,FRONT ,MATT] 

#ahdahd 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PI]RE-,JOSEPH ,PR\DHON 

,TEXT 3 

,P4 ,J4 ,PR\DHON3 ,HIS ,LIFE & ,HIS ,WORKS4 

,! CORRESPOND5CE.<#a.> ( ,P4 ,J4 ,PR\DHON1 ! FIR/ VOLUMES ( :I* WE PUBLI% TO-DAY1 HAS BE5 COLLECT$ S9CE HIS DEA? BY ! FAI?FUL & 9TELLIG5T LABORS ( HIS DAU<T]1 AID$ BY A FEW FRI5DS4 ,IT WAS 9COMPLETE :5 SUBMITT$ TO ,SA9TE ,BEUVE1 BUT ! PORTION ) :I* ! ILLU/RI\S ACADEMICIAN BECAME ACQUA9T$ WAS SUFFICI5T TO ALL[ HIM TO E/IMATE IT AS A :OLE ) ?AT S\NDNESS ( JUDGM5T :I* *>ACT]IZ$ HIM AS A LIT]>Y CRITIC4 

,9 AN IMPORTANT WORK1 :I* HIS HABITUAL READ]S C]TA9LY HAVE NOT =GOTT51 AL?\< DEA? DID NOT ALL[ HIM TO F9I% IT1 ,SA9TE ,BEUVE ?US JUDGES ! CORRESPOND5CE ( ! GREAT PUBLICI/3 -- 

0,! LETT]S ( ,PR\DHON1 EV5 \TSIDE ! CIRCLE ( HIS P>TICUL> FRI5DS1 WILL ALWAYS BE ( VALUE2 WE CAN ALWAYS LE>N SOME?+ FROM !M1 & H]E IS ! PROP] PLACE TO DET]M9E ! G5]AL *>ACT] ( HIS CORRESPOND5CE4 

0,IT HAS ALWAYS BE5 L>GE1 ESPECIALLY S9CE HE BECAME SO CELEBRAT$2 &1 TO TELL ! TRU?1 ,I AM P]SUAD$ ?AT1 9 ! FUTURE1 ! CORRESPOND5CE ( ,PR\DHON WILL BE HIS PR9CIPAL1 VITAL WORK1 & ?AT MO/ ( HIS BOOKS WILL BE ONLY ACCESSORY TO & CORROBORATIVE ( ?IS4 ,AT ANY RATE1 HIS BOOKS CAN BE WELL UND]/OOD ONLY BY ! AID ( HIS LETT]S & ! CONT9UAL EXPLANATIONS :I* HE MAKES TO ?OSE :O CONSULT HIM 9 !IR D\BT1 & REQUE/ HIM TO DEF9E MORE CLE>LY HIS POSITION4 

0,!RE >E1 AMONG CELEBRAT$ PEOPLE1 MANY ME?ODS ( CORRESPOND5CE4 ,!RE >E ?OSE TO :OM LETT]-WRIT+ IS A BORE1 & :O1 ASSAIL$ ) QUE/IONS & COMPLIM5TS1 REPLY 9 ! GREATE/ HA/E1 SOLELY ?AT ! JOB MAY BE OV] )1 & :O RETURN POLIT5ESS = POLIT5ESS1 M+L+ IT ) MORE OR LESS WIT4 ,?IS K9D ( CORRESPOND5CE1 ?\< COM+ FROM CELEBRAT$ PEOPLE1 IS 9SIGNIFICANT & UNWOR?Y ( COLLECTION & CLASSIFICATION4 

0,AFT] ?OSE :O WRITE LETT]S 9 P]=MANCE ( A DISAGREEABLE DUTY1 & ALMO/ SIDE BY SIDE ) !M 9 PO9T ( 9SIGNIFICANCE1 ,I %\LD PUT ?OSE :O WRITE 9 A MANN] :OLLY EXT]NAL1 :OLLY SUP]FICIAL1 DEVOT$ ONLY TO FLATT]Y1 LAVI%+ PRAISE LIKE GOLD1 )\T C\NT+ IT2 & ?OSE ALSO :O WEI< EV]Y WORD1 :O REPLY =MALLY & POMP\SLY1 ) A VIEW TO F9E PHRASES & EFFECTS4 ,!Y EX*ANGE WORDS ONLY1 & *OOSE !M SOLELY = !IR BRILLIANCY & %[4 ,Y\ ?9K IT IS Y\1 9DIVIDUALLY1 TO :OM !Y SPEAK2 BUT !Y >E ADDRESS+ !MSELVES 9 Y\R P]SON TO ! F\R CORN]S ( ,EUROPE4 ,SU* LETT]S >E EMPTY1 & TEA* AS NO?+ BUT !ATRICAL EXECUTION & ! FAVORITE POSE ( !IR WRIT]S4 

0,I WILL NOT CLASS AMONG ! LATT] ! MORE PRUD5T & SAGACI\S AU?ORS :O1 :5 WRIT+ TO 9DIVIDUALS1 KEEP ONE EYE ON PO/]ITY4 ,WE KN[ ?AT MANY :O PURSUE ?IS ME?OD HAVE WRITT5 LONG1 F9I%$1 *>M+1 FLATT]+1 & TOL]ABLY NATURAL LETT]S4 ,B]ANG] FURNI%ES US ) ! BE/ EXAMPLE ( ?IS CLASS4 

0,PR\DHON1 H[EV]1 IS A MAN ( 5TIRELY DIFF]5T NATURE & HABITS4 ,9 WRIT+1 HE ?9KS ( NO?+ BUT HIS IDEA & ! P]SON :OM HE ADDRESSES3 AD REM ET AD HOM9EM4 ,A MAN ( CONVICTION & DOCTR9E1 TO WRITE DOES NOT WE>Y HIM2 TO BE QUE/ION$ DOES NOT ANNOY HIM4 ,:5 APPROA*$1 HE C>ES ONLY TO KN[ ?AT Y\R MOTIVE IS NOT ONE ( FUTILE CURIOSITY1 BUT ! LOVE ( TRU?2 HE ASSUMES Y\ TO BE S]I\S1 HE REPLIES1 HE EXAM9ES Y\R OBJECTIONS1 SOMETIMES V]BALLY1 SOMETIMES 9 WRIT+2 =1 AS HE REM>KS1 'IF !RE BE SOME PO9TS :I* CORRESPOND5CE CAN NEV] SETTLE1 BUT :I* CAN BE MADE CLE> BY CONV]SATION 9 TWO M9UTES1 AT O!R TIMES JU/ ! OPPOSITE IS ! CASE3 AN OBJECTION CLE>LY /AT$ 9 WRIT+1 A D\BT WELL EXPRESS$1 :I* ELICITS A DIRECT & POSITIVE REPLY1 HELPS ?+S ALONG MORE ?AN T5 H\RS ( ORAL 9T]C\RSE6' ,9 WRIT+ TO Y\ HE DOES NOT HESITATE TO TREAT ! SUBJECT ANEW2 HE UNFOLDS TO Y\ ! F\NDATION & SUP]/RUCTURE ( HIS ?\<T3 R>ELY DOES HE CONFESS HIMSELF DEFEAT$ -- IT IS NOT HIS WAY2 HE HOLDS TO HIS POSITION1 BUT ADMITS ! BREAKS1 ! V>IATIONS1 9 %ORT1 ! EVOLUTION ( HIS M9D4 ,! HI/ORY ( HIS M9D IS 9 HIS LETT]S2 !RE IT MU/ BE S\<T4 

0,PR\DHON1 :OEV] ADDRESSES HIM1 IS ALWAYS READY2 HE QUITS ! PAGE ( ! BOOK ON :I* HE IS AT WORK TO ANSW] Y\ ) ! SAME P51 & ?AT )\T LOS+ PATI5CE1 )\T GETT+ CONFUS$1 )\T SP>+ OR COMPLA9+ ( HIS 9K2 HE IS A PUBLIC MAN1 DEVOT$ TO ! PROPAGATION ( HIS IDEA BY ALL ME?ODS1 & ! BE/ ME?OD1 ) HIM1 IS ALWAYS ! PRES5T ONE1 ! LATE/ ONE4 ,HIS V]Y H&WRIT+1 BOLD1 UNI=M1 LEGIBLE1 EV5 9 ! MO/ TIRESOME PASSAGES1 BETRAYS NO HA/E1 NO HURRY TO F9I%4 ,EA* L9E IS ACCURATE3 NO?+ IS LEFT TO *ANCE2 ! PUNCTUATION1 V]Y CORRECT & A LITTLE EMPHATIC & DECID$1 9DICATES ) PRECISION & DELICATE DI/9CTION ALL ! L9KS 9 ! *A9 ( HIS >GUM5T4 ,HE IS DEVOT$ 5TIRELY TO Y\1 TO HIS BUS9ESS & Y\RS1 :ILE WRIT+ TO Y\1 & NEV] TO ANY?+ ELSE4 ,ALL ! LETT]S ( HIS :I* ,I HAVE SE5 >E S]I\S3 NOT ONE IS COMMONPLACE4 

0,BUT AT ! SAME TIME HE IS NOT AT ALL >TI/IC OR AFFECT$2 HE DOES NOT CON/RUCT HIS LETT]S1 HE DOES NOT REVISE !M1 HE SP5DS NO TIME 9 READ+ !M OV]2 WE HAVE A FIR/ DRAFT1 EXCELL5T & CLE>1 A JET FROM ! F\NTA9-HEAD1 BUT ?AT IS ALL4 ,! NEW >GUM5TS1 :I* HE DISCOV]S 9 SUPPORT ( HIS IDEAS & :I* OPPOSITION SUGGE/S TO HIM1 >E AN AGREEABLE SURPRISE1 & %$ A LI<T :I* WE %\LD VA9LY SE>* = EV5 9 HIS WORKS4 ,HIS CORRESPOND5CE DIFF]S ESS5TIALLY FROM HIS BOOKS1 9 ?AT IT GIVES Y\ NO UNEAS9ESS2 IT PLACES Y\ 9 ! V]Y HE>T ( ! MAN1 EXPLA9S HIM TO Y\1 & LEAVES Y\ ) AN IMPRESSION ( MORAL E/EEM & ALMO/ ( 9TELLECTUAL SECURITY4 ,WE FEEL HIS S9C]ITY4 ,I KN[ ( NO ONE TO :OM HE CAN BE MORE FITLY COMP>$ 9 ?IS RESPECT ?AN ,GEORGE ,S&1 :OSE CORRESPOND5CE IS L>GE1 & AT ! SAME TIME FULL ( S9C]ITY4 ,HIS ROLE & HIS NATURE CORRESPOND4 ,IF HE IS WRIT+ TO A Y\NG MAN :O UNBOSOMS HIMSELF TO HIM 9 SKEPTICAL ANXIETY1 TO A Y\NG WOMAN :O ASKS HIM TO DECIDE DELICATE QUE/IONS ( CONDUCT = H]1 HIS LETT] TAKES ! =M ( A %ORT MORAL ESSAY1 ( A FA!R-CONFESSOR'S ADVICE4 ,HAS HE P]*ANCE ATT5D$ ! !AT] 7A R>E ?+ = HIM7 TO WITNESS ONE ( ,PONS>T'S COM$IES1 OR A DRAMA ( ,*>LES ,$MOND'S1 HE FEELS B\ND TO GIVE AN ACC\NT ( HIS IMPRESSIONS TO ! FRI5D TO :OM HE IS 9DEBT$ = ?IS PLEASURE1 & HIS LETT] BECOMES A LIT]>Y & PHILOSOPHICAL CRITICISM1 FULL ( S5SE1 & LIKE NO O!R4 ,HIS FAMILI>ITY IS SUIT$ TO HIS CORRESPOND5T2 HE AFFECTS NO RUD5ESS4 ,! T]MS ( CIVILITY OR AFFECTION :I* HE EMPLOYS T[>DS HIS CORRESPOND5TS >E SOB]1 MEASUR$1 APPROPRIATE TO EA*1 & HONE/ 9 !IR SIMPLICITY & CORDIALITY4 ,:5 HE SPEAKS ( MORALS & ! FAMILY1 HE SEEMS AT TIMES LIKE ! PATRI>*S ( ! ,BIBLE4 ,HIS COMM& ( LANGUAGE IS COMPLETE1 & HE NEV] FAILS TO AVAIL HIMSELF ( IT4 ,N[ & !N A CO>SE WORD1 A FEW P]SONALITIES1 TOO BITT] & QUITE UNJU/ OR 9JURI\S1 WILL HAVE TO BE SUPPRESS$ 9 PR9T+2 TIME1 H[EV]1 AS IT PASSES AWAY1 P]MITS MANY ?+S & R5D]S !M 9(F5SIVE4 ,AM ,I RI<T 9 SAY+ ?AT ,PR\DHON'S CORRESPOND5CE1 ALWAYS SUB/ANTIAL1 WILL ONE DAY BE ! MO/ ACCESSIBLE & ATTRACTIVE PORTION ( HIS WORKS80 

,ALMO/ ! :OLE ( ,PR\DHON'S REAL BIOGRAPHY IS 9CLUD$ 9 HIS CORRESPOND5CE4 ,UP TO #a#h#c#g1 ! DATE ( ! FIR/ LETT] :I* WE HAVE BE5 ABLE TO COLLECT1 HIS LIFE1 N>RAT$ BY ,SA9TE ,BEUVE1 FROM :OM WE MAKE NUM]\S EXTRACTS1 MAY BE SUMM$ UP 9 A FEW PAGES4 

,PI]RE ,JOSEPH ,PR\DHON WAS BORN ON ! #a#e? ( ,JANU>Y1 #a#h#i1 9 A SUBURB ( ,BESANCON1 CALL$ ,M\ILL]E4 ,HIS FA!R & MO!R W]E EMPLOY$ 9 ! GREAT BREW]Y BELONG+ TO ,M4 ,R5AUD4 ,HIS FA!R1 ?\< A C\S9 ( ! JURI/ ,PR\DHON1 ! CELEBRAT$ PR(ESSOR 9 ! FACULTY ( ,DIJON1 WAS A J\RNEYMAN BREW]4 ,HIS MO!R1 A G5U9E PEASANT1 WAS A COMMON S]VANT4 ,%E WAS AN ORD]LY P]SON ( GREAT GOOD S5SE2 &1 AS !Y :O KNEW H] SAY1 A SUP]IOR WOMAN ( H]OIC *>ACT]1 -- TO USE ! EXPRESSION ( ! V5]ABLE ,M4 ,WEISS1 ! LIBR>IAN AT ,BESANCON4 ,%E IT WAS ESPECIALLY ?AT ,PR\DHON RESEMBL$3 %E & HIS GR&FA!R ,T\RNESI1 ! SOLDI] PEASANT ( :OM HIS MO!R TOLD HIM1 & :OSE C\RAGE\S DE$S HE HAS DESCRIB$ 9 HIS WORK ON 0,JU/ICE40 ,PR\DHON1 :O ALWAYS FELT A GREAT V5]ATION = HIS MO!R ,CA?>9E1 GAVE H] NAME TO ! ELD] ( HIS DAU<T]S4 ,9 #a#h#a#d1 :5 ,BESANCON WAS BLOCKAD$1 ,M\ILL]E1 :I* /OOD 9 FRONT ( ! WALLS ( ! T[N1 WAS DE/ROY$ 9 ! DEF5SE ( ! PLACE2 & ,PR\DHON'S FA!R E/ABLI%$ A COOP]'S %OP 9 A SUBURB ( ,BATTANT1 CALL$ ,VIGN]ONS4 ,V]Y HONE/1 BUT SIMPLE-M9D$ & %ORT-SI<T$1 ?IS COOP]1 ! FA!R ( FIVE *ILDR51 ( :OM ,PI]RE ,JOSEPH WAS ! ELDE/1 PASS$ HIS LIFE 9 POV]TY4 ,AT EI<T YE>S ( AGE1 ,PR\DHON EI!R MADE HIMSELF USEFUL 9 ! H\SE1 OR T5D$ ! CATTLE \T ( DOORS4 ,NO ONE %\LD FAIL TO READ ?AT BEAUTIFUL & PRECI\S PAGE ( HIS WORK ON 0,JU/ICE10 9 :I* HE DESCRIBES ! RURAL SPORTS :I* HE 5JOY$ :5 A NEA!RD4 ,AT ! AGE ( TWELVE1 HE WAS A CELL>-BOY 9 AN 9N4 ,?IS1 H[EV]1 DID NOT PREV5T HIM FROM /UDY+4 ,HIS MO!R WAS GREATLY AID$ BY ,M4 ,R5AUD1 ! =M] [N] ( ! BREW]Y1 :O HAD AT ?AT TIME RETIR$ FROM BUS9ESS1 & WAS 5GAG$ 9 ! $UCATION ( HIS *ILDR54 

,PR\DHON 5T]$ S*OOL AS A DAY-S*OL> 9 ! SIX? CLASS4 ,HE WAS NECESS>ILY IRREGUL> 9 HIS ATT5DANCE2 DOME/IC C>ES & RE/RA9TS SOMETIMES KEPT HIM FROM HIS CLASSES4 ,HE SUCCE$$ NEV]!LESS 9 HIS /UDIES2 HE %[$ GREAT P]SEV]ANCE4 ,HIS FAMILY W]E SO POOR ?AT !Y C\LD NOT AF=D TO FURNI% HIM ) BOOKS2 HE WAS OBLIG$ TO BORR[ !M FROM HIS COMRADES1 & COPY ! TEXT ( HIS LESSONS4 ,HE HAS HIMSELF TOLD US ?AT HE WAS OBLIG$ TO LEAVE HIS WOOD5 %OES \TSIDE ! DOOR1 ?AT HE MI<T NOT DI/URB ! CLASSES ) HIS NOISE2 & ?AT1 HAV+ NO HAT1 HE W5T TO S*OOL B>EHEAD$4 ,ONE DAY1 T[>DS ! CLOSE ( HIS /UDIES1 ON RETURN+ FROM ! DI/RIBUTION ( ! PRIZES1 LOAD$ ) CR[NS1 HE F\ND NO?+ TO EAT 9 ! H\SE4 

0,9 HIS EAG]NESS = LABOR & HIS ?IR/ = KN[L$GE1 ,PR\DHON10 SAYS ,SA9TE ,BEUVE1 0WAS NOT CONT5T ) ! 9/RUCTION ( HIS TEA*]S4 ,FROM HIS TWELF? TO HIS F\RTE5? YE>1 HE WAS A CON/ANT FREQU5T] ( ! T[N LIBR>Y4 ,ONE CURIOSITY L$ TO ANO!R1 & HE CALL$ = BOOK AFT] BOOK1 SOMETIMES EI<T OR T5 AT ONE SITT+4 ,! LE>N$ LIBR>IAN1 ! FRI5D & ALMO/ ! BRO!R ( ,*>LES ,NODI]1 ,M4 ,WEISS1 APPROA*$ HIM ONE DAY1 & SAID1 SMIL+1 ',BUT1 MY LITTLE FRI5D1 :AT DO Y\ WI% TO DO ) ALL !SE BOOKS8' ,! *ILD RAIS$ HIS HEAD1 EY$ HIS QUE/ION]1 & REPLI$3 ',:AT'S ?AT TO Y\8' ,& ! GOOD ,M4 ,WEISS REMEMB]S IT TO ?IS DAY40 

,=C$ TO E>N HIS LIV+1 ,PR\DHON C\LD NOT CONT9UE HIS /UDIES4 ,HE 5T]$ A PR9T+-(FICE 9 ,BESANCON AS A PRO(-READ]4 ,BECOM+1 SOON AFT]1 A COMPOSITOR1 HE MADE A T\R ( ,FRANCE 9 ?IS CAPACITY4 ,AT ,T\LON1 :]E HE F\ND HIMSELF )\T MONEY & )\T WORK1 HE HAD A SC5E ) ! MAYOR1 :I* HE DESCRIBES 9 HIS WORK ON 0,JU/ICE40 

,SA9TE ,BEUVE SAYS ?AT1 AFT] HIS T\R ( ,FRANCE1 HIS S]VICE BOOK BE+ FILL$ ) GOOD C]TIFICATES1 ,PR\DHON WAS PROMOT$ TO ! POSITION ( =EMAN4 ,BUT HE DOES NOT TELL US1 = ! REASON ?AT HE HAD NO KN[L$GE ( A LETT] WRITT5 BY ,FALLOT1 ( :I* WE NEV] HE>D UNTIL SIX MON?S S9CE1 ?AT ! PR9T] AT ?AT TIME CONTEMPLAT$ QUITT+ HIS TRADE 9 ORD] TO BECOME A TEA*]4 

,T[>DS #a#h#b#i1 ,FALLOT1 :O WAS A LITTLE OLD] ?AN ,PR\DHON1 & :O1 AFT] HAV+ OBTA9$ ! ,SU>D P5SION 9 #a#h#c#b1 DI$ 9 HIS TW5TY-N9? YE>1 :ILE FILL+ ! POSITION ( ASSI/ANT LIBR>IAN AT ! ,9/ITUTE1 WAS *>G$1 ,PROTE/ANT ?\< HE WAS1 ) ! REVISAL ( A 0,LIFE ( ! ,SA9TS10 :I* WAS PUBLI%$ AT ,BESANCON4 ,! BOOK WAS 9 ,LAT91 & ,FALLOT ADD$ SOME NOTES :I* ALSO W]E 9 ,LAT94 

0,BUT10 SAYS ,SA9TE ,BEUVE1 0IT HAPP5$ ?AT SOME ]RORS ESCAP$ HIS ATT5TION1 :I* ,PR\DHON1 !N PRO(-READ] 9 ! PR9T+ (FICE1 DID NOT FAIL TO PO9T \T TO HIM4 ,SURPRIS$ AT F9D+ SO GOOD A ,LAT9 S*OL> 9 A WORK%OP1 HE DESIR$ TO MAKE HIS ACQUA9TANCE2 & SOON !RE SPRUNG UP BETWE5 !M A MO/ E>NE/ & 9TIMATE FRI5D%IP3 A FRI5D%IP ( ! 9TELLECT & ( ! HE>T40 

,ADDRESS$ TO A PR9T] BETWE5 TW5TY-TWO & TW5TY-?REE YE>S ( AGE1 & PR$ICT+ 9 =MAL T]MS HIS FUTURE FAME1 ,FALLOT'S LETT] SEEMS TO US SO 9T]E/+ ?AT WE DO NOT HESITATE TO REPRODUCE IT 5TIRE4 

0,P>IS1 ,DECEMB] #e1 #a#h#c#a4 

0,MY DE> ,PR\DHON1 -- Y\ HAVE A RI<T TO BE SURPRIS$ AT1 & EV5 DISSATISFI$ )1 MY LONG DELAY 9 REPLY+ TO Y\R K9D LETT]2 ,I WILL TELL Y\ ! CAUSE ( IT4 ,IT BECAME NECESS>Y TO =W>D AN ACC\NT ( Y\R IDEAS TO ,M4 ,J4 DE ,GRAY2 TO HE> HIS OBJECTIONS1 TO REPLY TO !M1 & TO AWAIT HIS DEF9ITIVE RESPONSE1 :I* REA*$ ME BUT A %ORT TIME AGO2 = ,M4 ,J4 IS A SORT ( F9ANCIAL K+1 :O TAKES NO PA9S TO BE PUNCTUAL 9 DEAL+ ) POOR DEVILS LIKE \RSELVES4 ,I1 TOO1 AM C>ELESS 9 MATT]S ( BUS9ESS2 ,I SOMETIMES PU% MY NEGLIG5CE EV5 TO DISORD]1 & ! METAPHYSICAL MUS+S :I* CONT9UALLY OCCUPY MY M9D1 ADD$ TO ! AMUSEM5TS ( ,P>IS1 R5D] ME ! MO/ 9CAPABLE MAN 9 ! WORLD = CONDUCT+ A NEGOTIATION ) DISPAT*4 

0,I HAVE ,M4 ,JOB>D'S DECISION2 H]E IT IS3 ,9 HIS JUDGM5T1 Y\ >E TOO LE>N$ & CLEV] = HIS *ILDR52 HE FE>S ?AT Y\ C\LD NOT ACCOMMODATE Y\R M9D & *>ACT] TO ! *ILDI% NOTIONS COMMON TO !IR AGE & /ATION4 ,9 %ORT4 HE IS :AT ! WORLD CALLS A GOOD FA!R2 ?AT IS1 HE WANTS TO SPOIL HIS *ILDR51 &1 9 ORD] TO DO ?IS EASILY1 HE ?9KS FIT TO RETA9 HIS PRES5T 9/RUCTOR1 :O IS NOT V]Y LE>N$1 BUT :O TAKES P>T 9 !IR GAMES & JOY\S SPORTS ) WOND]FUL FACILITY1 :O PO9TS \T ! LETT]S ( ! ALPHABET TO ! LITTLE GIRL1 :O TAKES ! LITTLE BOYS TO MASS1 & :O1 NO LESS OBLIG+ ?AN ! WOR?Y ,ABBE ,P4 ( \R ACQUA9TANCE1 W\LD READILY DANCE = ,MADAME'S AMUSEM5T4 ,SU* A PR(ESSION W\LD NOT SUIT Y\1 Y\ :O HAVE A FREE1 PR\D1 & MANLY S\L3 Y\ >E REFUS$2 LET US DISMISS ! MATT] FROM \R M9DS4 ,P]HAPS ANO!R TIME MY SOLICITUDE WILL BE LESS UN=TUNATE4 ,I CAN ONLY ASK Y\R P>DON = HAV+ ?\<T ( ?US DISPOS+ ( Y\ ALMO/ )\T CONSULT+ Y\4 ,I F9D MY EXCUSE 9 ! MOTIVES :I* GUID$ ME2 ,I HAD 9 VIEW Y\R WELL-BE+ & ADVANCEM5T 9 ! WAYS ( ?IS WORLD4 

0,I SEE 9 Y\R LETT]1 MY COMRADE1 ?R\< ITS BRILLIANT WITTICISMS & B5EA? ! FRANK & >TLESS GAIETY ) :I* Y\ HAVE SPR9KL$ IT1 A T+E ( SADNESS & DESPOND5CY :I* PA9S ME4 ,Y\ >E UNHAPPY1 MY FRI5D3 Y\R PRES5T SITUATION DOES NOT SUIT Y\2 Y\ CANNOT REMA9 9 IT1 IT WAS NOT MADE = Y\1 IT IS B5EA? Y\2 Y\ \<T1 BY ALL MEANS1 TO LEAVE IT1 BE=E ITS 9JURI\S 9FLU5CE BEG9S TO AFFECT Y\R FACULTIES1 & BE=E Y\ BECOME SETTL$1 AS !Y SAY1 9 ! WAYS ( Y\R PR(ESSION1 W]E IT POSSIBLE ?AT SU* A ?+ C\LD EV] HAPP51 :I* ,I FLATLY D5Y4 ,Y\ >E UNHAPPY2 Y\ HAVE NOT YET 5T]$ UPON ! PA? :I* ,NATURE HAS M>K$ \T = Y\4 ,BUT1 FA9!>T$ S\L1 IS ?AT A CAUSE = DESPOND5CY8 ,\<T Y\ TO FEEL DISC\RAG$8 ,/RUGGLE1 MORBLEU1 /RUGGLE P]SI/5TLY1 & Y\ WILL TRIUMPH4 ,J4 ,J4 ,R\SSEAU GROP$ AB\T = =TY YE>S BE=E HIS G5IUS WAS REVEAL$ TO HIM4 ,Y\ >E NOT ,J4 ,J ,R\SSEAU2 BUT LI/53 ,I KN[ NOT :E!R ,I %\LD HAVE DIV9$ ! AU?OR ( 0,EMILE0 :5 HE WAS TW5TY YE>S ( AGE1 SUPPOS+ ?AT ,I HAD BE5 HIS CONTEMPOR>Y1 & HAD 5JOY$ ! HONOR ( HIS ACQUA9TANCE4 ,BUT ,I HAVE KN[N Y\1 ,I HAVE LOV$ Y\1 ,I HAVE DIV9$ Y\R FUTURE1 IF ,I MAY V5TURE TO SAY SO2 = ! FIR/ TIME 9 MY LIFE1 ,I AM GO+ TO RISK A PROPHECY4 ,KEEP ?IS LETT]1 READ IT AGA9 FIFTE5 OR TW5TY YE>S H5CE1 P]HAPS TW5TY-FIVE1 & IF AT ?AT TIME ! PR$ICTION :I* ,I AM AB\T TO MAKE HAS NOT BE5 FULFILL$1 BURN IT AS A PIECE ( FOLLY \T ( *>ITY & RESPECT = MY MEMORY4 ,?IS IS MY PR$ICTION3 Y\ WILL BE1 ,PR\DHON1 9 SPITE ( Y\RSELF1 9EVITABLY1 BY ! FACT ( Y\R DE/9Y1 A WRIT]1 AN AU?OR2 Y\ WILL BE A PHILOSOPH]2 Y\ WILL BE ONE ( ! LI<TS ( ! C5TURY1 & Y\R NAME WILL OCCUPY A PLACE 9 ! ANNALS ( ! N9ETE5? C5TURY1 LIKE ?OSE ( ,GASS5DI1 ,DESC>TES1 ,MALEBRAN*E1 & ,BACON 9 ! SEV5TE5?1 & ?OSE ( ,DID]OT1 ,MONTESQUIEU1 ,HELVETIUS4 ,LOCKE1 ,HUME1 & ,HOLBA* 9 ! EI<TE5?4 ,SU* WILL BE Y\R LOT6 ,DO N[ :AT Y\ WILL1 SET TYPE 9 A PR9T+-(FICE1 BR+ UP *ILDR51 BURY Y\RSELF 9 DEEP SECLUSION1 SEEK OBSCURE & LONELY VILLAGES1 IT IS ALL ONE TO ME2 Y\ CANNOT ESCAPE Y\R DE/9Y2 Y\ CANNOT DIVE/ Y\RSELF ( Y\R NOBLE/ FEATURE1 ?AT ACTIVE1 /RONG1 & 9QUIR+ M9D1 ) :I* Y\ >E 5D[$2 Y\R PLACE 9 ! WORLD HAS BE5 APPO9T$1 & IT CANNOT REMA9 EMPTY4 ,GO :]E Y\ PLEASE1 ,I EXPECT Y\ 9 ,P>IS1 TALK+ PHILOSOPHY & ! DOCTR9ES ( ,PLATO2 Y\ WILL HAVE TO COME1 :E!R Y\ WANT TO OR NOT4 ,I1 :O SAY ?IS TO Y\1 MU/ FEEL V]Y SURE ( IT 9 ORD] TO BE WILL+ TO PUT IT UPON PAP]1 S9CE1 )\T REW>D = MY PROPHETIC SKILL1 -- TO :I*1 ,I ASSURE Y\1 ,I MAKE NOT ! SLI<TE/ CLAIM1 -- ,I RUN ! RISK ( PASS+ = A H>E-BRA9$ FELL[1 9 CASE ,I PROVE TO BE MI/AK53 HE PLAYS A BOLD GAME :O RISKS HIS GOOD S5SE UPON HIS C>DS1 9 RETURN = ! V]Y TRIFL+ & 9SIGNIFICANT M]IT ( HAV+ DIV9$ A Y\NG MAN'S FUTURE4 

0,:5 ,I SAY ?AT ,I EXPECT Y\ 9 ,P>IS1 ,I USE ONLY A PROV]BIAL PHRASE :I* Y\ MU/ NOT ALL[ TO MISLEAD Y\ AS TO MY PROJECTS & PLANS4 ,TO RESIDE 9 ,P>IS IS DISAGREEABLE TO ME1 V]Y MU* SO2 & :5 ?IS F9E->T FEV] :I* POSSESSES ME HAS LEFT ME1 ,I %ALL AB&ON ! PLACE )\T REGRET TO SEEK A MORE PEACEFUL RESID5CE 9 A PROV9CIAL T[N1 PROVID$ ALWAYS ! T[N %ALL AF=D ME ! MEANS ( LIV+1 BREAD1 A B$1 BOOKS1 RE/1 & SOLITUDE4 ,H[ ,I MISS1 MY GOOD ,PR\DHON1 ?AT D>K1 OBSCURE1 SMOKY *AMB] 9 :I* ,I DWELT 9 ,BESANCON1 & :]E WE SP5T SO MANY PLEASANT H\RS 9 ! DISCUSSION ( PHILOSOPHY6 ,DO Y\ REMEMB] IT8 ,BUT ?AT IS N[ F> AWAY4 ,WILL ?AT HAPPY TIME EV] RETURN8 ,%ALL WE ONE DAY MEET AGA98 ,H]E MY LIFE IS RE/LESS1 UNC]TA91 PREC>I\S1 &1 :AT IS WORSE1 9DOL5T1 ILLIT]ATE1 & VAGRANT4 ,I DO NO WORK1 ,I LIVE 9 IDL5ESS1 ,I RAMBLE AB\T2 ,I DO NOT READ1 ,I NO LONG] /UDY2 MY BOOKS >E =SAK52 N[ & !N ,I GLANCE OV] A FEW METAPHYSICAL WORKS1 & AFT] A DAYS WALK ?R\< DIRTY1 FIL?Y1 CR[D$ /REETS4 ,I LIE D[N ) EMPTY HEAD & TIR$ BODY1 TO REPEAT ! P]=MANCE ON ! FOLL[+ DAY4 ,:AT IS ! OBJECT ( !SE WALKS1 Y\ WILL ASK4 ,I MAKE VISITS1 MY FRI5D2 ,I HOLD 9T]VIEWS ) /UPID PEOPLE4 ,!N A FIT ( CURIOSITY SEIZES ME1 ! LEA/ 9QUISITIVE ( BE+S3 !RE >E MUSEUMS1 LIBR>IES1 ASSEMBLIES1 *UR*ES1 PALACES1 G>D5S1 & !AT]S TO VISIT4 ,I AM FOND ( PICTURES1 FOND ( MUSIC1 FOND ( SCULPTURE2 ALL !SE >E BEAUTIFUL & GOOD1 BUT !Y CANNOT APPEASE HUNG]1 NOR TAKE ! PLACE ( MY PLEASANT READ+S ( ,BAILLY1 ,HUME1 & ,T5NEMANN1 :I* ,I US$ TO 5JOY BY MY FIRESIDE :5 ,I WAS ABLE TO READ4 

0,BUT 5\< ( COMPLA9TS4 ,DO NOT ALL[ ?IS LETT] TO AFFECT Y\ TOO MU*1 & DO NOT ?9K ?AT ,I GIVE WAY TO DEJECTION OR DESPOND5CY2 NO1 ,I AM A FATALI/1 & ,I BELIEVE 9 MY />4 ,I DO NOT KN[ YET :AT MY CALL+ IS1 NOR = :AT BRAN* ( POLITE LIT]ATURE ,I AM BE/ FITT$2 ,I DO NOT EV5 KN[ :E!R ,I AM1 OR EV] %ALL BE1 FITT$ = ANY3 BUT :AT MATT]S IT8 ,I SUFF]1 ,I LABOR1 ,I DREAM1 ,I 5JOY1 ,I ?9K2 &1 9 A WORD1 :5 MY LA/ H\R /RIKES1 ,I %ALL HAVE LIV$4 

0,PR\DHON1 ,I LOVE Y\1 ,I E/EEM Y\2 &1 BELIEVE ME1 !SE >E NOT M]E PHRASES4 ,:AT 9T]E/ C\LD ,I HAVE 9 FLATT]+ & PRAIS+ A POOR PR9T]8 ,>E Y\ RI*1 ?AT Y\ MAY PAY = C\RTI]S8 ,HAVE Y\ A SUMPTU\S TABLE1 A DA%+ WIFE1 & GOLD TO SCATT]1 9 ORD] TO ATTRACT !M TO Y\R SUITE8 ,HAVE Y\ ! GLORY1 HONORS1 CR$IT1 :I* W\LD R5D] Y\R ACQUA9TANCE PLEAS+ TO !IR VANITY & PRIDE8 ,NO2 Y\ >E POOR1 OBSCURE1 AB&ON$2 BUT1 POOR1 OBSCURE1 & AB&ON$1 Y\ HAVE A FRI5D1 & A FRI5D :O KN[S ALL ! OBLIGATIONS :I* ?AT WORD IMPOSES UPON HONORABLE PEOPLE1 :5 !Y V5TURE TO ASSUME IT4 ,?AT FRI5D IS MYSELF3 PUT ME TO ! TE/4 

0,G,U,/,A,V,E ,F,A,L,L,O,T40 

,IT APPE>S FROM ?IS LETT] ?AT IF1 AT ?IS P]IOD1 ,PR\DHON HAD ALREADY EXHIBIT$ TO ! EYES ( A CLAIRVOYANT FRI5D HIS G5IUS = RESE>* & 9VE/IGATION1 IT WAS 9 ! DIRECTION ( PHILOSOPHICAL1 RA!R ?AN ( ECONOMICAL & SOCIAL1 QUE/IONS4 

,HAV+ BECOME =EMAN 9 ! H\SE ( ,GAU?I] @& ,CO41 :O C>RI$ ON A L>GE PR9T+ E/ABLI%M5T AT ,BESANCON1 HE CORRECT$ ! PRO(S ( ECCLESIA/ICAL WRIT]S1 ! ,FA!RS ( ! ,*UR*4 ,AS !Y W]E PR9T+ A ,BIBLE1 A ,VULGATE1 HE WAS L$ TO COMP>E ! ,LAT9 ) ! ORIG9AL ,HEBREW4 

0,9 ?IS WAY10 SAYS ,SA9TE ,BEUVE1 0HE LE>N$ ,HEBREW BY HIMSELF1 &1 AS EV]Y?+ WAS CONNECT$ 9 HIS M9D1 HE WAS L$ TO ! /UDY ( COMP>ATIVE PHILOLOGY4 ,AS ! H\SE ( ,GAU?I] PUBLI%$ MANY WORKS ON ,*UR* HI/ORY & !OLOGY1 HE CAME ALSO TO ACQUIRE1 ?R\< ?IS DESIRE ( HIS TO 9VE/IGATE EV]Y?+1 AN EXT5SIVE KN[L$GE ( !OLOGY1 :I* AFT]W>DS CAUS$ MIS9=M$ P]SONS TO ?9K ?AT HE HAD BE5 9 AN ECCLESIA/ICAL SEM9>Y40 

,T[>DS #a#h#c#f1 ,PR\DHON LEFT ! H\SE ( ,GAU?I]1 &1 9 COMPANY ) AN ASSOCIATE1 E/ABLI%$ A SMALL PR9T+-(FICE 9 ,BESANCON4 ,HIS CONTRIBUTION TO ! P>TN]%IP CONSI/$1 NOT SO MU* 9 CAPITAL1 AS 9 HIS KN[L$GE ( ! TRADE4 ,HIS P>TN] COMMITT+ SUICIDE 9 #a#h#c#h1 ,PR\DHON WAS OBLIG$ TO W9D UP ! BUS9ESS1 AN OP]ATION :I* HE DID NOT ACCOMPLI% AS QUICKLY & AS EASILY AS HE HOP$4 ,HE WAS !N URG$ BY HIS FRI5DS TO 5T] ! RANKS ( ! COMPETITORS = ! ,SU>D P5SION4 ,?IS P5SION CONSI/$ ( AN 9COME ( FIFTE5 HUNDR$ FRANCS BEQUEA!D TO ! ,ACADEMY ( ,BESANCON BY ,MADAME ,SU>D1 ! WID[ ( ! ACADEMICIAN1 TO BE GIV5 ONCE 9 ?REE YE>S TO ! Y\NG MAN RESID+ 9 ! DEP>TM5T ( ,D\BS1 A BA*ELOR ( LETT]S OR ( SCI5CE1 & NOT POSSESS+ A =TUNE1 :OM ! ,ACADEMY ( ,BESANCON %\LD DEEM BE/ FITT$ = A LIT]>Y OR SCI5TIFIC C>E]1 OR = ! /UDY ( LAW OR ( M$IC9E4 ,! FIR/ TO W9 ! ,SU>D P5SION WAS ,GU/AVE ,FALLOT4 ,MAUVAIS1 :O WAS A DI/+UI%$ A/RONOM] 9 ! ,ACADEMY ( ,SCI5CES1 WAS ! SECOND4 ,PR\DHON ASPIR$ TO BE ! ?IRD4 ,TO QUALIFY HIMSELF1 HE HAD TO BE RECEIV$ AS A BA*ELOR ( LETT]S1 & WAS OBLIG$ TO WRITE A LETT] TO ! ,ACADEMY ( ,BESANCON4 ,9 A PHRASE ( ?IS LETT]1 ! T]MS ( :I* HE HAD TO MODIFY1 ?\< HE ABSOLUTELY REFUS$ TO *ANGE ITS SPIRIT1 ,PR\DHON EXPRESS$ HIS FIRM RESOLVE TO LABOR = ! AMELIORATION ( ! CONDITION ( HIS BRO!RS1 ! WORK+-M54 

,! ONLY ?+ :I* HE HAD !N PUBLI%$ WAS AN 0,ESSAY ON ,G5]AL ,GRAMM>10 :I* APPE>$ )\T ! AU?OR'S SIGNATURE4 ,:ILE REPR9T+1 AT ,BESANCON1 ! 0,PRIMITIVE ,ELEM5TS ( ,LANGUAGES1 ,DISCOV]$ BY ! ,COMP>ISON ( ,HEBREW ROOTS ) ?OSE ( ! ,LAT9 & ,FR5*10 BY ! ,ABBE ,B]GI]1 ,PR\DHON HAD 5L>G$ ! $ITION ( HIS 0,ESSAY ON ,G5]AL ,GRAMM>40 

,! DATE ( ! $ITION1 #a#h#c#g1 PROVES ?AT HE DID NOT AT ?AT TIME ?9K ( COMPET+ = ! ,SU>D P5SION4 ,9 ?IS WORK1 :I* CONT9U$ & COMPLET$ ?AT ( ! ,ABBE ,B]GI]1 ,PR\DHON ADOPT$ ! SAME PO9T ( VIEW1 ?AT ( ,MOSES & ( ,BIBLICAL TRADITION4 ,TWO YE>S LAT]1 9 ,FEBRU>Y1 #a#h#c#i1 BE+ ALREADY 9 POSSESSION ( ! ,SU>D P5SION1 HE ADDRESS$ TO ! ,9/ITUTE1 AS A COMPETITOR = ! ,VOLNEY PRIZE1 A MEMOIR 5TITL$3 0,/UDIES 9 ,GRAMMATICAL ,CLASSIFICATION & ! ,D]IVATION ( SOME ,FR5* WORDS40 ,IT WAS HIS FIR/ WORK1 REVIS$ & PRES5T$ 9 ANO!R =M4 ,F\R MEMOIRS ONLY W]E S5T TO ! ,9/ITUTE1 NONE ( :I* GA9$ ! PRIZE4 ,TWO HONORABLE M5TIONS W]E GRANT$1 ONE ( !M TO MEMOIR ,NO4 #d2 ?AT IS1 TO ,P4 ,J4 ,PR\DHON1 PR9T] AT ,BESANCON4 ,! JUDGES W]E ,M,M4 ,AM$DE ,JAUB]T1 ,RE9AUD1 & ,BURN\F4 

0,! COMMITTEE10 SAID ! REPORT PRES5T$ AT ! ANNUAL MEET+ ( ! FIVE ACADEMIES ON ,?URSDAY1 ,MAY #b1 #a#h#c#i1 0HAS PAID ESPECIAL ATT5TION TO MANUSCRIPTS ,NO4 #a & ,NO4 #d4 ,/ILL1 IT DOES NOT FEEL ABLE TO GRANT ! PRIZE TO EI!R ( !SE WORKS1 BECAUSE !Y DO NOT APPE> TO BE SUFFICI5TLY ELABORAT$4 ,! COMMITTEE1 :I* F9DS 9 ,NO4 #d SOME +5I\S ANALYZES1 P>TICUL>LY 9 REG>D TO ! ME*ANISM ( ! ,HEBREW LANGUAGE1 REGRETS ?AT ! AU?OR HAS RESORT$ TO HAZ>D\S CONJECTURES1 & HAS SOMETIMES =GOTT5 ! SPECIAL RECOMM5DATION ( ! COMMITTEE TO PURSUE ! EXP]IM5TAL & COMP>ATIVE ME?OD40 

,PR\DHON REMEMB]$ ?IS4 ,HE ATT5D$ ! LECTURES ( ,EUG5E ,BURN\F1 &1 AS SOON AS HE BECAME ACQUA9T$ ) ! LABORS & DISCOV]IES ( ,BOPP & HIS SUCCESSORS1 HE DEF9ITIVELY AB&ON$ AN HYPO!SIS :I* HAD BE5 CONDEMN$ BY ! ,ACADEMY ( ,9SCRIPTIONS & ,BELLES-LETTRES4 ,HE !N SOLD1 = ! VALUE ( ! PAP]1 ! REMA9+ COPIES ( ! 0,ESSAY0 PUBLI%$ BY HIM 9 #a#h#c#g4 ,9 #a#h#e1 !Y W]E /ILL LY+ 9 A GROC]'S BACK-%OP4 ,A NEI<BOR+ PUBLI%] !N PLAC$ ! $ITION ON ! M>KET1 ) ! ATTRACTIVE NAME ( ,PR\DHON UPON IT4 ,A LAWSUIT 5SU$1 9 :I* ! AU?OR WAS BEAT54 ,HIS 5EMIES1 & AT ?AT TIME !RE W]E MANY ( !M1 W\LD HAVE BE5 GLAD TO HAVE PROV$ HIM A R5EGADE & A RECANT]4 ,PR\DHON1 9 HIS WORK ON 0,JU/ICE10 GIVES SOME 9T]E/+ DETAILS ( ?IS LAWSUIT4 

,9 POSSESSION ( ! ,SU>D P5SION1 ,PR\DHON TOOK P>T 9 ! CONTE/ PROPOS$ BY ! ,ACADEMY ( ,BESANCON ON ! QUE/ION ( ! UTILITY ( ! CELEBRATION ( ,SUNDAY4 ,HIS MEMOIR OBTA9$ HONORABLE M5TION1 TOGE!R ) A M$AL :I* WAS AW>D$ HIM1 9 OP5 SESSION1 ON ! #b#d? ( ,AUGU/1 #a#h#c#i4 ,! REPORT] ( ! COMMITTEE1 ! ,ABBE ,DONEY1 S9CE MADE ,BI%OP ( ,MONTAUBAN1 CALL$ ATT5TION TO ! UNQUE/IONABLE SUP]IORITY ( HIS TAL5T4 

0,BUT10 SAYS ,SA9TE ,BEUVE1 0HE REPROA*$ HIM ) HAV+ ADOPT$ DANG]\S !ORIES1 & ) HAV+ T\*$ UPON QUE/IONS ( PRACTICAL POLITICS & SOCIAL ORGANIZATION1 :]E UPRI<T 9T5TIONS & ZEAL = ! PUBLIC WELF>E CANNOT JU/IFY RA% SOLUTIONS40 

,WAS IT POLICY1 WE MEAN PRUD5CE1 :I* 9DUC$ ,PR\DHON TO SCRE5 HIS IDEAS ( EQUALITY BEH9D ! ,MOSAIC LAW8 ,SA9TE ,BEUVE1 LIKE MANY O!RS1 SEEMS TO ?9K SO4 ,BUT WE REMEMB] P]FECTLY WELL ?AT1 HAV+ ASK$ ,PR\DHON1 9 ,AUGU/1 #a#h#d#h1 IF HE DID NOT CONSID] HIMSELF 9DEBT$ 9 SOME RESPECTS TO HIS FELL[-C\NTRYMAN1 ,*>LES ,F\RI]1 WE RECEIV$ FROM HIM ! FOLL[+ REPLY3 0,I HAVE C]TA9LY READ ,F\RI]1 & HAVE SPOK5 ( HIM MORE ?AN ONCE 9 MY WORKS2 BUT1 UPON ! :OLE1 ,I DO NOT ?9K ?AT ,I [E ANY?+ TO HIM4 ,MY REAL MA/]S1 ?OSE :O HAVE CAUS$ F]TILE IDEAS TO SPR+ UP 9 MY M9D1 >E ?REE 9 NUMB]3 FIR/1 ! ,BIBLE2 NEXT1 ,ADAM ,SMI?2 & LA/1 ,HEGEL4 

,FREELY CONFESS$ 9 ! 0,CELEBRATION ( ,SUNDAY10 ! 9FLU5CE ( ! ,BIBLE ON ,PR\DHON IS NO LESS MANIFE/ 9 HIS FIR/ MEMOIR ON PROP]TY4 ,PR\DHON UND\BT$LY BR\<T TO ?IS WORK MANY IDEAS ( HIS [N2 BUT IS NOT ! V]Y F\NDATION ( ANCI5T ,JEWI% LAW TO BE F\ND 9 ITS CONDEMNATION ( USURI\S 9T]E/ & ITS D5IAL ( ! RI<T ( P]SONAL APPROPRIATION ( L&8 

,! FIR/ MEMOIR ON PROP]TY APPE>$ 9 #a#h#d1 UND] ! TITLE1 0,:AT IS ,PROP]TY8 OR AN ,9QUIRY 9TO ! ,PR9CIPLE ( ,RI<T & ( ,GOV]NM5T40 ,PR\DHON D$ICAT$ IT1 9 A LETT] :I* S]V$ AS ! PREFACE1 TO ! ,ACADEMY ( ,BESANCON4 ,! LATT]1 F9D+ ITSELF BR\<T TO TRIAL BY ITS P5SION]1 TOOK ! AFFAIR TO HE>T1 & EVOK$ IT1 SAYS ,SA9TE ,BEUVE1 ) ALL POSSIBLE HA/E4 ,! P5SION N>R[LY ESCAP$ BE+ IMM$IATELY )DRAWN FROM ! BOLD DEF5D] ( ! PR9CIPLE ( EQUALITY ( CONDITIONS4 ,M4 ,VIVI51 !N ,M9I/] ( ,JU/ICE1 :O WAS E>NE/LY SOLICIT$ TO PROSECUTE ! AU?OR1 WI%$ FIR/ TO OBTA9 ! OP9ION ( ! ECONOMI/1 ,BLANQUI1 A MEMB] ( ! ,ACADEMY ( ,MORAL & ,POLITICAL ,SCI5CES4 ,PR\DHON HAV+ PRES5T$ TO ?IS ACADEMY A COPY ( HIS BOOK1 ,M4 ,BLANQUI WAS APPO9T$ TO REVIEW IT4 ,?IS REVIEW1 ?\< IT OPPOS$ ,PR\DHON'S VIEWS1 %IELD$ HIM4 ,TREAT$ AS A SAVANT BY ,M4 ,BLANQUI1 ! AU?OR WAS NOT PROSECUT$4 ,HE WAS ALWAYS GRATEFUL TO ,M,M4 ,BLANQUI & ,VIVI5 = !IR H&SOME CONDUCT 9 ! MATT]4 

,M4 ,BLANQUI'S REVIEW1 :I* WAS P>TIALLY REPRODUC$ BY 0,LE ,MONITEUR10 ON ! #g? ( ,SEPTEMB]1 #a#h#d1 NATURALLY L$ ,PR\DHON TO ADDRESS TO HIM1 9 ! =M ( A LETT]1 HIS SECOND MEMOIR ON PROP]TY1 :I* APPE>$ 9 ,APRIL1 #a#h#d#a4 ,PR\DHON HAD 5DEAVOR$1 9 HIS FIR/ MEMOIR1 TO DEMON/RATE ?AT ! PURSUIT ( EQUALITY ( CONDITIONS IS ! TRUE PR9CIPLE ( RI<T & ( GOV]NM5T4 ,9 ! 0,LETT] TO ,M4 ,BLANQUI10 HE PASSES 9 REVIEW ! NUM]\S & V>I$ ME?ODS BY :I* ?IS PR9CIPLE GRADUALLY BECOMES REALIZ$ 9 ALL SOCIETIES1 ESPECIALLY 9 MOD]N SOCIETY4 

,9 #a#h#d#b1 A ?IRD MEMOIR APPE>$1 5TITL$1 0,A ,NOTICE TO ,PROPRIETORS1 OR A ,LETT] TO ,M4 ,VICTOR ,CONSID]ANT1 ,$ITOR ( ',LA ,PHALANGE1' 9 ,REPLY TO A ,DEF5SE ( ,PROP]TY40 ,H]E ! 9FLU5CE ( ,ADAM ,SMI? MANIFE/$ ITSELF1 & WAS FRANKLY ADMITT$4 ,DID NOT ,ADAM ,SMI? F9D1 9 ! PR9CIPLE ( EQUALITY1 ! FIR/ ( ALL ! LAWS :I* GOV]N WAGES8 ,!RE >E O!R LAWS1 UND\BT$LY2 BUT ,PR\DHON CONSID]S !M ALL AS SPR++ FROM ! PR9CIPLE ( PROP]TY1 AS HE DEF9$ IT 9 HIS FIR/ MEMOIR4 ,?US1 9 HUMANITY1 !RE >E TWO PR9CIPLES1 -- ONE :I* LEADS US TO EQUALITY1 ANO!R :I* SEP>ATES US FROM IT4 ,BY ! =M]1 WE TREAT EA* O!R AS ASSOCIATES2 BY ! LATT]1 AS /RANG]S1 NOT TO SAY 5EMIES4 ,?IS DI/9CTION1 :I* IS CON/ANTLY MET ) ?R\<\T ! ?REE MEMOIRS1 CONTA9$ ALREADY1 9 G]M1 ! IDEA :I* GAVE BIR? TO ! 0,SY/EM ( ,ECONOMICAL ,CONTRADICTIONS10 :I* APPE>$ 9 #a#h#d#f1 ! IDEA ( ANT9OMY OR CONTRE-LOI4 

,! 0,NOTICE TO ,PROPRIETORS0 WAS SEIZ$ BY ! MAGI/RATES ( ,BESANCON2 & ,PR\DHON WAS SUMMON$ TO APPE> BE=E ! ASSIZES ( ,D\BS )9 A WEEK4 ,HE READ HIS WRITT5 DEF5SE TO ! JURORS 9 P]SON1 & WAS ACQUITT$4 ,! JURY1 LIKE ,M4 ,BLANQUI1 VIEW$ HIM ONLY AS A PHILOSOPH]1 AN 9QUIR]1 A SAVANT4 

,9 #a#h#d#c1 ,PR\DHON PUBLI%$ ! 0,CREATION ( ,ORD] 9 ,HUMANITY10 A L>GE VOLUME1 :I* DOES NOT DEAL EXCLUSIVELY ) QUE/IONS ( SOCIAL ECONOMY4 ,RELIGION1 PHILOSOPHY1 ME?OD1 C]TA9TY1 LOGIC1 & DIALECTICS >E TREAT$ AT CONSID]ABLE L5G?4 

,RELEAS$ FROM HIS PR9T+-(FICE ON ! #a/ ( ,M>* ( ! SAME YE>1 ,PR\DHON HAD TO LOOK = A *ANCE TO E>N HIS LIV+4 ,MESSRS4 ,GAU?I] ,BROS41 C>RI]S BY WAT] BETWE5 ,MULH\SE & ,LYONS1 ! ELDE/ ( :OM WAS ,PR\DHON'S COMPANION 9 *ILDHOOD1 CONCEIV$ ! HAPPY ?\<T ( EMPLOY+ HIM1 ( UTILIZ+ HIS ABILITY 9 !IR BUS9ESS1 & 9 SETTL+ ! NUM]\S PO9TS ( DIFFICULTY :I* DAILY >OSE4 ,BESIDES ! L>GE NUMB] ( ACC\NTS :I* HIS NEW DUTIES REQUIR$ HIM TO MAKE \T1 & :I* RET>D$ ! PUBLICATION ( ! 0,SY/EM ( ,ECONOMICAL ,CONTRADICTIONS10 UNTIL ,OCTOB]1 #a#h#d#f1 WE \<T TO M5TION A WORK1 :I*1 BE=E IT APPE>$ 9 PAMPHLET =M1 WAS PUBLI%$ 9 ! 0,REVUE DES ,ECONOMI/ES10 -- 0,COMPETITION BETWE5 ,RAILROADS & ,NAVIGABLE ,WAYS40 

0,LE ,MIS]]E1 OR ! ,REP5TANCE ( A ,K+10 :I* HE PUBLI%$ 9 ,M>*1 #a#h#d#e1 9 ! 0,REVUE ,9DEP5DANTE10 DUR+ ?AT ,L5T5 SEASON :5 ,LACORDAIRE WAS PREA*+ 9 ,LYONS1 PROVES ?AT1 ?\< DEVOT+ HIMSELF ) >DOR TO ! /UDY ( ECONOMICAL PROBLEMS1 ,PR\DHON HAD NOT LO/ HIS 9T]E/ 9 QUE/IONS ( RELIGI\S HI/ORY4 ,AMONG HIS WRIT+S ON !SE QUE/IONS1 :I* HE WAS UN=TUNATELY OBLIG$ TO LEAVE UNF9I%$1 WE MAY M5TION A NE>LY COMPLET$ HI/ORY ( ! E>LY ,*RI/IAN H]ESIES1 & ( ! /RUGGLE ( ,*RI/IANITY AGA9/ ,CAES>ISM4 

,WE HAVE SAID ?AT1 9 #a#h#d#h1 ,PR\DHON RECOGNIZ$ ?REE MA/]S4 ,HAV+ NO KN[L$GE ( ! ,G]MAN LANGUAGE1 HE C\LD NOT HAVE READ ! WORKS ( ,HEGEL1 :I* AT ?AT TIME HAD NOT BE5 TRANSLAT$ 9TO ,FR5*4 ,IT WAS ,*>LES ,GRUN1 A ,G]MAN1 :O HAD COME TO ,FRANCE TO /UDY ! V>I\S PHILOSOPHICAL & SOCIALI/IC SY/EMS1 :O GAVE HIM ! SUB/ANCE ( ! ,HEGELIAN IDEAS4 ,DUR+ ! W9T] ( #a#h#d#d-#d#e1 ,*>LES ,GRUN HAD SOME LONG CONV]SATIONS ) ,PR\DHON1 :I* DET]M9$1 V]Y DECISIVELY1 NOT ! IDEAS1 :I* BELONG$ EXCLUSIVELY TO ! BISONT9 ?9K]1 BUT ! =M ( ! IMPORTANT WORK ON :I* HE LABOR$ AFT] #a#h#d#c1 & :I* WAS PUBLI%$ 9 #ahdf BY ,GUILLAUM94 

,HEGEL'S GREAT IDEA1 :I* ,PR\DHON APPROPRIAT$1 & :I* HE DEMON/RATES ) WOND]FUL ABILITY 9 ! 0,SY/EM ( ,ECONOMICAL ,CONTRADICTIONS10 IS AS FOLL[S3 ,ANT9OMY1 ?AT IS1 ! EXI/5CE ( TWO LAWS OR T5D5CIES :I* >E OPPOS$ TO EA* O!R1 IS POSSIBLE1 NOT ONLY ) TWO DIFF]5T ?+S1 BUT ) ONE & ! SAME ?+4 ,CONSID]$ 9 !IR !SIS1 ?AT IS1 9 ! LAW OR T5D5CY :I* CREAT$ !M1 ALL ! ECONOMICAL CATEGORIES >E RATIONAL1 -- COMPETITION1 MONOPOLY1 ! BALANCE ( TRADE1 & PROP]TY1 AS WELL AS ! DIVISION ( LABOR1 MA*9]Y1 TAXATION1 & CR$IT4 ,BUT1 LIKE COMMUNISM & POPULATION1 ALL !SE CATEGORIES >E ANT9OMICAL2 ALL >E OPPOS$1 NOT ONLY TO EA* O!R1 BUT TO !MSELVES4 ,ALL IS OPPOSITION1 & DISORD] IS BORN ( ?IS SY/EM ( OPPOSITION4 ,H5CE1 ! SUB-TITLE ( ! WORK1 -- 0,PHILOSOPHY ( ,MIS]Y40 ,NO CATEGORY CAN BE SUPPRESS$2 ! OPPOSITION1 ANT9OMY1 OR CONTRE-T5DANCE1 :I* EXI/S 9 EA* ( !M1 CANNOT BE SUPPRESS$4 

,:]E1 !N1 LIES ! SOLUTION ( ! SOCIAL PROBLEM8 ,9FLU5C$ BY ! ,HEGELIAN IDEAS1 ,PR\DHON BEGAN TO LOOK = IT 9 A SUP]IOR SYN!SIS1 :I* %\LD RECONCILE ! !SIS & ANTI!SIS4 ,AFT]W>DS1 :ILE AT WORK UPON HIS BOOK ON 0,JU/ICE10 HE SAW ?AT ! ANT9OMICAL T]MS DO NOT CANCEL EA* O!R1 ANY MORE ?AN ! OPPOSITE POLES ( AN ELECTRIC PILE DE/ROY EA* O!R2 ?AT !Y >E ! PROCREATIVE CAUSE ( MOTION1 LIFE1 & PROGRESS2 ?AT ! PROBLEM IS TO DISCOV]1 NOT !IR FUSION1 :I* W\LD BE DEA?1 BUT !IR EQUILIBRIUM1 -- AN EQUILIBRIUM = EV] UN/ABLE1 V>Y+ ) ! DEVELOPM5T ( SOCIETY4 

,ON ! COV] ( ! 0,SY/EM ( ,ECONOMICAL ,CONTRADICTIONS10 ,PR\DHON ANN\NC$1 AS SOON TO APPE>1 HIS 0,SOLUTION ( ! ,SOCIAL ,PROBLEM40 ,?IS WORK1 UPON :I* HE WAS 5GAG$ :5 ! ,REVOLUTION ( #ahdh BROKE \T1 HAD TO BE CUT UP 9TO PAMPHLETS & NEWSPAP] >TICLES4 ,! TWO PAMPHLETS1 :I* HE PUBLI%$ 9 ,M>*1 #a#h#d#h1 BE=E HE BECAME $ITOR ( 0,LE ,REPRES5TANT DU ,PEUPLE10 BE> ! SAME TITLE1 -- 0,SOLUTION ( ! ,SOCIAL ,PROBLEM40 ,! FIR/1 :I* IS MA9LY A CRITICISM ( ! E>LY ACTS ( ! PROVISIONAL GOV]NM5T1 IS NOTABLE FROM ! FACT ?AT 9 IT ,PR\DHON1 9 ADVANCE ( ALL O!RS1 5]GETICALLY OPPOS$ ! E/ABLI%M5T ( NATIONAL WORK%OPS4 ,! SECOND1 0,ORGANIZATION ( ,CR$IT & ,CIRCULATION10 SUMS UP 9 A FEW PAGES HIS IDEA ( ECONOMICAL PROGRESS3 A GRADUAL R$UCTION ( 9T]E/1 PR(IT1 R5T1 TAXES1 & WAGES4 ,ALL PROGRESS HI!RTO HAS BE5 MADE 9 ?IS MANN]2 9 ?IS MANN] IT MU/ CONT9UE TO BE MADE4 ,?OSE WORK+M5 :O FAVOR A NOM9AL 9CREASE ( WAGES >E1 UNCONSCI\SLY4 FOLL[+ A BACK-TRACK1 OPPOS$ TO ALL !IR 9T]E/S4 

,AFT] HAV+ PUBLI%$ 9 0,LE ,REPRES5TANT DU ,PEUPLE10 ! /ATUTES ( ! ,BANK ( ,EX*ANGE1 -- A BANK :I* WAS TO MAKE NO PR(ITS1 S9CE IT WAS TO HAVE NO /OCKHOLD]S1 & :I*1 CONSEQU5TLY1 WAS TO DISC\NT COMM]CIAL PAP] ) \T 9T]E/1 *>G+ ONLY A COMMISSION SUFFICI5T TO DEFRAY ITS RUNN+ EXP5SES1 -- ,PR\DHON 5DEAVOR$1 9 A NUMB] ( >TICLES1 TO EXPLA9 ITS ME*ANISM & NECESSITY4 ,!SE >TICLES HAVE BE5 COLLECT$ 9 ONE VOLUME1 UND] ! D\BLE TITLE1 0,RESUME ( ! ,SOCIAL ,QUE/ION2 ,BANK ( ,EX*ANGE40 ,HIS O!R >TICLES1 ?OSE :I* UP TO ,DECEMB]1 #a#h#d#h1 W]E 9SPIR$ BY ! PROGRESS ( EV5TS1 HAVE BE5 COLLECT$ 9 ANO!R VOLUME1 -- 0,REVOLUTION>Y ,IDEAS40 

,ALMO/ UNKN[N 9 ,M>*1 #a#h#d#h1 & /RUCK (F 9 ,APRIL FROM ! LI/ ( C&IDATES = ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY BY ! DELEGATION ( WORK+M5 :I* SAT AT ! ,LUXEMB\RG1 ,PR\DHON HAD BUT A V]Y SMALL NUMB] ( VOTES AT ! G5]AL ELECTIONS ( ,APRIL4 ,AT ! COMPLEM5T>Y ELECTIONS1 :I* W]E HELD 9 ! E>LY DAYS ( ,JUNE1 HE WAS ELECT$ 9 ,P>IS BY SEV5TY-SEV5 ?\S& VOTES4 

,AFT] ! FATAL DAYS ( ,JUNE1 HE PUBLI%$ AN >TICLE ON LE T]ME1 :I* CAUS$ ! FIR/ SUSP5SION ( 0,LE ,REPRES5TANT DU ,PEUPLE40 ,IT WAS AT ?AT TIME ?AT HE 9TRODUC$ A BILL 9TO ! ,ASSEMBLY1 :I*1 BE+ REF]R$ TO ! ,COMMITTEE ON ! ,F9ANCES1 DREW =?1 FIR/1 ! REPORT ( ,M4 ,?I]S1 & !N ! SPEE* :I* ,PR\DHON DELIV]$1 ON ! #c#a/ ( ,JULY1 9 REPLY TO ?IS REPORT4 0,LE ,REPRES5TANT DU ,PEUPLE10 REAPPE>+ A FEW DAYS LAT]1 HE WROTE1 A PROPOS ( ! LAW REQUIR+ J\RNALS TO GIVE BONDS1 HIS FAM\S >TICLE ON 0,! ,MAL?USIANS0 7,AUGU/ #a1 #a#h#d#h74 ,T5 DAYS AFT]W>DS1 0,LE ,REPRES5TANT DU ,PEUPLE10 AGA9 SUSP5D$1 DEF9ITIVELY CEAS$ TO APPE>4 0,LE ,PEUPLE10 ( :I* HE WAS ! $ITOR-9-*IEF1 & ! FIR/ NUMB] ( :I* WAS ISSU$ 9 ! E>LY P>T ( ,SEPTEMB]1 APPE>$ WEEKLY AT FIR/1 = WANT ( SUFFICI5T BONDS2 IT AFT]W>DS APPE>$ DAILY1 ) A D\BLE NUMB] ONCE A WEEK4 ,BE=E 0,LE ,PEUPLE0 HAD OBTA9$ ITS FIR/ BOND1 ,PR\DHON PUBLI%$ A REM>KABLE PAMPHLET ON ! 0,RI<T TO ,LABOR10 -- A RI<T :I* HE D5I$ 9 ! =M 9 :I* IT WAS !N AFFIRM$4 ,IT WAS DUR+ ! SAME P]IOD ?AT HE PROPOS$1 AT ! ,POISSONNI]E BANQUET1 HIS ,TOA/ TO ! ,REVOLUTION4 

,PR\DHON1 :O HAD BE5 ASK$ TO PRESIDE AT ! BANQUET1 REFUS$1 & PROPOS$ 9 HIS /EAD1 FIR/1 ,L$RU-,ROLL91 & !N1 9 VIEW ( ! RELUCTANCE ( ! ORGANIZ]S ( ! BANQUET1 ! ILLU/RI\S PRESID5T ( ! P>TY ( ! ,M\NTA91 ,LAM5NAIS4 ,IT WAS EVID5TLY HIS 9T5TION TO 9DUCE ! REPRES5TATIVES ( ! ,EXTREME ,LEFT TO PROCLAIM AT LA/ ) HIM ! ,DEMOCRATIC & ,SOCIAL ,REPUBLIC4 ,LAM5NAIS BE+ ACCEPT$ BY ! ORGANIZ]S1 ! ,M\NTA9 PROMIS$ TO BE PRES5T AT ! BANQUET4 ,! NI<T BE=E1 ALL SEEM$ RI<T1 :5 ,G5]AL ,CAVAIGNAC REPLAC$ ,M9I/] ,S5>T BY ,M9I/] ,DUFAURE-,VIVI54 ,! ,M\NTA91 QUE/ION+ ! GOV]NM5T1 PROPOS$ A VOTE ( CONFID5CE 9 ! OLD M9I/]1 &1 TACITLY1 ( WANT ( CONFID5CE 9 ! NEW4 ,PR\DHON AB-/A9$ FROM VOT+ ON ?IS PROPOSITION4 ,! ,M\NTA9 DECL>$ ?AT IT W\LD NOT ATT5D ! BANQUET1 IF ,PR\DHON WAS TO BE PRES5T4 ,FIVE ,MONTAGN>DS1 ,MA?IEU ( ,DROME AT !IR HEAD1 W5T TO ! TEMPOR>Y (FICE ( 0,LE ,PEUPLE0 TO NOTIFY HIM ( ?IS4 0,CITIZ5 ,PR\DHON10 SAID !Y TO ! ORGANIZ]S 9 HIS PRES5CE1 09 AB/A9+ FROM VOT+ TO-DAY ON ! PROPOSITION ( ! ,M\NTA91 HAS BETRAY$ ! ,REPUBLICAN CAUSE40 ,PR\DHON1 VEHEM5TLY QUE/ION$1 BEGAN HIS DEF5SE BY RECALL+1 ON ! ONE H&1 ! TREATM5T :I* HE HAD RECEIV$ FROM ! DISMISS$ M9I/]2 &1 ON ! O!R1 ! IMP>TIAL CONDUCT DISPLAY$ T[>DS HIM 9 #ahd BY ,M4 ,VIVI51 ! NEW M9I/]4 ,HE !N ATTACK$ ! ,M\NTA9 BY TELL+ ITS DELEGATES ?AT IT S\<T ONLY A PRETEXT1 & ?AT REALLY1 9 SPITE ( ITS PR(ESSIONS ( ,SOCIALISM 9 PRIVATE CONV]SATION1 :E!R ) HIM OR ) ! ORGANIZ]S ( ! BANQUET1 IT HAD NOT ! C\RAGE TO PUBLICLY DECL>E ITSELF ,SOCIALI/4 

,ON ! FOLL[+ DAY1 9 HIS ,TOA/ TO ! ,REVOLUTION1 A TOA/ :I* WAS FILL$ ) ALLUSIONS TO ! EXCIT+ SC5E ( ! NI<T BE=E1 ,PR\DHON COMM5C$ HIS /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! ,M\NTA94 ,HIS DUEL ) ,FELIX ,PYAT WAS ONE ( ! EPISODES ( ?IS /RUGGLE1 :I* BECAME LESS BITT] ON ,PR\DHON'S SIDE AFT] ! ,M\NTA9 F9ALLY DECID$ TO PUBLICLY PROCLAIM ! ,DEMOCRATIC & ,SOCIAL ,REPUBLIC4 ,! CAMPAIGN = ! ELECTION ( A ,PRESID5T ( ! ,REPUBLIC HAD JU/ BEGUN4 ,PR\DHON MADE A V]Y %>P ATTACK ON ! C&IDACY ( ,L\IS ,BONAP>TE 9 A PAMPHLET :I* IS REG>D$ AS ONE ( HIS LIT]>Y *EFS-D'OEUVRE3 ! 0,PAMPHLET ON ! ,PRESID5CY40 ,AN OPPON5T ( ?IS 9/ITUTION1 AGA9/ :I* HE HAD VOT$ 9 ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY1 HE AT FIR/ DECID$ TO TAKE NO P>T 9 ! CAMPAIGN4 ,BUT SOON SEE+ ?AT HE WAS ?US 9CREAS+ ! *ANCES ( ,L\IS ,BONAP>TE1 & ?AT IF1 AS WAS NOT AT ALL PROBABLE1 ! LATT] %\LD NOT OBTA9 AN ABSOLUTE MAJORITY ( ! VOTES1 ! ,ASSEMBLY W\LD NOT FAIL TO ELECT ,G5]AL ,CAVAIGNAC1 HE ESP\S$1 = ! SAKE ( =M1 ! C&IDACY ( ,RASPAIL1 :O WAS SUPPORT$ BY HIS FRI5DS 9 ! ,SOCIALI/ ,COMMITTEE4 ,*>LES ,DELESCLUZE1 ! $ITOR-9-*IEF ( 0,LA ,REVOLUTION ,DEMOCRATIQUE ET ,SOCIALE10 :O C\LD NOT =GIVE HIM = HAV+ PREF]R$ ,RASPAIL TO ,L$RU-,ROLL91 ! C&IDATE ( ! ,M\NTA91 ATTACK$ HIM ON ! DAY AFT] ! ELECTION ) A VIOL5CE :I* OV]/EPP$ ALL B\NDS4 ,AT FIR/1 ,PR\DHON HAD ! WISDOM TO REFRA9 FROM ANSW]+ HIM4 ,AT L5G?1 DRIV5 TO AN EXTREMITY1 HE BECAME AGGRESSIVE HIMSELF1 & ,DELESCLUZE S5T HIM HIS SECONDS4 ,?IS TIME1 ,PR\DHON POSITIVELY REFUS$ TO FI<T2 HE W\LD NOT HAVE F\<T ) ,FELIX ,PYAT1 HAD NOT HIS C\RAGE BE5 CALL$ 9 QUE/ION4 

,ON ! #b#e? ( ,JANU>Y1 #a#h#d#i1 ,PR\DHON1 RIS+ FROM A SICK B$1 SAW ?AT ! EXI/5CE ( ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY WAS 5DANG]$ BY ! COALITION ( ! MON>*ICAL P>TIES ) ,L\IS ,BONAP>TE1 :O WAS ALREADY PLANN+ HIS C\P D',ETAT4 ,HE DID NOT HESITATE TO OP5LY ATTACK ! MAN :O HAD JU/ RECEIV$ FIVE MILLIONS ( VOTES4 ,HE WANT$ TO BREAK ! IDOL2 HE SUCCE$$ ONLY 9 GETT+ PROSECUT$ & CONDEMN$ HIMSELF4 ,! PROSECUTION DEM&$ AGA9/ HIM WAS AU?ORIZ$ BY A MAJORITY ( ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY1 9 SPITE ( ! SPEE* :I* HE DELIV]$ ON ?AT OCCASION4 ,DECL>$ GUILTY BY ! JURY1 HE WAS S5T5C$1 9 ,M>*1 #a#h#d#i1 TO ?REE YE>S' IMPRISONM5T & ! PAYM5T ( A F9E ( T5 ?\S& FRANCS4 

,PR\DHON HAD NOT AB&ON$ = A S+LE MOM5T HIS PROJECT ( A ,BANK ( ,EX*ANGE1 :I* WAS TO OP]ATE )\T CAPITAL ) A SUFFICI5T NUMB] ( M]*ANTS & MANUFACTUR]S = ADH]5TS4 ,?IS BANK1 :I* HE !N CALL$ ! ,BANK ( ! ,PEOPLE1 & >\ND :I* HE WI%$ TO GA!R ! NUM]\S WORK+-PEOPLE'S ASSOCIATIONS :I* HAD BE5 =M$ S9CE ! #b#d? ( ,FEBRU>Y1 #a#h#d#h1 HAD ALREADY OBTA9$ A C]TA9 NUMB] ( SUBSCRIB]S & ADH]5TS1 ! LATT] TO ! NUMB] ( ?IRTY-SEV5 ?\S&4 ,IT WAS AB\T TO COMM5CE OP]ATIONS1 :5 ,PR\DHON'S S5T5CE =C$ HIM TO *OOSE BETWE5 IMPRISONM5T & EXILE4 ,HE DID NOT HESITATE TO AB&ON HIS PROJECT & RETURN ! MONEY TO ! SUBSCRIB]S4 ,HE EXPLA9$ ! MOTIVES :I* L$ HIM TO ?IS DECISION 9 AN >TICLE 9 0,LE ,PEUPLE40 

,HAV+ FL$ TO ,BELGIUM1 HE REMA9$ !RE BUT A FEW DAYS1 GO+ !NCE TO ,P>IS1 UND] AN ASSUM$ NAME1 TO CONCEAL HIMSELF 9 A H\SE 9 ! ,RUE DE ,*ABROL4 ,FROM HIS HID+-PLACE HE S5T >TICLES ALMO/ EV]Y DAY1 SIGN$ & UNSIGN$1 TO 0,LE ,PEUPLE40 ,9 ! EV5+1 DRESS$ 9 A BL\SE1 HE W5T TO SOME SECLUD$ SPOT TO TAKE ! AIR4 ,SOON1 EMBOLD5$ BY HABIT1 HE RISK$ AN EV5+ PROM5ADE UPON ! ,B\LEV>DS1 & AFT]W>DS C>RI$ HIS IMPRUD5CE SO F> AS TO TAKE A /ROLL BY DAYLI<T 9 ! NEI<BORHOOD ( ! ,G>E DU ,NORD4 ,IT WAS NOT LONG BE=E HE WAS RECOGNIZ$ BY ! POLICE1 :O >RE/$ HIM ON ! #f? ( ,JUNE1 #a#h#d#i1 9 ! ,RUE DU ,FAUB\RG-,POISSONNI]E4 

,TAK5 TO ! (FICE ( ! PREFECT ( POLICE1 !N TO ,SA9TE -- ,PELAGIE1 HE WAS 9 ! ,CONCI]G]IE ON ! DAY ( ! #a#c? ( ,JUNE1 #a#h#d#i1 :I* 5D$ ) ! VIOL5T SUPPRESSION ( 0,LE ,PEUPLE40 ,HE !N BEGAN TO WRITE ! 0,CONFESSIONS ( A ,REVOLUTIONI/10 PUBLI%$ T[>DS ! 5D ( ! YE>4 ,HE HAD BE5 AGA9 TRANSF]R$ TO ,SA9TE-,PELAGIE1 :5 HE M>RI$1 9 ,DECEMB]1 #a#h#d#i1 ,MLLE4 ,EUPHRASIE ,PIEG>D1 A Y\NG WORK+ GIRL :OSE H& HE HAD REQUE/$ 9 #a#h#d#g4 ,MADAME ,PR\DHON BORE HIM F\R DAU<T]S1 ( :OM BUT TWO1 ,CA!R9E & ,/EPHANIE1 SURVIV$ !IR FA!R4 ,/EPHANIE DI$ 9 #a#h#g#c4 

,9 ,OCTOB]1 #a#h#d#i1 0,LE ,PEUPLE0 WAS REPLAC$ BY A NEW J\RNAL1 0,LA ,VOIX DU ,PEUPLE10 :I* ,PR\DHON $IT$ FROM HIS PRISON CELL4 ,9 IT W]E PUBLI%$ HIS DISCUSSIONS ) ,PI]RE ,L]\X & ,BA/IAT4 ,! POLITICAL >TICLES :I* HE S5T TO 0,LA ,VOIX DU ,PEUPLE0 SO DISPLEAS$ ! GOV]NM5T F9ALLY1 ?AT IT TRANSF]R$ HIM TO ,D\LL5S1 :]E HE WAS SECRETLY CONF9$ = SOME TIME4 ,AFT]W>DS TAK5 BACK TO ,P>IS1 TO APPE> BE=E ! ASSIZES ( ! ,SE9E 9 REF]5CE TO AN >TICLE 9 0,LA ,VOIX DU ,PEUPLE10 HE WAS DEF5D$ BY ,M4 ,CREMIEUX & ACQUITT$4 ,FROM ! ,CONCI]G]IE HE W5T AGA9 TO ,SA9TE-,PELAGIE1 :]E HE 5D$ HIS ?REE YE>S 9 PRISON ON ! #f? ( ,JUNE1 #a#h#e#b4 

0,LA ,VOIX DU ,PEUPLE10 SUPPRESS$ BE=E ! PROMULGATION ( ! LAW ( ! #c#a/ ( ,MAY1 HAD BE5 REPLAC$ BY A WEEKLY %EET1 0,LE ,PEUPLE0 ( #a#h#e4 ,E/ABLI%$ BY ! AID ( ! PR9CIPAL MEMB]S ( ! ,M\NTA91 ?IS J\RNAL SOON MET ) ! FATE ( ITS PR$ECESSORS4 

,9 #a#h#e#a1 SEV]AL MON?S BE=E ! C\P D',ETAT1 ,PR\DHON PUBLI%$ ! 0,G5]AL ,IDEA ( ! ,REVOLUTION ( ! ,N9ETE5? ,C5TURY10 9 :I*1 AFT] HAV+ %[N ! LOGICAL S]IES ( UNIT>Y GOV]NM5TS1 -- FROM MON>*Y1 :I* IS ! FIR/ T]M1 TO ! DIRECT GOV]NM5T ( ! PEOPLE1 :I* IS ! LA/1 -- HE OPPOSES ! IDEAL ( AN->*Y OR SELF-GOV]NM5T TO ! COMMUNI/IC OR GOV]NM5TAL IDEAL4 

,AT ?IS P]IOD1 ! ,SOCIALI/ P>TY1 DISC\RAG$ BY ! ELECTIONS ( #a#h#d#i1 :I* RESULT$ 9 A GREAT] CONS]VATIVE TRIUMPH ?AN ?OSE ( #a#h#d#h1 & JU/LY ANGRY ) ! NATIONAL REPRES5TATIVE BODY :I* HAD JU/ PASS$ ! LAW ( ! 

#c#a/ ( ,MAY1 #a#h#e1 DEM&$ DIRECT LEGISLATION & DIRECT GOV]NM5T4 ,PR\DHON1 :O DID NOT WANT1 AT ANY PRICE1 ! PLEBISCIT>Y SY/EM :I* HE HAD GOOD REASON TO REG>D AS DE/RUCTIVE ( LIB]TY1 DID NOT HESITATE TO PO9T \T1 TO ?OSE ( HIS FRI5DS :O EXPECT$ EV]Y ?+ FROM DIRECT LEGISLATION1 ONE ( ! ANT9OMIES ( UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE4 ,9 SO F> AS IT IS AN 9/ITUTION 9T5D$ TO A*IEVE1 = ! B5EFIT ( ! GREATE/ NUMB]1 ! SOCIAL RE=MS TO :I* L&$ SUFFRAGE IS OPPOS$1 UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE IS P[]LESS2 ESPECIALLY IF IT PRET5DS TO LEGISLATE OR GOV]N DIRECTLY4 ,=1 UNTIL ! SOCIAL RE=MS >E ACCOMPLI%$1 ! GREATE/ NUMB] IS ( NECESSITY ! LEA/ 5LI<T5$1 & CONSEQU5TLY ! LEA/ CAPABLE ( UND]/&+ & EFFECT+ RE=MS4 ,9 REG>D TO ! ANT9OMY1 PO9T$ \T BY HIM1 ( LIB]TY & GOV]NM5T1 -- :E!R ! LATT] BE MON>*IC1 >I/OCRATIC1 OR DEMOCRATIC 9 =M1 -- ,PR\DHON1 :OSE *IEF DESIRE WAS TO PRES]VE LIB]TY1 NATURALLY S\<T ! SOLUTION 9 ! FREE CONTRACT4 ,BUT ?\< ! FREE CONTRACT MAY BE A PRACTICAL SOLUTION ( PURELY ECONOMICAL QUE/IONS1 IT CANNOT BE MADE USE ( 9 POLITICS4 ,PR\DHON RECOGNIZ$ ?IS T5 YE>S LAT]1 :5 HIS BEAUTIFUL /UDY ON 0,W> & ,PEACE0 L$ HIM TO F9D 9 ! F$]ATIVE PR9CIPLE ! EXACT EQUILIBRIUM ( LIB]TY & GOV]NM5T4 

0,! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION ,DEMON/RAT$ BY ! ,C\P D' ,ETAT0 APPE>$ 9 #a#h#e#b1 A FEW MON?S AFT] HIS RELEASE FROM PRISON4 ,AT ?AT TIME1 T]ROR PREVAIL$ TO SU* AN EXT5T ?AT NO ONE WAS WILL+ TO PUBLI% HIS BOOK )\T EXPRESS P]MISSION FROM ! GOV]NM5T4 ,HE SUCCE$$ 9 OBTA9+ ?IS P]MISSION BY WRIT+ TO ,L\IS ,BONAP>TE A LETT] :I* HE PUBLI%$ AT ! SAME TIME ) ! WORK4 ,! LATT] BE+ (F]$ = SALE1 ,PR\DHON WAS W>N$ ?AT HE W\LD NOT BE ALL[$ TO PUBLI% ANY MORE BOOKS ( ! SAME *>ACT]4 ,AT ?AT TIME HE 5T]TA9$ ! IDEA ( WRIT+ A UNIV]SAL HI/ORY 5TITL$ 0,*RONOS40 ,?IS PROJECT WAS NEV] FULFILL$4 

,ALREADY ! FA!R ( TWO *ILDR51 & AB\T TO BE PRES5T$ ) A ?IRD1 ,PR\DHON WAS OBLIG$ TO DEVISE SOME IMM$IATE MEANS ( GA9+ A LIV+2 HE RESUM$ HIS LABORS1 & PUBLI%$1 AT FIR/ ANONYM\SLY1 ! 0,MANUAL ( A ,SPECULATOR 9 ! ,/OCK-,EX*ANGE40 ,LAT]1 9 #a#h#e#g1 AFT] HAV+ COMPLET$ ! WORK1 HE DID NOT HESITATE TO SIGN IT1 ACKN[L$G+ 9 ! PREFACE HIS 9DEBT$NESS TO HIS COLLABORATOR1 ,G4 ,DU*5E4 

,MEANTIME1 HE VA9LY S\<T P]MISSION TO E/ABLI% A J\RNAL1 OR REVIEW4 ,?IS P]MISSION WAS /EADILY REFUS$ HIM4 ,! IMP]IAL GOV]NM5T ALWAYS SUSPECT$ HIM AFT] ! PUBLICATION ( ! 0,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION ,DEMON/RAT$ BY ! ,C\P D',ETAT40 

,T[>DS ! 5D ( #a#h#e#c1 ,PR\DHON ISSU$ 9 ,BELGIUM A PAMPHLET 5TITL$ 0,! ,PHILOSOPHY ( ,PROGRESS40 ,5TIRELY 9(F5SIVE AS IT WAS1 ?IS PAMPHLET1 :I* HE 5DEAVOR$ TO S5D 9TO ,FRANCE1 WAS SEIZ$ ON ! FRONTI]4 ,PR\DHON'S COMPLA9TS W]E ( NO AVAIL4 

,! EMPIRE GAVE GRANTS AFT] GRANTS TO L>GE COMPANIES4 ,A F9ANCIAL SOCIETY1 HAV+ ASK$ = ! GRANT ( A RAILROAD 9 ! EA/ ( ,FRANCE1 EMPLOY$ ,PR\DHON TO WRITE SEV]AL MEMOIRS 9 SUPPORT ( ?IS DEM&4 ,! GRANT WAS GIV5 TO ANO!R COMPANY4 ,! AU?OR WAS (F]$ AN 9DEMNITY AS COMP5SATION1 TO BE PAID 7AS WAS CU/OM>Y 9 SU* CASES7 BY ! COMPANY :I* RECEIV$ ! GRANT4 ,IT IS NE$LESS TO SAY ?AT ,PR\DHON W\LD ACCEPT NO?+4 ,!N1 WI%+ TO EXPLA9 TO ! PUBLIC1 AS WELL AS TO ! GOV]NM5T1 ! 5D :I* HE HAD 9 VIEW1 HE PUBLI%$ ! WORK 5TITL$ 0,RE=MS TO BE ,EFFECT$ 9 ! ,MANAGEM5T ( ,RAILROADS40 

,T[>DS ! 5D ( #a#h#e#d1 ,PR\DHON HAD ALREADY BEGUN HIS BOOK ON 0,JU/ICE10 :5 HE HAD A VIOL5T ATTACK ( *OL]A1 FROM :I* HE RECOV]$ ) GREAT DIFFICULTY4 ,EV] AFT]W>DS HIS HEAL? WAS DELICATE4 

,AT LA/1 ON ! #b#bD ( ,APRIL1 #a#h#e#h1 HE PUBLI%$1 9 ?REE L>GE VOLUMES1 ! IMPORTANT WORK UPON :I* HE HAD LABOR$ S9CE #a#h#e#d4 ,?IS WORK HAD TWO TITLES3 ! FIR/1 0,JU/ICE 9 ! ,REVOLUTION & 9 ! ,*UR*20 ! SECOND1 0,NEW ,PR9CIPLES ( ,PRACTICAL ,PHILOSOPHY1 ADDRESS$ TO ,HIS ,HI<NESS ,MONSEIGNEUR ,MA?IEU1 ,C>D9AL-,>*BI%OP ( ,BESANCON40 ,ON ! #b#g? ( ,APRIL1 :5 !RE HAD SC>CELY BE5 TIME TO READ ! WORK1 AN ORD] WAS ISSU$ BY ! MAGI/RATE = ITS SEIZURE2 ON ! #b#h? ! SEIZURE WAS EFFECT$4 ,TO ?IS FIR/ ACT ( ! MAGI/RACY1 ! AU?OR ( ! 9CRIM9AT$ BOOK REPLI$ ON ! #a#a? ( ,MAY 9 A /RONGLY-MOTIV$ PETITION1 DEM&+ A REVISION ( ! CONCORDAT ( #a#h#b2 OR1 9 O!R WORDS1 A NEW ADJU/M5T ( ! RELATIONS BETWE5 ,*UR* & ,/ATE4 ,AT BOTTOM1 ?IS PETITION WAS BUT ! LOGICAL CONSEQU5CE ( ! WORK ITSELF4 ,AN $ITION ( A ?\S& COPIES BE+ PUBLI%$ ON ! #a#g? ( ,MAY1 ! 0,PETITION TO ! ,S5ATE0 WAS REG>D$ BY ! PUBLIC PROSECUTOR AS AN AGGRAVATION ( ! (F5SE OR (F5SES DISCOV]$ 9 ! BODY ( ! WORK TO :I* IT WAS AN APP5DIX1 & WAS SEIZ$ 9 ITS TURN ON ! #b#cD4 ,ON ! FIR/ ( ,JUNE1 ! AU?OR APPEAL$ TO ! ,S5ATE 9 A SECOND 0,PETITION10 :I* WAS DEPOSIT$ ) ! FIR/ 9 ! (FICE ( ! ,SECRET>Y ( ! ,ASSEMBLY1 ! GU>DIAN & GU>ANTEE1 ACCORD+ TO ! CON/ITUTION ( #a#h#e#b1 ( ! PR9CIPLES ( '#h#i4 ,ON ! #bD ( ,JUNE1 ! TWO PROCESSES BE+ UNIT$1 ,PR\DHON APPE>$ AT ! B> ) HIS PUBLI%]1 ! PR9T] ( ! BOOK1 & ! PR9T] ( ! PETITION1 TO RECEIVE ! S5T5CE ( ! POLICE MAGI/RATE1 :I* CONDEMN$ HIM TO ?REE YE>S' IMPRISONM5T1 A F9E ( F\R ?\S& FRANCS1 & ! SUPPRESSION ( HIS WORK4 ,IT IS NE$LESS TO SAY ?AT ! PUBLI%] & PR9T]S W]E ALSO CONDEMN$ BY ! SIX? *AMB]4 

,PR\DHON LODG$ AN APPEAL2 HE WROTE A MEMOIR :I* ! LAW ( #a#h#a#i1 9 ! ABS5CE ( :I* HE W\LD HAVE BE5 LIABLE TO A NEW PROSECUTION1 GAVE HIM ! P[] TO PUBLI% PREVI\S TO ! HE>+4 ,HAV+ DECID$ TO MAKE USE ( ! MEANS :I* ! LAW P]MITT$1 HE URG$ 9 VA9 ! PR9T]S :O W]E PROSECUT$ ) HIM TO L5D HIM !IR AID4 ,HE !N DEM&$ ( ,ATTORNEY-,G5]AL ,*AIX D',E/ ,ANGE A /ATEM5T TO ! EFFECT ?AT ! TW5TY-?IRD >TICLE ( ! LAW ( ! #a#g? ( ,MAY1 #a#h#a#i1 ALL[S A WRITT5 DEF5SE1 & ?AT A PR9T] RUNS NO RISK 9 PR9T+ IT4 ,! ATTORNEY-G5]AL FLATLY REFUS$4 ,PR\DHON !N />T$ = ,BELGIUM1 :]E HE PR9T$ HIS DEF5SE1 :I* C\LD NOT1 ( C\RSE1 CROSS ! ,FR5* FRONTI]4 ,?IS MEMOIR IS 5TITL$ TO RANK ) ! BE/ ( ,BEAUM>*AIS'S2 IT IS 5TITL$3 0,JU/ICE PROSECUT$ BY ! ,*UR*2 ,AN ,APPEAL FROM ! ,S5T5CE PASS$ UPON ,P4 ,J4 ,PR\DHON BY ! ,POLICE ,MAGI/RATE ( ! ,SE9E1 ON ! #bD ( ,JUNE1 #a#h#e#h40 ,A V]Y CLOSE DISCUSSION ( ! GR\NDS ( ! JUDGM5T ( ! SIX? *AMB]1 IT WAS AT ! SAME TIME AN EXCELL5T RESUME ( HIS GREAT WORK4 

,ONCE 9 ,BELGIUM1 ,PR\DHON DID NOT FAIL TO REMA9 !RE4 ,9 #a#h#e#i1 AFT] ! G5]AL AMNE/Y :I* FOLL[$ ! ,ITALIAN W>1 HE AT FIR/ ?\<T HIMSELF 9CLUD$ 9 IT4 ,BUT ! IMP]IAL GOV]NM5T1 CONSULT$ BY HIS FRI5DS1 NOTIFI$ HIM ?AT1 9 ITS OP9ION1 & 9 SPITE ( ! CONTR>Y ADVICE ( ,M4 ,FAU/9 ,HELIE1 HIS CONDEMNATION WAS NOT ( A POLITICAL *>ACT]4 ,PR\DHON1 ?US CLASS$ BY ! GOV]NM5T ) ! AU?ORS ( IMMORAL WORKS1 ?\<T IT B5EA? HIS DIGNITY TO PROTE/1 & WAIT$ PATI5TLY = ! ADV5T ( #ahfc TO ALL[ HIM TO RETURN TO ,FRANCE4 

,9 ,BELGIUM1 :]E HE WAS NOT SL[ 9 =M+ NEW FRI5D%IPS1 HE PUBLI%$ 9 #a#h#e#i-#f1 9 SEP>ATE P>TS1 A NEW $ITION ( HIS GREAT WORK ON 0,JU/ICE40 ,EA* NUMB] CONTA9$1 9 ADDITION TO ! ORIG9AL TEXT C>EFULLY REVIEW$ & CORRECT$1 NUM]\S EXPLANATORY NOTES & SOME 0,TID+S ( ! ,REVOLUTION40 ,9 !SE TID+S1 :I* =M A SORT ( REVIEW ( ! PROGRESS ( IDEAS 9 ,EUROPE1 ,PR\DHON SORR[FULLY ASS]TS ?AT1 AFT] HAV+ = A LONG TIME M>*$ AT ! HEAD ( ! PROGRESSIVE NATIONS1 ,FRANCE HAS BECOME1 )\T APPE>+ TO SUSPECT IT1 ! MO/ RETROGRESSIVE ( NATIONS2 & HE CONSID]S H] MORE ?AN ONCE AS S]I\SLY ?REAT5$ ) MORAL DEA?4 

,! ,ITALIAN W> L$ HIM TO WRITE A NEW WORK1 :I* HE PUBLI%$ 9 #a#h#f#a1 5TITL$ 0,W> & ,PEACE40 ,?IS WORK1 9 :I*1 RUNN+ C\NT] TO A MULTITUDE ( IDEAS ACCEPT$ UNTIL !N )\T EXAM9ATION1 HE PRON\NC$ = ! FIR/ TIME AGA9/ ! RE/ORATION ( AN >I/OCRATIC & PRIE/LY ,POL&1 & AGA9/ ! E/ABLI%M5T ( A UNIT>Y GOV]NM5T 9 ,ITALY1 CREAT$ = HIM A MULTITUDE ( 5EMIES4 ,MO/ ( HIS FRI5DS1 DISCONC]T$ BY HIS CATEGORICAL AFFIRMATION ( A RI<T ( =CE1 NOTIFI$ HIM ?AT !Y DECID$LY DISAPPROV$ ( HIS NEW PUBLICATION4 0,Y\ SEE10 TRIUMPHANTLY CRI$ ?OSE :OM HE HAD ALWAYS COMBAT$1 0?IS MAN IS ONLY A SOPHI/40 

,L$ BY HIS PREVI\S /UDIES TO TE/ EV]Y ?+ BY ! QUE/ION ( RI<T1 ,PR\DHON ASKS1 9 HIS 0,W> & ,PEACE10 :E!R !RE IS A REAL RI<T ( :I* W> IS ! V9DICATION1 & VICTORY ! DEMON/RATION4 ,?IS RI<T1 :I* HE R\<LY CALLS ! RI<T ( ! /RONGE/ OR ! RI<T ( =CE1 & :I* IS1 AFT] ALL1 ONLY ! RI<T ( ! MO/ WOR?Y TO ! PREF]5CE 9 C]TA9 DEF9ITE CASES1 EXI/S1 SAYS ,PR\DHON1 9DEP5D5TLY ( W>4 ,IT CANNOT BE LEGITIMATELY V9DICAT$ EXCEPT :]E NECESSITY CLE>LY DEM&S ! SUBORD9ATION ( ONE WILL TO ANO!R1 & )9 ! LIMITS 9 :I* IT EXI/S2 ?AT IS1 )\T EV] 9VOLV+ ! 5SLAVEM5T ( ONE BY ! O!R4 ,AMONG NATIONS1 ! RI<T ( ! MAJORITY1 :I* IS ONLY A COROLL>Y ( ! RI<T ( =CE1 IS AS UNACCEPTABLE AS UNIV]SAL MON>*Y4 ,H5CE1 UNTIL EQUILIBRIUM IS E/ABLI%$ & RECOGNIZ$ BETWE5 ,/ATES OR NATIONAL =CES1 !RE MU/ BE W>4 ,W>1 SAYS ,PR\DHON1 IS NOT ALWAYS NECESS>Y TO DET]M9E :I* SIDE IS ! /RONGE/2 & HE HAS NO TR\BLE 9 PROV+ ?IS BY EXAMPLES DRAWN FROM ! FAMILY1 ! WORK%OP1 & ELSE:]E4 ,PASS+ !N TO ! /UDY ( W>1 HE PROVES ?AT IT BY NO MEANS CORRESPONDS 9 PRACTICE TO ?AT :I* IT \<T TO BE ACCORD+ TO HIS !ORY ( ! RI<T ( =CE4 ,! SY/EMATIC HORRORS ( W> NATURALLY LEAD HIM TO SEEK A CAUSE = IT O!R ?AN ! V9DICATION ( ?IS RI<T2 & !N ONLY DOES ! ECONOMI/ TAKE IT UPON HIMSELF TO D5\NCE ?IS CAUSE TO ?OSE :O1 LIKE HIMSELF1 WANT PEACE4 ,! NECESSITY ( F9D+ ABROAD A COMP5SATION = ! MIS]Y RESULT+ 9 EV]Y NATION FROM ! ABS5CE ( ECONOMICAL EQUILIBRIUM1 IS1 ACCORD+ TO ,PR\DHON1 ! EV] REAL1 ?\< EV] CONCEAL$1 CAUSE ( W>4 ,! PAGES DEVOT$ TO ?IS DEMON/RATION & TO HIS !ORY ( POV]TY1 :I* HE CLE>LY DI/+UI%ES FROM MIS]Y & PAUP]ISM1 %$ 5TIRELY NEW LI<T UPON ! PHILOSOPHY ( HI/ORY4 ,AS = ! AU?OR'S CONCLUSION1 IT IS A V]Y SIMPLE ONE4 ,S9CE ! TREATY ( ,WE/PHALIA1 & ESPECIALLY S9CE ! TREATIES ( #a#h#a#e1 EQUILIBRIUM HAS BE5 ! 9T]NATIONAL LAW ( ,EUROPE4 ,IT REMA9S N[1 NOT TO DE/ROY IT1 BUT1 :ILE MA9TA9+ IT1 TO LABOR PEACEFULLY1 9 EV]Y NATION PROTECT$ BY IT1 = ! EQUILIBRIUM ( ECONOMICAL =CES4 ,! LA/ L9E ( ! BOOK1 EVID5TLY WRITT5 TO *ECK IMP]IAL AMBITION1 IS3 0,HUMANITY WANTS NO MORE W>40 

,9 #a#h#f#a1 AFT] ,G>IBALDI'S EXP$ITION & ! BATTLE ( ,CA/ELFID>DO1 ,PR\DHON IMM$IATELY SAW ?AT ! E/ABLI%M5T ( ,ITALIAN UNITY W\LD BE A SEV]E BL[ TO ,EUROPEAN EQUILIBRIUM4 ,IT WAS *IEFLY 9 ORD] TO MA9TA9 ?IS EQUILIBRIUM ?AT HE PRON\NC$ SO 5]GETICALLY 9 FAVOR ( ,ITALIAN F$]ATION1 EV5 ?\< IT %\LD BE AT FIR/ ONLY A F$]ATION ( MON>*S4 ,9 VA9 WAS IT OBJECT$ ?AT1 9 BE+ E/ABLI%$ BY ,FRANCE1 ,ITALIAN UNITY W\LD BREAK ,EUROPEAN EQUILIBRIUM 9 \R FAVOR4 ,PR\DHON1 APPEAL+ TO HI/ORY1 %[$ ?AT EV]Y ,/ATE :I* BREAKS ! EQUILIBRIUM 9 ITS [N FAVOR ONLY CAUSES ! O!R ,/ATES TO COMB9E AGA9/ IT1 & !REBY DIM9I%ES ITS 9FLU5CE & P[]4 ,HE ADD$ ?AT1 NATIONS BE+ ESS5TIALLY SELFI%1 ,ITALY W\LD NOT FAIL1 :5 OPPORTUNITY (F]$1 TO PLACE H] 9T]E/ ABOVE H] GRATITUDE4 

,TO MA9TA9 ,EUROPEAN EQUILIBRIUM BY DIM9I%+ GREAT ,/ATES & MULTIPLY+ SMALL ONES2 TO UNITE ! LATT] 9 ORGANIZ$ F$]ATIONS1 NOT = ATTACK1 BUT = DEF5SE2 & ) !SE F$]ATIONS1 :I*1 IF !Y W]E NOT REPUBLICAN ALREADY1 W\LD QUICKLY BECOME SO1 TO HOLD 9 *ECK ! GREAT MILIT>Y MON>*IES1 -- SU*1 9 ! BEG9N+ ( #a#h#f#a1 WAS ! POLITICAL PROGRAM ( ,PR\DHON4 

,! OBJECT ( ! F$]ATIONS1 HE SAID1 WILL BE TO GU>ANTEE1 AS F> AS POSSIBLE1 ! B5EFIC5T REIGN ( PEACE2 & !Y WILL HAVE ! FUR!R EFFECT ( SECUR+ 9 EV]Y NATION ! TRIUMPH ( LIB]TY OV] DESPOTISM4 ,:]E ! L>GE/ UNIT>Y ,/ATE IS1 !RE LIB]TY IS 9 ! GREATE/ DANG]2 FUR!R1 IF ?IS ,/ATE BE DEMOCRATIC1 DESPOTISM )\T ! C\NT]POISE ( MAJORITIES IS TO BE FE>$4 ,) ! F$]ATION1 IT IS NOT SO4 ,! UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE ( ! F$]AL ,/ATE IS *ECK$ BY ! UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE ( ! F$]AT$ ,/ATES2 & ! LATT] IS (FSET 9 ITS TURN BY PROP]TY1 ! /RON<OLD ( LIB]TY1 :I* IT T5DS1 NOT TO DE/ROY1 BUT TO BALANCE ) ! 9/ITUTIONS ( MUTUALISM4 

,ALL !SE IDEAS1 & MANY O!RS :I* W]E ONLY H9T$ AT 9 HIS WORK ON 0,W> & ,PEACE10 W]E DEVELOP$ BY ,PR\DHON 9 HIS SUBSEQU5T PUBLICATIONS1 ONE ( :I* HAS = ITS MOTTO1 0,RE=MS ALWAYS1 ,UTOPIAS NEV]40 ,! ?9K] HAD EVID5TLY F9I%$ HIS EVOLUTION4 

,! ,C\NCIL ( ,/ATE ( ! CANTON ( ,VAUD HAV+ (F]$ PRIZES = ESSAYS ON ! QUE/ION ( TAXATION1 PREVI\SLY DISCUSS$ AT A CONGRESS HELD AT ,LAUSANNE1 ,PR\DHON 5T]$ ! RANKS & C>RI$ (F ! FIR/ PRIZE4 ,HIS MEMOIR WAS PUBLI%$ 9 #ahfa UND] ! TITLE ( 0,! ,!ORY ( ,TAXATION40 

,AB\T ! SAME TIME1 HE WROTE AT ,BRUSSELS1 9 0,L',(FICE DE ,PUBLICITE10 SOME REM>KABLE >TICLES ON ! QUE/ION ( LIT]>Y PROP]TY1 :I* WAS DISCUSS$ AT A CONGRESS HELD 9 ,BELGIUM1 ,!SE >TICLES MU/ NOT BE CONF\ND$ ) 0,LIT]>Y ,MAJORATS10 A MORE COMPLETE WORK ON ! SAME SUBJECT1 :I* WAS PUBLI%$ 9 #a#h#f#c1 SOON AFT] HIS RETURN TO ,FRANCE4 

,>BITR>ILY EXCEPT$ FROM ! AMNE/Y 9 #a#h#e#i1 ,PR\DHON WAS P>DON$ TWO YE>S LAT] BY A SPECIAL ACT4 ,HE DID NOT WI% TO TAKE ADVANTAGE ( ?IS FAVOR1 & SEEM$ RESOLV$ TO REMA9 9 ,BELGIUM UNTIL ! #bD ( ,JUNE1 #a#h#f#c1 ! TIME :5 HE WAS TO ACQUIRE ! PRIVILEGE ( PRESCRIPTION1 :5 AN ABSURD & RIDICUL\S RIOT1 EXCIT$ 9 ,BRUSSELS BY AN >TICLE PUBLI%$ BY HIM ON F$]ATION & UNITY 9 ,ITALY1 9DUC$ HIM TO HA/5 HIS RETURN TO ,FRANCE4 ,/ONES W]E ?R[N AGA9/ ! H\SE 9 :I* HE LIV$1 9 ! ,FAUB\RG D',IXELLES4 ,AFT] HAV+ PLAC$ HIS WIFE & DAU<T]S 9 SAFETY AMONG HIS FRI5DS AT ,BRUSSELS1 HE >RIV$ 9 ,P>IS 9 ,SEPTEMB]1 #a#h#f#b1 & PUBLI%$ !RE1 0,F$]ATION & ,ITALIAN ,UNITY10 A PAMPHLET :I* NATURALLY COMM5CES ) ! >TICLE :I* S]V$ AS A PRETEXT = ! RIOT]S 9 ,BRUSSELS4 

,AMONG ! WORKS BEGUN BY ,PR\DHON :ILE 9 ,BELGIUM1 :I* DEA? DID NOT ALL[ HIM TO F9I%1 WE \<T TO M5TION A 0,HI/ORY ( ,POL&10 :I* WILL BE PUBLI%$ LAT]2 &1 0,! ,!ORY ( ,PROP]TY10 :I* APPE>$ 9 #a#h#f#e1 BE=E 0,! ,GOSPELS ,ANNOTAT$10 & AFT] ! VOLUME 5TITL$ 0,! ,PR9CIPLE ( ,>T & ITS ,SOCIAL ,DE/9Y40 

,! PUBLICATIONS ( ,PR\DHON1 9 #a#h#f#c1 W]E3 #a4 0,LIT]>Y ,MAJORATS3 ,AN ,EXAM9ATION ( A ,BILL HAV+ = ITS OBJECT ! ,CREATION ( A ,P]PETUAL ,MONOPOLY = ! ,B5EFIT ( ,AU?ORS1 ,9V5TORS1 & ,>TI/S20 #b4 0,! ,F$]ATIVE ,PR9CIPLE & ! ,NECESSITY ( ,REE/ABLI%+ ! ,REVOLUTION>Y P>TY20 #c4 0,! ,SWORN ,DEMOCRATS & ! ,REFRACTORIES20 #d4 0,:E!R ! ,TREATIES ( #ahae HAVE CEAS$ TO EXI/8 ,ACTS ( ! ,FUTURE ,CONGRESS40 

,! DISEASE :I* WAS DE/9$ TO KILL HIM GREW WORSE & WORSE2 BUT ,PR\DHON LABOR$ CON/ANTLY6 444 ,A S]IES ( >TICLES1 PUBLI%$ 9 #ahfd 9 0,LE ,MESSAG] DE ,P>IS10 HAVE BE5 COLLECT$ 9 A PAMPHLET UND] ! TITLE ( 0,NEW ,OBS]VATIONS ON ,ITALIAN ,UNITY40 ,HE HOP$ TO PUBLI% DUR+ ! SAME YE> HIS WORK ON 0,! ,POLITICAL ,CAPACITY ( ! ,WORK+ ,CLASSES10 BUT WAS UNABLE TO WRITE ! LA/ *APT]444 ,HE GREW WEAK] CONT9UALLY4 ,HIS DOCTOR PRESCRIB$ RE/4 ,9 ! MON? ( ,AUGU/ HE W5T TO ,FRAN*E-,COMTE1 :]E HE SP5T A MON?4 ,HAV+ RETURN$ TO ,P>IS1 HE RESUM$ HIS LABOR ) DIFFICULTY444 ,FROM ! MON? ( ,DECEMB] ONW>DS1 ! HE>T DISEASE MADE RAPID PROGRESS2 ! OPPRESSION BECAME 9SUPPORTABLE1 HIS LEGS W]E SWOLL51 & HE C\LD NOT SLEEP444 

,ON ! #a#i? ( ,JANU>Y1 #a#h#f#e1 HE DI$1 T[>DS TWO O'CLOCK 9 ! MORN+1 9 ! >MS ( HIS WIFE1 HIS SI/]-9-LAW1 & ! FRI5D :O WRITES !SE L9ES444 

,! PUBLICATION ( HIS CORRESPOND5CE1 TO :I* HIS DAU<T] ,CA!R9E IS FAI?FULLY DEVOT$1 WILL T5D1 NO D\BT1 TO 9CREASE HIS REPUTATION AS A ?9K]1 AS A WRIT]1 & AS AN HONE/ MAN4 

,J4 ,A4 ,L,A,N,G,L,O,I,S4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #ahci 3 ,FRONT ,MATT] -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #b#h1 #bag 3 ,FRONT ,MATT] -- ,ADD$4 

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