITY ( ,M>XISM :I* 9CLUDES 9SI<T 9TO ! NECESSITY ( ,SOCIALISM IS BY NO MEANS A MATT] ( VALUE JUDGM5TS & JU/ AS LITTLE AN 9DICATION TO PRACTICAL PROC$URE4 ,= IT IS ONE ?+ TO RECOGNIZE A NECESSITY1 & ANO!R ?+ TO WORK = ?IS NECESSITY4 ,IT IS QUITE POSSIBLE = SOMEONE CONV9C$ ( ! F9AL VICTORY ( ,SOCIALISM TO FI<T AGA9/ IT4 

,IT IS TRUE ?AT ?IS SUP]FICIAL PSEUDO-SCI5TIFIC 9T]PRETATION ( OR?ODOX ,M>XISM HAS BE5 OPPOS$ MORE OR LESS ELECTIVELY BY CONTEMPOR>Y ,M>XIAN !ORIES4 ,:ILE 9 ,G]MANY ! CRITICAL1 IE REVOLUTION>Y1 PR9CIPLE ( ,M>XISM WAS OP5LY ATTACK$ BY ! ,B]N/E9 REVISIONI/S & ONLY HALF-HE>T$LY DEF5D$ BY SU* 'OR?ODOXI/S' AS ,KAUTSKY & ,HILF]D+1 9 ,FRANCE ! %ORT-LIV$ MOVEM5T ( ',REVOLUTION>Y ,SYNDICALISM'1 AS EXP\ND$ BY ,GEORGES ,SOREL1 TRI$ H>D TO REVIVE JU/ ?IS ASPECT ( ,M>XIAN ?\<T AS ONE ( ! BASIC ELEM5TS ( A NEW REVOLUTION>Y !ORY ( PROLET>IAN CLASS W>4 ,& A MORE ELECTIVE /EP 9 ! SAME DIRECTION WAS TAK5 BY ,L59 :O APPLI$ ! REVOLUTION>Y PR9CIPLE ( ,M>XISM TO ! PRACTICE ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 & AT ! SAME TIME A*IEV$ A H>DLY LESS IMPORTANT RESULT )9 ! !ORETICAL HELD BY RE/OR+ SOME ( ! MO/ P[]FUL REVOLUTION>Y TEA*+S ( ,M>X4  

,BUT NEI!R ,SOREL1 ! ,SYNDICALI/1 NOR ,L591 ! ,COMMUNI/1 UTILIZ$ ! FULL =CE & IMPACT ( ! ORIG9AL ,M>XIAN 'CRITIQUE'4 ,SOREL'S IRRATIONALITY DEVICE BY :I* HE TRANS=M$ SEV]AL IMPORTANT ,M>XIAN DOCTR9ES 9TO 'MY?S'1 DESPITE HIS 9T5TIONS1 L$ TO A K9D ( 'DEBUNK+' ( !SE DOCTR9ES 9 SO F> AS !IR PRACTICAL BE>+ UPON ! REVOLUTION>Y PROLET>IAN CLASS-/RUGGLE WAS CONC]N$1 & IDEOLOGICALLY PREP>$ ! WAY = ! ,FASCISM ( ,MUSSOL9I4 ,L59'S SOME:AT CRUDE DIVISION ( ! PROPOSITIONS ( PHILOSOPHY1 ECONOMICS1 ETC 9TO ?OSE :I* >E 'USEFUL1 OR 'H>MFUL' TO ! PROLET>IAT 7A RESULT ( HIS TOO EXCLUSIVE CONC]N ) ! IMM$IATE PRES5T ELECTS ( ACCEPT+ OR D5Y+ !M1 & HIS TOO LITTLE CONSID]ATION ( !IR POSSIBLE FUTURE & ULTIMATE EFFECTS7 9TRODUC$ ?AT COAGULATION ( ,M>XI/ !ORY1 ?AT DECL9E &1 9 P>T1 A DI/ORTION ( REVOLUTION>Y ,M>XISM1 :I* R5D]S IT V]Y DIFFICULT = PRES5T-DAY ,SOVIET-,M>XISM TO MAKE ANY HEADWAY \TSIDE ! B\ND>IES ( ITS [N AU?ORIT>IAN DOMA94 ,AS A MATT] ( FACT ! REVOLUTION>Y PROLET>IAT CANNOT1 9 ITS PRACTICAL FI<T1 DISP5SE ) ! DI/9CTION BETWE5 TRUE & FALSE SCI5TI/ PROPOSITIONS4 ,JU/ AS ! CAPITALI/ AS A PRACTICAL MAN1 '?\< HE DOES NOT ALWAYS CONSID] :AT HE SAYS \TSIDE ( HIS BUS9ESS YET 9 HIS BUS9ESS KN[S :AT HE IS AB\T' 7,M>X71 & JU/ AS ! TE*NICIAN 9 CON/RUCT+ AN 5G9E MU/ HAVE EXACT KN[L$GE ( AT LEA/ SOME PHYSICAL LAWS1 SO MU/ ! PROLET>IAT POSSESS A SUFFICI5TLY TRUE KN[L$GE 9 ECONOMIC1 POLITICAL & O!R OBJECTIVE MATT]S 9 ORD] TO C>RY ! REVOLUTION>Y CLASS /RUGGLE TO A SUCCESSFUL CONSUMMATION4 ,9 ?IS S5SE & )9 !SE LIMITS ! CRITICAL PR9CIPLE ( MAT]IALI/IC1 REVOLUTION>Y ,M>XISM 9CLUDES /RICT1 EMPIRICALLY V]IFIABLE KN[L$GE 'M>K$ BY ALL ! PRECISION ( NATURAL SCI5CE'1 ( ! ECONOMIC LAWS ( ! MOVEM5T @& DEVELOPM5T ( CAPITALI/ SOCIETY @& ! PROLET>IAN CLASS /RUGGLE4  
,?REE  

,M>XI/ '!ORY' DOES NOT /RIVE TO A*IEVE OBJECTIVE KN[L$GE ( REALITY \T ( AN 9DEP5D5T1 !ORETICAL 9T]E/4 ,IT IS DRIV5 TO ACQUIRE ?IS KN[L$GE BY ! PRACTICAL NECESSITIES ( /RUGGLE1 & CAN NEGLECT IT ONLY BY RUNN+ ! HEAVY RISK ( FAIL+ TO A*IEVE ITS GOAL1 AT ! PRICE ( ! DEFEAT & ECLIPSE ( ! PROLET>IAN MOVEM5T :I* IT REPRES5TS4 ,& JU/ BECAUSE IT NEV] LOSES SI<T ( ITS PRACTICAL PURPOSE1 IT ES*EWS EV]Y ATTEMPT TO =CE ALL EXP]I5CE 9TO ! DESIGN ( A MONI/IC CON/RUCTION ( ! UNIV]SE 9 ORD] TO BUILD A UNIT$ SY/EM ( KN[L$GE4 ,M>XI/ !ORY IS NOT 9T]E/$ 9 EV]Y?+1 NOR IS IT 9T]E/$ TO ! SAME DEGREE 9 ALL ! OBJECTS ( ITS 9T]E/S4 ,ITS ONLY CONC]N IS ) ?OSE ?+S :I* HAVE SOME BE>+ UPON ITS OBJECTIVES1 & ) EV]Y?+ & EV]Y ASPECT ( EV]Y- ?+ ! MORE SO AS ?IS P>TICUL> ?+ OR ?IS P>TICUL> ASPECT ( A ?+ IS RELAT$ TO ITS PRACTICAL PURPOSES4  

,M>XISM1 NOT)/&+ ITS UNQUE/ION$ ACCEPTANCE ( ! G5ETIC PRIORITY 7PRIORITAT7 ( EXT]NAL NATURE TO ALL HI/ORICAL & HUMAN EV5TS1 IS PRIM>ILY 9T]E/$ ONLY 9 ! PH5OM5A & 9T]RELATIONS ( HI/ORICAL & SOCIAL LIFE4 ,?AT IS TO SAY1 IT IS PRIM>ILY 9T]E/$ ONLY 9 :AT1 RELATIVE TO ! DIM5SIONS ( COSMIC DEVELOPM5T1 OCCURS )9 A %ORT P]IOD ( TIME & 9 :OSE DEVELOPM5T IT CAN 5T] AS A PRACTICAL1 9FLU5TIAL =CE4 ,! FAILURE TO SEE ?IS ON ! P>T ( C]TA9 OR?ODOX ,COMMUNI/ P>TY ,M>XI/S ACC\NTS = !IR /R5U\S ATTEMPTS TO CLAIM ! SAME SUP]IORITY UND\BT$LY POSSESS$ BY ,M>XIAN !ORY 9 ! FIELD ( SOCIOLOGY1 = ?OSE RA!R PRIMITIVE & BACKW>D OP9IONS :I* TO ?IS V]Y DAY >E RETA9$ BY ,M>XIAN !ORI/S 9 ! HELD ( NATURAL SCI5CE4 ,BY !SE UNNECESS>Y 5CROA*M5TS ! ,M>XIAN !ORY IS EXPOS$ TO ?AT WELL-KN[N CONTEMPT :I* IS BE/[$ ON ITS 'SCI5TIFIC' *>ACT] EV5 BY ?OSE CONTEMPOR>Y NATURAL SCI5TI/S :O AS A :OLE >E NOT UNFRI5DLY TO ,SOCIALISM4 ,H[EV]1 A LESS 'PHILOSOPHICAL' & MORE PROGRESSIVE SCI5TIFIC 9T]PRETATION ( ! V]Y CONCEPT ( ! ,M>XIAN 'SYN!SIS ( SCI5CES' HAS JU/ BEGUN TO MANIFE/ ITSELF AMONG ! MORE 9TELLIG5T & RESPONSIBLE REPRES5TATIVES ( ! CONTEMPOR>Y ,L59I/-,M>XI/ !ORY ( SCI5CES :OSE UTT]ANCES >E AB\T AS DIFF]5T FROM ?OSE ( ,RUDAS & ,CO AS ! UTT]ANCES ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T >E FROM ?OSE ( ! NON-,RUSSIAN SECTIONS ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,?US1 = EXAMPLE1 ,PR(ESSOR ,V ,ASMUS 9 HIS PROGRAMMATIC >TICLE EMPHASIZES ?AT 9 ADDITION TO ! 'OBJECTIVE & ME?ODOLOGICAL COMMUNITY' ( HI/ORY & NATURAL SCI5CES !RE EXI/S AT ! SAME TIME ! 'PECULI>ITY ( ! SOCIAL-HI/ORICAL SCI5CES :I* DO NOT ALL[ 9 PR9CIPLE ! ID5TIFICATION ( !IR PROBLEMS & ME?ODS ) ?OSE ( ! NATURAL SCI5CES'4  

,EV5 )9 ! SPH]E ( HI/ORICAL-SOCIAL ACTIVITY1 ,M>XI/ RESE>* IS 9 ! MA9 9T]E/$ ONLY 9 ! P>TICUL> MODE ( PRODUCTION UND]LY+ ! PRES5T EPO* ( 'SOCIAL-ECONOMIC =MATION' 7OKONOMIS*E ,GESELLS*ATS=MATION71 IE ! SY/EM ( CAPITALI/ COMMODITY-PRODUCTION AS ! BASIS ( ! MOD]N 'B\RGEOIS SOCIETY' 7BURG]LI*E ,GESELLS*AFT7 REG>D$ 9 ! PROCESS ( ITS ACTUAL HI/ORICAL DEVELOPM5T4 ,9 ITS 9QUIRY 9TO ?IS SPECIFIC SOCIOLOGICAL SY/EM IT PROCE$S1 ON ! ONE H&1 MORE ?OR\<LY ?AN ANY O!R SOCIOLOGICAL !ORY 9 ?AT IT CONC]NS ITSELF PREF]ABLY ) ECONOMIC F\NDATIONS4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 IT DOES NOT CONC]N ITSELF ) ALL ( ! ECONOMICAL & SOCIOLOGICAL ASPECTS ( B\RGEOIS SOCIETY EQUALLY4 ,IT PAYS P>TICUL> ATT5TION TO ! DISCREPANCIES1 FLAWS1 %ORTCOM+S1 & MALADJU/M5TS 9 ITS /RUCTURE4 ,IT IS NOT ! SO-CALL$ NORMAL FUNCTION+ ( B\RGEOIS SOCIETY :I* CONC]NS ,M>XISM BUT RA!R :AT APPE>S 9 ITS EYES AS ! REALLY NORMAL SITUATION ( ?IS P>TICUL> SOCIAL SY/EM1 VIZ ! CRISIS4 ,! ,M>XIAN CRITIQUE ( B\RGEOIS ECONOMY & ( ! SOCIAL SY/EM BAS$ UPON IT CULM9ATES 9 A CRITICAL ANALYSIS ( ITS ,KRIS5HAFTIGKEIT1 ?AT IS TO SAY ( ! EV]-GR[+ T5D5CY ( ! CAPITALI/ MODE ( PRODUCTION TO ASSUME ALL ! *>ACT]I/ICS ( ACTUAL CRISIS EV5 )9 ! ASC5DANT OR RECOV]Y PHASES1 9DE$1 ?R\< ALL ! PHASES ( ! P]IODIC CYCLE ?R\< :I* MOD]N 9DU/RY RUNS1 & :OSE CR[N+ PO9T IS ! UNIV]SAL CRISIS4 ,AN A/ONI%+ BL9DNESS TO ?IS BASIC ORI5TATION ( ,M>XI/ ECONOMICS :I* IS SO CLE>LY EXPRESS$ EV]Y:]E 9 ,M>X'S WRIT+S1 HAS L$ SOME REC5T ,5GLI% ,M>XI/S TO DISCOV] A 'LACUNA ( SOME IMPORTANCE' 9 ,M>X'S WORK1 9 HIS FAILURE TO E/ABLI% ! ECONOMIC NECESSITY ( RECOV]Y FROM CRISES AFT] HE HAD DEMON/RAT$ ! NECESSITY ( !IR RISE4  

,EV5 9 ! NON-ECONOMIC SPH]ES ( POLITICAL SUP]/RUCTURE & G5]AL IDEOLOGY ( MOD]N SOCIETY1 ,M>XI/ !ORY CONC]NS ITSELF PRIM>ILY ) OBS]VABLE RIFTS & ASSURES1 ! /RA9$ SPLITT+ PO9TS :I* REVEAL TO ! REVOLUTION>Y PROLET>IAT ?OSE CRUCIAL PLACES 9 ! SOCIAL /RUCTURE :]E ITS [N PRACTICAL ACTIVITY CAN BE MO/ EFFECTIVELY APPLI$4  

,9 \R DAY EV]Y?+ APPE>S TO BE PREGNANT ) ITS OPPOSITE4 ,MA*9]Y :I* IS 5D[$ ) ! MO/ REM>KABLE R[]S TO %ORT5 HUMAN LABOR & R5D] IT MORE PRODUCTIVE HAS PRODUC$ 9/EAD HUNG] & OV]WORK4 ,! NEW SPR+S ( WEAL? HAVE BECOME TRANS=M$ BY A PECULI> MAGIC =MULA ( DE/9Y 9TO S\RCES ( POV]TY4 ,! CONQUE/S ( ! >TS SEEM TO BE WON AT ! PRICE ( LOSS ( *>ACT]4 ,TO ! EXT5T ?AT MAN CONTROLS NATURE HE SEEMS TO BE CONTROLL$ BY O!R M5 OR BY HIS [N MEANNESS4 ,EV5 ! PURE LI<T ( SCI5CE CAN APP>5TLY ONLY %9E AGA9/ ! D>K BACKGR\ND ( IGNORANCE4 ,ALL \R DISCOV]IES & PROGRESS SEEM TO HAVE HAD NO O!R CONSEQU5CES ?AN TO 5D[ MAT]IAL =CES ) SPIRITUAL LIFE & TO BRUTALIZE HUMAN LIFE 9TO A MAT]IAL =CE4 ,?IS OPPOSITION BETWE5 MOD]N 9DU/RY & SCI5CE ON ! ONE H&1 & MOD]N POV]TY & DECAY ON ! O!R1 ?IS OPPOSITION BETWE5 ! PRODUCTIVE =CES & ! SOCIAL RELATIONS ( \R TIME IS AN OBVI\S1 OV]:ELM+1 UND5IABLE FACT4 ,SOME P>TIES MAY LAM5T IT1 O!RS MAY WI% TO GET RID ( MOD]N PR(ICI5CY & !RE) ( ITS CONFLICTS4 ,OR !Y MAY BELIEVE ?AT SU* A REM>KABLE PROGRESS 9 9DU/RY DEM&S = ITS COMPLETION JU/ AS REM>KABLE A RETROGRESSION 9 POLITICS4' 7,M>X1 ,SPEE* AT #d? ,ANNUAL CELEBRATION ( ! ,*>TI/ ,PEOPLE'S ,PAP]7  
,F\R  

,! SPECIFIC FEATURES ( ,M>XISM SO F> DISCUSS$1 TOGE!R ) ! PRACTICAL PR9CIPLE1 IMPLI$ 9 ALL ( !M1 :I* COMM&S ! ,M>XI/S TO SUBORD9ATE ALL !ORETICAL KN[L$GE TO ! 5D ( REVOLUTION>Y ACTION1 PROVIDE ! FUNDAM5TAL *>ACT]S ( ! ,M>XIAN MAT]IALI/IC DIALECTIC ON ! BASIS ( :I* IT DI/+UI%ES ITSELF FROM ! IDEALI/IC DIALECTIC ( ,HEGEL4 ,! DIALECTIC ( ,HEGEL1 ! B\RGEOIS PHILOSOPH] ( ! RE/ORATION1 WORK$ \T TO ITS F9E/ DETAILS BY HIM AS AN 9/RUM5T ( JU/IFICATION = ! EXI/+ ORD] ) A MOD]ATE ALL[ANCE = A POSSIBLE 'REASONABLE' PROGRESS1 WAS MAT]IALI/ICALLY TRANS=M$ BY ,M>X AFT] C>EFUL CRITICAL ANALYSIS 9TO A !ORY1 REVOLUTION>Y NOT ONLY 9 CONT5T BUT ALSO 9 ME?OD4 ,AS TRANS=M$ & APPLI$ BY ,M>X1 DIALECTIC PROV$ ?AT ! 'REASONABL5ESS' ( EXI/+ REALITY ASS]T$ BY ,HEGEL ON IDEALI/IC GR\NDS HAD ONLY A TRANSITORY RATIONALITY1 :I* 9 ! C\RSE ( ITS DEVELOPM5T NECESS>ILY RESULT$ 9 'UNREASONABL5ESS'4 ,?IS UNREASONABLE /ATE ( SOCIETY WILL 9 DUE C\RSE BE :OLLY DE/ROY$ BY ! NEW PROLET>IAN CLASS :I*1 BY MAK+ ! !ORY ITS [N & US+ IT AS A WEAPON ( ITS 'REVOLUTION>Y PRACTICE'1 IS ATTACK+ 'CAPITALI/IC UNREASON' AT ITS ROOT4 ,BECAUSE ( ?IS FUNDAM5TAL *ANGE 9 ITS *>ACT] & APPLICATION1 ,M>XIAN DIALECTIC :I*1 AS ,M>X JU/LY PO9TS \T1 9 ITS 'MY/IFI$' ,HEGELIAN =M HAD BECOME FA%IONABLE AMONG B\RGEOIS PHILOSOPH]S1 HAS N[ BECOME A SC&AL & ABOM9ATION TO B\RGEOISDOM & ITS DOCTR9AIRE PR(ESSORS1 = 'IT 9CLUDES 9 ITS COMPREH5SION & AFFIRMATIVE RECOGNITION ( ! EXI/+ /ATE ( ?+S1 AT ! SAME TIME ALSO1 ! RECOGNITION ( ! NEGATION ( ?AT /ATE1 ( ITS 9EVITABLE BREAK+-UP2 IT REG>DS EV]Y HI/ORICALLY DEVELOP$ SOCIAL =M AS 9 QUID MOVEM5T & !RE=E TAKES 9TO ACC\NT ITS TRANSI5T NATURE NOT LESS ?AN ITS MOM5T>Y EXI/5CE2 IT LETS NO?+ IMPOSE UPON IT1 & IS 9 ITS ESS5CE CRITICAL & REVOLUTION>Y'4  

,JU/ AS ALL ! P>TICUL> CRITICAL1 ACTIVI/IC1 & REVOLUTION>Y ASPECTS ( ,M>XISM HAVE BE5 OV]LOOK$ BY MO/ ,M>XI/S1 SO IT HAS BE5 ) ! :OLE *>ACT] ( ! ,M>XIAN MAT]IALI/IC DIALECTIC4 ,EV5 ! BE/ AMONG !M HAVE ONLY P>TIALLY RE/OR$ ITS CRITICAL & REVOLUTION>Y PR9CIPAL4 ,9 ! FACE ( ! UNIV]SALITY & ?OR\<NESS ( ! PRES5T WORLD CRISIS & ( ! 9CREAS+LY %>P] PROLET>IAN CLASS /RUGGLES :I* SURPASS 9 9T5SITY & EXT5T1 ALL CONVICTS ( ! E>LI] PHASES ( CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T1 \R TASK TODAY IS TO GIVE \R REVOLUTION>Y ,M>XIAN !ORY CORRESPOND+ =M & EXPRESSION1 & !RE) TO EXT5D & ACTUALIZE ! REVOLUTION>Y PROLET>IAN FI<T4  

,LONDON1 ,OCTOB] #a1 #aicd  

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,M>* #a1 #bba 3 ,:Y ,I AM A ,M>XI/ -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #h1 #bbb 3 ,:Y ,I AM A ,M>XI/ -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/