,:AT ,TIME ,IS ,IT8 
,A ,RESPONSE TO ,Z]ZAN 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,BOB ,BRUBAK] 

,TEXT 3 

,9 RESPONSE TO 0,BEG9N+ ( ,TIME1 ,5D ( ,TIME10 ,F,E _?#c#a#c1 ,SUMM]1 #a#i#h#c4 

,! QUE/ION ( TIME & ITS RELATION%IP TO DOM9ATION IS C5TRAL TO UND]/&+ \R CAPTIVITY4 ,JOHN'S >TICLE ATTEMPTS TO COME TO GRIPS ) ?IS V]Y DIFFICULT SUBJECT2 :ILE :AT FOLL[S IS (T5 CRITICAL ( HIS ATTEMPT1 ,I DO NOT WANT TO SLI<T ITS RADICAL 9T5T OR ! H>D WORK HE PUT 9TO IT4 ,NOR %\LD !SE CRITICISMS OBSCURE ! FACT ?AT IT IS AN IMPORTANT 9TRODUCTION- TO ! QUE/ION ( TIME3 IT HELPS US TO SEE \R P]CEPTION ( TIME AS UNNATURAL1 AS SOME?+ IMPOS$ UPON US1 AS A =CE TO BE OV]?R[N IF WE >E TO LIB]ATE \RSELVES4 

,JOHN'S ORIG9AL MANUSCRIPT CONTA9$ #ai FOOTNOTES1 COMPRIS+ AN EXT5SIVE READ+ LI/ ON ! SUBJECT4 ,I'M SORRY ?AT SPACE LIMITATIONS & \R UNWILL+NESS TO TYPESET ! FOOTNOTES WILL PREV5T READ]S FROM HAV+ READY ACCESS TO HIS S\RCES4 ,!SE S\RCES /IMULAT$ ME TO DO MY [N READ+ ON ! SUBJECT2 & IF FROM ?AT READ+ 7& MY [N REFLECTIONS7 ,I CONCLUDE ?AT !RE >E SOME FUNDAM5TAL PROBLEMS ) ,JOHN'S >GUM5T1 ,I NEV]!LESS ACKN[L$GE ?AT HE PROVIDES AN OP5+ TO :AT PROMISES TO BE A FRUITFUL DIALOGUE4 

,:ILE IT MI<T SEEM TRIVIAL TO BEG9 BY COMPLA9+ AB\T ,JOHN'S EXT5SIVE USE ( QUOTATIONS1 ,I ?9K IT REVEALS SOME?+ MORE SIGNIFICANT ?AN A HESITANT OR UNSURE WRIT+ /YLE4 ,MANY ( US HAD ! SAME IMPRESSION UPON READ+ ! >TICLE3 WE ?9K IT W\LD HAVE BE5 MORE 9T]E/+ IF HE HAD SAID MORE ?+S 9 HIS [N WORDS2 BUT MORE IMPORTANTLY1 SOME ( US FEEL ?AT HE USES QUOTES 9 WAYS ?AT DO NOT /R5G!N HIS >GUM5T4 ,SOME ( !SE QUOTES SEEM TANG5TIAL TO ! MA9 >GUM5T4 ,O!RS SEEM TO HAVE DIFF]5T MEAN+S ?AN :AT HE ATTRIBUTES TO !M1 OR >E TORN FROM !IR CONTEXTS1 DEFEAT+ UND]/&+4 ,?IS SUGGE/S TO ME ?AT ,JOHN IS UNSURE AB\T :AT HE IS TRY+ TO SAY1 OR UNAW>E ( SOME ( ! IMPLICATIONS ( HIS >GUM5TS4 ,P]HAPS WE %\LD TREAT HIS >GUM5T AS A SUGGE/IVE1 IMPRESSIONI/IC EF=T RA!R ?AN AS 0SOME?+ DONE40 

,ONE ( ,JOHN'S C5TRAL CONT5TIONS IS ?AT 0ALI5ATION BEG9S TO APPE> 9 ! %APE ( TIME40 ,HE BELIEVES ?AT A S5SE ( TIME GRADUALLY EM]GES \T ( 0NO-TIME01 ! PRIMORDIAL UNITY ( HUNT]-GA!R] LIFE4 ,AL?\< IT IS UNCLE> TO ME H[ ?IS S5SE ( TIME 09TRUDES UPON ! HUMAN PSY*E10 7AT ONE PO9T ,JOHN SAYS A S5SE ( TIME EM]GES 9 E>LY 9FANCY7 IT'S CONSEQU5CE IS SAID TO BE ANXIETY & SEP>ATION--! G5ESIS ( ALI5ATION4 ,ONCE PEOPLE ACQUIRE A S5SE ( TIME1 ANXIETY DRIVES !M TO 0SPATIALIZATION10 ! SUBDU+ & CONTROL ( SPACE1 AS A K9D ( COMP5SATION4 ,JOHN CALLS ! 0L>GE GR[? ( HUMAN NUMB]S0 ! 0FIR/ SPATIALIZATION02 HE BELIEVES IT RESPONSIBLE = ! PROGRESSIVE BREAKD[N ( HUNT]-GA!R] LIFE & ! EM]G5CE ( ! 0DIVISION ( LABOR & O!R 5SU+ SEP>ATIONS40 ,SPATIALIZATION IS ! HI< ROAD TO DOM9ATION1 SETT+ 9 MOTION A PROCESS :I* CULM9ATES 9 FIX$ PROP]TY1 CITIES1 & ! /ATE4 ,EA* NEW SURGE ( SPATIALIZATION LEADS TO A FUR!R REF9EM5T 9 ! S5SE ( TIME1 UNTIL ! EM]G5CE ( L9E> TIME & HI/ORY1 A 0RADICAL DEP>TURE40 ,FROM :I* PO9T ON WE CAN SAY ?AT TIME1 ALI5ATION1 & DOM9ATION HAVE BECOME ONE 9 !IR DOM9ION OV] ! HUMAN BE+4 

,IT SEEMS TO ME ?AT ! /ICK+ PO9T 9 ?IS >GUM5T IS :AT CAUS$ A S5SE ( TIME TO EM]GE 9 ! FIR/ PLACE4 ,AS 9 ALL ATTEMPTS TO ACC\NT = ! ORIG9S ( ALI5ATION OR DOM9ATION1 IT IS DIFFICULT 9DE$ TO ANSW] ! QUE/ION ,JOHN POSES3 :O BR\<T ! CURSE8 

,IT IS UNCLE> TO ME H[ ,JOHN DEALS ) ?IS QUE/ION4 ,HE SEEMS TO BELIEVE ?AT POPULATION GR[? GRADUALLY BR\<T =? SOCIAL *ANGES :I* RESULT$ 9 DOM9ATION4 ,BUT IF1 AS HE SAYS1 ! L>GE GR[? ( HUMAN NUMB]S IS 0! FIR/ SPATIALIZATION10 & SPATIALIZATION IS A COMP5SATION = A S5SE ( TIME1 !N A S5SE ( TIME 7& ! ORIG9S ( ALI5ATION7 MU/ HAVE PREC$$ ! 9CREASE 9 POPULATION4 ,?IS LEADS TO ! DISMAL CONCLUSION ?AT1 ONCE HAV+ ACQUIR$ A S5SE ( TIME1 PEOPLE TRI$ DELIB]ATELY OR O!RWISE TO 9CREASE !IR NUMB]S 9 ORD] TO AMELIORATE !IR S5SE ( DEPRIVATION4 ,REPRODUCTION LEADS TO DOM9ATION4 ,FUR!RMORE1 WE /ILL HAV5'T LOCAT$ ! ORIG91 OR CAUSE1 ( ! EM]G5CE ( TIME4 ,P]HAPS ! ANSW] IS TO BE F\ND LAT] 9 ! >TICLE1 :]E ,JOHN SAYS ALI5ATION 9 TIME CAN BE TRAC$ TO E>LY 9FANCY4 ,:AT1 !N1 IS !RE :I* DI/+UI%ES ?IS POSITION FROM ! PESSIMI/IC 0B\RGEOIS0 CONCLUSION ?AT 0DOM9ATION WAS ! NATURAL \TCOME ( POPULATION PRESSURES02 OR FROM ! EV5 MORE PESSIMI/IC CONCLUSION ?AT ALI5ATION HAS ONTOLOGICAL /ATUS--?AT ALL 9DIVIDUALS1 & ALL CULTURES1 EXP]I5CE TIME1 & H5CE ALI5ATION8 ,! HUMAN BE+ AS ! 0ALI5AT$ ANIMAL40 

,AL?\< IT IS NECESS>Y1 ON ! BASIS ( ,JOHN'S >GUM5T1 TO ACCEPT SO DISMAL A CONCLUSION1 WE %\LD NOT BE DET]R$ FROM QUE/ION+ ! M]ITS ( ! >GUM5T ITSELF4 ,IT SEEMS TO ME UNNECESS>Y TO ACCEPT ,JOHN'S EQUATION ?AT A S5SE ( TIME EQUALS ALI5ATION4 

,I ?9K HIS L9KAGE ( ! TWO IS ! RESULT ( A FAILURE TO APPRECIATE ?AT PRIMITIVE PEOPLE HAVE A RI* & SUBTLE TIME-S5SE4 ,OR WE C\LD PUT IT DIFF]5TLY3 :AT ,JOHN CALLS 0NO-TIME0 IS ID5TICAL TO ! PSY*OLOGICAL EXP]I5CE O!RS HAVE CALL$ 0PRIMORDIAL0 OR 0BIOLOGICAL0 TIME4 ,IF HE C\LD SEE H[ DIFF]5T ?IS PRIMITIVE TIME-S5SE WAS FROM \R [N AB/RACT1 L9E>1 ALI5AT$ S5SE ( TIME1 !N HE MI<T BE LESS 9CL9$ TO EQUATE ALI5ATION ) ANY & ALL S5SES ( TIME4 

,9 A S5SE1 ,JOHN IS AW>E ( ?IS DI/9CTION AMONG DIFF]5T CULTURAL P]CEPTIONS ( TIME1 REF]R+ TO DI/9CTIONS AMONG K9DS & QUALITIES ( TIME4 ,?IS IS ONE ( ! MO/ CONFUS+ & EXASP]AT+ ?+S AB\T ! >TICLE3 IF ,JOHN WANTS TO MAKE SU* A %>P DI/9CTION BETWE5 0NO-TIME0 & 0ALI5ATION 9 TIME10 :Y !SE QUALIFICATIONS & DISCRIM9ATIONS8 ,DOESN'T ! DEL9EATION ( 0=MAL TIME CONCEPTS0 OR 0(FICIAL TIME0 IMPLY ?AT AN 9=MAL1 UN(FICIAL1 0V]NACUL>0 S5SE ( TIME EXI/S 9 OPPOSITION TO IT8 ,LIKEWISE1 :5 ,JOHN WRITES ?AT 0DIFF]5CES 9 ! 9T]PRETATION ( TIME CON/ITUT$ A DEM>CATION L9E BETWE5 A /ATE ( NATURE & ONE ( CIVILIZATION10 IS ?IS NOT TANTAM\NT TO SAY+ ?AT PEOPLE 9 ! /ATE ( NATURE P]CEIVE & 9T]PRET SOME SORT ( TIME8 ,:AT EXACTLY IS MEANT BY A 0QUALITATIVE S5SE ( TIME0 7:I* HE APPE>S TO ?9K IS A GOOD ?+ TO HAVE78 ,& :Y DOES HE CALL ! EM]G5CE ( L9E> TIME A 0RADICAL DEP>TURE0--IS HE >GU+ ?AT :ILE O!R TIME-S5SES >E ALI5AT+1 !Y >E MU* LESS SO ?AN L9E> TIME8 ,H[1 !N1 DOES ONE CONCEIVE ( !SE DEGREES ( ALI5ATION8 

,!SE CONFUSIONS ILLU/RATE MY E>LI] REM>K ?AT ,JOHN'S COPI\S USE ( QUOTES (T5 DOES HIS >GUM5T NO GOOD4 ,OR P]HAPS WE CAN N[ /ATE ! REV]SE3 ,JOHN'S >GUM5T IS NOT CONSI/5T ) ! EXAMPLES HE ADDUCES TO SUPPORT IT4 ,!SE EXAMPLES1 9 FACT1 PO9T TO A COMPLETELY DIFF]5T 9T]PRETATION ( TIME4 

,:5 ,JOHN FIR/ S5T US ! >TICLE1 ,I WROTE TO HIM AB\T SOME PROBLEMS ,I HAD ) HIS CONCEPT ( 0NO' TIME40 ,9 RESPONSE1 HE S5T ME A QUOTE FROM ! BOOK ,POLITICAL ,PHILOSOPHY & ,TIME BY ,JOHN ,G4 ,GUNNELL1 :O CONT5DS ?AT PRIMITIVE PEOPLE HAVE NEI!R ! P]CEPTION NOR ! CONCEPTION ( TIME4 ,FOLL[+ ,]N/ ,CASSIR] & ,SUSANNE ,LANG]1 ,GUNNELL >GUES ?AT ! PRIM>Y HUMAN ATTRIBUTE IS SYMBOLIZATION3 0,= MAN REALITY IS :AT IS PRES5T$ TO HIM 9 HIS SYMBOLS1 & !RE IS NO P5ETRAT+ BEYOND SYMBOLS TO A MORE ULTIMATE DATUM2 ! FACTUAL WORLD IS GIV5 9 ! SYMBOLIC4 ,MAN IS CONT9UALLY 9 ! PROCESS ( CREAT+ A VIRTUAL REALITY :I* =MS ! B\ND>IES ( HIS ACTIVITY40 

,GUNNELL BELIEVES ?AT PRIMITIVE PEOPLE ORD] EXP]I5CE ?R\< ! SYMBOLIC =M ( MY?1 & ?AT PEOPLE 9 HI/ORY ORD] !IR EXP]I5CE BY ! SYMBOLIC =M CALL$ TIME4 ,HE WRITES ?AT 0TIME 9 ! MY? IS NOT REALLY TIME AT ALL02 CONT9U+1 0,IT MAY SEEM ODD TO MA9TA9 ?AT PRIMITIVE & >*AIC SOCIETIES LACK A CONSCI\SNESS ( TIME :5 IT CAN EASILY BE DEMON/RAT$ ?AT SU* SOCIETIES POSSESS PROC$URES :I* IT IS DIFFICULT TO DESIGNATE BY ANY T]M O!R ?AN 'TIME-RECKON+1' & ! HI< CULTURES ( ! ANCI5T WORLD DEVELOP$ COMPLEX & RELATIVELY SOPHI/ICAT$ ME?ODS & SY/EMS = CALCULAT+ 'TIME4' ,BUT AL?\< ANCI5T MAN 5GAG$ 9 :AT1 9 RETROSPECT1 MAY BE T]M$ 'TIME-RECKON+1' !RE IS NO DI/9CTION BETWE5 ! 'TIME' ( NATURE1 ! 'TIME' ( CREATION1 & ! 'TIME' ( SOCIETY40 

,BUT :ILE ,GUNNELL >GUES /R5U\SLY ?AT PRIMITIVE & ANCI5T PEOPLE HAD NO EXP]I5CE ( TIME1 HE MAKES NO CLAIM ?AT TIME EM]GES GRADUALLY \T ( PRIMITIVE SOCIETY1 LEAD+ TO DOM9ATION4 ,9 FACT1 HE SEES /ATE SOCIETY1 SPECIFICALLY ANCI5T ,EGYPT1 AS /ILL EXI/+ )9 ! MY?OLOGICAL ORD]4 ,& HE >GUES ?AT 09 ! ANCI5T WORLD TIME-CALCULATION WAS NOT PRIM>ILY A FUNCTION ( AN 9T]E/ 9 *RONOLOGY AS SU*1 AL?\< A MONOPOLY ON ?IS SKILL CONTRIBUT$ TO ! P[] ( ! K+S & PRIE/S2 IT WAS ESS5TIALLY RELAT$ TO ! ELABORATION ( ! MY? & S]V$ ULTIMATELY TO B9D TOGE!R ! RHY?MS ( NATURE & SOCIETY4 ,DISCRETE TIME SYMBOLS C\LD NOT APPE> UNTIL HUMAN EXI/5CE EM]G$ AS A SEP>ATE ORD]1 EV5 9 ! SOCIETIES ( ANCI5T ,EGYPT & ,MESOPOTAMIA :I* POSSESS$ ! COMPLEX SOCIAL /RUCTURES :I* >E NORMALLY ASSOCIAT$ ) REF9$ NOTIONS ( TIME & MULTIPLE LEVELS ( TEMPORAL ORD]+40 ,= ,GUNNELL1 !N1 DOM9ATION1 9 ! =M ( /ATE SOCIETY1 PREC$ES ! EM]G5CE ( TIME4 ,:ATEV] ONE ?9KS ( ,GUNNELL'S >GUM5T1 IT IS CLE> IT DOES NOT CONFIRM ,JOHN'S S*EMA 9 :I* ! EM]G5CE ( TIME 5G5D]S DOM9ATION4 

,GUNNELL'S >GUM5T DOES1 H[EV]1 SUPPORT ,JOHN'S CONCEPTION ( 0NO-TIME40 ,BUT ,GUNNELL OCCASIONALLY EXHIBITS ! SAME PROBLEM ,JOHN HAS 9 TAK+ QUOTES \T ( CONTEXT4 ,= 9/ANCE1 HE QUOTES ,]N/ ,CASSIR] 9 ! DISCUSSION AB\T ! TIMELESSNESS ( MY?1 >GU+ ?AT 7TO QUOTE ,CASSIR]71 ?AT 9 ! MY? 0!RE IS NOT ONLY AN ABS5CE ( HI/ORICAL TIME BUT 'NO TIME 0AS SU*10 NO P]PETUAL DURATION & NO REGUL> RECURR5CE OR SUCCESSION4' 0 ,GUNNELL 5DS ?IS QUOTE ) A P]IOD1 BUT 9 ! ACTUAL TEXT1 FROM ,VOLUME #b ( ,! ,PHILOSOPHY ( ,SYMBOLIC ,=MS1 ,CASSIR] FOLL[S ! WORD SUCCESSION ) A SEMICOLON4 ,LET'S LOOK AT ! L>G] PASSAGE TO SEE :AT ,CASSIR] IS ACTUALLY SAY+3 0,= MY? !RE IS NO TIME 'AS SU*1' NO P]PETUAL DURATION & NO REGUL> RECURR5CE OR SUCCESSION2 !RE >E ONLY CONFIGURATIONS ( P>TICUL> CONT5T :I* 9 TURN REVEAL A C]TA9 TEMPORAL GE/ALT1 A COM+ & GO+1 A RHY?MICAL BE+ & BECOM+4 ,?US1 TIME AS A :OLE IS DIVID$ BY C]TA9 B\ND>IES AK9 TO MUSICAL B>S4 ,BUT AT FIR/ ITS 'BEATS' >E NOT MEASUR$ OR C\NT$ BUT IMM$IATELY FELT4444,! FACT IS ?AT LONG BE=E ! HUMAN CONSCI\SNESS =MS ITS FIR/ CONCEPTS CONC]N+ ! BASIC OBJECTIVE DIFF]5TIATIONS ( NUMB]1 TIME1 & SPACE1 IT SEEMS TO ACQUIRE ! SUBTLE/ S5SITIVITY TO ! PECULI> P]IODICITY & RHY?M ( HUMAN LIFE4 ,EV5 AT ! L[E/ /AGES ( CULTURE1 EV5 AMONG PRIMITIVE PEOPLES :O HAVE B>ELY >RIV$ AT ! FIR/ BEG9N+S ( 5UM]ATION & :O CONSEQU5TLY CANNOT POSSIBLY HAVE ANY EXACT QUANTITATIVE CONCEPTION ( TEMPORAL RELATIONS1 WE (T5 F9D ?IS SUBJECTIVE FEEL+ = ! LIV+ DYNAMIC ( ! TEMPORAL PROCESS DEVELOP$ 9 A/ONI%+ SUBTLETY & PRECISION4444,?US WE SEE ?AT = MY?ICAL CONSCI\SNESS & FEEL+ A K9D ( BIOLOGICAL TIME1 A RHY?MIC EBB & FL[ ( LIFE1 PREC$ES ! 9TUITION ( A PROP]LY COSMIC TIME40 

,AS WE CAN SEE1 ! CONTEXTUAL EMPHASIS ( ?IS PASSAGE IS C\NT] TO ,GUNNELL'S TRUNCAT$ USAGE ( IT4 ,! SAME FAULT PLAGUES ,JOHNS >TICLE3 ONE W\LD NEV] KN[ FROM HIS SCATT]%OT /YLE ( QUOTATION ?AT ,FRANK=T1 ,ELIADE1 & ,LEVY-,BRUHL EA* >E DESCRIB+ :AT !Y CONSID] TO BE A S5SE ( TIME 9 PRIMITIVE CULTURES4 

,ASIDE FROM ?IS1 ,CASSIR]'S SEEMS TO ME A PLAUSIBLE WAY TO DESCRIBE ! PRIMITIVE S5SE ( TIME4 ,9DE$1 AS ,FR$]ICK ,TURN] PO9TS \T 9 ,BEYOND ,GEOGRAPHY3 ,! ,WE/]N ,SPIRIT AGA9/ ! ,WILD]NESS1 0CONSCI\SNESS ( ! PASSAGE ( TIME IS 9EVITABLE 9 DEA?S1 BIR?S1 NATURAL DISA/]S1 & O!R PH5OM5ON ?AT WILLY-NILLY RECORD DURATION40 

,P]HAPS ONE PROBLEM ) ,JOHN'S >TICLE1 AL?\< ,I WON'T 9SI/ ON IT1 IS ?AT HE HAS :AT ,I W\LD CALL A 0NAIVE0 CONCEPTION ( PRIMITIVE1 SPECIFICALLY HUNT]-GA!R]1 SOCIETY4 ,HE EQUATES !IR WAY ( LIFE ) ,$51 & HI/ORY ) ! ,FALL4 ,PRIMITIVES >E SE5 AS LIV+ 0ONLY 9 A N[1 AS WE ALL DO :5 WE >E HAV+ FUN40 ,NEITZS*E ON ! ET]NITY ( PLEASURE IS ALSO SUMMON$ TO CONVEY ,JOHN'S IMPRESSION ( HUNT]-GA!R] LIFE4 ,:ILE ALL ?IS IS SUGGE/IVE IT IS PROBABLY TOO UTOPIAN4 ,P]HAPS ,JOHN IS SO ALL]GIC TO ANY?+ SMACK+ ( ANXIETY1 OR CONFLICT1 ?AT HE P]CEIVES AS ALI5ATION :AT IS ONLY PRIMITIVE SOCIETY'S +5I\S ABILITY TO MOLLIFY ITS PROBLEMS4 ,LET ME ILLU/RATE :AT ,I MEAN BY QUOT+ ,MEY] ,=TES1 :O IS CIT$ BY ,/ANLEY ,DIAMOND 9 HIS BOOK ,9 ,SE>* ( ! ,PRIMITIVE4 

,=TES3 0,I DO NOT MEAN TO IMPLY ?AT EV]YBODY IS ALWAYS HAPPY1 CONT5T$1 & FREE ( C>E 9 A PRIMITIVE SOCIETY4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 !RE IS PL5TY ( EVID5CE ?AT AMONG !M1 AS ) US1 AFFABILITY MAY CONCEAL HATR$ & JEAL\SY1 FRI5DL9ESS & DEVOTION 5JO9$ BY LAW & MORALS MAY MASK 5MITY1 EXEMPL>Y CITIZ5%IP MAY BE A WAY ( COMP5SAT+ = FRU/RATION & FE>S4 ,! IMPORTANT ?+ IS ?AT 9 PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES !RE >E CU/OM>Y ME?ODS ( DEAL+ ) !SE COMMON HUMAN PROBLEMS ( EMOTIONAL ADJU/M5T BY :I* !Y >E EXT]NALIZ$1 PUBLICLY ACCEPT$1 & GIV5 TREATM5T 9 T]MS ( RITUAL BELIEFS2 SOCIETY TAKES OV] ! BURD5 :I*1 ) US1 FALLS 5TIRELY ON ! 9DIVIDUAL4 ,RE/OR$ TO ! E/EEM ( HIS FELL[S HE IS ABLE TO TAKE UP ) EASE ! R\T9E ( EXI/5CE :I* WAS ?R[N TEMPOR>ILY (F ITS C\RSE BY AN EMOTIONAL UPHEAVAL4 ,BEHAVIOR ?AT W\LD BE ! MADDE/ ( FANTASIES 9 ! 9DIVIDUAL1 OR EV5 ! WOR/ ( VICES1 BECOMES TOL]ABLE & SANE1 9 HIS SOCIETY1 IF IT IS TRANS=M$ 9TO CU/OM & WOV5 9TO ! \TW>D & VISIBLE FABRIC ( A COMMUNITY'S SOCIAL LIFE4 ,?IS IS EASY 9 PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES :]E ! B\ND>Y BETWE5 ! 9N] WORLD ( ! SELF & ! \T] WORLD ( ! COMMUNITY M>KS !IR L9E ( FUSION RA!R ?AN ( SEP>ATION40 

,9 MY OP9ION1 ?IS PASSAGE CONVEYS A MU* MORE ACCURATE IMPRESSION ( PRIMITIVE SOCIETY ?AN ANY?+ 9 ,JOHN'S >TICLE4 ,& IT RAISES YET ANO!R QUE/ION AB\T ! PESSIMI/IC IMPLICATIONS ( HIS >GUM5T4 ,! ABOVE DESCRIPTION IS MEANT TO APPLY TO ALL PRIMITIVE-SOCIETIES1 9CLUD+ ?OSE :I* PRACTICE AGRICULTURE4 ,BUT ACCORD+ TO ,JOHN1 AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES >E ALREADY HOPELESSLY MIR$ 9 TIME & ALI5ATION4 ,:5 ,DIAMOND1 OR ,=TES1 OR ,PI]RE ,CLA/RES REF] TO PRIMITIVE SOCIETY1 !Y >E ASSUM+ AN ESS5TIAL CONT9UITY BETWE5 HUNT]-GA!R] & AGRICULTURAL COMMUNITIES4 ,CLA/RES1 = ONE1 EXPLICITLY >GUES ?AT ! MOVEM5T ( SOCIETIES FROM HUNT+ TO AGRICULTURE 0APPE>S TO HAVE BE5 AFFECT$ )\T *ANG+ ! NATURE ( ?OSE SOCIETIES 9 ANY WAY40 ,P]HAPS ,JOHN W\LD CONSID] ! ABOVE DESCRIPTION ( ! RESOLUTION ( CONFLICT 9 PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES TO ACTUALLY BE A BETRAYAL ( ALI5ATION4 ,IF SO1 ?IS W\LD 9DICATE ) UTMO/ PRECISION ! PESSIMI/IC CONNOTATIONS ( HIS >GUM5T3 HIS 5VISION$ SOCIETY W\LD BELONG NOT TO ! E>?LY PLANE ( EXI/5CE BUT C\LD ONLY BE SITUAT$ 9 HEAV54 

,BY N[ ,I HAVE HAMM]$ AWAY AT VIRTUALLY ! 5TIRE SCAFFOLD+ ( ,JOHN'S >GUM5T4 ,I BEGAN BY CRITICIZ+ ITS PESSIMI/IC IMPLICATIONS2 ,I CRITICIZ$ NUM]\S CONFUSIONS 9 HIS USAGE ( ! WORD TIME2 ,I QUE/ION$ HIS C5TRAL NOTION ( 0NO-TIME02 ,I QUE/ION$ :E!R TIME 9 FACT 5G5D]S DOM9ATION2 F9ALLY1 ,I QUE/ION$ HIS 0NAIVE0 V]SION ( PRIMITIVE SOCIETY4 ,BUT :]E DOES ?IS LEAVE ME8 ,I HAVE NO MORE ANSW]$ ! QUE/ION 0,:O BR\<T ! CURSE80 ?AN HAS ,JOHN4 ,BUT IF ?IS QUE/ION IS ANSW]ABLE1 ,I BELIEVE IT IS MORE LIKELY TO BE F\ND :5 WE SEE ) UTMO/ CL>ITY :AT PRIMITIVE SOCIETY IS & IS NOT4 

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,JANU>Y #f1 #bbb 3 ,:AT ,TIME ,IS ,IT8 -- ,UPDAT$4 

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