,*APT] #ag 

#aidaid 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,LEO ,TOL/OY 

,TEXT 3 

,MONEY6 ,!N :AT IS MONEY8 

,IT IS ANSW]$1 MONEY REPRES5TS LABOR4 ,I MEET $UCAT$ PEOPLE :O EV5 ASS]T ?AT MONEY REPRES5TS LABOR P]=M$ BY ?OSE :O POSSESS IT4 ,I CONFESS ?AT ,I MYSELF =M]LY %>$ ?IS OP9ION1 AL?\< ,I DID NOT V]Y CLE>LY UND]/& IT4 ,BUT N[ IT BECAME NECESS>Y = ME TO LE>N ?OR\<LY :AT MONEY IS4 

,9 ORD] TO DO SO1 ,I ADDRESS$ MYSELF TO SCI5CE4 ,SCI5CE SAYS ?AT MONEY 9 ITSELF IS NEI!R UNJU/ NOR P]NICI\S2 ?AT MONEY IS ! NATURAL RESULT ( ! CONDITIONS ( SOCIAL LIFE1 & IS 9DISP5SABLE1 FIR/1 = CONV5I5CE ( EX*ANGE2 SECONDLY1 AS A MEASURE ( VALUE2 ?IRDLY1 = SAV+2 & F\R?LY1 = PAYM5TS4 

,! FACT ?AT :5 ,I HAVE 9 MY POCKET ?REE RUBLES TO SP>E1 :I* ,I AM NOT 9 NE$ (1 ,I HAVE ONLY TO :I/LE & 9 EV]Y CIVILIZ$ T[N ,I CAN OBTA9 A HUNDR$ PEOPLE READY = !SE ?REE RUBLES TO DO ! WOR/1 MO/ DISGU/+1 & HUMILIAT+ ACT ,I REQUIRE1 IT IS SAID1 COMES NOT FROM MONEY1 BUT FROM ! V]Y COMPLICAT$ CONDITIONS ( ! ECONOMICAL LIFE ( NATIONS6 

,! DOM9ION ( ONE MAN OV] O!RS DOES NOT COME FROM MONEY1 BUT FROM ! CIRCUM/ANCE ?AT A WORK+MAN DOES NOT RECEIVE ! FULL VALUE ( HIS LABOR2 & ! FACT ?AT HE DOES NOT GET ! FULL VALUE ( HIS LABOR DEP5DS UPON ! NATURE ( CAPITAL1 R5T1 & WAGES1 & UPON COMPLICAT$ CONNECTIONS BETWE5 ! DI/RIBUTION & CONSUMPTION ( WEAL?4 

,9 PLA9 LANGUAGE1 IT MEANS ?AT PEOPLE :O HAVE MONEY MAY TWI/ R\ND !IR F+] ?OSE :O HAVE NONE4 ,BUT SCI5CE SAYS ?AT ?IS IS AN ILLUSION2 ?AT 9 EV]Y K9D ( PRODUCTION ?REE FACTORS TAKE P>T1--L&1 SAV+S ( LABOR 7CAPITAL71 & LABOR1 & ?AT ! DOM9ION ( ! FEW OV] ! MANY PROCE$S FROM ! V>I\S CONNECTIONS BETWE5 !SE FACTORS ( PRODUCTION1 BECAUSE ! TWO FIR/ FACTORS1 L& & CAPITAL1 >E NOT 9 ! H&S ( WORK+ PEOPLE2 & FROM ?IS FACT & FROM ! V>I\S COMB9ATIONS :I* RESULT FROM IT ?IS DOM9ATION PROCE$S4 

,:5CE COMES ! GREAT P[] ( MONEY1 :I* /RIKES US ALL ) A S5SE ( ITS 9JU/ICE & CRUELTY8 ,:Y IS ONE MAN1 BY ! MEANS ( MONEY1 TO HAVE DOM9ION OV] O!RS8 ,SCI5CE SAYS1 0,IT COMES FROM ! DIVISION ( ! FACTORS ( PRODUCTION1 & FROM ! CONSEQU5T COMB9ATIONS :I* OPPRESS ! WORK]40 

,?IS ANSW] HAS ALWAYS APPE>$ TO ME TO BE /RANGE1  
  NOT ONLY BECAUSE IT LEAVES ONE P>T ( ! QUE/ION UNNOTIC$ 7NAMELY1 ! SIGNIFICANCE ( MONEY71 BUT ALSO BECAUSE ( ! DIVISION ( ! FACTORS ( PRODUCTION1 :I* TO AN UNPREJUDIC$ MAN WILL ALWAYS APPE> >TIFICIAL & \T ( T\* ) REALITY4 ,SCI5CE ASS]TS ?AT 9 EV]Y PRODUCTION ?REE AG5TS COME 9TO OP]ATION1--L&1 CAPITAL & LABOR2 & ALONG ) ?IS DIVISION IT IS UND]/OOD ?AT PROP]TY 7OR ITS VALUE 9 MONEY7 IS NATURALLY DIVID$ AMONG ?OSE :O POSSESS ONE ( !SE AG5TS2 ?US1 R5T 7! VALUE ( ! GR\ND7 BELONGS TO ! L&-[N]2 9T]E/ BELONGS TO ! CAPITALI/2 & WAGES TO ! WORK]4 

,IS ?IS REALLY SO8 

,FIR/1 IS IT TRUE ?AT 9 EV]Y PRODUCTION ONLY ?REE AG5CIES OP]ATE8 ,N[1 :ILE ,I AM WRIT+ PROCE$S ! PRODUCTION ( HAY >\ND ME4 ,( :AT IS ?IS PRODUCTION COMPOS$8 ,I AM TOLD ( ! L& :I* PRODUCES ! GRASS2 ( CAPITAL 7SCY!S1 RAKES1 PIT*-=KS1 C>TS :I* >E NECESS>Y = ! H\S+ ( ! HAY72 & ( LABOR4 ,BUT ,I SEE ?AT ?IS IS NOT TRUE4 ,BESIDES ! L&1 !RE IS ! SUN & RA92 &1 9 ADDITION1 SOCIAL ORD]1 :I* HAS BE5 KEEP+ !SE MEAD[S FROM ANY DAMAGE :I* MI<T BE CAUS$ BY LETT+ /RAY CATTLE GRAZE UPON !M1 ! SKILL ( WORKM51 !IR KN[L$GE ( LANGUAGE1 & MANY O!R AG5CIES ( PRODUCTION1--:I*1 = SOME UNKN[N REASON1 >E NOT TAK5 9TO CONSID]ATION BY POLITICAL ECONOMY4 

,! P[] ( ! SUN IS AS NECESS>Y AS ! L&1 EV5 MORE4 ,I MAY M5TION ! 9/ANCES :5 M5 79 A T[N1 = EXAMPLE71 ASSUME ! RI<T TO KEEP \T ! SUN FROM O!RS BY MEANS ( WALLS OR TREES4 ,:Y1 !N1 IS ! SUN NOT 9CLUD$ AMONG ! FACTORS ( PRODUCTION8 

,RA9 IS ANO!R MEANS AS NECESS>Y AS ! GR\ND ITSELF4 ,! AIR TOO4 ,I CAN IMAG9E M5 )\T WAT] & PURE AIR BECAUSE O!R M5 HAD ASSUM$ TO !MSELVES ! RI<T TO MONOPOLIZE !SE ESS5TIAL NECESS>IES ( ALL4 ,PUBLIC SECURITY IS LIKEWISE A NECESS>Y ELEM5T4 ,FOOD & DRESS = WORKM5 >E SIMIL> FACTORS 9 PRODUCTION2 ?IS IS EV5 RECOGNIZ$ BY SOME ECONOMI/S4 ,$UCATION1 ! KN[L$GE ( LANGUAGE :I* CREATES ! POSSIBILITY TO APPLY WORK1 IS LIKEWISE AN AG5T4 ,I C\LD FILL A VOLUME BY 5UM]AT+ SU* COMB9ATIONS1 NOT M5TION$ BY SCI5CE4 

,:Y1 !N1 >E ?REE ONLY TO BE *OS51 & LAID AS A F\NDATION = ! SCI5CE ( POLITICAL ECONOMY8 ,SUN%9E & WAT] EQUALLY ) ! E>? >E FACTORS 9 PRODUCTION1 SO ) ! FOOD & CLO!S ( ! WORK]S1 & ! TRANSMISSION ( KN[L$GE4 ,ALL MAY BE TAK5 AS DI/9CT  
  FACTORS 9 PRODUCTION4 ,SIMPLY BECAUSE ! RI<T ( M5 TO 5JOY ! RAYS ( ! SUN1 RA91 FOOD1 LANGUAGE1 & AUDI5CE1 >E *ALL5G$ ONLY ON R>E OCCASIONS2 BUT ! USE ( L& & ( ! 9/RUM5TS ( LABOR >E CON/ANTLY *ALL5G$ 9 SOCIETY4 

,?IS IS ! TRUE F\NDATION2 & ! DIVISION ( ! FACTORS ( PRODUCTION 9TO ?REE1 IS QUITE >BITR>Y1 & IS NOT 9VOLV$ 9 ! NATURE ( ?+S4 ,BUT IT MAY P]HAPS BE URG$ ?AT ?IS DIVISION IS SO SUITABLE TO MAN1 ?AT :]EV] ECONOMIC RELATION%IPS >E =M$ !SE ?REE FACTORS APPE> AT ONCE & ALONE4 

,LET US SEE :E!R ?IS IS REALLY SO4 

,FIR/ ( ALL1 ,I LOOK AT :AT IS >\ND ME1--AT ,RUSSIAN COLONI/S1 ( :OM MILLIONS HAVE = AGES EXI/$4 ,!Y COME TO A L&1 SETTLE !MSELVES ON IT1 & BEG9 TO WORK2 & IT DOES NOT 5T] ! M9D ( ANY ( !M ?AT A MAN :O DOES NOT USE ! L& CAN HAVE ANY CLAIM TO IT1--& ! L& DOES NOT ASS]T ANY RI<TS ( ITS [N4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! COLONI/S CONSCI5TI\SLY RECOGNIZE ! COMMUNISM ( ! L& & ! RI<T ( EV]Y ONE ( !M TO PL[ & TO M[ :]EV] HE LIKES4 

,= CULTIVATION1 = G>D5+1 = BUILD+ H\SES1 ! COLONI/S OBTA9 V>I\S IMPLEM5TS ( LABOR3 NOR DOES IT 5T] ! M9D ( ANY ( !M ?AT !SE 9/RUM5TS ( LABOR MAY BE ALL[$ TO BR+ PR(IT 9 !MSELVES1 & ! CAPITAL DOES NOT ASS]T ANY RI<TS ( ITS [N4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! COLONI/S CONSCI\SLY RECOGNIZE AMONG !MSELVES ?AT ALL 9T]E/ = TOOLS1 OR BORR[$ CORN OR CAPITAL1 IS UNJU/4 

,!Y WORK UPON A FREE L&1 LABOR ) !IR [N TOOLS1 OR ) ?OSE BORR[$ )\T 9T]E/1 EA* = HIMSELF1 OR ALL TOGE!R1 = COMMON BUS9ESS2 & 9 SU* A COMMUNITY1 IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO PROVE EI!R ! EXI/5CE ( R5T1 9T]E/ ACCRU+ FROM CAPITAL1 OR REMUN]ATION = LABOR4 

,9 REF]R+ TO SU* A COMMUNITY ,I AM NOT 9DULG+ MY FANCY BUT DESCRIB+ :AT HAS ALWAYS TAK5 PLACE1 NOT ONLY AMONG ,RUSSIAN COLONI/S1 BUT EV]Y:]E1 AS LONG AS HUMAN NATURE IS NOT S9N$ AGA9/4 

,I AM DESCRIB+ :AT APPE>S TO EV]YONE TO BE NATURAL & RATIONAL4 ,M5 SETTLE ON L&1 & EA* MEMB] UND]TAKES ! BUS9ESS :I* SUITS HIM1 &1 HAV+ PROCUR$ ! NECESS>Y TOOLS1 DOES HIS [N WORK4 

,IF !SE M5 F9D IT MORE CONV5I5T TO WORK TOGE!R1 !Y =M A WORKM5'S ASSOCIATION4 ,BUT NEI!R 9 SEP>ATE H\SEHOLDS1 NOR 9 ASSOCIATIONS1 WILL SEP>ATE AG5TS ( PRODUCTION APPE> TILL M5 >TIFICIALLY & =CIBLY DIVIDE !M4 ,!RE WILL BE SIMPLY LABOR & !  
  NECESS>Y CONDITIONS ( LABOR1--! SUN :I* W>MS ALL1 ! AIR :I* !Y BREA!1 WAT] :I* !Y DR9K1 L& ON :I* !Y LABOR1 CLO!S ON ! BODY1 FOOD 9 ! /OMA*1 /AKES1 %OVELS1 PL[S1 MA*9ES ) :I* !Y WORK4 ,& IT IS EVID5T ?AT NEI!R ! RAYS ( ! SUN1 NOR ! CLO!S ON ! BODY1 NOR ! /AKES1 NOR ! SPADE1 NOR ! PL[1 ) :I* EA* MAN WORKS1 NOR ! MA*9ES ) :I* !Y LABOR 9 ! WORKM5'S ASSOCIATION1 CAN BELONG TO ANYONE ELSE ?AN ?OSE :O 5JOY ! RAYS ( ! SUN1 BREA! ! AIR1 DR9K ! WAT]1 EAT ! BREAD1 CLO! !IR BODIES1 & LABOR ) ! SPADE OR ) ! MA*9ES1 BECAUSE ALL !SE >E NECESS>Y ONLY = ?OSE :O USE !M4 ,& :5 M5 ACT ?US1 WE SEE !Y ACT RATIONALLY4 

,!RE=E1 OBS]V+ ALL ! ECONOMIC CONDITIONS CREAT$ AMONG M51 ,I DO NOT SEE ?AT DIVISION 9TO ?REE IS NATURAL4 ,I SEE1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 ?AT IT IS NEI!R NATURAL NOR RATIONAL4 

,BUT P]HAPS ! SETT+ AP>T ( !SE ?REE DOES NOT OCCUR 9 PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES1 ONLY :5 ! POPULATION 9CREASES & CULTIVATION BEG9S TO DEVELOP IT IS UNAVOIDABLE4 ,& WE CANNOT BUT RECOGNIZE ! FACT ?AT ?IS DIVISION HAS OCCURR$ 9 ,EUROPEAN SOCIETY4 

,LET US SEE :E!R IT IS REALLY SO4 

,WE >E TOLD ?AT 9 ,EUROPEAN SOCIETY ?IS DIVISION ( AG5CIES HAS BE52 ?AT IS1 ?AT ONE MAN POSSESSES L&1 ANO!R ACCOMPLI%$ ! 9/RUM5TS ( LABOR1 & ! ?IRD IS )\T L& & 9/RUM5TS4 

,WE HAVE GR[N SO ACCU/OM$ TO ?IS ASS]TION ?AT WE >E NO LONG] /RUCK BY ! /RANG5ESS ( IT4 ,BUT 9 ?IS ASS]TION LIES AN 9N] CONTRADICTION4 ,! CONCEPTION ( A LABOR+ MAN1 9CLUDES ! L& ON :I* HE LIVES & ! TOOLS ) :I* HE WORKS4 ,IF HE DID NOT LIVE ON ! L& & HAD NO TOOLS HE W\LD NOT BE A LABOR]4 ,A WORKMAN DEPRIV$ ( L& & TOOLS NEV] EXI/$ & NEV] CAN EXI/4 ,!RE CANNOT BE A BOOTMAK] )\T A H\SE = HIS WORK BUILT ON L&1 )\T WAT]1 AIR1 & TOOLS TO WORK )4 

,IF ! PEASANT HAS NO L&1 HORSE1 WAT] OR SCY!2 IF ! BOOTMAK] IS )\T A H\SE1 WAT]1 OR AWL1 !N ?AT MEANS ?AT SOME ONE HAS DRIV5 HIM FROM ! GR\ND1 OR TAK5 IT FROM HIM1 & HAS *EAT$ HIM \T ( HIS SCY!1 C>T1 HORSE1 OR AWL2 BUT IT DOES NOT 9 ANY WAY MEAN ?AT !RE CAN BE C\NTRY LABOR]S )\T SCY!S OR BOOTMAK]S )\T TOOLS4 

,AS Y\ CANNOT ?9K ( A FI%]MAN ON DRY L& )\T FI%+ IMPLEM5TS1 UNLESS Y\ IMAG9E HIM DRIV5 AWAY FROM ! WAT] BY SOME ONE :O HAS TAK5 HIS  
  FI%+ IMPLEM5TS FROM HIM2 SO ALSO Y\ CANNOT PICTURE A WORKMAN )\T L& ON :I* TO LIVE1 & )\T TOOLS = HIS TRADE1 UNLESS SOMEBODY HAS DRIV5 HIM FROM ! =M]1 OR ROBB$ HIM ( ! LATT]4 

,!RE MAY BE M5 :O >E HUNT$ FROM ONE PLACE TO ANO!R1 & :O1 HAV+ BE5 ROBB$1 >E COMPELL$ P]=CE TO WORK = ANO!R MAN & MAKE ?+S NECESS>Y = !MSELVES1 BUT ?IS DOES NOT MEAN ?AT SU* IS ! NATURE ( PRODUCTION4 ,IT MEANS ONLY ?AT 9 SU* CASE1 ! NATURAL CONDITIONS ( PRODUCTION >E VIOLAT$4 

,BUT IF WE >E TO CONSID] AS FACTORS ( PRODUCTION ALL ( :I* A WORKMAN MAY BE DEPRIV$ BY =CE1 :Y NOT C\NT AMONG !SE ! CLAIM ON ! P]SON ( A SLAVE8 ,:Y NOT C\NT CLAIMS ON ! RA9 & ! RAYS ( ! SUN8 

,ONE MAN MI<T BUILD A WALL & SO KEEP ! SUN FROM HIS NEI<BOR2 ANO!R MI<T COME :O W\LD TURN ! C\RSE ( A RIV] ?R\< HIS [N POND & SO CONTAM9ATE ITS WAT]2 OR CLAIM A FELL[-BE+ AS HIS [N PROP]TY4 ,BUT NONE ( !SE CLAIMS1 AL?\< 5=C$ BY VIOL5CE1 CAN BE RECOGNIZ$ AS A BASIS4 ,IT IS !RE=E AS WRONG TO ACCEPT ! >TIFICIAL RI<TS TO L& & TOOLS AS SEP>ATE FACTORS 9 PRODUCTION1 AS TO RECOGNIZE AS SU* ! 9V5T$ RI<TS TO USE SUN%9E1 AIR1 WAT]1 OR ! P]SON ( ANO!R4 

,!RE MAY BE M5 :O CLAIM ! L& & ! TOOLS ( A WORKMAN1 AS !RE W]E M5 :O CLAIM$ ! P]SONS ( O!RS1 & AS !RE MAY BE M5 :O ASS]T !IR RI<TS TO ! EXCLUSIVE USE ( ! RAYS ( ! SUN1 OR ( WAT] & AIR4 ,!RE MAY BE M5 :O DRIVE AWAY A WORKMAN FROM PLACE TO PLACE1 TAK+ FROM HIM BY =CE ! PRODUCTS ( HIS LABOR AS !Y >E PRODUC$1 & ! V]Y 9/RUM5TS ( ITS PRODUCTION1 :O COMPEL HIM TO WORK1 NOT = HIMSELF1 BUT = HIS MA/]1 AS 9 ! FACTORIES2--ALL ?IS IS POSSIBLE2 BUT ! CONCEPTION ( A WORKMAN )\T L& & TOOLS IS /ILL AN IMPOSSIBILITY1 AS MU* AS ?AT A MAN CAN WILL+LY BECOME ! PROP]TY ( ANO!R1 NOT)/&+ M5 HAVE CLAIM$ O!R M5 = MANY G5]ATIONS4 

,& AS ! CLAIM ( PROP]TY 9 ! P]SON ( ANO!R CANNOT DEPRIVE A SLAVE ( HIS 9NATE RI<T TO SEEK HIS [N WELF>E & NOT ?AT ( HIS MA/]2 SO1 TOO1 ! CLAIM TO ! EXCLUSIVE POSSESSION ( L& & ! TOOLS ( O!RS CANNOT DEPRIVE ! LABOR] ( HIS 9H]5T RI<TS AS A MAN TO LIVE ON ! L& & TO WORK ) HIS [N TOOLS1 OR ) COMMUNAL TOOLS1 AS HE ?9KS MO/ USEFUL = HIMSELF4 

,ALL ?AT SCI5CE CAN SAY 9 EXAM9+ ! PRES5T ECONOMIC QUE/ION1 IS ?IS3 ?AT 9 ,EUROPE C]TA9 CLAIMS TO ! L& & ! TOOLS ( WORKM5 >E MADE1 9 CONSEQU5CE  
  ( :I*1 = SOME ( !SE WORKM5 7BUT BY NO MEANS = ALL ( !M71 ! PROP] CONDITIONS ( PRODUCTION >E VIOLAT$1 SO ?AT !Y >E DEPRIV$ ( L& & IMPLEM5TS ( LABOR & COMPELL$ TO WORK ) ! TOOLS ( O!RS4 ,BUT IT IS C]TA9LY NOT E/ABLI%$ ?AT ?IS ACCID5TAL VIOLATION ( ! LAW ( PRODUCTION IS ! FUNDAM5TAL LAW ITSELF4 

,9 SAY+ ?AT ?IS SEP>ATE CONSID]ATION ( ! FACTORS IS ! FUNDAM5TAL LAW ( PRODUCTION1 ! ECONOMI/ IS DO+ ! V]Y ?+ A ZOOLOGI/ W\LD DO1 IF ON SEE+ A GREAT MANY SISK9S ) !IR W+S CUT1 & KEPT 9 LITTLE CAGES1 HE %\LD ASS]T ?AT ?IS WAS ! ESS5TIAL CONDITION ( ! LIFE ( BIRDS1 & ?AT !IR LIFE IS COMPOS$ ( SU* CONDITIONS4 

,H[EV] MANY SISK9S !RE MAY BE1 KEPT 9 PA/E-BO>D H\SES1 ) !IR W+S CUT1 A ZOOLOGI/ CANNOT SAY ?AT !SE1 & A T9Y PAIL ( WAT] RUNN+ UP RAILS1 >E ! CONDITIONS ( ! BIRDS' LIVES4 ,& H[EV] GREAT ! NUMB] ( WORK PEOPLE !RE MAY BE1 DRIV5 FROM PLACE TO PLACE1 & DEPRIV$ ( !IR PRODUCTIONS AS WELL AS !IR TOOLS1 ! NATURAL RI<T ( MAN TO LIVE ON ! L&1 & TO WORK ) HIS [N TOOLS1 IS ESS5TIAL TO HIM1 & SO IT WILL REMA9 =EV]4 

,( C\RSE !RE >E SOME :O LAY CLAIM TO ! L& & TO ! TOOLS ( WORKM51 JU/ AS 9 =M] AGES !RE W]E SOME :O LAID CLAIM TO ! P]SONS ( O!RS2 BUT !RE CAN BE NO REAL DIVISION ( M5 9TO LORDS & SLAVES--AS !Y WANT$ TO E/ABLI% 9 ! ANCI5T WORLD--ANY MORE ?AN !RE CAN BE ANY REAL DIVISION 9 ! AG5TS ( PRODUCTION 7L& & CAPITAL1 ETC471 AS ! ECONOMI/S >E TRY+ TO E/ABLI%4 

,!SE UNLAWFUL CLAIMS ON ! LIB]TY ( O!R M51 SCI5CE CALLS 0! NATURAL CONDITIONS ( PRODUCTION40 ,9/EAD ( TAK+ ITS FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLES FROM ! NATURAL PROP]TIES ( HUMAN SOCIETIES1 SCI5CE TOOK !M FROM A SPECIAL CASE2 & DESIR+ TO JU/IFY ?IS CASE1 IT RECOGNIZ$ ! RI<T ( SOME M5 TO ! L& ON :I* O!R M5 E>N !IR LIV+1 & TO ! TOOLS ) :I* O!RS AGA9 WORK2 9 O!R WORDS1 IT RECOGNIZ$ AS A RI<T SOME?+ :I* HAD NEV] EXI/$1 & CANNOT EXI/1 & :I* IS 9 ITSELF A CONTRADICTION1 BECAUSE ! CLAIM ( ! MAN TO ! L& ON :I* HE DOES NOT LABOR1 IS 9 ESS5CE NO?+ ELSE ?AN ! RI<T TO USE ! L& :I* HE DOES NOT USE2 ! CLAIM ON ! TOOLS ( O!RS IS NO?+ ELSE ?AN ! ASSUMPTION ( A RI<T TO WORK ) IMPLEM5TS ) :I* A MAN DOES NOT WORK4 

,SCI5CE1 BY DIVID+ ! FACTORS ( PRODUCTION1 DECL>ES ?AT ! NATURAL CONDITION ( A WORKMAN--?AT IS1 ( A  
  MAN 9 ! TRUE S5SE ( ! WORD--IS ! UNNATURAL CONDITION 9 :I* HE LIVES AT PRES5T1 JU/ AS 9 ANCI5T TIMES1 BY ! DIVISION ( M5 9TO CITIZ5S & SLAVES1 IT WAS ASS]T$ ?AT ! UNNATURAL CONDITION ( SLAV]Y WAS ! NATURAL CONDITION ( LIFE4 

,?IS V]Y DIVISION1 :I* SCI5CE HAS ACCEPT$ ONLY = ! PURPOSE ( JU/IFY+ ! EXI/+ 9JU/ICE1 & ! RECOGNITION ( ?IS DIVISION AS ! F\NDATION ( ALL ITS 9QUIRIES1 IS RESPONSIBLE = ! FACT ?AT SCI5CE VA9LY TRIES TO EXPLA9 EXI/+ PH5OM5A &1 D5Y+ ! CLE>E/ & PLA9E/ ANSW]S TO ! QUE/IONS ?AT >ISE1 GIVES ANSW]S :I* HAVE ABSOLUTELY NO MEAN+ 9 !M4 

,! QUE/ION ( ECONOMIC SCI5CE IS ?IS3 ,:AT IS ! CAUSE ( ! FACT ?AT SOME M51 BY MEANS ( MONEY1 ACQUIRE AN IMAG9>Y RI<T TO L& & CAPITAL1 & MAY MAKE SLAVES ( ?OSE :O HAVE NO MONEY8 ,! ANSW] :I* PRES5TS ITSELF TO COMMON S5SE IS1 ?AT IT IS ! RESULT ( MONEY1 ! NATURE ( :I* IS TO 5?RALL$ M54 

,BUT ECONOMIC SCI5CE D5IES ?IS1 & SAYS3 ,?IS >ISES1 NOT FROM ! NATURE ( MONEY1 BUT FROM ! FACT ?AT SOME M5 HAVE L& & CAPITAL1 & O!RS HAVE NEI!R4 

,WE ASK3 ,:Y DO P]SONS :O POSSESS L& & CAPITAL OPPRESS ?OSE :O POSSESS NEI!R8 ,& WE >E ANSW]$3 ,BECAUSE !Y POSSESS L& & CAPITAL4 

,BUT ?IS IS JU/ :AT WE >E 9QUIR+ AB\T4 ,IS NOT DEPRIVATION ( L& & TOOLS 5=C$ SLAV]Y8 ,& ! ANSW] IS LIKE SAY+1 0,A REM$Y IS N>COTIC BECAUSE ITS EFFECTS >E N>COTIC40 ,LIFE DOES NOT CEASE TO PUT ?IS ESS5TIAL QUE/ION1 & EV5 SCI5CE H]SELF NOTICES & TRIES TO ANSW] IT1 BUT DOES NOT SUCCE$1 BECAUSE1 />T+ FROM H] [N FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLES1 %E ONLY TURNS H]SELF R\ND 9 A VICI\S CIRCLE4 

,9 ORD] TO GIVE ITSELF A SATISFACTORY ANSW] TO ! QUE/ION1 SCI5CE MU/ FIR/ ( ALL D5Y ?AT WRONG DIVISION ( ! AG5TS ( PRODUCTION1 & CEASE TO ACKN[L$GE ! RESULT ( ! PH5OM5A AS BE+ !IR CAUSE2 & %E MU/ SEEK1 FIR/ ! MORE OBVI\S1 & !N ! REMOT]1 CAUSES ( ?OSE PH5OM5A :I* CON/ITUTE ! MATT] QUE/ION$4 

,SCI5CE MU/ ANSW] ! QUE/ION1 ,:Y >E SOME M5 DEPRIV$ ( L& & TOOLS :ILE O!RS POSSESS BO?8 OR1 ,:Y IS IT ?AT L&S & TOOLS >E TAK5 FROM ! PEOPLE :O LABOR ON ! L& & WORK ) ! TOOLS8 

,& AS SOON AS ECONOMIC SCI5CE PUTS ?IS QUE/ION TO H]SELF %E WILL GET NEW IDEAS :I* WILL TRANS=M ALL ! PREVI\S IDEAS ( %AM SCI5CE1--:I* HAS BE5 MOV+ 9 AN UNALT]ABLE CIRCLE ( PROPOSITIONS1--?AT !  
  MIS]ABLE CONDITION ( ! WORK]S PROCE$S FROM ! FACT ?AT !Y >E MIS]ABLE4 

,TO SIMPLE-M9D$ P]SONS IT MU/ SEEM UNQUE/IONABLE ?AT ! OBVI\S REASON ( ! OPPRESSION ( SOME M5 BY O!RS IS MONEY4 ,BUT SCI5CE1 D5Y+ ?IS1 SAYS ?AT MONEY IS ONLY A M$IUM ( EX*ANGE1 :I* HAS NO CONNECTION ) SLAV]Y ( M54 

,LET US SEE :E!R IT IS SO OR NOT4 

,FROM 3 ,GUT5B]G4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aic 3 ,*APT] #ag -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,FEBRU>Y #a#i1 #bag 3 ,*APT] #ag -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/