,:O ,BECOMES ,AN ,ANTI-,AU?ORIT>IAN8 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,BRUCE ,E4 ,LEV9E 

,TEXT 3 

,LYNDON ,JOHNSON FAM\SLY PROCLAIM$ HIS REQUIREM5TS = AN APPO9TEE3 0,I WANT HIM TO KISS MY ASS 9 ,MACY'S W9D[ AT HI< NOON & TELL ME IT SMELLS LIKE ROSES40 ,JOHNSON & HIS ASS-KISS]S W]E AU?ORIT>IANS4 

,AU?ORIT>IAN IS R\T9ELY DEF9$ AS 0FAVOR+ BL9D SUBMISSION TO AU?ORITY40 ,AU?ORIT>IANS ) P[] DEM& UNQUE/ION+ OB$I5CE FROM ?OSE ) L[] RANK1 & AU?ORIT>IAN SUBORD9ATES COMPLY ) ALL DEM&S ( AU?ORITIES4 

,9 CONTRA/1 ANTI-AU?ORIT>IANS REJECT--= !MSELVES & = O!RS--AN UNQUE/ION+ OB$I5CE TO AU?ORITY1 & !Y *ALL5GE & RESI/ ILLEGITIMATE AU?ORITIES4 ,ANTI-AU?ORIT>IANS--9CLUD+ SOME WELL-KN[N AN>*I/S--DON'T NECESS>ILY REJECT ALL AU?ORITY4 

,ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN AN>*I/ ,NOAM ,*OMSKY (F]S ?IS EXAMPLE ( A JU/IFI$ AU?ORITY3 AN ADULT :O /OPS A FIVE-YE> OLD FROM RUNN+ \T 9 A /REET & GETT+ HIT BY A C>4 ,H[EV]1 ,*OMSKY ADDS ?AT AU?ORITIES (T5 HAVE NO MORAL JU/IFICATION BUT >E 0JU/ !RE 9 ORD] TO PRES]VE C]TA9 /RUCTURES ( P[] & DOM9ATION0--& >E ILLEGITIMATE AU?ORITIES TO BE RESI/$4 

,!RE IS A CONT9UUM FROM EXTREME AU?ORIT>IANISM TO EXTREME ANTI-AU?ORIT>IANISM1 & AT DIFF]5T PO9TS 9 PEOPLE'S LIVES & UND] DIFF]5T CIRCUM/ANCES1 PEOPLE MAY BE AT DIFF]5T PO9TS ON ?IS CONT9UUM4 ,SOME ANTI-AU?ORIT>IANS EVID5CE REBELLI\SNESS E>LY 9 LIFE1 :ILE O!RS ONLY LAT] 9 LIFE BEG9 TO RESI/ ILLEGITIMATE AU?ORITY4 ,ANTI-AU?ORIT>IANS EXI/ 9 ALL WALKS ( LIFE & COME 9 ALL K9DS ( TEMP]AM5TS4 ,TO ILLU/RATE ?IS DIV]SITY1 ,I PR(ILE TW5TY FAM\S ,U4,S4 ANTI-AU?ORIT>IANS 9 ,RESI/+ ,ILLEGITIMATE ,AU?ORITY4 

,FROM MY /UDY ( FAM\S ANTI-AU?ORIT>IANS AS WELL AS FROM MY EXP]I5CE ) MANY MORE NON-FAM\S ANTI-AU?ORIT>IANS1 ,I SEE LIMIT$ VALUE 9 R$UCTIONI/ EXPLANATIONS = AU?ORIT>IANISM & ANTI-AU?ORIT>IANISM4 ,SO1 = EXAMPLE1 :ILE SOME PEOPLE COMPLY ) OPPRESSIVE FAMILIES & BECOME AU?ORIT>IANS1 O!R REBEL AGA9/ !M & BECOME ANTI-AU?ORIT>IANS4 

,! AN>*I/ ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN IS ONE EXAMPLE ( JU/ SU* REBELLION FROM AN OPPRESSIVE FAMILY4 ,H] FA!R W\LD REGUL>LY BEAT HIS *ILDR5 = DISOBEY+ HIM1 & ! REBELLI\S ,EMMA W\LD GET BEAT5 ! MO/4 ,H] 9T]E/ 9 BOYS PROVOK$ RAGE 9 H] FA!R1 AS %E REC\NT$1 0,HE P\ND$ ME ) HIS FI/S1 %\T$ ?AT HE W\LD NOT TOL]ATE A LOOSE DAU<T]10 BUT %E DISOBEY$ H] FA!R4 

,F9ALLY1 A TE5AGE ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN ?REAT5$ TO COMMIT SUICIDE IF H] FA!R W\LD NOT ALL[ H] IMMIGRATE TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 & H] /RATEGY WORK$4 ,ULTIMATELY1 9 ADDITION H] FA!R1 ,GOLDMAN W\LD *ALL5GE A L5G?Y LI/ ( AU?ORITIES :OM %E ASSESS$ TO BE ILLEGITIMATE3 H] TEA*]S1 H] FIR/ AN>*I/ M5TOR1 POLICE1 ! ,U4,S4 GOV]NM5T1 & LAT]1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS2 & H] LI/ ( 5EMIES RANG$ FROM ,J4 ,$G> ,HOOV] TO ,VLADIMIR ,L594 

,:ILE SOME ANTI-AU?ORIT>IANS SU* AS ,GOLDMAN >E REBELLI\S 9 *ILDHOOD1 MANY FAM\S & NON-FAM\S ANTI-AU?ORIT>IANS BEG9 TO *ALL5GE & RESI/ ILLEGITIMATE AU?ORITY ONLY LAT] 9 LIFE AFT] !Y >E RADICALIZ$ BY !IR EXP]I5CES--ONE EXAMPLE BE+ ,$W>D ,SN[D51 :OSE PA? TO RESI/+ ILLEGITIMATE AU?ORITY C\LD NOT HAVE BE5 MORE DIFF]5T ?AN ,GOLDMAN'S4 

,SN[D5 GREW UP AS A PATRIOTIC ,AM]ICAN 9 A PATRIOTIC H\SEHOLD4 ,9 #b#d1 HE 5LI/$ 9 ! ,U4,S4 ,>MY1 REC\NT+ LAT]1 0,I WANT$ TO FI<T 9 ! ,IRAQ W> BECAUSE ,I FELT LIKE ,I HAD AN OBLIGATION AS A HUMAN BE+ TO HELP FREE PEOPLE FROM OPPRESSION40 ,HE BEGAN WORK+ = ! ,C5TRAL ,9TELLIG5CE ,AG5CY 9 #b#g1 BUT HE BECAME AL>M$ BY ! ,GEORGE ,W4 ,BU% ADM9I/RATION'S VIOLATIONS ( ,AM]ICANS' CON/ITUTIONAL RI<TS4 

,9 HIS MID-TW5TIES1 ,SN[D5 LAT] REC\NT$1 0,I BEGAN TO UND]/& ?AT :AT MY GOV]NM5T REALLY DOES 9 ! WORLD IS V]Y DIFF]5T FROM :AT ,I'D ALWAYS BE5 TAU<T40 ,AFT] WORK+ = DEF5SE CONTRACTOR ,BOOZ ,ALL5 ,HAMILTON SO AS TO GA!R DATA ON ! ,N,S,A1 9 #b#a#c1 HE LEAK$ TO ! PRESS EVID5CE ( ! ,U4,S4 GOV]NM5T'S VIOLATION ( ! ,F\R? ,AM5DM5T BY ITS MASS W>RANTLESS SURVEILLANCE ON ,U4,S4 CITIZ5S4 ,& AT AGE #c1 ,SN[D5 WAS *>G$ BY ! ,U4,S4 GOV]NM5T ) VIOLAT+ ! ,ESPIONAGE ,ACT4 

,! >C ( ! ,MALCOLM ,X'S ANTI-AU?ORIT>IANISM WAS QUITE DIFF]5T FROM BO? ,GOLDMAN'S & ,SN[D5'S4 ,AS A *ILD1 HE WAS ROCK$ BY TRAUMA 9 ! EXTREME1 :I* 9CLUD$ HIS FA!R'S MURD] BY :ITE SUPREMACI/S 7! POLICE CLAIM$ IT WAS AN ACCID5T & ! 9SURANCE COMPANY CALL$ IT SUICIDE74 ,HIS FA!R'S DEA? RESULT$ 9 SEV]E F9ANCIAL /RESS = HIS FAMILY1 A MAJOR V>IABLE LEAD+ TO HIS MO!R'S PSY*IATRIC HOSPITALIZATION4 

,PRIOR TO HIS FAMILY BE+ RIPP$ AP>T1 A Y\NG ,MALCOLM HAD BE5 AN EXCELL5T /UD5T4 ,!N1 AS A TE5AG] & Y\NG MAN1 HE BECAME SELFI%1 PR$ATORY1 5GAG$ 9 !FT1 & WAS 9C>C]AT$ 9 PRISON4 ,!N1 AFT] HIS RELIGI\S CONV]SION1 HE WAS = A TIME DUTIFULLY AU?ORIT>IAN )9 AN AU?ORIT>IAN ORGANIZATION4 

,H[EV]1 AFT] ,MALCOLM ,X GA9$ KN[L$GE ( ! PR$ATORY BEHAVIORS ( ! LEAD] ( ! ,NATION ( ,ISLAM1 ,ELIJAH ,MUHAMMAD1 HE HAD ANO!R TRANS=MATION4 ,RECOGNIZ+ ?AT HIS ACTIONS W\LD LIKELY RESULT 9 HIS ASSASS9ATION1 ,MALCOLM ,X *ALL5G$ ! LEGITIMACY ( ! AU?ORITY ( ,ELIJAH ,MUHAMMAD & REJECT$ HIS DECREE AGA9/ POLITICAL P>TICIPATION4 ,BE=E HIS DEA?1 ,MALCOLM ,X CAME TO ADOPT A REVOLUTION>Y ANTI-IMP]IALI/ & ANTI-CAPITALI/ POLITICAL PROGRAM4 

,ANTI-AU?ORIT>IANS >E IDEOLOGICALLY DIV]SE3 ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN WAS AN AN>*I/2 ,$W>D ,SN[D5 9ITIALLY A LIB]T>IAN2 ,MALCOLM ,X BECAME 9CREAS+LY SOCIALI/2 & SOME ANTI-AU?ORIT>IANS :O ,I PR(ILE1 SU* AS ,GEORGE ,C>L9 & ,JANE ,JACOBS1 PRID$ !MSELVES ON NOT ID5TIFY+ ) ANY DOGMA4 

,! TEMP]AM5TS & P]SONALITIES ( ANTI-AU?ORIT>IANS >E ALSO DIV]SE1 FROM ! PLAYFUL ,L5NY ,BRUCE TO ! S]\S ,SCOTT ,NE>+4 ,:E!R ANY TEMP]AM5T BECOMES AN ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN IS DET]M9$ BY AN >RAY ( MANY V>IABLES :I* 9CLUDE LUCK & *OICE4 

,[+ TO ! SUBJECTIVE & UNMEASURABLE NATURE ( ! MULTIPLE V>IABLES ?AT DET]M9E :E!R ONE BECOME AN ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN1 SCI5TIFIC PR$ICTION IS NOT POSSIBLE4 ,?IS IS GOOD NEWS = ANTI-AU?ORIT>IANS4 ,IF P[]FUL AU?ORIT>IANS C\LD SCI5TIFICALLY PR$ICT ANTI-AU?ORIT>IANS ?R\< P]SONALITY TYP+ OR G5ETIC TE/+1 !Y W\LD MO/ C]TA9LY TRY TO ELIM9ATE !M4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #a#b1 #bba 3 ,:O ,BECOMES ,AN ,ANTI-,AU?ORIT>IAN8 -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #g1 #bbb 3 ,:O ,BECOMES ,AN ,ANTI-,AU?ORIT>IAN8 -- ,UPDAT$4 

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