,:AT'S ,WRONG ,) ,PO/AN>*ISM8 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,%AWN ,P4 ,WILBUR 

,TEXT 3 

,:AT IS N[ BE+ CALL$ 0PO/AN>*ISM0 BY SOME ?9K]S1 9CLUD+ ,SAUL ,NEWMAN1 CAN TAKE ON MANY =MS1 BUT ! T]M G5]ALLY REF]S TO AN ATTEMPT TO M>RY ! BE/ ASPECTS ( PO//RUCTURALI/ PHILOSOPHY & ! AN>*I/ TRADITION4 ,ONE WAY TO READ ! WORD1 ?US1 IS AS A COMPOSITE3 PO//RUCTURALISM & AN>*ISM4 ,H[EV]1 ! T]M ALSO SUGGE/S ?AT ! PO/- PREFIX APPLIES TO ITS NEW OBJECT AS WELL -- IMPLY+ ?AT AN>*ISM1 AT LEA/ AS H]ET(ORE ?\<T & PRACTIC$1 IS SOMEH[ OBSOLETE4 ,TOGE!R1 !SE TWO S5SES ( ! WORD =M A N>RATIVE3 AN AG+1 SP5T =CE 7AN>*ISM7 IS TO BE SAV$ FROM OBSOLESC5CE & IRRELEVANCE BY BE+ FUZ$ ) A FRE%1 VITAL =CE 7PO//RUCTURALISM74 ,WE W\LD LIKE TO QUE/ION ?IS N>RATIVE'S ASSUMPTIONS & TELEOLOGY1 BUT NOT )\T SOME APPRECIATION ( :AT IT HAS TO (F]4 

,AN>*I/S CAN 9DE$ USEFULLY TAKE SEV]AL ?+S FROM PO//RUCTURALISM3 

,H[>D ,RI*>DS HAS SAID ?AT 0:AT IS SOMETIMES CALL$ 'PO/-MOD]N CONSCI\SNESS'444 C\LD MORE MODE/LY BE CALL$ AN IMPROV$ UND]/&+ ( SYMBOLIC PROCESSES0 7,LETT]S ,FROM ,QUEBEC #b4#c#h4#h74  ,RA!R ?AN SEE+ HUMAN BE+S AS AUTONOM\S 9DIVIDUALS :O P]CEIVE ! WORLD OBJECTIVELY -- A NAIVE REALI/ POSITION :I* W\LD IMPLY ?AT ! *OICES WE MAKE TO P>TICIPATE 9 HI]>*ICAL & EXPLOITATIVE SY/EMS >E MADE ) OP5 EYES -- PO//RUCTURALI/S PO9T TO ! MANY WAYS 9 :I* \R CONSCI\SNESS ( ! WORLD IS FILT]$ ?R\< SOCIAL 0TEXTS0 :I* SCRIPT \R LIVES4 

,9 SO DO+1 PO//RUCTURALISM OP5S UP A NEW T]RA9 ( /RUGGLE = POLITICAL ANALYSIS3 ! /RUGGLE OV] SIGNS1 SYMBOLS1 REPRES5TATIONS1 & MEAN+ 9 ! M$IA 5VIRONM5T & EV]YDAY LIFE4  ,?IS HAS BE5 P>TICUL>LY IMPORTANT = FEM9I/ !ORY OV] ! LA/ =TY YE>S1 & IT \<T TO BE SO = AN>*ISM AS WELL4 

,AS LONG AS WE ?9K ( LANGUAGE AS A TOOL DI/9CT FROM ITS US]S1 WE CAN'T ADEQUATELY CRITICIZE ! NOTION ( 0! 9DIVIDUAL0 AS AN ISOLATABLE1 SELF-CONTA9$ UNIT1 & ?AT MEANS WE WILL /ILL HAVE TR\BLE ?9K+ BEYOND 7OR CONV9C+ O!RS TO TRY TO ?9K BEYOND7 ! SACR$ CATEGORIES ( CAPITALISM4  ,BY UND]M9+ NAIVELY 9DIVIDUALI/IC CONCEPTIONS ( SUBJECTIVITY1 PO//RUCTURALISM FURNI%ES A P[]FUL CONFIRMATION ( ! IMPORTANCE AN>*I/S HAVE ALWAYS ACCORD$ TO COMMUNITY & SOCIALITY4 

,ALL ( ?IS PROVIDES US ) SOME SPL5DID TOOLS = IDEOLOGICAL CRITIQUE4  ,PO//RUCTURALISM TRA9S US TO ?9K CRITICALLY 9 WAYS ?AT ALL[ US TO SEE ?R\< ! SEEM+ POLITICAL_/E?ICAL 0NEUTRALITY0 ( C]TA9 DISC\RSES4 ,WE CAN USE PO//RUCTURALI/ ANALYTICAL APPROA*ES TO READ TEXTS = ! WAY !Y USE LANGUAGE TO CON/RUCT ID5TITIES & DIVISIONS1 TO FRAME ISSUES & DI/ORT !M1 TO LIE BY OMISSION1 TO C5T] C]TA9 P]SPECTIVES :ILE M>G9ALIZ+ O!RS1 & SO ON4 

,TO UND]/& ?AT SOME ?+S :I* SEEM 0NATURAL0 >E CULTURALLY CON/RUCT$ IS TO BE AW>E ?AT !Y MI<T HAVE BE5 CON/RUCT$ O!RWISE4  ,PO//RUCTURALI/S *ALL5GE ! NOTION ?AT PEOPLE HAVE 0NATURES0 OR 0ESS5CES0 ?AT LIMIT & DET]M9E :AT !Y CAN BE -- A PO9T ?AT %\LD REM9D US ( ,KROPOTK9'S RIPO/E TO ! ,SOCIAL ,D>W9ISM ( SCI5TI/S LIKE ,HUXLEY1 :O PROPOS$ ?AT CAPITALISM & W> >E M]ELY SOCIAL EXPRESSIONS ( ! NATURAL /RUGGLE = 0SURVIVAL ( ! FITTE/40 

,AN>*I/S %\LD ALSO TAKE TO HE>T SOME ( ! E?ICAL IMPLICATIONS ( PO//RUCTURALISM4  ,A PO//RUCTURALI/ EMPHASIS ON 0O!RNESS10 ON HI/ORICAL & CULTURAL LOCAT$NESS1 ON ! MULTIPLICITY ( P]SPECTIVES & 0SUBJECT POSITIONS10 ON ! 9ESCAPABLE PLURALITY ( REPRES5TATIONS -- ALL %\LD CONFIRM & DEEP5 \R AW>5ESS ( \R [N LIMITATIONS1 \R S5SE ( RESPECT = O!RS4  ,:5 ,D]RIDA'S M5TOR1 ,EMMANUEL ,LEV9AS1 SAYS ?AT E?ICS IS ! TRUE 0FIR/ PHILOSOPHY10 HE DELIV]S ! BE/ POSSIBLE REBUKE TO ,M>X & O!R CRITICS ( AN>*ISM1 ) !IR CONTEMPT = A !ORY :I* WAS TOO 0SIMPLE0 TO BE ADEQUATE 7BAS$ AS IT WAS ON AN E?ICAL POSITION -- ! REJECTION ( DOM9ATION & HI]>*Y1 ! EMBRACE ( SOCIAL FRE$OM -- RA!R ?AN ON SOME SPECULATION AB\T ! LAWS ( ECONOMICS OR ! ULTIMATE GOAL ( HI/ORY74 

,PO//RUCTURALISM CAN /R5G!N AN>*I/ COMMITM5TS TO A SOCIAL CONCEPTION ( FRE$OM1 AS OPPOS$ TO A SIMPLEM9D$ 0LIB]ATIONISM0 = :I* EV]Y SOCIAL RELATION%IP IS M]ELY A CON/RA9T TO BE REJECT$4 ,DESPITE ! T5D5CY ( SOME TO READ PO//RUCTURALI/ ACC\NTS ( ! CON/RUCT$NESS ( ?+S AS AN 5DORSEM5T ( A 0DECON/RUCTIVE0 LIB]ATIONISM1 IT DOES (F] AT LEA/ SOME RES\RCES = ?9K+ AB\T ! NECESSITY & POSSIBILITY ( SOCIAL RECON/RUCTION4  ,F\CAULT1 = 9/ANCE1 RIDICULES LIB]ATIONISM 9 ITS LEFT-,FREUDIAN =MS 7C5T]$ ON ! CONCEPTS ( A NATURALLY GOOD DESIRE :I* MU/ BE 0EXPRESS$0 RA!R ?AN 0REPRESS$0 BY A BAD SOCIETY71 & ULTIMATELY PROPOSES A K9D ( 0E?ICS0 PREMIS$ ON \R ABILITY TO CON/RUCT \RSELVES4  ,IT'S NOT AN 5TIRELY SUCCESSFUL EF=T 7,F\CAULT IS /ILL SOME:AT CAPTIVE TO A LIB]ATIONI/ DISC\RSE 9 MU* ( HIS WRIT+71 BUT IT'S SUGGE/IVE4 ,D]RIDA APPE>S TO BE DEVELOP+ GRADUALLY A POLITICS ( 0FRI5D%IP10 0MEMORY10 0RESPONSIBILITY10 0HOSPITALITY10 ETC4 ,JEAN-,LUC ,NANCY1 ,GIORGIO ,AGAMB5 & O!RS HAVE GIV5 US A WEAL? ( 5GAGEM5TS ) 0COMMUNITY40 

,AT ! SAME TIME1 WE SEE A NUMB] ( S]I\S PROBLEMS ) PO/AN>*ISM'S MANN] ( W$D+ PO//RUCTURALISM TO AN>*ISM3 

,PO/AN>*ISM HAS1 AS ONE ( ITS CORE N>RATIVES1 A DRA/ICALLY R$UC$ NOTION ( :AT 0AN>*ISM0 IS & HAS BE54 ,! 0CLASSICAL AN>*I/0 TRADITION TREAT$ BY ,&REW ,M4 ,KO*1 ,TODD ,MAY1 ,SAUL ,NEWMAN1 & ,LEWIS ,CALL1 USUALLY RE/RICT$ TO A LIMIT$ NUMB] ( 0GREAT ?9K]S0 7,GODW91 ,PR\DHON1 ,BAKUN91 & ,KROPOTK971 IS R$UCTIVE AT BE/4 ,AS ! LATE ,JOHN ,MOORE NOT$ 9 HIS REVIEW ( ,! ,POLITICAL ,PHILOSOPHY ( ,PO//RUCTURALI/ ,AN>*ISM1 PO/AN>*I/S OMIT ANY M5TION ( 0SECOND WAVE0 OR 0CONTEMPOR>Y0 AN>*ISM1 R$UC+ A LIV+ TRADITION TO A DEAD 0HI/ORICAL PH5OM5ON0 CALL$ 0CLASSICAL AN>*ISM40 ,RE9] ,S*URMANN IS CONT5T TO DISMISS 0,PR\DHON1 ,BAKUN91 & !IR DISCIPLES10 9 A S+LE P>AGRAPH1 AS 0RATIONALI/0 ?9K]S1 PLA9 & SIMPLE4 ,!RE IS ALMO/ COMPLETE 9ATT5TION TO ! M>G9S ( ! 0CLASSICAL0 TEXTS1 NOT TO M5TION ! M>G9S ( ! TRADITION4 ,SU* 0M9OR0 !ORI/S AS ,GU/AV ,L&AU]1 ,VOLTAIR9E DE ,CLEYRE1 ,JOSIAH ,W>R51 ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN1 & ,PAUL ,GOODMAN1 TO NAME JU/ A FEW ( ?OSE EXCLUD$1 W\LD SEEM TO M]IT SOME CONSID]ATION1 P>TICUL>LY IF ! PROJECT IS A RE?9K+ ( 0NORMAL AN>*ISM40 

,CONFLICT1 AS WELL AS DIV]SITY1 IS SMOO!D OV] 9 ! HI/ORICAL ACC\NTS ( AN>*ISM GIV5 BY PO/AN>*I/S4 ,AN>*I/ HI/ORY IS A T]RA9 OCCUPI$ BY MAT]IALI/S & MY/ICS1 COMMUNI/S & MUTUALI/S1 NIHILI/S & SCI5TI/S1 PROGRESSIVI/S & PRIMITIVI/S ALIKE4 ,T]MS TAK5 = GRANT$ 9 MU* PO/AN>*I/ CRITIQUE -- 0SCI5CE10 = EXAMPLE -- W]E ! EXPLICIT SUBJECT ( COMPLEX /RUGGLES )9 AN>*ISM & SOCIALISM BROADLY4 ,TO FAIL TO LOOK AT ?IS HI/ORY ( 9T]NAL DIFF]5CE CAN ALSO BL9D US TO ! RELAT$ HI/ORY ( ORGANIZATIONAL CONFLICT & /RIFE -- ! O!R SET ( =CES AT WORK 9 %AP+ AN>*ISM & SOCIALISM AS WE HAVE HAD !M PASS$ D[N TO US4 ,M>C ,ANG5OT NOTES ?AT 0! PO9T ( DEP>TURE = ,PR\DHON0 IS NOT 0AN AXIOM10 BUT A S5SE ( 0SC&AL0 -- A PROVOCATION 9TO ?\<T BY 0SOME?+ UN?9KABLE40 ,JU/ AS WE HAVE TO READ ,KROPOTK9'S !ORY ( 0MUTUAL AID0 AS A RESPONSE 7OR1 AS ,K+SLEY ,WIDM] CALLS IT1 A 0C\NT]+07 TO ,HUXLEY1 WE \<T TO ANALYZE O!R KEY DEVELOPM5TS 9 AN>*I/ !ORY 9 ! CONTEXT ( AN AN>*I/ MILIEU TRAV]S$ BY A CONT9U+ S]IES ( DISPUTES1 CONTROV]SIES1 & EPI/EMOLOGICAL 0SC&ALS40 

,:]E ,KO*1 ,MAY1 ,NEWMAN1 & ,CALL EXAM9E SPECIFIC 0CLASSICAL AN>*I/0 TEXTS1 ! PASSAGES !Y CITE (T5 SEEM F> FROM REPRES5TATIVE ( ! ACTUAL >GUM5TS MADE BY ?OSE WRIT]S4 ,P>TICUL>LY :5 US+ TEXTS LIKE ,G4 ,P4 ,MAXIM(F'S ,POLITICAL ,PHILOSOPHY ( ,MIKHAIL ,BAKUN9 -- A PAT*WORK ( TRANSLAT$ QUOTATIONS FROM SOME TW5TY-N9E S\RCE TEXTS 9 ?REE LANGUAGES -- CLOSE ATT5TION TO ! OV]ALL USE ( CONCEPTS IS NECESS>Y TO COMP5SATE = ! UNSY/EMATIC NATURE ( ! ORIG9AL S\RCES4 ,LACK ( SU* ATT5TION1 TOGE!R ) PRECONCEPTIONS AB\T AN>*I/ 0RATIONALISM10 CAN LEAD TO CURI\S MISREAD+S4 ,9 ,NEWMAN'S 0,AN>*ISM & ! ,POLITICS ( ,RESS5TIM5T10 = EXAMPLE1 ! >GUM5T PROCE$S BY READ+ 0CLASSICAL AN>*ISM10 REPRES5T$ BY ,BAKUN9 & ,KROPOTK91 AS FOLL[S3 AT C]TA9 PO9TS1 !SE AN>*I/S DEPICT ! HUMAN SUBJECT AS NATURALLY OPPOS$ TO P[]1 :ILE AT O!R PO9TS !Y SEEM TO SAY ?AT P[] NATURALLY EMANATES FROM HUMAN SUBJECTS4  ,FROM ?IS PREMISE1 ,NEWMAN GOES ON TO CONCLUDE ?AT CLASSICAL AN>*ISM IS RIV5 BY A FUNDAM5TAL 9CONSI/5CY1 A DAMAG+ 0CONTRADICTION40 ,! UN/AT$ ASSUMPTION :I* W>RANTS ?IS MOVE FROM PREMISE TO CONCLUSION IS ?AT !SE TWO *>ACT]IZATIONS ( ! HUMAN SUBJECT >E MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE -- ?AT ,BAKUN9 & ,KROPOTK9 CANNOT 9T5D BO?4 ,?IS ASSUMPTION BEGS ! QUE/ION3 :Y NOT8 ,9 FACT1 A CLOSE READ+ ( TEXTS BY !SE !ORI/S W\LD SUPPORT A DIFF]5T CONCLUSION -- ?AT = BO? ( !M1 IT IS ! HUMAN SUBJECT ITSELF :I* IS ! SITE1 AS ,KROPOTK9 WRITES 9 HIS ,E?ICS1 ( A 0FUNDAM5TAL CONTRADICTION40 ,:AT ,NEWMAN MISSES IS ! POSSIBILITY ?AT1 9 ,DAVE ,MORL&'S WORDS1 0AN>*I/S >E PROPRIETORS ( A D\BLE-B>REL$ CONCEPTION ( HUMAN NATURE0 AS COMPOS$ ( 0BO? SOCIABILITY & EGOISM40 ,( C\RSE1 = ,ANGLOPHONE WRIT]S & READ]S1 ! DIFFICULTIES ( UND]/&+ >E COMP\ND$ BY A L+UI/IC B>RI]3 = 9/ANCE1 ( ! ?IRTY-N9E TEXTS COLLECT$ 9 FIFTE5 VOLUMES ( ,PR\DHON'S COMPLETE WORKS1 ONLY F\R HAVE EV] BE5 TRANSLAT$ 9TO ,5GLI%1 SO ! ONLY GLIMPSES ( HIS MORE AMBITI\S 0!ORETICAL0 WORK AVAILABLE TO US -- 9CLUD+ HIS P>ADOXICALLY 0ABSOLUTE0 REFUSAL ( 0! ,ABSOLUTE0 -- >E 9 ,SELECT$ ,WRIT+S ( ,PI]RE-,JOSEPH ,PR\DHON1 A COLLECTION ( SCATT]$ QUOTATIONS4 

,PO//RUCTURALI/ CRITIQUES ( 0CLASSICAL AN>*ISM0 T5D TO PLACE IT 9 9TELLECTUAL CONTEXTS -- 0HUMANISM10 0RATIONALISM10 0,5LI<T5M5T0 -- :I* >E LIKEWISE TREAT$ 9 ! MO/ R$UCTIVE T]MS4 ,= 9/ANCE1 ,C>TESIAN RATIONALISM IS CONFLAT$ ) MOVEM5TS DIRECTLY OPPOS$ TO IT -- & IS APPLI$ TO TEXTS FROM ! LATE #a#i? C5TURY1 AS IF !RE WAS NO SIGNIFICANT DEVELOPM5TS 9 IDEAS AB\T SUBJECTIVITY1 TRU?1 OR RATIONALITY AFT] ! #a#g? C5TURY4 ,RA!R ?AN >TIFICIALLY TY+ ! IDEAS ( AN>*I/ !ORI/S TO ?OSE ( PHILOSOPH]S !Y DIRECTLY OPPOSE 7SU* AS ,R\SSEAU71 WE MI<T BE BETT] (F LOOK+ AT ,KROPOTK9'S USE ( ,WUNDT'S PSY*OLOGY & ,GUYAU'S E?ICS1 ,GOLDMAN'S READ+ ( ,NIETZS*E1 ,GODW9'S 5GAGEM5T ) ! EPI/EMOLOGY ( ,HUME & ,H>TLEY1 ,MALATE/A'S FLIRTATION ) PRAGMATISM1 OR :AT ,BAKUN9 MI<T HAVE LE>N$ FROM ,S*ELL+'S CALL = A 0PHILOSOPHY ( EXI/5CE0 9 OPPOSITION TO ,HEGEL'S 0PHILOSOPHY ( ESS5CE40 ,CONTEMPOR>Y ,FR5* SOCIOLOGI/ ,DANIEL ,COLSON'S REC5T ESSAY ON 0,AN>*I/ ,READ+S ( ,SP9OZA0 9 ! J\RNAL ,REFRACTIONS IS SUGGE/IVE ( :AT CAN BE DONE ALONG !SE L9ES4 

,HAV+ CON/RUCT$1 ON SU* AN IMPOV]I%$ BASIS1 AN IDEOLOGICAL <O/ CALL$ 0CLASSICAL AN>*ISM10 PO/AN>*I/S !N SUBJECT ?IS PHANTOM 5TITY TO A CRITIQUE BAS$ ON SOME DRA/ICALLY UND]!ORIZ$ CONCEPTS1 T5D+ TO PROCE$ AS IF ! MEAN+ ( KEY T]MS LIKE 0NATURE10 0P[]10 & EV5 0PO//RUCTURALISM0 W]E BO? SELF-EVID5T & UN*ANG+4 ,!Y ACT1 AS ,F\CAULT HE>S ,NIETZS*E COMPLA9 ( ,PAUL ,REE1 AS IF 0WORDS HAD KEPT !IR MEAN+444 IGNOR.<+.> ! FACT ?AT ! WORLD ( SPEE*444 HAS KN[N 9VASIONS1 /RUGGLES1 PLUND]+1 DISGUISES1 PLOYS40 ,MOORE1 AGA91 F+]$ ?IS DIFFICULTY3 0',ONE W\LD NOT CALL ALL EX]CISES ( P[] OPPRESSIVE1' ,MAY /ATES4 ,BUT SURELY ?AT DEP5DS UPON :O ONE IS40 ,:Y ASSUME ?AT :AT ,BAKUN9 MEANT BY ! WORD 0P[]10 9 ONE P>TICUL> ESSAY1 IS ! SAME CONCEPT DESIGNAT$ BY ,F\CAULT'S USE ( ! WORD1 OR ,MOORE'S1 OR ,MAY'S -- OR EV5 ?AT NAM$ BY ! SAME WORD 9 A DIFF]5T ,BAKUN9 ESSAY8 ,9DE$1 EV5 ,NEWMAN SEEMS TO ALL[ ! MEAN+ ( ! T]M TO SLIDE 9 A /RATEGICALLY CONV5I5T MANN]3 ON ! FIR/ PAGE ( ,FROM ,BAKUN9 TO ,LACAN1 HE USES 0P[]0 AS SYNONYM\S ) 0DOM9ATION10 0HI]>*IES10 & 0REPRESSION10 BUT SOON %IFTS OV] TO A ,F\CAULDIAN USAGE :I* DEF9ES 0P[]0 AS 0SOME?+ TO BE ACCEPT$ AS UNAVOIDABLE10 :ILE DEF9+ 0DOM9ATION0 & 0AU?ORITY0 AS ?+S :I* >E 0TO BE RESI/$40 ,! PROBLEM IS ?AT1 DEP5D+ ON :I* DEF9ITION IS 9 PLAY1 ,NEWMAN C\LD BE CONTRADICT+ ,BAKUN9 OR SIMPLY REIT]AT+ HIM4 ,9 HIS 0,REFLECTIONS ON ,AN>*ISM10 ,BRIAN ,MORRIS MAKES A DI/9CTION 7SIMIL> TO ! ,SP9OZAN OPPOSITION BETWE5 0POTE/AS0 & 0POT5TIA0 TO :I* ,ANTONIO ,NEGRI & ,MI*AEL ,H>DT APEAL7 BETWE5 0P[] OV]0 & 0! P[] TO DO SOME?+40  ,IT IS ONLY 0P[]0 9 ! FIR/ S5SE ?AT AN>*I/S CATEGORICALLY OPPOSE1 :ILE 0P[]0 9 ! SECOND S5SE1 AS :AT ,HANNAH ,>5DT CALLS 0! HUMAN ABILITY NOT JU/ TO ACT BUT TO ACT 9 CONC]T10 IS C5TRAL TO AN>*I/ !ORIZATIONS ( ! SOCIAL4 ,BAKUN9 CONSID]S :AT HE & ,PR\DHON CALL 0SOCIAL P[]10 CONCEIV$ AS ! NON-CO]CIVE 9FLU5CE ( 9DIVIDUALS & GR\PS ON ONE ANO!R1 TO BE ABSOLUTELY REAL & 9]ADICABLE1 CONDEMN+ AS 0IDEALI/0 ! 0WI% TO ESCAPE0 ! PLAY ( 0PHYSICAL1 9TELLECTUAL1 & MORAL 9FLU5CES0 :I* IS CONT9U\S ) SOCIETY ITSELF3 0,TO DO AWAY ) ?IS RECIPROCAL 9FLU5CE IS DEA?40 

,! 9T5D$ S5SE ( ! PREFIX 0PO/-0 9 0PO/AN>*ISM0 (T5 SEEMS TO BE UNCRITICALLY PROGRESSIVE1 AS IF 0AN>*ISM0 P] SE IS SOME?+ ?AT BELONGS TO ! PA/2 ?IS IS RE9=C$ BY ! FREQU5T SUGGE/IONS ?AT AN>*ISM IS M]ELY A CONT9UATION ( A CLAPP$-\T 0,5LI<T5M5T0 ?\<T4  ,?IS IS F> TOO SIMPLI/IC4 ,FIR/ ( ALL1 Y\ DON'T HAVE TO BE ,NOAM ,*OMSKY TO ?9K ?AT ! ,5LI<T5M5T PRODUC$ SOME IDEAS ( LA/+ VALUE3 AS ,DONNA ,H>AWAY SUGGE/S1 0,5LI<T5M5T MODES ( KN[L$GE HAVE BE5 RADICALLY LIB]AT+0 BECAUSE 0!Y GIVE ACC\NTS ( ! WORLD ?AT CAN *ECK >BITR>Y P[]40 ,SECONDLY1 IT IS BY NO MEANS CLE> ?AT PO//RUCTURALISM PLACES ITSELF CATEGORICALLY \TSIDE1 AFT]1 OR BEYOND ! ?\<T ( 0,5LI<T5M5T10 NOR ?AT IT CAN OR \<T TO4 ,LYOT>D DEF9ES ! 0PO/MOD]N0 AS ?AT )9 ! 0MOD]N0 :I* KEEPS IT LIVELY & RESI/S REIFICATION1 & !SE DAYS1 EV5 ,NEWMAN ACKN[L$GES ?AT = ,F\CAULT !RE >E NOT ONE BUT TWO 0,5LI<T5M5TS0 -- 0! ,5LI<T5M5T ( CONT9UAL QUE/ION+ & UNC]TA9TY0 AS WELL AS ?AT ( 0RATIONAL C]TA9TY1 ABSOLUTE ID5TITY1 & DE/9Y40 ,WE CAN ALSO RECALL H]E ,D]RIDA'S GU>D$ DEF5SE ( 0! PROJECTS ( ! ,5LI<T5M5T0 & ,H>AWAY'S 09SID] /RATEGY0 :]E SCI5CE & DEVELOPM5T >E CONC]N$1 *>ACT]I/ICALLY PREF]R+ 0BLASPHEMY0 TO 0APO/ACY10 EMPHASIZ+ *OICE )9 A CONFLICT$1 DANG]\S FIELD 9/EAD ( SIMPLE OPPOSITION TO :AT IS ULTIMATELY A 0NATURALIZ$0 /RUCTURE RA!R ?AN A NATURAL ONE4 0,NON-9NOC5T0 RESI/ANCE & ! BUS9ESS ( DEAL+ ) COMPLICITY SEEM TO BE COMMON TO MANY PO//RUCTURALI/ POSITIONS4 ,HAV+ %IFT$ AWAY FROM SIMPLE OPPOSITION1 PO//RUCTURALISM HAS TO AB&ON SOME SIMPLE =MS ( MORALIZ+ AS WELL4 ,?IS IS :Y1 F9ALLY1 ,H>AWAY REJECTS ! 0PO/MOD]N0 LABEL1 PREF]R+ ,LAT\R'S =MULATION ?AT 0WE HAVE NEV] BE5 MOD]N40 ,& IT'S :Y FOLKS FROM ,BAUDRILL>D TO ,D]RIDA HAVE SU* A DISMISSIVE ATTITUDE T[>D 0GOOD S\LS0 :O ?9K !Y CAN ATTACK SOME?+ LIKE 0! ,5LI<T5M5T0 FROM ! \TSIDE1 )\T COMPLICITY4 ,9 ANY CASE1 PO//RUCTURALI/S HAVE PROVID$ US ) MANY1 MANY REASONS TO BE 09CR$UL\S0 T[>DS 0GR& N>RATIVES0 ( L9E> HI/ORICAL PROGRESS & TO REMA9 OP5 TO :AT IS OP51 LIV+1 & POT5TIALLY RADICAL 9 TRADITION4 

,! WAY 9 V>I\S CRITICAL MIS/EPS CAN COMP\ND ONE ANO!R IS P]HAPS CLE>E/ 9 ! DISCUSSIONS ( 0ESS5TIALISM40 ,MU* PO/AN>*I/ CRITIQUE E*OES ,NIETZS*E'S *>GE ?AT AN>*ISM IS 0POISON$ AT ! ROOT0 7A RA!R ESS5TIALI/ CLAIM72 = PO/AN>*I/S1 IRONICALLY ! 0POISON0 IS 0ESS5TIALISM40 ,?IS NOTION H[EV]1 IS COMPROMIS$ TO BEG9 )3 = SOME TIME N[1 !ORI/S FROM ,DIANA ,FUSS TO ,HUB]T ,DREYFUS HAVE BE5 COMPLA9+ ?AT ! T]M 0ESS5TIALISM0 HAS BECOME A M]E PEJORATIVE EPI!T1 SO FLEXIBLE 9 ITS USAGES 7,NICK ,HASLAM C\NTS NO LESS ?AN SIX DI/9CT CONCEPTS LUMP$ TOGE!R UND] ! ONE WORD7 ?AT IT CAN BE APPLI$ TO ALMO/ ANY /ATEM5T QUA /ATEM5T1 & FEM9I/S LIKE ,GAYATRI ,SPIVAK HAVE >GU$ ?AT SOME USES ( 0/RATEGIC ESS5TIALISM0 >E 5DEMIC TO ANY POLITICS :ATSOEV]4 ,NONE!LESS1 = ,KO*1 ,MAY1 & ,NEWMAN ALIKE1 ,GODW91 ,PR\DHON1 & ,KROPOTK9 >E REPRES5TATIVE ( A HOPELESSLY 0ESS5TIALI/0 OR 0ONTOLOGICAL0 AN>*ISM3 AS ,KO* WRITES1 0EI<TE5?- & N9ETE5?-C5TURY AN>*I/S' ATTACKS ON ! /ATE W]E BAS$ ON A 'RATIONAL' REPRES5TATION ( HUMAN NATURE0 9 :I* A BASICALLY /ATIC HUMAN SUBJECT IS 9NATELY POSSESS$ ( 0REASON1 COMPASSION1 & GREG>I\SNESS02 ON ?IS VIEW1 0CORRUPTION TAKES PLACE )9 SOCIAL 9/ITUTIONS & IS NOT AN ESS5TIAL P>T ( HUMAN NATURE10 S9CE 0! HUMAN BE+ IS SE5 AS A RATIONAL1 COGNITIVE1 & COMPASSIONATE CREATURE40 ,C]TA9LY1 IF !SE !ORI/S BELIEV$ 9 ?IS SORT ( 9NATE GOODNESS1 !Y W\LD HAVE A H>D TIME EXPLA9+ ! PREVAL5CE ( VIOL5CE1 9EQUALITY1 & DOM9ATION2 H[EV]1 !Y AFFIRM NO SU* ?+4 ,= 9/ANCE1 9 HIS ,9QUIRY ,CONC]N+ ,POLITICAL ,JU/ICE1 F> FROM ASSUM+ A SPONTANE\SLY GOOD1 RATIONAL1 OR GREG>I\S HUMAN SUBJECT1 ,GODW9 DEPICTS ! SUBJECT AS ! RESULT ( SOCIAL CON/RUCTION3 0! ACTIONS & DISPOSITIONS ( M5 >E NOT ! (F-SPR+ ( ANY ORIG9AL BIAS ?AT !Y BR+ 9TO ! WORLD 9 FAVOR ( ONE S5TIM5T OR *>ACT] RA!R ?AN ANO!R1 BUT FL[ 5TIRELY FROM ! OP]ATION ( CIRCUM/ANCES & EV5TS ACT+ UPON A FACULTY ( RECEIV+ S5SIBLE IMPRESSIONS40  ,?US1 HE RIDICULES ! IDEA ?AT COMPLEX BEHAVIORAL PATT]NS SU* AS A FAVORABLE DISPOSITION T[>DS 0VIRTUE0 >E 0SOME?+ ?AT WE BR+ 9TO ! WORLD ) US1 A MY/ICAL MAGAZ9E1 %UT UP 9 ! HUMAN EMBRYO1 :OSE TREASURES >E TO BE GRADUALLY UNFOLD$ AS CIRCUM/ANCES %ALL REQUIRE10 & D5IES EQUALLY ?AT 0SELF-LOVE0 7EGOISM7 OR 0PITY0 7COMPASSION7 >E 09/9CTS02 BO?1 TO HIM1 >E LE>N$ BEHAVIORS4 ,! 0REPRES5TATION0 ( ! HUMAN SUBJECT ?AT EM]GES FROM ,POLITICAL ,JU/ICE IS F> FROM 0FIX$0 OR 0CLOS$0 -- IT IS DYNAMIC1 5DLESSLY MUTABLE3 0,IDEAS >E TO ! M9D NE>LY :AT ATOMS >E TO ! BODY4 ,! :OLE MASS IS 9 A P]PETUAL FLUX2 NO?+ IS /ABLE & P]MAN5T2 AFT] ! LAPSE ( A GIV5 P]IOD NOT A S+LE P>TICLE PROBABLY REMA9S ! SAME40 ,?IS1 9 FACT1 IS :Y ,GODW9 ?9KS WE >E CAPABLE ( DO+ BETT]1 & IT IS :Y HE WROTE SO EXT5SIVELY ON QUE/IONS ( P$AGOGY & CULTURE3 JU/ AS GOV]NM5T IS ULTIMATELY F\ND$ NOT ON PHYSICAL CO]CION BUT ON POPUL> OB$I5CE SPR++ FROM CULTURALLY LE>N$ 0OP9IONS0 & 0PREJUDICES10 A NON-AU?ORIT>IAN SOCIETY W\LD HAVE TO BE ! PRODUCT ( CULTURAL *ANGE -- NOT 0HUMAN NATURE40 ,HIS REAL >GUM5T AGA9/ 0! /ATE1 AS A CO]CIVE 9/ITUTION0 7& AGA9/ EV]Y O!R CO]CIVE 9/ITUTION7 IS SIMPLY ?AT IT IS CO]CIVE1 :5 COOP]ATION IS POSSIBLE4 ,HUMAN BE+S -- :ATEV] ELSE WE >E -- >E CAPABLE ( NEGOTIAT+ CONFLICTS & COORD9AT+ EF=TS )\T RESORT+ TO =CE OR MANIPULATION4 ,9 ,GODW9'S WORDS3 0,! EVILS EXI/+ 9 POLITICAL SOCIETY444 >E NOT ! 9SEP>ABLE CONDITION ( \R EXI/5CE1 BUT ADMIT ( REMOVAL & REM$Y40 ,?IS IS ALL ?AT EV] NE$ BE >GU$ ONTOLOGICALLY1 & ALL ?AT ,PR\DHON1 ,BAKUN91 & ,KROPOTK9 REALLY REQUIRE3 ! POSSIBILITY ( FREE COOP]ATION1 :I* IS ! POSSIBILITY ( A LIFE 9 :I* NO ONE IS TREAT$ M]ELY AS AN 9/RUM5T4 

,! 0EPI/EMOLOGICALLY BAS$0 OR 0PO//RUCTURALI/0 AN>*ISM ?AT ,KO* TRACES BACK ?R\< ,NIETZS*E TO ,/IRN]1 ON ! O!R H&1 IS PRECISELY ! CONCEPTION ( ! WORLD 9 :I* ALL RELATIONS >E HELD TO BE 9/RUM5TAL -- & H]E IS ANO!R MAJOR PROBLEM ) PO/AN>*I/ PROJECTS4 ,9 CRITICIZ+ ! SUPPOS$ 0ESS5TIALISM0 ( 0CLASSICAL AN>*ISM10 RA!R TOO MANY PO/AN>*I/S ?R[ ! BABY \T ) ! BA?WAT]1 REJECT+ ! BROADLY COMMUNIT>IAN1 POPULI/1 & WORK+-CLASS *>ACT] ( ?AT TRADITION1 & PRES]V+ ONLY ,/IRN]'S RADICAL 9DIVIDUALISM4 ,9DE$1 = ,NEWMAN1 ,/IRN]'S VALUE IS PRECISELY ?AT HE 0P]PETUATES0 ,HOBBES'S 0W> MODEL0 ( SOCIETY1 :ILE ,KO* F9DS 9 HIS ?OR\<GO+ NOM9ALISM A WEAPON TO USE AGA9/ 0! TYRANNY ( GLOBALIZ+ DISC\RSE10 ULTIMATELY AGA9/ ALL 0UNIV]SALS40 ,! PROBLEM IS ?AT ,/IRN]'S NOTION ( 0UNIQU5ESS0 D5IES LEGITIMACY TO ANY UNIV]SAL & EV]Y COLLECTIVITY3 IF1 AS ,KO* SAYS1 ANY 0CONCEPTS UND] :I* ACTION IS COORD9AT$0 CAN BE DISMISS$ AS M]E 0FICTIONS10 :ILE ONLY ! 09DIVIDUAL0 IS 0REAL10 !N IT MU/ FOLL[ ?AT ANY COORD9AT$ ACTION OR 0CONS5SUAL POLITICS0 IS SIMPLY A =M ( DOM9ATION1 ! 0IMPOS.<ITION.>0 ( 0ONE SET ( METAPHORS0 ON ! 9F9ITE PLURALITY ( SOCIETY4  ,NEWMAN 9SI/S ?AT 0,/IRN] IS NOT OPPOS$ TO ALL =MS ( MUTUALITY10 CIT+ HIS CONCEPT ( A 0,UNION ( ,EGOI/S10 BUT ?IS1 TOO1 IS AN 9ADEQUATE & IMPLAUSIBLE CONCEPTION -- A K9D ( LAISSEZ-FAIRE UTOPIA 9 :I* ! SOCIAL IS REPLAC$ BY ! UTILIT>IAN1 EQUALITY PRODUC$ BY ! EQUAL EX]TION ( =CE1 & ! COMMON GOOD IS R$UCIBLE TO AN 9F9ITY ( PRIVATE :IMS4 ,ULTIMATELY1 = ,/IRN]1 0COMMUNITY444 IS IMPOSSIBLE40 ,NOR IS IT CLE> ?AT ,/IRN] MANAGES TO AVOID HIS [N =M ( ESS5TIALISM 9 POSIT+ A 0FIX$0 CONCEPT ( ! SUBJECT AS AN SELF-ID5TICAL 0NO?+NESS40 ,:]E AN>*I/S HAVE >TICULAT$ %>P CRITIQUES ( ,/IRN] -- ,L&AU]'S OBJECTION WAS PRECISELY ?AT ,/IRN]'S 0EGO0 IS SOME?+ ?AT NEV] DEVELOPS OR GR[S1 S9CE ANY?+ IT TAKES 91 IT HAS TO SPIT \T1 LE/ IT BECOME A 0FIX$ IDEA0 -- SOME PO//RUCTURALI/S HAVE BE5 PRONE TO OV]LOOK PROBLEMS3 ?US1 ,KO* UNCRITICALLY 5DORSES ,/IRN]'S CLAIM ?AT 0SOCAL LIB]ALISM ROBS PEOPLE ( !IR PROP]TY 9 ! NAME ( COMMUNITY10 AS IF ?IS DID NOT APPEAL TO A RA!R FLAGRANTLY ESS5TIALI/ NOTION ( ! 0P]SON0 & :AT IS 0PROP]0 TO IT4 ,:ILE ,/IRN]'S ATTACK ON ! BLOODLESS AB/RACTIONS ( LIB]AL POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY IS /ILL RELEVANT1 !Y CAN BE & HAVE BE5 >TICULAT$ BY O!RS 7SU* AS ,BAKUN97 )\T ! ACCOMPANY+ 5DORSEM5T ( AN ALL-TOO-IDEOLOGICALLY-SUSPECT 9DIVIDUALISM4 

,SEE+ H[ PO/AN>*ISM CON/ITUTES ITSELF VIA A RHETORIC :I* DISMISSES ! CATEGORIES ( ! NATURAL & ! UNIV]SAL T\T C\RT1 WE %\LD NOT BE SURPRIS$ TO F9D ?AT IT TAKES ON BO>D A SUB/ANTIAL QUANTITY ( SUBJECTIVISM & RELATIVISM4 ,IT IS 9/RUCTIVE TO TRACE ,MIKE ,MI*AEL'S >GUM5TS DEMON/RAT+ :AT HE TAKES TO BE ! RELEVANCE = AN>*ISM ( ,BRUNO ,LAT\R'S SOCIOLOGICAL CRITIQUE ( SCI5CE1 = :I* AGREEM5TS >E ONLY EV] A MATT] ( 0P[]10 PRODUC$ ?R\< A PROCESS ( 09T]ESSEM5T0 OR 0RECRUITM5T0 9 :I* 0ONE AIMS TO CONV9CE ACTORS ?AT1 RA!R ?AN MA9TA9 A P>TICUL> SET ( SELF-UND]/&+S444 !Y %\LD REALLY BE CONCEPTUALIZ+ !MSELVES ?R\< ! CATEGORIES ?AT Y\ PROVIDE40 ,FROM ?IS K9D ( PO//RUCTURALI/ P]SPECTIVE1 !RE IS NO WAY TO DI/+UI% BETWE5 FREE AGREEM5TS & 9/RUM5TALI/ MANIPULATION3 COOP]ATION IS ALWAYS A CON GAME4 ,AS ,MAY HAS NOT$ REC5TLY1 9 A REVIEW ( ,NEWMAN'S ,FROM ,BAKUN9 TO ,LACAN1 !SE V>IETIES ( PO//RUCTURALISM TAKE SU* A 0DECON/RUCTIVE APPROA* TO LANGUAGE & POLITICS0 ?AT !Y SEEM TO PRECLUDE 0! K9D ( COLLECTIVE ACTION ?AT SEEMS NECESS>Y = POLITICAL SUCCESS03 0,9DET]M9ACY IS1 TO MY M9D1 A WEAK BASIS = POLITICAL ?\<T & ORGANIZ+4 ,IT T5DS TO DRIVE PEOPLE AP>T RA!R ?AN BR++ !M TOGE!R40 ,KO* LIKEWISE DECL>ES ?AT 0! RELATIVITY ( BO? ONTOLOGY & EPI/EMOLOGY1 ! PLURALITY ( LANGUAGE SY/EMS1 & ! IMPOSSIBILITY ( COMMUNICAT+ 9T5D$ MEAN+0 IMPLY ?AT 0! POT5TIAL TO REA* CONS5SUS )\T DECEPTION OR =CE BECOMES IMPOSSIBLE40 ,IT IS NOT TO HIS CR$IT ?AT ,KO* T]MS ?IS MIS]ABLE RESULT 0AN>*Y40 

,! AN>*I/ TRADITION IS NOT A COMPLETE1 P]FECT :OLE :I* IS BEYOND QUE/ION OR CRITICISM2 IT /&S 9 NE$ ( RIGOR\S & P]MAN5T CRITIQUE1 & C]TA9 ELEM5TS ( PO//RUCTURALI/ !ORY MI<T BE VALUABLE 9 ?IS RECON/RUCTIVE WORK4 ,9 ?IS RESPECT1 ,COLSON'S REC5TLY PUBLI%$ ,PETIT LEXIQUE PHILOSOPHIQUE DE L'AN>*ISME DE ,PR\DHON A ,DELEUZE1 :ILE IT HAS REC\RSE TO SOME DUBI\S PO//RUCTURALI/ RHETORIC 79 PHRASES SU* AS 0REJECT+ ALL M$IATION071 SEEMS TO ILLU/RATE SOME ( ! MORE 9T]E/+ 9T]SECTIONS BETWE5 #a#i?-C5TURY AN>*I/ IDEAS & PRACTICES1 ON ! ONE H&1 & ,DELEUZE'S 0/RANGE UNITY444 :I* NEV] SPEAKS BUT ( ! MULTIPLE0 ON ! O!R4 ,H]E1 ,PR\DHON1 ,BAKUN91 ,KROPOTK91 & ,/IRN] >E REVISIT$1 BUT SO >E ,MAKHNO1 ,BOOK*91 ,GRAVE1 ,MI*EL1 ,PELL\TI]1 ,RECLUS1 & ,L&AU]1 AS WELL AS ,AGAMB51 ,S]RES1 ,LAT\R1 DE ,C]TEAU1 ,BALIB>1 & ,NEGRI4 ,RA!R ?AN UNIDIRECTIONALLY PROJECT+ PO//RUCTURALISM BACK ONTO AN>*ISM 70CORRECT+0 ITS SUPPOS$ HUMANI/1 F\NDATIONALI/1 RATIONALI/1 & ESS5TIALI/ 0]RORS071 ,COLSON PLACES ! TWO DISC\RSES 9 DIALOGUE1 ALL[+ EA* TO ILLUM9ATE ! O!R 9 ITS TURN4 

,WE >E EXCIT$ TO F9D SOCIAL PHILOSOPH]S ATTEMPT+ TO RE?9K AN>*ISM 9 CONNECTION ) PO//RUCTURALISM -- & IMPATI5T ) :AT WE SEE AS ! %ORTCOM+S ( !SE ATTEMPTS4 ,WE VALUE ! PO//RUCTURALI/ WORK 9 L>GE P>T BECAUSE IT /RIKES US AS CONC]N$ ) GO+ TO ! LIMITS1 F9D+ ITS [N BREAK+ PO9TS4 ,PO//RUCTURALISM ACKN[L$GES ! DUAL RESPONSIBILITIES ( RADICALS TO 5GAGE 9 POT5TIALLY 09T]M9ABLE0 ANALYZES :ILE NOT LETT+ US =GET H[ IMM$IATELY URG5T ! PROBLEMS ?AT FACE US >E4 ,BUT IT HAS V]Y LITTLE SPECIFIC ANALYSIS ( ITS [N1 & IS HESITANT 9 ITS 5GAGEM5TS ) ! TRADITIONAL =MS ( ! /RUGGLE = FRE$OM4 ,IT IS \R HOPE ?AT BY PUTT+ ITS 9SI<TS 9TO PLAY ) ! OLD] 9SI<TS ( ! LIB]T>IAN SOCIALI/ TRADITION1 WE CAN OV]COME SOME POT5TIAL MISCONCEPTIONS AB\T ! ROAD T[>DS A FREE SOCIETY & PUT BACK 9TO PLAY SOME O!RWISE 0LO/0 /RATEGIES & 9SI<TS4 

"9 "9 "9 

,JESSE ,COHN LIVES 9 ,VALP>AISO1 ,9DIANA1 :]E HE IS A ,GRE5 ACTIVI/ & AN ,ASSI/ANT ,PR(ESSOR ( ,5GLI% AT ,PURDUE ,UNIV]SITY ,NOR? ,C5TRAL4 ,REC5T PUBLICATIONS 9CLUDE 0,:AT IS ,PO/AN>*ISM ',PO/'80  9 ,PO/MOD]N ,CULTURE 7,SEPTEMB] #b#b7 & 0,AN>*ISM1 ,REPRES5TATION1 & ,CULTURE0 79 PROCE$+S ( ! ,CULTURE & ! ,MOD]N ,/ATE CONF]5CE1 =?COM+74  ,HE IS CURR5TLY COMPLET+ A BOOK ON AN>*I/ LIT]>Y !ORY1 FOCUS+ ON ! QUE/ION ( 0REPRES5TATION0 AS IT AFFECTS ! ?REE REALMS ( 9T]PRETATION1 ES!TICS1 & POLITICS1 ) ! WORK+ TITLE ( ,AN>*ISM & ! ,CRISIS ( ,REPRES5TATION4 

,%AWN ,P4 ,WILBUR IS A BOOKSELL]1 ELECTRONIC MUSICIAN1 LIVE S\ND 5G9E] & 9DEP5D5T S*OL>4 ,HE HOLDS AN ,M,A 9 ,AM]ICAN ,CULTURE ,/UDIES FROM ,B[L+ ,GRE5 ,/ATE ,UNIV]SITY4 ,HE IS A MEMB] ( ! ,SPOON ,COLLECTIVE1 :I* PROVIDES ONL9E =UMS = ! DISCUSSION ( V>I\S POLITICAL & PHILOSOPHICAL SUBJECTS1 9CLUD+ PO/AN>*ISM4 ,HE IS CURR5TLY WORK+ ON A HI/ORY ( AN>*ISM 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 ) AN EMPHASIS ON ! 9DIVIDUALI/ & MUTUALI/ CURR5TS )9 ! MOVEM5T4 ,HIS WORK 9 V>I\S >EAS CAN BE F\ND AT WWW4LIB]T>IAN-LABYR9?4ORG 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,APRIL #b#g1 #bb 3 ,:AT'S ,WRONG ,) ,PO/AN>*ISM8 -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #d1 #bbb 3 ,:AT'S ,WRONG ,) ,PO/AN>*ISM8 -- ,UPDAT$4 

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