,:I!R ,AN>*ISM8 ,A ,REPLY TO ,REC5T ,AN>*I/ ,CRITICS 

#aiih 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 

,TAGS 3 SOCIAL ECOLOGY1 LIFE/YLE AN>*ISM1 TAO TE *+1 SOCIAL AN>*ISM1 JOHN CL>K1 HUMAN BE+S1 DEEP ECOLOGY1 SOCIAL ORD]1 MURRAY BOOK*91 RE-5*ANT+ HUMANITY4 

,TEXT 3 

,PUBLICATION ( ! FOLL[+ >TICLE IS =?COM+ 9 ,MURRAY ,BOOK*91 ,AN>*ISM1 ,M>XISM1 & ! ,FUTURE ( ! ,LEFT 7,SAN ,FRANCISCO & ,$9BUR<3 ,A4,K4 ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#h74  ,! >TICLE APPE>S 9 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES ) ! P]MISSION ( ! AU?OR & PUBLI%]4,:I!R ,AN>*ISM8 
,A ,REPLY TO ,REC5T ,AN>*I/ ,CRITICS 

BY ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 

,LIB]TY )\T SOCIALISM IS PRIVILEGE & 9JU/ICE4   

,SOCIALISM )\T LIB]TY IS SLAV]Y & BRUTALITY4 

                    -- ,MIKHAIL ,BAKUN9 

  

,PHOTO BY ONESECBE=E!DUB1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C-,S,A ,LIC5SE ,:AT =M WILL AN>*ISM TAKE AS IT 5T]S ! TW5TY-FIR/ C5TURY8  ,:AT BASIC IDEAS WILL IT ADVANCE8  ,:AT K9D ( MOVEM5T1 IF ANY1 WILL IT TRY TO CREATE8  ,H[ WILL IT TRY TO *ANGE ! HUMAN S5SIBILITIES & SOCIAL 9/ITUTIONS ?AT IT HAS 9H]IT$ FROM ! PA/8   

,9 A FUNDAM5TAL S5SE !SE W]E ! ISSUES ?AT ,I TRI$ TO RAISE 9 MY #aiie POLEMIC ,SOCIAL ,AN>*ISM OR ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*ISM3 ,AN ,UNBRIDGEABLE ,*ASM4.<#a.>  ,! TITLE & ESPECIALLY ! SUBTITLE W]E DELIB]ATELY PROVOCATIVE4  ,9 P>T1 ,I 9T5D$ !M TO HI<LI<T A PR(\ND & LONG/&+ CONTRADICTION )9 AN>*ISM1 AN IDEOLOGY ?AT 5COMPASSES VIEWS ?AT >E BASICALLY HO/ILE TO EA* O!R4  ,AT ONE EXTREME ( AN>*ISM IS A LIB]AL IDEOLOGY ?AT FOCUSES OV]:ELM+LY ON ! AB/RACT 9DIVIDUAL 7(T5 DRAW+ ON B\RGEOIS IDEOLOGIES71 SUPPORTS P]SONAL AUTONOMY1 & ADVANCES A NEGATIVE RA!R ?AN A SUB/ANTIVE CONCEPT ( LIB]TY4  ,?IS AN>*ISM CELEBRATES ! NOTION ( LIB]TY FROM RA!R ?AN A FLE%$-\T CONCEPT ( FRE$OM =4  ,AT ! O!R 5D ( ! AN>*I/ SPECTRUM IS A REVOLUTION>Y LIB]T>IAN SOCIALISM ?AT SEEKS TO CREATE A FREE SOCIETY1 9 :I* HUMANITY AS A :OLE--& H5CE ! 9DIVIDUAL AS WELL--5JOYS ! ADVANTAGES ( FREE POLITICAL & ECONOMIC 9/ITUTIONS4   

,BETWE5 !SE TWO EXTREMES LIE A HO/ ( AN>*I/IC T5D5CIES ?AT DIFF] CONSID]ABLY 9 !IR !ORETICAL ASPECTS & H5CE 9 ! K9D ( PRACTICE BY :I* !Y HOPE TO A*IEVE AN>*ISM'S REALIZATION4  ,SOME ( ! MORE COMMON ONES TODAY1 9 FACT1 MAKE SY/EMATIC ?9K+ 9TO SOME?+ ( A BUGABOO1 ) ! RESULT ?AT !IR ACTIVITIES T5D TO CONSI/ NOT ( CLE>LY FOCUS$ ATTACKS UPON ! PREVAIL+ SOCIAL ORD] BUT ( ADV5TUR\S EPISODES ?AT MAY BE LITTLE MORE ?AN /REET BRAWLS & ECC5TRIC 0HAPP5+S40  ,! SOCIAL PROBLEMS WE FACE--9 POLITICS1 ECONOMICS1 G5D] & E?NIC RELATIONS1 & ECOLOGY-->E NOT SIMPLY UNRELAT$ 0S+LE ISSUES0 ?AT %\LD BE DEALT ) SEP>ATELY4  ,LIKE SO MANY SOCIALI/S & SOCIAL AN>*I/S 9 ! PA/1 ,I CONT5D ?AT AN AN>*I/ !ORY & PRACTICE ?AT ADDRESSES !M MU/ BE COH]5T1 AN*OR+ SEEM+LY DISP>ATE SOCIAL PROBLEMS 9 AN ANALYSIS ( ! UND]LY+ SOCIAL RELATIONS3  CAPITALISM & HI]>*ICAL SOCIETY4 

 ,IT %\LD NOT BE SURPRIS+ ?AT 9 A P]IOD ( SOCIAL REACTION & APP>5T CAPITALI/ /ABILIZATION1 ! TWO EXTREMES )9 AN>*ISM--! 9DIVIDUALI/IC LIB]AL T5D5CY & ! SOCIALI/IC REVOLUTION>Y ONE--W\LD FLY AP>T 9 OPPOS+ DIRECTIONS4  ,AT BE/1 !Y HAVE PREVI\SLY EXI/$ ONLY 9 UNEASY T5SION ) EA* O!R1 SUBM]G+ !IR DIFF]5CES TO !IR COMMON TRADITIONS & IDEOLOGICAL PREMISES4  ,DUR+ ! LATE N9ETE5? & E>LY TW5TIE? C5TURIES1 ! LIB]AL T5D5CY1 ) ITS /RONG EMPHASIS ON 9DIVIDUAL RI<TS & S5SIBILITIES1 GAVE GREAT] EMPHASIS TO 9DIVIDUAL SELF-EXPRESSION1 RANG+ FROM P]SONAL ECC5TRICITIES TO SC&AL\S OR EV5 VIOL5T BEHAVIOR4  ,BY CONTRA/1 ! SOCIALI/IC T5D5CY PLAC$ ITS GREATE/ EMPHASIS ON POPUL> MOBILIZATIONS1 ESPECIALLY 9 SYNDICALI/ ORGANIZATIONS1 WORK+-CLASS /RIKES1 & ! EV]YDAY DEM&S ( OPPOSITION TO CAPITALISM 9 ! PUBLIC SPH]E4 

 ,SUPPORT]S ( ! SOCIALI/IC T5D5CIES 9 AN>*ISM1 :I* ,I HAVE CALL$ SOCIAL AN>*ISM1 NEV] D5I$ ! IMPORTANCE ( GA9+ 9DIVIDUAL FRE$OM & P]SONAL AUTONOMY4  ,:AT !Y CONSI/5TLY >GU$1 H[EV]1 WAS ?AT 9DIVIDUAL FRE$OM WILL REMA9 *IM]ICAL UNLESS SWEEP+ REVOLUTION>Y *ANGES >E MADE ?AT PROVIDE ! SOCIAL F\NDATIONS = R\ND$ & E?ICALLY COMMITT$ 9DIVIDUALS4  ,AS SOCIAL AN>*ISM HAS >GU$1 ! TRULY FREE 9DIVIDUAL IS AT ONCE AN ACTIVE AG5T 9 & ! EMBODIM5T ( A TRULY FREE SOCIETY4  ,?IS VIEW (T5 CLA%$ ) ! NOTION1 V]Y COMMONLY HELD BY 9DIVIDUALI/IC OR1 AS ,I HAVE CALL$ !M1 LIFE/YLE AN>*I/S1 ?AT LIB]TY & AUTONOMY CAN BE A*IEV$ BY MAK+ *ANGES 9 P]SONAL S5SIBILITIES & LIFEWAYS1 GIV+ LESS ATT5TION TO *ANG+ MAT]IAL & CULTURAL CONDITIONS4  

 ,IT IS NOT MY 9T5TION TO REPEAT MY EXPOSITION ( ! DIFF]5CES BETWE5 SOCIAL & LIFE/YLE AN>*ISM4  ,NOR DO ,I D5Y ?AT ! TWO T5D5CIES--! LIB]AL & ! SOCIAL--HAVE (T5 OV]LAPP$ ) EA* O!R4  ,MANY LIFE/YLE AN>*I/S EAG]LY PLUNGE 9TO DIRECT ACTIONS ?AT >E O/5SIBLY 9T5D$ TO A*IEVE SOCIALI/IC GOALS4  ,MANY SOCIAL AN>*I/S1 9 TURN1 SYMPA?IZE ) ! REBELLI\S IMPULSES CELEBRAT$ BY LIFE/YLE AN>*I/S1 AL?\< !Y T5D TO RESI/ PURELY P]SONAL EXPRESSIONS4   

 ,NOT SURPRIS+LY1 ! ABILITY ( SOCIAL AN>*ISM TO MAKE ITSELF HE>D 9 ! PUBLIC SPH]E HAS G5]ALLY FLUCTUAT$ ) ! ECONOMIC TIMES4  ,9 P]IODS ( CAPITALI/ /ABILITY1 SOCIAL AN>*ISM IS (T5 ECLIPS$ ON ! ,LEFT BY RE=M-ORI5T$ SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC & LIB]AL IDEOLOGIES1 :ILE LIFE/YLE AN>*ISM EM]GES AS ! EMBODIM5T ( AN>*ISM P> EXCELL5CE4  ,DUR+ !SE P]IODS AN>*ISM'S CRANKS1 (T5 MORE REBELLI\S ?AN REVOLUTION>Y1 ) !IR EXAGG]AT$ HO/ILITY TO CONV5TIONAL LIFEWAYS1 COME TO ! =EGR\ND1 CON/ITUT+ A CULTURAL MORE ?AN A REVOLUTION>Y ?REAT TO ! /ATUS QUO4  ,BY CONTRA/1 9 TIMES ( DEEP SOCIAL UNRE/1 IT IS SOCIAL AN>*ISM ?AT1 )9 AN>*ISM1 HAS USUALLY HELD C5T] /AGE4  ,9DE$1 DUR+ REVOLUTION>Y SITUATIONS 9 ! PA/1 SOCIAL AN>*ISM HAS 5JOY$ A GREAT DEAL ( POPUL>ITY AMONG ! OPPRESS$ & 9 SOME CASES WAS RESPONSIBLE = ORGANIZ+ ! MASSES 9 SU* A WAY AS TO POSE A S]I\S ?REAT TO ! SOCIAL ORD]4 

 ,! V>Y+ =TUNES ( SOCIAL & LIFE/YLE AN>*ISM BELONG TO A LONG HI/ORY ( REVOLUTIONS & C\NT]REVOLUTIONS1 ( REBELLION & CON=MITY1 ( SOCIAL UNRE/ & SOCIAL PEACE4  ,:5 ! REBELLI\S #a#i#fS BUBBL$ UP AFT] A DECADE ( SOCIAL QUIESC5CE & NUMB+ M$IOCRITY1 LIFE/YLE AN>*ISM 5JOY$ GREAT POPUL>ITY AMONG ! C\NT]CULTURAL ELEM5TS1 :ILE SOCIAL AN>*ISM EX]CIS$ A MEASURE ( 9FLU5CE ) SOME ,NEW ,LEFTI/S4  ,DUR+ ! POLITICAL APA?Y & SOCIAL CON=MITY ( ! #a#i#gS & #a#i#hS1 AS ! C\NT]CULTURE WAS ABSORB$ 9TO ,NEW ,AGE N>CISSISM1 LIFE/YLE AN>*I/S MOV$ 9CREAS+LY TO ! =E AS ! PR$OM9ANT EXPRESSION ( AN>*ISM4 

,! ,AM]ICA ( ! MID-#a#i#fS ?AT HAD SEEM$ TO BE WEI<+ NEW1 9DE$ UTOPI/IC POSSIBILITIES OP5$ BY F]M5T AMONG PEOPLE ( COLOR1 /UD5TS1 WOM51 GAYS1 & COMMUNITY ACTIVI/S1 HAS BE5 REPLAC$1 9 ! #a#i#iS1 BY AN ,AM]ICA ?AT IS N>CISSI/IC & SELF-ABSORB$1 MOV$ BY MY/ICAL1 ANTIRATIONAL1 (T5 O!RWORLDLY1 & DECID$LY P]SONAL CONC]NS4  ,! VISION>Y PURSUIT ( SOCIAL *ANGE ?AT WAS SO WIDESPREAD A M]E QU>T]-C5TURY AGO HAS YIELD$1 AS ! ,G]MAN SOCIAL !ORI/ ,JOA*IM ,HIRS* OBS]VES1 TO A 0FATALI/IC & RADICALLY ANTI-UTOPIAN CONSCI\SNESS40  ,SOCIAL ACTIVITY1 SU* AS IT IS1 FOCUSES OV]:ELM+LY ON S+LE ISSUES & SEEKS TO RE=M ! EXI/+ SOCIAL ORD] RA!R ?AN *ALL5GE ITS BASIC 9/ITUTIONS & ECONOMIC RELATION%IPS4  ,NOT ONLY IS TODAY'S CONSCI\SNESS FATALI/IC & RADICALLY ANTI-UTOPIAN2 IT IS D]ISIVELY ANTIREVOLUTION>Y & EV5 ANTIRADICAL4  ,! 5ORM\S *ANGE 9 SOCIAL & MORAL TEMP] IS REFLECT$ BY ! CONV5TIONAL IDEOLOGY ( ! PRES5T TIME1 ) ITS EMPHASIS ON TRIVIAL CONC]NS1 F9ANCIAL M>KETS1 CONSUM]I/ ESCAPES1 & P]SONAL PSY*OLOGY4  ,IT HAS ALL BUT ELIM9AT$1 = ! PRES5T1 ANY PR9CIPLE ( HOPE1 TO USE ,]N/ ,BLO*'S PHRASE4  ,:]E SOCIAL CRITICISM DOES EXI/1 IT T5DS TO FOCUS ON ! ABUSES ( SPECIFIC CORPORATIONS OR ON ! DEFECTS ( SPECIFIC GOV]NM5TAL ACTIONS 7ALL VALUABLE WORK1 TO BE SURE7 RA!R ?AN ON ! CAPITALI/ & /ATE SY/EM ?AT PRODUCES !M4  ,CYNICISM AB\T ! POSSIBILITY ( SOCIAL *ANGE N[ PREVAILS1 AS WELL AS AN APPALL+ N>CISSISM 9 EV]YDAY LIFE4   

 ,DESPITE ,HIRS*'S V]DICT1 EV5 ?IS JAD$ PUBLIC TEMP]--A TEMP] ?AT PREVAILS NO LESS AMONG Y\NG PEOPLE ?AN AMONG !IR P>5TS--NE$S COMP5SATORY ESCAPISMS TO S(T5 A LIFE )\T 9SPIRATION OR MEAN+4  ,IT IS NOT EASY TO ACCEPT A GRAY WORLD 9 :I* ACQUISITION1 SELF-ABSORPTION1 & PREOCCUPATION ) TRIVIA >E ! MA9 ATTRIBUTES ( EV]YDAY LIFE4  ,TO IMPROVE ! 0COM=T LEVEL0 ( MIDDLE-CLASS LIFE1 ,EURO-,AM]ICAN SOCIETY HAS WITNESS$ AN EXPLOSION ( MY/ICAL1 ANTIRATIONAL1 & RELIGI\S DOCTR9ES1 NOT TO SPEAK ( 9NUM]ABLE TE*NIQUES = P]SONAL SELF-IMPROVEM5T4  ,! P]SONALI/IC =M ( !SE ANODYNES MAKES SELF-EXPRESSION 9TO A SURROGATE = A POLITICS ( G5U9E EMP[]M5T4  ,F> FROM IMPELL+ PEOPLE TO SOCIAL ACTIVISM1 !SE NO/RUMS >E 9FECT$ ) AN ANCI5T ,*RI/IAN VIRUS3  NAMELY1 ?AT P]SONAL SALVATION PREC$ES POLITICAL *ANGE--9DE$1 ?AT 9 EV]Y S5SE ! POLITICAL IS R$UC$ TO ! P]SONAL1 & ! SOCIAL TO ! 9DIVIDUAL4 

 ,NOT ONLY HAVE LIFE/YLE AN>*ISM & SOCIAL AN>*ISM DIV]G$ V]Y %>PLY1 BUT !IR DIV]G5CE REFLECTS AN UNPREC$5T$ DEVELOPM5T 9 CAPITALISM ITSELF3  ITS HI/ORIC /ABILIZATION & ITS P5ETRATION 9TO EV] MORE ASPECTS ( EV]YDAY LIFE4  ,?IS DEVELOPM5T1 NOT SURPRIS+LY1 5GULFS EV5 ! IDEOLOGIES ?AT PR(ESS TO OPPOSE IT1 SO ?AT 9 ! 5D !Y ACTUALLY WORK TO JU/IFY ?OSE *ANGES4  ,MORE ?AN ANY SOCIETY ?AT PREC$$ IT1 CAPITALISM 7TO USE ,M>X & ,5GELS'S PHRASE 9 ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,MANIFE/O7 0TURNS EV]Y?+ SOLID 9TO AIR0--& POLLUT$ AIR AT ?AT4  ,ROCK 'N' ROLL1 ! MUSIC ( C\NT]CULTURAL REBELLION1 HAS LONG 5T]$ ! LITURGICAL C]EMONIES ( MOD]N *UR*ES1 :ILE RADICAL FOLKS+] ,WOODY ,GU?RIE'S 0,?IS ,L& ,IS ,Y\R ,L&0 APPE>S 9 TELEVISION COMM]CIALS = A GIANT AIRL9E4  ,! 0CULTURE W>0 ?AT CREAT$ SO MANY PR(ESSORIAL JOBS 9 MAJOR UNIV]SITIES IS RAPIDLY DRAW+ TO A CLOSE4  ,AS ,?OMAS ,FRANK1 $ITOR ( A REC5T AN?OLOGY1 ,COMMODIFY ,Y\R ,DISS5T1 HAS OBS]V$1 0,! C\NT]CULTURAL IDEA HAS BECOME CAPITALI/ OR?ODOXY4 4 4 4 ,H[EV] ! BASIC IMPULSES ( ! C\NT]CULTURAL IDEA MAY HAVE DI/URB$ A NATION LO/ 9 ,COLD ,W> D>KNESS1 !Y >E TODAY 9 FUNDAM5TAL AGREEM5T ) ! BASIC T5ETS ( ,9=MATION ,AGE BUS9ESS !ORY40.<#b.>  

 ,9 ,SOCIAL ,AN>*ISM OR ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*ISM 7,S,A,L,A71 ,I TRI$ TO %[ ?AT LIFE/YLE AN>*ISM IS WELL ON ITS WAY TO BECOM+ JU/ ?IS K9D ( REBELLI\S *IC1 9 :I* JAD$ ,AM]ICANS RAKI%LY ADORN !MSELVES ) ! SYMBOLS & IDIOMS ( P]SONAL RESI/ANCE1 ALL ! MORE TO ACCOMMODATE !MSELVES TO ! /ATUS QUO4  ,AN>*ISM'S LIFE/YLE T5D5CIES ORI5T Y\NG PEOPLE T[>D A K9D ( REBELLION ?AT EXPRESSES ITSELF 9 T]MS ( N>CISSISM1 SELF-EXPRESSION1 9TUITION1 & P]SONALISM--AN ORI5TATION ?AT /&S %>PLY AT ODDS ) ! SOCIALI/IC CORE ( AN>*ISM ?AT WAS CELEBRAT$ BY ,BAKUN91 ,KROPOTK91 & ,MALATE/A1 AMONG SO MANY O!RS4   

,LIFE/YLE AN>*ISM ?US RECA/S ! SPIRIT ( REVOLT ITSELF--H[EV] RESIDUAL IT MAY BE TODAY--& SUBV]TS ! V]Y BASIS = BUILD+ ! RADICAL SOCIAL OPPOSITION ?AT WILL BE NE$$ 9 TIMES MORE PROPITI\S = A RATIONAL SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T4  ,LIFE/YLE AN>*ISM1 9 EFFECT1 EATS AWAY AT ! TRADITIONS1 IDEAS1 & VISIONS UPON :I* AN>*ISM AS A SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T RE/S & ?AT =M ITS PO9T ( DEP>TURE = ! DEVELOPM5T ( FUTURE REVOLUTION>Y LIB]T>IAN MOVEM5TS4  ,9 EFFECT1 ITS GR[+ 9FLU5CE ?REAT5S TO D]AIL AN>*ISM1 ) ITS RI* IMPLICATIONS = SOCIETY AS A :OLE1 & R$IRECT IT T[>D ! SELF AS ! LOCUS ( REBELLION & RECON/RUCTION4  ,9 ?IS RESPECT1 LIFE/YLE AN>*ISM IS TRULY REGRESSIVE4  ,IF A SPACE IS TO BE PRES]V$ ON ! POLITICAL SPECTRUM = S]I\S LEFT-LIB]T>IAN DISCUSSION & ACTIVITY--= USE 9 ! FUTURE1 IF NOT ALWAYS 9 ! PRES5T--!N ! GR[+ 9FLU5CE ( LIFE/YLE AN>*ISM MU/ BE E>NE/LY RESI/$4 

 ,IT IS NOT ONLY AN>*ISM ?AT IS PLAGU$ BY ! ADV5T ( AN ANTI-,5LI<T5M5T CULTURE ) PSY*OLOGI/IC1 MY/ICAL1 ANTIRATIONAL1 & QUASI-RELIGI\S OV]TONES4  ,SOME ( ! O/5SIBLY NEW RE9T]PRETATIONS ( ,M>XISM >E PAT5TLY PSY*OLOGI/IC & EV5 MY/ICAL 9 NATURE1 :ILE ! ECOLOGY MOVEM5T RISKS ! PROSPECT ( BECOM+ A HAV5 = PRIMITIVISM & NATURE MY/ICISM4  ,GODDESS WOR%IP HAS 9VAD$ FEM9ISM1 :ILE PO/MOD]NISM REIGNS 9 ! =M]LY RADICAL PORTIONS ( ! ,ACADEMY4  ,9DE$1 ! ATTEMPT TO DISPLACE ,5LI<T5M5T VALUES ( REASON1 SECUL>ISM1 & SOCIAL ACTIVISM ) AN EMPHASIS ON 9TUITION1 SPIRITUALISM1 & AN ASOCIAL PSY*OLOGISM P]VADES SOCIETY AS A :OLE4  ,9 ?IS RESPECT ,S,A,L,A MAY BE SE5 AS AN APP5DIX TO MY L>G] BOOK1 ,RE-,5*ANT+ ,HUMANITY1 :I* CRITIQUES ! MORE G5]AL CULTURAL MANIFE/ATIONS ( !SE T5D5CIES4   

 ,SORT+ ,\T ! ,ISSUES  

 ,NO?+ MORE /RIK+LY SUPPORTS MY CONT5TION ?AT LIFE/YLE AN>*ISM REFLECTS PRES5T TR5DS 9 B\RGEOIS CULTURE--ITS PSY*OLOGISM1 ANTIRATIONALISM1 PRIMITIVISM1 & MY/ICISM--?AN ! REPLIES ?AT LIFE/YLE AN>*I/S !MSELVES HAVE WRITT5 TO ,S,A,L,A S9CE ITS PUBLICATION4  ,AS ( ?IS WRIT+ 7,FEBRU>Y #a#i#i#h71 TWO BOOKS1 ONE PAMPHLET1 & SEV]AL >TICLES HAVE BE5 PUBLI%$1 ALL DECRY+ MY ESSAY1 YET ALL S]V+ OV]:ELM+LY AS EVID5CE TO BOL/] MY CASE AGA9/ ?IS T5D5CY4   

 ,CONSID]1 = EXAMPLE1 A REVIEW ( MY ESSAY 9 ! J\RNAL ,SOCIAL ,AN>*ISM1 WRITT5 BY ,K+SLEY ,WIDM]1 AN AN>*I/ :O H>BORS /RONG SYMPA?IES = PRIMITIVISM & TE*NOPHOBIA4.<#c.>  ,! CRITICAL ?RU/ ( HIS PIECE IS ?AT ,I 9SI/ ON /&+ 09 LONELY SPL5DOR0 ON ! 0<O/LY %\LD]S ( ,BAKUN91 ,KROPOTK91 & !IR DESC5DANTS 9 SU* AS ! ,SPANI% AN>*I/S ( MORE ?AN TWO G5]ATIONS AGO10 :I* MAKES ME A PROPON5T ( AN 0ANTIQUE LEFT-SOCIALISM10 A 0N>R[ & ?9 LIB]T>IANISM ( A DIFF]5T TIME & PLACE & CONDITIONS40  

 ,I COLLAPSE TO ! FLOOR 9 %AME4  ,NEV] DID ,I EXPECT ?AT ! DAY W\LD COME :5 AN AN>*I/--9 FACT1 A MEMB] ( ,SOCIAL ,AN>*ISM'S ADVISORY BO>D--W\LD REG>D ?IS L9EAGE AS 0<O/LY0 & 0?906  ,P]HAPS IT W\LD BE MORE RELEVANT TO \R TIME1 9 ,WIDM]'S VIEW1 IF ,I 5D$ MY 0LONELY ISOLATION0 & ADOPT$ TODAY'S FA%IONABLE TE*NOPHOBIA8  ,P]HAPS HE BELIEVES ,I %\LD JO9 ?OSE :O MY/IFY ! PRE9DU/RIAL AGE 7:I* WAS ALREADY GO+ 9TO ECLIPSE SEV]AL G5]ATIONS AGO78  ,OR ?OSE :O MY/IFY ! ,NEOLI?IC ]A ( F\R HUNDR$ G5]ATIONS AGO8  OR ! ,PALEOLI?IC ( SOME #a1#b G5]ATIONS AGO8  ,IF BE+ UP TO DATE IS ! /&>D = SOCIAL RELEVANCE1 !N ! M]E TWO G5]ATIONS ?AT HAVE PASS$ S9CE ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION UND\BT$LY GIVE ME ! $GE OV] ! PRIMITIVI/S :OM ,WIDM] DEF5DS 7AL?\< 9 ALL FAIRNESS TO HIM1 HE APPE>S TO BE NOT QUITE C]TA9 :]E HE /&S ON PRIMITIVISM ANYMORE74 

 ,DESPITE ITS BREVITY1 ,WIDM]'S REVIEW T\*ES ON SUB/ANTIVE ISSUES CONC]N+ PRIMITIVISM & TE*NOLOGY ?AT O!R CRITICS HAVE >GU$ AT GREAT] L5G? & :I* ,I WILL ADDRESS LAT] 9 ?IS ESSAY4  ,SUFFICE IT TO NOTE H]E ?AT ,WIDM] ALSO MAKES USE ( A POLEMICAL TE*NIQUE ?AT MY LONG]-W9D$ CRITICS ALSO USE--NAMELY1 TO DEMONIZE ME AS A 0DOGMATIC0 ,L59I/ OR EV5 ,/AL9I/4 ,WIDM]1 H[EV]1 MAKES ?IS 9S9UATION 9 A RA!R CONVOLUT$ WAY3  HE REPROVES ME = US+ ! WORDS 09FANTILE0 & 0FASCI/IC0 9 DESCRIB+ C]TA9 ASPECTS ( LIFE/YLE AN>*ISM--HIS OBJECTION BE+ ?AT 0'POLITICAL 9FANTILISM' WAS A FAVORITE EPI!T ( ,L59I/S10 :ILE 0'SOCIAL FASCISM' ( ,/AL9I/ & FELL[-TRAVEL+ 'PROGRESSIVES' 9 ! ,?IRTIES40    

 ,?IS W\LD BE A DAMN+ CRITICISM 9DE$ IF ,I HAD US$ !SE WORDS 9 ANY S5SE ?AT IS RELEVANT TO ,L591 /ILL LESS ,/AL9'S *>ACT]IZATIONS4  ,NO:]E DID ,I SUGGE/ ?AT MY OPPON5TS >E 9FANTILE LEFTI/S1 AS ,L59 DID1 OR DESIGNATE ANY ( MY OPPON5TS 0SOCIAL FASCI/S10 AS ! ,?IRD ,P]IOD ,/AL9I/S DID4  ,AM ,I TO UND]/& FROM ,WIDM] ?AT ! WORDS 09FANTILE0 & 0FASCI/IC0 MU/ BE EXCIS$ FROM ! VOCABUL>Y ( CRITICAL DISC\RSE TODAY SIMPLY BECAUSE ,L59 & ,/AL9'S ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL US$ !M NE>LY SEV5TY YE>S AGO8  ,IF MY IDEAS REALLY DO CON/ITUTE AN 0ANTIQUE LEFT-SOCIALISM0 ?AT BELONGS TO 0DOGMATICALLY EXCLUSION>Y POLITICAL MOVEM5T10 !N IT IS REM>KABLE ?AT ,WIDM] CAN F9D A PLACE ON ! AN>*I/ SPECTRUM AT ALL = ?IS 0OLD SOCIALI/ AN>*I/40    

 ,:AT TR\BLES ME AB\T ?IS POLEMICAL /RATEGY1 AS MANY ( MY CURR5T CRITICS USE IT1 IS ?AT BY ITS [N T]MS1 COMMITM5T TO PR9CIPLE COMES TO BE *A/IS$ AS 0DOGMA02 SUPPORT = REVOLUTION OV] RE=M IS CONDEMN$ AS 0SECT>IAN02 F]V5T OBJECTIONS TO OPPON5TS' >GUM5TS >E CA/IGAT$ AS 0AU?ORIT>IAN02 & POLEMICAL >GUM5TATION IS DESIGNAT$ AS 0,M>XI/0 OR 0,L59I/40  ,9 MY [N CASE1 EV5 MY AU?OR%IP ( MORE ?AN A DOZ5 BOOKS BECOMES EVID5CE ( MY AG5DA TO 0DOM9ATE0 OR 0MA/]0 AN>*ISM4  ,AT ! V]Y LEA/1 SU* ME?ODS REFLECT ! UGLY P]SONALISM ?AT P]VADES ?IS HI<LY 9DIVIDUALI/IC & TRIVIALIZ$ CULTURE4   

 ,?IS POLEMICAL TE*NIQUES & MANY O!RS >E ALSO PUT TO USE 9 ,ROB]T ,C4 ,BLACK'S ,AN>*Y ,AFT] ,LEFTISM1 ANO!R RESPONSE TO ,S,A,L,A ?AT IS P]VAD$ ) A F> MORE 9T5SE & P]SONALI/IC VILIFICATION4.<#d.>  ,BLACK1 ! READ] %\LD BE W>N$1 IS NO M]E AU?OR2 HE IS A PSY*IC :O APP>5TLY CAN READ MY DEMONIC M9D1 DIV9E ALL MY SELF-S]V+ 9T5TIONS1 & UNE>? ! ,MA*IAVELLIAN MEAN+S HIDD5 9 ALL ( MY WRIT+S1 :I* >E P>T ( MY DEVILI% MA/] PLAN TO GA9 P[] & PRE/IGE1 5RI* MY [N WEAL?1 & IMP]IALI/ICALLY COLONIZE ! 5TIRE AN>*I/ SC5E AS MY [N PRIVATE FIEFDOM4  ,DID ,I SAY ?AT ,BLACK IS A PSY*IC8  ,ACTUALLY1 HE IS ALSO AN EXORCI/1 & A CABALI/IC /UDY ( HIS BOOK WILL SURELY FREE ,AN>*Y 7AS DI/+UI%$ FROM ?AT L[LY IDEOLOGY 0AN>*ISM07 FROM ! ,GREAT ,BOOK*9 ,CONSPIRACY TO TAKE OV] ?AT FL\RI%+ GALACTIC REALM4 

,TO BE S]I\S AB\T ,BLACK'S 5DEAVOR--:I* HIS PUBLI%]1 ,JASON ,MC,QU9N 7A4K4A4 ,LEV ,*]NYI7 CALL$ 0BRILLIANT0 9 A REC5T ISSUE ( ,AN>*Y--?IS UGLY BOOK IS TRANSP>5TLY MOTIVAT$ BY A :ITE-HOT ANIMOSITY T[>D ME4  ,SO CYNICAL1 SO MANIPULATIVE1 & SO MALICI\S >E ITS 9VECTIVES1 EV5 BY ! L[E/ /&>DS ( GUTT] J\RNALISM1 ?AT ,I WILL NOT DIGNIFY !M ) A REPLY4  ,AS ,I 9DICAT$ 9 ! SUBTITLE TO ,S,A,L,A1 ! *ASM BETWE5 PEOPLE LIKE ?IS AU?OR & MYSELF IS UNBRIDGEABLE4 

,9DE$1 SO NUM]\S >E ! FALSEHOODS 9 ,BLACK'S BOOK ?AT TO CORRECT EV5 A SMALL NUMB] ( !M W\LD BE A WA/E ( ! READ]'S TIME4  ,ONE SAMPLE MU/ SUFFICE TO DEMON/RATE ! OV]ALL DI%ONE/Y ( ! TRACT4  ,BLACK SEEMS TO E/ABLI% E>LY ON ?AT ,I AM A 0DEAN0 AT ,GODD>D ,COLLEGE 7,A,A,L1 P4 #a#h71 A POSITION ?AT1 HE W\LD HAVE HIS READ]S BELIEVE1 5D[S ME ) ! V]Y SUB/ANTIAL 9COME ?AT ,I NE$ 9 ORD] TO ADVANCE MY NEF>I\S AMBITIONS4 ,CONSUMMATE S*OL> ?AT ,BLACK IS1 HE S$UL\SLY DOCUM5TS ?IS CLAIM BY CIT+ ,GODD>D ,COLLEGE'S #aiie ,(F-,CAMPUS ,CATALOG4  ,!REAFT]1 ?R\<\T ! BOOK1 ,I AM REF]R$ TO AS 0,DEAN ,BOOK*90 OR 0! ,DEAN10 PRESUMABLY ON ! ASSUMPTION ?AT M]E REPETITION WILL MAKE MY TITLE A REALITY4.<#e.>   
  

 ,GODD>D'S #aiie ,(F-,CAMPUS ,CATALOG IS A R>E DOCUM5T1 ONE ?AT EV5 ,I HAD DIFFICULTY ACQUIR+--A FACT UPON :I* ,BLACK IS APP>5TLY RELY+4  ,?OSE FEW 9DIVIDUALS :O >E ABLE TO F9D IT1 H[EV]1 WILL LE>N ?AT ,BLACK'S CLAIM IS AN \TRI<T FABRICATION4  ,MY NAME APPE>S NO:]E 9 ?AT CATALOG NOR 9 ANY O!R REC5T $ITION1 = ! V]Y GOOD REASON ?AT ,I 5D$ MY PR(ESSIONAL CONNECTIONS ) ,GODD>D ,COLLEGE 7AS WELL AS ,RAMAPO ,COLLEGE1 :I* HE ALSO M5TIONS7 9 #a#i#h#a4  ,ANYONE :O C>ES TO F9D \T MY /ATUS AS AN EMPLOYEE ( ,GODD>D IS 9VIT$ TO TELEPHONE ! COLLEGE & ASK !M4    

 ,F> FROM 5JOY+ ! MAT]IAL WEAL? ?AT ,BLACK ATTRIBUTES TO ME1 ,I LIVE ON A P5SION & ,SOCIAL ,SECURITY1 BO? ( !M PALTRY1 SUPPLEM5T$ BY A OCCASIONAL LECTURE FEES & BOOK ADVANCES4  ,I %ALL CONCLUDE ?IS OBLIGATORY SKET* ( MY ECONOMIC /ATUS BY NOT+ ?AT MY SUPPLEM5TAL 9COME HAS DIM9I%$ CONSID]ABLY 9 REC5T YE>S BECAUSE ! PHYSICAL 9FIRMITIES CAUS$ BY ADVANC$ AGE PREV5T ME FROM TRAVEL+ OR WRIT+ EASILY ANY LONG]4 ,SOME ( ,BLACK'S FOLL[]S WILL NO D\BT PREF] TO BELIEVE HIS /ATEM5T ?AT ,I AM A WELL-TO-DO DEAN AT ,GODD>D1 IRRESPECTIVE ( ! FACTS4  ,I HAVE NEI!R ! TIME NOR ! DISPOSITION TO DIS5*ANT PEOPLE :O WANT TO BELIEVE 9 HIS BOOK4.<#f.>  

 ,! ,LONG1 ,D>K ,ROAD ,BACK 

  

 ,! SECOND FULL-SIZE BOOK ?AT CONTA9S A RESPONSE TO ,S,A,L,A IS ,BEYOND ,BOOK*93  ,PREFACE TO A ,FUTURE ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY 7,B,B7 WRITT5 BY ,DAVID ,WATSON 7MORE WIDELY KN[N BY HIS PSEUDONYM ,GEORGE ,BRAD=D74.<#g.> ,! LEAD+ WRIT] = ! ,DETROIT AN>*I/ P]IODICAL ,FIF? ,E/ATE1 ,WATSON IS AN 9DIVIDUAL :OSE WRIT+S ,I CRITICIZ$ 9 ,S,A,L,A = TE*NOPHOBIA1 ANTICIVILIZATIONISM1 PRIMITIVISM1 & IRRATIONALISM4  ,9 ,B,B ,WATSON1 9 TURN1 NOT ONLY DEF5DS HIS POSITIONS1 AS HE D\BTLESS \<T TO DO1 BUT RADICALLY CONFIRMS MY CLAIM ?AT ! *ASM BETWE5 HIS IDEAS & M9E IS UNBRIDGEABLE4  ,9DE$1 :AT PUZZLES ME AB\T HIS WORK IS ?AT HE EV] F\ND MY WRIT+S 9T]E/+ AT ALL1 ESPECIALLY GIV5 \R 9COMM5SURABLE VIEWS ON TE*NOLOGY1 OR ?AT !Y EV5 9FLU5C$ HIM1 AS HE SAYS !Y DID4   

 ,! FACT IS ?AT ,B,B IS NOT M]ELY A REPLY TO MY CRITICISMS--IT IS ALSO A SWEEP+ CRITIQUE ( ALMO/ EV]Y?+ ,I HAVE EV] WRITT54  0,IT IS ! 9T5T ( ?IS ESSAY10 ,WATSON DECL>ES E>LY ON1 0TO REVEAL H[ S]I\SLY LIMIT$ ,BOOK*9'S WORK WAS FROM ! V]Y BEG9N+0 7,B,B1 P4 #a1 EMPHASIS ADD$74  ,NOR IS ,B,B SIMPLY A SWEEP+ CRITIQUE ( MY WORK 0FROM ! V]Y BEG9N+02 IT IS A SC&AL\S HAT*ET JOB ON MY ?IRTY YE>S ( WRIT+ TO CREATE A BODY ( IDEAS CALL$ SOCIAL ECOLOGY4  ,BY ! 5D ( ! BOOK WE LE>N ?AT ,WATSON TRUE PURPOSE IS TO 0AB&ON .<,BOOK*9'S.> IDEA ( SOCIAL ECOLOGY0 ALTOGE!R 7,B,B1 P4 #b#d#e74  ,OR AS ,/EVE ,WELZ] ADVISES 9 HIS LAUDATORY 9TRODUCTION TO ! BOOK1 0SOCIAL ECOLOGY ITSELF MU/ BE LIB]AT$ FROM ,BOOK*90 7,B,B1 P4 #d74   

 ,9 ?IS #b#e-PAGE 9DICTM5T1 ,WATSON POKES 9TO ! SMALLE/ CREVICES 9 MY WRIT+S :ILE OMITT+ ! ASPECTS ( MY WRIT+S ?AT1 ON HIS [N ADMISSION1 ALL[$ HIM TO SET HIMSELF UP AS AN LIB]T>IAN ?9K]4  ,DIVE/+ ALL MYWRIT+S ( !IR CONTEXTS--SPANN+ SOME =TY YE>S 9 SOCIAL MOVEM5TS--HE WANTONLY TOSSES TOGE!R MY CASUAL OBS]VATIONS & POLEMICAL EXAGG]ATIONS ) MY MORE CONSID]$ WRIT+S ON SOCIAL !ORY1 ECOLOGY1 URBAN DEVELOPM5T1 POLITICS1 & PHILOSOPHY4   

 ,RUNN+ ?R\< ALMO/ EV]Y P>AGRAPH ( ,WATSON'S BOOK >E VITUP]ATIVE ATTACKS1 MANIC D5UNCIATIONS1 AD HOM9EM *>ACT]IZATIONS1 & EV5 GOSSIPY RUMORS4  ,9 TIME1 ! READ] BECOMES SO DR5*$ 9 ,WATSON'S D[NP\R ( TRIVIA1 DI/ORTION1 & P]SONAL V5OM ?AT HE OR %E MAY WELL LOSE SI<T ( ! BASIC DIFF]5CES BETWE5 ,WATSON & MYSELF--! V]Y ISSUES ?AT MOTIVAT$ MY CRITIQUE ( HIS VIEWS 9 ,S,A,L,A4   

 ,:AT1 AFT] ALL1 >E ! VIEWS ?AT ,WATSON IS REALLY TRY+ TO ADVANCE AS ! 0FUTURE SOCIAL ECOLOGY0 ?AT HE ADV]TISES AS AN ADVANCE OV] MY [N8  ,:AT PRECISELY DOES IT CONSI/ (8  ,AMID ! ?ICKETS1 ?ORNS1 & WE$S ( P]SONAL 9VECTIVE ?AT PROLIF]ATE 9 ,WATSON'S BOOK1 ,I F9D F\R BASIC T5ETS ?AT HE IS PROMOT+--EA* ( :I*1 IF ADOPT$ BY AN>*I/S1 W\LD RADICALLY REMOVE AN>*ISM FROM ! LIB]AT+ REALM ( ,5LI<T5M5T ?\<T & 5TOMB IT 9 ! MY/ICAL REALM ( ANTICIVILIZATIONISM1 TE*NOPHOBIA1 PRIMITIVISM1 & IRRATIONALISM4   

 ,CIVILIZATION & ,PROGRESS 

 ,= MANY YE>S1 9 MANY DIFF]5T ESSAYS1 AS ,I PO9T$ \T 9 ,S,A,L,A1 ,WATSON HAS %>PLY REJECT$ CIVILIZATION1 PRESUMABLY 9 ITS ,WE/]N =M 7AL?\< HE DEVOTES LITTLE SPACE TO D5UNCIATIONS ( ,ORI5TAL DESPOTISMS1 ) !IR MEGAME*ANICAL >MIES ( S]FLIKE GANG LABOR]S74  ,?US1 HE TOLD US 9 #a#i#i#a3 0,CIVILIZATION IS COM+ TO BE REG>D$ 4 4 4 AS A MALADAPTION ( ! SPECIES1 A FALSE TURN OR A K9D ( FEV] ?REAT5+ ! PLANET>Y WEB ( LIFE0 7,C,I,B1 P4 #a74  ,IT HAS BE5 LITTLE MORE ?AN 0A LABOR CAMP FROM ITS ORIG9S0 7,C,I,B1 P4 #a#b72 IT IS 0A MA*9E1 AN ORGANIZATION10 0A RIGID PYRAMID ( CRU%+ HI]>*IES10 0A GRID EXP&+ ! T]RITORY ( ! 9ORGANIC0 7,C,I,B1 P4 #a#b74  ,ITS 0RAILROAD LEADS NOT ONLY TO ECOCIDE1 BUT TO EVOLUTION>Y SUICIDE0 7,C,I,B1 P4 #a#c74   

 ,NOR IS IT M]ELY ONE OR SEV]AL ASPECTS ( CIVILIZATION ?AT EXHIBITS !SE QUALITIES3 IT IS CIVILIZATION AS SU*4  ,9 #aihh HE WROTE ?AT CIVILIZATION IS 0DE/RUCTIVE 9 ITS ESS5CE TO NATURE & HUMANITY0 7,H,D,D,E1 P4 #c74  ,9 #aihd HE WROTE ?AT WE MU/ BE 0WILL+ TO CONFRONT ! 5TIRETY ( ?IS CIVILIZATION & RECLAIM \R HUMANITY0 7,S,D,T1 P4 #a#a74 ,:ILE CONSID]+ ! MY/ICAL PAP ( ,MONICA ,SJOO & ,B>B>A ,MOR 79 !IR BOOK ,! ,GREAT ,MO!R ,GODDESS7 TO BE 0FASC9AT+10 HE NONE!LESS REPROA*ES !M = PLAC+ QUOTATION M>KS >\ND ! WORD CIVILIZATION BECAUSE IT SUGGE/S 0A REV]SE OR ALT]NATIVE P]SPECTIVE ON CIVILIZATION RA!R ?AN 4 4 4 *ALL5GE ITS T]MS ALTOGE!R0 7,C,I,B1 P4 #a#d1 N4 #b#c74  

 ,METAPHORS = CIVILIZATION AS A UNIT>Y1 MONOLI?IC GRID OR RAILROAD1 :OSE NATURE IS NECESS>ILY DE/RUCTIVE1 >E %ALL[1 UNM$IAT$1 & 9 FACT REACTION>Y4  ,BY PUTT+ QUOTATION M>KS >\ND 0CIVILIZATION10 A WRIT] CAN AT LEA/ ACKN[L$GE CIVILIZATION'S ADVANCES )\T ACCEPT+ ITS ABUSES4.<#h.>  ,IF ,WATSON WILL NOT ALL[ EV5 ?IS CONCESSION TO CIVILIZATION'S ROLE1 !N IT BECOMES CLE> ?AT = HIM1 R$EMPTION CAN BE A*IEV$ ONLY BY REGRESSION4  ,! RISE ( CIVILIZATION BECOMES HUMANITY'S GREAT LAPSE1 ITS ,FALL FROM ,$51 & 0\R HUMANITY0 CAN BE 0RECLAIM$0 ONLY ?R\< A PRELAPS>IAN RETURN TO ! LO/ ,$51 ?R\< RECOV]Y RA!R ?AN DISCOV]Y--9 %ORT1 ?R\< A D5IAL ( HUMANITY'S ADVANCE BEYOND ! HORIZON ( PREHI/ORY4   

 ,?IS SORT ( RUBBI% MAY HAVE BE5 GOOD CO9 9 M$IEVAL MONA/]IES4  ,BUT 9 ! LATE ,MIDDLE ,AGES1 FEW IDEAS 9 ,*RI/IAN !OLOGY DID MORE TO HOLD BACK ADVANCES 9 SCI5CE & EXP]IM5TAL RESE>* ?AN ! NOTION ?AT ) ! ,FALL1 HUMANITY LO/ ITS 9NOC5CE4  ,ONE ( ! ,5LI<T5M5T'S GREAT A*IEVEM5TS WAS TO PROVIDE A CRITICAL P]SPECTIVE ON ! PA/1 D5\NC+ ! TABOOS & %AMANI/IC TRICK]Y ?AT MADE TRIBAL PEOPLES ! VICTIMS ( UN?9K+ CU/OM AS WELL AS ! IRRATIONALITIES ?AT KEPT !M 9 BONDAGE TO HI]>*Y & CLASS RULE1 DESPITE ITS D5UNCIATIONS ( ,WE/]N CANT & >TIFICIALITIES4 

 ,NOR DOES ,WATSON HAVE ! LEA/ USE = ! IDEA ( PROGRESS2 9DE$1 HE EV5 D5IGRATES ! DEVELOPM5T ( WRIT+1 DISP>AG+ ! 0DOGMA ( ! 9H]5T SUP]IORITY ( ! WRITT5 TRADITION0 OV] NONLIT]ACY AS 0EMB>RASS+LY SIMPLI/IC0 7,B,B1 P4 #b#d7 & 0AN IMP]IAL TALE0 7,B,B1 P4 #a71 & PRAISES ! ORAL TRADITION4  ,BE=E ! WRITT5 WORD1 IT %\LD BE NOT$1 *IEFS1 %AMANS1 PRIE/S1 >I/OCRATS1 & MON>*S POSSESS$ A FREE-:EEL+ LIB]TY TO IMPROVISE WAYS TO REQUIRE ! OPPRESS$ TO S]VE !M4  ,IT WAS ! WRITT5 WORD1 EV5TUALLY1 ?AT SUBJECT$ !M TO ! RE/RICTIONS ( CLE>LY WORD$ & PUBLICLY ACCESSIBLE LAWS TO :I* !IR RULE1 9 SOME S5SE1 WAS ACC\NTABLE4  ,WRIT+ R5D]$ IT POSSIBLE = HUMANITY TO RECORD ITS CULTURE1 & 9SCRIB+ LAWS OR NOMOI W]E :]E ALL C\LD SEE !M REMA9S ONE ( ! GREAT ADVANCES ( CIVILIZATION4  ,?AT ! CALL = WRITT5 LAWS AS AGA9/ >BITR>Y DECISIONS BY RUL]S WAS A AGE-OLD DEM& ( ! OPPRESS$ IS EASILY =GOTT5 TODAY1 :5 !Y >E SO READILY TAK5 = GRANT$4  ,:5 ,WATSON >GUES ?AT ! E>LIE/ USES ( WRIT+ W]E = AU?ORIT>IAN OR 9/RUM5TAL PURPOSES1 HE CONFUSES ! ABILITY TO WRITE ) :AT WAS ACTUALLY WRITT5--& BETRAYS AN APPALL+ LACK ( HI/ORICAL KN[L$GE4 

 ,ON ! SUBJECT ( MOD]N M$IC9E1 \R POET--AS HE /YLES HIMSELF--DELIV]S HIMSELF ( ! SUBLIME VIEW ?AT 0IT C\LD CONCEIVABLY .<6.> TURN \T TO BE M$IC9E :I* EXT+UI%ES HUMANITY RA!R ?AN ECOLOGICAL DISA/] OR HUMAN CONFLAGRATION0 7,B,B1 P4 #a#a#e74  ,NOT NUCLE> W>8  ,NOT A T]RIFY+ & RAMPANT EPIDEMIC8  ,NOT EV5 0ECOLOGICAL DISA/]0--BUT M$IC9E8.<#i.> 

 ,WATSON'S REJECTION ( 0CIVILIZATION 9 BULK0 & HIS D5IAL ( EV5 ! MO/ OBVI\S ADVANCES ( PROGRESS LEAVES US ) ! CONCLUSION ?AT1 = HIM1 CIVILIZATION AS SU* MU/ EI!R BE ACCEPT$ OR REJECT$ 9 ITS 5TIRELY4  ,SU* M5TAL RIGIDITY1 SU* UNIT>Y DET]M9ISM1 GIVES US NO *OICE BUT TO DEF9E CIVILIZATION EXCLUSIVELY BY ITS EVILS4  ,ACCORD+LY1 :ILE ,WATSON CONC$ES ?AT MY DEF5SE ( CIVILIZATION'S A*IEVEM5TS 0MI<T REPRES5T 9 SOME S5SE :AT IS 'BE/' 9 ,WE/]N CULTURE10 IDEAS ( CIVILIZATION & PROGRESS 0HAVE ALSO TYPICALLY S]V$ AS CORE MY/IFICATIONS CONCEAL+ :AT IS WOR/0 7,B,B1 P4 #i74  ,= ,WATSON1 !N1 ! IDEA ( PROGRESS IS M]ELY A COV]-UP = ! S9S ( CIVILIZATION4  

 ,?AT ! 0(FICIAL /ORY0 ( PROGRESS CONTA9S BO? GOOD & EVIL1 9DE$ ?AT CIVILIZATION IS 0,JANUS-FAC$0 7,R,S1 P4 #a#h7 & CON/ITUTES A SUBTLE DIALECTIC BETWE5 A 0LEGACY ( FRE$OM0 & A 0LEGACY ( DOM9ATION0 7:I* ,I ELABORAT$ = NE>LY FIFTY PAGES 9 ,! ,ECOLOGY ( ,FRE$OM7 IS CONV5I5TLY IGNOR$ 9 ,WATSON'S DISCUSSION ( ?IS SUBJECT4  ,9/EAD1 HE DEBASES MY ACC\NT ( CIVILIZATION'S SUB/ANCE & =M1 DIVE/S MY DISCUSSION ( HI/ORY'S 9T]ACT+ DIALECTIC ( ALL ITS DEVELOPM5T1 FLE%1 BONE1 & BLOOD1 LEAV+ ONLY A /RAW MAN3  A BL9D *AMPION ( ALL ASPECTS ( CIVILIZATION1 ! UNM$IAT$ REV]SE ( HIS [N RADICALLY SIMPLI/IC REJECTION4  

 ,:I* IS NOT TO SAY ?AT ,WATSON IS UNAW>E ( HIS BUT*]Y ( IDEAS2 MU* LAT] 9 HIS BOOK1 & 9 AN 5TIRELY DIFF]5T CONTEXT1 HE LETS SLIP ! FACT ?AT ,I SEE ! 0CITY0 AS 0,JANUS FAC$ 4 4 4 9 ITS LOOK T[>D ! PROSPECT ( ACOMMON HUMANITY AS WELL AS 9 ITS LOOK T[>D B>B>ITIES 9 ! NAME ( PROGRESS0 7,B,B1 P4 #a#g#a2 QUOT+ ,R,S1 P4 #a#h74  ,UN=TUNATELY1 9 ! ORIG9AL PASSAGE FROM :I* HE DRAWS ?IS QUOTE1 ,I WROTE ?AT 0CIVILIZATION10 NOT ! 0CITY10 IS ,JANUS-FAC$--A DI/ORTION %\LD W>N ,WATSON'S READ]S AB\T ! NE$ TO REF] BACK TO MY WRIT+S :5EV] HE UND]TAKES TO QUOTE FROM ME4  

 ,:I* IS NOT TO SAY ?AT ,WATSON IS UNAW>E ( HIS BUT*]Y ( IDEAS2 MU* LAT] 9 HIS BOOK1 & 9 AN 5TIRELY DIFF]5T CONTEXT1 HE LETS SLIP ! FACT ?AT ,I SEE ! 0CITY0 AS 0,JANUS FAC$ 4 4 4 9 ITS LOOK T[>D ! PROSPECT ( ACOMMON HUMANITY AS WELL AS 9 ITS LOOK T[>D B>B>ITIES 9 ! NAME ( PROGRESS0 7,B,B1 P4 #a#g#a2 QUOT+ ,R,S1 P4 #a#h74  ,UN=TUNATELY1 9 ! ORIG9AL PASSAGE FROM :I* HE DRAWS ?IS QUOTE1 ,I WROTE ?AT 0CIVILIZATION10 NOT ! 0CITY10 IS ,JANUS-FAC$--A DI/ORTION %\LD W>N ,WATSON'S READ]S AB\T ! NE$ TO REF] BACK TO MY WRIT+S :5EV] HE UND]TAKES TO QUOTE FROM ME4   

 ,HAV+ 9S]T$ ?IS MISQUOTATION AT ! BOOK'S 5D1 ,WATSON FEELS FREE TO DESCRIBE ME AS ! 0LONE DEF5D] ( CIVILIZATION0 7,B,B1 P4 #g71 AT ! V]Y BEG9N+ ! BOOK4  ,?IS HONOR1 H[EV]1 IS TOO GREAT = ME TO BE> ALONE4  ,I MU/ %>E MY LAURELS ) ,LEWIS ,MUM=D1 :O 7EV5 MORE ?AN ,LANGDON ,W9N]1 ,LAO-,TZU1 & ,FR$Y ,P]LMAN7 SEEMS TO BE ! SUPREME GURU ( ,WATSON'S 0FUTURE SOCIAL ECOLOGY40  ,AS IT TURNS \T1 ,MUM=D ALSO POSIT$ A DUAL LEGACY = CIVILIZATION--&1 LIKE ,MOR & ,SJOO1 PUT QUOTATION M>KS >\ND 0CIVILIZATION0 TO CITE ONE ( !M4.<#a.>  

 ,9 FACT1 ,MUM=D EXPLICITLY CONDEMN$ ANTICIVILIZATIONI/ POSITIONS LIKE ! ONE ,WATSON ESP\SES1 DESCRIB+ !M AS A 0NIHILI/ REACTION40  0,! ?REAT5$ ANNIHILATION ( MAN BY HIS FAVOR$ TE*NOLOGICAL & 9/ITUTIONAL AUTOMATISMS10 HE ONCE LAM5T$1 04 4 4 HAS 9 TURN BR\<T AB\T AN EQUALLY DEVA/AT+ C\NT]-ATTACK--AN ATTACK AGA9/ CIVILIZATION ITSELF40.<#a#a.>  ,MUM=D BLUNTLY REPUDIAT$ 0! NOTION ?AT 9 ORD] TO AVOID ! PR$ICTABLE CALAMITIES ?AT ! P[] COMPLEX IS BR++ AB\T1 ONE MU/ DE/ROY ! :OLE FABRIC ( HI/ORIC CIVILIZATION & BEG9 ALL OV] AGA9 ON AN 5TIRELY FRE% F\NDATION40.<#a#b.>  ,HE OBJECT$ TO 0A REVOLT AGA9/ ALL HI/ORIC CULTURE--NOT M]ELY AGA9/ AN OV]-P[]$ TE*NOLOGY & AN OV]-SPECIALIZ$1 MISAPPLI$ 9TELLIG5CE1 BUT AGA9/ ANY HI<] MANIFE/ATIONS ( ! M9D40.<#a#c.>    

 ,! ONLY P]SON H]E :O W\LD SEEM TO HAVE DIFFICULTY ACCEPT+ ! EXI/5CE ( AMBIGUITIES 9 CIVILIZATION APPE>S TO BE ,WATSON HIMSELF1 ! UNWAV]+ D5\NC] 0CIVILIZATION 9 BULK40   

 ,TE*NOPHOBIA  

,IF ,WATSON CLAIMS ?AT ! GOOD ?AT CIVILIZATION (F]S IS M]ELY A VEIL = ITS EVILS1 IT IS NOT LIKELY ?AT HE & ,I WILL EV] AGREE ON SO PROVOCATIVE AN ISSUE AS TE*NOLOGY4  ,MY CONVICTION IS ?AT PRODUCTIVE & COMMUNICATIONS TE*NOLOGIES WILL BE NE$$ BY A RATIONAL SOCIETY 9 ORD] TO FREE HUMANITY FROM ! TOIL & ! MAT]IAL UNC]TA9TIES 7AS WELL AS NATURAL ONES7 ?AT HAVE 9 ! PA/ %ACKL$ ! HUMAN SPIRIT TO A NE>LY EXCLUSIVE CONC]N = SUBSI/5CE4  ,WATSON1 BY CONTRA/1 IS AN \TRI<T TE*NOPHOBE4    

 ,:AT MAKES ?IS DISAGREEM5T P>TICUL>LY ABRASIVE1 H[EV]1 IS HIS P]SI/5T T5D5CY TO MISREPRES5T MY VIEWS4  ,CONSID]1 = EXAMPLE1 HIS ASS]TION ?AT BECAUSE MY 0NOTION ( SOCIAL EVOLUTION IS CLE>LY L9K$ .<6.> TO TE*NOLOGICAL DEVELOPM5T & AN EXPANSION ( PRODUCTION0 7,B,B1 P4 #i#f71 ,I AM AN ICY TE*NOCRAT :O RHAPSODIZES AB\T ! TE*NICS ( ! 0MEGAMA*9E10 ESPECIALLY ! *EMICAL & NUCLE> 9DU/RIES4.<#a#d.>  ,WATSON1 :O SEEMS TO HAVE DIFFICULTY ACKN[L$G+ ! EXI/5CE EV5 ( A M]E 0L9K10 AS HE PUTS IT1 BETWE5 TE*NOLOGICAL & SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T1 P]=MS ! K9D ( FABRICATION AT :I* HE EXCELS & TURNS A 0L9K0 9TO SUFFICI5T CAUSE3 

 ,ONLY .<6.> TE*NOLOGICAL DEVELOPM5T1 .<,BOOK*9.> SAYS1 W\LD BR+ 0A BALANCE 4 4 4 BETWE5 A SUFFICI5CY ( ! MEANS ( LIFE1 A RELATIVE FRE$OM ( TIME TO FULFILL ONE'S ABILITIES 9 ! MO/ ADVANC$ LEVELS ( HUMAN A*IEVEM5T1 A DEGREE ( SELF-CONSCI\SNESS1 COMPLEM5T>ITY1 & RECIPROCITY ?AT CAN BE CALL$ TRULY HUMAN 9 FULL RECOGNITION ( HUMANITY'S POT5TIALITIES0 .<,E,F3 #f#g-#f#h.>4 7,B,B1 P4 #i#f7 

 ,9 FACT1 ! READ] :O CONSULTS ! :OLE PASSAGE FROM :I* ,WATSON HAS CYNICALLY CLIPP$ ?IS QUOTATION WILL F9D ?AT ,I MADE NO /ATEM5T ?AT 0TE*NOLOGICAL DEVELOPM5T0 ALONE CREATES !SE M>VELS4  ,QUITE TO ! CONTR>Y1 BY 9S]T+ ! WORD 0ONLY0 & CLIPP+ ! WORDS AFT] 0BALANCE10 ,WATSON DI/ORTS MY CLAIM4  ,:AT ,I ACTUALLY WROTE WAS NOT ?AT TE*NOLOGY WILL BR+ SU* A 0BALANCE0 BUT ?AT A 0BALANCE MU/ BE /RUCK BETWE5 A SUFFICI5CY ( ! MEANS ( LIFE0 & SELF-CONSCI\SNESS1 COMPLEM5T>ITY1 RECIPROCITY1 & SO ON4  ,?AT IS1 TE*NOLOGICAL DEVELOPM5T1 F> FROM 0BR++0 !SE FEATURES1 MU/ 0/RIKE A BALANCE0 ) !M6    

 ,! SAME MISQUOT$ PASSAGE FROM ,! ,ECOLOGY ( ,FRE$OM LEADS 9TO DISCUSSION ( ! FACT ?AT MAT]IAL SC>CITY IS NOT ONLY ! RESULT ( PHYSICALLY LIMIT+ CONDITIONS BUT IS ALSO 0SOCIALLY 9DUC$0 & 0MAY OCCUR EV5 :5 TE*NICAL DEVELOPM5T SEEMS TO R5D] MAT]IAL SC>CITY COMPLETELY UNW>RANT$4 4 4 4 ,A SOCIETY ?AT HAS 5L>G$ ! CULTURAL GOALS ( HUMAN LIFE MAY G5]ATE MAT]IAL SC>CITY EV5 :5 ! TE*NICAL CONDITIONS EXI/ = A*IEV+ \TRI<T SUP]FLUITY 9 ! MEANS ( LIFE0 7,E,F1 P4 #f#h1 EMPHASES ADD$74  ,EXPRESS$ 9 MORE G5]AL T]MS3 TE*NICS IS A NECESS>Y CONDITION = PROGRESS1 BUT IT IS NOT A SUFFICI5T ONE4  ,LET EMPHASIZE QUITE /RONGLY1 AS ,I HAVE REPEAT$LY >GU$1 ?AT )\T MORAL1 9TELLECTUAL1 CULTURAL1 &1 YES1 SPIRITUAL PROGRESS1 A RATIONAL SOCIETY WILL BE IMPOSSIBLE TO A*IEVE4    

 ,9 ! SAME PASSAGE1 ,I !N W5T ON TO DISCUSS ! 0FETI%IZATION ( NE$S0 ?AT CAPITALISM CREATES1 & :I* A RATIONAL SOCIETY W\LD ELIM9ATE4  ,?AT IS1 CAPITALISM CREATES >TIFICIAL NE$S BY MAK+ PEOPLE FEEL !Y MU/ BUY ! MO/ /ATUS-ELEVAT+ MOTOR VEHICLE OR ! FA/E/ COMPUT] 9 ! M>KET4    

 ,WATSON'S DI/ORTION ( MY VIEWS CANNOT BE WRITT5 (F AS ACCID5TAL2 9DE$1 IT IS H>D TO BELIEVE ?AT IT IS NOT CYNICALLY DELIB]ATE1 LEAD+ ME TO CONCLUDE ?AT HE IS A DEMAGOGUE :O REG>DS HIS READ]S AS GULLIBLE FOOLS4 

 ,:AT IS BASIC TO MY VIEWS IS ?AT ! ECOLOGICAL CRISIS IS MORE ! RESULT ( ! CAPITALI/ ECONOMY1 ) ITS GR[-OR-DIE IMP]ATIVES1 ?AN ( TE*NOLOGY OR 0MASS TE*NICS40  ,CAPITALI/ 5T]PRISE EMPLOYS TE*NOLOGIES TO PRODUCE ON A WIDE SCALE = ! M>KET1 BUT 9 ! 5D !SE TE*NOLOGIES REMA9 ! 9/RUM5TS ( CAPITALISM1 NOT ITS MOTOR1 AMPLIFY+ ! EFFECTS ( A GR[-OR-DIE ECONOMY ?AT IS RU9\S TO ! NATURAL WORLD4  ,YET AS DEVA/AT+ AS ! EFFECTS ( TE*NOLOGY CAN BE :5 DRIV5 TO MAXIMUM USE BY CAPITALI/ IMP]ATIVES1 TE*NOLOGIES ON !IR [N C\LD NOT HAVE PROVID$ ! IMP]ATIVES ?AT PRODUC$ ! ECOLOGICAL DAMAGE WE >E N[ WITNESS+4   

 ,NOR DO ! TE*NOLOGIES ?AT CAPITALISM DRIVES TO ! PO9T ( WREAK+ ECOLOGICAL DE/RUCTION NE$ ALWAYS BE SOPHI/ICAT$ 9DU/RIAL ONES4  ,! ROMANTIC HEA?S ( ,YORK%IRE ?AT EXCITE SU* WOND] 9 TRAVEL]S TODAY W]E ONCE COV]$ BY /ATELY =E/S ?AT W]E SUBSEQU5TLY CUT D[N TO PRODUCE ! *>COAL ?AT FUEL$ ! MAK+ ( METALS EV5 BE=E CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T 9 ,BRITA9 GOT UND] WAY4  ,EUROPEAN 5TREPR5EURS 9 ,NOR? ,AM]ICA US$ M]E AXES1 ADZES1 & HAMM]S TO CLE> =E/$ L&4  ,A NE>LY ,NEOLI?IC TE*NOLOGY DE=E/$ MU* ( ,EUROPE 9 ! LATE ,MIDDLE ,AGES1 WELL 9 ADVANCE ( ! 0MEGAMA*9E0 & ! IMPACTS ,WATSON ASSIGNS TO IT4  

 ,TO DI/+UI% HIS [N VIEW ( ! RELATION%IP BETWE5 TE*NOLOGY1 CAPITALISM1 & ! RE/ ( SOCIETY FROM M9E1 ,WATSON TURNS PHILOSOPHICAL4  ,HE DISP>AGES MY O/5SIBLY SIMPLI/IC WAYS ( ?9K+ 9 FAVOR ( HIS SUPPOS$LY MORE DIALECTICAL M5TAL PROCESSES4  ,I AM NOT AT ALL SURE :AT ,WATSON ?9KS DIALECTICS IS2 9/EAD ( /&+ ON HIS [N PHILOSOPHICAL GR\ND1 HE TURNS TO ,JOHN ,CL>K = A QUICK PHILOSOPHY LESSON4  ,CL>K1 :OSE PHILOSOPHICAL 9SI<TS ,I HAVE ALWAYS F\ND TO BE LESS ?AN TR5*ANT1 ADVISES ,WATSON ?AT M]E CAUSAL NOTIONS1 PRESUMABLY ( ! K9D ,I ADVANCE CONC]N+ CAPITALISM1 >E 0UNI-DIRECTIONAL40  ,DIALECTICS1 HE ADVISES US1 MU/ 9/EAD BE UND]/OOD 9 ! FOLL[+ T]MS3  0,IF ! .<SOCIAL.> TOTALITY IS TAK5 AS ! :OLE (SOCIETY1 RA!R ?AN ! SUP]/RUCTURE1 & IF RECIPROCITY IS EXT5D$ TO 5COMPASS ALL RELATIONS1 9CLUD+ ! ECONOMIC ONES1 !N ?IS REPRES5TS A MODEL = A DIALECTICAL SOCIAL !ORY 9 ! FULL S5SE0 7QUOT$ 9 ,B,B1 P4 #a#e#g2 EMPHASIS ADD$74  ,PUT 9 LESS POMP\S LANGUAGE3  ,WE CAN ID5TIFY NO S+LE CAUSE AS MORE COMPELL+ ?AN O!RS2 RA!R1 ALL POSSIBLE FACTORS >E MUTUALLY DET]M9+4   

,?IS MORASS ( 0RECIPROCITY10 9 :I* EV]Y?+ 9 ! WORLD IS 9 A RECIPROCAL RELATION%IP ) EV]Y?+ ELSE1 IS PRECISELY :AT DIALECTICAL CAUSALITY IS NOT1 UNLESS WE WANT TO EQUATE DIALECTICS ) *AOS4 ,DIALECTICS IS A PHILOSOPHY ( DEVELOPM5T1 NOT ( MUTUALLY DET]M9+ FACTORS 9 SOME K9D ( /ATIC EQUILIBRIUM4  ,AL?\< ON SOME REMOTE LEVEL1 EV]Y?+ DOES AFFECT EV]Y?+ ELSE1 SOME ?+S >E 9 FACT V]Y SIGNIFICANTLY MORE DET]M9+ ?AN O!RS4  ,P>TICUL>LY 9 SOCIAL & HI/ORICAL PH5OM5A1 SOME CAUSES >E MAJOR1 :ILE O!RS >E SECOND>Y & ADV5TITI\S4  ,DIALECTICAL CAUSALITY FOCUSES ON :AT IS ESS5TIAL 9 PRODUC+ *ANGE1 ON ! UND]LY+ MOTIVAT+ FACTORS1 AS DI/+UI%$ FROM ! 9CID5TAL & AUXILI>Y4  ,9 A =E/ ECOCOMMUNITY1 = EXAMPLE1 ALL SPECIES MAY AFFECT ALL O!RS1 H[EV] TRIVIALLY1 BUT SOME--! MO/ NUM]\S TREES1 = EXAMPLE-->E F> MORE PROM95T ?AN ! F]NS AT !IR BASE 9 DET]M9+ ! NATURE ( ?AT =E/4 

 ,9 ,CL>K'S BEFUDDL$ UND]/&+ ( DIALECTIC1 H[EV]1 A POTP\RRI ( CAUSES >E SO 09T]RELAT$0 7A MAGIC WORD 9 MOD]N ECOBABBLE7 ) ONE ANO!R ?AT MAJOR & SECOND>Y CAUSES >E IMPOSSIBLE TO DI/+UI%4  ,WATSON NONE!LESS ACCEPTS ,CL>K'S WILD MIX ( 0RECIPROCITY0 NOT ONLY AS S]I\S ?9K+ BUT AS TRUE DIALECTICS & BL&LY 9CORPORATES IT 9TO HIS [N POSITION ON TE*NICS4 0,IT MAKES NO S5SE10 HE SAGACI\SLY MUSES1 0TO LAY] ! V>I\S ELEM5TS ( ?IS PROCESS 9 A ME*ANI/IC .<6.> HI]>*Y ( FIR/ .<6.> CAUSE & SECOND>Y EFFECTS0--?AT IS1 TO ASSIGN GREAT] POT5CY TO EI!R CAPITALISM OR EV5 TE*NOLOGY AS G5]AT+ ! ECOLOGICAL CRISIS4  0,!RE IS NO SIMPLE OR S+LE ETIOLOGY TO ?IS PLAGUE1 BUT A SYN]GY ( VECTORS0 7,B,B1 P4 #a#b#h74   

 ,WATSON !N GOES ON TO (F] US HIS V]SION ( A 0SYN]GY ( VECTORS03 ! MEGAMA*9E4  ,?IS IS A CONCEPT HE BORR[S FROM ,MUM=D1 9 :I* TE*NICS1 ECONOMICS1 POLITICS1 ! MILIT>Y1 BUREAUCRACY1 IDEOLOGY1 & ! LIKE >E ALL ONE GIANT MONOLI?IC 0MA*9E10 ALL ( !M SO CLOSELY 9T]RELAT$ AS TO BE CAUSALLY 9DI/+UI%ABLE4  ,9 ?IS UNIV]SE ETIOLOGY IS 9DE$ MEAN+LESS2 EV]Y?+ IS ! 0SYN]GY ( VECTORS0 KN[N AS ! MEGAMA*9E4  
  

 ,/ILL1 9 SOME PASSAGES ( ,B,B1 ETIOLOGY SNEAKS BACK 9TO ,WATSON'S R>EFI$ DIALECTICAL COGITATIONS3  0,TE*NOLOGY ALSO =MS A MATRIX10 7,B,B1 P4 #a#b#e71 HE TELLS US1 0BY WAY ( A SYN]GI/IC T5D5CY TO RE%APE ! PATT]N )9 :I* IT EM]G$0 7,B,B1 P4 #a#b#e74  ,NOT ONLY DO 0TE*NOLOGICAL RELATIONS0 7:ATEV] !Y MAY BE7 0%APE HUMAN ACTION07,B,B1 P4 #a#b71 BUT 9 SOME SOCIETIES 0TE*NOLOGY HAS ?OR\<LY %AP$ & R$EF9$ ! SOCIAL IMAG9>Y0 7,B,B1 P4 #a#b#d74    

 ,F> FROM ADVANC+ A 0SYN]GY ( VECTORS10 9 FACT1 ,WATSON ADVANCES A V]Y CLE> 0ETIOLOGY10 ) ONE V]Y CLE> DET]M9+ CAUSE3 TE*NOLOGY4  ,A DECADE & A HALF ( ,WATSON'S WRIT+S %[ ?AT HE HAS BE5 CONSI/5T 7MI<T ONE EV5 SAY DOGMATIC87 ON ?IS SCORE3    

 0,! TE*NOLOGICAL APP>ATUS HAS TRANS=M$ HUMAN RELATIONS 5TIRELY1 RECREAT+ US 9 ITS IMAGE40 7,A,T,M1 P4#e7  

 0,TE*NOLOGY IS NOT A TOOL BUT AN 5VIRONM5T1 A TOTALITY ( MEANS 5CLOS+ US 9 ITS AUTOMATISM ( NE$ & PRODUCTION & ! GEOMETRIC RUNAWAY ( ITS [N DEVELOPM5T40 7,S,D,T1 P4 #a#a7   

 ,\R 0=M ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATION1 AN 9T]CONNECTION & /RATIFICATION ( TASKS & AU?ORIT>IAN COMM&0 IS  0NECESSITAT$ BY ! 5ORMITY & COMPLEXITY ( ! MOD]N TE*NOLOGICAL SY/EM 9 ALL ( ITS ACTIVITIES4 7,S,D,T1 P4 #a#a7  

 0,! DIRECTION ( GOV]NANCE FL[S FROM ! TE*NICAL CONDITIONS TO PEOPLE & !IR SOCIAL >RANGEM5TS1 NOT ! O!R WAY >\ND4  ,:AT WE F9D1 !N1 IS NOT A TOOL WAIT+ PASSIVELY TO BE US$ BUT A TE*NICAL 5SEMBLE ?AT DEM&S R\T9IZ$ BEHAVIOR40 7,W9N] QUOT$ 9 ,S,D,T1 P4 #a#a7  

 ,MASS TE*NICS IS 0A ONE-WAY B>RAGE ( MY/IFICATION & CONTROL40 7,S,D,T1 P4 #a#a7 

 0,MASS TE*NICS HAVE BECOME 4 4 4 '/RUCTURES :OSE CONDITIONS ( OP]ATION DEM& ! RE/RUCTUR+ ( !IR 5VIRONM5TS4'0 7,W9N] QUOT$ 9 ,S,I,H1 P4 #a7 

 ,!SE QUOTATIONS GIVE 0UNI-DIRECTIONAL0 DET]M9ISM A BAD NAME4  ,SO HABITUAT$ IS ,WATSON TO MAK+ SU* ALL-5COMPASS+ /ATEM5TS ?AT1 EV5 :ILE HE WAS WRIT+ ,B,B1 HE SOMETIMES =GOT AB\T ,CL>KEAN 0DIALECTICS40 ,TE*NOLOGY1 HE WRITES1 0BR+.<S.> 4 4 4 AB\T IMP]ATIVES UNANTICIPAT$ BY !IR CREATORS1 :I* IS TO SAY3 TE*NOLOGICAL MEANS COME ) !IR [N REP]TOIRE ( 5DS0 7,B,B1 P4 #a#b2 ! EMPHASES H]E & 9 ! NEXT P>AGRAPHS >E M9E74  0,TE*NICIZATION0 IS 0N[ EXT+UI%+ VA/ SKE9S 9 ! FABRIC ( LIFE0 7,B,B1 P4 #a#b#f74  ,! TE*NOLOGICAL SY/EM 0REQUIRES0 PEOPLE TO OP]ATE )9 IT 7,B,B1 P4 #a#d#c74  ,TE*NICS MAKES 0HI]>*Y1 SPECIALIZATION1 & /RATIFI$1 COMP>TM5TALIZ$ ORGANIZATIONAL /RUCTURES 4 4 4 9ESCAPABLE0 7,B,B1 P4 #a#d#d74    

 ,A SIMIL> 9TELLECTUALLY P>ALYZ+ R$UCTIONISM IS ALSO REFLECT$ 9 PASSAGES ,WATSON QUOTES FROM O!R AU?ORS4  ,JACQUES ,ELLUL IS TROTT$ 9 TO SAY ?AT TE*NOLOGY IS E/ABLI%+ 0A NEW TOTALITY0 7,B,B1 P4 #a#d#d74  ,IVAN ,ILLI* REM>KS ON 0! 9DU/RIALLY DET]M9$ %APE ( \R EXPECTATIONS0 7,B,B1 P4 #a#d#b74  ,LANGDON ,W9N] OBS]VES ?AT ALL TOOLS 0EVOKE A NECESS>Y REACTION FROM ! P]SON US+ !M0 7,B,B1 P4 #a#b#f7 & ?AT 0! TE*NICAL 5SEMBLE DEM&S R\T9IZ$ BEHAVIOR0 7#a#d#d74  ,&3  

 0,ULTIMATELY10 .<,W9N].> EXPLA9S1 0! /E]+ IS 9H]5T 9 ! FUNCTION+ ( SOCIALLY ORGANIZ$ TE*NOLOGY ITSELF10 :I* IS TO SAY ?AT ! [N]S & BOSSES MU/ /E] AT ! CONTROLS !IR TE*NOLOGY PROVIDES4  ,AS ! MON/] SAYS TO ,DOCTOR ,FRANK5/E91 0,Y\ >E MY CREATOR1 BUT ,I AM Y\R MA/]40 7,B,B1 P4 #a#d#c7.<#a#e.> 

 ,NOT ONLY DOES ,WATSON S+LE \T TE*NOLOGY AS A DET]M9+ CAUSE1 HE EXPLICITLY REG>DS CAPITALISM AS SECOND>Y1 A M]E EXPRESSION ( A SUPPOS$ TE*NOLOGICAL IMP]ATIVE4  0,M>KET CAPITALISM10 HE WRITES1 0HAS BE5 EV]Y:]E ! VEHICLE = A MASS MEGATE*NIC CIVILIZATION0 7,B,B1 P4 #a#b#f74 ,ACCORD+LY1 IT IS NOT SIMPLY 0CAPITALI/ GRE$0 ?AT PRODUCES OIL SPILLS2 0NOT ONLY CAPITALI/ GR[-OR-DIE ECONOMIC *OICES1 BUT ! V]Y NATURE ( ! COMPLEX PETRO*EMICAL GRID ITSELF MAKES DISA/]S 9EVITABLE0 7,B,B1 P4 #a#b74   

 ,I HAVE (T5 WRITT5 ?AT1 BECAUSE CAPITALISM IS /ILL DEVELOP+ SO RAPIDLY1 WE CANNOT BE SURE :AT ACTUALLY CON/ITUTES MATURE CAPITALISM4  ,WATSON PUTS HIS [N SP9 ON MY =MULATION & (F]S A R$EF9ITION ( CAPITALISM ?AT IS SO BROAD AS IT /RIP IT ( ITS SPECIFIC FEATURES & SUBM]GE IT TO ! MEGAMA*9E ALTOGE!R3  
  

 ,WE NE$ A L>G] DEF9ITION ( CAPITALISM ?AT 5COMPASSES NOT ONLY M>KET RELATIONS & ! P[] ( B\RGEOIS & BUREAUCRATIC ELITES .<6.> BUT ! V]Y /RUCTURE & CONT5T ( MASS TE*NICS1 R$UCTIVE RATIONALITY & ! UNIV]SE !Y E/ABLI%2 ! SOCIAL IMAG9>IES ( PROGRESS1 GR[?1 & EFFICI5CY2 ! GR[+ P[] ( ! /ATE2 & ! MAT]IALIZATION1 OBJECTIFICATIONS & QUANTIFICATION ( NATURE1 CULTURE & HUMAN P]SONALITY4  7,B,B1 P4 #a#b#f7 

 ,SO MU* IS 9CLUD$ )9 ?IS 0L>G]0 DEF9ITION ( CAPITALISM ?AT CAPITALISM 9 ITS SPECIFICITY & 9 ALL ITS PHASES IS COMPLETELY LO/4 ,ELSE:]E1 9 A QU9TESS5TIAL EXAMPLE ( HIS OBSCURANTISM1 ,WATSON TELLS US ) F9ALITY3 0,TE*NOLOGY IS CAPITAL0 7,A,T,M1 P4 #e74  

 ,F>EWELL TO TWO C5TURIES ( POLITICAL ECONOMY & DEBATES OV] ! NATURE ( CAPITALISM3  OV] :E!R IT IS A SOCIAL RELATION 7,M>X71 MA*9ES & LABOR 7,SMI? & ,RIC>DO71 A M]E FACTOR ( PRODUCTION 7NEO-CAPITALI/ ECONOMI/S7 OR1 MO/ BRILLIANTLY1 ! TEE? ( A TIG] 7,H4 ,G4 ,WELLS76  ,F>EWELL TO ! CLASS /RUGGLE6 ,F>EWELL TO AN ECONOMICS ( SOCIAL & CLASS RELATIONS6  ,:5 ,WATSON SL[S D[N HIS D]VI%LIKE :IRL & GIVES US A *ANCE TO EXAM9E HIS EC/ATIC SP9N+1 WE F9D ?AT IT LEADS TO ! ELIM9ATION ( ! SOCIAL QUE/ION ITSELF1 AS A C5TURY ( SOCIALI/ ?\<T CALL$ IT4  ,WATSON IS N[ H]E TO APPRIZE US ?AT ! GREAT CONFLICT ?AT HAS BELEAGU]$ HI/ORY IS NOT REALLY WORK]S & BOSSES1 OR BETWE5 SUBJECTS & ELITES4  ,FOOLS ?AT WE HAVE BE5--IT IS BETWE5 HUMAN BE+S & !IR MA*9ES6  ,MA*9ES >E NOT ! EMBODIM5T ( ALI5AT$ LABOR BUT 9 FACT ! 0SOCIAL IMAG9>Y0 ?AT LOOMS OV] !M & CONTROL !IR LIVES6  ,& ALL ?IS TIME1 ,M>X1 ,BAKUN91 ,KROPOTK91 ET AL4 FOOLI%LY LABOR$ UND] ! ILLUSION ?AT ! SOCIAL QUE/ION /EMS FROM EXPLOITATION & DOM9ATION1 SC>CITY & TOIL4 

 ,IF MY CONCLUSION SEEMS OV]/AT$1 !N ,I W\LD SUGGE/ ?AT READ]S FOLL[ ,WATSON HIMSELF D[N 9TO HIS D>K VALLEY ( TE*NOLOGICAL ABSURDITY4 ,APPROV+LY QUOT+ ,LANGDON ,W9N]1 ,WATSON 5JO9S US TO PRACTICE 0EPI/EMOLOGICAL LUDDISM0 AS A 0ME?OD ( 9QUIRY0 7,B,B1 P4 #a#c#b74  ,TO ?OSE :O NOTICE ?AT !SE PHRASES >E EMPTY1 ,WATSON CONC$ES ?AT !Y >E 09*OATE & EMBRYONIC0 7,B,B1 P4 #a#c#b7--SO :Y PRES5T !M8  ,BUT ONLY ?REE P>AGRAPHS LAT]1 WE LE>N ?AT ,WATSON'S LUDDISM IS NOT M]ELY 0EPI/EMOLOGICAL0 OR A 0ME?OD ( 9QUIRY40  ,RA!R1 IT IS A CONCRETE AG5DA4 ,WE WILL REQUIRE1 HE 5JO9S1 0A C>EFUL NEGOTIATION ) TE*NICS0 & 7APPROV+LY QUOT+ ! MY/IC ,!ODORE ,ROSZAK7 0! SELECTIVE R$UCTION ( 9DU/RIALISM0 7,B,B1 P4 #a#c#c74   

 ,ROSZAK1 AT LEA/1 WAS S5SIBLE 5\< TO SPEAK ( A SELECTIVE R$UCTION ( 9DU/RIALISM4  ,= ,WATSON1 H[EV]1 SELECTIVITY ALL BUT DISAPPE>S1 & HIS 0NEGOTIAT$0 DISMANTL+ ( 9DU/RY BECOMES NO?+ LESS ?AN SPECTACUL>4 0,LET'S BEG9 DISMANTL+ ! NOXI\S /RUCTURES10 HE HAS 5JO9$2 0LET'S DECON/RUCT ! TE*NOLOGICAL WORLD0 7,B,P,A1 P4 #b#f74  ,WE HAVE TO 0DISMANTLE MASS TE*NICS0 7,S,I,H1 P4 #a#a7--?AT IS TO SAY1 ALL ?OSE 0VECTORS0 ?AT MAKE UP ! 0MEGAMA*9E0 & CIVILIZATION4   

 ,:AT IS ,WATSON'S OP5+ 0NEGOTIAT+0 POSITION8  ,= ! MO/ P>T1 9 HIS O!R WRIT+S1 HE HAS LONG AVOID$ NAM+ :I* TE*NOLOGIES HE W\LD KEEP & :I* HE W\LD DISPOSE (1 EV5 AIRILY DISP>AG+ ! QUE/ION4  ,BUT = ONE :O WI%ES TO 0NEGOTIATE10 ! NECESSITY = HIM TO ID5TIFY TE*NOLOGIES HE FAVORS & DISFAVORS %\LD BE SELF-EVID5T4  ,!SE O!R WRIT+S GIVE US SOME IDEA ( ,WATSON'S ALT]NATIVE TO ! CAGE ( MEGAME*ANICAL CIVILIZATION4   

0,LET'S RE=E/ & REF>M ! CITIES10 HE C\NSELS2 0NO MORE BUILD+ PROJECTS1 GIANT HOSPITALS1 NO MORE ROAD REPAIR0 7,B,P,A1 P4 #b#f74  ,I MAY BE SIMPLE-M9D$1 BUT ?IS SEEMS TO BE A CALL TO PULL D[N CITIES & R$UCE !M TO =E/S & F>ML&4  ,9 ! ABS5CE ( CITIES & ROADS1 ,WATSON SEEMS TO WANT US TO RETURN TO SMALL-SCALE F>M+1 0A CLE> CONTEXT :]E SMALL SCALE1 ! 'S(TNESS' ( TE*NICS1 LABOR-9T5SIV5ESS1 & TE*NICAL LIMITS ALL CRUCIALLY MATT]0 7,B,B1 P4 #a#c#h74  ,CLE>LY TRACTORS & ! LIKE WILL BE EXCLUD$--!Y >E CLE>LY PRODUCTS ( ! MEGAMA*9E4  ,BUT ,I W\LD HOPE ,WATSON'S BRAVE NEW WORLD WILL NOT BE SO EXTREME AS TO EXCLUDE ! PL[ & HORSES--OR >E WE BE+ DOM9E]+ IF WE PUT HORSES 9TO H>NESSES8   

 0,/OP ! EXPON5TIAL GR[? ( 9=MATION1 PULL ! PLUG ON ! COMMUNICATIONS SY/EM0 7,B,P,A1 P4 #b#f74  ,WE W\LD ?US HAVE TO ELIM9ATE COMPUT]S & TELECOMMUNICATIONS2 F>EWELL1 TOO1 TO TELEGRAPHS1 RADIOS1 & TELEPHONES6  ,IT IS JU/ AS WELL WE DO SO1 S9CE ,WATSON DOESN'T UND]/& TELEPHONES3  ! WORK ( TELEPHONE L9E WORK]S1 HE SAYS1 IS 0A MY/]Y0 TO HIM 7,B,B1 P4 #a#d#f74  ,SO GOOD RIDDANCE6  ,HE HAS ALSO WRITT5 ?AT 0! :EEL IS NOT AN EXT5SION ( ! FOOT1 BUT A SIMULATION :I* DE/ROYS ! ORIG9AL0 7,M,C,G,V1 P4 #a#a1 EMPHASIS ADD$74  ,SO AWAY ) ! :EEL6  ,AWAY ) EV]Y?+ ?AT 0SIMULATES0 FEET6  ,& :O KN[S--AWAY ) ! POTT]'S :EEL1 :I* IS A 0SIMULATION0 ( ! H&6   

 ,AS TO 5]GY S\RCES1 ,WATSON REALLY PUTS US 9 A PICKLE4  ,HE DISAPPROVES ( 0! ELABORATE 5]GY SY/EM REQUIR$ TO RUN0 H\SEHOLD APPLIANCES & O!R MA*9ES1 S9CE IT R5D]S PEOPLE 0DEP5D5T0 7,*RI/OPH] ,LAS* QUOT$ 9 ,B,B1 P4 #a#d#a74  ,SO--AWAY ) ! MASS G5]ATION ( ELECTRICITY1 & EV]Y MA*9E ?AT RUNS ON IT6  ,NE$LESS TO SAY1 ALL FOSSIL AS WELL AS NUCLE> FUELS WILL HAVE TO GO4  ,P]HAPS WE C\LD TURN TO R5EWABLE 5]GY AS AN ALT]NATIVE--BUT NO1 ,WATSON HAS ALSO VOIC$ HIS SOV]EIGN DISAPPROVAL ( 0SOL>1 W9D & WAT] TE*NOLOGIES0 AS PRODUCTS ( 0AN AU?ORIT>IAN &HI]>*ICAL DIVISION ( LABOR0 7,N,/1 P4 #d74  ,ALL ( ?IS LEAVES US ) LITTLE MORE ?AN \R [N MUSCLES TO P[] \R EXI/5CE4  ,YES1 0REVOLUTION WILL BE A K9D ( RETURN0 7,B,B1 P4 #a#d71 9DE$6  

 ,TO BE SURE1 WE WILL ELIM9ATE SU* NOXI\S PRODUCTS ( ! MEGAMA*9E AS WEAPONS1 BUT IF WE ALSO DISP5SE ) ROADS 7CLE>LY IF WE DO NOT REPAIR !M1 !Y WILL DISAPPE>71 TYPEWRIT]S & COMPUT]S 7EXCEPT ! COMPUT] [N$ BY ,FIF? ,E/ATE1 PRESUMABLY1 = O!RWISE H[ WILL ,WATSON'S GOLD5 WORDS REA* ! PUBLIC871 ANY =M ( ME*ANICAL AGRICULTURE 7:I* ,WATSON SEEMS TO CONFUSE ) AGRIBUS9ESS71 ET CET]A AD NAUSEAM4  ,! READ] HAS ONLY TO WALK ?R\< HIS OR H] HOME1 LOOK 9TO EA* ROOM1 & PE] 9TO CLOSETS & M$IC9E *E/S & KIT*5 CAB9ETS1 TO SEE :AT W\LD BE SURR5D]$ 9 ! K9D ( TE*NOLOGICAL WORLD ?AT ,WATSON W\LD 0NEGOTIATE0 ) 9DU/RIALISM4  

 ,LET IT BE NOT$1 H[EV]1 ?AT A RETURN TO ! ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ( TWELF?-C5TURY ,EUROPE W\LD H>DLY CREATE A P>ADISE4  ,SOMEH[1 EV5 9 ! ABS5CE ( ADVANC$ TE*NOLOGY TO G5]ATE !M1 OPPRESSIVE SOCIAL RELATIONS /ILL EXI/$ 9 ?IS TE*NOLOGICAL IDYLL4  ,SOMEH[ FEUDAL HI]>*IES ( ! MO/ OPPRESSIVE K9D 79 NO WAY MODEL$ ON ECCLESIA/ICAL HI]>*IES1 LET ALONE 0%AP$0 BY TE*NOLOGY7 SUP]IMPOS$ !MSELVES4  ,SOMEH[ ! PEASANT-S]FS :O W]E RUL$ & CO]C$ BY B>ONS1 C\NTS1 K+S1 & !IR BUREAUCRATIC & MILIT>Y M9IONS FAIL$ TO REALIZE ?AT !Y W]E FREE ( ! MEGAMA*9E'S OPPRESSIVE IMPACT4  ,YET !Y W]E SO UNECOLOGICAL AS TO DRA9 ,EUROPE'S MOSQUITO-9FE/$ SWAMPS & BURN ITS =E/S TO CREATE MEAD[S & OP5 F>ML&4  ,HAPPILY SP>$ ! LE?AL EFFECTS ( MOD]N M$IC9E1 !Y USUALLY DI$ V]Y E>LY 9 LIFE ( FAM9E1 EPIDEMIC DISEASE1 & O!R LE?AL AG5TS4 

 ,GIV5 ! DEM&S ( HI<LY LABOR-9T5SIVE F>M+1 :AT K9D ( FREE TIME1 9 ! TWELF? C5TURY1 DID SMALL-SCALE F>M]S HAVE8  ,IF HI/ORY IS ANY GUIDE1 IT WAS A LUXURY !Y R>ELY 5JOY$1 EV5 DUR+ ! AGRICULTURALLY DORMANT W9T]S4  ,DUR+ ! MON?S :5 F>M]S W]E NOT TILL+ ! L& & H>VE/+ ITS PRODUCE1 !Y /RUGGL$ 5DLESSLY TO MAKE REPAIRS1 T5D ANIMALS1 P]=M DOME/IC LABOR1 & ! LIKE4  ,& !Y HAD ! :EEL6  ,IT IS D\BTFUL ?AT1 UND] SU* CIRCUM/ANCES1 MU* TIME W\LD HAVE BE5 LEFT OV] = COMMUNITY MEET+S1 LET ALONE ! CREATION ( >T & POETRY4   

 ,D\BTLESS !Y S[$1 REAP$1 & DID !IR WORK JOY\SLY1 AS ,I PO9T$ \T 9 ,! ,ECOLOGY ( ,FRE$OM4  ,! WORKMAN'S SONG--PROLET>IAN1 PEASANT1 & >TISAN--EXPRESSES ! JOY ( SELF-EXPRESSION ?R\< WORK4  ,BUT ?IS DOES NOT MEAN ?AT WORK1 B]EFT ( MA*9]Y1 IS AN UNADULT]AT$ BLESS+ OR ?AT IT IS NOT EXHAU/+ OR MONOTON\S4  ,!RE IS A COMPELL+ WORD = >DU\S LABOR3 TOIL6  ,)\T AN ELECTRIC GRID TO TURN NI<T 9TO DAY1 ACTIVE LIFE IS CONF9$ TO DAYLI<T H\RS1 AP>T FROM :AT LITTLE ILLUM9ATION CAN BE PROVID$ BY C&LES4  7,D>E ,I 9TRODUCE SU* PETROLEUM D]IVATIVES AS K]OS5E87  ,IT IS ONE ( ! GREAT ADVANCES ( ! MOD]N WORLD ?AT ! MO/ >DU\S & MONOTON\S LABOR CAN (T5 BE P]=M$ 5TIRELY BY MA*9ES1 POT5TIALLY LEAV+ HUMAN BE+S FREE TO 5GAGE 9 MANY DIFF]5T TASKS & >TI/IC ACTIVITIES1 SU* AS ?OSE ,*>LES ,F\RI] DESCRIB$ = HIS UTOPIAN PHALAN/]IES4 

 ,BUT AS SOON AS ,I ASSIGN TO TE*NOLOGY ! ROLE ( PRODUC+ A SOCIETY FREE ( WANT & TOIL1 ,WATSON TAKES UP ! OLD DOGMATIC SAW & CONDEMNS IT TO P]DITION AS 0! FAMILI> M>XI/ V]SION0 7,B,B1 P4 #a#b#i74  ,WATSON MAY 5JOY APPEAL+ TO UN?9K+ POLITICAL REFLEXES ?AT DATE BACK TO ! ,M>X-,BAKUN9 BATTLES ( ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL1 BUT ! M]IT ( AN IDEA 9T]E/S ME MORE ?AN ITS AU?OR4  ,9/EAD ( DIRECTLY ADDRESS+ ! PROBLEM ( SC>CITY & TOIL 9 ANY WAY1 H[EV]1 ,WATSON SETTLES ! ISSUE1 AT LEA/ 9 HIS [N M9D1 BY QUOT+ HIS GURU1 ,LEWIS ,MUM=D3 0,! NOTION ?AT AUTOMATION GIVES ANY GU>ANTEE ( HUMAN LIB]ATION IS A PIECE ( WI%FUL ?9K+0 7QUOT$ 9 ,B,B1 P4 #a#c7--AS ?\< A TE*NOLOGICAL ADVANCE 9 ITSELF W]E A 0GU>ANTEE0 ( ANY?+ UND] CAPITALISM1 AP>T FROM MORE EXPLOITATION & DE/RUCTION4  7,IT IS A/ONI%+ ?AT ONE HAS TO EXPLA9 ?IS CONCEPT TO A =M] ,TROTSKYITE LIKE ,WATSON1 :O %\LD HAVE SOME KN[L$GE ( ,M>X'SIDEAS47 

 ,ALAS1 ,MUM=D DOES NOT S]VE HIM WELL4  ,9 ,! ,P5TAGON ( ,P[] 7! SAME WORK FROM :I* ,WATSON QUOTES71 ,MUM=D HIMSELF ACTUALLY GIVES :AT ,WATSON W\LD BE OBLIG$ TO DISMISS AS 0! FAMILI> M>XI/ V]SION40  ,MUM=D NOTES1FIR/ QUOT+ FROM AN UNATTRIBUT$ S\RCE3   

 0,! NEGATIVE 9/ITUTIONS 4 4 4 W\LD NEV] HAVE 5DUR$ SO LONG BUT = ! FACT ?AT !IR POSITIVE GOODS1 EV5 ?\< !Y W]E >ROGAT$ TO ! USE ( ! DOM9ANT M9ORITY1 W]E ULTIMATELY AT ! S]VICE ( ! :OLE COMMUNITY1 & T5D$ TO PRODUCE A UNIV]SAL SOCIETY ( F> HI<] POT5TIALITIES1 BY REASON ( ITS SIZE & DIV]SITY40 ,IF ?AT OBS]VATION HELD TRUE AT !BEG9N+1 IT REMA9S EV5 MORE TRUE TODAY1 N[ ?AT ?IS REM>KABLETE*NOLOGY HAS SPREAD OV] ! :OLE PLANET4  ,! ONLY WAY EFFECTIVELY TO OV]COME ! P[] SY/EM IS TO TRANSF] ITS MORE HELPFUL AG5TS TO AN ORGANIC COMPLEX4.<#a#f.>  

 ,ELSE:]E 9 ! SAME BOOK1 SPEAK+ ( 0! DECREPIT 9/ITUTIONAL COMPLEX ONE CAN TRACE BACK AT LEA/ TO ! ,PYRAMID AGE10 ,MUM=D SAYS ?AT 0:AT MOD]N TE*NOLOGY HAS DONE IS 4 4 4 4  REHABILITATE IT1 P]FECT IT1 & GIVE IT A GLOBAL DI/RIBUTION40  ,!N1 MORE SIGNIFICANTLY3  0,! POT5TIAL B5EFITS ( ?IS SY/EM1 UND] MORE HUMANE DIRECTION0 >E 0IMM5SE40  ,9DE$1 ELSE:]E HE SPEAKS ( 0\R G5U9E TE*NOLOGICAL ADVANCES40.<#a#g.>  ,N[ :AT DOES ,WATSON HAVE TO SAY AB\T ?AT8 
  

 ,H[ %\LD ! TE*NOLOGICAL LEVEL ( A FREE SOCIETY BE DET]M9$8  ,WATSON'S ?\<TS ON ?IS QUE/ION >E SU* AS TO R5D] HIS LIB]T>IAN VIEWS ON TE*NICS & HUMAN NE$S MORE AU?ORIT>IAN ?AN IS IMM$IATELY EVID5T4 ,SUPPOSE1 = EXAMPLE1 ?AT NON9DU/RIALIZ$ & EV5 TRIBAL PEOPLE ACTUALLY WANT NOT ONLY :EELS1 ROADS1 & ELECTRIC GRIDS1 BUT EV5 ! MAT]IAL GOODS1 SU* AS COMPUT]S & EFFECTIVE M$ICATIONS1 ?AT PEOPLE 9 9DU/RIALIZ$ C\NTRIES 5JOY--NOT LEA/ ( ALL1 ,WATSON HIMSELF & ! ,FIF? ,E/ATE COLLECTIVE4  ,I HAVE >GU$ 9 ,! ,ECOLOGY ( ,FRE$OM ?AT NO ONE1 P>TICUL>LY 9 A CONSUMPTION-ORI5T$ C\NTRY SU* AS ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 HAS ANY RI<T TO B> NON9DU/RIALIZ$ SOCIETIES FROM *OOS+ ! WAY ( LIFE !Y WI%4  ,I W\LD HOPE ?AT !Y W\LD MAKE !IR *OICES ) FULL AW>5ESS ( ! ECOLOGICAL & EV5 PSY*OLOGICAL CONSEQU5CES ( CONSUMPTION AS AN 5D 9 ITSELF1 :I* HAVE BE5 AMPLY DEMON/RAT$ = !M BY ! C\RSE ( DEVELOP$ NATIONS2 & ,I W\LD 5GAGE 9 A CONC]T$ EF=T TO P]SUADE ALL PEOPLES ( ! WORLD TO LIVE ACCORD+ TO S\ND ECOLOGICAL /&>DS4  ,BUT IT W\LD BE !IR 9DUBITABLE RI<T TO ACQUIRE :AT !Y BELIEVE !Y NE$1 )\T ANYONE ELSE DICTAT+ :AT !Y %\LD OR %\LD NOT ACQUIRE4   

 ,NOT ONLY IS MY PROPOSAL 9TOL]ABLE 9 ,WATSON'S EYES1 HE CANNOT EV5 P>APHRASE IT CORRECTLY4  ,HE MU/ DI/ORT IT 9 ORD] TO MAKE IT SEEM RIDICUL\S3  0,:AT >E WE TO MAKE ( ! PROPOSAL TO DEVELOP MASS TE*NICS & A COMB9ATION CONSUM]-PRODUC] UTOPIA .<6.> 9 ORD] TO REJECT !M80 7,B,B1 P4 #a#g74  ,! IMPLICATION ( ?IS DI/ORTION IS1 ,I BELIEVE1 ?AT POOR SOCIETIES MU/ DEVELOP CAPITALISM & TE*NOLOGY 9 ORD] TO KN[ ! CONSEQU5CES ( DO+ SO1 IRRESPECTIVE ( ! FACT ?AT ! CONSEQU5CES ( DO+ SO >E QUITE CLE> & ! 9=MATION IS WIDELY AVAILABLE1 NOT LEA/ ( ALL BECAUSE ( COMMUNICATIONS TE*NOLOGY4  

 ,= ,WATSON1 H[EV]1 ! ECOLOGICAL CRISIS TO BE TOO URG5T TO WAIT = A POLICY AS SL[ AS M9E4  0,NEI!R ECOLOGICAL WISDOM NOR ! HEAL? ( ! PLANET CAN WAIT = ?IS GROTESQUE OV]9DULG5CE .<?AT ,I SUPPOS$LY ADVOCATE.> TO HAVE ITS CURATIVE EFFECT10 HE FIRMLY DECL>ES 7,B,B1 P4 #a#h74  ,H[1 !N1 W\LD \R LIFE/YLE AN>*I/ H&LE ?IS V]Y REAL PROBLEM HIMSELF8  ,HE DOESN'T TELL US1 BUT HE DOES CALL ON PEOPLE 9 ! 9DU/RIALIZ$ C\NTRIES TO SEEK 0A NEW RELATION%IP TO ! PH5OM5AL WORLD--SOME?+ AK9 TO :AT .<,M>%ALL.> ,SAHL9S CALLS 'A ,Z5 ROAD TO AFFLU5CE1 DEP>T+ FROM PREMISES SOME:AT DIFF]5T FROM \R [N'0 7,B,B1 P4 #a#h74  ,MAY ,I SUGGE/ ?AT ?IS IS DODG+ ! ISSUE8  ,IF ! URG5CY ( RESOLV+ ! ECOLOGICAL CRISIS IS ! P>AM\NT FACTOR1 ,WATSON'S [N SOLUTION W\LD SEEM RA!R 9ADEQUATE AS WELL1 REQUIR+ AS IT DOES AN E!REAL SPIRITUAL REVOLUTION ON ! BASIS ( ONE-BY-ONE CONV]SION4  ,NOR IS SU* AN APPROA* LIKELY TO SUCCE$1 ANY MORE ?AN ,*RI/IANITY SUCCE$$ 9 CREAT+ A LOV+1 SELF-SACRIFIC+1 & ALL-=GIV+ WORLD 9 TWO ?\S& YE>S ( ONE-BY-ONE CONV]SIONS--& ! ,*UR*1 AT LEA/1 PROMIS$ PIE 9 ! SKY 7AS ! OLD ,I,W,W SONG HAS IT7 9 ! NEXT WORLD IF NOT 9 ?IS ONE4  

 ,AS = PEOPLE 9 ! 9DU/RIAL-CAPITALI/ WORLD1 ,WATSON1 :O HAS TRI$ TO PREJUDICE HIS READ]S AGA9/ MY VIEWS AS 0M>XI/10 0AU?ORIT>IAN10 & 0DOGMATIC10 SUDD5LY MUTATES 9TO AN IDEOLOGICAL DESPOT 9 HIS [N RI<T4  ,HE F9DS IT 9CONCEIVABLE ?AT PEOPLE C\LD ACTUALLY MAKE CONSCI\S DECISIONS AB\T ! USE ( TE*NOLOGY1 /ILL LESS PLACE MORAL CON/RA9TS UPON IT4  ,QUITE TO CONTR>Y1 9ASMU* AS1 9 HIS VIEW1 TE*NOLOGY GOV]NS PEOPLE RA!R ?AN ! O!R WAY >\ND1 WE CAN SC>CELY HOPE TO SPR+ ! TRAP & DECIDE = \RSELVES4  ,WATSON RIDICULES ! NOTION ?AT 0A MORAL SOCIETY 4 4 4 C\LD SIT D[N & DECIDE H[ TO 'USE'0 A TE*NOLOGY 7BIO5G9E]+ IS CIT$ H]E7 0)\T CATA/ROPHIC RESULTS0 7,B,B1 P4 #a#b#e74  ,HE >ROGANTLY =ECLOSES DEMOCRATIC DECISION-MAK+ BY ORD9>Y PEOPLE ON ! PROP] USE ( ADVANC$ TE*NOLOGIES1 BECAUSE OP5 CIVIC DISCUSSIONS W\LD 09EVITABLY0 RESULT 9 0COMPLIANCE ) ! OP9ION ( EXP]TS0 & 0W\LD ( NECESSITY BEBAS$ ON P]SUASION & FAI?0 7,B,B1 PP4 #a#d#f-#d#g1 EMPHASIS ADD$74  ,LE/ WE HAVE ANY D\BT ?AT ,WATSON MEANS :AT HE SAYS1 HE REIT]ATES ! SAME DISDA9FUL VIEW3  0,IT'S LUDICR\S .<6.> TO ?9K ?AT CITIZ5 ASSEMBLIES C\LD MAKE 9=M$ DECISIONS AB\T *EMICAL 5G9E]+ /RATEGIES1 COMMUNICATIONS GRIDS1 & COMPLICAT$ TE*NICAL APP>ATUS0 7,B,B1 P4 #a#h74  

 ,ONE MAY MODE/LY ASK3 :Y %\LD ?IS BE 0LUDICR\S08  ,EXP]T KN[L$GE IS BY NO MEANS NECESS>Y TO MAKE G5]AL DECISIONS AB\T ! USES ( TE*NOLOGY3 A REASONABLE LEVEL ( ORD9>Y COMPET5CE ON ! P>T ( CITIZ5S IS USUALLY QUITE ADEQUATE4  ,9 FACT1 TODAY LEGISLATORS AT ! LOCAL1 /ATE1 & NATIONAL LEVELS MAKE SU* DECISIONS EV]Y DAY1 & ORD9>Y PEOPLE CAN CLE>LY DO ! SAME4  ,WATSON'S >GUM5T ?AT SU* DECISIONS >E BEYOND ! K5 ( ORD9>Y PEOPLE IS 7POSSIBLY UNKN[N TO HIM7 PRECISELY ! >GUM5T ?AT ,L59 ADVANC$ 9 #aiah AGA9/ WORK]S' CONTROL ( FACTORIES 7:I*1 ( C\RSE1 ,WATSON W\LD AB&ON :OLESALE7 & 9 FAVOR ( ONE-MAN MANAGEM5T 7TO USE ,BOL%EVIK T]M9OLOGY74  ,DOES \R POETIC LIFE/YL] REALLY HAVE SO LITTLE FAI? 9 ! COMPET5CE ( ORD9>Y PEOPLE8  ,D\BTLESS WORK]S1 TE*NICIANS1 & F>M]S NE$ SOMEONE ) HI<] WISDOM--P]HAPS ,WATSON HIMSELF--TO SPECIFY !IR APPROPRIATE LEVEL ( TE*NOLOGY = !M8 

 ,ACTUALLY1 ,WATSON SEEMS TO BE SUFF]+ FROM A MEMORY LAPSE4  ,SOME:AT LAT] 9 HIS BOOK HE GIVES US ! V]Y OPPOSITE MESSAGE1 NOTABLY ?AT 0PEOPLE HAVE ! CAPACITY1 9 FACT ! DUTY TO MAKE RATIONAL & E?ICAL *OICES AB\T TE*NICS0 7,B,B1 P4 #b#c74  ,H[1 !N1 WILL !Y AVOID ALL ! 09EVITABLE0 & 0NECESS>Y0 OB/ACLES ?AT ,WATSON HIMSELF E>LI] RAIS$8  ,ONE GETS ! DI/9CT IMPRESSION ?AT1 NO MATT] :AT SPECIFIC ISSUE US UND] DISCUSSION1 IF ,I SAY YEA1 ,WATSON IS C]TA9 TO SAY NAY--EV5 IF IT MEANS HE MU/ REV]SE HIMSELF ON A LAT] OCCASION4  

,PRIMITIVISM 

  

 ,!RE IS NO?+ NEW AB\T ! ROMANTICIZATION ( TRIBAL PEOPLES4  ,TWO C5TURIES AGO1 D5IZ5S ( ,P>IS1 FROM ,5LI<T5]S SU* AS ,D5IS ,DID]OT TOREACTION>IES LIKE ,M>IE ,ANTO9ETTE1 CREAT$ A CULT ( 0PRIMITIVISM0 ?AT SAW TRIBAL PEOPLE AS MORALLY SUP]IOR TO MEMB]S ( ,EUROPEAN SOCIETY1 :O PRESUMABLY W]E CORRUPT$ BY ! VISES ( CIVILIZATION4  ,?IS ROMANTICIZATION LAT] 9FECT$ NOT ONLY ! E>LY N9ETE5?-C5TURY ,ROMANTICS BUT ?9K]S SO DISP>ATE AS ,M>X & ,5GELS1 ,JACOB ,BA*(5 & ,LEWIS ,MORGAN4  ,!SE & O!RS :O WI/FULLY ?\<T ?AT HUMANITY HAD EXIL$ ITSELF FROM A B5IGN1 0MATRI>*AL10 C>+1 & COOP]ATIVE WORLD TO A CIVILIZATION FILL$ ) IMMORAL & EGOI/IC HORRORS4    

 ,! MORE URBANIZ$ & SUBURBANIZ$ B\RGEOIS CULTURE ( ! #a#i#fS WAS F> FROM IMMUNE TO ?IS TR5D4  ,DUR+ ! #a#i#fS AN?ROPOLOGI/S CELEBRAT$ ! 0NOBLE SAVAGE0 9 HIS OR H] PRI/9E P>ADISE1 :I* MORE ?AN EV] SEEM$ LIKE A REFUGE1 H[EV] IMAG9>Y1 = JAD$ URBAN 7& SUBURBAN7 DWELL]S ( ! 9DU/RIAL CAPITALI/ WORLD4  ,9HABITANTS ( ,AM]ICAN CITIES & SUBURBS1 FROM ,SAN ,FRANCISCO TO ,NEW ,YORK1 W]E COMPLETELY 5*ANT$ BY MY?S ( PRIMAL NAIVETE1 P>TICUL>LY MEMB]S ( ! Y\? CULTURE1 :I* /RESS$ ! VIRTUES ( 9NOC5CE & PASSIVITY & H>BOR$ A BASIC SYMPA?Y = 0NOBLE SAVAGE0 AN?ROPOLOGY4   

 ,?IS AN?ROPOLOGY1 CONTR>Y TO LESS SANGU9E VIEWS ( PRIMITIVE LIFEWAYS1 >GU$ ?AT =AG+ PEOPLES W]E COMPELL$ TO WORK AT HUNT+ & FOOD-GA!R+ = ONLY A FEW H\RS EA* DAY4  ,WROTE AN?ROPOLOGI/S ,RI*>D ,B4 ,LEE & ,IRV5 ,DE,VORE3 

 ,EV5 SOME ( ! 0M>G9AL0 HUNT]S /UDI$ BY E?NOGRAPH]S ACTUALLY WORK %ORT H\RS & EXPLOIT ABUNDANT FOOD S\RCES4  ,SEV]AL HUNT+ PEOPLES LIV$ WELL ON TWO TO F\R H\RS ( SUBSI/5CE EF=T P] DAY & W]E NOT OBS]V$ TO UND]GO ! P]IODIC CRISES ?AT HAVE BE5 COMMONLY ATTRIBUT$ TO HUNT]S 9 G5]AL4 4 4 4 .<,SOME E?NOGRAPH]S.> SPECULATE :E!R LACK ( 0FUTURE ORI5TATION0 BR\<T HAPP9ESS TO ! MEMB]S ( HUNT+ SOCIETIES1 AN IDYLLIC ATTITUDE ?AT FAD$ :5 *ANG+ SUBSI/5CE PATT]NS =C$ M5 TO AMASS FOOD SURPLUSES TO BANK AGA9/ FUTURE %ORTAGES4.<#a#h.> 

 ,IT WAS MO/ NOTABLY ,M>%ALL ,SAHL9S :O >GU$ ?AT ABORIG9ES LIV$ 9 AN 0AFFLU5T SOCIETY40 

 ,BY COMMON UND]/&+ AN AFFLU5T SOCIETY IS ONE 9 :I* ALL ! PEOPLE'S WANTS >E EASILY SATISFI$2 & ?\< WE >E PLEAS$ TO CONSID] ?IS HAPPY CONDITION ! UNIQUE A*IEVEM5T ( 9DU/RIAL CIVILIZATION1 A BETT] CASE CAN BE MADE = HUNT]S & GA!R]S4 4 4 4 ,= WANTS >E 0EASILY SATISFI$10 EI!R BY PRODUC+ MU* OR DESIR+ LITTLE4 4 4 4 ,A FAIR CASE CAN BE MADE1 ?AT HUNT]S (T5 WORK MU* LESS ?AN WE DO1 & RA!R ?AN A GR9D ! FOOD QUE/ IS 9T]MITT5T1 LEISURE IS ABUNDANT1 & !RE IS MORE SLEEP 9 ! DAYTIME P] CAPITA ?AN 9 ANY O!R CONDITIONS ( SOCIETY4.<#a#i.> 

 ,DUR+ ! LATE #a#i#fS & #a#i#gS ,I MYSELF %>$ AN EXCESSIVE 5?USIASM = C]TA9 ASPECTS ( ABORIG9AL & ORGANIC SOCIETIES1 & 9 ,! ,ECOLOGY ( ,FRE$OM & O!R WRIT+S ( ?OSE YE>S ,I GAVE AN OV]LY ROSY DISCUSSION ( !M & SPECULAT$ OPTIMI/ICALLY AB\T ABORIG9AL SUBJECTIVITY4  ,I NEV] ACCEPT$ ! PREPO/]\S !ORY ( AN 0ORIG9AL AFFLU5T SOCIETY10 BUT ,I WAX$ F> TOO 5?USIA/IC AB\T PRIMITIVE ATTITUDES T[>D ! NATURAL WORLD & !IR COMPASSIONATE \TLOOK4  ,I EV5 MA9TA9$ ?AT ! ANIMI/IC QUALITIES ( ABORIG9AL SUBJECTIVITY W]E SOME?+ ?AT ,WE/]N]S C\LD B5EFIT FROM EMULAT+4   

 ,I LAT] CAME TO REALIZE ?AT ,I WAS WRONG 9 MANY ( !SE RESPECTS4  ,ABORIG9AL PEOPLES C\LD HAVE NO ATTITUDE T[>D ! NATURAL WORLD BECAUSE1 BE+ IMM]S$ 9 IT1 !Y HAD NO CONCEPT ( ITS UNIQU5ESS4  ,IT IS TRUE ?AT 9DIVIDUAL TRIBES HAD CONSID]ABLE COMPASSION = !IR [N MEMB]S1 BUT !IR ATTITUDES T[>D NONTRIBAL MEMB]S W]E (T5 9DIFF]5T OR HO/ILE4  ,AS TO ANIMISM1 9 RETROSPECT1 ,I REG>D ANY BELIEF 9 ! SUP]NATURAL AS REGRESSIVE4  ,AS ,I DISCUSS$ 9 DETAIL 9 ,RE-,5*ANT+ ,HUMANITY 7PP4 #a#b-#d#g71 MU* ?AT PASSES = PRI/9E 0PRIMITIVISM0 IS BAS$ ON FICTIONS1 & :AT CAN BE AU!NTICAT$ FROM ! PALEONTOLOGICAL RECORD IS NOT AS B5IGN AS SOME #a#i#fS-ORI5T$ AN?ROPOLOGI/S W\LD HAVE US BELIEVE4  ,ABORIG9AL SOCIETIES W]E H>DLY FREE FROM SU* MAT]IAL 9SECURITIES AS %ORTAGES ( GAME ANIMALS1 DISEASES1 DRUDG]Y1 *RONIC W>F>E1 & EV5 G5OCIDAL ACTS AGA9/ COMMUNITIES ?AT OCCUPI$ COVET$ L& & RES\RCES4  ,SU* A PREVAL5CE ( PREMATURE DEA?1 GIV5 !IR LEVEL ( SOCIAL & TE*NOLOGICAL DEVELOPM5T1 BE>S COMP>ISON ) SOME ( ,WE/]N CIVILIZATION'S WOR/ FEATURES4 

 ,HAV+ BE5 TOO GULLIBLE AB\T 0ORGANIC SOCIETY0 9 ,! ,ECOLOGY ( ,FRE$OM1 ,I WAS AT PA9S TO CRITICIZE MY [N WORK ON ?IS SCORE :5 ! BOOK WAS REPUBLI%$ 9 #a#i#i#b4  ,AT ?AT TIME ,I WROTE A L5G?Y NEW 9TRODUCTION 9 :I* ,I DI/ANC$ MYSELF FROM MANY ( ! VIEWS EXPRESS$ 9 ! FIR/ $ITION ( ! BOOK4.<#b.>  ,IT WAS NOT MY 9T5TION1 H[EV]1 NOR IS IT N[1 TO DISP>AGE ABORIG9AL SOCIETIES4  ,QUITE TO ! CONTR>Y1 ,I /ILL /& BY ! CORE ISSUES 9 !SE SOCIETIES ?AT ,I ID5TIFI$ 9 ,! ,ECOLOGY ( ,FRE$OM AS S\RCES ( VALUABLE LESSONS = \R [N TIME4  ,9 ! BE/ ( CASES ORGANIC SOCIETIES ORGANIZ$ !IR ECONOMIC & CULTURAL LIVES ACCORD+ TO A PR9CIPLE ( USUFRUCT1 ) A SY/EM ( DI/RIBUTION BAS$ ON AN0IRR$UCIBLE M9IMUM0 7A PHRASE ,I BORR[$ FROM ,PAUL ,RAD971 AS WELL AS AN E?IC ( COMPLEM5T>ITY1 = ALL MEMB]S ( ! COMMUNITY1 REG>DLESS ( !IR PRODUCTIVE CONTRIBUTION4 

 ,NOT ONLY DOES ,WATSON IGNORE MY CRITICISM ( MY [N E>LI] POSITION1 HE HIMSELF ADVANCES A PRIMITIVE ROMANTICISM :OSE ROSY SC5>IOS BY F> SURPASS ANY?+ ,I WROTE 9 MY BOOK4  ,HE S]VES UP ALL ! #a#i#fS MY?S1 9DE$1 ALL ! PU]ILE RUBBI%1 AB\T ABORIG9AL LIFEWAYS ( ?AT TIME--NOT ONLY ,SAHL9S'S 0ORIG9AL AFFLU5CE0 ECONOMICS BUT ! MO/ ABSURD ELEM5TS ( ANIMI/IC SPIRITUALITY4 ,PRIMITIVITY1 = ?IS MAN1 IS ESS5TIALLY A WORLD ( DANC+1 S++1 CELEBRAT+1 & DREAM+4  ,! SUBJECTIVITY ?AT ,I CAME TO REJECT IS PRECISELY :AT ,WATSON /ILL EXTOLS3  PRIMITIVE PEOPLE1 9 HIS V]SION1 SEEM TO BE ALL MY/ICS AT SOME C\NT]CULTURAL 0BE-940  ,9 FACT1 !Y SEEM TO BE FREE ( MO/ HUMAN FEATURES1 AS IF !Y W]E FE/IVE 0IMAG9>IES0 ?AT /EPP$ \T ( A PSY*$ELIC MURAL4  ,?AT !Y ALSO DO SU* MUNDANE HUMAN ?+S AS ACQUIRE FOOD1 PRODUCE G>M5TS1 MAKE TOOLS1 BUILD %ELT]S1 DEF5D !MSELVES1 ATTACK O!R COMMUNITIES1 & ! LIKE1 FALLS COMPLETELY \TSIDE ! VISION ( \R ,DETROIT POET4  ,9 FACT1 AL?\< TRIBAL SOCIETY IS EXTREMELY CU/OM-B\ND1/RAITJACKET$ BY TABOOS & IMP]ATIVE RULES ( BEHAVIOR1 ,WATSON NONE!LESS DECIDES1 GU%+LY1 ?AT EV5 :5 ABORIG9ES >E 0LIV+ UND] SOME ( ! H>%E/1 MO/ COMM&+ CONDITIONS ON E>?0--NO LESS6--!Y 0CAN NEV]!LESS DO :AT !Y LIKE :5 ! NOTION OCCURS TO !M0 7,B,B1 P4 #b#d74.<#b#a.>  ,ONE CAN ONLY GASP3 ,REALLY6 

 ,9 ,S,A,L,A1 :ILE ,I WAS >GU+ AGA9/ ! PRIMITIVISM ( LIFE/YLE AN>*I/S LIKE ,WATSON1 ,I SUMM>IZ$ MY CRITICISMS ( ABORIG9AL SOCIETY1 CALL+ 9TO QUE/ION ! !ORY ( AN 0ORIG9AL AFFLU5CE0 AS WELL AS ! IDEA ( A 0NOBLE SAVAGE40  ,YET EV5 AS ,I CRITICIZ$ ! ROMANTICIZATION ( PRIMITIVE LIFEWAYS1 ,I WAS C>EFUL TO QUALIFY MY REM>KS3  0,!RE IS V]Y MU* WE CAN LE>N FROM PRELIT]ATE CULTURES 4 4 4 !IR PRACTICES ( USUFRUCT & ! 9EQUALITY ( EQUALS >E ( GREAT RELEVANCE TO AN ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY0 7,S,A,L,A1 P4 #d#a74   

 ,?IS RES]VATION IS 5TIRELY LO/ ON \R >*-ROMANTICIZ]1 = JU/ AS ,WATSON GLORIFIES ABORIG9ALS BEYOND RECOGNITION1 HE N[ PORTRAYS ME1 BEYOND RECOGNITION1 AS HO/ILE TO ABORIG9AL PEOPLES ALTOGE!R4  ,BOOK*9 0NO LONG] SEEMS TO HAVE ANY?+ GOOD TO SAY AB\T E>LY SOCIETIES0 7,B,B1 P4 #b#d71 HE DECL>ES ) F9ALITY4  ,HE EV5 PULLS (F ! OLD ,MAOI/ & ,TROTSKYI/ /UNT ( ASK+1 NOT :E!R MY OBS]VATIONS >E TRUE OR NOT1 BUT :OSE 9T]E/S !Y S]VE4  ,9 MY CASE1 S9CE ,I FAIL TO ROMANTICIZE PRIMITIVE PEOPLES ACCORD+ TO ,WATSON'S PRESCRIPTION1 ,I CLE>LY AID & ABET ! B\RGEOIS-IMP]IALI/ DE/ROY]S ( PRIMAL CULTURES3 0,BOOK*9'S SOCIAL ECOLOGY10 HE HUFFS1 %>ES 0! ASSUMPTIONS ( B\RGEOIS POLITICAL ECONOMY ITSELF0 7,B,B1 P4 #b#a#e74  ,I 5C\NT]$ ?IS LEVEL ( >GUM5TATION SOME FIFTY YE>S AGO1 & :OEV] CAN BE P]SUAD$ BY !SE CONTEMPTIBLE ME?ODS IS WELCOME TO %>E ,WATSON'S POLEMICAL WORLD4  

 ,LIKE O!R PRIMITIVI/S 9 ! LIFE/YLE ZOO1 ,WATSON >GUES = ! SU/A9ABILITY ( PRIMITIVE LIFEWAYS BY MA9TA9+ ?AT 9 ! HI/ORY ( HUMANITY1 HUNT+-GA!R+ SOCIETIES EXI/$ F> LONG] ?AN ! SOCIETIES ?AT FOLL[$ ! RISE ( WRITT5 HI/ORY4  ,HE RECYCLES ,LEE & ,DE,VORE'S CLAIM ?AT 0= N9ETY-N9E P]C5T ( HUMAN EXI/5CE .<BY :I* ,LEE & ,DE,VORE MEANT TWO MILLION YE>S.> PEOPLE HAVE LIV$ 9 ! 'FAIRLY LOOSE SY/EMS ( BOND+' ( B&S & TRIBES0 7,B,B1 P4 #c74  ,IT IS WOR? NOT+ ?AT TWO MILLION YE>S AGO1 MOD]N-TYPE HUMANS--,HOMO SAPI5S SAPI5S--) !IR 5L>G$ M5TAL CAPACITIES & HUNT+-GA!R+ LIFEWAYS1 HAD NOT YET EM]G$ ON ! EVOLUTION>Y TREE4  ,! HOM9IDS ?AT POPULAT$ ! ,AFRICAN SAVANNAHS W]E ,AU/RALOPI!C9ES & ,HOMO HABILIS1 :O MO/ LIKELY W]E NOT HUNT]-GA!R]S AT ALL BUT SCAV5G]S :O LIV$ ON GAME KILL$ BY L>G] C>NIVORES4  ,LIKE ALL HOM9IDS & MEMB]S ( ! G5US ,HOMO 79CLUD+ ,NE&]TAL]S71 !Y PROBABLY LACK$ ! ANATOMICAL EQUIPM5T = SYLLABIC SPEE* 7A FEATURE ?AT SOME PRIMITIVI/S1 TO BE SURE1 W\LD SEE MORE AS AN ADVANTAGE ?AN AS A DEPRIVATION74   

 ,! E>LIE/ PROTO-,HOMO SAPI5S SAPI5S DID NOT APPE> 9 ,AFRICA UNTIL ONLY #b1 TO #a#e1 YE>S AGO4  ,& EV5 !N !Y DID NOT =AGE 9 AN ORGANIZ$ FA%ION SU* AS ,WATSON 5VISIONS3  AS ,ROB]T ,LEW9 HAS NOT$1 0REC5T >*AEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS 9DICATES ?AT TRUE HUNT+ & GA!R+--AS *>ACT]IZ$ BY DIVISION ( LABOR1 FOOD %>+1 & C5TRAL PLACE=AG+--IS A RA!R REC5TLY EM]G$ BEHAVIOR10 DAT+ FROM ! RETREAT ( ! LA/ ,ICE ,AGE1 BEG9N+ ONLY SOME #a#b1 TO #a#e1 YE>S AGO4.<#b#b.>  ,! ORIG9S ( CIVILIZATION 9 ! ,NE> ,EA/ DATE BACK TO APPROXIMATELY #a1 TO #h1 YE>S AGO4  ,IF WE CALCULATE US+ ! E>LIE/ DATE ?AT ,LEW9 SUGGE/S = ! RISE ( HUNT+ & GA!R+--#a#e1 YE>S AGO--WE MU/ CONCLUDE ?AT CIVILIZATION HAS OCCUPI$ AT LEA/ HALF--OR P]HAPS A ?IRD--( \R SPECIES'S CULTURAL HI/ORY4 

 ,9 ANY CASE1 :AT DIFF]5CE DOES IT MAKE IF HUMAN BE+S LIV$ AS HUNT]-GA!R]S = ONE P]C5T ( !IR EXI/5CE OR FIFTY8  ,SU* A LEVEL ( DISCUSSION IS JUV5ILE4  ,! FACT REMA9S ?AT1 AL?\< IT TOOK A LONG TIME = \R SPECIES TO ADVANCE BEYOND ! LEVEL ( ,AU/RALOPI!C9E SCAV5G]S ON ! VELD1 !Y EVOLV$ CULTURALLY ) DAZZL+ RAPIDITY OV] ! PA/ #b1 YE>S4   

 ,ALMO/ 9V>IABLY1 DISCUSSIONS ( AN 0ORIG9AL AFFLU5CE0 5JOY$ BY HUNT+ & =AG+ PEOPLES FOCUS ON ! ,SAN PEOPLE ( ! ,KALAH>I DES]T1 ESPECIALLY ! 6,KUNG 0,BU%M510 :O1 UNTIL V]Y REC5TLY1 IT WAS FREQU5TLY ASSUM$1 W]E LIV+ 9 A PRI/9E /ATE ?AT REFLECT$ ! LIFEWAYS ( PREHI/ORIC =AG]S4 ,! /UDIES ?AT >E MO/ COMMONLY 9VOK$ TO SUPPORT ! 0AFFLU5CE0 !SIS >E ?OSE G5]AT$ BY AN?ROPOLOGI/ ,RI*>D ,B4 ,LEE4  ,WRIT+ 9 ! #a#i#fS1,LEE NOT$ ?AT IT TOOK ! 6,KUNG ONLY A FEW DAYS 9 A WEEK TO ACQUIRE ALL ! FOOD !Y NE$$ = !IR WELL-BE+1 O/5SIBLY PROV+ ?AT AFFLU5CE OR1 MORE PRECISELY1 FREE TIME IS ONE ( ! GREAT REW>DS ( PRIMITIVITY4  7,I MAY ADD ?AT BY ?IS /&>D1 ANYONE :O *OOSES TO LIVE 9 A %ACK1 B]EFT ( A SOPHI/ICAT$ CULTURE1 C\LD BE SAID TO BE AFFLU5T4  ,IF ?IS IS AFFLU5CE1 !N ! ,UNABOMB] ,T$ ,KACZYNSKI WAS A WEAL?Y MAN 9DE$47   

 ,9 REC5T YE>S1 H[EV]1 /RONG D\BTS HAVE >IS5 ?AT ! 6,KUNG W]E QUITE AS AFFLU5T AS #a#i#fS AN?ROPOLOGI/S MADE !M \T TO BE4  ,AS AN?ROPOLOGI/ ,?OMAS ,HEADL& SUMM>IZES ! CURR5T RESE>*1 0,! LIVES ( ! 6,KUNG >E F> FROM IDYLLIC4  ,AN AV]AGE LIFESPAN ( ?IRTY YE>S1 HI< 9FANT MORTALITY1 M>K$ LOSS ( BODY WEI<T DUR+ ! LEAN SEASON--!SE >E NOT ! HALLM>KS ( AN $5IC EXI/5CE40 ,MOREOV]3  

 ,DATA TE/IFY+ TO ! H>%] SIDE ( 6,KUNG LIFE HAVE /EADILY ACCUMULAT$4 ,LEE HIMSELF HAS ACKN[L$G$ %ORTCOM+S ( HIS #aifd 9PUT-\TPUT /UDY4  ,= ONE ?+1 HIS CALCULATIONS ( ! AM\NT ( WORK ! 6,KUNG DEVOT$ TO SUBSI/5CE IGNOR$ ! TIME SP5T 9 PREP>+ FOOD1 :I* TURN$ \T TO BE SUB/ANTIAL4  ,O!R RESE>*]S E/ABLI%$ ?AT EV5 ?\< ! ,DOBE 6,KUNG MAY HAVE APPE>$ WELL N\RI%$ :5 ,LEE 5C\NT]$ !M1 AT O!R TIMES !Y SUFF]$ FROM HUNG] & DISEASE4  ,MEAN:ILE1 ! !ORETICAL UND]P9N+S ( ! ORIG9AL-AFFLU5CE MODEL COLLAPS$4  ,IT BECAME CLE> ?AT :ILE MANY TRIBAL GR\PS W]E ADAPT$ TO !IR 5VIRONM5T AT ! POPULATION LEVEL1 EXI/5CE WAS (T5 H>% = 9DIVIDUALS 9 ?OSE GR\PS4.<#b#c.>  

 ,EV5 9 ,ELIZABE? ,M>%ALL ,?OMAS'S N>RATIVE ( !IR CULTURE1 ,! ,H>MLESS ,PEOPLE1 ! 6,KUNG 5C\NT] V]Y H>% SITUATIONS2 H] [N DESCRIPTIONS ( !M CONTRADICT H] 5?USIASM = !IR WAY ( LIFE4  ,9 ,S,A,L,A1 DRAW+ ON ! WORK ( ,$W9 ,WILMS51 ,I NOT$ ?AT ! LIVES ( ! ,SAN W]E ACTUALLY QUITE %ORT1 ?AT !Y DO GO HUNGRY AT TIMES1 ESPECIALLY DUR+ LEAN SEASONS1 & ?AT !Y LIV$ 9 ! ,KALAH>I NOT BECAUSE IT WAS !IR HABITAT ( *OICE FROM TIME IMMEMORIAL BUT BECAUSE !Y HAD BE5 DRIV5 9TO ! DES]T FROM !IR ]/:ILE AGRICULTURAL L&S BY MORE P[]FUL 9VAD]S :O COVET$ !IR ORIG9AL T]RITORY4   

 ,MOREOV]1 ,I WROTE1 0,RI*>D ,LEE'S [N DATA ON ! CALORIC 9TAKE ( 'AFFLU5T' =AG]S HAVE BE5 SIGNIFICANTLY *ALL5G$ BY ,WILMS5 & HIS ASSOCIATES4 4 4 4 ,LEE HIMSELF HAS REVIS$ HIS VIEWS ON ?IS SCORE S9CE ! #a#i#fS0 7,S,A,L,A1 PP4 #d#e-#d#f74  ,WATSON'S REPLY TO !SE OBS]VATIONS IS WOR? NOT+3 HE TELEPHON$ ,LEE HIMSELF TO QU]Y HIM ON ?IS PO9T4   

 ,HE REPLI$ ?AT HE MODIFI$ HIS F9D+S ON CALORIC 9TAKE V]Y SLI<TLY 9 ! LATE #a#i#gS--0NO MORE ?AN FIVE P]C5T EI!R WAY0--BUT ?AT ,BOOK*9'S CLAIM WAS O!RWISE SPURI\S4  0,I /& BY MY FIGURES10 HE SAID4  7,B,B1 P4 #b#i74   

 ,NOTE WELL ?AT ! *ANGE 9 ,LEE'S WORK TOOK PLACE BETWE5 ! MID-#a#i#fS & ! LATE #a#i#gS1 NOT S9CE ! LATE #a#i#gS4  7,WATSON MI<T HAVE UND]/OOD ?IS HAD HE READ ! PAGE 9 ,WILMS5 ?AT ,I CIT$ 9 MY NOTE #cb 9 ,S,A,L,A47  ,9 FACT1 9 HIS #aigi BOOK ,! 6,KUNG ,SAN1 ,LEE DISPELL$ ! EXCESSIVELY ROSY IMAGE HE GAVE ( ! ,SAN 9 ! #a#i#fS BY GIV+ EVID5CE ( MALNUTRITION AMONG ! 0AFFLU5T0 ,ZHU 7A ,SAN-SPEAK+ PEOPLE74  ,ADULT ,ZHU1 HE WROTE1 0>E SMALL BY WORLD /&>DS & 4 4 4 ?IS SMALLNESS PROBABLY 9DICATES SOME DEGREE ( UND]NUTRITION 9 *ILDHOOD & ADOLESC5CE40  ,:5 ,ZHU 9DIVIDUALS >E RAIS$ 0ON CATTLE PO/S ON AN ESS5TIALLY ,BANTU DIET ( MILK & GRA9S10 HE ACKN[L$G$1 !Y 0GR[ SIGNIFICANTLY TALL]0 ?AN =AG+ ,ZHU4.<#b#d.>   

 ,MOREOV]1 9 ! SAME BOOK1 ,LEE PROVID$ US ) EVID5CE ?AT !SE =AG]S EXP]I5CE SEV]E H>D%IP3  0,WE ADMIRE ! 6,KUNG FROM AF>1 BUT :5 WE >E BR\<T 9TO CLOS] CONTACT ) !IR DAILY CONC]NS1 WE >E ALT]NATELY MOV$ TO PITY BY !IR TALES ( H>D%IP & REPELL$ BY !IR NAGG+ DEM&S =GIFTS1 DEM&S ?AT GR[ MORE 9SI/5T ! MORE WE GIVE40.<#b#e.>  

 ,9 FACT1 EV5 DUR+ ! #a#i#fS1 ,LEE'S IMAGE ( ! 0AFFLU5CE0 5JOY$ BY ! ,SAN WAS ALREADY M>R$ BY SIGNIFICANT 9DICATIONS ( HUNG]4  ,DUR+ ! LEAN MON?S ( ! YE>1 HE NOT$ 9 #a#i#f#e1 ! ,ZHU 0MU/ RESORT TO 9CREAS+LY >DU\S TACTICS 9 ORD] TO MA9TA9 A GOOD DIET4 4 4 4 IT IS DUR+ ! ?REE LEAN MON?S ( ! YE> ?AT ,BU%MAN LIFE APPROA*ES ! PREC>I\S CONDITIONS ?AT HAVE COME TO BE ASSOCIAT$ ) ! HUNT+ & GA!R+ WAY ( LIFE40.<#b#f.>  ,F9ALLY1 ,LEE HAS GREATLY REVIS$ ! L5G? ( ! WORKWEEK HE =M]LY ATTRIBUT$ TO ! ,ZHU2 ! AV]AGE WORKWEEK = BO? SEXES1 HE WROTE 9 #a#i#g#i1 IS NOT EI<TE5 BUT #d#b4#c H\RS4.<#b#g.> ,IRV5 ,DE,VORE1 ! ,H>V>D AN?ROPOLOGI/ :O %>$ ,LEE'S CONCLUSIONS ON ! ,BU%M5 9 ! #a#i#fS & #a#i#gS1 HAS OBS]V$3 0,WE W]E BE+ A BIT ROMANTIC4 4 4 4 ,\R ASSUMPTIONS & 9T]PRETATIONS W]E MU* TOO SIMPLE40.<#b#h.>  

 ,NOT EV5 ,WATSON CAN D5Y ?AT =AG+ SOCIETIES EXP]I5C$ HUNG]1 AL?\< IT CONTRADICTS HIS [N IMAGE ( 0ORIG9AL AFFLU5CE03  HE ACKN[L$GES ?AT HUNT]-GA!R] SOCIETIES 0P]IODICALLY SUFF]$0 7,B,B1 P4 #a#a74.<#b#i.>  ,BUT HIS JU/IFICATION = !IR SUFF]+ IS A/ONI%+LY CALL\S4  ,9 SOCIETIES SU* AS \R [N1 HE PO9TS \T1 ONLY SOME SECTORS ( ! POPULATION />VE DUR+ TIMES ( HUNG]4  ,BUT 0DUR+ T\< TIMES 9 MO/ ABORIG9AL SOCIETIES10 HE WRITES ) AMAZ+ SANG-FROID1 0G5]ALLY1 EV]YONE />VES OR NO ONE DOES0 7,B,B1 P4 #i#d74 ,9DE$1 0EV5 :5 PRIMAL PEOPLE />VE1 '! :OLE GR\P AS A POSITIVE COHESIVE UNIT IS 9VOLV$4  ,9 CONSEQU5CE1 !RE IS G5]ALLY NO DISORGANIZATION OR DIS9TEGRATION EI!R ( 9DIVIDUAL OR ( ! GR\P AS SU*1 9 />K CONTRA/ ) ! CIVILIZ$0 7,B,B1 P4 #i#e74  ,!Y ALL />VE TO DEA?--& ?AT IS ?AT6  ,>E WE EXPECT$ TO ADMIRE A SITUATION :]E 0EV]YONE />VES0 BECAUSE !Y DO SO 9 AN ORGANIZ$ FA%ION8   ,ALL[ ME TO SUGGE/ ?AT ?IS ANY?+ BUT A CONSOLATION4  ,SC>CITY CONDITIONS--CONDITIONS ( G5]ALIZ$ WANT & HUNG]--?AT C\LD RESULT 9 FAM9E >E PRECISELY ?OSE ?AT1 HI/ORICALLY SPEAK+1 HAVE L$ TO COMPETITION = SC>CE GOODS & EV5TUALLY ! =MATION ( CLASS & HI]>*ICAL SOCIETIES4  ,F> MORE DESIRABLE TO DEVELOP ! PRODUCTIVE TE*NOLOGIES SUFFICI5TLY TO AVOID FAM9E ALTOGE!R6  ,IF SU* TE*NOLOGIES W]E SUFFICI5TLY DEVELOP$1 !N PUT TO USEE?ICALLY & RATIONALLY 9 A LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ SOCIETY1 EV]YONE C\LD BE FRE$ FROM MAT]IAL UNC]TA9TY4  ,?IS CONDITION ( PO/SC>CITY W\LD GIVE US ! PRECONDITIONS = ONE DAY A*IEV+ A TRULY EGALIT>IAN1 FREE1 & CULTURALLY FULFILL+ SOCIAL ORD]4   ,IT MI<T BE SUPPOS$ ?AT1 9 WEI<+ !SE TWO ALT]NATIVES--SC>CITY1 ) ! POSSIBILITY ( A COMMUNITY'S 5TIRE EXT9CTION1 AGA9/ PO/SC>CITY1 ) ! POT5TIALITY TO SATISFY ALL BASIC HUMAN NE$S--,WATSON MI<T *OOSE ! LATT] PROSPECT OV] ! =M]4  ,BUT F>BE IT FROM ,WATSON TO AGREE ) ANY?+ ,BOOK*9 HAS TO SAY6  ,WATSON1 IT SEEMS1 W\LD PREF] ?AT 0EV]YONE />VE0 TOGE!R RA!R ?AN ?AT !Y HAVE SUFFICI5T MEANS TO 5JOY WELL-BE+ TOGE!R4  ,SO CAVALI] IS HIS ATTITUDE AB\T HUMAN LIFE1 ?AT :5 ,I OBJECT TO IT1 HE REPROA*ES ME = BE+ 0UTT]LY AFFRONT$ BY AFFIRMATIVE REF]5CES TO DEA? AS P>T ( ! ECOLOGICAL CYCLE0 7,B,B1 P4 #a#a#d74    ,AS A HUMANI/1 ALL[ ME TO /ATE CATEGORICALLY ?AT ,I AM 9DE$ 0UTT]LY AFFRONT$0 BY SU* REF]5CES1 & BY ,WATSON'S BLATANT CALL\SNESS4  ,IT IS ?IS K9D ( /UFF ?AT BR+S HIM PREC>I\SLY CLOSE TO ! !SIS ( HIS ]/:ILE ANTIH]O1 ,?OMAS ,MAL?US 79 ,H,D,D,E71 NAMELY ?AT MASS DEA? W\LD RESULT FROM POPULATION GR[?1 :OSE GEOMETRIC 9CREASE W\LD F> \T/RIP A M]ELY >I?METICALLY 9CREAS+ FOOD SUPPLY4  ,9DE$1 IT WAS PRECISELY ! PRODUCTIVITY ( MA*9ES ?AT %[$ ?9K+ PEOPLE ?AT ! ,MAL?USIAN CYCLE WAS A FALLACY4  ,YES--BETT] MA*9ES ?AN DEA?1 9 MY VIEW1 & ,WATSON IS WELCOME TO CRITICIZE ME = IT ALL HE LIKES6  ,IF ,WATSON IS CALL\S T[>D ! OBJECTIVE ASPECTS ( PRIMITIVISM1 HIS ATTITUDE T[>D ITS SUBJECTIVE ASPECTS1 AS ,I HAVE NOT$1 RESEMBLES ! VAG>IES ( A FL[] *ILD4 ,AN ESS5TIAL FEATURE IS HIS BELIEF ?AT ! M5TAL \TLOOKS ( ABORIG9AL PEOPLES CAN OV]RIDE ! MAT]IAL FACTORS ?AT MI<T O!RWISE ALT] !IR LIFEWAYS4  0,MO/1 IF NOT ALL1 ABORIG9AL PEOPLES PRACTIC$ C>EFUL LIMITS ON !IR SUBSI/5CE ACTIVITIES10 HE TELLS US1 0DELIB]ATELY UND]PRODUC+1 EXPRESS+ GRATITUDE & CONSID]ATION 9 !IR RELATIONS ) PLANTS & PREY0 7,B,B1 P4 #e#b74.<#c.>  ,MOREOV]1 0,PRIMAL SOCIETY 4 4 4 REFUS$ P[]1 REFUS$ PROP]TY0 7,C,I,B1 P4 #a#a74  ,9 EFFECT1 = ,WATSON1 SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T WAS A MATT] ( CONSCI\S SELECTION1 *OICE1 & EV5 LIFE/YLE1 AS ?\< OBJECTIVE REALITIES PLAY$ NO ROLE 9 %AP+ ( SOCIAL RELATIONS4   ,9 ,S,A,L,A ,I TRI$ TO CORRECT ?IS ROMANTIC1 IDEALI/1 & FRANKLY NAIVE VIEW BY PO9T+ \T ?AT AMONG MO/ TRIBAL PEOPLES--9DE$1 AMONG MO/ PEOPLES G5]ALLY--NOT ONLY ECONOMIC LIFE BUT EV5 MU* ( SPIRITUALITY IS ORI5T$ T[>D OBTA9+ ! MEANS ( LIFE4  0,) DUE REG>D = !IR [N MAT]IAL 9T]E/S--!IR SURVIVAL & WELL-BE+10 ,I WROTE1 0PREHI/ORIC PEOPLES SEEM TO HAVE HUNT$ D[N AS MU* GAME AS !Y C\LD1 & IF !Y IMAG9ATIVELY PEOPL$ ! ANIMAL WORLD ) AN?ROPOMORPHIC ATTRIBUTES1 4 4 4 IT W\LD HAVE BE5 TO COMMUNICATE ) IT ) AN 5D T[>D MANIPULAT+ IT1 NOT SIMPLY T[>D REV]+ IT0 7,S,A,L,A1 P4 #d#a74    ,NOT ONLY DOES ,WATSON TAKE ISSUE ) ?IS /ATEM5T AS ECONOMI/IC1 HE REJECTS ANY ECONOMIC MOTIVATIONS 9 ABORIG9AL SOCIETY3  0,ECONOMIC MOTIVATION10 HE DECL>ES1 0IS ! MOTIVE )9 CLASS SOCIETIES1 NOT ABORIG9AL COMMUNITIES0 7,B,B1 P4 #f#c74  ,PRESUMABLY PEOPLE :OSE SOCIETIES >E /RUCTUR$ >\ND DANC+1 S++1 & DREAM+ >E IMMUNE TO ! PROBLEMS--SOCIAL AS WELL AS MAT]IAL--( ACQUIR+ & PREP>+ FOOD1 F5D+ (F PR$ATORS1 BUILD+ %ELT]1 & ! LIKE4  ,:]E ,I PRES5T CONTRADICTORY EVID5CE--SU* AS ! MANY CASES ( =AG]S 0/AMP$+ GAME ANIMALS OV] CLIFFS OR 9TO NATURAL 5CLOSURES :]E !Y C\LD BE EASILY SLAU<T]$10 OR 0SITES ?AT SUGGE/ MASS KILL+S & 'ASSEMBLY-L9E' BUT*]+ 9 A NUMB] ( ,AM]ICAN >ROYOS10 OR ! ,NATIVE ,AM]ICAN USE ( FIRE TO CLE> L&1 OR ! LIKELIHOOD ( ,PALEO9DIAN OV]KILLS ( L>GE MAMMALS 7,S,A,L,A1 P4 #d#b7--HE MA9TA9S A PRUD5T SIL5CE4  ,9 FACT1 ! DEM&+ 5DEAVOR TO GA!R ! MEANS = SUPPORT+ EV]YDAY LIFE MAY WELL BE ! MAJOR PREOCCUPATION ( ABORIG9AL PEOPLES1 AS MANY ( !IR MY?S & COSMIC DRAMAS REVEAL TO ANYONE :O EXAM9ES !M )\T ROMANTIC AWE4  ,AT SOME PO9T1 CLE>LY1 PRIMAL PEOPLES 9 PREHI/ORIC ,EUROPE & ! ,NE> ,EA/ /OPP$ 0REFUS+0 P[] & PROP]TY1 & FROM !IR 0LOOSELY KNIT0 B& & TRIBAL SOCIETIES1 SY/EMS ( DOM9ATION DEVELOP$--HI]>*IES1 CLASSES1 & /ATES--AS P>T ( CIVILIZATION ITSELF4 ,:Y ?IS HAPP5$ IS BY NO MEANS AN ACADEMIC QUE/ION2 NOR IS ! APPROA* WE TAKE TO UND]/&+ ! PROCESSES ( SOCIAL *ANGE A MATT] ( TRIVIAL CONC]N4   ,SOCIAL *ANGES1 BO? MAJOR & M9OR1 DO NOT COME AB\T SOLELY AS A RESULT ( *OICE OR VOLITION4  ,EV5 9 9SPIR$ MOM5TS1 :5 PEOPLE BELIEVE !Y >E CREAT+ AN 5TIRELY NEW WORLD1 !IR C\RSE ( ACTION1 9DE$ !IR ?9K+1 IS PR(\NDLY 9FLU5C$ BY ! V]Y HI/ORY FROM :I* !Y ?9K !Y >E BREAK+ AWAY4   ,TO UND]/& ! PROCESSES BY :I* ! NEW DEVELOPS FROM ! OLD1 WE MU/ CLOSELY EXAM9E ! CONDITIONS UND] :I* HUMAN BE+S >E CON/RA9$ TO WORK & ! V>I\S PROBLEMS ) :I* !Y MU/ CONT5D ) AT P>TICUL> MOM5TS 9 HI/ORY--9 %ORT1 ! 9N] DIALECTIC ( SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T4  ,WE MU/ LOOK AT ! FACTORS ?AT CAUSE APP>5TLY /ABLE SOCIETIES TO SL[LY DECOMPOSE1 GIV+ RISE TO ! NEW ONES ?AT W]E 0*OS50 )9 ! LIMITATIONS ( MAT]IAL & CULTURAL CONDITIONS4   ,I FOLL[$ ?IS APPROA* 9 ,! ,ECOLOGY ( ,FRE$OM1 = EXAMPLE1 :5 ,I EXAM9$ ! NATURE & CAUSES ( ! RISE ( HI]>*Y4  ,!RE ,I TRI$ TO %[ ?AT HI]>*Y EM]G$ FROM )9 ! LIMITATIONS & PROBLEMS FAC$ BY PRIMAL SOCIETIES4  ,I MADE NO PRET5SE ?AT MY PRES5TATION CON/ITUT$ ! LA/ WORD ON ?IS PROBLEM2 9DE$1 MY MO/ IMPORTANT GOAL WAS TO HI<LI<T ! IMPORTANCE ( TRY+ TO UND]/&+ HI]>*ICAL DEVELOPM5T1 TO %[ ITS DIALECTIC & ! PROBLEMS IT POS$4  ,WATSON NOT ONLY DISMISSES ?IS VITALLY IMPORTANT ISSUE BUT >ROGANTLY REJECTS ANY 5DEAVOR TO LOOK 9TO 0! PRIMORDIAL COMMUNITY TO F9D ! E>LY EMBRYONIC /RUCTURE ?AT TRANS=M$ ORGANIC SOCIETY 9TO CLASS SOCIETY0 7,B,B1 P4 #i#g74  ,NE$LESS TO SAY1 HE CLAIMS ?AT ,I FAIL TO UND]/& P[] 9 ABORIG9AL SOCIETIES1 0:]E ! SO-CALL$ *IEF IS USUALLY A SPOKESMAN & A GO-BETWE50 7,B,B1 P4 #i#h74  ,?IS WAS PROBABLY TRUE AT ONE TIME 9 ! E>LY DEVELOPM5T ( *IEFDOMS1 BUT IT IS EVID5CE ( ,WATSON'S /ATIC1 ABSOLUTI/ M5TALITY ?AT HE FAILS TO SEE ?AT MANY *IEFDOMS GRADUALLY & SOMETIMES EV5 PRECIPIT\SLY TRANS=M$ !MSELVES1 SO ?AT *IEFS BECAME PETTY DESPOTS & EV5 MON>*S LONG BE=E !RE W]E 0MEGAMA*9ES0 & MAJOR TE*NOLOGICAL ADVANCES4    ,WATSON'S RECKLESS F>RAGO ( OBFUSCATION M]ELY BECL\DS HIS [N IGNORANCE4  ,! FACT IS ?AT HE HIMSELF SIMPLY CANNOT ANSW] ! QUE/ION ( H[ SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T OCCURS4  ,AL?\< ! PAGES ( ,B,B >E B]EFT ( AN EXPLANATION = ! ORIG9 ( DOM9ATION1 9 AN E>LI] WORK HE ONCE BRI<TLY SUGGE/$3 0,SOMEH[ .<6.> 4 4 4 ! PRIMAL WORLD UNRAVEL.<$.> AS ! 9/ITUTIONS ( K+%IP & CLASS SOCIETY EM]G$4  ,H[ IT HAPP5$ REMA9S UNCLE> TO US TODAY0 7,C,I,B1 P4 #a74  ,I HATE TO ?9K H[ DESICCAT$ SOCIAL !ORY W\LD BECOME IF ALL ITS ?9K]S EXHIBIT$ ! SAME PAUCITY ( CURIOSITY & SPECULATIVE V]VE ?AT ?IS (F-H&$ REM>K REVEALS4  ,9/EAD ( MAK+ ANY ATTEMPT TO ACC\NT = SOCIAL EVOLUTION1 ,WATSON M]ELY TIMES ! PASSAGE ( MILL5NIA ( HOM9ID & HUMAN EVOLUTION ) HIS /OPWAT* 70N9ETY-N9E P]C5T071 AS ?\< TIM+ W]E MORE IMPORTANT ?AN EXAM9+ ! CAUSES 70:I* REMA9 UNCLE> = US TODAY07 ?AT IMPELL$ HOM9IDS & HUMANS TO MAKE ?OSE MAJOR DECISIONS ?AT EV5TUALLY REMOV$ !M FROM !IR SIMPLE LIFEWAYS & L&$ !M 9 ! COMPLEX COILS ( ! 0MEGAMA*9E40  ,IF WE EV] DO >RIVE AT ! 0REVOLUTION .<?AT.> WILL BE A K9D ( RETURN0 7,B,B1 P4 #a#e#d71 !N ) ,WATSON TO GUIDE US1 & LACK+ ANY UND]/&+ ( ! PROCESSES ( *ANGE1 !N WE WILL HAVE LITTLE OR NO?+ TO PREV5T \R NEW SOCIETY FROM ONCE AGA91 DUR+ ! NEXT HI/ORICAL CYCLE1 RECAPITULAT+ ! RISE ( HI]>*ICAL & CLASS SOCIETY4   ,IF !RE IS ONE ?+ ON :I* EV]YONE--,WATSON1 ! AN?ROPOLOGI/S1 & MYSELF--AGREES1 IT IS ?AT AMONG =AG+ PEOPLES TODAY1 !IR SUBJECTIVITY HAS FAIL$ TO PREV5T EI!R ! 9VASION ( COMMODITIESFROM ! 9DU/RIALIZ$ WORLD OR ITS COLONIZATION ( MAT]IAL LIFE4  ,BUT IT IS WOR? ASK+ H[ MU* DELIB]ATE RESI/ANCE TRIBAL SOCIETIES HAVE PUT UP AGA9/ ?IS 9VASION4  ,= !IR P>T1 ! 6,KUNG1 ! FLAG%IP CULTURE ( 0ORIG9AL AFFLU5CE0 !ORI/S1 SE5 TO BE GREATLY ATTRACT$ TO MOD]N 0GOODIES40  ,AS ,JOHN ,E4 ,YELL51 TO CITE ONLY ONE ( SEV]AL ACC\NTS1 F\ND :5 HE VISIT$ ,DOBE 9 ! MID-#a#i#gS1 6,KUNG W]E PLANT+ FIELDS & WE>+ MASS-PRODUC$ CLO?+2 9DE$1 !Y HAD GIV5 UP !IR TRADITIONAL GRASS HUTS = 0MORE SUB/ANTIAL MUD-WALL$ /RUCTURES40  ,SIGNIFICANTLY1 !IR HE>?S1 :I* HAD =M]LY BE5 LOCAT$ 9 ! FRONT ( !IR HUTS--:]E !Y W]E 0C5TRAL TO MU* SOCIAL 9T]ACTION0--W]E N[ LOCAT$ AWAY FROM ! COMMUNITY C5T]1 & ! HUTS !MSELVES1 ONCE SPAC$ CLOSE TOGE!R1 W]E N[ F>!R AP>T4.<#c#a.>    ,MOREOV]1 ! ACQUISITION ( COMMODITIES HAS N[ BECOME ( MAJOR IMPORTANT4  ,:]E ONCE1 AS ,LEE PUT IT1 ! *>GE ( 0/+9ESS0 WAS ONE ( 0! MO/ S]I\S ACCUSATIONS ONE 6,KUNG .<C\LD.> LEVEL AGA9/ ANO!R10.<#c#b.> COMMODITIES >E N[ %AMELESSLY HO>D$3   ,) !IR NEWF\ND CA% .<! 6,KUNG.> HAD ALSO PUR*AS$ SU* GOODS AS GLASS BEADS1 CLO?+ & EXTRA BLANKETS1 :I* !Y HO>D$ 9 METAL TRUNKS 7(T5 LOCK$7 9 !IR HUTS4  ,MANY TIMES ! ITEMS F> EXCE$$ ! NE$S ( AN 9DIVIDUAL FAMILY & C\LD BE/ BE VIEW$ AS A =M ( SAV+S OR 9VE/M5T4  ,9 O!R WORDS1 ! 6,KUNG W]E BEHAV+ 9 WAYS ?AT W]E CLE>LY ANTI!TICAL TO ! TRADITIONAL %>+ SY/EM4  ,YET ! PEOPLE /ILL SPOKE ( ! NE$ TO %>E & W]E EMB>RASS$ TO OP5 !IR TRUNKS = .<! AN?ROPOLOGI/.>4  ,CLE>LY1 !IR /AT$ VALUES NO LONG] DIRECT$ !IR ACTIVITY4.<#c#c.>  ,IT MU/ BE SUPPOS$ ?AT ! 6,KUNG ?9K SO LITTLE ( !IR 0ORIG9AL AFFLU5CE0 ?AT1 EV5 9 ! DECADES S9CE ! #a#i#fS1 MANY ( !M HAVE DISC>D$ PRIMITIVE LIFEWAYS = ! AM5ITIES ( ! 0MEGAMA*9E0 & EXHIBIT AN EAG]NESS TO OBTA9 MORE ?AN !Y ALREADY HAVE4 ,IT MAY ALSO BE ?AT ! B\RGEOIS COMMODITY HAS AN 5ORM\S CAPACITY TO 9VADE PRIMITIVE ECONOMIES & UND]M9E !M DISA/R\SLY--,WATSON'S C]TA9TIES TO ! CONTR>Y NOT)/&+4  ,REASON & ,IRRATIONALISM ,AS A MAN :OSE VISION IS TURN$ TO ! PA/--:E!R IT BE ! TE*NOLOGY ( ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES1 OR ! S5SIBILITY ( ! ,PALEOLI?IC OR ,NEOLI?IC--IT %\LD COME NO A SURPRISE ?AT ,WATSON FAVORS ! MORE PRIMAL IMP]ATIVES ( 9TUITION OV] 9TELLECTUAL REFLECTION & HAS V]Y LITTLE TO SAY AB\T RATIONALITY ?AT IS FAVORABLE4  ,9 ?IS RESPECT1 HE IS NO?+ IF NOT TR5DY3  ! CURR5T EXPLOSION ( 9T]E/ 9 IRRATIONAL *>LATANS--PSY*ICS1 DIV9ATORS1 MY/ICS1 %AMANS1 PRIE/ESSES1 A/ROLOG]S1 ANGELOLOG]S1 DEMONOLOG]S1 EXTRAT]RE/RIALS1 ET CET]A AD NAUSEAM--IS MASSIVE4  ,HUMORLESS ?\< ,I MAY BE--AS ,WATSON TELLS HIS READ]S1 ON ! AU?ORITY ( SOMEONE :O 0KN[S0 ME 09TIMATELY0 7SURELY NOT ,JOHN ,CL>K67 7,B,B1 P4 #c#i7--,I W\LD REG>D ?IS IRRATIONALISM AS LAU<ABLE1 W]E IT NOT 9TEGRAL TO HIS AN>*ISM & TO HIS GROSS MISREPRES5TATION ( MY [N VIEWS4  

 ,I HAVE LONG BE5 A CRITIC ( MY?OPOESIS1 SPIRITUALISM1 & RELIGION4  ,YET AS ! AU?OR ( 0,DESIRE & ,NE$0 & ,! ,ECOLOGY ( ,FRE$OM1 ,I HAVE ALSO F]V5TLY CELEBRAT$ ! IMPORTANCE ( IMAG9ATION & ! CREATIVE ROLE ( DESIRE4  ,MY WRIT+S ON REASON CONTA9 NUM]\S CRITIQUES ( CONV5TIONAL OR ANALYTIC 7COMMONLY KN[N AS 9/RUM5TAL7 REASON1 IMPORTANT AS IT IS 9 EV]YDAY LIFE & EXP]I5CE4  ,I HAVE LONG MA9TA9$ ?AT ! ANALYTICAL =MS ( SCI5TIFIC RATIONALITY LEAVE MU* TO BE DESIR$ = UND]/&+ DEVELOPM5TAL PH5OM5A1 SU* AS BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION & HUMAN SOCIAL HI/ORY4   ,!SE FIELDS >E BETT] COMPREH5D$1 ,I HAVE >GU$1 BY DIALECTICAL REASON1 :OSE /UDY1 PRACTICE1 & ADVOCACY HAVE BE5 MY GREAT] 9T]E/4  ,DIALECTIC IS ! RATIONALITY ( DEVELOPM5TAL PROCESSES1 ( PH5OM5A ?AT SELF-ELABORATE 9TO DIV]SE =MS & COMPLEX 9T]ACTIONS--9 %ORT1 A SECUL> =M ( REASON ?AT EXPLORES H[ REALITY1 DESPITE ITS MULTIPLICITY1 UNFOLDS 9TO >TICULAT$1 9T]ACTIVE1 & %>$ RELATION%IPS4  ,IT PROVIDES A SECUL> & NATURALI/IC BASIS = BOLD SPECULATION1 = LOOK+ BEYOND ! GIV5 REALITY TO :AT 0%\LD BE10 BAS$ ON ! ACTUALIZATION ( RATIONALLY UNFOLD+ POT5TIALITIES--&1 IF Y\ PLEASE1 = =MULAT+ UTOPIAN VISIONS ( A SOCIETY 9=M$ BY >T1 ECOLOGY1 COOP]ATION1 & SOLID>ITY4  ,I HAVE DEVOT$ A VOLUME ( ESSAYS1 ,! ,PHILOSOPHY ( ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY1 TO ELUCIDATIONS ( ! LIMITS ( ANALYTIC REASON & ! IMPORTANCE ( DIALECTIC4    ,?US1 9 READ+ ,B,B1 ,I WAS %OCK$ TO F9D ?AT ,WATSON1 DESC5D+ TO ! DEP?S ( DEMAGOG]Y1 WRITES NOT ONLY ?AT ,I AM A PROMOT] ( 0REIFI$ HYP]-RATIONALITY & SCI5TISM0 7,B,B1 P4 #d#e7 BUT ?AT ,I 0ADH]E TO REPRESSIVE REASON0 7,B,B1 P4 #f#h7--NO LESS6    ,COM+ FROM A PHILOSOPHICAL NAIF SU* AS ,WATSON1 ?IS DI/ORTION C\LD WELL BE ATTRIBUT$ TO ! K9D ( >ROGANCE ?AT (T5 ACCOMPANIES FATUITY4  ,BUT ,WATSON DOES NOT RE/RICT HIS ATTACK TO ME2 RA!R1 HE PROCE$S TO M\NT AN ATTACK UPON !VALIDITY ( REASON ITSELF BY ATTACK+ ITS V]Y F\NDATIONS4  0,DISCURSIVE REASON & RATIONAL ANALYZES10 WE LE>N1 >E M]ELY 0DEP5D5T ON 9TUITION0 7,B,B1 P4 #e#i71 :ILE AN UND]LY+ K9D ( KN[+ IS SOMEH[ MORE PR(\ND3 0! 'SAGE-KN[L$GE' OR 'NO-KN[L$GE' ( ,Z5 & ,TAOISM1 = EXAMPLE1 :I* PASSES BEYOND ! 'DI/9CTION BETWE5 ?+S' TO ! 'SIL5CE ?AT REMA9S 9 ! UNDIFF]5TIAT$ :OLE'0 7,R4,G4,H4 ,SIU QUOT$ 9 ,B,B1 P4 #f74  ,IT IS POSSIBLE TO DISMISS ?IS 9EFFABLE WORDPLAY AS NONS5SE2 AN ASS]TION ( ! SIGNIFICANCE ( 9SIGNIFICANCE1 = 9/ANCE1 W\LD MAKE MORE S5SE ?AN ?IS PASSAGE1 LEAV+ ! READ] NO WIS] AB\T ! NATURE ( REALITY4  ,:AT IS MORE IMPORTANT1 H[EV]1 IS ! %E] >BITR>9ESS & R$UCTIONISM ( ,WATSON'S NONME?ODOLOGY4  ,HAV+ BR\<T US 9TO A BLACK HOLE ( 0NO-KN[L$GE10 ,WATSON IS FREE TO SAY ANY?+ HE WANTS )\T EV] EXPOS+ IT TO ! *ALL5GE ( REASON OR EXP]I5CE4  ,AS ,PAUL ,FEY]AB5D ONCE WROTE3 0,ANY?+ GOES60 ,) ?IS APPROA*1 ,WATSON IS AT LIB]TY TO FREI<T HIS READ]S ) NONHI/ORICAL HI/ORIES1 NON!ORETICAL !ORIES1 & IRRATIONAL RATIONALITIES4.<#c#d.>  ,9DE$1 ! LIFEL9ES PROVID$ BY RATIONALITY & SCI5CE ?AT AN*OR US TO REALITY & ! NATURAL WORLD ITSELF COME UNMOOR$ AS ,WATSON PROCE$S ) HIS EXPOSITION4  ,COMPLA9+ ?AT 0SOCIAL ECOLOGY DEM&S EXPLANATION10 HE >GUES ?AT 0NO?+1 NOT EV5 SCI5CE OR SOCIAL ECOLOGY1 EXPLA9S ANY?+ DEF9ITIVELY4  ,ALL EXPLANATIONS >E MATT]S ( CR$IBILITY & P]SUASION1 JU/ AS ALL ?9K+ IS FUNDAM5TALLY METAPHORICAL0 7,B,B1 P4 #e74    ,NEI!R ,NIETZS*E NOR ! PO/MOD]NI/S :O CURR5TLY FOLL[ 9 HIS WAKE CAN HAVE =MULAT$ A MORE DISA/R\S NOTION1 FULFILL+ PRECISELY MY ANALYSIS 9 ,S,A,L,A4  ,EV5 SCI5CE1 WE LE>N1 HAS NOT GIV5 US KN[L$GE3  TO MY COLLEAGUE ,JANET ,BIEHL'S OBS]VATION ?AT 0WE .<KN[L$GEABLE HUMAN BE+S.> DO KN[ MORE AB\T ! WORK+S ( NATURE ?AN WAS ! CASE ) E>LI] SOCIETIES10 ,WATSON BRI<TLY RESPONDS1  0,EV5 SCI5TI/S DON'T SEEM TO AGREE ON 4 4 4 ! DEF9ITION ( :AT IS ALIVE07,B,B1 P4 #e#h71  :I* IS SUPPOS$ TO 9DICATE ?AT SCI5CE CAN'T TELL US MU* ( ANY?+ AT ALL4  ,YET EI<T PAGES E>LI] ,WATSON NOT$ ) SP>KL+ ORIG9ALITY1 0,?IS DOESN'T MEAN ?AT SCI5TIFIC REASON+ CAN'T HELP US TO KN[ OR EXPLA9 ANY?+1 ONLY ?AT !RE >E O!R WAYS ( KN[+0 7,B,B1 P4 #e7--A PO9T ,I EMPHASIZ$ YE>S AGO 9 ,! ,ECOLOGY ( ,FRE$OM 7PP4 #b#h#c-#h#f74  ,AS TO SCI5CE 7MORE PROP]LY1 ! SCI5CES1 S9CE ! NOTION ( A ,SCI5CE ?AT HAS ONLY ONE ME?OD & APPROA* IS FALLACI\S73 IT 7OR !Y7 DO NOT CLAIM TO 0EXPLA9 ANY?+ DEF9ITIVELY10 M]ELY TO (F] ! BE/ & MO/ RATIONAL EXPLANATIONS 7D>E ,I USE ?IS WORD87 = PH5OM5A BAS$ ON ! BE/ AVAILABLE OBJECTIVE DATA--EXPLANATIONS ?AT >E SUBJECT1 HAPPILY1 TO *ANGE1:5 BETT] DATA COME TO LI<T1 RA!R ?AN TO ,WATSONIAN 0NO-KN[L$GE40  ,IF ,BIEHL & ,I OBJECT TO ! 0EXTR>ATIONAL & IRRATIONAL FACETS ( ! HUMAN P]SONALITY0 7,B,B1 P4 #b#b7 & 0JUDG.<E.> EXTR>ATIONAL MODES ( ?\<T WOR?LESS0 7,BIEHL QUOT$ 9 ,B,B1 P4 #d#i71 IT IS NOT !SE FACULTIES 9 !MSELVES ?AT WE CRITICIZE BUT ! EMPLOYM5T ( !M 9 >5AS = :I* !Y >E NOT SUIT$4  ,= GA9+ AN UND]/&+ ( ! NATURAL & SOCIAL WORLDS1 EMOTIONS & 9TUITIONS 7!Y >E BY NO MEANS ! SAME ?+7 >E BO? WORSE ?AN USELESS1 :ILE = G5]AL COMMUNAL 5DEAVORS LIKE POLITICS1 !Y CAN EV5 BE POSITIVELY H>MFUL1 AS ! IRRATIONALI/IC MESSAGES ( FASCISM 9DICATE4    ,BUT NEI!R ,BIEHL OR ,I EV] CONDEMN$ !M AS 9APPROPRIATE = ! EMOTIONAL DIM5SIONS ( HUMAN LIFE1 SU* AS FRI5D%IPS & FAMILIES1 ES!TICS & PLAY4  ,9 FACT1 ,I DEFY MY IRRATIONALI/ CRITICS TO %[ ME A S+LE QUOTATION FROM MY WORK 9 :I* ,I DISDA9 ! USE ( METAPHOR OR MY?OPOESIS = CREAT+ POETRY & WORKS ( >T4  ,BY TRUNDL+ \T MYOBJECTIONS TO !IR MISUSE 9 POLITICAL & SOCIAL MATT]S1 ,WATSON CANNILY CREATES ! ILLUSION ?AT ,I AM HO/ILE TO !M ALTOGE!R1 9 ALL >5AS ( LIFE4    ,! SUBJECT-MATT] ( MY [N WORK--9DE$1 ! SUBJECT-MATT] ?AT ,WATSON SEEMS TO BE DEBAT+ ) ME--IS NEI!R PSY*OLOGY NOR ! PROCESSES ( >TI/IC CREATION BUT POLITICS1 AN 5DEAVOR TO UND]/& ! SOCIAL WORLD &1 9 COMMUNITY1 TO EX]T CONSCI\S *OICE OV] =MS ( SOCIAL RELATIONS4  ,?IS 5DEAVOR DEM&S AN 5TIRELY DIFF]5T CATEGORY ( SUBJECTIVE PROCESSES FROM ?OSE DEM&$ BY >TI/IC CREATION4  ,9 COMMON ) SCI5CE1 RATIONALITY 7AS IT IS COMMONLY UND]/OOD7 EMPHATICALLY SEEKS EXPLANATIONS :OSE TRU? IS CONFIRM$ BY OBS]VATION & LOGICAL CONSI/5CY1 9CLUD+ SPECULATION4  ,?AT ?IS REQUIREM5T IS NOT ALWAYS 5\< TO >RIVE AT TRU? DOES NOT MEAN ?AT RATIONALITY %\LD BE AB&ON$ 9 FAVOR ( ! METAPHORS1 PSY*OBABBLE1 & 0NO-KN[L$GE0 PRECEPTS ?AT SPEW FROM ,WATSON'S HEAT$ IMAG9ATION4  ,FEW ?+S HAVE GREAT] POT5TIAL = AU?ORIT>IANISM1 9 MY VIEW1 ?AN ! GURU :OSE VAG>IES /AKE \T A CLAIM TO TRU? ?AT IS BEYOND LOGICAL & EXP]I5TIAL SCRUT9Y4.<#c#e.>    ,! NI<TM>I% CONSEQU5CES ( IRRATIONALISM1 FROM ,COSSACK POGROMS TO ! KILL+ FIELDS (,CAMBODIA1 FROM 5DLESS RELIGI\S W>S TO ! G5OCIDES ( ,HITL] & ,/AL91 FROM ,KLAN LYN*+S TO ! ,JONE/[N MASS SUICIDE1 >E ! FRUITS ( MY?OPOESIS AT !IR DEMONIC WOR/ :5 IT IS ADOPT$ AS A GUIDE TO POLITICAL & SOCIAL AFFAIRS1 JU/ AS ! WORKS ( ,%ELLEY & ,JOYCE >E AMONG ! FRUITS ( MY?OPOESIS AT ITS BE/ 9 >TI/IC AFFAIRS4  ,9 ! >TS MY?OPOESIS IS A WAY TO %>P5 & DEEP5 HUMAN S5SIBILITY2 BUT 9 POLITICS--A REALM :]E PEOPLE & CLASSES /RUGGLE ) EA* O!R = P[] & ! REALIZATION ( !IR MO/ IMPORTANT COMMUNAL HOPES1 & ! =CE FIELD ( T5SION BETWE5 ! DOM9AT$ & !IR DOM9ATORS--MY?OPOESIS1 AS A SUB/ITUTE = RATIONAL 9QUIRY1 (T5 BECOMES DEMONIC1 APPEAL+ TO ! L[E/ COMMON D5OM9ATOR ( IMPULSE & 9/9CT 9 ! 9DIVIDUALS 9 A COMMUNITY4  ,IMPULSES & 9/9CTS1 :ILE V]Y COMMONPLACE1 CANNOT GUIDE US TO ! A*IEVEM5T ( A BETT] & MORE HUMANE WORLD2 9DE$1 ! USE ( MY? 9 POLITICS IS AN 9VITATION TO DISA/]4    ,WATSON'S REJO9D] IS TO >GUE ?AT REASON1 TOO1 HAS CONTRIBUT$ TO ! SLAU<T]B5* ( HI/ORY3  0,PL5TY ( BLOOD HAS FL[$19CIT$ BY 4 4 4 'HALL[$' DIALECTICAL REASON 4 4 4 AS ,COMRADE ,BOOK*9 KN[S0 7,B,B1 P4 #d#f71 FUR!R CONT5D+1 0,IT'S H>D TO SAY :E!R FASCI/ IRRATIONALITY OR M>XI/ RATIONALITY KILL$ MORE PEOPLE4  ,IF .<,BOOK*9 IS.> GO+ TO HOLD ANY & ALL MY?IC ?9K+ RESPONSIBLE = ITS EXCESSES1 %\LDN'T HE DO ! SAME = RATIONALITY & DIALECTICS80 7,B,B1 P4 #g#b-#g#c7   ,EV5 IF ,I W]E A COMRADE ( ,DAVID ,WATSON--A PROSPECT ,I F9D DI/A/EFUL--,I W\LD F9D ?IS ID5TIFICATION ( 0DIALECTICAL REASON0 & 0M>XI/ RATIONALITY0 ) ,/AL9ISM OR EV5 ,L59ISM TO BE ODI\S4  ,AS A =M] ,TROTSKYI/1 ,WATSON %\LD KN[--BETT] ?AN MANY ( HIS Y\NG AN>*I/ READ]S--?AT ,M>X W\LD HAVE BE5 ! FIR/ TO CONDEMN ,/AL9I/ TOTALIT>IANISM4  ,9/EAD1 ,WATSON P&]S TO FIL?Y PREJUDICE4  ,AS = ! SUPPOS$ L9K BETWE5 DIALECTICAL REASON & ! ,/AL9I/ SY/EM1 A MU* /RONG] CASE C\LD BE MADE ?AT MY?OPOESIS FO/]$ ! ,/AL9I/ CULT ( P]SONALITY1 ! WELL-OR*E/RAT$ 0,MAY ,DAY0 P>ADES1 ! REWRIT+ ( ,BOL%EVIK HI/ORY1 & ! 5DLESS MY?S AB\T ! ,GREAT ,FA!R ( ! ,PEOPLE :O /OOD ATOP ,L59'S MAUSOLEUM--9 %ORT1 ALL ! TRAPP+S ?AT ,RUSSIAN FASCISM BORR[$ FROM ! W>EH\SE ( MY?OPOESIS4  ,TO CALL ,/AL9 A DIALECTICIAN1 LET ALONE A PHILOSOPH]1 W\LD BE LIKE CALL+ ,HITL] A BIOLOGI/ OR A G5ETICI/4  ,BUT NO?+ FAZES ,WATSON4 ,IF 0MY? & METAPHOR0 >E 0NE$$0 & 0PROBABLY 9EVITABLE0 9 POLITICS 7,B,B1 P4 #e71 AS ,WATSON CONT5DS1 !N :ATEV] POLITICS HE HAS TO (F] IS DEEPLY TR\BL$4  ,C]TA9LY1 PEASANT REVOLUTION>IES LIKE ,JOHN ,BALL & ,WAT ,TYL]1 9 ! F\RTE5? C5TURY1 G5U9ELY BELIEV$ 9 & ?US 9VOK$ 0! IDEA ( A R5EW$ ,GOLD5 ,AGE10 :ILE ABOLITIONI/S & CIVIL RI<TS CL]ICS TOOK UP 0! BIBLICAL METAPHOR ( EXODUS0 7,B,B1 P4 #e74  ,)9 ! CONTEXT ( ?OSE V]Y RELIGI\S TIMES1 !SE USES ( MY? BY RELIGI\S PEOPLE >E UND]/&ABLE4  ,YET IT REMA9S TR\BL+ ?AT1 NO MATT] H[ MU* ! REBELLI\S PEASANTS BELIEV$ 9 ! ,G>D5 ( ,$51 !IR BELIEF WAS /ILL ILLUSORY2 ,BALL C\LD NEV] HAVE CREAT$ A ,G>D5 ( ,$5 ON E>?1 LEA/ ( ALL ) F\RTE5?-C5TURY KN[L$GE & TE*NOLOGY4  ,& NO MATT] H[ MU* ! ABOLITIONI/S & CIVIL RI<TS CL]ICS MAY HAVE BELIEV$ 9 ! REALITY ( ! BIBLICAL EXODUS1 !Y W\LD HAVE BE5 UNABLE TO TAKE ,AM]ICAN BLACKS TO ANY SU* PROMIS$ L&4  ,EV5 AFT] ! ,CIVIL ,W> & ! ,EMANCIPATION ,PROCLAMATION1 AS ONE =M] ,CONF$]ATE PUT IT1 0,ALL ! BLACKS GOT WAS 'FRE$OM' & NO?+ ELSE40  ,) GREAT] OR LESS] DEGREES ( FAI?1 !SE MOVEM5TS HELD \T MY?S :OSE REALIZATION WAS NEV]!LESS IMPOSSIBLE TO A*IEVE4  ,9 MOD]N TIMES WE KN[ BETT] ?AN TO ACCEPT ! REALITY ( SUP]/ITIONS1 & TODAY ! JOB ( A REVOLUTION>Y IS NOT TO CYNICALLY PROPAGATE MY?S = ! CONSUMPTION ( ! SUPPOS$LY GULLIBLE MASSES1 BUT TO %[ ?AT DOM9ATION & EXPLOITATION >E IRRATIONAL & UNJU/4 ,IT IS TO (F] PRECISELY ?OSE DREAD$ 0EXPLANATIONS10 TO =M A WORLDLY MOVEM5T ?AT CAN /RUGGLE TO A*IEVE A RATIONAL1 ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY 9 REALITY4  ,ONE ( ! GREAT DANG]S ( MY? 9 POLITICS IS ITS FICTIONAL NATURE2 BECAUSE MY? IS CONTRIV$1 ITS USE IS !RE=E 9/RUM5TAL & MANIPULATIVE1 & ITS APPLICATION DEMAGOGIC4    ,WORSE1 AS A BETRAYAL ( ! HI<E/ IDEAL ( SOCIAL AN>*ISM--NAMELY1 ?AT PEOPLE CAN MANAGE !IR SOCIAL AFFAIRS ?R\< RATIONAL DISC\RSE--! ADVOCACY ( MY? 9 POLITICS IS IMPLICITLY UNDEMOCRATIC & AU?ORIT>IAN4  ,:5 A MY? IS BAS$ ON MY/]Y1 IT PROVIDES A JU/IFICATION = DEM&+ OB$I5CE TO ! 9EXPLICABLE4  ,?US1 M$IEVAL *ILIA/S CLAIM$ ?AT !Y W]E 9/RUM5TS ( GOD OR HIS E>?LY EMBODIM5T1 ONLY TO MANIPULATE !IR SUPPORT]S 9 !IR [N 9T]E/1 DEMORALIZE !M1 & LEAD !M TO T]RIBLE DEFEATS4   ,WATSON'S [N CASE = MY?OPOESIS RE/S SQU>ELY ON ! LURE ( MY/]Y RA!R ?AN REASON2 ON ANIMALI/IC ADAPTATION RA!R ?AN ON ACTIVITY2 ON ACCEPTANCE RA!R ?AN ON 9NOVATION2 & ON RECOV]Y RA!R ?AN DISCOV]Y--! LONG-HALL[$ !SES ( PRIE/S1 DESPOTS1 & AU?ORIT>IANS ( ALL SORTS4  ,A/ONI%+LY1 ! MY?S ?AT ,WATSON HIMSELF *OOSES TO PROPAGATE CAN 9 NO WAY BE CON/RU$ AS LIB]ATORY1 EV5 BY ?OSE :O FAVOR MY? 9 POLITICS1 BUT RA!R 9CULCATE IRRATIONALISM & PASSIVITY4 ,FAVORABLY QUOT+ ,JOSEPH ,EPES ,BR[N1 HE 5JO9S HIS READ]S TO 0HUMBLE !MSELVES BE=E ! 5TIRE CREATION1 BE=E ! SMALLE/ ANT1 REALIZ+ !IR [N NO?+NESS0 7,B,B1 P4 #e#f74  ,AT A TIME :5 POLITICAL & SOCIAL PASSIVITY HAVE SUNK TO APPALL+ DEP?S1 DOES ,WATSON REALLY FEEL ?AT SU* AN 9JUNCTION1 APPLI$ TO POLITICS1 W\LD NOT BE LAD5 ) EXTRAORD9>Y DANG]S8.<#c#f.>   ,! SUBJECTIVITY ( ABORIG9AL PEOPLES1 AS ,I >GU$ 9 ,RE-,5*ANT+ ,HUMANITY1 UND]/&ABLY MAKES IT DIFFICULT = !M TO ACC\NT = DREAMS1 9 :I* PEOPLE FLY1 ! DEAD REAPPE> AS LIV+1 & GAME ANIMALS ACQUIRE FANTA/IC AN?ROPOMORPHIC P[]S1 SU* AS SPEE* & ! =MATION ( 9/ITUTIONS4  ,IT WAS A HI/ORIC CONTRIBUTION ( SECUL> PHILOSOPHY & SCI5CE TO DISSOLVE ! SEEM+ OBJECTIVITY ( DREAMS & REVEAL !M AS PURE SUBJECTIVITY--AN 5LI<T5M5T ?AT IS BY NO MEANS COMPLETE 9 ! PRES5T ]A ( REACTION4  ,= ,WATSON1 H[EV]1 SU* AN 5LI<T5M5T IS PROBLEMATIC AT BE/ & OBFUSCATORY AT WOR/4  ,COMPLA9+ ?AT ,I 0OPT = ! R$UCTIONISM ( MOD]N SCI5CE & ECONOMI/IC RATIONALITY0 7,B,B1 P4 #e#i71 HE CELEBRATES 9/EAD ! MO/ LIMIT+ FEATURES ( PRIMAL SUBJECTIVITY--%AMANISM1 DREAMS1 & RITUAL--!REBY P&]+ TO ! TR5DY MY/ICISM ABROAD TODAY4  ,HE COMM5DS :AT HE SEES AS ! ABORIG9AL WAY ( P]CEIV+ REALITY1 9ASMU* AS 0'EV]Y?+ ?AT IS P]CEIV$ BY ! S5SE1 ?\<T (1 FELT1 & DREAM$ (1 EXI/S'0 7,B,B1 P4 #e#i74  ,H]E HE IS QUOT+ ! AN?ROPOLOGI/ ,PAUL ,RAD91 :O WAS DESCRIB+ ! WAY ,AM]ICAN ,9DIAN P]CEPTIONS ( REALITY 9CLUDE EV]Y?+ S5S$1 FELT1 & DREAM$4 ,WATSON1 H[EV]1 TURNS ?IS DESCRIPTION 9TO A PRESCRIPTION1 9DE$ 9TO A DESIRABLE EPI/EMOLOGY 9 :I* DREAM & REALITY >E ESS5TIALLY 9DI/+UI%ABLE4   ,9 ORD] TO PROVIDE 0A L>G] IDEA ( REALITY10 ,WATSON !REUPON TRANSPORTS US NOT ONLY ?R\< ?IS DREAM WORLD BUT 9TO 9EFFABLE %AMANI/IC KN[L$GE2 HE AIMS TO CONV9CE US ?AT %AMANISM IS A CALL+1 ?AT %AMANS >E SE]S1 POETS1 SAGES--&1 BY IMPLICATION1 ?AT !Y HAVE ACCESS TO ! SPECIAL KN[L$GE ( REALITY ?AT IS D5I$ TO REASON & SCI5CE4.<#c#g.>    ,LET ME EMPHASIZE ?AT ,PAUL ,RAD9 7:O ,I US$ AS AS\RCE 9 ,! ,ECOLOGY ( ,FRE$OM7 HELD A V]Y SKEPTICAL ATTITUDE T[>D %AMANS1 REG>D+ !M AS ! E>LIE/ POLITICIANS ( ABORIG9AL SOCIETIES1 %Y/]S :O MANIPULAT$ CLI5TS = SELF-S]V+ PURPOSES 7:I* IS NOT TO SAY ?AT A NUMB] ( !M MAY NOT HAVE HAD GOOD 9T5TIONS74  ,HE %[$ ?AT ! %AMANIC LIFE1 F> FROM BE+ A CALL+1 WAS (T5 WELL-ORGANIZ$ & BAS$ ON TRICK]Y H&$ D[N FROM FA!R TO SON OV] G5]ATIONS4  ,%AMANS 9 CONSOLIDAT$ TRIBES COMMONLY =M$ A SOCIAL ELITE1 BAS$ ON FE> & RE9=C$ BY ALLIANCES ) O!R ELITES1 SU* AS *IEFS4    ,H]E ! REASON ,WATSON FAVORS ! ABS5CE ( LIT]ACY AMONG ABORIG9ES BECOMES SOME:AT LESS MURKY3 PRECISELY ! USE ( SPOK5 WORDS BY %AMANS MADE IT ALL ! EASI] = !M TO MANIPULATE ! COMMUNITY1 CLAIM EXCLUSIVE ACCESS TO KN[L$GE1 USE ! UNRECORD$ WORD TO 9/ILL FE> 9 ! COMMUNITY1 & !REBY MANIPULATE IT4 ,RAD9'S 0PRAGMATIC0 JUDGM5TS ( !IR IMPACT W]E MORE ?AN JU/IFI$4  0,! DREAD ( ! PRACTICAL CONSEQU5CES ( ! %AMAN'S ACTIVITIES HANGS OV] ! ORD9>Y 9DIVIDUAL10 ,RAD9 WROTE ( SU* SITUATIONS1 REF]R+ TO ALLIANCES BETWE5 %AMANS & *IEFS AS 0CLE>LY A =M ( GANG/]ISM40.<#c#h.>   ,TO DISCR$IT ,RAD91 ,WATSON ACCUSES HIM ( 0EXCESSIVE PRAGMATISM0 7,B,B1 P4 #f7 &1 TO UND]M9E HIS ACC\NT ( %AMANISM1 W>NS ?AT 0,RAD9'S [N EXAMPLES ( MANIPULATIVE %AMANS COME MO/LY FROM COMMUNITIES 9FLU5C$ BY 5CROA*+ MONEY ECONOMIES OR FROM ,AFRICA0 7,B,B1 P4 #f#b74  ,! READ] IS !N REF]R$ TO PAGES #a#c#i-#d#a ( ,RAD9'S ,! ,WORLD ( ,PRIMITIVE ,MAN--:I* ,WATSON %\LD ACTUALLY HOPE !Y WILL NOT DO1 S9CE !SE PAGES CONTA9 A DISCUSSION1 NOT ( AN ,AFRICAN PEOPLE1 BUT ( ! ,YAKUTS1 A ,CALI=NIA PEOPLE1 & NO 05CROA*+ MONEY ECONOMY0IS M5TION$ !RE AT ALL4    

,EV5 :5 HE GETS HIS CITATIONS & PAGE NUMB]S /RAI<T1 ,WATSON'S VIEWS >E NO?+ IF NOT PREPO/]\S4  ,HIS [N MY?IC VIEW ( ABORIG9ALS & ESPECIALLY %AMANS IS NE>LY B]EFT ( SOCIAL & 9/ITUTIONAL AW>5ESS4  ,HE PREF]S TO DEF5D ! VAG>IES ( !IR SUBJECTIVITY AS ?\<1 LIKE ,A!NA1 IT SPRANG FROM ! HEAD ( ,ZEUS4  ,)\T TELL+ US H[1 HE M]ELY ASS]TS ?AT %AMANISM IS 0A COMPLEX PROCESS1 B\ND TO BE ( GREAT 9T]E/ TO AN ORGANIC1 HOLI/IC \TLOOK0 7,B,B1 P4 #f#d74.<#c#i.>  ,NO?+ >RE/S HIM 9 HIS LEAPS TO DEF5D ! MY/ICAL--& EV5 ! RELIGI\S4  ,?US :ILE CALL+ = 0AN ABID+ SPIRITUALITY10 HE DECLAIMS ?AT 0WE CANNOT R$UCE ! EXP]I5CE ( LIFE1 & ( ! FUNDAM5TAL1 9ESCAPABLE QUE/ION ( :Y WE LIVE1 & H[ WE LIVE1 TO SECUL> T]MS0 7,B,B1 P4 #f#f74  ,! READ] MAY REASONABLY ASK1 ,:Y NOT8  ,! ANSW]3  BECAUSE 0AN ATTEMPT TO DO SO BR+S ITS REV5GE--IF NOT 9 NIHILISM OR ALI5ATION1 !N 9 A LIT]ALI/IC FUNDAM5TALI/ REACTION0 7,B,B1 P4 #f#f74  ,IT'S NOT CLE> :AT A 0LIT]ALI/IC FUNDAM5TALI/ REACTION0 W\LD BE--SOMEH[ ! CLE> PROSE /YLE ON :I* ,WATSON PRIDES HIMSELF FAILS HIM ON ?IS CRUCIAL PO9T--BUT :AT HE SEEMS TO MEAN IS ?AT SECUL>ISM BRE$S A BACKLA% ( RELIGI\S FUNDAM5TALISM4 ,?IS IS A COMPELL+ HOMEOPA?IC >GUM5T3  TO AVOID RELIGION1 GET RELIGION6 

,IF ANY D\BTS REMA9 ?AT MY [N VIEWS & ,WATSON'S >E UNBRIDGEABLE1 ! *ASM ?AT SEP>ATES US ON ! ISSUE ( ABORIG9AL SUBJECTIVITY %\LD RESOLVE !M4 ,AT ! CLOSE ( HIS *APT] ON ?IS SUBJECT 9 ,B,B1 HE REC\NTS A #aiid TELEPHONE CONV]SATION BETWE5 US 9 :I* ,I QU]I$ HIM ON HIS NOTION ?AT WOLVES HAVE A 0PO9T ( VIEW40 7,WATSON *>GES ?AT ,I 0GRILL$0 HIM1 0AGGRESSIVELY0 *ALL5G$ HIM1 0JABB$0 HIM1 0*ORTL$10 & 0SNORT$10 :]EAS1 9 FACT1 HE HIMSELF WAS SO HO/ILE ?AT ,I QUIETLY SUGGE/$1 MORE ?AN ONCE1 ?AT WE JU/ HANG UP & ?AT HE %\LD M]ELY S5D ME ! ISSUE ( ,FIF? ,E/ATE ?AT ,I HAD CALL$ TO REQUE/--:I* HE NEV] DID47  

 ,DUR+ ! C\RSE ( ?IS CONV]SATION1 ,I SAID ?AT ,WATSON'S REM>KS ON ! 0WOLF'S PO9T ( VIEW0 REM9D$ ME ( ,BILL ,DEVALL'S CONT5TION ?AT R$WOOD TREES HAVE CONSCI\SNESS4  0,DO Y\ ?9K ! SAME IS TRUE ( WOLVES80  ,I ASK$4 ,9 RESPONSE1 HE SIMPLY REV]S$ MY QUE/ION3  0,H[ DO Y\ KN[ !Y DON'T80 ,! BURD5 ( PRO(1 ( C\RSE1 BELONGS SQU>ELY ) ! P]SON :O CLAIMS ?AT TREES & WOLVES DO HAVE CONSCI\SNESS1 ESPECIALLY IF BY CONSCI\SNESS WE MEAN ANY?+ ?AT RESEMBLES ?AT ( HUMANS4  ,9 FACT1 NEI!R TREES NOR WOLVES >E CON/ITUT$ TO HAVE CONSCI\SNESS 9 ANY SU* S5SE1 JU/ AS HUMANS >E NOT CON/ITUT$ TO 0NAVIGATE0 LIKE BIRDS1 AS ,ROB9 ,ECK]SLEY BRI<TLY PO9T$ \T4  ,TO ASSUME ?AT !Y DO OR EV5 ?AT !Y MI<T IS AN EXAMPLE ( 0?9K+0 ?AT IS NEI!R HOLI/IC1 DIALECTICAL1 NOR EV5 CONV5TIONAL1 BUT IS B]EFT ( ! LEA/ ABILITY TO PLACE WOLVES 9 A GRAD$ EVOLUTION>Y DEVELOPM5T OR ECOLOGICAL CONTEXT4   

 ,ACTUALLY1 ,WATSON GIVES HIS FULL ANSW] TO MY QU]Y AT ! 5D ( ,*APT] #c ( ,B,B1 :]E HE TROTS \T AN 5TIRE TEAM ( EXP]TS1 PRESUMABLY ( IMPECCABLE QUALIFICATIONS1 TO TE/IFY ON BEHALF ( ! NOTION ?AT WOLVES HAVE A 0PO9T ( VIEW0 & ?AT TREES HAVE CONSCI\SNESS4  ,! READ] IS FIR/ EXPOS$ TO ! TE/IMONY ( ,HANS ,PET] ,DU]R1 A ,NEW ,AGE AN?ROPOLOGI/ ( SORTS :O BELIEVES ?AT 0IT IS POSSIBLE TO COMMUNICATE ) SN[Y [LS1 PROVID$ 4 4 4 WE DISSOLVE ! B\ND>IES TO \R [N 'ANIMAL NATURE1' SEP>AT+ US FROM SN[Y [LS0 7QUOT$ 9 ,B,B1 P4 #e#e74  ,DU]R TE/IFIES ?AT SCI5TIFIC EVID5CE IS ILLEGITIMATE1 BUT HE IS H>DLY QUALIFI$ TO SPEAK ON ! SUBJECT1 S9CE HIS [N FLAKY WORK C\LD B5EFIT FROM MORE ATT5TION TO SCI5TIFIC EVID5CE2 HE APPRIZES US ?AT 0! SPIRITS LEAVE ! ISL& :5 ! AN?ROPOLOGI/S >RIVE0 7,B,B1 P4 #f#h7--A COMPELL+ >GUM5T = ?OSE :O BELIEVE 9 SPIRITS4   

,DU]R IS FOLL[$ BY ,H]AKLEITOS1 :O REM>KS ?AT 0WISDOM IS :OLE10 !REBY TELL+ US NO?+ :ATEV] AB\T ! QUE/ION AT H&4  ,= REASONS EV5 LESS CLE>1 WE >E !N GIV5 ,V&ANA ,%IVA1 :O CELEBRATES ! FACT ?AT ! WOM5 9 ! ,*IPKO MOVEM5T 9 ,9DIA GA9$ SPIRITUAL /R5G? BY 0EMBRAC+ M\NTA9S & LIV+ WAT]S0--A BOLD *ALL5GE TO ANYONE'S DEXT]ITY4  ,%E IS FOLL[$ BY ,ROB]T ,BLY1 :O WAXES POETIC AB\T A VIOLET COLOR 9SIDE BADG]S' HEADS & 9=MS US ?AT :5 HUMANS SEE TREES1 !Y EMIT 0TREE CONSCI\SNESS0 TO ! TREES1 :I* GIVES !M 7! TREES7 CONSCI\SNESS4   

 ,FOLL[+ ?IS OV]:ELM+LY P]SUASIVE >GUM5T1 WE >E EXPOS$-- NEVITABLY6--TO A POEM BY ! ,TAOI/ SAGE ,*UANG ,TZU1 :OSE CONCLUSION IS SIMPLY S5TIM5TAL PAP3 NAMELY1 HE KN[S ! JOY ( FI%ES ?R\< HIS [N JOY AS HE WALKS ALONG ! RIV]6  ,F9ALLY1 ! :OLE EX]CISE COMES TO M]CIFUL 5D ) COMM5TS FROM ,TATANGA ,MANI1 A ,/ONY ,9DIAN1 :O DECL>ES3 0,DO Y\ KN[ ?AT TREES TALK8  ,WELL !Y DO4  ,!Y TALK TO EA* O!R & !Y'LL TALK TO Y\ IF Y\'LL LI/50 7,B,B1 PP4 #f#h- #b74  ,! 0EXPLANATION10 ,I TAKE IT1 IS3 A ,NATIVE ,AM]ICAN SAYS IT1 H5CE IT MU/ BE TRUE4  ,IS ?AT ! 9F]5CE W]E >E TO DRAW H]E8  ,P]HAPS ! SNAPP+ & CRACKL+ ( BURN+ BRAN*ES 9 PRE-,COLUMBIAN ,NOR? ,AM]ICA WAS A CONV]SATION BETWE5 ,9DIAN HORTICULTURI/S & ! TREES !Y W]E OBLIG$ TO BURN AWAY 9 ORD] TO CULTIVATE FOOD & PROTECT !IR COMMUNITIES FROM 5EMIES4   

 ,WATSON'S TEAM ( EXP]TS1 DESPITE ALL !IR SPL5DOR & GLORY1 FAIL TO CONV9CE ME ?AT TREES HAVE CONSCI\SNESS2 ON ! CONTR>Y1 !Y SUCCE$ MA9LY 9 CAUS+ ME_*& P]HAPS O!R READ]S--TO WOND] AB\T !IR GRIP ON REALITY4  ,WATSON'S [N 9CL9ATIONS TO ACCEPT 0NO?+NESS10 TO LI/5 TO TREES 70A FUTURE SOCIAL ECOLOGY1 IF IT IS TO 5DURE AS A MEAN+FUL PHILOSOPHICAL CURR5T1 MU/ LE>N TO LI/50 TO TREES .<,B,B1 P4 #g#b.>71 & TO MI/AKE DREAMS = REALITY >E LIKELY TO LEAVE ! ?\<TFUL READ] 9 D\BT AB\T HIS [N REALITY PR9CIPLE1 P]HAPS EV5 HIS SANITY4  ,IF ?IS ECOBABBLE IS :AT WILL PASS = ECO-AN>*ISM1 !N ECO-AN>*ISM IS SUFF]+ FROM A PR(\ND CRISIS 9DE$4 

,! 0,DIALECTICS0 ( ,DI/ORTION 

 ,CONFUSIONS BETWE5 TRU? & REALITY HAVE CONSEQU5CES1 & ONE ( !M BECOMES PA9FULLY OBVI\S 9 ! WAY ,WATSON H&LES ! MATT] ( ,FRANCISCO ,GOYA'S ,CAPRI*O NO4 #d#c4 

 ,9 ,S,A,L,A ,I TOOK ISSUE ) ,FIF? ,E/ATE'S USE ( ?IS ET*+1 !IR TRANSLATION ( ! CAPTION1 & ! 9T]PRETATION !Y GAVE TO IT ON ! COV] ( !IR ,FALL_/,W9T] #aiic ISSUE4  ,! ORIG9AL CAPRI*O %[S ! >TI/ ASLEEP1 HIS >M & HEAD RE/+ ON HIS DESK1 :ILE >\ND HIM1 AS 9 A DREAM1 HOV] MON/R\S FIGURES ( BATS1 [LS1 & LYNXES4  ,ON ONE SIDE ( ! DESK1 ,GOYA 9SCRIB$ ! CAPTION3 0,EL SU5O DE LA RAZON PRODUCE MON/RUOS40  

,N[ SU5O HAS TWO MEAN+S 9 ,SPANI%3 IT MAY MEAN EI!R 0DREAM0 OR 0SLEEP40  ,DEP5D+ UPON :I* TRANSLATION ONE *OOSES1 ! CAPTION HAS DIAMETRICALLY OPPOSITE MEAN+S--& DIAMETRICALLY OPPOSITE EVALUATIONS ( REASON4  ,IF SU5O IS TRANSLAT$ AS 0DREAM10 !N ! CAPTION MEANS ?AT REASON PRODUCES MON/]S 7:5 REASON DREAMS71 & !RE=E IT IS A PEJORATIVE /ATEM5T AB\T REASON4  ,BUT IF SU5O IS TRANSLAT$ AS 0SLEEP10 !N ! CAPTION MEANS ?AT MON/]S APPE> :5 REASON IS ABS5T 7ASLEEP72 ! CAPTION IS !RE=E FAVORABLE TO REASON4  

 ,=TUNATELY1 WE HAVE IT FROM ,GOYA'S [N COMM5T>Y ?AT HE MEANT ?AT ! 0SLEEP0 ( REASON PRODUCES MON/]S4  ,AS HE EXPLA9$ 9 ANO!R CONTEXT1 HE MEANT3 0,LA FANTASIA AB&ONADA DE LA RAZON1 PRODUCE MON/RUOS IMPOSIBLES2 UNIDA CON ELLA1 ES MADRE DE LAS >TES Y ORIG5 DE SUS M>AVILLAS0 70,FANTASY AB&ON$ BY REASON PRODUCES IMPOSSIBLE MON/]S2 UNIT$ ) REASON1 %E IS ! MO!R ( ! >TS & ! S\RCE ( !IR M>VELS074.<#d.>  ,F> FROM ANA!MATIZ+ REASON1 ,GOYA 9T5D$ ! CAPRI*O TO AFFIRM ITS CRUCIAL IMPORTANCE4    

 ,FIF? ,E/ATE1 H[EV]1 TRANSLAT$ SU5O TO MEAN 0DREAM0-- H]EBY GIV+ ! CAPTION AN ANTIRATIONAL 9T]PRETATION4  ,TO EMPHASIZE !IR PO9T1 ! COLLECTIVE'S >TI/ DREW 9 A COMPUT] ATOP ! >TI/'S DESK1 5LI/+ ! CAPRI*O 9 SUPPORT ( P]IODICAL'S ANTI-,5LI<T5M5T TE*NOPHOBIA4  ,?IS *OICE MI<T HAVE BE5 =GIV5 AS AN UND]/&ABLE ]ROR 7,I'VE SE5 ! SAME MISUND]/&+ OCCUR ELSE:]E71 & ONCE ,I PO9T$ IT \T 9 ,S,A,L,A--PROVID+ !M ) ! ,GOYA QUOTATION AS EVID5CE ( !IR MIS9T]PRETATION--!Y MI<T HAVE ADMITT$ TO IT & LET ! MATT] DROP ) A DEC5T SELF-CORRECTION4 

,BUT NO6  ,FIF? ,E/ATE & ,WATSON CAN DO NO WRONG6  ,9/EAD1 RAIS+ HIS HACKLES1 ,WATSON DULY 9=MS US ?AT !Y KNEW IT ALL ALONG--BUT ! MI/RANSLATION WAS DELIB]ATE6  0,! ,FIF? ,E/ATE COOP]ATIVE1 AW>E ( ! ORIG9AL MEAN+10 HE DECL>ES1 *OSE TO 0BR+ ?IS NOTION 9TO A CONTEMPOR>Y CONTEXT1 ) ! DREAM ( REASON NO LONG] ! VICTIM ( MON/]S BUT A FULL-FL$G$ CONFECTION] ( !M0 7,B,B1 P4 #a#i#h1 EMPHASIS ADD$74  ,?AT IS TO SAY1 ! COLLECTIVE MADE A CONSCI\S DECISION TO *ANGE ,GOYA'S MEAN+ 9TO ! V]Y OPPOSITE ( :AT HE 9T5D$4 ,PUT 9 /RAI<T=W>D LANGUAGE3 !Y *OSE TO DI/ORT & LIE4   

,9 MO/ >5AS ( RESPONSIBLE DISC\RSE1 SU* BEHAVIOR W\LD BE CALL$ IMMORAL-- UT PRESUMABLY NOT 9 ! (FICES ( ,FIF? ,E/ATE4  ,9/EAD1 ,WATSON LECTURES ME ON ! VIRTUES ( DI/ORTION3  0,AN AU!NTICALLY .<6.> DIALECTICAL .<6.> P]SPECTIVE W\LD NOT CL+ ME*ANICALLY TO MEAN+S LONG SUP]S$$ .<6.> BY ! UNFOLD+ ( ACTUALITY ITSELF0 7,B,B1 P4 #a#i#h74 ,H]E WE LE>N :AT 0DIALECTICS0 REALLY MEANS 9 ,WATSON'S UNIV]SE3  IT IS A W>RANT = LI>S TO FALSIFY TO !IR HE>TS' CONT5T1 DESPITE AN AU?OR'S PAT5T 9T5TION1 9DE$1 DESPITE ! TRU?4  ,9 CONJUNCTION ) ! ,NATIVE ,AM]ICAN EPI/EMOLOGY ?AT MI/AKES DREAM = REALITY1 ?IS MISUSE ( ! CAPRI*O SUPPORTS ! ,WATSONIAN IMP]ATIVE ?AT WE >E TO ACCEPT LIES & DI/ORTIONS AS TRU?4  ,CAU<T ) HIS [N H& 9 ! COOKIE J>1 ?IS MAN SCREAMS \T 0?IEF60 AGA9/ HIS CAPTOR4  7,ELSE:]E 9 ! BOOK .<,B,B1 P4 V.>1 HE HAS ! N]VE TO ACCUSE ME ( HAV+ 0MISUS$0 ,GOYA67  

,WATSON'S H&L+ ( ! ,GOYA MATT] ?R[S A GL>+ SPOTLI<T ON HIS MODUS OP]&I 9 MO/ ( ,B,B4  ,DISDA9+ TO 0CL+ ME*ANICALLY0 TO SU* MUNDANE MATT]S AS MY ACTUAL 9T5TIONS 9 MY ACTUAL WRIT+S1 HE PUTS HIS M5DACI\S 0DIALECTICS0 9TO PRACTICE BY CYNICALLY & MALICI\SLY SNIPP+ \T PHRASES & S5T5CES FROM !IR CONTEXT--(T5 TO REV]SE !IR MEAN+ 7AS 9 ! CASE ( ,GOYA7--&1 EMPLOY+ A CREATIVE1 9DE$ IMAG9ATIVE USE ( ELLIPSES1 HE FABRICATES A FICTIONAL ,BOOK*91 TAILOR$ TO HIS [N POLEMICAL NE$S4  ,?US1 ,I BECOME1 AS WE HAVE SE51 A 0TE*NOCRAT10 A PROMOT] ( 0REIFI$ HYP]-RATIONALITY & SCI5TISM10 & ONE :O 0NO LONG] SEEMS TO HAVE ANY?+ GOOD TO SAY AB\T E>LY SOCIETIES40  ,MY RECREAT$ TEXTS1 LIKE HIS RECREATION ( ,GOYA'S CAPRI*O1 CORRESPOND TO ! NEW 0ACTUALITY0 G5]AT$ BY ! MON/]S 9 ,WATSON'S FEV]$ IMAG9ATION4  ,?IS PROC$URE CAN BE TAK5 AS YET ANO!R LESSON 9 %AMANISM A LA ,WATSON3  ,WATSON'S 9T]PRETATIONS ( REALITY >E TO BE ACCEPT$ AS MORE REAL ?AN ! PH5OM5A WE WITNESS & EXP]I5CE1 9CLUD+ PH5OM5A ?AT CONTRADICT HIM4  ,:AT ,WATSON DO? SAY1 SO BE IT6   

 ,ACCORD+LY1 ,B,B BECOMES A WORK ( FICTION--AN 0>TI/IC0 CALUMNY POS+ AS POLITICAL CRITIQUE4  ,C]TA9LY1 ,I W\LD BE ! LA/ TO ACCUSE ,WATSON ( FAIL+ TO PUT !ORY 9TO PRACTICE2 9DE$1 US+ HIS ME?ODOLOGY1 ONE C\LD EASILY MAKE ,L59 9TO A FI]Y AN>*I/1 ,/AL9 9TO A BL& PACIFI/1 ,BAKUN9 9TO A CRYPTO-CAPITALI/_*& P]HAPS EV5 ,FIF? ,E/ATE 9TO AN ORGAN = TE*NOCRACY4   

,?US1 9 ?IS WORK ( FICTION1 ,WATSON 0>TI/ICALLY0 & 0DIALECTICALLY0 WRITES ?AT 9 MY VIEW 0,NATURE 4 4 4 IS NORMALLY '/+Y'0 7,B,B1 P4 #i#a71 EV5 ?\< ?IS VIEW ( 0,NATURE'S /+9ESS0 IS ONE ?AT ,I HAVE EMPHATICALLY & REPEAT$LY *ALL5G$ 9 MANY ( MY WORKS4  ,9DE$1 ,WATSON IS ABLE TO CREATE ! ILLUSION ?AT ,I REG>D FIR/ NATURE AS 0/+Y0 ONLY BECAUSE HE REPLACES ) ELLIPSES ! WORDS :]E ,I ACTUALLY IMPUT$ ?IS VIEW TO 0SOCIAL !ORI/S ( ! PA/ C5TURY0 7,E,F1 P4 #f#d74    

,NOR %\LD ! READ] BE SURPRIS$ TO LE>N FROM ,WATSON ?AT ,I REG>D HUMANITY AS 0A CURSE ON NATURAL EVOLUTION0 & A 0P>ASITE40  ,HE IS1 ONCE AGA91 APP>5TLY C\NT+ ON ! PROBABILITY ?AT HIS READ]S WILL NOT REF] BACK TO MY ORIG9AL TEXT4 

,BOOK*9 EV5 OCCASIONALLY S\NDS LIKE ! DEEP ECOLOGY MISAN?ROPES HE ATTACKS1 = EXAMPLE SUGGE/+ ?AT HUMANITY IS 0/ILL A CURSE ON NATURAL EVOLUTION1 NOT ITS FULFILLM5T4  ,UNTIL WE BECOME :AT WE %\LD BE 9 BE 9 ! CON/ELLATION ( LIFE1 WE W\LD DO WELL TO LIVE ) A FE> ( :AT WE CAN BE40 7,E,F3 #b#c#h7  ,HUMANITY IS A 0HI<LY DE/RUCTIVE P>ASITE :O ?REAT5S TO DE/ROY HIS HO/--! NATURAL WORLD_*& EV5TUALLY HIMSELF10 HE COMM5TS .<,P,S,A3 #f#a.>4  ,TRU] DEEP ECOLOGICAL WORDS W]E NEV] SPOK54 7,B,B1 P4 #a#h7 

,! DI/ORTION H]E IS SC&AL\S4  ,! S5T5CE ?AT BEG9S 0,UNTIL WE BECOME 4 4 40 ACTUALLY EXPLA9S ?AT ?IS 0CURSE ON NATURAL EVOLUTION0 IS NOT A MATT] ( SOME 9H]5T 0HUMAN NATURE0 BUT IS SOCIALLY CONDITION$ F> DIFF]5T FROM ! POT5TIALITY ?AT A LIB]T>IAN SOCIALI/ SOCIETY W\LD ACTUALIZE4  ,OBVI\SLY1 ! AIM ( ! BOOK FROM :I* HE QUOTES SUBTITL$ ,! ,EM]G5CE & ,DISSOLUTION ( ,HI]>*Y--IS TO %[ ?AT HUMANITY IS TRAPP$ 9 HI]>*ICAL SOCIETY1 NOT 9H]5TLY DOOM$ TO BE A 0CURSE ON NATURAL EVOLUTION40    

 ,TO CONJO9 ?IS QUOTATION ) ! SECOND ONE--AB\T ! 0P>ASITE0--IS AN \TRI<T MANIPULATION ( ! TRU/+ READ]4  ,! 0P>ASITE0 QUOTATION IS TAK5 FROM MY #aifd ESSAY 0,ECOLOGY & ,REVOLUTION>Y ,?\<T10 9 :I*1 AFT] A LONG ACC\NT ( ! POLLUTION ( ! PLANET1 ! PASSAGE ,WATSON QUOTES APPE>S3 

,OBVI\SLY1 MAN C\LD BE DESCRIB$ AS A HI<LY DE/RUCTIVE P>ASITE :O ?REAT5S TO DE/ROY HIS HO/--! NATURAL WORLD--& EV5TUALLY HIMSELF4 ,9 ECOLOGY1 H[EV]1 ! WORD 0P>ASITE0 IS NOT AN ANSW] TO A QUE/ION1 BUT RAISES A QUE/ION ITSELF4 4 4 4 ,:AT IS ! DISRUPTION ?AT HAS TURN$ MAN 9TO A DE/RUCTIVE P>ASITE8  ,:AT PRODUCES A =M ( P>ASITISM ?AT RESULTS NOT ONLY 9 VA/ NATURAL IMBALANCES BUT ALSO ?REAT5S ! EXI/5CE ( HUMANITY ITSELF8 4 4 4 ,! IMBALANCES MAN HAS PRODUC$ 9 ! NATURAL WORLD >E CAUS$ BY ! IMBALANCES HE HAS PRODUC$ 9 ! SOCIAL WORLD4 7,P,S,A1 PP4 #f#a-#f#b2 ITALICS ADD$ TO 9DICATE DELET$ WORDS7  

,C]TA9LY1 NEI!R P>ASITE NOR CURSE IS A WORD ,I W\LD USE TODAY1 AS ,I DID 9 #aifd & #a#i#h#b4  ,BUT 9 BO? CASES ! CONTEXT %[S ?AT ,I US$ !SE WORDS AS METAPHORS = A PH5OM5ON ?AT IS SOCIALLY CONDITION$4 ,KN[+ FULL WELL ?AT ,I DID NOT MEAN :AT HE IS SAY+ ,I MEANT1 ,WATSON CYNICALLY PULL$ !SE PHRASES COMPLETELY \T ( !IR CONTEXT4.<#d#a.>  

 ,! NUMB] ( EGREGI\S FALSIFICATIONS ?AT ,WATSON MAKES OV] HUNDR$S ( PAGES 9 ,B,B IS PROHIBITIVELY L>GE TO PO9T \T1 LET ALONE REPLY TO 9DIVIDUALLY4  ,:AT !SE EXAMPLES DEMON/RATE IS ?AT ,WATSON PLACES NO LIMITS ON ! DEGREE ( CALUMNY HE IS REP>$ TO USE4  ,MO/ IMPORTANT1 H[EV]1 BY US+ !SE TRICKS1 HE DEMON/RATES HIS UTT] CONTEMPT = HIS READ]S3  HE LIES TO !M1 PLAYS HIS %AMANI/IC TRICKS ON !M1 & VIOLATES !IR TRU/ 9 HIM1 :I* WILL ULTIMATELY VITIATE !IR [N DESIRE = KN[L$GE1 UND]/&+--& EXPLANATIONS4 

 ,IF ,WATSON DI/ORTS MY WRIT+1 HE DI/ORTS MY POLITICAL BEHAVIOR EV5 MORE GROSSLY4  ,9DE$1 ALMO/ EV]Y P>AGRAPH ( ,B,B IS EI!R AN 9SULT OR A LIE4  ,TO ACCEPT ,WATSON1 ONE MU/ BELIEVE ?AT ,I DO NOT HOLD A PO9T ( VIEW3  ,I 9V>IABLY HOLD A 0DOGMA0 7,B,B1 P4 #i74  ,I DO NOT ASS]T ! VALIDITY ( MY IDEAS3  ,I SUFF] FROM 0MEGALOMANIA0 7,B,B1 P4 #a#i7 OR EGOMANIA 7,B,B1 P4 #a#e74  ,I AM DESIGNAT$ V>I\SLY AS 0,G5]AL ,SECRET>Y0 7,/AL987 & 0,*AIRMAN0 7,MAO87 7,B,B1 PP4 #a#f1 #d74  ,IF ,I USE ! WORD MU/1 ,I OBVI\SLY AM AN AU?ORIT>IAN1 AL?\< ,WATSON EMPLOYS ?IS WORD FREELY :5 HE C>ES TO4.<#d#b.>  ,IF ,JANET ,BIEHL DEF5DS MY VIEWS1 %E IS MY 0HAGIOGRAPH]0 7,B,B1 P4 #c#g71 :ILE SOMEONE :O OBJECTS TO ,WATSON'S HAT*ET JOB1 ,DANIEL ,COLEMAN 7:O ,I DO NOT EV5 KN[71 MU/ BE MY 0SYCOPHANT40.<#d#c.>  

 ,MY WORK1 IT SEEMS1 MU/ BE DEPRECAT$ 9 ITS 5TIRETY1 9CLUD+ MY WIDELY ACKN[L$G$ PIONE]+ EF=TS 9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( A SOCIAL ECOLOGY2 SO MU/ MY CONTRIBUTIONS TO AN>*I/ !ORY1 9CLUD+ WRIT+S ?AT1 ,WATSON ADMITS1 09TRODUC$0 HIM 0TO AN>*I/ IDEAS & A RADICAL CRITIQUE ( L59ISM0 7,B,B1 P4 #a71 AS WELL AS WRIT+S ?AT HE ONCE PRAIS$ AS 0POETIC0 79 A TELEPHONE CONV]SATION74  ,ALL MU/ N[ BE DEPRECAT$1 & MY ROLE 9 ! RISE ( POLITICAL ECOLOGY MU/ BE M9IMIZ$ 79 ! BIZ>RE ACC\NT 9 ,B,B1 PP4 #a#e-#a#f74  ,SOCIAL ECOLOGY1 A LABEL ?AT HAD FALL5 9TO DISUSE BY ! E>LY #a#i#fS & ?AT ,I SP5T MANY YE>S GIV+ SUB/ANTIVE MEAN+1 FI<T+ = IT SO ?AT IT GA9$ ! 9T]NATIONAL REPUTATION ?AT IT N[ HAS1 IS N[ SOMEH[ A CONCEPT ?AT ,I USURP$4  ,ACTUALLY1 9 ! LATE #a#i#fS ,I VISIT$ ,DETROIT & IMPORTUN$ MEMB]S ( ! ,FIF? ,E/ATE CR[D TO CONC]N !MSELVES ) ECOLOGICAL ISSUES--BUT TO NO AVAIL4 ,9 ?OSE DAYS ! ,SITUATIONI/S :O GREATLY 9FLU5C$ ,FIF? ,E/ATE'S ]/:ILE SAGE1 ,FR$Y ,P]LMAN1 W]E MOCK+ ME AS 0,SMOKEY ! ,BE>0 = MY ADVOCACY ( ECOLOGICAL POLITICS4  ,WATSON N[ TELLS ME ?AT MY CONTRIBUTIONS TO ECOLOGICAL POLITICS >E NEGLIGIBLE AT BE/ & W>P$ AT WOR/--?IS FROM A MAN :OSE RECOGNITION ( ! IMPORTANCE ( ECOLOGICAL POLITICS APP>5TLY DID NOT COME UNTIL ! MID- TO LATE #a#i#gS4.<#d#d.> 

 ,ABOVE ALL ,I HAVE TRI$ TO CREATE AN ECOLOGICAL POLITICS ?AT IS ACTIVI/ 9 ITS POLITICAL & SOCIAL \TLOOK1 ONE ?AT C\LD UND]P9 A REVOLUTION>Y1 LIB]T>IAN1 ANTICAPITALI/ MOVEM5T ?AT C\LD TAKE UP ! /RUGGLE TO =M A RATIONAL ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY 9 :I* PEOPLE MAY FULFILL !IR POT5TIAL = FRE$OM & SELF-CONSCI\SNESS4  ,AS REC5TLY AS #aii ,WATSON EV5 APPE>$ TO %>E ?IS MILITANCY TO A CONSID]ABLE EXT5T :5 HE WROTE1 0,WE MU/ BEG9 TO TALK OP5LY & DEFIANTLY ( 4 4 4 MASS /RIKE & REVOLUTION>Y UPRIS+0 7,S,I,H1 P4 #a#a74   

 ,BUT 9 ,B,B1 :I* APPE>$ 9 #a#i#i#f1 ,WATSON /RIKES A RADICALLY DIFF]5T TONE4  ,AL?\< HE WI%ES US TO TAKE UP ! PRODIGI\S TASK ( ALL BUT ELIM9AT+ TE*NOLOGY & 0CIVILIZATION 9 BULK10 HE LEAVES ! QUE/ION ( PRECISELY H[ WE >E TO DO SO 5%R\D$ 9 D>K MY/]Y4  ,HIS BOOK CONTA9S NO APPEALS TO HIS READ]S TO CREATE ! MOVEM5T ORGANIZATIONS NECESS>Y TO BUILD A NEW SOCIETY1 LET ALONE H9T AT ! SOCIAL 9/ITUTIONS ?AT W\LD CON/ITUTE IT4  ,RA!R1 HE TELLS !M ?AT :AT IS NE$$ IS M$IEVAL TE*NOLOGY1 0EPI/EMOLOGICAL LUDDISM10 IRRATIONALISM1 & A SUBJECTIVITY ?AT OMITS DI/9CTIONS BETWE5 DREAM & REALITY4  ,!Y %\LD CELEBRATE ! FANTASIES ( %AMANS1 QUASI-RELIGI\S POETS1 & MY/ICS1 NO MATT] H[ F> !Y LEAD US FROM REALITY4 

,P]VAD+ IT ALL1 HE PRESCRIBES ?AT !Y %\LD 0HUMBLE !MSELVES BE=E ! 5TIRE CREATION1 BE=E ! SMALLE/ ANT1 REALIZ+ !IR [N NO?+NESS0 7,B,B1 P4 #e#f7--A PRESCRIPTION ?AT E*OES ! SELF-OBLIT]AT+ APA?Y 9CULCAT$ BY RELIGIONS & POLITICAL DESPOTISMS EV]Y:]E4  ,! BOOK'S FRONTISPIECE1 QUOT+ ,DOG51 QU9TESS5TIALLY EXPRESSES ?IS PASSIVITY TO ! PO9T ( SELF-EFFACEM5T4  0,TO C>RY Y\RSELF =W>D & EXP]I5CE MYRIAD ?+S IS DELUSION10 DECL>ES ! ?IRTE5?-C5TURY ,Z5 MA/] PI\SLY4  0,BUT MYRIAD ?+S COM+ =? & EXP]I5C+ !MSELVES IS AWAK5+40  ,BLESS$ >E ! MEEK1 = !Y %ALL 9H]IT ! E>?6  ,?IS RECIPE = QUIETISM HAS WELL S]V$ ! RUL+ CLASSES ( ! WORLD3  TOGE!R ) ,WATSON'S 9JUNCTIONS ?AT WE %\LD 0LI/50 TO ?+S ?AT >E NOT ACTUALLY SPEAK+ & ?AT >E 9DE$ 9CAPABLE ( SPEAK+1 ! CONT5T ( ,DOG5'S QUOTE VITIATES ! REBELLI\SNESS NECESS>Y = A MOVEM5T TO RADICALLY *ANGE SOCIETY & AM\NTS & REPLACES IT ) COMPLETE RESIGNATION4.<#d#e.>  

,IF ,WATSON'S ANTI-,5LI<T5M5T \TLOOK W]E EV] TO PREVAIL AMONG A SIZABLE NUMB] ( AN>*I/S1 !N AN>*ISM W\LD BECOME A SELF-C5T]$1 FATU\S1 & REGRESSIVE BODY ( NONIDEAS ?AT DES]VES CONTEMPT1 IF NOT D]ISION1 = ITS LACK ( SUB/ANCE & SOCIAL VALUE4  ,IF ?IS NOBLE IDEAL W]E EV] TO BE SO DEGRAD$1 !N AN>*ISM W\LD 9DE$ HAVE TO BE RESCU$ FROM ! AN>*I/S1 :O W\LD BE AMONG ITS MO/ 9SUFF]ABLE OPPON5TS4   

 ,DAVID ,WATSON1 ,ONE ,YE> ,LAT] 

 ,AMUS+LY1 SC>CELY A YE> AFT] ,B,B WAS PUBLI%$1 ,WATSON ]UPT$ ) AN >TICLE 9 ,FIF? ,E/ATE1 SUBTITL$ 0,F>EWELL TO ,ALL ,?AT10 9 :I* HE SIGNIFICANTLY BACKTRACK$ ON MANY ( ! *]I%$ POSITIONS ?AT HE SO ADAMANTLY ADVANC$ 9 HIS BOOK4.<#d#f.> 

 ,ON PROGRESS3  ,WATSON1 :O FLATLY REFUS$ TO CONSID] ANY ALT]NATIVE NOTION ( PROGRESS :5 ,I ADVANC$ ONE1 N[ WRITES3  0,\R ALT]NATIVE .<6.> NOTION ( 'PROGRESS' MI<T BE ?AT WE'VE 9EVITABLY LE>N$ SOME ?+S ALONG HI/ORY'S WAY1 ?+S WE DIDN'T NECESS>ILY NE$ TO KN[ BE=E1 BUT :I* >E PROBABLY 9DISP5SABLE TO US N[0 7,S,F1 P4 #a#i74  ,REALLY6  ,BUT HASN'T ! V]Y IDEA ( PROGRESS S]V$ AS A 0CORE MY/IFICATION CONCEAL+ :AT IS WOR/0 9 CIVILIZATION 7,B,B1 P4 #i78  ,& :AT C\LD WE LE>N FROM ! HI/ORY ( A 0CIVILIZATION0 ?AT IS NO?+ BUT A =C$ LABOR CAMP8  

 ,ON CIVILIZATION3  ,! AU?OR ( 0,CIVILIZATION 9 ,BULK0 :O ONCE SCOLD$ PEOPLE = BE+ SO WI%Y-WA%Y AS TO PUT QUOTATION M>KS >\ND ! WORD 0CIVILIZATION10 N[ WRITES3  0,I BELIEVE ! CLAIM TO OPPOSE '! TOTALITY' ( CIVILIZATION IS EMPTY !ORETICAL BRAVADO0 7,S,F1 P4 #a#h74  ,&3 0,V]NACUL>1 COMMUNAL & LIB]ATORY VISIONS & PRACTICES P]SI/1 SCATT]$ ?R\<\T .<6.> CIVILIZATION4 4 4 4 ,SU* VISIONS & PRACTICES >E ALSO1 QUITE PROBLEMATICALLY1 WOV5 9TO ! S9EWS ( CIVILIZATION ITSELF4  ,TO 'OPPOSE' CIVILIZATION AS A TOTALITY0--WRITES ,WATSON1 = :OM ! V]Y WORD WAS REC5TLY ABHORR5T--04 4 4 C\LD ONLY IMPLY SOMEH[ 'OPPOS+' NOT ONLY ! REPRESSIVE & DEHUMANIZ+ ASPECT ( CIVILIZATION BUT ALSO ! VALUABLE & PA9FUL HI/ORICAL EXP]I5CE ?AT HAS NURTUR$ NEW 9SI<T0 7,S,F1 P4#a#h74  ,REALLY6 ,P]HAPS ,WATSON1 :O ONCE CALL$ CIVILIZATION 0A MALADAPTION ( ! SPECIES1 A FALSE TURN OR A K9D ( FEV] ?REAT5+ ! PLANET>Y WEB ( LIFE0 7,C,I,B1 P4 #a71 HAS COME TO ACCEPT MY IDEA ?AT CIVILIZATION HAS A LEGACY ( FRE$OM AFT] ALL4  ,P]HAPS HE WILL EV5 ADMIT IT 9 ! NEXT ISSUE ( ,FIF? ,E/ATE4 

 ,ON A RELAT$ MATT]1 ,I %\LD NOTE ?AT 9 ,B,B ,WATSON D5\NC$ ME = MY SUGGE/IONS ?AT ! NATION-/ATE MAY HAVE BE5 A HI/ORICALLY NECESS>Y DEVELOPM5T 7A VIEW HELD BY NO LESS A P]SONAGE ?AN ,BAKUN967 & ?AT ! CONCEPT ( 0SOCIALLY NECESS>Y EVIL0 MAY HAVE M]IT4  ,MY PO9T1 ,I %\LD EXPLA91 WAS ?AT 0! GR\NDWORK = MAK+ A CIVILIZATORY PROCESS POSSIBLE 4 4 4 MAY HAVE REQUIR$ :AT WE W\LD REG>D TODAY AS UNACCEPTABLE 9/ITUTIONS ( SOCIAL CONTROL BUT ?AT AT AN E>LI] TIME MAY HAVE BE5 IMPORTANT 9 LAUN*+ A RATIONAL SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T0 .<,P,S,E3 XVI-XVII.>0 7,B,B1 P4 #i74 ,COM+ FROM ME1 ,WATSON F\ND ?IS IDEA 9TOL]ABLE1 FUM+ ?AT IT 0CAPITULATES TO B\RGEOIS & M>XI/ NOTIONS ( PROGRESS4 4 4 4 ,BOOK*9 NEV] ESCAPES HIS ,M>XISM0 7,B,B1 P4 #i#a74   

 ,I /ILL HOLD TO ! BELIEF1 AS ,I WROTE 9 ,! ,ECOLOGY ( ,FRE$OM1 ?AT 0TO BE EXPELL$ FROM ! ,G>D5 ( ,$5 CAN BE REG>D$1 AS ,HEGEL WAS TO SAY1 AS AN IMPORTANTCONDITION = ITS RETURN--BUT ON A LEVEL ?AT IS 9=M$ ) A SOPHI/ICATION ?AT CAN RESOLVE ! P>ADOXES ( P>ADISE0 7,E,F1 P4 #a#d#a2 ANO!R QUOTATION ?AT ,WATSON TRUNCATES1 ,B,B1 P4 #i#a1 9 ORD] TO MAKE IT S\ND MORE BRUTAL74  ,& ,I C]TA9LY ?9K ?AT MANY EVILS W]E SOCIALLY UNAVOIDABLE--A VIEW ?AT ,WATSON1 ( C\RSE1 FLATLY REJECT$1 TOGE!R ) 0CIVILIZATION 9 BULK40 

 ?US IT WAS ) SOME HIL>ITY ?AT ,I READ1 9 0,F>EWELL TO ,ALL ,?AT10 ?AT ,WATSON N[ ACTUALLY ACCEPTS A CRUDE V]SION EV5 ( ?IS VIEW3  0,H[EV] ATROCI\S ! PROCESS10 HE WRITES1 0CONQUE/ & DOM9ATION HAVE ALWAYS .<6.> BE5 SYNCRETIC1 DIALECTICALLY UNFOLD+ 9TO RESI/ANCE0 7,S,F1 P4 #a#h7--NEBBI*6  ,9DE$1 HE GOES MU* FUR!R ?AN ,I DO3 ,I W\LD H>DLY HAVE US$ ! WORD ALWAYS 9 ?IS CONNECTION4  ,! 9EVITABILITY IT IMPLIES W\LD HAVE BE5 ANA!MA = ! E>LI] ,WATSON4  ,I LOOK =W>D TO READ+ 9 FUTURE ISSUES ( ,FIF? ,E/ATE AB\T ! 9EVITABLE 70ALWAYS07 TRANS=MATION ( ! 0MEGAMA*9E0 9TO RESI/ANCE & CIVILIZATION 9TO PROGRESS4  

,ON PRIMITIVISM3  ,! ,WATSON :O1 9 ,B,B1 FURI\SLY D5\NC$ ME = OBJECT+ TO PRIMITIVISM 9 POLITICS1 N[ ACKN[L$GES ?AT SOME PEOPLE AT ,FIF? ,E/ATE--OBVI\SLY 9CLUD+ HIMSELF--0HAVE GR[+ D\BTS AB\T PRET5SES TO AN AN>*O-PRIMITIVE P]SPECTIVE OR MOVEM5T0 7,S,F1 P4 #a#h74 ,HE EV5 TRIES TO )DRAW PRIMITIVISM FROM ! POLITICAL REALM ALTOGE!R3 0TO SPEAK ( PRIMITIVISM DOES NOT REQUIRE A POLITICAL PRIMITIV-ISM0 7,S,F1 P4 #a#h74  ,?IS MAN :O AS BE5 TRY+ TO CREATE A 0POLITICAL PRIMITIVISM0 = OV] A DECADE N[--& EXCORIAT+ CRITICS LIKE ME R5\NCES ! :OLE 5DEAVOR8 

,\R TWI/+ & WRI?+ 0NEOPRIMITIVI/0 :O1 9 ,B,B1 WANT$ A 0FUTURE SOCIAL ECOLOGY0 TO RECOGNIZE ?AT 0FIRM GR\ND1 IF ANY1 MU/ .<6.> BE F\ND0 9 A REORI5TATION ( LIFE 0>\ND P]5NIAL1 CLASSIC & ABORIG9AL MANIFE/ATIONS ( WISDOM0 7,B,B1 P4 #a#e#d71 N[ ADVISES US ?AT PRIMITIVISM IS 0MORE & MORE A FOOL'S P>ADISE1 ! DOGMA ( A GANG1 4 4 4 H[EV] IRRELEVANT & H[EV] S9C]E_*POT5TIALLY EV5 A RACKET10 & HE WANTS 0LESS & LESS TO DO ) IT0 7,S,F1 P4 #a#i76  ,HAV+ DONE MORE ?AN JU/ AB\T ANYONE TO PROMOTE PRIMITIVISM = MORE ?AN A DECADE1 HE N[ DECL>ES3 0,SELF-PROCLAIM$ PRIMITIVI/S >E 4 4 4 DELUD$ 9 ?9K+ !Y HAVE A SIMPLE ANSW] TO ! RIDDLE ( PREHI/ORY & HI/ORY0 7,S,F1 P4 #b74   

,?IS IS TRULY UPRO>I\S6  ,! 9K ON ! PAGES ( ,B,B HAS SC>CELY HAD TIME TO DRY BE=E ,WATSON MAKES A COMPLETE REV]SAL6  ,ONLY ONE ?+ C\LD POSSIBLY SURPASS ?IS AB\T-FACE = %E] N]VE--& SURE 5\<1 HE DOES ACTUALLY GO ON TO BLA!R3 0MY OP9IONS HAVE NOT REALLY *ANG$0 7,S,F1 P4 #b#c74  ,AH6  ,! CLOS] HE COMES TO MY VIEWS1 IT W\LD SEEM1 ! MORE HE MU/ D5Y IT--ANY?+ TO AVOID CONFESS+ ?AT HE WAS UTT]LY WRONG AS WELL AS VICI\S 9 ,B,B4   

 ,I HAVE NO D\BT ?AT ,WATSON WILL REPLY TO ! PRES5T ESSAY 9 ,FIF? ,E/ATE4  ,GIV5 HIS TRACK RECORD ( MALICI\S LIES1 MASSIVE DI/ORTIONS1 & AD HOM9EM DEPRECATIONS1 COMP\ND$ ) !SE REC5T EXTREME %IFTS 9 HIS [N BASIC POSITIONS1 ,I SEE NO REASON :Y ,I %\LD WA/E ANY MORE TIME ON ?IS MAN4 ,F9IS--,WATSON6 ,I AWAIT FUR!R 0F>EWELLS0 ) M9IMAL ANTICIPATION4    

,! ,WORLD ,ACCORD+ TO ,CL>K_/,CAF>D 

,! BACK COV] ( ,B,B IS PROM95TLY ADORN$ ) A EUPHORIC BLURB BY ONE ,JOHN ,CL>K1 A PHILOSOPHY PR(ESSOR AT ,LOYOLA ,UNIV]SITY4  0,BEYOND ,BOOK*910 HE GU%ES1 0IS A BRILLIANT1 C>EFULLY >GU$ CRITIQUE4 4 4 4 ,WATSON'S ?\<TS ON TE*NOLOGY1 CULTURE1 & SPIRITUALITY MAKE A MAJOR CONTRIBUTION TO SOCIAL !ORY40  ,CL>K'S E/EEM = ,WATSON'S ME&]+S IS APP>5TLY MORE ?AN RECIPROCAT$1 AS ,WATSON HAS OP5$ ! PAGES ( ,FIF? ,E/ATE TO ,CL>K1 :O *OOSES TO HIDE BEH9D HIS PSEUDONYM1 ,MAX ,CAF>D1 :5 HE WRITES !RE4  ,! SUMM] #aiig ISSUE ?US CONTA9S1 UND] ! ,MAX ,CAF>D BYL9E1 :AT PURPORTS TO BE A REVIEW ( MY BOOK ,RE-,5*ANT+ ,HUMANITY 7,R,H71 TITL$ 0,BOOK*9 ,AGONI/ES10 BUT IS ACTUALLY A SAVAGE ATTACK ON ME & MY WORK4   

 ,SO SAVAGE IS ! ATTACK1 9 FACT1 ?AT IT IS DIFFICULT TO BELIEVE ?AT FROM ! MID-#a#i#gS UNTIL E>LY #a#i#i#c1 ! AU?OR WAS A CLOSE ASSOCIATE ( M9E4  ,AS REC5TLY AS #a#i#h#d1 ,CL>K WROTE ! FOLL[+ PASSAGE 9 HIS ESSAY COLLECTION ,! ,AN>*I/ ,MOM5T3  

 ,I WANT TO EXPRESS MY DEEP GRATITUDE TO ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 = HIS 9VALUABLE CONTRIBUTION TO ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! IDEAS PRES5T$ 9 !SE ESSAYS4  ,HIS SYN!SIS ( CRITICAL & DIALECTICAL !ORY1 TELEOLOGICAL .<6.> PHILOSOPHY1 SOCIAL ECOLOGY1 & LIB]T>IAN & UTOPIAN ?\<T HAS C>RI$ ON ! GREAT TRADITION ( PHILOSOPHY 9 ?IS ANTI- HILOSOPHICAL AGE4  ,IT HAS BE5 A GREAT PRIVILEGE TO KN[ HIM & HIS WORK4.<#d#g.> 

 ,9 #a#i#h#d1 IT WAS WIDELY ASSUM$ AMONG MY READ]S1 OPPON5TS1 & LIB]T>IAN RADICALS G5]ALLY ?AT ,JOHN ,CL>K WAS MY SPOKESMAN1 A /ATUS HE HAD APP>5TLY ADOPT$ ) ALACRITY4  ,?US1 IT SEEM$ P]FECTLY NATURAL 9 #a#i#h#f1 ON MY SIXTY-FIF? BIR?DAY1 ?AT HE W\LD PRES5T ME ) A ,FE/S*RIFT ?AT HE $IT$ 9 MY HONOR4.<#d#h.>  ,AS REC5TLY AS #aiib HE WAS SELECT$ TO WRITE ! 5TRY ON MY POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS = ,! ,5CYCLOP$IA ( ! ,AM]ICAN ,LEFT1 9 :I* HE DESCRIB$ ME AS 0! =EMO/ CONTEMPOR>Y AN>*I/ !ORI/40.<#d#i.>   

 ,N[1 ONLY A FEW YE>S LAT]1 ,CL>K EXPLODES ) 0,BOOK*9 ,AGONI/ES10 9 :I* HE PILLORIES ME AS1 AMONG O!R ?+S1 0A !ORETICAL BUM10 0AN 5RAG$ AUTODIDACT0 7AS IF AN>*I/S TYPICALLY DISDA9$ AUTODIDACTS671 A PRACTITION] ( 0BRA9-DEAD DOGMATISM0 & 09EPTITUDE 9 PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS10 AN 0AMATEUR PHILOSOPH]0 7,SOCRATES1 :O DETE/$ ! ,SOPHI/S = PR(ESSIONALIZ+ PHILOSOPHY1 W\LD HAVE EXPRESS$ SOME %>P WORDS AB\T ?IS ONE671 0AN 5]GETIC UND]GRADUATE10 & AN ALL->\ND LI>4  ,AFT] READ+ ?IS TORR5T ( ABUSE1 ONE CAN ONLY WOND]3  ,H[ C\LD ,CL>K HAVE SO COMPLETELY MISJUDG$ ME = ALMO/ TWO DECADES8.<#e.>  

 ,NOT ONLY DOES ,CL>K :OLLY REPUDIATE ME1 BUT HE EV5 M9IMIZES ! PORTION ( HIS [N BIOGRAPHY ?AT HE SP5T 9 ASSOCIATION ) ME1 WRIT+ ?AT IT WAS ONLY HIS 0MISGUID$ Y\?0 ?AT HE SP5T 0ON ! FR+ES ( ! ,BOOK*9 CULT0 7,B,A1 P4 #b#c74  ,N[1 ,I AM M9DFUL ?AT = MANY BABY BOOM]S ! PURSUIT ( ET]NAL Y\? EXCE$S 9 9T5SITY EV5 ,PONCE DE ,LEON'S PURSUIT ( ! ,F\NTA9 ( ,Y\? 9 ! WILDS ( ,FLORIDA SEV]AL C5TURIES AGO4  ,BUT SU* FANCIES HAVE !IR LIMITS4  ,AFT] ALL1 IS ONE REALLY ONLY A M]E 0MISGUID$ Y\?0 AT ! AGE ( #c1 AS ,CL>K MORE OR LESS WAS :5 HE FIR/ S\<T ME \T8 ,WAS HE REALLY ONLY A Y\? AT #d#a1 :5 HE PREP>$ ! EMB>RASS+ ,FE/S*RIFT8  ,WAS HE NOT AN ADULT1 AT ! AGE ( #d#h1 :5 HE WROTE ! LAUDATORY 5TRY = ,! ,5CYCLOP$IA ( ! ,AM]ICAN ,LEFT8  

 ,= REASONS ?AT ,I %ALL EXPLA9 %ORTLY1 ,I AM GLAD ?AT ,CL>K & ,I >E F9ALLY PUBLICLY DISASSOCIAT$ FROM EA* O!R2 \R IDEAS1 9DE$1 \R WAYS ( ?9K+1 >E BASICALLY 9COMPATIBLE4  ,I W\LD HAVE HOP$ ?AT \R DISASSOCIATION C\LD HAVE OCCURR$ )\T ! P]SONAL HO/ILITY1 9DE$ VILIFICATION ?AT ,CL>K_/,CAF>D EXHIBITS 9 0,BOOK*9 ,AGONI/ES40  ,BUT S9CE HE HAS DECID$ TO 9FUSE HIS CRITICISM ( ME ) P]SONAL 9SULTS1 ,I SEE NO REASON :Y HE %\LD 5JOY IMMUNITY TO A DISCUSSION ( HIS [N WORK FROM MY PO9T ( VIEW4  ,?R\<\T ! MANY YE>S ( \R ASSOCIATION1 AFT] ALL1 ,I RE/RA9$ MYSELF FROM PUBLICLY CRITICIZ+ HIM 9 ! >EAS 9 :I* WE S]I\SLY DIFF]$1 & IT COMES AS A GREAT RELIEF TO ME ?AT ,I AM NO LONG] OBLIG$ TO PLACE ?AT LIMITATION ON MYSELF4 

 ,L,9,E ,S,P,A,C,E 

 ,AL?\< ,CL>K & ,I HAD A P]SONAL FRI5D%IP ?AT LA/$ ALMO/ TWO DECADES1 HE TOLD ME REM>KABLY LITTLE AB\T HIS [N ACTIVITIES 9 SOCIAL & POLITICAL MOVEM5TS BE=E ,I MET HIM4  ,JUDG+ FROM ! LITTLE HE DID LEAK AB\T HIS PA/1 H[EV]1 ,I GA!R ?AT HE WAS NEV] A SOCIALI/4  ,HE ONCE TOLD ME ?AT DUR+ ! #a#i#fS HE HAD BE5 A DISCIPLE ( ,B>RY ,GOLDWAT]--?AT IS1 ! REACTION>Y S5ATOR FROM ,>IZONA :O1 RUNN+ = ! ,U4,S4 PRESID5CY 9 #a#i#f#d1 FRI<T5$ ! WITS \T ( MO/ ,AM]ICANS BY CALL+ = AN ESCALATION ( ! W> 9 ,S\!A/ ,ASIA4  ,?AT ! 9CUMB5T1 ,LYNDON ,B4 ,JOHNSON1 LAT] DID PRECISELY :AT ,GOLDWAT] HAD WANT$ DOES NOT ALT] ! NATURE ( ! IDEOLOGICAL CLA% ( ! #aifd CAMPAIGN4  ,MO/ 9TELLECTUAL ,GOLDWAT]ITES SAT AT ! FEET ( ,AYN ,R&1 ,WILLIAM ,F4 ,BUCKLEY1 & O!R RI<T-W+ NOTABLES1 ADVOCAT+ A R$UCTION ( ! /ATE 9 FAVOR ( LAISSEZ-FAIRE CAPITALISM1 & 9DIVIDUALISM AS AN ALT]NATIVE TO COLLECTIVISM 9 SOCIAL MANAGEM5T4  ,IF ,CL>K WAS A SUPPORT] ( ,GOLDWAT]1 HE W\LD HAVE BE5 SU* A RI<T-W+ ANTI/ATI/ WELL 9TO ! #a#i#fS4 

 ,IT W\LD SEEM ?AT HE CAME TO AN>*ISM FROM ! ,RI<T RA!R ?AN FROM ! ,LEFT4 ,CAUSES SU* AS ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T1 COLLECTIVISM1 SOCIALI/ 9SURRECTION1 & CLASS /RUGGLE1 NOT TO SPEAK ( ! REVOLUTION>Y SOCIALI/ & AN>*I/ TRADITIONS1 W\LD HAVE BE5 COMPLETELY ALI5 TO HIM AS A Y\?2 !Y W]E C]TA9LY REPUGNANT TO ! RI<T-W+ IDEOLOGUES ( ! MID-#a#i#fS1 :O AFFLICT$ LEFTI/S ) CONS]VATISM1 CULTURAL CONV5TIONALITY1 & EV5 R$-BAIT+4  

,H[ DEEPLY ,CL>K P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! IDEOLOGICAL WORLD ( ! ,GOLDWAT] ,RI<T1 ,I CANNOT SAY4  ,BUT IT REQUIRES NO PSY*OLOGICAL WIZ>DRY TO SUGGE/ ?AT ! AWE ( ACADEMIC DEGREES & 0SCI5TIFIC TRA9+0 ?AT HE DISPLAYS 9 0,BOOK*9 ,AGONI/ES0-- NDE$1 HIS DISP>AGEM5T ( ! VALIDITY ( NONSPECIALI/S' CRITICISMS ( !IR WORK_*IS EVID5CE ( A CONV5TIONAL ELITISM ?AT HAS NO?+ 9 COMMON ) ! RADICAL DIM5SION ( AN>*ISM4 

 ,9 ANY CASE1 #a#i#f#d1 ! YE> ,GOLDWAT] RAN = PRESID5T1 WAS ALSO A YE> :5 ! BE/ & BRI<TE/ ,AM]ICANS ( ,CL>K'S G5]ATION W]E J\RNEY+ TO ,MISSISSIPPI 79 ! FAM\S ,MISSISSIPPI ,SUMM]71 (T5 RISK+ !IR LIVES TO REGI/] ! /ATE'S POORE/ & MO/ SUBJUGAT$ BLACKS = ! FRAN*ISE4 ,AL?\< ,MISSISSIPPI IS SEP>AT$ FROM ,L\ISIANA1 ,CL>K'S HOME /ATE1 BY ONLY A RIV]1 NO?+ ,CL>K EV] TOLD ME REMOTELY SUGGE/S ?AT HE WAS P>T ( ?IS IMPORTANT CIVIL RI<TS MOVEM5T4  ,:AT DID ,CL>K1 AT ! ROBU/ AGE ( N9ETE51 DO TO HELP !SE Y\NG PEOPLE8  ,UNLESS HE TELLS US O!RWISE1 ,I CAN ONLY GUESS ?AT HE DID V]Y LITTLE & 9/EAD WAS BUSY ACQUIR+ HIS COLLEGE DEGREE4  ,SO F> AS ,I CAN JUDGE1 HE SEEMS TO HAVE BE5 POTT$ 9 ! ACADEMY QUITE E>LY 9 LIFE & ?US EXP]I5C$ REALITY PRIM>ILY FROM ! %ELT] ( UND]GRADUATE & GRADUATE CAMPUSES4 

 ,?IS BRIEF EXCURSION 9TO ,CL>K'S BACKGR\ND IS NOT GRATUIT\S2 IT HELPS TO EXPLA9 H[ UNLIKELY \R ASSOCIATION WAS1 & ) :AT =BE>ANCE ,I ALL[$ IT TO CONT9UE = AS LONG AS IT DID4  ,= ! PRES5T1 LET ME NOTE ?AT1 F> FROM 9HABIT+ ! FR+ES ( ! 0,BOOK*9 CULT0 7:ATEV] ?AT MI<T BE7 OR AT LEA/ MY CIRCLE ( FRI5DS & COMRADES1 ,CL>K B>G$ EAG]LY 9TO MY LIFE 9 ! MID-#a#i#gS & POSITION$ HIMSELF AS CLOSE TO ! C5T] AS HE C\LD4  ,SO FAWN+ WAS HIS ADORATION ( ME ?AT ,I SOMETIMES F\ND IT FAIRLY UNSAVORY4   

 ,/ILL1 HE DID MAKE CONTRIBUTIONS TO SOCIAL ECOLOGY BY REGUL>LY ASSIGN+ ,! ,ECOLOGY ( ,FRE$OM TO HIS /UD5TS AT ,LOYOLA1 & BY WRIT+ A WELL-MEAN+ BUT 9EPT REVIEW ( ?AT BOOK = ,TELOS4  ,9 TURN1 ,I BR\<T HIM 9TO ! ,9/ITUTE = ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY AS A VISIT+ LECTUR]2 URG$ 7SOMETIMES RELUCTANT7 /UD5TS TO ATT5D HIS CLASSES2 GAVE HIM ACCESS TO MY UNPUBLI%$ MANUSCRIPTS2 & 9TRODUC$ HIM TO AN APPRECIABLE NUMB] ( PEOPLE :OM HE MI<T NEV] HAVE KN[N HAD ,I NOT SAID K9D WORDS AB\T HIM4  ,9 EFFECT1 HE GA9$ SOME DI/9CTION = HIMSELF 9 GREAT P>T ?R\< HIS ACQUA9TANCE ) ME4   

 ,AS ,I HAVE SAID1 DESPITE ! REPUGNANCE ,I FELT = SOME ( HIS IDEAS1 ,I NEV] WROTE A L9E AGA9/ ,CL>K 9 PUBLIC4  ,BUT 9 \R P]SONAL CONV]SATIONS ,I WAS QUITE VOCIF]\S 9 MY OBJECTIONS TO HIS ,TAOISM--9DE$1 MO/ ( MY >GUM5TS ) HIM1 DAT+ ALMO/ FROM ! BEG9N+ ( \R RELATION%IP1 CONC]N$ ! ,TAO ,TE ,*+4 ,I CONSI/5TLY CLAIM$ ?AT ! BOOK ITSELF IS 9H]5TLY MY/ICAL1 ANTIHUMANI/IC1 & IRRATIONAL--& !RE=E 9COMPATIBLE ) SOCIAL ECOLOGY4  ,IT WAS BECAUSE ( ?IS DISAGREEM5T ?AT1 AS MU* AS ,I WANT$ TO1 ,I WAS NEV] ABLE TO QUOTE FROM HIM 9 MY [N WRIT+S4 

 ,LIKE MANY PR(ESSORS ( PHILOSOPHY1 ,CL>K1 ,I F\ND1 T5DS TO REIFY IDEAS 9TO M5TAL CON/RUCTS1 B]EFT ( ROOTS 9 ! TIME1 PLACE1 OR SOCIETY 9 :I* !Y >E DEVELOP$4 ,ACADEMIC PHILOSOPHY1 9 ITS DETA*$ A]IES1 DIVE/S EV5 IDEAS ?AT HAVE A DIRECT BE>+ ON SOCIAL LIFE ( ! SOCIAL CONTEXT ?AT MAKES !M RELEVANT TO ! PUBLIC SPH]E4  ,9/EAD ( PRES]V+ ?AT RELEVANCE1 IT TRANS=MS !M 9TO AB/RACTIONS1 RELEGATES !M TO A TRANSC5D5TAL WORLD ( !IR [N1 NOT UNLIKE ?AT ( ! ,PLATONIC DOMA9 ( =MS4  ,IDEAS >E TRAC$ NOT 9 T]MS ( ! SOCIETY 9 :I* !Y DEVELOP BUT FROM CLASSROOM TO CLASSROOM1 SO TO SPEAK1 & FROM J\RNAL TO J\RNAL4    

 ,AS A RESULT ( ITS SOCIAL MYOPIA1 ACADEMIC PHILOSOPHY T5DS TO BE BL9D TO ! SOCIAL & POLITICAL IMPLICATIONS ( IDEAS4  ,EV5 AN AV[$ 0DIALECTICIAN0 SU* AS ,CL>K 7P]HAPS BECAUSE ( HIS SKEW$ UND]/&+ ( DIALECTICS7 APPE>S TO BE 9CAPABLE ( SEE+ ! LOGIC ( AN IDEA3 :]E IT WILL LEAD 9 SOCIAL T]MS1 H[ IT WILL UNFOLD1 ITS LIKELY CONSEQU5CES = ! REAL WORLD \TSIDE ! CAMPUS4   

 ,BY HIS [N DESCRIPTION 9 ! FOLL[+ PASSAGE1 = EXAMPLE1 ,CL>K'S 9T]PRETATION ( ,TAOI/ IS DIVORC$ FROM ITS CONTEXT 9 ,*9ESE HI/ORY1 & FROM ! IMPLICATIONS ( ITS IDEAS = PRES5T-DAY SOCIETIES3    

,:5 EA* FOLL[S HIS OR H] [N ,TAO1 & RECOGNIZES & RESPECTS ! ,TAO 9 ALL O!R BE+S1 A H>MONI\S SY/EM ( SELF-REALIZATION WILL EXI/ 9 NATURE4 ,!RE IS A K9D ( NATURAL JU/ICE ?AT PREVAILS1 SO ?AT ! NE$S ( EA* >E FULFILL$4 4 4 4 ,ORD] & JU/ICE >E ASSUR$ :5 EA* BE+ FOLL[S ITS APPROPRIATE PA? ( DEVELOPM5T4.<#e#a.>  

 ,H]E ! MY/ICALLY AUTONOM\S ,TAO1 PREOCCUPI$ ) 0SELF-REALIZATION10 AN AHI/ORICAL 0NATURAL JU/ICE10 & AN ASSURANCE ?AT ! 0NE$S ( EA* >E FULFILL$10 C\LD EASILY BE SE5 AS AN AFFIRMATION ( LAISSEZ-FAIRE ECONOMICS & !IR TRANSPOSITION 9TO ORD9>Y HUMAN BEHAVIOR4  0,I 5GAGE 9 NO ACTIVITY & ! PEOPLE !MSELVES BECOME PROSP]\S10 SAYS ! GOV]N+ ,TAOI/ RUL]-SAGE .<,TAO ,TE ,*+1 *AP4 #e#g7.>.<#e#b.>  ,:5 ,CL>K MOV$ AWAY FROM ,GOLDWAT]ISM & 9TO SOCIAL ECOLOGY1 DID HE BR+ ) HIM ! RESIDUAL IDEAS ( ,ADAM ,SMI?8 

 ,TO MY CRITICISMS ( ,TAOISM1 ,CL>K LONG RESPOND$ ?AT ,I 0CONFUSE ANCI5T ,TAOI/ PHILOSOPHY 7! ,TAO ,*IA7 ) ! (T5 SUP]/ITI\S & HI]>*ICAL ,TAOI/ RELIGI\S SECT 7! ,TAO ,*IAO70 7,B,A1 P4 #b#a74  ,?AT IS1 ! PHILOSOPHY ATTA*$ TO ! BOOK ITSELF MU/ BE SEP>AT$ FROM ! ,TAOI/ RELIGION ?AT LAT] DEVELOP$4  ,C]TA9LY1 AS 9 ! CASE ( SO MANY RELIGIONS--NOT TO SPEAK ( PHILOSOPHICAL S*OOLS 7! ,*UR*'S CODIFICATION ( ,>I/OTLE'S WORKS1 = EXAMPLE7--CL]ICAL ,TAOISM REPRES5T$ A DEG5]ATION ( PHILOSOPHICAL ,TAOISM4  ,TAOISM DID BECOME A !OLOGY1 9DE$ A *UR*1 COMPLETE ) A PAN!ON ( DEITIES & A COMPLEX HI]>*Y ( PRIE/S4  ,AN 5TIRE >RAY ( SUP]/ITI\S PRACTICES1 9CLUD+ AL*EMY1 =TUNE-TELL+1 A/ROLOGY1 COMMUNICATION ) ! DEAD1 & QUE/S = IMMORTALITY1 CLU/]$ >\ND IT4 ,DUR+ C]TA9 P]IODS ( ,*9ESE HI/ORY1 ,TAOISM EV5 BECAME A /ATE RELIGION1 TEA*+ ,*9ESE PEOPLE ! VIRTUES1 AMONG O!R ?+S1 ( LOYALTY TO ! EMP]OR & MAK+ (F]+S TO ! GODS4   

 ,AS DIFF]5T AS ?IS HI<LY ORGANIZ$ RELIGION MAY BE FROM ,CL>K'S PHILOSOPHICAL ,TAOISM1 IT NONE!LESS TAKES ! ,TAO ,TE ,*+ AS A CANONICAL DOCUM5T4  ,V>I\S ELEM5TS ( 0! ,WAY0 CLE>LY L5D !MSELVES TO ! CREATION ( RELIGION1 TO MY/]Y & MAGIC1 P>TICUL>LY ITS VAGUE MY/ICISM1 ITS PAN!ISM 7:I* IS /ILL A !ISM71 & ITS FOCUS ON ! ,TAO AS 0ON5ESS40  ,BY ,CL>K'S ACC\NT1 H[EV]1 WE >E TO SUPPOSE ?AT ! ,TAO ,TE ,*+ CAN BE UND]/OOD AP>T FROM ! RELIGION ?AT WAS BUILT UPON IT4 ,ONE MI<T1 ) EQUAL OBTUS5ESS1 >GUE ?AT ,*RI/IANITY CAN BE UND]/OOD AS CONSI/+ ( ! ,*RI/IAN SCRIPTURES1 AP>T FROM ! OPPRESSIVE 9/ITUTIONS ?AT W]E BUILT UPON !M4  ,ACTUALLY ! ,TAO ,TE ,*+ CAN NO MORE BE SEP>AT$ FROM ! ,TAOI/ RELIGION ?AN ! ,S]MON ON ! ,M\NT CAN BE REMOV$ FROM ,*RI/IANITY4  ,ONLY AN IVORY T[] ACADEMIC C\LD AB/RACT EI!R ! ,TAO ,TE ,*+ OR ! ,BIBLE FROM ITS SOCIAL ROOTS1 ITS 9/ITUTIONAL CONSEQU5CES--& ! PRES5T CONDITIONS ?AT FAVOR ITS DEVELOPM5T 9TO AN 0ECO-AN>*I/0 IDEOLOGY4 

 ,ALL RELIGIONS BY DEF9ITION RE/ ON FAI? RA!R ?AN REASON--?AT IS1 !Y APPEAL TO ! LEA/ CRITICAL FACULTIES ( !IR DISCIPLES & COMMONLY R$UCE !M TO ACQUIESC5CE TO ! RUL+ CLASSES4  ,H5CE ANY RELIGION MAY HAVE REACTION>Y SOCIAL CONSEQU5CES4  ,BY NO MEANS DID ,LAO-,TZU PROVIDE HIS FOLL[]S ) A !ORY ?AT C\LD BE REMOTELY CALL$ EXPLANATORY1 /ILL LESS RATIONAL4 ,9/EAD1 ! ,TAO ,TE ,*+ IS A DELIB]ATELY CRYPTIC1 MY/ICAL BEHAVIORAL GUIDE ?AT C\LD READILY BE US$ AS A TOOL = FO/]+ PASSIVITY 9 A SUP9E PEASANTRY4  ,ITS MESSAGE ( QUIETISM S]V$ ! 9T]E/S ( ,*9ESE RUL+ CLASSES = ?\S&S ( YE>S1 :ILE ITS ALLUSIONS TO ECOLOGICAL !MES >E 9CID5TAL1 EXCEPT AS P>T ( ! OV]ALL MESSAGE ?AT 9DIVIDUAL HUMAN BE+S %\LD SUBMIT TO ! WORLD AT L>GE4    

,9 ! #a#i#hS & #a#i#iS1 AS SOCIAL & POLITICAL DISEMP[]M5T >E R5D]+ MO/ ( ! PUBLIC APA!TIC1 & :5 QUASI-RELIGI\S & P]SONALI/IC BELIEFS1 AMONG O!R ?+S1 >E P>ALYZ+ ! DEVELOPM5T ( MOVEM5TS = SOCIAL ACTION1 ANY DOCTR9E ( QUIETISM--EV5 ONE DRESS$ 9 ECOLOGICAL G>B--S]VES ONLY TO 9/ILL FUR!R DIM5SIONS ( ACQUIESC5CE4  ,C\PL$ ) EGOTISM1 IT BECOMES A DEBILITAT+ RATIONALE = SOCIAL )DRAWAL & SELF-ABSORPTION4  ,IT WAS = !SE REASONS ?AT ,I C\LD NEV] ACCEPT ,CL>K'S ,TAOISM AS P>T ( SOCIAL ECOLOGY4 

 ,L,9,E ,S,P,A,C,E 

 ,?AT MY ASSOCIATION ) ,CL>K LA/$ AS LONG AS IT DID IS TE/IMONY TO MY SIL5T 5DURANCE ( HIS ,TAOI/ CLAPTRAP & MY DI/9CTLY NONDOGMATIC TOL]ANCE ( VIEWS NOT 9 ACCORDANCE ) MY [N4  ,BUT 9 ! LATE #a#i#hS1 AS ?IS TYPE ( MY/ICAL QUIETISM GA9$ MORE & MORE 9FLU5CE 9TO ! ECOLOGY MOVEM5T1 ,I C\LD NO LONG] REMA9 SIL5T4  ,9 LATE #aihf ,DAVID ,=EMAN 7A SELF-DESCRIB$ DEEP ECOLOGI/ & A C(\ND] ( ,E>? ,FIR/671 9 AN 9T]VIEW ) ,BILL ,DEVALL 7ONE ( ! HI< *IEFTA9S ( DEEP ECOLOGY71 HAD DECL>$ ?AT HUNGRY ,E?IOPIAN *ILDR5 %\LD NOT BE GIV5 ANY FOOD RELIEF & ?AT NATURE %\LD 0BE P]MITT$ TO TAKE ITS C\RSE40 ,! 0C\RSE0 HE ADVOCAT$ /RUCK ME AS A BRUTAL ONE1 & ANY?+ BUT 0NATURAL40  ,I OBJECT$ ) CONSID]ABLE HEAT TO ! CRUEL ,MAL?USIAN DEMOGRAPHICS ?AT ,=EMAN'S VIEWS EXPRESS$ & TO ! MY/ICAL NOTION ( A 0C\RSE ( NATURE0--IDEAS ?AT1 ?ANKS TO ,DEVALL'S PRAISE = ,=EMAN1 W]E ASSOCIAT$ ) DEEP ECOLOGY4 

 ,9 ,JUNE #a#i#h#g1 = ?IS & O!R REASONS1 ,I %>PLY CRITICIZ$ DEEPECOLOGY AT ! NATIONAL CONF]5CE ( ! ,GRE5S AT ,AMH]/1 ,MASSA*USETTS1 & 9 MY >TICLE 0,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY V]SUS ',DEEP ,ECOLOGY4'0  ,MY CRITICISM VISIBLY DI/URB$ ,CL>K = A V>IETY REASONS1 SOME ( :I* MAKE ME WOND] :Y HE HAD EV] ADOPT$ ME AS HIS M5TOR 9 ! FIR/ PLACE4  ,MO/ NOTABLY1 MY CRITICISM SEEMS TO HAVE PLAC$ HIM 9 A DIFFICULT PR(ESSIONAL POSITION4  ,HE WAS /ILL /RONGLY ID5TIFI$ PUBLICLY ) ME3  BUT N[1 NOT ONLY HAD ,I OP5$ A CRITIQUE ( ECO-MY/ICISM ?AT ?REAT5$ TO BR+ \R DISAGREEM5T OV] ,TAOISM 9TO ! OP51 BUT ,I WAS DI/+UI%+ SOCIAL ECOLOGY FROM DEEP ECOLOGY 9 A WAY ?AT EMPHASIZ$ ! FACT ?AT SOCIAL ECOLOGY CALLS = NO?+ LESS ?AN A SOCIAL REVOLUTION4  ,ON ! O!R H&1 DEEP ECOLOGI/S W]E GR[+ 9 NUMB]2 !IR IDEAS W]E CONSI/5T ) ,TAOISM2 & MANY ( !M W]E ALREADY HIS FRI5DS & PR(ESSIONAL CONTACTS1 9CLUD+ ! POETIC DOY5 ( DEEP ECOLOGY1 ,G>Y ,SNYD] 7:O BROKE (F ALL RELATIONS ) ME AFT] MY CRITICISM74  ,9 TIME1 ,CL>K SAW ?AT MANY 5VIRONM5TAL PR(ESSORS 9 ,AM]ICAN UNIV]SITIES--HIS HOME GR\ND--W]E BEG9N+ TO ADOPT DEEP ECOLOGY AS !IR ECOLOGICAL RELIGION ( *OICE4  

 ,CL>K F\ND ! OCCASION TO BREAK ) ME 9 #a#i#i#b1 :5 ! ,9/ITUTE = ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY FAIL$ TO 9VITE HIM TO RETURN AS A LECTUR] = ITS SUMM] SESSION ( #a#i#i#c4  ,= REASONS ?AT HAD NO?+ :ATEV] TO DO ) MY GR[+ DISAGREEM5TS ) HIM1 ! ,9/ITUTE'S CURRICULUM COMMITTEE HAD DECID$1 9 LATE #aiib OR E>LY #a#i#i#c1 TO DROP HIM AS A VISIT+ LECTUR]4  ,AS ,DAN ,*ODORK(F1 ! ,9/ITUTE'S EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR1 LAT] REC\NT$ ! EV5TS = ME3 ,! S*OOL WAS NO LONG] 9 A POSITION TO PROVIDE ,CL>K ) @s#e = HIS TRAVEL EXP5SES1 BECAUSE ITS BUDGET WAS LIMIT$2 MOREOV]1 IT WI%$ TO CORRECT A G5D] IMBALANCE 9 ITS LECTUR]S4  ,9/EAD ( FUND+ ,CL>K'S VISIT1 IT *OSE TO USE ITS FUNDS TO BR+ A WELL-QUALIFI$ WOMAN LECTUR] FROM ,CALI=NIA4  ,AS ,*ODORK(F EMPHASIZ$3  

 !RE WAS A CONC]N ON ! CURRICULUM COMMITTEE ?AT ! LECTURE S]IES WAS DOM9AT$ BY MALE SPEAK]S1 & GIV5 \R CONC]NS ) DIV]SITY1 ! DECISION WAS MADE TO TRY TO BR+ MORE WOM5 9TO ! PROGRAM4  ,! FUNDS ?AT WE W\LD HAVE EXP5D$ ON ,JOHN'S VISIT W]E COMMITT$ TO BR+ 9 WOM5 LECTUR]S4.<#e#c.>    

 ,! CURRICULUM COMMITTEE ALSO HAD ANO!R REASON = NOT 9VIT+ ,CL>K TO RETURN1 ONE ?AT ,*ODORK(F DID NOT TELL HIM AT ! TIME1 9 ORD] TO SP>E HIS FEEL+S4 ,AS ,*ODORK(F LAT] WROTE TO ME3  

 ,IT WAS ALSO TRUE ?AT ,JOHN'S LECTURES HAD NOT BE5 WELL RECEIV$ BY /UD5TS ! PREVI\S YE>4  ,/UD5T EVALUATIONS REGI/]$ COMPLA9TS AB\T HIS PRES5TATIONS1 & BY HIS F9AL LECTURE 5ROLLM5T HAD DROPP$ PRECIPIT\SLY4  

,GIV5 !SE CIRCUM/ANCES1 DESPITE ! FACT ?AT ,JOHN WAS A P]SONAL FRI5D ( M9E1 ,I ACCEPT$ ! CURRICULUM COMMITTEE'S RECOMM5DATION ?AT ,JOHN NOT BE 9VIT$ BACK TO LECTURE4.<#e#d.>   

 ,CL>K'S DIS-9VITATION FROM ! ,9/ITUTE 9 #aiic SEEMS TO HAVE PROVID$ HIM ) ! OCCASION HE NE$$ 9 ORD] TO BREAK ) ME4 ,JUDG+ FROM :AT O!RS HAVE TOLD ME S9CE !N1 HE HELD ME RESPONSIBLE = HIS DIS- NVITATION4 ,YET ,I NEV] RAIS$ ANY OB/ACLES TO ,CL>K'S P>TICIPATION 9 ! ,9/ITUTE'S PROGRAM4  ,9DE$1 AL?\< ,I HAVE HAD S]I\S DIFF]5CES ) A NUMB] ( O!R ,9/ITUTE 9/RUCTORS 9 ! PA/1 9CLUD+ AN \TRI<T ,WICCAN1 ,I NEV] MADE ANY EF=T TO REMOVE !M FROM ! PROGRAM4  ,9 FACT1 AT AN ,9/ITUTE FACULTY MEET+ 9 LATE #aiib ?AT DID T\* ON ISSUES ( CURRICULUM1 ,I URG$ ! ,9/ITUTE ?AT 0,JOHN ,CL>K %\LD BE TEA*+ A C\RSE ON ! HI/ORY ( AN>*ISM10 AS ! M9UTES ( ! MEET+ PUT IT4.<#e#e.>  ,BUT ,I DO NOT SIT ON ! CURRICULUM COMMITTEE1 & !RE=E ,I AM NOT 9VOLV$ 9 ITS DECISION-MAK+ PROCESSES4 

 ,AFT] ,CL>K'S DIS-9VITATION A FEW MON?S LAT]1 H[EV]1 HIS ATTITUDE T[>D ME TURN$ HO/ILE1 CULM9AT+ 9 ! VITUP]ATION EVID5T 9 0,BOOK*9 ,AGONI/ES40   

,MY PURPOSE 9 WRIT+ ,RE-,5*ANT+ ,HUMANITY 7! BOOK ?AT 0,BOOK*9 ,AGONI/ES0 O/5SIBLY REVIEWS7 WAS TO ID5TIFY & CONDEMN ! RIS+ TIDE ( IRRATIONALISM1 ANTIHUMANISM1 & ANTI-,5LI<T5M5T S5TIM5T ?AT IS ?REAT5+ TO 5GULF CONTEMPOR>Y ,EURO-,AM]ICAN CULTURE4  ,MORE SPECIFICALLY1 ! BOOK CRITICIZES ! !ISM1 PO/MOD]NISM1 ANTISCI5TISM1 SOCIOBIOLOGY1 MISAN?ROPY1 & MY/ICISM ?AT >E CURR5TLY SO 9FLU5TIAL1 BO? )9 ! ACADEMY & )\T4   

 ,E>LY ON 9 ! BOOK1 ,I CLE>LY DEF9E :AT ,I MEAN BY ANTIHUMANISM3 NAMELY1 0A COMMON DEPRECATION ( ! REM>KABLE FEATURES ?AT MAKE \R SPECIES UNIQUE 9 ! BIOSPH]E4  ,:E!R EXPLICITLY OR IMPLICITLY1 .<! T5D5CIES 9 QUE/ION.> D]IDE HUMANITY'S ABILITY = 9NOVATION1 ITS TE*NOLOGICAL PR[ESS1 ITS POT5TIALITY = PROGRESS1 &1 ABOVE ALL1 ITS CAPACITY = RATIONALITY4  ,I HAVE ?US F\ND IT APPROPRIATE TO CALL ?IS 5SEMBLE ( DEPRECATORY ATTITUDES ANTIHUMANISM0 7,R,H1 P4 #d74   

 ,! T5D5CIES ,I DISCUSS DO NOT ALWAYS EMBODY ALL ! TRAITS ( ANTIHUMANISM ?AT ,I ID5TIFY1 BUT AS AN 5SEMBLE !Y DO1 & !Y ALL %>E ! MO/ IMPORTANT FEATURE ( ANTIHUMANISM3  ?AT IT 0PLACES LITTLE OR NO EMPHASIS ON SOCIAL CONC]NS0 BUT 9/EAD (F]S A MESSAGE ?AT IS 0PRIM>ILY ONE ( SPIRITUAL HYGI5E1 P]SONAL )DRAWAL1 & A G5]AL DISDA9 = HUMANI/IC ATTRIBUTES SU* AS REASON & 9NOVATION0 7,R,H1 P4 #d74  ,:]E HUMANISM PLACES ITS EMPHASIS ON ! P[] ( REASON & ITS ABILITY TO CONFRONT & SOLVE MANY ( ! PROBLEMS HUMAN BE+S FACE1 ANTIHUMANISM PLACES ITS EMPHASIS ON P[]S O!R ?AN HUMAN ABILITIES3 NOTABLY1 0! P[]S ( ,GOD10 0SUP]NATURAL =CES10 9DEF9ABLE 0COSMIC =CES10 09TUITION10 & 0,NATURE0 7,R,H1 P4 #a#c74   

,AL?\< !SE T5D5CIES & ! PROBLEMS !Y POSE >E ! C5TRAL SUBJECT (  MY BOOK1 9 HIS 0BOOK REVIEW0 ,CL>K_/,CAF>D DEFTLY IGNORES !M4  ,NO:]E DOES HE 9=M ! READ] ( ! PURPOSE ( ! BOOK1 OR EXPLA9 :AT ,I MEAN BY HUMANISM & ANTIHUMANISM2 NOR DOES HE ADDRESS EV5 ! 0DUMB+ D[N0 ( ! CULTURE AT L>GE_*A RELAT$ !ME ?AT HE1 AS A PR(ESSOR1 MI<T BE EXPECT$ TO BE CONC]N$ )4  ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 MY CONSID]ABLE DISCUSSIONS ( PRIMITIVISM & CIVILIZATION2 ( ! EM]G5CE ( DEEP ECOLOGY OV] ! PA/ TWO DECADES & ITS CONTRADICTIONS2 ! G5ETIC DET]M9ISM ( ,E4 ,O4 ,WILSON'S SOCIOBIOLOGY2 ! CRUDE ATOMISM ( ,RI*>D ,DAWK9S'S SOCIAL 0MIMES02 ! EXPLICIT MISAN?ROPY ( ,JAMES ,LOVELOCK'S 0,GAIA HYPO!SIS10 :I* >ROGANTLY D]OGATES SOCIAL PROBLEMS AS TRIVIAL BESIDE ! SPL5DORS ( 0,GAIA02 ! RAIL+ IMPOT5CE ( TE*NOPHOBIA AS A SOCIAL CRITIQUE2 PO/MOD]NISM AS AN IDEOLOGICAL REACTION TO #a#i#f#h2 & ! ANTIRATIONALISM ( ,PAUL ,FEY]AB5D'S FA%IONABLE ANTISCI5TISM--ALL ( ?IS & MORE IS TOTALLY IGNOR$4   

 ,9/EAD ( MAK+ EV5 A REMOTE ATTEMPT TO EXPLA9 MY CONT5TIONS TO ! READ]1 ,CL>K_/,CAF>D ACTUALLY COMES TO ! DEF5SE ( SOME ( ! ANTIHUMANI/S :OM ,I CRITICIZ$4  ,HE D5\NCES ME = TAK+ ON ! SOCIOBIOLOGI/S ,E4 ,O4 ,WILSON & ,RI*>D ,DAWK9S1 SAY+ D]ISIVELY ?AT ,I CRITICIZ$ !M = 0FAIL+ TO RECOGNIZE DIFF]5CES BETWE5 HOMO SAPI5S & O!R SPECIES40  ,IF ?AT HAD ACTUALLY BE5 MY CRITIQUE1 IT W\LD C]TA9LY HAVE BE5 LAU<ABLE & WRONG1 BUT ?AT WAS NOT MY CRITIQUE AT ALL4 ,I CRITICIZ$ ! TWO SOCIOBIOLOGI/S = !IR >RANT R$UCTIONISM1 :I* IS ANTIHUMANI/IC BY ANY DEF9ITION4  ,WILSON & ,DAWK9S1 ,I WROTE1 DISPLAY 0LITTLE APPRECIATION ( ANY EVOLUTION>Y T5D5CY ?AT IMP>TS VALUE TO SUBJECTIVITY1 9TELLIG5CE1 CREATIVITY & E?ICS1 AP>T FROM ! S]VICE !Y P]=M TO ! WELL-BE+ ( G5ES40  ,9/EAD1 = !M1 SPECIES 0>E PRIM>ILY ! M$IA = G5ETIC EVOLUTION0 7,R,H1 P4 #c#g74  ,W\LD ,CL>K D5Y ?AT ?IS R$UCTIONISM IS ! ESS5CE ( SOCIOBIOLOGY--OR1 AS IT IS MORE COMMONLY CALL$ TODAY1 EVOLUTION>Y PSY*OLOGY8   

 ,HAV+ DEF5D$ SOCIOBIOLOGI/S1 ,CL>K_/,CAF>D !N RIDES TO ! AID ( V>I\S PROM95T MY/ICS--,E4 ,F4 ,S*UMA*]1 ,WILLIAM ,IRW9 ,?OMPSON1 ,?OMAS ,B]RY1 & ,MAT!W ,FOX--TO RESCUE !M FROM MY *>GE ( ANTIHUMANISM1 /ILL NOT TELL+ HIS READ]S :AT ,I MEAN BY ANTIHUMANISM4  ,NOR DOES HE EXPLORE ! V]Y REAL PROSPECT ?AT ANTIHUMANISM CAN EASILY LEAD TO MISAN?ROPY4  ,! ,REV]5D ,B]RY1 HE REPROA*ES ME1 IS AFT] ALL AN 0AMIABLE0 MAN4  ,BUT AS MY COLLEAGUE ,*AIA ,HELL] REC5TLY PO9T$ \T 9 A CONV]SATION ) ,CL>K1 :AT IS AT ISSUE H]E IS NOT :E!R PEOPLE >E 0AMIABLE0 OR 0NICE10 BUT :E!R !IR IDEAS >E RI<T OR WRONG4.<#e#f.>    

 ,! GOOD REV]5D IS ANY?+ BUT 0AMIABLE0 9 ,! ,DREAM ( ! ,E>?1 :5 HE WRITES LIKE A SOCIOBIOLOGI/1 5JO9+ US TO LOOK 0BEYOND \R CULTURAL COD+ TO \R G5ETIC COD+1 TO ASK = GUIDANCE02 LIKE AN ANTIRATIONALI/ :5 HE 9TONES ?AT ! 0V]Y RATIONAL PROCESS ?AT WE EXALT AS ! ONLY TRUE WAY TO UND]/&+ IS 4 4 4 ITSELF A MY?IC IMAG9ATIVE DREAM EXP]I5CE4 ,! DIFFICULTY ( \R TIMES IS \R 9ABILITY TO AWAK5 \T ( ?IS CULTURAL PA?OLOGY02 LIKE AN 9TUITIONI/ MY/IC1 :5 HE URGES US TO UND]TAKE A 0A DESC5T 9TO \R PR]ATIONAL1 \R 9/9CTIVE RES\RCES02 & LIKE AN \TRI<T MISAN?ROPE :5 HE D5\NCES HUMAN BE+S AS 0! MO/ P]NICI\S MODE ( E>?LY BE+4 4 4 ! T]M9ATION1 NOT ! FULFILLM5T1 ( ! ,E>? PROCESS4 ,IF !RE W]E A P>LIAM5T ( CREATURES1 ITS FIR/ DECISION MI<T WELL BE TO VOTE ! HUMANS \T ( ! COMMUNITY1 TOO DEADLY A PRES5CE TO TOL]ATE ANY FUR!R4  ,WE >E AN AFFLICTION ( ! WORLD1 ITS DEMONIC PRES5CE4  ,WE >E ! VIOLATION ( E>?'S MO/ SACR$ ASPECTS40.<#e#g.>   

 ,! ECO-MY/ICISM ?AT AB\NDS AMONG DEEP ECOLOGI/S HO ACCEPT BIOC5TRISM & SEEK 0ECOLOGICAL CONSCI\SNESS0 & MY/ICAL EXP]I5CES ( 0SELF-9-,SELF0--IS ( A PIECE ) ! DEEP ECOLOGY LIT]ATURE ?AT G5]ALLY DEPRECATES HUMAN ACTIVITY 9 ! BIOSPH]E1 AS ?\< ITS ILL-EFFECTS HAD NO SOCIAL BASIS4  ,AL?\< ,CL>K MAY G5TLY CRITICIZE MISAN?ROPIC VIEWS 9 !IR MO/ LIMIT$ & SPECIFIC =MS1 HE TYPICALLY--9DE$1 V]Y TYPICALLY REFUSES TO G5]ALIZE FROM !M OR F]RET \T !IR S\RCES 9 DEEP ECOLOGY'S MO/ FUNDAM5TAL T5ET3 BIOC5TRISM1 OR ! IDEA ?AT 0ALL ORGANISMS & 5TITIES 9 ! ECOSPH]E1 AS P>TS ( ! 9T]RELAT$ :OLE1 >E EQUAL 9 9TR9SIC WOR?10 AS ,GEORGE ,SESSIONS & ,BILL ,DEVALL DEF9$ ! CONCEPT4.<#e#h.>   

 ,9/EAD1 ,CL>K EXCORIATES ME = SUPPOS$LY MISUND]/&+ BIOC5TRISM 9 AT LEA/ TWO WAYS4 ,9 HIS FIR/ OBJECTION1 HE SAYS3  

 ,IF ONE CONT5DS ?AT A HUMAN BE+ & A RIV]1 = 9/ANCE1 >E BO? P>T ( A L>G] 0SELF10 ?IS 9 NO WAY IMPLIES ?AT ! RIV] POSSESSES ANY CAPACITY = 0EMPA?Y10 ANY MORE ?AN IT IMPLIES ?AT ! HUMAN BE+ !REBY POSSESSES ! CAPACITY TO BE A HOME = FI%4  ,RA!R1 IT ONLY IMPLIES ?AT ! L>G] :OLE ( :I* !Y >E BO? A P>T 7CALL$ ! 0L>G] SELF0 9 ?IS VIEW7 HAS BO? !SE CAPACITIES 9 SOME S5SE  7,B,A1 P4 #b#b74  

 ,( C\RSE1 ! NOTION ?AT ! NATURAL WORLD IS A 0L>G] SELF0 ?AT IS CAPABLE ( 0EMPA?Y0 IS A PAT5TLY AN?ROPOMORPHIC =M ( PAN!ISM ?AT AB\NDS 9 NATURE MY/ICISM4  ,BUT ?IS IS NOT :AT ,I WAS GETT+ AT 9 ! RELEVANT PASSAGE 9 ,RE5*ANT+ ,HUMANITY3   

 ,IF ! SELF MU/ M]GE--OR DISSOLVE1 AS ,I CLAIM--ACCORD+ TO DEEP ECOLOGI/S1 9TO RA9 =E/S1 ECOSY/EMS1 M\NTA9S1 RIV]S 0& SO ON10 !SE PH5OM5A MU/ %>E 9 ! 9TELLECTUALITY1 IMAG9ATION1 =ESI<T1 COMMUNICATIVE ABILITIES1 & EMPA?Y ?AT HUMAN BE+S POSSESS1 ?AT IS1 IF 0BIOC5TRIC EQUALITY0 IS TO HAVE ANY MEAN+ 7,R,H1 P4 #a74  

 ,CONTR>Y TO ,CL>K1 ,I WAS DECID$LY NOT >GU+ ?AT DEEP ECOLOGI/S SAY RIV]S HAVE A 0CAPACITY = EMPA?Y40 ,I WAS >GU+ ?AT IF 0BIOC5TRIC EQUALITY0 IS TO HAVE ANY 9T]NAL CONSI/5CY AS AN E?ICAL CONCEPT1 !N IT MU/ VIEW ALL O!R LIFE-=MS & O!R 5TITIES AS EQUIPP$ ) ! SAME CAPACITIES = MORAL ACTION ) :I* HUMAN BE+S >E EQUIPP$--:I* !Y PAT5TLY >E NOT6  ,IF ?IS PO9T SEEMS TOO TRITE TO EXP5D 5]GY ON MAK+1 !N ! FAULT LIES ) ! DEEP ECOLOGI/S = OV]LOOK+ SU* A BASIC & OBVI\S PO9T 9 !IR [N ?9K+1 NECESSITAT+ ?AT !IR CRITICS UND]TAKE ! TIRESOME TASK ( MAK+ IT4 

 ,CL>K'S SECOND OBJECTION IS EQUALLY ABSURD3   

,SECONDLY1 ! CONCEPT ( 0BIOC5TRIC EQUALITY0 HAS NO IMPLICATION ( 0EQUALITY ( QUALITIES0 AMONG ?OSE BE+S TO :OM 7OR TO :I*7 ! EQUALITY IS ATTRIBUT$4  ,9DE$1 ?IS CONCEPT1 LIKE MO/ CONCEPTS ( MORAL EQUALITY1 >E SIGNIFICANT PRECISELY BECAUSE !Y ATTRIBUTE SU* EQUALITY TO BE+S ?AT >E 9 O!R IMPORTANT WAYS UNEQUAL4  ,DEEP ECOLOGI/S & O!R ECOPHILOSOPH]S :O EMPLOY CONCEPTS SU* AS 0EQUAL 9TR9SIC VALUE0 OR 0EQUAL 9H]5T WOR?0 CLE>LY .<6.> MEAN ?AT C]TA9 BE+S .<6.> DES]VE EQUAL CONSID]ATION OR EQUAL TREATM5T .<6.>1 NOT ?AT !Y POSSESS C]TA9 *>ACT]I/ICS TO AN EQUAL DEGREE 7,B,A1 P4 #b#b74  

 ,AS READ]S ( ,RE-,5*ANT+ ,HUMANITY KN[1 ,I EMPHASIZ$ ! QUALITATIVE DIFF]5CES BETWE5 HUMAN & ANIMALS !RE PRECISELY BECAUSE DEEP ECOLOGI/S SU* AS ,BILL ,DEVALL1 ,GEORGE ,SESSIONS1 & ,W>WICK ,FOX1 AMONG O!RS1 HAVE >GU$ ?AT 0!RE IS NO BIFURCATION 9 REALITY BETWE5 ! HUMAN & ! NONHUMAN REALMS0 7QUOT$ 9 ,R,H1 P4 #a#a74  ,IT WAS ! BIOC5TRI/ ,ROBYN ,ECK]SLEY1 AFT] ALL1 :O WROTE ?AT 0\R SPECIAL CAPABILITIES 7E4G41 A HI<LY DEVELOP$ CONSCI\SNESS1 LANGUAGE & TOOL-MAK+ CAPABILITY7 >E SIMPLY ONE .<6.> =M ( EXCELL5CE ALONGSIDE ! MYRIAD O!RS 7E4G41 ! NAVIGATIONAL SKILLS ( BIRDS1 ! SON> CAPABILITY & PLAYFULNESS ( DOLPH9S1 & ! 9T5SE SOCIALITY ( ANTS7 RA!R ?AN ! =M ( EXCELL5CE ?R[N UP BY EVOLUTION0 7QUOT$ 9 ,R,H1 P4 #a74  ,GUID$ BY ?IS 0EGALIT>IAN0 PRECEPT ( %>$ QUALITATIVE 0EXCELL5CE0 7:I* >E NOT MORAL BUT L>GELY ANATOMICAL71 WE MI<T WELL LOSE \R ABILITY TO DI/+UI% BIRDS FROM PEOPLE 9 T]MS ( !IR QUALITIES & CAPABILITIES4   

 ,IF !RE >E O!R DEEP ECOLOGI/S DO NOT %>E ,ECK]SLEY'S 5?USIASM = ! 0NAVIGATIONAL SKILLS ( BIRDS0 &1 LIKE ME1 DO SEE QUALITATIVE DIFF]5CES BETWE5 HUMAN BE+S & NONHUMAN LIFE-=MS1 ,I = ONE HAVE NOT HE>D !M CRITICIZE ,ECK]SLEY4  ,YET ,I EMPHATICALLY REJECT ! BIOC5TRIC NOTION ?AT ALL LIFE-=MS 0DES]VE EQUAL CONSID]ATION OR EQUAL TREATM5T10 AS ,CL>K PUTS IT.<#e#i.>--PRIM>ILY BECAUSE ONLY ONE ( ?OSE LIFE-=MS IS CAPABLE ( DO+ ! 0CONSID]+0 & 0TREAT+40  ,! NATURAL WORLD IS 9TR9SICALLY NEI!R MORAL NOR IMMORAL1 VALUABLE NOR VALUELESS2 9ASMU* AS IT DOES NOT KN[ ANY?+1 IT CAN MAKE NO ATTRIBUTIONS ( WOR?4   

 ,IF ,I CRITICIZE A CONCEPT ( 0EQUALITY ( QUALITIES0 9 ,RE-,5*ANT+ ,HUMANITY & MANY O!R PLACES1 ,I DO SO TO SUPPORT MY CRITIQUE ( ! E?ICAL CONCEPT ( 0EQUAL 9TR9SIC WOR?40  ,ONLY HUMAN BE+S CAN ATTRIBUTE WOR? TO O!R CREATURES & 5TITIES2 NO ANIMAL CAN BE REG>D$ AS AN E?ICAL AG5T )\T ATTRIBUT+ TO IT ! MO/ \TRAGE\S AN?ROPOMORPHIC ATTRIBUTES4 ,:]E ,I CITE DIFF]5CES 9 QUALITIES BETWE5 HUMANS & NONHUMAN ANIMALS1 IT IS PRECISELY TO CORRECT ?IS PAT5T ABSURDITY & TO SUB/ANTIATE MY CASE ?AT ANIMALS >E BY NO MEANS ( 0EQUAL 9TR9SIC VALUE0 TO HUMANS4   ,IT IS ONLY HUMAN BE+S :O >E 9 A POSITION TO REM$Y !IR SOCIETIES' RELATIONS ) ! RE/ ( ! NATURAL WORLD & CONSCI\SLY ADDRESS ! ECOLOGICAL CRISIS1 OR1 = ?AT MATT]1 EV5 BE AW>E ?AT SU* A CRISIS EXI/S4  

 ,I SUBMIT ?AT AT LEA/ ONE REASON ,CL>K_/,CAF>D NEGLECTS TO 9=M HIS READ]S ( ! PURPOSE & MESSAGE ( MY BOOK IS ! FACT ?AT HIS [N MUDDL$ IDEAS >E V]Y MU* P>T ( ! ANTIHUMANI/ & MY/ICAL TR5DS ?AT ! BOOK D5\NCES4  ,9DE$1 HAD ,I *OS5 TO1 ,I C\LD EASILY HAVE US$ HIS [N WRIT+S AS A CASE /UDY ( ?OSE SAME REGRESSIVE TR5DS4  

 ,= ONE ?+1 IRRATIONALISM SIGNIFICANTLY P]VADES ,CL>K'S ,TAOI/ BELIEFS4 ,LAO-,TZU1 ,CL>K HAS WRITT5 APPROV+LY1 LAUN*$ 0AN ATTACK ON KN[L$GE & WISDOM 9 ! NAME ( SIMPLICITY0 & C\NSEL$ PEOPLE TO 0'AB&ON SAGEL9ESS & DISC>D WISDOM'0 7,A,M1 P4 #a#g#h7  ,CL>K'S RATIONALIZATION = ?IS PRESCRIPTION--?AT IT WAS >TIFICIAL KN[L$GE1 NOT WISDOM1 ?AT ,LAO-,TZU DESPIS$--H>DLY PASSES MU/]1 S9CE FROM ITS V]Y FIR/ L9E ! ,TAO ,TE ,*+ IS ANTI-9TELLECTUAL3  0,! ,TAO 7,WAY7 ?AT CAN BE TOLD ( IS NOT ! ET]NAL ,TAO2 ,! NAME ?AT CAN BE NAM$ IS NOT ! ET]NAL NAME40.<#f.>   

 ,N[1 SOME?+ ?AT CANNOT BE NAM$ IS SOME?+ ?AT IS 9EFFABLE & CANNOT BE DISCUSS$4 ,& SOME?+ ?AT CANNOT BE DISCUSS$ IS SOME?+ ?AT CANNOT BE ?\<T AB\T RATIONALLY4  ,?US IT IS NOT A RATIONAL BUT IS AN EMOTIONAL OR CREATIVE PROCESS--OR A PRIVATE MY/ICAL EXP]I5CE4  ,9 ! CASE ( ! ,TAO ,TE ,*+1 IT IS A PRIVATE MY/ICAL EXP]I5CE ?AT IS 9 QUE/ION4  0,TAO IS ET]NAL & HAS NO NAME0 7*AP4 #c#b71 WE READ2 &3 0,! ?+ ?AT IS CALL$ ,TAO IS ELUD+ & VAGUE0 7*AP4 #b#a74  ,KN[L$GE & WISDOM_*RATIONALITY-->E1 9 ! ,TAO1 ONLY S\RCES ( PROBLEMS3  0,:5 KN[L$GE & WISDOM APPE>$1 !RE EM]G$ GREAT HYPOCRISY0 7*AP4 #a#h74  ,CONSEQU5TLY1 ,LAO-,TZU ADVISES1 0DISC>D WISDOM0 7*AP4 #a#i72 0,AB&ON LE>N+ & !RE WILL BE NO SORR[0 7*AP4 #b74  ,IF ?IS IS NOT IRRATIONALISM1 A =M ( ANTIHUMANISM ?AT DEPRECATES :AT IS UNIQUE AB\T HUMAN BE+S--!IR ABILITY TO G5]ALIZE1 =ESEE1 & CREATE--,I DON'T KN[ :AT IS4   

 ,MOREOV]1 ! ,TAO ,TE ,*+ IS PAT5TLY A MY/ICAL WORK4  ,AS ,MAX ,WEB] PUT IT1 0,) ,LAO-,TZU1 ,TAO WAS BR\<T 9TO RELATION%IP ) ! TYPICAL GOD-SEEK+ ( ! MY/IC4  ,TAO 4 4 4 IS ! DIV9E ,ALL-,ONE ( :I* WE CAN P>TAKE-- S 9 ALL CONTEMPLATIVE MY/ICISM--BY R5D]+ ONE'S SELF ABSOLUTELY VOID ( WORLDLY 9T]E/S & PASSIONATE DESIRES1 UNTIL RELEASE FROM ALL ACTIVITY IS ATTA9$40 ,= ,LAO-,TZU1 ,WEB] OBS]V$1 0! SUPREME GOOD WAS A PSY*IC /ATE1 A UNIO MY/ICA40.<#f#a.>  

 ,H[ S\ND IS ,WEB]'S 9T]PRETATION8  ,CL>K1 = ONE1 MI<T REJECT IT1 S9CE 9 HIS REVIEW HE OBJECTS TO MY /ATEM5T ?AT MY/ICISM 0G5]ALLY CELEBRATES ITS V]Y IMP]VI\SNESS TO RATIONAL ANALYSIS4  ,EXPLICITLY ANTIRATIONAL1 IT MAKES ITS /RONGE/ APPEAL TO ! AU?ORITY ( BELIEF OV] ?\<T0 7,B,A1 P4  #b#a74  ,AS AGA9/ MY 9T]PRETATION1 ,CL>K CLAIMS ?AT ! MY/ICAL \TLOOK 0(T5 CLA%ES ) SY/EMS ( BELIEF0 & 0TYPICALLY PRIVILEGES DIRECT EXP]I5CE OV] ANY SORT ( AU?ORITY0 7,B,A1 P4 #b#a74  ,BUT DOES 0EXP]I5CE0 H]E MEAN EMPIRICAL OBS]VATION1 P]SONAL 0EXP]I5CE10 OR_*MO/ LIKELY--MY/ICAL 0EXP]I5CE08  ,9 ,RE-,5*ANT+ ,HUMANITY ,I WAS DEF9ITELY NOT DISCUSS+ ! RELATION%IP ( MY/ICS TO ! HI]>*S ( OR?ODOX BELIEF SY/EMS4  ,TO ! CONTR>Y1 ,I WAS ADDRESS+ ! SOCIAL CONSEQU5CES ( MY/ICISM & ITS RELATION%IP ) REASON4  ,IF MY/ICISM PRIVILEGES 0DIRECT EXP]I5CE10 ?AT PHRASE MEANS SOME?+ V]Y DIFF]5T 9 MY/ICISM FROM :AT IT MEANS 9 SCI5CE4  ,BY ,CL>K'S ACC\NT1 H[EV]1 ONE MI<T ALMO/ ?9K ?AT MY/ICS >E RATIONAL EMPIRICI/S--EV5 ?AT !Y >E NOT CONC]N$ ) MY/ICAL EXP]I5CES4  

 ,:AT IS ! RELATION%IP BETWE5 FAI? & REASON 9 ! MY/ICAL \TLOOK8  ,TO CITE ,! ,5CYCLOP$IA ( ,PHILOSOPHY'S UNEQUIVOCAL SUMM>Y3  ,!RE IS NONE4  ,! MY/ICAL VISION1 ,RONALD ,W4 ,HEPBURN WRITES1 0MU/ BE A UNIFY+ VISION1 A S5SE ?AT SOMEH[ ALL ?+S >E ONE & %>E A HOLY1 DIV9E1 & S+LE LIFE1 OR ?AT ONE'S 9DIVIDUAL BE+ M]GES 9TO A ',UNIV]SAL ,SELF1' TO BE ID5TIFI$ ) ,GOD OR ! MY/ICAL ,ONE4  ,MY/ICAL EXP]I5CE !N TYPICALLY 9VOLVES ! 9T5SE & JOY\S REALIZATION ( ON5ESS )1 OR 91 ! DIV9E1 ! S5SE ?AT ! DIV9E ,ONE IS COMPREH5SIVE1 ALL- EMBRAC+1 9 ITS BE+40 ,S9CE ALL IS 0ONE10 REASON CAN PLAY NO ROLE :ATEV]2 0ON5ESS0 IS 9EFFABLE1 & 0NO LOGICALLY COH]5T ACC\NT ( .<!.> MY/ICAL VISION SEEMS ATTA9ABLE40.<#f#b.>  ,NOT EV5 ,CL>K'S P$ANTRY CAN SUCCESSFULLY SEP>ATE MY/ICISM FROM IRRATIONALISM4  ,MOREOV]1 AS A DEPRECATION ( REASON1 MY/ICISM IS ANTIHUMANI/IC1 = ALL ! REASONS ,I HAVE GIVE ABOVE4    

 ,CL>K'S ,TAOISM IS ANTIHUMANI/IC1 9 FACT1 NOT ONLY BY MY DEF9ITION BUT BY HIS [N ADMISSION4  ,SAYS ,LAO-,TZU1 0,! SAGE IS NOT HUMANE4  ,HE REG>DS ALL PEOPLE AS /RAW DOGS0--?AT IS1 AS WOR?LESS4  ,CL>K1 :O OBJECTS TO MY CALL+ O!R MY/ICS ANTIHUMANI/S1 HAS NO PROBLEM ) ANTIHUMANISM :5 IT COMES FROM ,LAO-,TZU2 TO ! CONTR>Y1 HE SAYS1 0! ,LAO ,TZU IS PR$ICAT$ ON ANTI-HUMANISM  79 FACT1 ?IS IS ONE ( ITS GREAT /R5G?S740 ,9DE$1 0IT IS ONLY ) A REJECTION ( HUMANISM ?AT ! GREATE/ POSSIBLE COMPASSION CAN >ISE10 S9CE 0TO ACT 'HUMANELY'4 4 4 IMPLIES1 AT BE/1 REMA9+ )9 ! BIAS$ P]SPECTIVE ( \R [N SPECIES40  ,:AT IS ! ALT]NATIVE TO ?AT HUMANI/IC BIAS8  0,TO TRANSC5D ?IS 'HUMANE' \TLOOK MEANS 4 4 4 TO BE 'IMP>TIAL1 TO HAVE NO FAVORITES' .<I4E41 NO FAVORITE SPECIES.> 4 4 4 TO RESPECT ALL BE+S & VALUE !IR V>I\S GOODS0 7,A,M1 P4 #a#g#e1 EMPHASIS ADD$74 ,IF ?IS IS NOT AN AFFIRMATION ( BIOC5TRISM--& ITS ATT5DANT ANTIHUMANISM_*,I FAIL TO UND]/& :AT IS4  ,LITTLE WOND] ?AT ,CL>K IS BL9D TO ! >GUM5TS ,I RAIS$ 9 ,RE-,5*ANT+ ,HUMANITY4  ,HE DISPLAYS ALL ! CLASSIC SYMPTOMS ( ! V]Y PA?OLOGY ,I D5\NC$4 

 ,EV5 ?\< ! ,TAO ,TE ,*+ PAT5TLY PRESUPPOSES ! EXI/5CE ( GOV]NM5T1 SOME WRIT]S HAVE TRI$ TO PRES5T ,TAOISM AS A PROTO-AN>*I/ PHILOSOPHY4  ,CL>K TOO HAS TRI$ TO REPRES5T ,TAOISM AS AN>*I/1 9 HIS CASE BY US+ CL]ICAL CASUI/RY4  ,WE >E ADVIS$1 = EXAMPLE1 ?AT UNLIKE MO/ RUL]S1 ,LAO-,TZU'S RUL]-SAGE 0EX]CISES 4 4 4 NON-DOM9AT+ AU?ORITY0 & 0IMPOSES NO?+ ON O!RS1 & REFUSES TO LEGITIMATE HIS OR H] AU?ORITY ?R\< ! EXT]NAL SUPPORTS ( EI!R LAW OR TRADITION0 7,A,M1 P4 #a#h#e74 ,ONLY A FEW L9ES LAT]1 H[EV]1 WE LE>N ?AT ! RUL]-SAGE COMM&S A V]ITABLE APP>ATUS1 9ASMU* AS 0HE CAN APPLY HIS UND]/&+ ( ! ,TAO TO GOV]NM5T0 7,A,M1 P4 #a#h#f74  ,! MEAN+ ( ?IS /ATEM5T W\LD BE CLE> 5\< IF IT APPE>$ 9 ,PLATO'S ,REPUBLIC OR ,>I/OTLE'S ,POLITICS1 NOT TO SPEAK ( ,MA*IAVELLI'S ,PR9CE1 BUT = ,CL>K1 ,LAO-,TZU IS G>B$ 9 A GOLD5 ROBE ?AT R5D]S HIM IMMUNE TO CRITICISM--9CLUD+ ! *>GE ( /ATISM4    

 ,9DE$1 ! READ] :O TAKES ,LAO-,TZU AT HIS WORD IS CONDEMN$ BY ,CL>K AS GUILTY ( 0A RA!R EXTREME LIT]AL-M9D$NESS0 7,A,M1 P4 #a#h#f71 9DE$ AS PETTY-M9D$ = BELIEV+ ?AT 0'RUL+' MU/ ALWAYS MEAN HOLD+ POLITICAL (FICE40  ,N[ ?IS IS REALLY CUTE6  ,DESPITE ALL APPE>ANCES1 :AT ,LAO-,TZU MEANS SEEMS TO BE :AT ,CL>K TELLS US HE MEANS4  ,CL>K'S \TRAGE\S CLAIM TO HAVE ! TRUE UND]/&+ ( A BASICALLY METAPHORICAL TEXT REPLICATES ! AGES-OLD PRIE/LY MANIPULATION ( HOLY BOOKS G5]ALLY1 :ILE ! NOTION ( ! 0RUL] :O DOES NOT RULE0 IS AN 9EFFABLE P>ADOX TYPICAL ( MY/ICISM BUT NOT ( ANY WORLDLY 9/ITUTIONAL >RANGEM5T4    

 ,IF WE W]E TO APPLY ?IS 9EFFABLE MY/ICAL P>ADOX--?AT RUL]S DO NOT NECESS>ILY RULE--TO PRES5T-DAY POLITICS1 WE C\LD EASILY JU/IFY EV]Y K9D ( POLITICAL HYPOCRISY4  ,WE C\LD MAKE A CASE1 = EXAMPLE1 ?AT AN>*I/S C\LD SUPPORT C]TA9 K9DS ( C&IDATES = /ATE (FICE & /ILL REMA9 AN>*I/S 9 GOOD /&+4  ,IF TO RULE IS REALLY NOT TO RULE1 AFT] ALL1 !N :Y %\LD AN>*I/S AB/A9 FROM /ATI/ POLITICS8  ,:Y BE SO 0LIT]AL-M9D$0 EV5 AB\T A PRESID5TIAL C&IDATE8  ,ACTUALLY1 ,CL>K HIMSELF 7:O DECL9$ TO SUPPORT ! ,LEFT ,GRE5S 9 !IR E>LY-#a#i#iS EF=T TO CREATE A LEFT-LIB]T>IAN ,GRE5 MOVEM5T7 IS N[ PLACIDLY M>*+ 9 /EP ) ! HI<LY P>LIAM5T>Y ,U4,S4 ,GRE5S3  9 #aiif HIS ,DELTA ,GRE5S1 RA!R ?AN CRITICIZE ,RALPH ,NAD]'S C&IDACY = ! ,U4,S4 PRESID5CY ON ! ,GRE5 TICKET & ADVANCE A LIB]T>IAN ALT]NATIVE1 WAX$ EFFUSIVELY OV] ,NAD]'S VIRTUES4.<#f#c.>  ,9 ,TAOI/ POLITICS1 TO BE SURE1 ONLY ! LIT]AL-M9D$ W\LD F9D SOME?+ TO REPROA* AB\T AN AN>*I/ CELEBRAT+ ,NAD]4  ,9S(> AS ,TAOISM SMUGGLES /ATISM 9TO AN>*ISM1 H[EV]1 IT CON/ITUTES A SUP]LATIVE JU/IFICATION = ?IS 9CREAS+LY COMMON DEVELOPM5T3  ,IT ALL[S US TO BE ON-AGA91 (F-AGA9 AN>*I/S & SUGGE/ ?AT ! PRESID5CY IS NOT AN EXECUTIVE (FICE 9 A C5TRALIZ$ B\RGEOIS /ATE BUT M]ELY A METAPHOR OR--:O KN[S8--P]HAPS EV5 A WORLDLY ILLUSION4 

 ,LIKE ,PLATO'S ,REPUBLIC1 ! ,TAO ,TE ,*+ CAN EASILY BE READ AS A GUIDE = ! 5LI<T5$ RUL]-SAGE1 :O SITS AT ! P9NACLE ( A VA/ ADM9I/RATIVE MA*9E1 AT LEA/ 9 ,*9ESE HI/ORY1 :]E RUL]S W]E (T5 BAS$ ON VA/1 F>-FLUNG BUREAUCRACIES4  ,:AT DOES ! ,TAO ,TE ,*+ 9/RUCT ! RUL] TO ACTUALLY DO8  ,NOT MU*--A PO9T ?AT HAS PRESUMABLY GIV5 ,TAOISM ITS AN>*I/ FLAVOR4  ,BUT ALAS1 IT IS ONLY A FLAVOR4  ,NOT ONLY DOES ! BOOK HAVE AU?ORIT>IAN UND]P9N+S1 BUT SOME ( 0,MA/] ,LAO'S0 POSITIVE 9/RUCTIONS TO ! RUL]-SAGE >E ANY?+ BUT B5IGN4  ,9DE$1 !Y SMACK ( CRASS1 CYNICAL MANIPULATION3  0,DISC>D WISDOM2 !N ! PEOPLE WILL B5EFIT A HUNDR$FOLD4  ,AB&ON HUMANITY & DISC>D RI<TE\SNESS2 !N ! PEOPLE WILL RETURN TO FILIAL PIETY & DEEP LOVE0 7*AP4 #a#i74  ,! TRUE RUL]-SAGE IS ONE :O KEEPS ! PEOPLE'S 0HE>TS VACU\S1 FILLS !IR BELLIES1 WEAK5S !IR AMBITIONS1 & /R5G!NS !IR BONES4  ,HE ALWAYS CAUSES HIS PEOPLE TO BE )\T KN[L$GE OR DESIRE0 7*AP4 #c74  ,HE 0TREATS !M ALL AS 9FANTS0 7*AP4 #d#i72 HE %\LD NOT 0SEEK TO 5LI<T5 ! PEOPLE BUT TO MAKE !M IGNORANT0 7*AP4 #f#e74  ,IF ?IS IS AN>*ISM1 !N ,I AM OBLIG$ TO ASK1 :AT IS TYRANNY8  

 ,LEA/ ( ALL DOES ! ,TAO ,TE ,*+ ADVISE ! PEOPLE TO /& UP & OV]?R[ ! TYRANNY ( AN UNJU/ RUL]4  ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 IT URGES !M TO SURR5D] TO SITUATIONS ?AT !Y APP>5TLY CANNOT *ANGE4  ,9 ?IS REG>D1 ,CL>K'S CELEBRATION ( ,TAOI/ QUIETISM--NOTABLY1 ITS REJECTION ( 0=MS ( SELF-ASS]TIVE & AGGRESSIVE ACTION0--IS AS DI/URB+ AS IT IS REVEAL+4  ,HE M>VELS AT ! CONCEPT ( 0'NON-ACTION' 7WU-WEI71 ACTIVITY :I* IS 9 ACCORD ) ONE'S [N ,TAO & ) ?OSE ( ALL O!RS0 7,A,M1 P4 #a#g#i74 ,WU-WEI IS1 AMONG O!R ?+S1 A REJECTION ( ! V]Y ASS]TIV5ESS & MILITANCY ?AT ANY REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T DIRELY NE$S4    

 ,HI/ORICALLY1 :E!R !Y FOLL[ WU-WEI OR SOME O!R PRECEPT1 MY/ICS HAVE SELDOM EXHIBIT$ ANY ACTIVE P>TICIPATION 9 WORLDLY AFFAIRS4  ,G5]ALLY !Y T5D1 AS A MATT] ( DOCTR9E1 TO 9T]V5E AS LITTLE AS POSSIBLE 9 AFFAIRS ( ! MUNDANE WORLD1 ! BETT] TO PRES]VE & RETA9 ! PURITY ( !IR MY/ICAL /ATE ( BE+4  ,9 ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES & ,R5AISSANCE1 TO BE SURE1 MANY SUBV]SIVES PRES5T$ !IR DOCTR9ES 9 MY/ICAL =M1 AS DID ,?OMAS ,MUNZ] DID DUR+ ! ,G]MAN ,RE=MATION4  ,BUT ?AT OCCURR$ 9 AN ]A :5 NE>LY ALL POLITICAL & 9TELLECTUAL DISC\RSE WAS CONDUCT$ )9 A RELIGI\S FRAMEWORK4  ,MUNZ] WAS 9 FACT A FURI\S ACTIVI/ & A DECID$LY /RONG BELIEV] 9 >M$ /RUGGLE4  ,NOT SO ) \R ,TAOI/S1 :OSE CONCEPT ( WU-WEI 9/RUCTS !M1 9 G5]AL1 NOT TO ROCK ! BOAT1 NOT TO /RUGGLE1 OR 9 GOOD ,AM]ICAN MY/ICAL J>GON3 TO GO ) ! FL[ 7AL?\< 9 ! ABS5CE ( RATIONAL ANALYSIS1 IT IS DIFFICULT 9DE$ TO DET]M9E :AT ! FL[ IS1 /ILL LESS :]E IT IS FL[+74    

 ,9DE$1 9 ,CL>K'S ,TAOISM /RUGGLE IS BY ITS V]Y NATURE FUTILE3  0,EV5 IF WE 'W91'0 HE W>NS1 P>APHRAS+ ,LAO-,TZU1 0WE >E DEFEAT$1 S9CE WE HAVE CON=M$ TO ! ALI5 VALUES ( ?OSE :OM WE HAVE VANQUI%$0 7,A,M1 P4 #a#g#i74  ,AN EXTRAORD9>Y /ATEM5T1 COM+ FROM AN ALLEG$ AN>*I/6  ,MAKE NO EF=T TO *ANGE ! SOCIAL ORD]1 LE/ Y\ Y\RSELF REPLICATE ITS WOR/ FEATURES6  ,BUT )\T RESI/ANCE & /RUGGLE1 A SOCIAL REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T W\LD SUBSIDE 9TO QUIESC5CE4  ,NO WOND]1 9 0,BOOK*9 ,AGONI/ES10 ?AT ,CL>K PORTRAYS ME AS 0PUGILI/IC40  ,BY ! /&>DS ( ,TAOISM1 ANYONE ) ANY SPIRIT ( RESI/ANCE TO ! SOCIAL ORD] W\LD BE PUGILI/IC1 OR WORSE4  

 ,?AT MY/ICISM 9 A POLITICAL MOVEM5T T5DS TO HAVE A DEPOLITICIZ+ EFFECT IS ILLU/RAT$ V]Y CLE>LY BY ,CL>K'S [N REC5T /ATEM5T3  0,WE NE$ A SPIRITUAL REVOLUTION MORE ?AN A POLITICAL PLAT=M40.<#f#d.>  ,?IS REM>K'S UNMI/AKABLE DISDA9 = AN ACTIVE1 PROGRAMMATIC POLITICS1 9 FAVOR ( AN 9W>D FOCUS1 CAN BE REG>D$ AS A SURE RECIPE = ! TRIUMPH ( ! PRES5T SOCIAL ORD] OV] ANY POT5TIAL RESI/ANCE4   

 ,! SAME CAN BE SAID ( ,CL>K'S RECOMM5DATIONS ?AT >T %\LD BECOME A SUB/ITUTE = POLITICS4  0,LET ! NEXT ,GA!R+ ( ! ,GRE5S CONDUCT ALL ITS BUS9ESS 9 POETRY10 HE HAS DECLAIM$4.<#f#e.>  ,:AT A LOVELY ?\<T6  ,P]HAPS :5 A MEET+ NE>S ! PO9T :]E IT MI<T ACTUALLY DECIDE TO DO SOME?+ POLITICAL1 ! P>TICIPANTS %\LD PAUSE TO CONTEMPLATE ! ,TAO & READ POEMS TO ONE ANO!R 7AS1 ,I AM TOLD1 ,CL>K DID AT A SOCIAL ECOLOGY CONF]5CE 9 ,SCOTL& SEV]AL YE>S AGO74  ,! MY? ( >TI/IC VANGU>DISM1 ,I %\LD NOTE1 DI$ ) ,DADA & SURREALISM SOME TWO G5]ATIONS AGO & ) ! CULTURAL 09SURRECTIONS0 ( ! #a#i#fS1 :5 OPPOSITIONAL >T WAS ADOPT$ BY ADV]TIS+ AG5CIES & FA%ION DESIGN]S TO SATISFY ! 0NAU<TY0 TA/ES ( ! MIDDLE CLASSES4  

 ,CL>K'S ADVICE AGA9/ /RUGGLE 70,EV5 IF WE 'W91' WE >E DEFEAT$07 IS 9 FULL ACCORD ) ,TAOI/ PHILOSOPHY G5]ALLY1 :I* HOLDS1 AS ,>?UR ,C4 ,DANTO PO9TS \T 9 HIS CRITIQUE ( ,ASIAN PHILOSOPHIES1 ?AT 0IF WE /RUGGLE WE >E LO/ ALREADY4 4 4 4  

 ,WE \<T NOT TO TRY TO IMPOSE \R WILL UPON ! WORLD2 ?IS IS GO+ AGA9/ ! GRA91 H5CE A =MULA = FRU/RATION1 DI%>MONY1 & UNHAPP9ESS4 4 4 4 ,! ABS5CE ( /RUGGLE EM]GES AS ! SIGN ( BE+ RI<TLY 9 ! WORLD4 4 4 4 ,:AT ! ,TAO ,TE ,*+ IS URG+1 F9ALLY1 IS ! LOSS ( ! SELF4  ,IF !RE IS AN 9JUNCTION1 IT IS TO F9D ! WAY ! WORLD WANTS TO GO & !N TO TAKE ?AT WAY ONESELF4.<#f#f.>  

 ,9 POLITICAL T]MS1 ?IS AVOIDANCE ( 0GO+ AGA9/ ! GRA90 ESS5TIALLY MEANS ACCEPT+ ! EXI/+ SOCIAL & POLITICAL ORD]1 9DE$ ACCOMMODAT+ ONESELF TO IT2 9 %ORT1 0,! ,WAY0 ?AT ! ,TAO PROMISES IS A PA? TO SOCIAL & POLITICAL SURR5D]4 

 ,9 T&EM ) HIS P5*ANT = CAPITULATION1 ! ,LAO-,TZU ( ,NEW ,ORLEANS PLACES A HI< PREMIUM ON ! CULTIVATION ( *ILDLIKE P]SONAL QUALITIES3 0JU/ AS 9 NATURE ! S(TE/ & WEAKE/ ?+1 WAT]1 CAN OV]COME ! H>DE/ OB/ACLE1 SO S(TNESS & WEAKNESS >E ! MO/ EFFECTIVE QUALITIES 9 P]SONAL DEVELOPM5T0 7,A,M1 P4 #a#h#a74 ,CL>K'S ,TAOISM ?US CATAPULTS US BACK TO ! REGRESSIVE BELIEF ?AT TRU? LIES NOT 9 RATIONAL DISCOV]Y BUT 9 DIV9E RECOV]Y ( A LO/ 9FANTILE /AGE :5 ALL WAS  9NOC5CE--& IGNORANCE4    

 ,CL>K'S >GUM5TS1 LIKE ?OSE ( MANY AN>*O-,TAOI/S1 ADVISE US TO RETURN TO ! WISDOM ( ! MY?IC 7:I*1 ,I SUBMIT1 IS REALLY ! FE>FULLY SUP]/ITI\S7 & TO ! *?ONIC WORLD ( ! MY/]IES 7:I* IS REALLY :]E M5 & WOM5 LIVE ON ! LOTUS PLANT1 9 BLISSFUL IGNORANCE ( ! WORLD >\ND !M74  ,! ,TAO ,TE ,*+ CA/S ?IS IGNORANCE AS A SECRET KN[L$GE ?AT PRODUCES PEACE ( M9D1 :5 9 FACT IT IS A CASE ( M9DLESSNESS YIELD+ PASSIVITY--A /ATE ( M9DLESSNESS ?AT PLAYS DIRECTLY 9TO ! H&S ( ! RUL+ CLASSES4    

 ,! ,TAOI/ MAXIM ( 0NON-ACTION0 IS ALSO V]Y USEFUL TO ?OSE :O W\LD PURSUE A PR(ESSIONAL C>E] AS1 LET'S SAY1 A PHILOSOPHY PR(ESSOR4  ,IT PROVIDES A SUP]B RATIONALE = BR++ ONE'S SELF 9TO BLISSFUL CON=MITY ) ! V]Y REAL 0L>G] SELF0 COMPOS$ ( ONE'S ACADEMIC PE]S & A /ATE ( M9D ?AT1 BY ACCEPT+ ! PREVAIL+ ,SELFHOOD1 IS CONDUCIVE TO ACADEMIC ADVANCEM5T4 ,LET US BE FRANK AB\T ! FACT ?AT DEEP ECOLOGY IS NOT A DISSID5T ECOLOGICAL \TLOOK2 IT IS BECOM+ WIDELY ACCEPT$ BY ! ACADEMIC 5VIRONM5TAL /UDIES E/ABLI%M5T4  ,NOT SURPRIS+LY1 9 0,BOOK*9 ,AGONI/ES10 ,CL>K FALLS 9 ) ! NOTION ?AT ,I W\LD BE BURI$ 9 ! OBLIVION ( OBSCURITY IF ,I HAD NOT ASSAIL$ DEEP ECOLOGY--A P>TICUL>LY ODI\S WAY ( CIRCUMV5T+ CRITICISM1 & ONE ?AT CONTRADICTS ! HI/ORY ( ! ECOLOGY MOVEM5T4.<#f#g.>  ,& ?IS CRITICISM1 LET IT BE EMPHASIZ$1 COMES FROM AN 0AN>*I/10 :O %\LD BE CELEBRAT+ HIS M>G9ALITY 9 AN ]A ( CULTURAL C\NT]REVOLUTION1 :]E SUCCESS IS A GREAT 9DICATOR ( CAPITULATION TO ! /ATUS QUO4  

 ,ONE ASPECT ( ,CL>K ?AT BECOMES EVID5T1 FROM ! NATURE ( HIS 9SULTS1 IS HIS P$E/RIAN1 9DE$ SOLID B\RGEOIS REV]5CE = ACADEMIC CR$5TIALS4 ,?IS VACU\S P$ANT ACCUSES ME ( BE+ AN 0AUTODIDACT10 0AN AMATEUR10 & AN 0UND]GRADUATE0-- AV+ HIS ,PH4,D4 9 MY FACE6--AS ?\<1 ) QUALIFICATIONS 9V5T$ BY ! B\RGEOISIE1 HIS ELITI/ PE]S HAVE BE/[$ A SUP]IOR /ATUS UPON HIM4  ,BY ! SAME TOK51 HE DEF5DS ,DAWK9S & ,WILSON AGA9/ ME1 :O HAVE1 AMONG O!R ?+S1 A 0SCI5TIFIC BACKGR\ND0 7,B,A1 PP4 #b-#b#a7--NO LESS6  ,?AT SETTLES EV]Y?+4  ,9 ,RE- N*ANT+ ,HUMANITY ,I WAS CRITICIZ+ ! REGRESSIVE SOCIAL CONSEQU5CES ( !IR SCI5TIFIC IDEAS1 NOT CA/+ ASP]SIONS ON !IR SCI5TIFIC ME?ODOLOGY4  ,BUT = ,CL>K1 APP>5TLY1 EV5 ON SU* GR\NDS1 ONE MU/ HAVE A 0SCI5TIFIC BACKGR\ND0 9 ORD] TO 0REPLY COH]5TLY0 TO SCI5TI/S1 :O >E APP>5TLY IMMUNE TO CRITICISM FROM ALL BUT !IR FELL[ SCI5TI/S4    

 ,?IS LITTLE PR(ESSOR IS A BLOOM+ ELITI/6  ,9DE$1 9 ! SPR+ ( #a#i#i#d1 :5 ,PAULA ,EM]Y1 A MEMB] ( ! CURRICULUM COMMITTEE ( ! ,9/ITUTE = ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY1 VISIT$ ,CL>K 9 ,NEW ,ORLEANS1 %E RAIS$ ! TR\BL+ SUBJECT ( HIS DIS-9VITATION & TRI$ TO EXPLA9 ! DECISION TO HIM4  ,HE FLEW 9TO A RAGE--& CALL$ H] A 0PEON06  ,AS ,EM]Y LAT] WROTE TO ME3  9 ,CL>K'S EYES1 0BECAUSE ,I AM Y\NG1 BECAUSE ,I AM FEMALE1 BECAUSE ,I AM NOT ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 OR ,DAN ,*ODORK(F1 OR SOME ,MAN ) A ,NAME 9 ! ,ECOLOGY ,MOVEM5T1 ,I AM A PEON40.<#f#h.>    

 ,I MU/ N[ ASSUME ?AT SOCIAL ?9K]S MU/ BE EQUIPP$ ) ,PH4,D4'S BE=E !IR IDEAS MAY GA9 CR$5CE ) ,CL>K4  ,BY ?IS CRIT]ION1 H[EV]1 A WIDE RANGE ( SOCIAL ?9K]S1 9CLUD+ ,LEWIS ,MUM=D1.<#f#i.> W\LD BE S5T TO P]DITION1 NOT TO SPEAK ( ,D>W91 ,F>ADAY1 & MANY O!RS :O LAID ! BASIS = MOD]N SCI5CE4  ,& IF 0PEONS0 TOO >E TO BE EXCLUD$ FROM ! REALM ( SOCIAL ACTION1 !N WE MU/ DISC>D ! ,ZAPATI/AS--BO? ( ! ,MEXICAN ,REVOLUTION & ( ! REC5T ,*IAPAS UPRIS+4  

 ,! REMA9D] ( ,CL>K_/,CAF>D'S CRITICISMS ( ME 9 0,BOOK*9 ,AGONI/ES0 >E TOO MEAN-SPIRIT$ & TRIVIAL TO BE DIGNIFI$ ) A REPLY4  ,MA9LY CALCULAT$ TO PRODUCE *ORTLES AMONG ! DEEP ECOLOGY CR[D & VALIDATE1 BY %E] MALICE1 ,CL>K'S RETURN TO ! FOLD ( HIS PE]S1 !Y REVEAL ! EXTREME PETT9ESS ( ,DOCTOR ,PR(ESSOR ,CL>K & DEMON/RATE ?AT NOT EV5 A ,PH4,D4 CAN MAKE A PHILOSOPH] \T ( A P$E/RIAN ?9K]4.<#g.>  

 ,!RE IS ONE ISSUE1 H[EV]1 ?AT ,I F9D SO (F5SIVE & SO \TRAGE\SLY FALSE ?AT ,I FEEL OBLIG$ TO EXAM9E IT 9 SOME DETAIL4  ,ON O!R OCCASIONS ,I HAVE NOT$ ?AT ,I WITNESS$ /REET /RUGGLES 9 ,P>IS BETWE5 ! ,FR5* POLICE 7! ,C,R,S7 & RADICAL PROTE/]S 9 MID-,JULY #a#i#f#h4  ,! FACTS >E ?AT ,I FLEW 9TO ! ,FR5* CAPITAL ON ,JULY#a#c--! G5]AL /RIKE DUR+ ,MAY & ,JUNE HAD P>ALYZ$ ,AIR ,FRANCE1 MAK+ E>LI] TRAVEL TO ,P>IS IMPOSSIBLE4  ,:51 AT  L5G?1 ,I MANAG$ TO GET A RES]VATION1 IT WAS = A ,JULY #ac FLI<T4 ,ACCOMPANY+ ME ON ?IS TRIP W]E MY TWO *ILDR5 & MY EX- IFE1 ,BEATRICE4    

 ,N[ ,CL>K_/,CAF>D WORMS HIS WAY 9TO ! MATT]1 SNE]+3 

 ,IF WE READ C>EFULLY1 WE 4 4 4 DISCOV] ?AT .<,BOOK*9'S.> FIR/-H& EXP]I5CE ( ,MAY '#f#h CAME1 UN=TUNATELY1 9 ! MON? ( ,JULY4  ,HE REVEALS ?AT HE MADE A 0L5G?Y0 VISIT TO ,P>IS 09 MID-,JULY .<SIC.> #a#i#f#h1 :5 /REET-FI<T+ OCCURR$ ?R\<\T ! CAPITAL ON ! EV5+ BE=E ,BA/ILLE DAY0 7P4 #b#b74 ,BOOK*9 IS OBVI\SLY TRY+ TO CONVEY ! IMPRESSION ?AT HE WAS 9 ! MID/ ( ?+S DUR+ ! HI/ORIC 0EV5TS0 ( #a#i#f#h4  ,BUT AS ONE HI/ORY SUMM>IZES ! EV5TS AFT] ! ,JUNE #bc ELECTIONS1 0,FRANCE CLOSES D[N = ! SUMM] HOLIDAYS0 7,B,A1 P4 #b#c74  

,BY NO MEANS DOES ONE HAVE TO LOOK 0C>EFULLY40 AS ,CL>K PUTS IT1 AT ANY?+ ,I WROTE AB\T MY EXP]I5CES ON ,JULY #a#c2 ,I DAT$ !M V]Y EXPLICITLY4  ,HAD ,I BE5 GUID$ BY LESS MORAL /&>DS1 ,I C\LD HAVE LI$ QUITE BRAZ5LY & DAT$ MY ,P>ISIAN TRIP TO1 SAY1 ,MAY #a#b--& NO ONE W\LD HAVE BE5 AW>E ( ! FALSEHOOD4 

 ,9 FACT1 :5 MY FAMILY & ,I >RIV$ 9 ,P>IS ON ,JULY #a#c1 ! SITUATION ON ! ,LEFT ,BANK WAS SO VOLATILE ?AT WE HAD DIFFICULTY GETT+ ?R\< ! ,C,R,S CORDONS TO REA* \R P5SION3 ! MAJOR /REETS W]E FILL$ ) ZIGZAGG+ BUSSES ( MOBILE ,C,R,S1 DRESS$ 9 FULL RIOT GE>4  ,KNOTS ( PROTE/]S CLU/]$ ALMO/ EV]Y:]E1 SC[L+ & HURL+ IRONIC GIBES AT ! ,C,R,S M5 & ! ,P>ISIAN FLICS4  

 ,EXHAU/$ BY MY TRANSATLANTIC J\RNEY1 ,I WAS RE/+ 9 ! P5SION ?AT AFT]NOON :5 ,BEA & MY DAU<T]1 ,DEBBIE1 RU%$ 9 & TOLD ME ?AT FURI\S FI<T+ WAS TAK+ PLACE ALONG ! ,B\LEV>D ,/4-,MI*EL4  ,! ,C,R,S1 !Y SAID1 HAD BE5 WILDLY %OOT+ (F TE> GAS CANI/]S AT ALL & SUNDRY2 9 FACT1 ,BEA1 ,DEBBIE1 & MY SON ,JOE HAD HAD TO TURN TO SOLICIT\S DEMON/RATORS = PROTECTION4  ,I QUICKLY ACCOMPANI$ ,BEA BACK TO ! ,B\LEV>D1 BUT ! FI<T+ HAD ESS5TIALLY SUBSID$4  ,A FEW SCATT]$ ,C,R,S =AYS DISP]S$ ! REMA9+ DEMON/RATORS1 & AT TIMES WE W]E OBLIG$ TO TAKE REFUGE 9 %OPS ALONG ! ,B\LEV>D4 

 ,LAT]1 9 ! EV5+1 ,I ATT5D$ A NEI<BORHOOD P>TY ?AT CONT9U$ UNTIL MIDNI<T4 ,AFT] ! FE/IVITIES 5D$1 ,BEA & ,I FOLL[$ A GR\P ( Y\NG M5--PROBABLY /UD5TS :O HAD DECID$ NOT TO GO ON !IR SUMM] VACATION 7IT DOES HAPP51 Y\ KN[7 AS ,CL>K'S 0HI/ORY0 PRESCRIBES--C>RY+ A R$ FLAG & S++ ! 0,9T]NATIONALE0 & M>*+ TO ! ,B\LEV>D ,/4-,MI*EL4  ,NO SOON] DID WE REA* ! ,B\LEV>D ?AN WE SAW L>GE NUMB]S ( ,C,R,S M5 RAG+ UP & D[N ! AV5UE1 ALT]NATELY ATTACK+ & )DRAW+ FROM ! CR[DS ?AT FILL$ ! ,B\LEV>D4  ,CAU<T UP AMONG A GR\P ( ,AFRICANS1 :O SEEM$ TO BE SPECIAL T>GETS ( ! RACI/ ,C,R,S M51 ,BEA & ,I W]E ATTACK$ ) ESPECIAL FURY & HAD TO SCATT] UP T[>D ! ,PAN!ON1 :]E WE F9ALLY ESCAP$ \R PURSU]S4   

 ,ALAS = ,CL>K_/,CAF>D1 ,I HAVE MORE ?AN AN ORAL TRADITION TO V]IFY !SE EV5TS4  ,QUITE TO ! CONTR>Y ( HIS UNNAM$ 0FRI5DS0 :O DEPICT A PLACID ,P>IS3 NOT ONLY WAS !RE /REET FI<T+ 9 ,P>IS ON ,JULY #a#c1 BUT IT WAS FEATUR$ ON ! FRONT PAGE ( ,! ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES ! NEXT MORN+4  ,I HAD ?\<T ?AT ! ,TIMES W\LD BURY ITS /ORY ON ! BACK PAGES ( ! PAP]1 BUT ! FACT ?AT ! /ORY IS PROM95TLY FEATUR$ON ! FRONT PAGE UND] ! DISCONC]T+ HEADL9E 0,DE ,GAULLE ,9SI/S ON ,PUBLIC ,ORD]40  ,! ,MAY-,JUNE REVOLT WAS NOT DEAD1 EV5 9 MID-,JULY4  ,JOHN ,L4 ,HESS1 :O REPORT$ ON ! FI<T+ HE SAW AT ! ,PLACE DE LA ,BA/ILLE1 NOT$3  

 ,AS IF TO UND]SCORE .<,DE ,GAULLE'S.> W>N+1 RIOT POLICEM5 CLA%$ TONI<T ) SEV]AL HUNDR$ Y\?S C>RY+ BLACK & R$ FLAGS & SNAKE-DANC+ ?R\< ! ,PLACE DE LA ,BA/ILLE DUR+ CELEBRATIONS ON ! EVE ( ,BA/ILLE ,DAY4 ,SEV]AL Y\?S W]E SLI<TLY 9JUR$4  ,US+ TE> GAS1 ! POLICE CLE>$ ! SQU>E ( ?\S&S ( 9T]M+L$ CELEBRATORS & DEMON/RATORS1 SOME ( :OM ?REW PAV+ /ONES4.<#g#a.>  

 ,S9CE ,CL>K OBS]V$ SO V]Y LITTLE 9 ,P>IS DUR+ HIS [N VISIT TO ?AT *>M+ CITY 9 0LATE ,JULY10 ,I AM OBLIG$ TO WOND] :AT HIS [N MOTIVES W]E 9 TRAVEL+ TO ! ,FR5* CAPITAL4  ,WAS IT TO /ROLL ?R\< ! ,L\V]8  ,OR TO D9E ALONG ! ,*AMPS ,ELYSEES8  ,TO IMPROVE HIS ,FR5*8   

 ,! ,FUTURE ( ,AN>*ISM 

 ,WILL AN>*ISM BE A REVOLUTION>Y T5D5CY )9 ! BROAD REALM ( SOCIALISM--! MO/ REVOLUTION>Y T5D5CY1 AS ,KROPOTK9 HOP$--OR WILL IT BE DEVITALIZ$ BY TE*NOPHOBIC PRIMITIVISM & ,TAOI/ QUIETISM8  ,WILL IT BE A COH]5T !ORY CAPABLE ( PROVID+ A FUTURE SOCIAL UPSURGE ) A VIABLE DIRECTION8  ,OR WILL IT CONSI/ ( A PA/I*E ( UNF9I%$1 REACTION>Y IDEAS1 ( ! K9D ?AT ! ,WATSONS & ,CL>KS S]VE UP8  ,WILL IT BECOME A WELL-ORGANIZ$ MOVEM5T1 COMPOS$ ( RESPONSIBLE & COMMITT$ SUPPORT]S8  ,OR WILL IT DISSOLVE 9TO P]SONALI/IC1 GOSSIPY 5C\NT] GR\PS & A JUV5ILE CLUTT] ( 0P]SONAL 9SURRECTIONS0 ?AT CONSI/ ( (F5SIVE BEHAVIOR1 FRUITLESS RIOTS1 & \TRE /YLES ( DRESS & DEMEANOR--AS WELL AS1 9 SOME CASES1 SOCIOPA?IC 0ACTIONS0 & B>EFAC$ CRIM9ALITY1 MASK$ ) CLAIMS ?AT ONE IS AN AN>*I/ & IS !RE=E FREE TO DO :ATEV] ONE *OOSES8  

 ,IT WAS !SE QUE/IONS ?AT IMPELL$ ME TO WRITE ,SOCIAL ,AN>*ISM OR ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*ISM4  ,! RESPONSE ,I RECEIV$ FROM ! AN>*I/ PRESS 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES-- OTABLY1 ,AN>*Y 7:I* PUBLI%$ ,BOB ,BLACK'S DIATRIBE7 & ,FIF? ,E/ATE 7:I* PRODUC$ ,WATSON'S ,BEYOND ,BOOK*9 & ,CL>K'S 0,BOOK*9 ,AGONI/ES071 AS WELL AS LESS] P]IODICALS & PUBLI%]S 79CLUD+ ! ECO-,M>XI/ J\RNAL ,CAPITALISM ,NATURE ,SOCIALISM1 :I* PUBLI%$ ,JOEL ,KOVEL'S 0,NEGAT+ ,BOOK*910 A PSY*OLOGI/IC ATTEMPT TO EXPLA9 MY DISAGREEM5TS ) ,M>XISM PRIM>ILY AS A COMPETITION ) ! ,MA/] = P]SONAL RECOGNITION7-->E REM>KABLY LACK+ 9 SOCIAL P]SPECTIVE & !REBY BE> \T ! VALIDITY ( ! >GUM5T ,I MADE 9 ,S,A,L,A4.<#g#b.>  

 ,AT ! P]IL ( BECOM+ MUNDANE1 ALL[ ME TO PO9T \T ?AT CAPITALISM IS A SY/EM ( 9CR$IBLE DYNAMISM ?AT IS NOT ONLY BECOM+ GLOBAL BUT IS P5ETRAT+ EV]Y PORE ( SOCIETY4  ,ITS COMMODITY RELATION%IPS >E P]COLAT+ FROM ! ECONOMIC REALM EV] F>!R 9TO ! PRIVATE DOMA9S ( ! KIT*51 B$ROOM1 & BA?ROOM--AS WELL AS 9TO ! COMMUNITY DOMA9S ( NEI<BORHOOD1 CITY1 & REGION4  ,CAPITALISM IS COM+ CLOS] TO BE+ AN ALL-EMBRAC+ SOCIAL SY/EM ?AN EV] BE=E 9 ITS HI/ORY4  ,IT IS DO+ SO NOT BECAUSE ( SOME AB/RACT TE*NOLOGICAL IMP]ATIVE OR DOM9E]+ S5SIBILITY 7AL?\< BO? SURELY FACILITATE ! PROCESS7 BUT ABOVE ALL BECAUSE ! DEEP-SEAT$ IMP]ATIVES ( CAPITAL ACCUMULATION ?AT >E G5]AT$ BY M>KETPLACE COMPETITION DRIVE IT UNREL5T+LY TO EXT5D & MAXIMIZE ITS WORLDWIDE \TREA* = RES\RCES & PR(ITS4    

 ,?IS SY/EM CANNOT BE 5D$ )\T CONFLICT3  9DE$1 ! B\RGEOISIE WILL CATEGORICALLY NOT GIVE UP ITS PRIVILEGES & CONTROL OV] SOCIAL LIFE )\T A RU?LESS /RUGGLE4  ,:AT CAN BE SAID ) C]TA9TY IS ?AT IT WILL NOT BE OV]?R[N BY ADOPT+ A QUIETI/IC MY/ICISM1 OR BY M9DLESS D5UNCIATIONS ( 0CIVILIZATION 9 BULK0 & TE*NOLOGY4  ,NOR WILL IT BE OV]?R[N BY ! CREATION ( ,TEMPOR>Y ,AUTONOM\S ,ZONES1 OR BY 0CLOS+0 D[N A GOV]NM5T OR COMM]CIAL C5T] = A FEW H\RS OR EV5 A DAY1 OR BY R\T9E TUSSLES ) ! POLICE1 OR BY HAV+ A /REET FE/IVAL ) BLACK FLAGS DRAP$ FROM LAMPPO/S4 ,IT WILL NOT BE OV]?R[N BY ,HAKIM ,BEY-ESQUE 0HAPP5+S10 OR BY POETIC EFFUSIONS ON 0SURREGIONALISM40   

 ,?OSE :O WI% TO OV]?R[ ?IS VA/ SY/EM WILL REQUIRE ! MO/ C>EFUL /RATEGIC JUDGM5T1 ! MO/ PR(\ND !ORETICAL UND]/&+1 & ! MO/ D$ICAT$ & P]SI/5T ORGANIZ$ REVOLUTION>Y GR\PS TO EV5 %AKE ! DEEPLY 5TR5*$ B\RGEOIS SOCIAL ORD]4  ,!Y WILL NE$ NO?+ LESS ?AN A REVOLUTION>Y LIB]T>IAN SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T1 A WELL-ORGANIZ$ & 9/ITUTIONALIZ$ 5DEAVOR L$ BY KN[L$GEABLE & RESOLUTE PEOPLE :O WILL FOM5T MASS RESI/ANCE & REVOLUTION1 ADVANCE A COH]5T PROGRAM1 & UNITE !IR GR\PS 9 A VISIBLE & ID5TIFIABLE CONF$]ATION4  

 ,9 #a#i#a#i1 AMID ! COLLAPSE ( ! ,G]MAN ,REI* AT ! 5D ( ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD ,W> & ! E/ABLI%M5T ( A ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC GOV]NM5T1 V>I\S ,G]MAN LEFTI/S 9 ,B]L9 & ELSE:]E ATTEMPT$ TO DRIVE ,G]MAN POLITICS1 :I* W]E !N /ILL 9 DIS>RAY1 FUR!R TO ! LEFT & COMPLETE ! ,NOVEMB] #aiah ,REVOLUTION 9 ORD] TO CREATE A COMMUNI/ SOCIAL ORD]4  ,IT WAS A TIME :5 HI/ORY HELD ITS BREA?_*:51 9DE$1 ! FUTURE ( ! 5TIRE C5TURY HUNG 9 ! BALANCE4  ,! ,G]MAN ,REVOLUTION ( #a#i#a#h-#a#i WAS A DISA/R\S FAILURE4  ,BUT ITS LESSONS >E 9 MANY RESPECTS MORE 9/RUCTIVE = AN>*I/S & REVOLUTION>Y SOCIALI/S ?AN EV5 ?OSE ( ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION1 :I* WAS PROBABLY DOOM$ ONCE MAJOR ,EUROPEAN P[]S BEGAN TO P>TICIPATE 9 ITS CIVIL W> 9 ! AUTUMN ( #aicf & ! 9T]NATIONAL WORK+ CLASS PA!TICALLY FAIL$ TO COME TO ITS AID4    

 ,! EV5TS ?AT *>ACT]IZE ! ,G]MAN ,REVOLUTION >E AN (T5-CONFUS+ WELT]1 BUT 9 ,JANU>Y #aiai S]I\S REVOLUTION>IES FAC$ A BRIEF BUT DECISIVE P]IOD4  ,! C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC GOV]NM5T UND] ,EB]T1 ,S*EIDEMANN1 & ,NOSKE TRI$ TO REMOVE ! RADICAL ,9DEP5D5T ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC POLICE *IEF1 ,EMIL ,EI*HORN1 FROM HIS PO/4  ,9 RESPONSE1 ! CITY'S LEFTI/ ORGANIZATIONS--! ,9DEP5D5TS ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS1 ! PRE-,L59I/ ,COMMUNI/S >\ND ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG & ,K>L ,LIEBKNE*T1 & ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,%OP ,/EW>DS--DI/RIBUT$ LEAFLETS D5\NC+ ! MOVE & CALL+ = A PROTE/ RALLY4  ,ON ,SUNDAY1 ,JANU>Y #e1 #a#i#a#i1 TO EV]YONE'S A/ONI%M5T1 #b1 WORK]S CAME 9TO ! /REETS & SQU>ES ( ,B]L91 FROM 0! /ATUE ( ,ROL& TO ! /ATUE ( ,VICTORY 4 4 4 RI<T 9TO ! ,TI]G>T510 AS ,DIE ,ROTE ,FAHNE 7,! ,R$ ,FLAG71 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY'S ORGAN1 REPORT$ 9 A RETROSPECTIVE ACC\NT A YE> LAT]4  ,!Y W]E >M$ ) RIFLES1 & ) LI<T & HEAVY MA*9E GUNS1 READY TO FI<T = ! RET5TION ( ,EI*HORN &1 V]Y PROBABLY1 TO REPLACE ! C\NT]REVOLUTION>Y ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS ) A 0,WORK]S' & ,SOLDI]S' ,C\NCIL ,REPUBLIC40  

 ,!Y >E CORRECTLY DESCRIB$ AS POT5TIALLY ! GREATE/ PROLET>IAN >MY HI/ORY HAD EV] SE51 & !Y W]E 9 A BELLIG]5T1 9DE$ REVOLUTION>Y MOOD4  ,!Y WAIT$ EXPECTANTLY 9 ! SQU>ES & /REETS = !IR LEAD]S--:O HAD CALL$ ! MOBILIZATION--TO GIVE !M ! SIGNAL TO MOVE4 ,NONE WAS =?COM+4  ,?R\<\T ! 5TIRE DAY1 :ILE ?IS HUGE PROLET>IAN >MY WAIT$ = TACTICAL GUIDANCE1 ! 9DECISIVE LEAD]S DEBAT$ AMONG !MSELVES4  ,F9ALLY EV5+ APPROA*$1 & ! MASSES ( >M$ PROLET>IANS DRIFT$ HOME1 HUNGRY & DISAPPO9T$4  

 ,! NEXT DAY1 A ,MONDAY1 ANO!R APPEAL TO TAKE TO ! /REETS WAS DI/RIBUT$ AMONG ! WORK]S1 & ! SAME NUM]ICALLY HUGE MASS ( >M$ WORK]S REAPPE>$1 ONCE AGA9 READY = AN UPRIS+4  ,!IR DEMON/RATION WAS COMP>ABLE 9 ITS POT5TIAL REVOLUTION>Y =CE TO ! ONE ?AT HAD ASSEMBL$ ON ! PREVI\S DAY--BUT ! LEAD]S /ILL BEHAV$ 9DECISIVELY1 /ILL DEBAT+ !IR C\RSE ( ACTION )\T COM+ TO ANY DEF9ITIVE DECISION4  ,BY NI<TFALL1 AFT] WAIT+ ?R\<\T ! DAY 9 A COLD FOG & /EADY RA91 ! CR[D DISP]S$ AGA91 NEV] TO RETURN4  

 ,AT ! TIME ( !SE TWO MASS MOBILIZATIONS1 9 E>LY ,JANU>Y1 ! C\NT]REVOLUTION /ILL LACK$ ! EFFECTIVE MILIT>Y =CE IT NE$$ TO SUPPRESS AN UPRIS+4  ,) !SE FEW DAYS ( GRACE1 H[EV]1 IT MANAG$ TO MU/] SUFFICI5T =CES TO GA9 CONTROL ( ,B]L9 & PUT D[N ! SO-CALL$ ,SP>TAKUS 7,COMMUNI/7 UPRIS+ ?AT LAT] L$ TO ! MURD]S ( ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG & ,K>L ,LIEBKNE*T4   

 ,HAD ! LEAD]S BE5 UNIFI$ & DECISIVE2 HAD !Y GIV5 ! SIGNAL TO UNSEAT ! GOV]NM5T1 ! WORK]S MI<T WELL HAVE SUCCE$$ 9 TAK+ OV] ,B]L94 ,W\LD ! CAPITAL HAVE REMA9$ ISOLAT$ FROM ,G]MANY AS A :OLE1 OR W\LD SUCCESSFUL UPRIS+S HAVE FOLL[$ 9 KEY CITIES ?R\<\T ,G]MANY AS WELL8 ,WE WILL NEV] KN[3  ) ! FAILURE ( ! ,9DEP5D5TS1 ,SP>TAKUS1 & ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,%OP ,/EW>DS TO UNSEAT ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC GOV]NM5T1 ! VALIDITY ( !SE V>I\S SPECULATIONS W]E NEV] TE/$4  ,:AT IS CLE>1 H[EV]1 IS ?AT A REVOLUTION>Y POSSIBILITY ( HI/ORIC PROPORTIONS WAS SQU&]$ = LACK ( ORGANIZATION & DECISIV5ESS4  ,9 ! E/IMATION ( MANY HI/ORIANS1 ! ,G]MAN ,REVOLUTION CAME TO AN 5D ON ,JANU>Y #f1 #a#i#a#i1 :5 ! LA/ ( ! TWO WORK+-CLASS MOBILIZATIONS MELT$ AWAY--& = ! RE/ ( ! C5TURY1 ! WORLD AS WELL AS ,G]MANY HAD TO LIVE ) ! GRIM CONSEQU5CES ( ?IS FAILURE4    

 ,! EV5TS ( ,JANU>Y #aiai 9 ,G]MANY1 REMOTE AS !Y >E1 HAUNT ME BECAUSE ,I CANNOT HELP BUT WOND] :AT TODAY'S AN>*I/S W\LD HAVE DONE 9 A SIMIL> SITUATION4  ,W\LD !Y HAVE HAD AN ORGANIZATION READY & ABLE TO PLAY A SIGNIFICANT ROLE 9 MOV+ GREAT MASSES ( WORK]S 9 A REVOLUTION AGA9/ ! ,MAJORITY ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC GOV]NM5T8  ,W\LD !Y HAVE BE5 ABLE TO MOBILIZE =CES /RONG 5\< TO DEFEAT ! ,FREE ,CORPS1 ! P>AMILIT>Y UNITS ?AT ! ,MAJORITY ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS1 ESPECIALLY ,NOSKE1 W]E ORGANIZ+ AGA9/ !M1 :ILE ! DISORGANIZ$ & 9DECISIVE REVOLUTION>Y LEAD]S BICK]$1 DELAY$1 & ACT$ LATE & IRRESOLUTELY8  

 ,9 ! GREAT REVOLUTIONS ( HI/ORY1 ! FIR/ DEM& ?AT ! MASSES MADE ( !IR LEAD]S WAS RESPONSIBILITY--NOT LEA/ ! POT5TIALLY 9SURRECTION>Y ,G]MANS1 :O DEM&$ ORD] & PURPOSIV5ESS AS EVID5CE ( S]I\SNESS4  ,HAD TODAY'S LIFE/YLE AN>*I/S BE5 ON ! SC5E 9 #a#i#a#i1 ,I CAN ONLY SUPPOSE ?AT !IR POSITION--OR LACK ( ONE--W\LD HAVE HELP$ TO SEAL ! DOOM ( ! ,G]MAN ,REVOLUTION BY EXCLUD+ DECISIVE ORGANIZ$ ACTION4  ,AS ,I WROTE 9 ,S,A,L,A1 MANY ( !M EXPRESSLY %UN ORGANIZATION ( ANY TYPE AS AU?ORIT>IAN--OR IPSO FACTO AS A ,BOL%EVIK-,L59I/- TAL9I/ P>TY4  ,9 ! ABS5CE ( A PROGRAM1 A POLITICS1 & A RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION--NOT TO SPEAK ( A !ORY OR EV5 A S5SE ( PURPOSE BEYOND ! 0SELF-REALIZATION0 ( !IR WRIT]S--LIFE/YL]S1 IT CAN BE /AT$ AS A MATT] ( C]TA9TY1 W\LD HAVE IMP$$ RA!R ?AN FACILITAT$ ! UNSEAT+ ( A BASICALLY B\RGEOIS /ATE MA*9E4    

,9DE$1 = ALL ,I KN[1 !Y MI<T EV5 HAVE OPPOS$ ! ,C,N,T & ! ,F,A,I 9 ,SPA9 9 #a#i#c#f4  ,GIV5 !IR MY/ICISM & IRRATIONALISM1 !Y W\LD TURN EI!R TO 9TROSPECTION ( ONE K9D OR ANO!R1 OR TO RECKLESS ACTS ( P]SONAL REBELLION & M9DLESS ADV5TURISM4  ,AS = ,CL>K1 :5 HE IS NOT TRY+ TO REPLACE LEFT-LIB]T>IAN POLITICS ) POETRY & MY/ICISM1 HE APPROA*ES1 9 PRACTICE1 A SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC GRADUALI/4  ,TO ORD9>Y PEOPLE1 H[EV] DISSATISFI$ !Y MAY BE1 NO PROTE/ IS MORE FRIVOL\S ?AN ! SI<T ( A SP9DLY KID ?R[+ A /ONE AT A COP 7AS 9 ! COV] >T ON ,BLACK'S ,AN>*Y ,)\T ,LEFTISM7--! IMAGE1 P> EXCELL5CE1 ( IRRESPONSIBLE1 JUV5ILE BRAVADO4  

 ,:AT MAKES ! LIMIT$ \TLOOKS ( LIFE/YL]S SO DAMAG+1 ESPECIALLY 9 A TIME ( REACTION1 IS ?AT !Y 9DIRECTLY MAKE ! PREVAIL+ DISEMP[]M5T 9TO A VIRTUE4 ,:E!R IT IS ! QUIETISM ( SOME OR ! ADV5TURI/IC EPISODES ( O!RS1 !IR 9EFFECTUALITY PROMOTES DISEMP[]M5T4 ,P]HAPS MO/ IMPORTANT AT A TIME :5 ! LESSONS ( ! REVOLUTION>Y TRADITION MU/ BE PRES]V$ & C>EFULLY ANALYZ$1 !Y UND]M9E ! SOCIALI/ CORE ( AN>*ISM & (F] ESS5TIALLY FRAGM5T>Y IMPRESSIONS & ACTIONS AS SUB/ITUTES = S]I\S REFLECTION & RESPONSIBLE DISCUSSION4  ,!Y L[] ! LEVEL ( !ORETICAL REFLECTION3  ,WATSON'S D5UNCIATIONS ( CIVILIZATION >E NO SUB/ITUTE = AN ANALYSIS ( CAPITALI/ SOCIAL RELATIONS1 ANY MORE ?AN ,CL>K'S USE ( POETRY & POP ,ASIAN !OLOGY IS A SUB/ITUTE = RATIONAL 9SI<T & REVOLUTION>Y SOCIAL ACTION4 

 ,= ! PRES5T1 ! MO/ PRECI\S >5AS WE HAVE 9 :I* TO CULTIVATE AN EFFECTIVE OPPOSITION >E ! PRECI\S M9DS ( LIB]T>IAN SOCIAL REVOLUTION>IES :O >E EAG] TO F9D ALT]NATIVES TO ! PREVAIL+ SOCIAL ORD] & WAYS TO *ANGE IT4  ,EI!R AN AN>*I/ IS COMMITT$ TO A SOCIAL W> AGA9/ CLASS RULE & HI]>*Y1 (F]+ A MESSAGE BAS$ ON REVOLUTION>Y SOCIALISM OR LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM2 OR AN>*ISM HAS BE5 R$UC$ TO ANO!R ( ! MANY *IC FADS ?AT CON/ITUTE SO MU* ( ! CULTURE ( MOD]N CAPITALISM4  

 ,AS WE 5T] ! TW5TY-FIR/ C5TURY1 AN>*I/S %\LD ASK !MSELVES :E!R A S]I\S REVOLUTION>Y OPPOSITION \<T REALLY TO DISC>D CRITICAL REASON & KN[L$GE 9 FAVOR ( MY/ICAL 9TUITION1 A COSMIC R$UCTIONISM1 SELF-REALIZATION 9 ! =M ( P]SONAL RIOTS1 ! CREATION ( ,TEMPOR>Y ,AUTONOM\S ,ZONES1 & ! JOYS ( ?R[+ BRICKS AT COPS4  ,UN=TUNATELY1 AT LEA/ AMONG ,AM]ICAN AN>*I/S1 A REFUSAL TO REASON \T A LIB]T>IAN SOCIALI/IC /&PO9T IS BECOM+ WIDESPREAD1 & ! ?9K+ ( ?OSE :O MI<T BE/ =M SU* A MOVEM5T IS BE+ FOGG$ BY MY/ICISM1 ANTIRATIONALISM1 PRIMITIVISM1 & TE*NOPHOBIA4  ,F> FROM BE+ AG5TS TO ADVANCE SOCIETY'S 9SI<T 9TO ITS GRAVE PLI<T1 !SE AN>*I/S >E SYMPTOMATIC ( ! SOCIAL REGRESSION ?AT M>KS ! PRES5T P]IOD4    

 ,AT ! 5D ( MY LIFE1 IT IS MY FIRM COMMITM5T TO CONVEY ! REVOLUTION>Y TRADITION & ITS LESSONS TO Y\NG PEOPLE4  ,UNLESS !Y /UDY ITS EV5TS & LE>N FROM ITS ADVANCES & ITS ]RORS1 !Y WILL FLOAT M9DLESSLY 9TO ! B>B>ISM ?AT CAPITALISM IS BR++ TO ! WORLD4  ,! DANG] ( SOCIAL AMNESIA IS V]Y REAL3 9DE$1 ! IDEA ( REVOLUTION ITSELF IS WAN+ FROM ! COLLECTIVE M9D ( RADICALS TODAY1 & IF IT DISAPPE>S1 !N ! CAPITULATION ( ! ,LEFT TO CAPITALISM WILL F9ALLY BE COMPLETE--= IT IS ONLY REVOLUTION ?AT WILL ULTIMATELY *ANGE ?IS SOCIETY1 NOT ES!TICS1 TE*NOPHOBIA1 ANTIRATIONALISM1 & ! LIKE4    

 ,?OSE :O ADVOCATE MAK+ *ANGES 9 LIFE/YLE AT ! EXP5SE ( A REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T >E NO LESS P>T ( ?AT DEF9ITIVE CAPITULATION ?AN ! DEPOLITICIZ+ T5D5CIES ?AT >E ABROAD TODAY4  ,YE>S AGO IT C\LD BE VALIDLY >GU$ ?AT LIFE/YLE & POLITICS GO TOGE!R2 ?AT *ANGES 9 LIFE/YLE DO NOT NECESS>ILY 5TAIL ! SURR5D] ( REVOLUTIONISM4  ,9 ! #a#i#fS ,I MYSELF MADE ! NE$ = A CONV]G5CE BETWE5 ! C\NT]CULTURE & ! ,NEW ,LEFT ! FOCUS ( MO/ ( MY ACTIVITIES4  ,BUT TODAY_*& ESPECIALLY TODAY6--LIFE/YLE AN>*ISM IS GR[+ AT ! EXP5SE ( RATIONAL !ORY & S]I\S ORGANIZATION1 NOT 9 T&EM ) IT4    

 ,REVOLUTION MU/ BE CULTIVAT$ BY MEANS ( SY/EMATIC PROPAG&A1 /EP-BY-/EP MEASURES1 C>EFUL PLANN+1 & RATIONALLY =MULAT$ PROGRAMS ?AT >E FLEXIBLE 5\< TO MEET *ANG+ SOCIAL NE$S3 9 %ORT1 IT MU/ BE CULTIVAT$ BY A RESPONSIBLE1 D$ICAT$1 & ACC\NTABLE MOVEM5T ?AT IS S]I\S & ORGANIZ$ ALONG LIB]T>IAN L9ES4  ,IT IS ! HEI<T ( SELF-DECEPTION TO SUPPOSE WE CAN SUB/ITUTE P]SONAL 0MILITANCY0 = ORGANIZATION1 OR P]SONAL 09SURRECTION0 = A CONSI/5T REVOLUTION>Y PRACTICE4  ,IF AN>*ISM LOSES ! N]VE & RESOLUT5ESS1 NOT TO SPEAK ( ! !ORY1 9TELLIG5CE1 & FLEXIBILITY1 NECESS>Y TO FULFILL ?IS RESPONSIBILITY1 !N LEFT LIB]T>IANS 9 ! COM+ C5TURY WILL BE OBLIG$ TO TURN = SOLACE ONCE AGA9 TO ! FAM\S /ATEM5T ( ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS3  

 ,M5 FI<T & LOSE ! BATTLE1 & ! ?+ !Y F\<T = COMES AB\T 9 SPITE ( !IR DEFEAT1 & :5 IT TURNS TO BE NOT :AT !Y MEANT1 O!R M5 HAVE TO FI<T = :AT !Y MEANT UND] ANO!R NAME4 

 --,M>*1 #b #aiih 

 ,NOTES 

 #a4  ,MURRAY ,BOOK*91 ,SOCIAL ,AN>*ISM OR ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*ISM 7,SAN ,FRANCISCO & ,$9BUR<3 ,A4,K4 ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#e72 H]E9AFT] ,S,A,L,A4  

 #b4  ,?OMAS ,FRANK1 0,:Y ,JOHNNY ,CAN'T ,DISS5T10 9 ,?OMAS ,FRANK & ,MATT ,WEIL&1 $S41 ,COMMODIFY ,Y\R ,DISS5T 7,NEW ,YORK & ,LONDON3 ,W4,W4 ,NORTON1 #a#i#i#g71 PP4 #c#d-#c#e4  

 #c4  ,K+SLEY ,WIDM]1 0,H[ ,BROAD & ,DEEP ,IS ,AN>*ISM80 ,SOCIAL ,AN>*ISM1 NO4 #bd 7#a#i#i#g71 PP4 #g#g-#h#c2 EMPHASES ADD$4  ,! NAME ( ?IS J\RNAL %\LD NOT BE CONFUS$ ) ! TITLE ( MY BOOKLET4  

 #d4  ,BOB ,BLACK1 ,AN>*Y ,AFT] ,LEFTISM 7,COLUMBIA1 ,M,O3 ,C4,A4,L4 ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#g72 H]E9AFT] ,A,A,L4  

 #e4  ,! USE ( ! EPI!T ACQUIR$ AN 9T]NATIONAL REA* :5 ! ,OX=D ,GRE5 ,AN>*I/S WROTE AN UNSAVORY LETT] TO ! AN>*I/-COMMUNI/ P]IODICAL ,ORGANIZE61 LAC+ 9TO ITS $ITORS = PR9T+ A CORDIAL REVIEW ( ,S,A,L,A & D5\NC+ ME AS 0,DEAN ,BOOK*940  ,SEE 0,LETT]S10 ,ORGANIZE6 ISSUE #de 7,SPR+ #a#i#i#g71 P4 #a#g4  

 #f4 ,= MORE ON ,BLACK'S ACTIVITIES1 ! READ] MAY C>E TO CONSULT ,*AZ ,BUFE'S 0,LI/51 ,AN>*I/60 7,TUCSON1 ,A,Z3 ,MAT*1 #a#i#h#g2 /ILL AVAILABLE FROM ,A4,K4 ,PRESS & ,FRE$OM ,PRESS72 ,F]D ,WOODWOR?'S 0,I ,GO ,TIME ,TRAVEL+10 ,MAT*1 NO4 #ia 7,W9T] #a#i#i#f-#i#g71 ESP4 PP4 #a#h-#b#a2 & ,MI*AEL ,POLLAN'S 0,OPIUM1 ,MADE ,EASY3 ,ONE ,G>D5]'S ,5C\NT] ) ! ,W> ON ,DRUGS10 ,H>P]'S 7,APRIL #a#i#i#g71 ESPECIALLY PP4 #d#b- #d#e4  

 #g4  ,DAVID ,WATSON1 ,BEYOND ,BOOK*93 ,PREFACE = A ,FUTURE ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY 7,BROOKLYN3 ,AUTONOM$IA1 #a#i#i#f72 H]E9AFT] ,B,B4  ,O!R WORKS 9 ?IS SECTION >E CIT$ ACCORD+ TO ! FOLL[+ KEY3 

  

,BY ,MURRAY ,BOOK*93 

 ,E,F "7 ,! ,ECOLOGY ( ,FRE$OM  

 ,S,A,L,A "7 ,SOCIAL ,AN>*ISM OR ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*ISM  

 ,T,M,C "7 ,! ,MOD]N ,CRISIS 

 7,= PUBLICATION 9=MATION AB\T !SE VOLUMES1 PLEASE SEE ! BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LI/+ AT ! 5D ( ?IS BOOK47  

 ,BY ,DAVID ,WATSON3  

 7UND] ! PSEUDONYM 0,GEORGE ,BRAD=D0 UNLESS O!RWISE 9DICAT$7 

 ,A,T,M "7 0,AGA9/ ! ,MEGAMA*9E10 ,FIF? ,E/ATE1 VOL4 #a#e1 NO4 #e 7,JULY #a#i#h#a72 PSEUDONYM 0,P4 ,SOLIS40  

 ,B,P,A "7 0,BHOPAL & ! ,PROSPECTS = ,AN>*Y10 ,FIF? ,E/ATE1 VOL4 #b1 NO4 #a 7,SPR+ #a#i#h#e74  

 ,C,I,B "7 0,CIVILIZATION 9 ,BULK10 ,FIF? ,E/ATE1 VOL4 #b#f1 NO4 #a 7,SPR+ #a#i#i#a74  

 ,H,D,D,E "7 ,H[ ,DEEP ,IS ,DEEP ,ECOLOGY8  7,OJAI1 ,C,A3 ,TIMES ,*ANGE ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#i74 

 ,M,C,G,V "7 0,M$IA3 ,CAPITAL'S ,GLOBAL ,VILLAGE10 ,FIF? ,E/ATE1 VOL4 #a#i1 NO4 #c 7,FALL #a#i#h#d74 

 ,N,/ "7  0,NOTES ON ,S(T ,TE*10 ,FIF? ,E/ATE1 VOL4 #a#h1 NO4 #a 7,SPR+ #a#i#h#c72 UNSIGN$4 

 ,S,D,T "7  0,A ,SY/EM ( ,DOM9ATION3 ,TE*NOLOGY10 ,FIF? ,E/ATE1 VOL4 #a#h1 NO4 #d 7,W9T] #a#i#h#d74 

 ,S,I,H "7 0,/OPP+ ! ,9DU/RIAL ,HYDRA3 ,REVOLUTION ,AGA9/ ! ,MEGAMA*9E10 ,FIF? ,E/ATE1 VOL4 #b#d1 NO4 #c 7,W9T] #a#i#i74 

 ,T,O,C "7 0,! ,TRIUMPH ( ,CAPITAL10 ,FIF? ,E/ATE1 VOL4 #b#g1 NO4 #a 7,SPR+ #a#i#i#b74 

#h4  ,AS ,I DID 9 ,! ,ECOLOGY ( ,FRE$OM4  

 #i4  ,IF MY VIEWS ON M$IC9E >E 0QUITE CONV5TIONAL0 7,B,B1 P4 #a#a#d71 !Y C\LD /EM FROM ! FACT ?AT MOD]N M$IC9E IS :AT IS KEEP+ ME ALIVE4  ,TO BE SURE1 MANY ALT]NATIVE !RAPIES >E ALSO V]Y HELPFUL4  ,BUT ,I WOND] IF ,WATSON MAKES ! SAME K9D ( ANTIM$ICAL >GUM5T TO HIS ELD]LY FAMILY MEMB]S & FRI5DS :O1 9 ALL LIKELIHOOD1 DEP5D AS ,I DO ON ANTIHYP]T5SIVES & O!R M$ICATIONS = !IR CONT9U$ EXI/5CE4   

 #a4  ,LEWIS ,MUM=D1 ,! ,MY? ( ! ,MA*9E3 ,TE*NICS & ,HUMAN ,DEVELOPM5T 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,H>C\RT1 ,BRACE @& ,WORLD1 #a#i#f#f71 PP4 #a#h#f-#h#g4   

#a#a4  ,LEWIS ,MUM=D1 ,! ,P5TAGON ( ,P[] 7,NEW ORK3 ,H>C\RT ,BRACE ,JOVANOVI*1 #a#i#f#d71 P4 #c#e#f4   

#a#b4  ,IBID41 P4 #d#d1 EMPHASIS ADD$4 

 #a#c4  ,IBID41 P4 #c#g#c4 

 #a#d4  ,I DO NOT ADVOCATE ! USE ( ALL TE*NOLOGIES--,I W\LD EXCLUDE1 = EXAMPLE1 CLE>LY MALIGNANT ONES LIKE NUCLE> P[]4  ,P]HAPS ! MO/ \TRAGE\S PIECE ( FRAUD ,WATSON COMMITS IS TO CLAIM ?AT ,I MAKE A 0F]V5T ADVOCACY ( PE/ICIDES0 7,B,B1 P4 #a#c#i74  ,?IS 9S9UATION IS SC&AL\S_*,I PIONE]$ CRITICISM1 FROM A LEFT P]SPECTIVE1 PRECISELY ( PETRO*EMICAL F]TILIZ]S & PE/ICIDES4  ,MY #aieb >TICLE 0,! ,PROBLEM ( ,*EMICALS 9 ,FOOD0 7NOT TO SPEAK ( MY #aifb BOOK ,\R ,SYN!TIC ,5VIRONM5T7 OBJECT$ /R5U\SLY TO ! *EMICALIZATION ( ! 5VIRONM5T1 & MY POSITION HAS NOT *ANG$ S9CE !N4  

 #a#e4  ,A N]V\S ,WATSON TELLS US ?AT 0! WORD ULTIMATELY MU/ BE /RESS$ H]E0 7,B,B1 P4 #a#f#c72 PRESUMABLY ?IS CAVEAT IS 9T5D$ TO MITIGATE ! S5T5CE'S DET]M9ISM BY BR++ IT 9TO ! %ORT T]M1 BUT H[ ?IS MAKES A DIFF]5CE ESCAPES ME4 

 #a#f4  ,MUM=D1 ,P5TAGON1 P4 #d#d1 EMPHASIS ADD$4 

 #a#g4  ,IBID41 P4 #c#d#i1 #c#f#b4  ,JU/ AFT] SPEAK+ ( MOD]N TE*NOLOGY'S 0POT5TIAL B5EFITS10 ,MUM=D REF]S TO ITS 09H]5T DEFECTS40  ,H[ SOME?+ 09H]5TLY DEFECTIVE0 CAN ALSO HAVE 0POT5TIAL B5EFITS0 IS A P>ADOX :OSE RESOLUTION ESCAPES ME2 ! FACT REMA9S ?AT ,MUM=D DID SEE POT5TIAL B5EFITS 9 MOD]N TE*NOLOGY4  

 #a#h4  ,RI*>D ,B4 ,LEE & ,IRV5 ,DE,VORE1 0,PROBLEMS 9 ! ,/UDY ( ,HUNT]S & ,GA!R]S10 9 ,RI*>D ,B4 ,LEE & ,IRV5 ,DE,VORE1 ,MAN ! ,HUNT] 7,*ICAGO3 ,ALD9E-,A!RTON1 #a#i#f#h71 P4 #f4  

 #a#i4  ,M>%ALL ,SAHL9S1 0,NOTES ON ! ,ORIG9AL ,AFFLU5T ,SOCIETY10 9 ,LEE & ,DEVORE1 ,MAN ! ,HUNT]1 PP4 #h#e-#h#f4  

#b4  ,9 ,B,B ,WATSON IGNORES ?IS 9TRODUCTION COMPLETELY & GLEEFULLY QUOTES ME AGA9/ MYSELF1 JUXTAPOS+ WRIT+S FROM MY EXCESSIVELY PRIMITIVI/IC WORKS ) MY CURR5T WRIT+S ON ABORIG9AL SOCIETY1 AS IF HE W]E REVEAL+ A HI<LY COMPROMIS+ CONTRADICTION4    

 ,IT IS NO SECRET ?AT ! IDEAS ( POLITICALLY 5GAG$ WRIT]S *ANGE & DEVELOP4  ,9 FACT1 ANY !ORI/ :O IS POLITICALLY 5GAG$ WILL NECESS>ILY UND]GO SU* %IFTS4  ,HAD ,I WRITT5 AB\T SOCIAL !ORY FROM ! IVORY T[] ( ACADEMIA1 MY IDEAS MI<T HAVE REMA9$ 5TIRELY CONSI/5T OV] =TY YE>S--& 5TIRELY IRRELEVANT4  ,C]TA9LY MY CORE IDEAS HAVE NOT *ANG$1 BUT EV5 AS ,I RETA9$ MY ADH]5CE TO !M1 ,I CONT9UALLY HAD TO RESPOND TO *ANG+ POLITICAL CIRCUM/ANCES1 TO NEW ISSUES ?AT >OSE 9 MOVEM5TS1 & TO NEW MOVEM5TS = ?AT MATT]4  

 ,WATSON %[S ?AT HE UND]/&S ?IS PH5OM5ON :5 IT COMES TO ,LEWIS ,MUM=D'S IDEAS ON TE*NOLOGY1 :I* EVOLV$ OV] SEV]AL DECADES4  ,HE EV5 BRIMS OV] ) UND]/&+ = ,MUM=D'S %IFTS 7,B,B1 PP4 #a#i#h-#b#c7 &1 :5 HIS IDEAS /RAY TOO F> FROM HIS [N1 GRANTS HIM ALL SORTS ( EXT5UAT+ CIRCUM/ANCES4 70,?\< HE MANY NOT HAVE COMPLETELY ?\<T ?R\< ! PROCESSES & P]IOD HE LONG /UDI$1 HE EVOLV$ ALONG ) !M0 .<,B,B1 P4 #b#b.>47  ,BUT ) TYPICAL MALICE1 NO SU* LATITUDE IS GIV5 TO ME3  ,WATSON TREATS ! MULTITUDE ( BOOKS & >TICLES ,I WROTE OV] A SPAN ( ?IRTY-ONE YE>S1 FROM #aifd TO #a#i#i#e1 AS IF !Y W]E A S+LE BOOK WRITT5 AT ONE TIME4  7,9DE$1 ON PAGE #afa .<N4 #a#f#d.>1 ,WATSON SPECIFICALLY RULES \T MAK+ ALL[ANCES = MY 9TELLECTUAL EVOLUTION4  ,! REASON8  ,I ONCE OBJECT$1 9 A WAY HE DISLIKES1 TO SOMEONE TAK+ MY IDEAS \T ( ! CONTEXT ( !IR TIME4 ,?US1 :5 HE F9DS DISCREPANCIES1 HE TAKES ME TO TASK = CONTRADICT+ MYSELF4  ,US+ ?IS TE*NIQUE1 ONE C\LD SET AB\T MAK+ ,MUM=D OR ANY O!R POLITICALLY 5GAG$ !ORI/ LOOK 5TIRELY RIDICUL\S4  

 #b#a4  ,MUM=D1 LET IT BE NOT$1 W\LD HAVE REG>D$ ,WATSON'S CLAIM ?AT ABORIG9AL SOCIETY WAS ?IS K9D ( LIB]T>IAN P>ADISE AS NONS5SE4 0,:]EV] WE F9D >*AIC MAN10 HE WROTE1 0WE F9D NO LAWLESS CREATURE1 FREE TO DO :AT HE PLEASES1 :5 HE PLEASES1 H[ HE PLEASES3 WE F9D RA!R ONE :O AT EV]Y MOM5T ( HIS LIFE MU/ WALK W>ILY & CIRCUMSPECTLY1 GUID$ BY ! CU/OM ( HIS [N K9D1 DO+ REV]5CE TO SUP]HUMAN P[]S40  ,SEE ,MY? ( ! ,MA*9E1 P4 #f#h4   

 #b#b4  ,ROG] ,LEW91 0,PA/ ,P]SPECTIVES10 ,SCI5CE1 VOL4 #bd 7,MAY #b#g1 #a#i#h#h71 P4 #a#a#d#g4 

 #b#c4  ,?OMAS ,N4 ,HEADL&1 0,P>ADISE ,REVIS$10 ,SCI5CES 7,SEPT4-,OCT4 #a#i#i71 PP4 #d#f1 #d#h4  

 #b#d4  ,RI*>D ,B4 ,LEE1 ,! 6,KUNG ,SAN3 ,M51 ,WOM51 & ,WORK 9 A ,=AG+ ,SOCIETY 7,CAMBRIDGE & ,NEW ,YORK3 ,CAMBRIDGE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#g#i71 P4 #c#h4  

 #b#e4  ,IBID41 PP4 #c#h4  

 #b#f4  ,RI*>D ,LEE1 ,SUBSI/5CE ,ECOLOGY ( 6,KUNG ,BU%M51 ,PH4,D4 ,DIS4 7,UNIV]SITY ( ,CALI=NIA1 ,B]KELEY1 #a#i#f#e71 P4 #i#d2 QUOT$ 9 ,$W9 ,N4 ,WILMS51 ,L& ,FILL$ ) ,FLIES3  ,A ,POLITICAL ,ECONOMY ( ! ,KALAH>I 7,*ICAGO & ,LONDON3 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,*ICAGO ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#i71 P4 #c#d4  

 #b#g4  ,RI*>D ,LEE1 06,KUNG ,BU%M5 ,SUBSI/5CE3 ,AN ,9PUT- UTPUT ,ANALYSIS10 9 ,A4 ,VAYDA1 $41 ,5VIRONM5T & ,CULTURAL ,BEHAVIOR 7,G>D5 ,CITY1 ,N,Y3  ,NATURAL ,HI/ORY ,PRESS1 #a#i#f#i71 PP4 #d#g-#g#i2 & ,LEE1 6,KUNG ,SAN1 P4 #b#g#h1 TABLE #i4#a#b4  

 #b#h4  ,QUOT$ 9 ,ROG] ,LEW91 0,NEW ,VIEWS ,EM]GE ON ,HUNT]S & ,GA!R]S10 ,SCI5CE1 VOL4 #bd 7,MAY #b#g1 #a#i#h#h71 P4 #a#a#d#f4  ,?IS >TICLE DESCRIBES ! *ANGES 9 ! /UDY ( ! 6,KUNG2 ITS !SIS IS ?AT 0A V]Y SIMPLE BUT P]SUASIVE MODEL ( HUNT]-GA!R] LIFE DOM9AT$ AN?ROPOLOGICAL ?\<T = TWO DECADES1 BUT IS N[ BE+ REPLAC$ AS *ALL5GES COME FROM SEV]AL DIRECTIONS40 

 #b#i4  ,IT IS WOR? NOT+ ?AT ,MUM=D1 :O ,WATSON LIKES TO SUGGE/ WAS SOME?+ ( A PRIMITIVI/1 OBS]V$3   

,! FRAGILITY ( .<A PALEOLI?IC =AG+.> ECONOMY IS OBVI\S3  ! GIFTS ( NATURE >E TOO UNC]TA91 ! M>G9 IS TOO N>R[1 ! BALANCE TO DELICATE4 ,H5CE PRIMITIVE CULTURES1 9 ORD] TO BE SURE ( CONT9UITY1 T5D TO BE RE/RICTIVE & P>SIMONI\S1 UNREADY TO WELCOME 9NOVATIONS OR TAKE RISKS1 EV5 RELUCTANT TO PR(IT BY ! EXI/5CE ( !IR NEI<BORS4 4 4 4 ,9 SO F> AS ! P[] COMPLEX HAS OV]COME ?AT SPECIES ( FOSSILIZATION1 WE [E IT A DEBT4  ,PL5ITUDE ON SU* A SOLIT>Y1 MEAG]1 UNADV5TUR\S BASIS TOO EASILY S9KS 9TO TORPID P5URY & /UPEFICATION4 4 4 4 ,IT IS NOT TO GO BACK T[>D SU* A PRIMITIVE PL5ITUDE1 BUT =W>D TO A MORE G5]\S REGIM51 F> MORE G5]\S ?AN ! MO/ AFFLU5T SOCIETY N[ AF=DS1 ?AT ! COM+ G5]ATIONS MU/ LAY !IR PLANS4 7,MUM=D1 ,P5TAGON ( ,P[]1 PP4 #d#a-#d#b1 EMPHASIS ADD$7  

 #c4   ,TO MY CONT5TION 9 ,S,A,L,A ?AT MO/ TRIBAL SPIRITUALITY AS WE KN[ IT TODAY HAS BE5 9FLU5C$ BY ,*RI/IANITY1 ,WATSON RAISES NO OBJECTION2 9/EAD1 HE DISMISSES ITS SIGNIFICANCE4  0,?AT ! ,<O/ ,DANCE WAS 9FLU5C$ BY ,*RI/IANITY DOESN'T MEAN IT WASN'T AU!NTICALLY NATIVE0 7,B,B1 PP4 #b#c#e71 HE C\NT]S4 ,TRUE1 MANY ,9DIAN PEOPLE TODAY FOLL[ !SE RELIGI\S ADMIXTURES & EV5 ,*RI/IANITY ITSELF4  ,BUT ?AT'S NOT ! PO9T3  PRESUMABLY ! EFFECTS ( ,*RI/IANITY_*! RELIGION P> EXCELL5CE ( ,EUROPEAN COLONIALISM & IMP]IALISM--HAVE VITIAT$ ! =CE ( 0ANCI5T P]5NIAL WISDOM0 9 RESI/+ OPPRESSION4  ,IF ! 0ANCI5T WISDOM0 ( ! PRIMITIVE IS NECESS>Y = A 0FUTURE SOCIAL ECOLOGY10 ,I AM OBLIG$ TO WOND] IF IT WILL ALSO CONTA9 ! SACRAM5TS ( BAPTISM & ! EU*>I/8    

 #c#a4   ,JOHN ,E4 ,YELL51 0,! ,TRANS=MATION ( ! ,KALAH>I 6,KUNG10 ,SCI5TIFIC ,AM]ICAN 7,APRIL #a#i#i71 PP4 #a#b,B-#a#b,D4  

 #c#b4   ,LEE1 6,KUNG ,SAN1 P4 #d#e#h4  

#c#c4   ,YELL51 0,TRANS=MATION10 P4 #a#b,D4  

 #c#d4   ,IT IS WOR? NOT+ ?AT ,MUM=D W\LD HAVE BE5 %OCK$ BY ?IS HYPO/ASIZATION ( IRRATIONALITY & IMPULSE4 0,SO DANG]\SLY 9FANTILE >E MAN'S UNTUTOR$ & UNDISCIPL9$ IMPULSES ?AT EV5 ! MO/ /ABLE CULTURES HAVE NOT BE5 ABLE TO PREV5T LIFE-?REAT5+ EXPLOSIONS ( IRRATIONALITY--'GO+ B]S]K1' 'RUNN+ AMOK1' PRACTIC+ SY/EMATIC TORTURE & HUMAN SACRIFICE OR1 ) PSEUDO- ATIONAL RELIGI\S SUPPORT1 EMB>K+ ON ! 9S5SATE SLAU<T] & DE/RUCTION ( W>0 7,P5TAGON ( ,P[]1 P4 #c#f#i74  ,I W\LD ADD ?AT 0ORD9>Y M50 MADE UP ! ,G]MAN POLICE BATTALIONS ?AT SLAU<T]$ ,JEWS 9 ,POL& DUR+ ,WORLD ,W> ,I,I1 :ILE ORD9>Y ,JAPANESE CONSCRIPTS 5GAG$ 9 ! RAPE ( ,NANK+ DUR+ ! OCCUPATION ( ,*9A 9 ! #a#i#cS4  

 #c#e4   ,NOT SURPRIS+LY1 ,WATSON REJECTS ! IDEA ?AT REASON OR O!R LE>N$ BEHAVIOR IS TO BE VALU$ MORE HI<LY ?AT 9/9CT1 9TUITION1 & ! EXTR>ATIONAL4  ,HE SUGGE/S ?AT WE DO NOT 0B5EFIT 9TELLECTUALLY1 E?ICALLY1 SOCIALLY1 OR PRACTICALLY BY PRIVILEG+ ! LE>N$ BEHAVIOR ( HUMAN SOCIETY OV] 9NATE BEHAVIOR0 7,B,B1 P4 #c#a7 & AGREES ?AT BETWE5 0LE>N$ BEHAVIOR0 & 09/9CT10 0ONE K9D ( BEHAVIOR IS NOT REALLY HI<] & ANO!R L[]0 7QUOT+ ! MY/IC ,PAUL ,%EP>D1 ,B,B1 P4 #c#a74  ,IT IS WOR? NOT+1 AGA91 ?AT ,MUM=D W\LD HAVE DISAGRE$ ) HIM PR(\NDLY1 9DE$ FURI\SLY4  0,:ILE MO/ ( ! 'EMOTIONAL' RESPONSES TO COLOR1 S\ND1 ODOR1 =M1 TACTILE VALUES1 PR$ATE MAN'S RI* CORTICAL DEVELOPM5T10 HE NOT$1 0!Y UND]LIE & 5RI* HIS HI<] MODES ( ?\<T0 7,MY? ( ! ,MA*9E1 P4 #c#i74 ,! LAT] *APT]S ( ,! ,P5TAGON ( ,P[] >E P]VAD$ ) CONTEMPT = ! MY/ICISM ( ! #a#i#fS Y\? CULTURE & ! ATAVI/IC BEHAVIOR1 AS HE ALSO TOLD ME1 ( ! ,LIV+ ,!AT]4  

 #c#f4   ,EV5 ! QUALIFICATION ,WATSON GIVES--0IT IS POSSIBLE TO BE BO? UNIMPORTANT & UNIQUELY IMPORTANT0 7,B,B1 P4 #e#f7--IS REM9ISC5T ( ! D\BLE?9K PROMOT$ BY ,NATIONAL ,SOCIALI/ IDEOLOGY1 9 :I* ! WILL ( 9DIVIDUAL ,G]MANS CAME TO BE ID5TIFI$ ) ! WILL ( ! ,FUHR]4  ,SEE ,J4 ,P4 ,/]N1 ,HITL]3 ,! ,FUHR] & ! ,PEOPLE 7,B]KELEY & ,LOS ,ANGELES3 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,CALI=NIA ,PRESS1 #a#i#g#e71 *APS4 #g & #h4  

#c#g4   ,ANYONE :O D\BTS ,WATSON'S EXTRAS5SORY ABILITY TO P5ETRATE UNKN[N REALMS %\LD CONSID] HIS ACC\NT ( MY MEET+ ) ,MUM=D AT ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,P5NSYLVANIA1 :I* ,I M5TION$ 9 ,S,A,L,A4  ,AL?\< ,WATSON WAS NOT !RE1 HE SOMEH[ KN[S ?AT ,I SP5T A ONLY 0FEW M9UTES *ATT+ ) ,MUM=D0 7,B,B1 P4 #a#i#h74  ,S9CE HE W\LD HAVE NO O!R WAY ( KN[+ ?IS1 ,I AM CONV9C$ HE MU/ HAVE US$ %AMANIC DREAM+4  ,9 FACT1 ,MUM=D & ,I HAD A V]Y FRUITFUL DISCUSSION1 9 :I* ,I *ALL5G$ HIM ON MANY ?+S4 7,AL?\< HE C]TA9LY HAD MY ADMIRATION1 HE WAS NOT MY GURU47  ,WE SPOKE PROBABLY = AN H\R OR SO--,I DIDN'T CLOCK ! CONV]SATION4  ,NOR WAS MY RELATION%IP ) ,MUM=D LIMIT$ TO ?IS 5C\NT]4  ,SADLY1 ,WATSON'S %AMANIC WISDOM FAIL$ TO GUIDE HIM TO ! ACKN[L$GM5TS SECTION ( MY BOOK ,\R ,SYN!TIC ,5VIRONM5T 7PUBLI%$ 9 #a#i#f#b71 :]E ,I ?ANK$ ,MUM=D 0= READ+ MY DISCUSSION ( URBAN LIFE10 ! BOOK'S *APT] ON CITIES4  ,BACK 9 ! MID-#a#i#eS1 9 FACT1 ,MUM=D S5T ME AN 5C\RAG+ RESPONSE TO MY LEAFLET 0,/OP ! ,BOMB10 & 9 ! E>LY #a#i#gS1 :5 ,I APPLI$ = A GRANT FROM ! ,RAB9[ITZ ,F\NDATION1 HE1 ,M>CUSE1 & ,]NE ,DUBOS PROVID$ ME ) LETT]S ( COMM5DATION4 ,BUT IT IS NOT MY ASSOCIATION ) ,MUM=D ?AT IS AT ISSUE H]E4  

 #c#h4  ,PAUL ,RAD91 ,! ,WORLD ( ,PRIMITIVE ,MAN 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,GROVE ,PRESS1 #a#i#e#c71 P4 #a#d4  

 #c#i4  ,WATSON'S GURU1 ,MUM=D1 WAS MORE DUBI\S AB\T %AMANS & ABORIG9AL SUBJECTIVITY4 ,HE W>N$ ?AT 0! TABOO-RIDD5 SAVAGE 4 4 4 IS (T5 *ILDI%LY OV]-CONFID5T AB\T ! P[]S ( HIS %AMAN OR MAGICIANS TO CONTROL =MIDABLE NATURAL =CES40 ,SEE ,P5TAGON ( ,P[]1 P4 #c#e#i4  

 #d4  ,QUOT$ 9 ,JOSE ,LOPEZ-,REY1 ,GOYA'S ,CAPRI*OS3 ,BEAUTY1 ,REASON & ,C>ICATURE1 VOL4 #a 7,PR9CETON1 ,N4,J43 ,PR9CETON ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#e#c71 PP4 #h-#h#a4  ,SEE ALSO ,F4 ,D4 ,KL+5D]1 ,GOYA 9 ! ,DEMOCRATIC ,TRADITION 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,S*OCK51 #a#i#f#h71 P4 #i#b4  ,IT IS WOR? NOT+ ?AT BY 0>TS10 IT IS NOT AT ALL CLE> ?AT ,GOYA WAS REF]R+ ONLY TO ! VISUAL & P]=M+ >TS TO PA9T+1 POETRY1 & MUSIC2 9 ITS EI<TE5?-C5TURY USAGE1 ! WORD >TS W\LD ALSO HAVE 5COMPASS$ ! ME*ANICAL >TS & TE*NICS :I* MAKES ,FIF? ,E/ATE'S 9CLUSION ( ! COMPUT] AN EV5 MORE >RANT DI/ORTION4  

 #d#a4  ,ODDLY1 9 ANO!R REC5T DISCUSSION ( SOCIAL ECOLOGY1 ,MI*AEL ,ZIMM]MAN USES ! V]Y SAME TWO QUOTATIONS TO CA/ ME 9 A NEGATIVE LI<T4  ,AL?\< HE IS A PHILOSOPHY PR(ESSOR & !RE=E PRESUMABLY A MORE SCRUPUL\S S*OL> ?AN ,WATSON1 ,ZIMM]MAN1 LIKE ,WATSON1 REMOVES BO? PHRASES FROM !IR CONTEXT1 EV5 TRUNCAT+ ! 0P>ASITE0 QUOTATION 9 EXACTLY ! SAME WAY ?AT ,WATSON DID4    

 ,:ILE RI<TLY CONDEMN+ SU* REM>KS1 ,BOOK*9 HIMSELF REC5TLY RE/AT$ A VIEW HE ADVANC$ YE>S AGO1 ?AT 0MAN C\LD BE DESCRIB$ AS A HI<LY DE/RUCTIVE P>ASITE :O ?REAT5S TO DE/ROY HIS HO/--! NATURAL WORLD & EV5TUALLY HIMSELF40 4 4 4 ,BOOK*9 HIMSELF HAS DESCRIB$ HUMANS AS 0A CURSE ON NATURAL EVOLUTION40  

 ,MI*AEL ,ZIMM]MAN1 ,CONTE/+ ,E>?'S ,FUTURE3 ,RADICAL ,ECOLOGY & ,PO/MOD]NITY 7,B]KELEY & ,LOS ,ANGELES3 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,CALI=NIA ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#d71 P4 #a#g#a4  ,?AT BO? ,ZIMM]MAN & ,WATSON JUXTAPOSE ! ID5TICAL QUOTATIONS CAUSES ME TO WOND] :E!R !Y W]E BO? 9FLU5C$ BY !IR MUTUAL FRI5D1 ,JOHN ,CL>K4  

 #d#b4  ,BY ,WATSON'S ACC\NT1 ,I DEM& ?AT MY READ]S 0MU/0 AGREE ) EV]Y?+ ,I WRITE1 0MU/ ACCEPT ! :OLE PROGRAM AS A UNIT>Y :OLE10 & SO ON--9DE$1 9 ONE SU* EXT5D$ P>APHRASE HE USES ! WORD 0MU/0 NO FEW] ?AN SIX TIMES ON A S+LE PAGE 7,B,B1 P4 #a#e71 AS ?\< :5EV] ,I ASS]T A PO9T ( VIEW1 ,I PLACE MY READ]S UND] A /R+5T REQUIREM5T TO AGREE ) ME--OR ELSE6   

 ,YET ,WATSON HIMSELF 9SI/S ?AT 0SOCIAL ECOLOGY MU/ DISCOV] A PO/- NLI<T5M5T POLITICS0 7,B,B1 P4 #e#a71 & ?AT 0,A FUTURE SOCIAL ECOLOGY1 IF IT IS TO 5DURE AS A MEAN+FUL PHILOSOPHICAL CURR5T1 MU/ LE>N TO LI/50 TO TREES 7,B,B1 P4 #g#b74  ,&3  0,A FUTURE SOCIAL ECOLOGY 4 4 4 W\LD RECOGNIZE ?AT 4 4 4 FIRM GR\ND1 IF ANY1 MU/ BE F\ND0 9 A REORI5TATION ( LIFE 0>\ND P]5NIAL1 CLASSIC & ABORIG9AL MANIFE/ATIONS ( WISDOM0 7,B,B1 P4 #a#e#d74   

 #d#c4   ,DANIEL ,A4 ,COLEMAN WROTE A REVIEW ( ,BEYOND ,BOOK*9 ?AT WAS PUBLI%$ 9 ,Z MAGAZ9E1 ,APRIL #a#i#i#g1 PP4 #e#e-#e#g4  ,HE WAS CALL$ MY 0SYCOPHANT0 9 AN UNSIGN$ NOTE 9 ,FIF? ,E/ATE 7,FALL #a#i#i#g71 P4 #c#d4  

 #d#d4  0,TO S5SE & COMPREH5D AFT] ACTION IS NOT WOR?Y ( BE+ CALL$ COMPREH5SION4 ,DEEP KN[L$GE IS TO BE AW>E ( DI/URBANCE BE=E DI/URBANCE1 TO BE AW>E ( DANG] BE=E DANG]1 TO BE AW>E ( DE/RUCTION BE=E DE/RUCTION1 TO BE AW>E ( CALAMITY BE=E CALAMITY40 ,WATSON QUOTES ?IS PASSAGE FROM ,SUN ,TZU'S ,! ,>T ( ,W> AGA9/ ME1 AT A PO9T :5 HE ?9KS MY =ESI<T HAS FAIL$ 7,B,B1 P4 #a#f#b74  ,IT C\LD WELL BE APPLI$ TO HIS [N V]Y LATE RECOGNITION ( ! IMPORTANCE ( ECOLOGICAL POLITICS4  

 #d#e4   ,:AT MAKES ,WATSON'S BOOK 9T]E/+ IS ?AT HE FOLL[S ! LOGIC ( LIFE/YLE AN>*ISM TO ITS PREPO/]\S 5D--& = ?IS REASON ALONE1 IT IS WELL ?AT S]I\S REVOLUTION>IES %\LD READ IT4   

 #d#f4   ,DAVID ,WATSON1 0,SWAMP ,FEV]1 ,PRIMITIVISM1 & ! ',IDEOLOGICAL ,VORTEX'3 ,F>EWELL TO ,ALL ,?AT10 ,FIF? ,E/ATE 7,FALL #a#i#i#g72 H]E9AFT] ,S,F4  

 #d#g4   ,JOHN ,CL>K1 ,! ,AN>*I/ ,MOM5T 7,MONTREAL3 ,BLACK ,ROSE ,BOOKS1 #a#i#h#d71 P4 #a#a4  ,! TITLE = ?IS BOOK WAS SUGGE/$ BY ME & EFFUSIVELY ACCEPT$ BY ! AU?OR1 ) W>M EXPRESSIONS ( GRATITUDE4 

 #d#h4   ,JOHN ,CL>K1 $41 ,R5EW+ ! ,E>?3  ,! ,PROMISE (  ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY3 ,A ,CELEBRATION ( ! ,WORK ( ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 7,LONDON3  ,GRE5 ,PR9T1 #a#i#i74 ,?IS BOOK 9CLUDES MANY MISBEGOTT5 ESSAYS ?AT ,I DO NOT HOLD 9 HI< REG>D & :OSE 9CLUSION ,I VIGOR\SLY PROTE/$ TO ,CL>K4    

 #d#i4  ,M>Y ,JO ,BUHLE1 ,PAUL ,BUHLE1 & ,DAN ,GEORGAKAS1 $S41 ,5CYCLOP$IA ( ! ,AM]ICAN ,LEFT 7,URBANA & ,*ICAGO3 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,ILL9OIS ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#b71 P4 #a#b4 

 #e4  ,MAX ,CAF>D 7PSEUD4 = ,JOHN ,CL>K73 0,BOOK*9 ,AGONI/ES3 ,H[ ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9'S ,ATTEMPTS TO ,RE-,5*ANT ,HUMANITY' ,BECOME A ,PUGILI/IC ,BAC*ANAL10 ,FIF? ,E/ATE1 VOL4 #c#b1 NO4 #a 7,SUMM] #a#i#i#g71 PP4 #b-#b#c2 H]E9AFT] ,B,A4  

 #e#a4  ,CL>K1 ,AN>*I/ ,MOM5T1 PP4 #a#g#c1 #a#g#e2 H]E9AFT] ,A,M4  

 #e#b4  ,:E!R ,CL>K EV] UND]/OOD :AT ,I WAS WRIT+ = YE>S AB\T PO/SC>CITY & ITS IMPLICATIONS = FRE$OM1 HIS ,TAOISM EXPLICITLY ADVISES A COMMUNITY TO REJECT EV5 LABOR-SAV+ TE*NOLOGIES3  0?\< !RE %\LD BE AMONG ! PEOPLE CONTRIVANCES REQUIR+ T5 TIMES1 A HUNDR$ TIMES LESS LABOR1 HE W\LD NOT USE !M0 7QUOT$ 9 ,A,M1 P4 #a#g#h74 

 #e#c4  ,DANIEL ,*ODORK(F1 EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR ( ! ,9/ITUTE = ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY1 LETT] TO ,MURRAY ,BOOK*91 ,FEB4 #a#b1 #a#i#i#g4  

 #e#d4  ,IBID4  

 #e#e4  0#a#i#i#b ,ANNUAL,MEET+_/,SUMM] ,PROGRAM ,EVALUATION10 ,9/ITUTE = ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY1 ,OCT4 #c1 #a#i#i#b1 P4 #i2 M9UTES TAK5 BY ,PAULA ,EM]Y2 ,JANET ,BIEHL FILES4  

 #e#f4  ,*AIA ,HELL]1 ,I,S,E FACULTY MEMB]1 P]SONAL CONV]SATION ) ,MURRAY ,BOOK*91 #a#i#i#g4  

#e#g4  ,?OMAS ,B]RY1 ,! ,DREAM ( ! ,E>? 7,SAN ,FRANCISCO3 ,SI]RA ,CLUB ,BOOKS1 #a#i#h#h71 PP4 #a#i#d1 #b#e1 #b#g1 #b#i4  

 #e#h4  ,BILL ,DEVALL & ,GEORGE ,SESSIONS1 ,DEEP ,ECOLOGY3 ,LIV+ ,AS ,IF ,NATURE ,MATT]$ 7,LAYTON1 ,U,T3 ,GIBBS ,M4 ,SMI?1 #a#i#h#e71 P4 #f#g4   

 #e#i4  ,9 ! QUOT$ PASSAGE1 TO BE SURE1 HE SAYS 0C]TA9 BE+S10 NOT 0ALL LIFE-=MS10 BUT HE IS NOT CONSI/5T ) BIOC5TRISM H]E4  ,ONCE AGA91 ! DEF9ITION BY ,SESSIONS & ,DEVALL3  0ALL ORGANISMS & 5TITIES 9 ! ECOSPH]E1 AS P>TS ( ! 9T]RELAT$ :OLE1 >E EQUAL 9 9TR9SIC WOR?10 IBID41 EMPHASIS ADD$4  

 #f4  ,W+-,TSIT ,*AN1 TRANS4 & COMP41 ,A ,S\RCE ,BOOK 9 ,*9ESE ,PHILOSOPHY 7,PR9CETON1 ,N,J3 ,PR9CETON ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#f#c71 P4 #a#c#i4  ,ALL QUOTATIONS FROM ! ,TAO ,TE ,*+ H]E9 >E TAK5 FROM ?IS S\RCE4  

 #f#a4  ,MAX ,WEB]1 ,! ,RELIGION ( ,*9A3 ,CONFUCIANISM & ,TAOISM1 TRANS4 ,HANS ,H4 ,G]? 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,FREE ,PRESS1 #a#i#e#a71 PP4 #a#h#a-#h#b4  

 #f#b4 0,MY/ICISM1 ,NATURE & ,ASSESSM5T (10 ,! ,5CYCLOP$IA ( ,PHILOSOPHY1 VOL4 #e 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,MACMILLAN & ! ,FREE ,PRESS1 #a#i#f#g71 PP4 #d#b#i1 #d#c4  

 #f#c4  0,NAD] ,CAMPAIGN ,T>GETS ,CORPORATE ,ABUSE ( ,P[] & ! ,ONE-,P>TY ,/ATE10 ,DELTA ,GRE5S ,QU>T]LY1 NO4 #dc 7,SUMM] #a#i#i#f71 PP4 #a- 4  

 #f#d4  ,JOHN ,CL>K1 0,! ,SPIRIT ( ,HOPE10 ,DELTA ,GRE5S ,QU>T]LY1 NO4 #ci 7,SUMM] #a#i#i#e71 P4 #b4  

 #f#e4  ,MAX ,CAF>D 7PSEUD4 = ,JOHN ,CL>K71 0,! ,SURRE7GION7ALI/ ,MANIFE/O10 ,FIF? ,E/ATE1 VOL4 #b#h1 NO4 #a 7,SPR+ #a#i#i#c71 P4 #a#h4   

  #f#f4  ,>?UR ,C4 ,DANTO1 ,MY/ICISM & ,MORALITY3 ,ORI5TAL ,?\<T & ,MORAL HILOSOPHY 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,BASIC ,BOOKS1 #a#i#g#b71 PP4 #a#g1 #a#a4 

 #f#g4  ,IT IS P>TICUL>LY OBNOXI\S ?AT ?IS POMP\S ACADEMIC N[ D]IDES ME = NOT BE+ AU C\RANT AB\T ACADEMIC !ORIES ( JU/ICE_*SPECIFICALLY ,RAWLS'S CONTRACT>IAN NOTIONS4  ,AS ,CL>K %\LD KN[1 MY VIEWS ON ! SUBJECT ( JU/ICE >E DRAWN FROM S\RCES ?AT LONG ANT$ATE ,RAWLS'S WORK4  ,9DE$1 ,I WAS AT PA9S 9 ,! ,ECOLOGY ( ,FRE$OM1 TO EMPHASIZE ?AT !Y W]E GUID$ BY ,M>X & ,5GELS 7,E,F1 PP4 #h#g1 #a#d#i71 BO? ( :OM ELUCIDAT$ !IR IDEAS AB\T A C5TURY BE=E ,RAWLS'S T$I\S ,!ORY ( ,JU/ICE APPE>$ ON ! %ELVES ( COLLEGE BOOK%OPS4    

 #f#h4  ,PAULA ,EM]Y1 =M] ,I,S,E ADM9I/RATOR 7#a#i#h#g-#i#c7 & ASSI/ANT DIRECTOR 7#a#i#h#i-#i#c71 LETT] TO ,MURRAY ,BOOK*91 ,FEB4 #a#a1 #a#i#i#g4  

#f#i4  ,ACCORD+ TO HIS BIOGRAPH]1 ,MUM=D TOOK OCCASIONAL C\RSES AT V>I\S ,NEW ,YORK ACADEMIC 9/ITUTIONS ON SUBJECTS ?AT 9T]E/$ HIM4  ,BUT 0AL?\< HE EV5TUALLY ACCUMULAT$ 5\< CR$ITS TO GRADUATE1 HE NEV] TOOK A DEGREE1 & HE SAW NO NE$ = IT40  ,DONALD ,L4 ,MILL]1 ,LEWIS ,MUM=D3 ,A ,LIFE 7,PITTSBUR<3 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,PITTSBUR< ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#i71 P4 #g#c4  

 #g4  ,AL?\< ,CL>K_/,CAF>D LAM5TS HIS SPACE LIMITATIONS1 HE DEVOTES MU* ( 0,BOOK*9 ,AGONI/ES0 TO M]E GRAMMATICAL ]RORS4  

 #g#a4  ,JOHN ,L4 ,HESS1 0,DE ,GAULLE ,9SI/S ON ,PUBLIC ,ORD]10 ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES1 ,JULY #a#d1 #a#i#f#h1 P4 #a4  

 #g#b4  ,9 A REC5T 9T]VIEW ( ,>NE ,NAESS BY ,&REW ,LI<T1  ,LI<T SAYS ?AT ,I 0WROTE UP A D5\NCEM5T ( .<,JOHN.> ,CL>K & P]SONALLY MAIL$ IT TO SOCIAL ECOLOGI/S ALL OV] ! WORLD40  ,NAESS REJO9S1 0,YES1 ,JOHN ,CL>K WAS CRITICIZ$ BY ,BOOK*9 & ?AT'S ! FIR/ SOCIAL ECOLOGI/ ,I'VE SE5 REALLY CRITICIZ$ OP5LY ON ?IS ACC\NT4 ,I DISAGREE V]Y MU* ) ,BOOK*9 BUT ,I W\LD NEV] CRITICIZE HIM 9 ?AT WAY40  ,SEE ,&REW ,LI<T1 0,DEEP ,SOCIALISM3  ,AN ,9T]VIEW ) ,>NE ,NAESS10 ,CAPITALISM ,NATURE ,SOCIALISM 7,M>* #a#i#i#g71 P4 #g#f4   

 ,!RE WAS NO?+ S9I/] OR EV5 MILDLY UND]H&$ AB\T MY REPLY TO ,CL>K4 ,AT A #aiie SOCIAL ECOLOGY CONF]5CE 9 ,SCOTL&1 ,CL>K HAD DI/RIBUT$ COPIES ( A L5G?Y DOCUM5T HE HAD WRITT5 ATTACK+ ! LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALI/ POLITICS ( SOCIAL ECOLOGY4 ,I WROTE A REPLY DEF5D+ LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALISM AGA9/ !SE CRITICISMS & S5T IT TO A H&FUL ( PEOPLE :O ,I KNEW HAD ALREADY RECEIV$ ,CL>K'S >TICLE4  ,AFT]W>DS ,CL>K REVIS$ HIS >TICLE 9 ! LI<T ( MY REPLY1 & IT WAS CIRCULAT$ OV] ! ,9T]NET4  ,I S5T MY REPLY TO PEOPLE :O TOLD ME !Y HAD RECEIV$ ,CL>K'S >TICLE2 IT MADE ITS WAY FROM !RE >\ND ! ,9T]NET TOO4  ,BO? DOCUM5TS >E N[ PO/$ ON V>I\S ,WEB SITES4   

 ,MY REPLY TO ,CL>K WAS SUBSEQU5TLY PUBLI%$ 9 ,DEMOCRACY & ,NATURE 7ISSUE #i1 #a#i#i#g71 UND] ! TITLE 0,COMM5TS ON ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY ,NETWORK ,GA!R+ & ! ',DEEP ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY' ( ,JOHN ,CL>K40  ,! $ITORS W]E EAG] TO PUBLI% ,CL>KS'S ORIG9AL CRITIQUE AS WELL & ASK$ HIM = P]MISSION TO DO SO2 HE REFUS$ TO GRANT P]MISSION4  7,AS ! $ITORS 9DICATE ON PAGE #a#e#d3 0,UN=TUNATELY1 WE >E UNABLE TO ALSO PUBLI% ,JOHN ,CL>K'S TALK S9CE ! AU?OR HAS NOT ALL[$ IT TO BE REPR9T$407  ,IT IS = ?IS REASON ?AT MY >TICLE APPE>S ALONE4 

 ,AS ,I UND]/& IT1 ,CL>K'S >TICLE WILL BE PUBLI%$ 9 YET ANO!R BOOK D5\NC+ MY WORK1 A JO9T 5DEAVOR ( ,M>XI/S1 NEO-,M>XI/S1 & DEEP ECOLOGI/S--AS WELL1 P]HAPS1 AS SOME O!RS :O MAY EVALUATE MY VIEWS ) A MEASURE ( OBJECTIVITY4  ,IT QUITE FRANKLY A/ONI%ES ME ?AT ,CL>K W\LD PLACE HIS PAP] 9 ! S]VICE ( BOOK :OSE PURPOSES IS TO DIM9I% ! AN>*I/ T5D5CY 9 ! ECOLOGY MOVEM5T4 

 ,ODDLY1 9 ! ,C,N,S 9T]VIEW1 ,LI<T & ,NAESS SEEM TO HAVE SOME %>$ KN[L$GE ( ,CL>K'S AFFLICTIONS 7:ATEV] !Y MAY BE7 AT MY H&S4 ,LI<T SAYS OM9\SLY3 0,IT IS 9T]E/+ TO NOTE ?AT AFT] ?IS 'EX*ANGE' BETWE5 ,BOOK*9 & ,CL>K1 ,CL>K WAS DROPP$ )\T COMM5T FROM ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,ADVISORY ,BO>D ( ! SOCIAL ECOLOGY J\RNAL ,SOCIETY & ,NATURE 7N[ ,DEMOCRACY & ,NATURE71 $IT$ BY ,TAKIS ,FOTOP\LOS0 7P4 #g#f1 FN4 #f74 ,LI<T SEEMS TO ASSUME1 QUITE BL&LY1 ?AT BECAUSE ,I DISLIK$ ,CL>K'S PAP]1 ,I HAD HIM REMOV$ FROM ! $ITORIAL ADVISORY BO>D4 ,LET ME /ATE QUITE BLUNTLY ?AT ?IS ASSUMPTION IS FALSE4   

 ,9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 ,DEMOCRACY & ,NATURE1 AS IT IS N[ CALL$1 IS CATEGORICALLY NOT A 0SOCIAL ECOLOGY J\RNAL40  ,9DE$1 ITS 0,\R ,AIMS0 /ATEM5T READS QUITE CLE>LY3  0! J\RNAL WILL FUNCTION AS A =UM = ! 9T]*ANGE ( IDEAS BETWE5 LIB]T>IAN SOCIALI/S1 SUPPORT]S ( ! AUTONOMY PROJECT1 SOCIAL ECOLOGI/S1 ECO-SOCIALI/S & O!R GRE5 ,LEFT MOVEM5TS1 TOGE!R ) FEM9I/ & ACTIVI/S 9 ! L&-BAS$1 9DIG5\S & ?IRD WORLD MOVEM5TS40  7,EA* ISSUE CONTA9S SOME V>IATION ON ?IS BASIC TATEM5T47   

 ,SECOND1 ,DEMOCRACY & ,NATURE'S MANAG+ $ITOR1 ,TAKIS ,FOTOP\LOS1 DROPP$ ,JOHN ,CL>K FROM ! J\RNAL'S ,9T]NATIONAL ,ADVISORY ,BO>D BECAUSE ( ! BITT] DISAGREEM5T BETWE5 ,FOTOP\LOS & ,CL>K AT ! ,SCOTL& CONF]5CE 7:I* ,I DESCRIB$ 9 MY ,DEMOCRACY & ,NATURE >TICLE ON ,CL>K 9 ISSUE #i74  ,AL?\< MY [N DISAGREEM5TS ) ,CL>K W]E WELL KN[N TO ,FOTOP\LOS1 ,I HAD NO?+ TO DO ) ! DECISION OR ACTION TO DROP HIM4 

 ,?IRD1 ,CL>K WAS NOT ! ONLY ADVIS] :O WAS DROPP$ FROM ! BO>D 9 ?AT ISSUE ( ,DEMOCRACY & ,NATURE4  ,SO WAS ,DIMITRI ,R\SSOP\LOS ( ,BLACK ,ROSE ,BOOKS1 ONE ( MY PR9CIPAL PUBLI%]S1 = REASONS ?AT HAD NO?+ :ATEV] TO DO ) EI!R ,CL>K OR ! ,SCOTL& CONF]5CE4  ,9 #aiif ,I MYSELF RESIGN$ FROM ! $ITORIAL ADVISORY BO>D BECAUSE ,I FELT ?AT TOO MANY IDEAS ?AT ,I DISAGRE$ ) W]E DOM9AT+ ! MAGAZ9E'S PRES5TATION4   

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aiig 3 ,:I!R ,AN>*ISM8 ,A ,REPLY TO ,REC5T ,AN>*I/ ,CRITICS -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,FEBRU>Y #b1 #bag 3 ,:I!R ,AN>*ISM8 ,A ,REPLY TO ,REC5T ,AN>*I/ ,CRITICS -- ,ADD$4 
,DECEMB] #c1 #bba 3 ,:I!R ,AN>*ISM8 ,A ,REPLY TO ,REC5T ,AN>*I/ ,CRITICS -- ,UPDAT$4 

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