,:AT IS IT ?AT IS DIFF]5T AB\T ! ,ZAPATI/AS8 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,&REW ,FLOOD 

,TEXT 3 

,! ,E,Z,L,N 7,ZAPATI/A ,NATIONAL ,LIB]ATION ,>MY7 CAME BRIEFLY TO ! WORLDS ATT5TION :5 !Y SEIZ$ SEV]AL T[NS 9 ,*IAPAS ON ,NEW ,YE>S DAY 9 #a#i#i#d4 ,?IS IMAGE ( A NEW >M$ REBEL MOVEM5T 9 ! P]IOD :5 SU* MOVEM5TS W]E MEANT TO HAVE RECOGNIZ$ !IR [N R$UNDANCY WAS />TL+ & DEMON/RAT$ ?AT HI/ORY WAS NOT YET OV]4 

,S9CE !N MO/ ( ! CONT9U$ SUPPORT ! ,ZAPATI/AS HAVE RECEIV$ IS /RONGLY BAS$ ON ! IDEA ?AT ! ,ZAPATI/AS >E DIFF]5T4 ,DIFF]5T NOT JU/ FROM ! NEOLIB]AL WORLD ORD] !Y OPPOSE BUT1 MORE FUNDAM5TALLY1 DIFF]5T FROM ! >M$ REVOLUTION>Y GR\PS ?AT EXI/ & HAVE EXI/$ ELSE:]E 9 ! WORLD4 

,?OSE 9VOLV$ 9T]NATIONALLY 9 ,ZAPATI/A SOLID>ITY WORK >E DRAWN TO IT NOT BECAUSE !Y BELIEVE ,MEXICO IS UNIQUELY REPRESSIVE4 ,!RE >E MANY C\NTRIES ?AT >E F> WORSE1 ,COLUMBIA BE+ ONE OBVI\S EXAMPLE4 ,!Y HOPE !RE IS SOME?+ 9 ! ,ZAPATI/A ME?OD ?AT !Y CAN TAKE HOME TO !IR [N CITY OR REGION4 ,H5CE ! POPUL>ITY ( ! CALL FROM ! ,E,Z,L,N TO 'BE A ,ZAPATI/A :]EV] Y\ >E'4 

,SO AL?\< ! ,ZAPATI/AS REMA9 ISOLAT$ 9 ! JUNGLES & M\NTA9S ( S\? EA/]N ,MEXICO !IR IDEAS HAVE 9FLU5C$ MANY ACTIVI/S ACROSS ! GLOBE4 ,NOT LEA/ 9 ! R\ND ( GLOBAL DAYS ( ACTION AGA9/ CAPITALISM4 ,ONE CALL = !SE PROTE/S ACTUALLY >OSE AT AN 9T]NATIONAL CONF]5CE 9 ,LA ,REALIDAD1 ,*IAPAS 9 #a#i#i#f.<#c#f.> & IS P>T ( ! REASON = ! 'ANTI-CAPITALI/' DEMON/RATIONS ( ,LONDON ,J#a#h ,& ,SEATTLE ,N#c 9 #aiii & ?OSE ?AT FOLL[$ 9 #b 9CLUD+ ,A#a#f ,WA%+TON & ,S#b#f ,PRAGUE4.<#c#g.> 

,ON ! #a ,JAN #aiid WE WOKE FROM \R HANGOV]S TO F9D ?AT A NEW REBEL >MY HAD EM]G$1 SEEM+LY FROM NO:]E1 9 S\!RN ,MEXICO & SEIZ$ A NUMB] ( PROV9ICAL T[NS4 ,?IS >MY1 ! ,E,Z,L,N1 DI/RIBUT$ A PAP] CALL$',! ,MEXICAN ,AWAK5]' .<,EL ,DESP]TADOR ,MEXICANO.>4 ,IT CONTA9$ !IR DECL>ATION ( W>1 A NUMB] ( REVOLUTION>Y LAWS & ORD]S = !IR >MY4 ,!Y SAID !Y W]E FI<T+ = 0WORK1 L&1 %ELT]1 FOOD1 HEAL? C>E1 $UCATION1 9DEP5D5CE1 FRE$OM1 DEMOCRACY1 JU/ICE & PEACE40 

,NO?+ UNUSUAL AB\T !SE DEM&S4 ,9 ! LA/ C\PLE ( HUNDR$ YE>S !RE HAVE BE5 ?\S&S ( ORGANIZATIONS & MOVEM5TS1 >M$ & O!RWISE ?AT C\LD HAVE SUMM>IZ$ !IR PROGRAM 9 A SIMIL> WAY4 ,BUT ! VA/ MAJORITY ( !SE MOVEM5TS SAW ! IMPLEM5TATION ( !IR PROGRAM OCCURR+ :5 !Y TOOK P[] ON BEHALF ( ! PEOPLE4 ,?IS C\LD BE 9 ONE ( TWO =MS1 AN >M$ SEIZURE ( P[] LIKE ! ,OCTOB] REVOLUTION ( #aiag 9 ,RUSSIA OR A DEMOCRATIC ELECTION LIKE ?AT ( #aide :I* RETURN$ ! ,BRITI% LABOR GOV]NM5T4 

,AL?\< !SE TWO MOVEM5TS1 ! ONE 'REVOLUTION>Y' ! O!R 'RE=MI/' >E (T5 PORTRAY$ AS BE+ V]Y DIFF]5T 9 REALITY !Y %>E AN ESS5TIAL FEATURE4 ,! *ANGE !Y PROPOS$ WAS A *ANGE ( POLITICIANS & NOT A *ANGE 9 ! WAY ( DO+ POLITICS4 ,BO? C\LD TALK AB\T MOBILIZ+ ! WORK+ CLASS 9 ! C\RSE ( COM+ TO P[] BUT ONCE 9 P[] !Y MADE SURE !IR P>TY RUL$ ALONE4 ,& 9DE$ BO? %>$ ! COMMON S\RCE ( ! '#bND ,9T]NATIONAL' :I* DIFF]$ FROM ! FIR/ BECAUSE IT *OOSE TO EXCLUDE ?OSE :O OPPOS$ ! TAK+ ( /ATE P[].<#c#e.>4 

,! ',MEXICAN ,AWAK5]' RA!R !N TALK+ ( ! ,E,Z,L,N SEIZ+ P[] AS A NEW REVOLUTION>Y GOV]NM5T \TL9$ ! MILIT>Y OBJECTIVES ( ! RIS+ AS 0,ADVANCE TO ! CAPITAL ( ! C\NTRY1 OV]COM+ ! ,MEXICAN F$]AL >MY1 PROTECT+ 9 \R ADVANCE ! CIVILIAN POPULATION & P]MITT+ ! PEOPLE 9 ! LIB]AT$ >EA ! RI<T TO FREELY & DEMOCRATICALLY ELECT !IR [N ADM9I/RATIVE AU?ORITIES40 

,UNUSUALLY = ANY REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATION !SE LAWS !N DEF9$ A RI<T ( ! PEOPLE TO RESI/ ANY UNJU/ ACTIONS ( ! ,E,Z,L,N4 ,!Y DEF9$ A RI<T ( ! PEOPLE TO3 

0DEM& ?AT ! REVOLUTION>Y >M$ =CES NOT 9T]V5E 9 MATT]S ( CIVIL ORD] OR ! DISPOSITION ( CAPITAL RELAT+ TO AGRICULTURE1 COMM]CE1 F9ANCES1 & 9DU/RY1 AS !SE >E ! EXCLUSIVE DOMA9 ( ! CIVIL AU?ORITIES1 ELECT$ FREELY & DEMOCRATICALLY40 ,& SAID ?AT ! PEOPLE %\LD 0ACQUIRE & POSSESS >MS TO DEF5D !IR P]SONS1 FAMILIES & PROP]TY1 ACCORD+ TO ! LAWS ( DISPOSITION ( CAPITAL ( F>MS1 COMM]CE1 F9ANCE & 9DU/RY1 AGA9/ ! >M$ ATTACKS COMMITT$ BY ! REVOLUTION>Y =CES OR ?OSE ( ! GOV]NM5T40 

,!SE SECTIONS & O!R ?+S DONE & SAID BY ! ,E,Z,L,N AT ! TIME SUGGE/$ ?AT !RE WAS SOME?+ 9 ?IS REBELLION ?AT BROKE :AT HAD BECOME ! /&>D MODEL = REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATION4 ,! TRADITIONAL MODEL WAS = ! REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATION TO MOBILIZE :ATEV] =CES W]E AVAILABLE TO OV]?R[ ! EXI/+ GOV]NM5T & !N TO =M A NEW GOV]NM5T ITSELF4 ,FUNDAM5TAL TO ?IS MODEL1 FROM ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION ( #aiag TO ! ,NIC>GUAN ONE ( #aigi WAS ! 7FLAW$7 ASSUMPTION ?AT ! 9T]E/S ( '! PEOPLE' OR '! WORK]S' W]E ID5TICAL TO ! 9T]E/S ( ! NEW GOV]NM5T4 

,9 ALL CASES ?IS LEAD TO ! SITUATION :]E ! NEW GOV]NM5T US$ ITS MONOPOLY ( >M$ =CE AGA9/ SECTIONS ( ! WORK+ CLASS ?AT DISAGRE$ ) IT4 ,9 ,RUSSIA BY #aiba ?IS HAD LEAD NOT ONLY TO ! DE/RUCTION ( ! FACTORY COMMITTEES & !IR REPLACEM5T ) ONE MAN MANAGEM5T BUT ALSO TO ! CRU%+ ( ALL OPPOSITION ?R\< ! CLOSURE ( 9DIVIDUAL SOVIETS1 ! SUPPRESSION ( /RIKES & ! BANN+1 JAIL+ & EV5 EXECUTION ( MEMB]S ( O!R LEFT ORGANIZATIONS4 

,BE=E #aihi 

,ONCE UPON A TIME LEFT ACTIVI/S C\LD FOOL !MSELVES ?AT ?IS SUPPRESSION ( DEMOCRACY HAD AT LEA/ DELIV]$ A SOCIETY ?AT WAS FAIR] 9 ECONOMIC T]MS & ?AT WAS SOME SORT ( 7P]HAPS FLAW$7 'WORK]S /ATE'4 ,! ,E,Z,L,N EM]G$ 9 A P]IOD :5 SU* ILLUSIONS C\LD NO LONG] BE HELD DUE TO ! OV]?R[AL ( ! MAJORITY ( ! OLD 'COMMUNI/' /ATES4 ,SO !Y F\ND A READY AUDI5CE 9T]NATIONALLY ( ACTIVI/S :O HAD NOT GIV5 UP ON ! PROJECT ( TRANS=M+ SOCIETY BUT SAW ! NE$ = A NEW MODEL = DO+ SO4 

,! MA9 SPOK]SP]SON = ! ,ZAPATI/AS1 SUBCOMM&ANTE ,M>COS1 REF]R$ TO ?IS ATTRACTION 9 #aiie SAY+ 

0444,IT IS P]HAPS = ?IS REASON-! LACK ( 9T]E/ 9 P[]-?AT ! WORD ( ! ,ZAPATI/AS HAS BE5 WELL RECEIV$ 9 O!R C\NTRIES ACROSS ! GLOBE1 ABOVE ALL 9 ,EUROPE4 ,IT HAS NOT JU/ BE5 BECAUSE IT IS NEW OR NOVEL1 BUT RA!R BECAUSE IT IS PROPOS+ ?IS1 :I* IS TO SAY1 TO SEP>ATE ! POLITICAL PROBLEM FROM ! PROBLEM ( TAK+ P[]1 & TAKE IT TO ANO!R T]RA94 

,\R WORK IS GO+ TO 5D1 IF IT 5DS1 9 ! CON/RUCTION ( ?IS SPACE = NEW POLITICAL RELATION%IPS4 ,:AT FOLL[S IS GO+ TO BE A PRODUCT ( ! EF=TS ( O!R PEOPLE1 ) ANO!R WAY ( ?9K+ & ACT+4 ,& !RE WE >E NOT GO+ TO WORK2 9/EAD1 WE W\LD BE A DI/URBANCE4 0.<#a#h.> 

,! COLLAPSE ( ! ,EA/]N ,EUROPEAN 'SOCIALI/ /ATES' 9 #aihi RESULT$ 9 ! RAPID COLLAPSE ( ALL ! LEFT P>TIES ?AT HAD CONSID]$ !SE SOCIETIES AS 'ACTUALLY EXI/+ SOCIALISM'4 ,9 G5]AL ! ONLY ,L59I/ P>TIES ?AT SURVIV$ W]E ! ONES :O HAD ALREADY PUT A MAJOR BREAK BETWE5 !IR POLITICS & !SE SOCIETIES4 ,BUT !Y /ILL HAD A PROBLEM 9 ! FACT ?AT !Y HAD SUPPORT$ ! AU?ORT>IAN POLICIES ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS 9 #a#i#a#h-#b#a ?AT HAD CREAT$ !SE REGIMES4 .<#c#h.> 

,?IS CONTRADICTION MAY BE ! REASON :Y !RE HAD BE5 V]Y LITTLE DISCUSSION ( ! ,ZAPATI/AS BY ! TRADITIONAL LEFT 9 ,IREL& & ELSE:]E UNTIL ! LA/ YE> OR SO4 ,! DISCUSSION HAS ONLY />T$ N[ BECAUSE ( ! REALIZATION ?AT ! 9FLU5CE ( ! ,ZAPATI/AS WAS AT LEA/ P>T ( ! REASON ANTI-AU?ORAT>IAN POLITICS W]E SO POPUL> AMONG ANTI-CAPITALI/ ACTIVI/S4 ,SO N[ WE >E SUBJECT$ TO HALF BAK$ 'ANALYSIS' ?AT 9SI/ ! ,ZAPATI/AS >E ON ! ONE H& ONLY ! LATE/ MANIFE/ION ( ! FOCI TACTICS ( ,*E ,GUIV]A & ON ! O!R ?AT !Y NE$ TO BE TAU<T ?AT ! TRADITIONAL LEFT HAS ! 'REAL' ANSW]S'4 

,?IS ATTITUDE IS NOT UNIQUE TO ,IREL&1 ,M>COS REF]S TO A SIMIL> ATTITUDE ON ! ,MEXICAN LEFT & ELSE:]E 9 A #aiid 9T]VIEW 0444 ,:AT UPSETS ! ,P5TAGON IS ?AT :5 Y\ PUN* ,ZAPATI/A 9TO ! COMPUT]1 NO?+ COMES \T ?AT SAYS1 ,MOSC[1 OR ,HAVANA1 OR ,LIBYA1 ,TRIPOLI1 ,BOSNIA OR ANY O!R GR\P4 ,& ! LEFT1 ACCU/OM$ TO ! SAME WAY ( ?9K+1 SAYS1 ,WELL1 !Y DON'T FIT 9 ANY:]E4 ,IT DOESN'T OCCUR TO !M !RE MI<T BE SOME?+ NEW1 ?AT Y\ HAVE TO RE!ORIZE4 ,& !Y SAY1 ,WELL !N1 !SE POOR PEOPLE DON'T KN[ :AT !Y WANT1 WE NE$ TO HELP !M4444 ,I HAVE SE5 V>I\S MAGAZ9ES4444( ,TROTSKYITES & ,MAOI/S1 ( ALL ( ! OR?ODOX LEFTI/S & ( ! OLD D9OSAURS ?AT SAY1 ,WELL1 ! ,E,L,Z,N IS V]Y GOOD & :AT !Y'VE DONE IS V]Y GOOD & ALL1 BUT !Y LACK A PROGRAM1 SO H]E'S A PROGRAM4 ,!Y LACK A P>TY1 SO H]E'S A P>TY4 ,!Y LACK A LEAD]1 SO H]E'S A LEAD]0 .<#a#e.> 

,M>COS RETURN$ TO ?IS !ME 9 #aiie 9 A LETT] ?AT S\<T TO EXPLA9 :Y ! ,ZAPATI/AS >E DIFF]5T4 

0 ,WE DO NOT WANT O!RS1 MORE OR LESS ( ! RI<T1 C5T] OR LEFT1 TO DECIDE = US4 ,WE WANT TO P>TICIPATE DIRECTLY 9 ! DECISIONS :I* CONC]N US1 TO CONTROL ?OSE :O GOV]N US1 )\T REG>D TO !IR POLITICAL AFFILIATION1 & OBLIGE !M TO 0RULE BY OBEY+04 ,WE DO NOT /RUGGLE TO TAKE P[]1 WE /RUGGLE = DEMOCRACY1 LIB]TY1 & JU/ICE4 ,\R POLITICAL PROPOSAL IS ! MO/ RADICAL 9 ,MEXICO 7P]HAPS 9 ! WORLD1 BUT IT IS /ILL TOO SOON TO SAY74 ,IT IS SO RADICAL ?AT ALL ! TRADITIONAL POLITICAL SPECTRUM 7RI<T1 C5T] LEFT & ?OSE ( ONE OR ! O!R EXTREME7 CRITICIZE US & WALK AWAY FROM \R DELIRIUM4 

,IT IS NOT \R >MS :I* MAKE US RADICAL2 IT IS ! NEW POLITICAL PRACTICE :I* WE PROPOSE & 9 :I* WE >E IMM]S$ ) ?\S&S ( M5 & WOM5 9 ,MEXICO & ! WORLD3 ! CON/RUCTION ( A POLITICAL PRACTICE :I* DOES NOT SEEK ! TAK+ ( P[] BUT ! ORGANIZATION ( SOCIETY4 ,9TELLECTUALS & POLITICAL LEAD]%IP1 ( ALL SIZES1 ( ! ULTR>I<T1 ( ! RI<T1 ! C5T]1 ( ! LEFT & ! ULTRALEFT1 NATIONAL & 9T]NATIONAL CRITICIZE \R PROPOSAL4 ,WE >E SO RADICAL ?AT WE DO NOT FIT 9 ! P>AMET]S ( 0MOD]N POLITICAL SCI5CE04 ,WE >E NOT BRAGG+ 444 WE >E PO9T+ \T ! FACTS4 ,IS !RE ANY?+ MORE RADICAL ?AN TO PROPOSE TO *ANGE ! WORLD8 ,Y\ KN[ ?IS BECAUSE Y\ %>E ?IS DREAM ) US1 & BECAUSE1 ?\< ! TRU? BE REPEAT$1 WE DREAM IT TOGE!R40 .<#b#e.> 

,NOT ! SAME ?+ 

,9 ,MEXICAN T]MS #aiif WAS ! YE> :5 ! ,E,Z,L,N MO/ WI%$ TO EMPHASIZE ?IS DIFF]5CE4 ,A NEW >M$ GR\P CALL$ ! ,E,P,R 7,POPUL> ,REVOLUTION>Y ,>MY7 LAUN*$ ATTACKS ON POLICE /ATIONS 9 SEV]AL ,MEXICAN /ATES1 SAY+ SPECIFICALLY ?AT UNLIKE ! ,ZAPATI/AS !Y WI%$ TO SEIZE /ATE P[]4 ,! ,E,Z,L,N WAS KE5 TO DI/ANCE !MSELVES FROM ! ,E,P,R1 ALL ! MORE SO BECAUSE ! ,E,P,R S\<T TO IMPLY L9KS BETWE5 ! TWO ORGANIZATIONS4 

,9 A ,E,Z,L,N COMMUNIQUE 0TO ! SOLDI]S & COMM&]S ( ! ,POPUL> ,REVOLUTION>Y ,>MY0 ! ,E,Z,L,N WROTE 

0,:AT WE SEEK1 :AT WE NE$ & WANT IS ?AT ALL ?OSE PEOPLE )\T A P>TY & ORGANIZATION MAKE AGREEM5TS AB\T :AT !Y WANT & DO NOT WANT & BECOME ORGANIZ$ 9 ORD] TO A*IEVE IT 7PREF]ABLY ?R\< CIVIL & PEACEFUL MEANS71 NOT TO TAKE P[]1 BUT TO EX]CISE IT4 ,I KN[ Y\ WILL SAY ?IS IS UTOPIAN & UNOR?ODOX1 BUT ?IS IS ! WAY ( ! ,ZAPATI/AS4 ,TOO BAD4 

444IT IS USEFUL TO PO9T \T & REPEAT1 ?AT WE >E DIFF]5T4 ,& ! DIFF]5CE IS NOT :AT Y\ & O!RS HAVE 9SI/$ UPON1 ?AT Y\ DO NOT DIALOGUE ) ! GOV]NM5T1 ?AT Y\ DO /RUGGLE = P[] & ?AT Y\ HAVE NOT DECL>$ W>1 :ILE WE DO DIALOGUE 7ATT5TION2 WE DO ?IS NOT ONLY ) ! GOV]NM5T BUT 9 A MU* L>G] S5SE ) NATIONAL & 9T]NATIONAL CIVIC SOCIETY72 WE DO NOT /RUGGLE = P[] & WE DID DECL>E W> ON ! ,F$]AL ,>MY 7A *ALL5GE !Y WILL NEV] =GIVE US74 ,! DIFF]5CE IS ?AT \R POLITICAL PROPOSALS >E DIAMETRICALLY DIFF]5? & ?IS IS EVID5T 9 ! DISC\RSE & ! PRACTICE ( ! TWO ORGANIZATIONS4 ,?ANKS TO Y\R APPE>ANCE1 N[ MANY PEOPLE CAN UND]/& ?AT :AT MAKES US DIFF]5T FROM EXI/+ POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS >E NOT ! WEAPONS & ! SKI-MASKS1 BUT ! POLITICAL PROPOSALS4 ,WE HAVE C>V$ \T A NEW & RADICAL PA?4 ,IT IS SO NEW & RADICAL ?AT ALL ! POLITICAL CURR5TS HAVE CRITICIZ$ US & LOOK AT US ) BOR$OM1 9CLUD+ Y\RSELVES4 ,WE >E UNCOM=TABLE4 ,TOO BAD1 ?IS IS ! WAY ( ! ,ZAPATI/AS4 

444,Y\ /RUGGLE = P[]4 ,WE /RUGGLE = DEMOCRACY1 LIB]TY & JU/ICE4 ,?IS IS NOT ! SAME ?+4 ,?\< Y\ MAY BE SUCCESSFUL & CONQU] P[]1 WE WILL CONT9UE /RUGGL+ = DEMOCRACY1 LIB]TY & JU/ICE4 ,IT DOES NOT MATT] :O IS 9 P[]1 ! ,ZAPATI/AS >E & HAVE ALWAYS /RUGGLE = DEMOCRACY1 LIB]TY & JU/ICE40 .<#b#f.> 

,ONE REC5T ,L59I/ CRITIQUE ?AT SAID 0,IT IS A CURI\S 'QUALITY' 9 A REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATION ?AT IT DOES NOT SEEK /ATE P[]0 GOES ON TO ASK 0,:AT !N IS ! NATURE ( ! REVOLUTION !Y ADVOCATE804 ,WE >E TOLD 09 ! 5D1 ! ISSUE IS P[]1 ! CONTROL ( SOCIETY BY ! PRODUC]S04 ,?IS H&Y CONFUSION ( A P>TY SEIZ+ P[] ON BEHALF ( ! PRODUC]S ) DIRECT DEMOCRACY LEADS TO ! EXPECT$ CONCLUSION ?AT ! ,ZAPATI/AS 0>E NOT 9 A POSITION TO PROVIDE POLITICAL LEAD]%IP = ! MOVEM5T ?AT HAS CELEBRAT$ !IR EXAMPLE04.<#d#f.> ,?IS P>TICUL> #i1 WORD CRITIQUE F9DS ONLY A C\PLE ( S5T5CES TO M5TION ! /RUCTURES ( DIRECT DEMOCRACY ?AT >GUABLY DEF9E 0! NATURE ( ! REVOLUTION !Y ADVOCATE04 

,O!R LEFT CRITICS1 PO9T+ TO ! FACT ?AT ! REJECTION ( SEIZ+ P[] WAS NOT EXPLICIT 9 ! FIR/ ,ZAPATI/A PAP]1 HAVE SUGGE/$ ?AT ?IS IDEA WAS ONLY LAT] DEVELOP$ TO GA9 9T]NATIONAL SUPPORT4 ,H[EV]1 ,M>COS DID 9 FACT VAGUELY EXPRESS !SE IDEAS 9 AN 9T]VIEW ) ! ,MEXICAN LIB]AL PAP] ',LA ,JORNADA' ON ! FIR/ ( ,JANU>Y4 

0 ,WE HOPE ?AT ! PEOPLE UND]/& ?AT ! CAUSES ?AT HAVE MOV$ US TO DO ?IS >E JU/1 & ?AT ! PA? ?AT WE HAVE *OS5 IS JU/ ONE1 NOT ! ONLY ONE4 ,NOR DO WE ?9K ?AT IT IS ! BE/ ( ALL PA?S4 4444 ,WE DO NOT WANT A DICTATOR%IP ( ANO!R K9D1 NOR ANY?+ \T ( ?IS WORLD1 NOT 9T]NATIONAL ,COMMUNISM & ALL ?AT4 ,WE WANT JU/ICE :]E !RE IS N[ NOT EV5 M9IMUM SUBSI/5CE4 4444 ,WE DO NOT WANT TO MONOPOLIZE ! VANGU>D OR SAY ?AT WE >E ! LI<T1 ! ONLY ALT]NATIVE1 OR /+ILY CLAIM ! QUALIFICATION ( REVOLUTION>Y = ONE OR ANO!R CURR5T4 ,WE SAY1 LOOK AT :AT HAPP5$4 ,?AT IS :AT WE HAD TO DO40.<#a#d.> 

,! ,5C\NT] 

,?IS REJECTION ( ! TRADITIONAL ME?ODS ( ! LEFT IS NOT SIMPLY CONF9$ TO ,MEXICO4 ,9 #aiif ! ,ZAPATI/AS ORGANIZ$ AN 9T]NATIONAL 5C\NT] 9 ,*IAPAS ATT5D$ BY SOME #c1 ACTIVI/S FROM OV] #d C\NTRIES 79CLUD+ ! AU?OR74 ,! ,5C\NT] 5D$ ) ! #bND DECL>ATION ( ,REALITY 7! F9AL V5UE BE+ ! COMMUNITY ( ,LA ,REALIDAD7 :I* ASK$1 :AT NEXT1 :AT IS IT ?AT WE W]E SEEK+ DO TO DO8 

0,A NEW NUMB] 9 ! USELESS 5UM]ATION ( ! NUM]\S 9T]NATIONAL ORD]S8 

,A NEW S*EME ?AT CALMS & ALLEVIATES ! ANGUI% ( A LACK ( RECIPES8 

,A GLOBAL PROGRAM = WORLD REVOLUTION80 

,?IS RHETORICAL REJECTION ( ! ME?ODS ! LEFT HAD US$ TO ORGANIZE 9T]NATIONALY1 P>TICUL>LY 9 ! #bND1 #cRD & #d? 9T]NATIONAL1 WAS FOLL[$ BY A SUGGE/$ ALT]NATIVE3 

0,?AT WE WILL MAKE A COLLECTIVE NETWORK ( ALL \R P>TICUL> /RUGGLES & RESI/ANCE'S4 ,AN 9T]CONT95TAL NETWORK ( RESI/ANCE AGA9/ NEOLIB]ALISM1 AN 9T]CONT95TAL NETWORK ( RESI/ANCE = HUMANITY4 

,?IS 9T]CONT95TAL NETWORK ( RESI/ANCE1 RECOGNIZ+ DIFF]5CES & ACKN[L$G+ SIMIL>ITIES1 WILL SE>* TO F9D ITSELF ) O!R RESI/ANCE'S >\ND ! WORLD4 ,?IS 9T]CONT95TAL NETWORK ( RESI/ANCE WILL BE ! M$IUM 9 :I* DI/9CT RESI/ANCE'S MAY SUPPORT ONE ANO!R4 ,?IS 9T]CONT95TAL NETWORK ( RESI/ANCE IS NOT AN ORGANIZ+ /RUCTURE2 IT DOESN'T HAVE A C5TRAL HEAD OR DECISION MAK]2 IT HAS NO C5TRAL COMM& OR HI]>*IES4 ,WE >E ! NETWORK1 ALL ( US :O RESI/40.<#b#a.> 

,! QUOTATIONS ABOVE CONTA9 ! ESS5CE ( :AT IT IS ?AT MAKES ! ,ZAPATI/AS DIFF]5T4 ,! PURPOSE ( ! ORGANIZATION IS NOT TO SEIZE P[] ON BEHALF ( ! PEOPLE -- RA!R IT IS TO CREATE A SPACE 9 :I* PEOPLE CAN DEF9E !IR [N P[]4 ,?IS IS A RADICALLY DIFF]5T PROJECT FROM :AT REVOLUTION>Y POLITICS HAVE BE5 9 ! TW5TIE? C5TURY4 ,9 ! AFT]MA? ( ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION1 ,L59ISM1 ! IDEA ?AT ! P>TY MU/ RULE ON BEHALF ( ! PEOPLE1 BECAME ! COMMON CORE ( ALMO/ ALL REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS4 ,CONTRA/1 = EXAMPLE1 ! ,ZAPATI/A APPROA* ) ,TROTSKY'S SPEE* TO ! #aiba ,BOL%EVIK P>TY CONGRESS ATTACK+ ONE FACTION HE SAID HAD 0PLAC$ ! WORK]S RI<T TO ELECT REPRES5TATIVES ABOVE ! P>TY4 ,AS IF ! P>TY W]E NOT 5TITL$ TO ASS]T ITS DICTATOR%IP EV5 IF ?AT DICTATOR%IP TEMPOR>ILY CLA%$ ) ! PASS+ MOODS ( ! WORK]S DEMOCRACY0 

,P9* ( SALT 

,ON ?IS IDEOLOGICAL LEVEL WE CAN SEE :AT SEP]ATES ! ,ZAPATI/AS FROM MO/ ( ! LEFT4 ,BUT ANYONE :O HAS BE5 A MEMB] ( A LEFT ORGANIZATION WILL KN[ !RE CAN BE A %>P DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! EXT]NAL RHETORIC ( WORK]S DEMOCRACY & & AN 9T]NAL REALITY :]E REAL DISCUSSION IS SUPPRESS$1 9/RUCTIONS COME FROM ! TOP D[N & ME*ANISMS EXI/ ?AT 9SURE ! SAME SMALL CLIQUE RUNS ! ORGANIZATION = DECADE AFT] DECADE4 ,DO SIMIL> PROBLEMS EXI/ ) ! ,ZAPATI/AS8 

,?IS IS A MORE DIFFICULT PROBLEM TO ANSW]4 ,IT IS NO USE SIMPLY QUOT+ ,M>COS OR ANY O!R PROM95T ,ZAPATI/A AS !Y MAY SIMPLY BE TELL+ US :AT !Y RECKON WE'D LIKE TO HE>4 ,! ONGO+ ,L[ ,9T5SITY ,W> MEANS ?AT IT CAN BE V]Y DIFFICULT TO ASK QUE/IONS 7P>TICUL>LY 9 RELATION TO ! MILIT>Y SIDE ( ! ORGANIZATION7 NEV] M9D GET ACCURATE ANSW]S4 ,?IS HAS L$ SOME LEFT CRITICS TO CLAIM ?AT VISITS TO ! REBEL ZONE >E CONTROLL$ SO ?AT 0,ON A WELL-SIGN$ R\TE1 PEOPLE HAVE TO AGREE TO SEE ONLY :AT !Y HAVE TO SEE & TO BELIEVE 9 ! LEAD]'S WORDS0.<#d.>4 

,9DE$1 !RE CAN BE A PO9T TO SU* CRITIQUES4 ,LEFT P>TIES1 P>TICUL>LY 9 P[]1 HAVE BE5 EXP]TS AT >RANG+ C>EFULLY CONTROLL$ TRIPS TO MODEL COMMUNITIES & WORKPLACES :]E 9T]NATIONAL VISITORS COME 9TO CONTACT ONLY ) C>EFULLY COA*$ P>TY MEMB]S4 ,MU* ( ! DISCUSSION >\ND ! ,ZAPATI/AS HAS FOCUS$ ON !IR COMMUNIQUES & ESS5TIALLY DIVIDES 9TO TWO CAMPS1 ONE ?AT SEES !M (F]+ A NEW MODEL ( REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATION1 ! O!R ?AT CRITICIZES !M ON ! BASIS ( PROBLEMS ) !IR POLITICAL PROGRAM4 ,LITTLE HAS BE5 WRITT5 AB\T DAY-TO-DAY LIFE 9 ! REBEL >EA4 

,ONE ( ! IMM$IATE GA9S ( ! ,ZAPATI/A RIS+ WAS ! CREATION ( A P>TIALLY LIB]AT$ ZONE ( ?\S&S ( SQU>E KILOMET]S4,)9 ?IS ZONE ?\S&S ( ,ZAPATI/A COMMUNITIES HAVE C>RI$ \T A LONG RUNN+ EXP]IM5T 9 SELF-MANGAGEM5T4 ,SOMETIMES ?IS HAS BE5 ON L& !Y HAVE OCCUPI$ S9CE ! RIS+ BUT MORE (T5 IT IS ON NEW L& CLE>$ FROM ! ,LACANODON JUNGLE 9 ! DECADES BE=E #a#i#i#d4 

,I DON'T WANT TO OV] /ATE ! LIB]AT$ NATURE ( ?IS >EA4 ,= ONE YE> TO ,FEBRU>Y #aiie IT WAS UND] ! MORE OR LESS UNCONTE/$ CONTROL ( ! ,ZAPATI/AS4 ,!N ! >MY LAUN*$ AN (F5SIVE :I* WAS HALT$ ONLY BY MASSIVE DEMON/RATIONS 9 ,MEXICO CITY4 ,! YE>S S9CE HAVE SE5 A ,L[ ,9T5SITY ,W> :]E UP TO #g1 SOLDI]S HAVE BE5 9/ALL$ 9 >MY BASES ?R\<\T ! ,ZAPATI/A >EA & DOZ5S ( P>AMILIT>Y GR\PS HAVE BE5 >M$ & 5C\RAG$ TO ATTACK ,ZAPATI/A COMMUNITIES4 ,9 ADDITION1 ! SELECTIVE DI/RIBUTION ( GOV]NM5T AID & RELIGI\S SECT>IANISM HAVE BO? BE5 US$ TO DIVIDE 9DIVIDUAL COMMUNITIES & >EAS 9TO PRO & ANTI GOV]NM5T GR\PS4 

,! IMPORTANCE ( ?IS >EA IS NOT ?AT IT CAN =M SOME SORT ( P]MAN5T ISOLAT$ ALT]NATIVE4 ,EV5 IF ?IS WAS :AT ! ,ZAPATI/AS WANT$ !RE W\LD BE NO WAY !Y C\LD DEFEAT ! F> L>G] & BETT] EQUIPP$ ,MEXICAN >MY 7& IF !Y DID ! ,U,S W\LD 9T]V5E74 ,! IMPORTANCE ( ?IS ZONE IS ?AT IT PROVIDES A SPACE 9 :I* ! ME?ODS ADVOCAT$ BY ! ,ZAPATI/AS >E BE+ PUT 9TO PRACTICE4 ,?IS IS 9 ! MO/ DIFFICULT CIRCUM/ANCES1 = EV5 )\T ! >MY & P>AMILIT>Y PRES5CE1 ! EXTREME POV]TY1 LACK ( $UCATION & 9FRA/RUCTURE W\LD PRES5T =MIDABLE B>RI]S4 

,DIFFICULT CONDITIONS 

,! >EAS ! ,ZAPATI/AS OP5LY ORGANIZE 9 >E RURAL & EXTREMELY POOR4 ,SMALL COMMUNITIES ( A DOZ5 TO OV] #a FAMILIES >E TYPICAL1 =C$ TO LIVE (F ! L& )\T ! B5EFIT ( MOD]N AGRICULTURAL MA*9]Y4 ,SOME ( ! M5 WILL HAVE WORK$ \TSIDE ! VILLAGE 9 LOCAL T[NS OR EV5 AS F> AS ! ,U,S,A BUT 9 ! VILLAGES !MSELVES ! ONLY POLITICAL PRES5CE T5DS TO COME FROM ! ,CA?OLIC *UR*'S LOCAL V>IETY ( 'LIB]ATION !OLOGY'1 ! ,E,Z,L,N ITSELF & A V>IETY ( CAMPES9O ORGANIZATIONS4 

,PRIOR TO ! REBELLION MANY COMMUNITIES DID NOT HAVE SUFFICI5T F]TILE L& TO PRODUCE 5\< FOOD4 ,TYPICALLY RAN*]S 7:O BOA/$ !Y W]E ( PURE ',SPANI% BLOOD'7 HAD SEIZ$ ! F]TILE L& AT ! BOTTOM ( ! CANYONS LEAV+ ! LESS F]TILE M\NTA9SIDE TO ! 9DIG5\S PEOPLE4 ,AS WELL AS GETT+ ! MO/ F]TILE L& ?IS ALSO EFFECTIVELY =C$ ! LOCAL 9DIG5\S PEOPLE TO WORK = !M1 VIRTUALLY AS S]FS4 ,/ORIES ( PHYSICAL PUNI%M5T ( ?OSE !Y CONSID]$ NOT TO BE WORK+ H>D 5\< & ASSASS9ATIONS ( ?OSE :O S\<T TO ORGANIZE AGA9/ !M W]E ALL TOO COMMON4 ,) ! REBELLION ! L&[N]S FL$ & 9 MANY CASES !IR AB&ON$ L& WAS TAK5 OV] & SOMETIMES US$ TO E/ABLI% NEW COMMUNITIES4 

,! ONGO+ ,L[ ,9T5SITY ,W> MAKES ACCURATE GR\ND REPORTS DIFFICULT4 ,= ! LA/ FEW YE>S ! GOV]NM5T HAS RUN A PROGRAM ( ROADBLOCKS & OBS]V] DEPORTATION DESIGN$ TO HIDE !SE COMMUNITIES FROM ! WORLD'S EYE4 ,! W> ALSO MEANS ORD9>Y PEOPLE >E DEEPLY SUSPIC\S ( \TSID]S 9 G5]AL1 & >E P>TICUL>LY W>Y ( TALL1 :ITE & COMP>ATIVELY WEAL?Y ,N4 ,AM]ICAN OR ,EUROPEAN OBS]V]S :O LOOK F> MORE LIKE ! TRADITIONAL 5EMY !N ANY SORT ( ALLY4 ,H[EV]1 ?\S&S ( PEOPLE FROM \TSIDE ,*IAPAS HAVE LIV$ 9 ,ZAPATI/A COMMUNITIES AS PEACE OBS]V]S OR WORK$ ) COMMUNITIES ON SOLID>ITY PROJECTS LIKE ! CON/RUCTION ( WAT] PIPE L9ES4 

,DIES DE ,ABRIL 

,MANY OBS]V]S HAVE BE5 ABLE TO =M A REAL IDEA ( H[ ,ZAPATI/A COMMUNITIES FUNCTION4 ,! ,IRI% ,MEXICO ,GR\P MA9TA9$ A PEACE CAMP 9 ONE COMMUNITY1 ,DIEZ DE ,ABRIL FROM ! />T ( #aiig TO E>LY #b 7& /ILL OCCASIONALLY VISITS7.<#b.>4 ,OV] !SE ?REE YE>S AT LEA/ #b ( PEOPLE PEOPLE VISIT$ ,DIEZ 79CLUD+ ! AU?OR 9 ,SEPTEMB] '#i#g74 ,! CORE PRES5CE WAS MA9TA9$ BY ?REE OR F\R PEOPLE1 EA* ( :OM SP5T MON?S 9 ! COMMUNITY DUR+ !SE YE>S & DEVELOP$ FRI5D%IPS ) PEOPLE LIV+ !RE4 

,DIEZ DE ,ABRIL IS SITUAT$ BETWE5 ! T[NS ( ,ALTAMIRANO & ,COMITAN 9 ! HI<L&S ( ,*IAPAS4 ,AB\T #a FAMILIES LIV$ !RE 9 #a#i#i#g4 #h.0 ( ! PEOPLE >E ,TZELTAL1 ! O!R #b.0 >E ,TOJOLOBAL4 ,L+UI/S E/IMATE !SE LANGUAGES DIV]G$ OV] #c1 YE>S AGO.<#b#g.>1 SO DISCUSSION 9 ! COMMUNITY REQUIRES TRANSLATION FROM ONE LANGUAGE 9TO ANO!R OR MORE COMMONLY ?R\< ! USE ( ,SPANI%4 ,H[EV]1 :ILE MO/ ( ! M5 SPEAK SOME ,SPANI% ONLY #a_/#c ( ! WOM5 DO & V]Y FEW >E FLU5T4 ,AS ELSE:]E 9 ,*IAPAS1 LIV+ CONDITIONS >E DIFFICULT DUE TO POV]TY1 POOR $UCATION 7TYPICALLY ONLY ONE YE> ( =MAL $UCATION71 A LOT ( ILL HEAL? & A HI< DEA? RATE 7P>TICUL>LY ( *ILDR5 & OLD PEOPLE74 ,!RE IS NO SANITATION 9 ! COMMUNITY1 EXCEPT ! LATR9ES !Y CON/RUCT$ !MSELVES1 NO ACCESS TO CLEAN WAT] & ONLY A S+LE 'UN(FICAL' ELECTRICITY CABLE4 

,! RAN* ,DIEZ IS ON WAS OCCUPI$ ON #a? ,APRIL1 #a#i#i#e4 ,?OSE :O MOV$ ONTO ! L& HAD WORK$ = ! RAN*] BE=E ! REBELLION 9 ATROCI\S CONDITIONS4 ,9 ! MON?S BE=E ! TAKEOV] !Y MET 9 ASSEMBLY ON ! L& TO DECIDE H[ TO DIVIDE UP ! L&4 ,ONE DECISION WAS ! NAME ( ! NEW COMMUNITY ',DIEZ DE ,ABRIL'1 AFT] ! DAY 7#a? ,APRIL #a#i#a#i7 :5 ,ZAPATA WAS ASSASS9AT$4 ,AS A COMMUNITY DELEGATE EXPLA9$ 

0WE HAD TO MOVE ONTO ! RAN*]S' L& BECAUSE WE W]E LIV+ LIKE ANIMALS 9 ! HILLS4 ,! L& !RE WAS V]Y BAD1 & DIFFICULT TO H>VE/4444,! MAJORITY ( ! COMMUNITY VOT$ TO CALL ! VILLAGE ,DIEZ ,DE ,ABRIL4 ,!Y *OSE ?AT NAME BECAUSE IT HONOR$ ,ZAPATA :O WAS KILL$ ON ?AT DATE4 ,HE WAS A COMPAN]O1 FI<T+ AGA9/ ! GOV]NM5T40 

0,WE US$ TO MEET :]E ! *UR* IS N[1 & !RE DECID$ :]E TO PUT ! H\SES1 & TO GIVE A H\SE TO ! 9T]NATIONAL OBS]V]S4 ,WE MEASUR$ ! L& & DIVID$ IT UP AMONG ! PEOPLE4 ,EA* FAMILY HAS A PLOT ( L& ( !IR [N & !N !RE >E ALSO COLLECTIVE .<PLOTS.>40.<#c#h.> 

,! *UR* 9 ,DIEZ IS ! MA9 ASSEMBLY PO9T = ! COMMUNITY4 ,ALL ! PEOPLE ( ! COMMUNITY MEET !RE ONCE A WEEK -- AFT] MASS ON ,SUNDAY MORN+4 ,!SE VILLAGE ASSEMBLIES1 AT :I* EV]YONE MAY SPEAK & EV]YONE OV] #ab HAS A VOTE 7AL?\< VOTES >E V]Y R>E1 MO/ DECISIONS BE+ MADE BY CONS5SUS71 DECIDE ALL QUE/IONS ?AT FACE ! COMMUNITY1 FROM :E!R TO BUY A LORRY OR A TRACTOR TO H[ ! REPAIR ( ! F5CES OR ! BRIDGE WILL BE DONE4 

,SOMETIMES IT IS NECESS>Y = MORE !N ONE ASSEMBLY 9 A WEEK1 P>TICUL>LY AT TIMES ( HI< T5SION4 ,9 ADDITION !RE >E SEV]AL SUB-ASSEMBLIES ( ! PEOPLE ?AT WORK ON P>TICUL> PROJECTS 9 ! COMMUNITY4 ,TWO EXAMPLES >E ! CATTLE COLLECTIVE & ! SEW+ COLLECTIVE4 ,EA* COLLECTIVE HAS A CO-ORD9ATOR1 A SECRET>Y & A TREASUR]4 ,! CO-ORD9ATOR IS *ANG$ AT LEA/ ONCE A YE>4 

,! MA9 ASSEMBLY MAY ALSO APPO9T DELEGATES TO CO-ORD9ATE P>TICUL> TASKS4 ,!SE DELEGATES =M A C\NCIL ?AT MEET BETWE5 ASSEMBLIES & ORGANIZE ! DAY-TO-DAY WORK4 ,!SE 'RESPONSIBLES' CO-ORD9ATE WORK 9 P>TICUL> >EAS4 ,!Y S]VE A LIMIT$ T]M 7ONE TO TWO YE>S7 & >E SUBJECT TO RE-CALL )9 ?IS TIME IF IT'S FELT !Y >E NOT 'LEAD+ BY OBEY+' 7! ,ZAPATI/A SLOGAN = FOLL[+ ! M&ATE GIV5 TO !M74 

,! COLLECTIVES ?AT C>RY \T P>TICUL> TASKS >E SET UP BY & ANSW]ABLE TO ! ASSEMBLY BUT >E O!RWISE AUTONOM\S4 ,COLLECTIVES 9 ,DIEZ 9CLUDE ONES = C(FEE1 CATTLE1 HONEY1 HORTICULTURE1 BAK+1 SEW+ & *ICK5 RE>+4 ,SOME ( ! PRODUCTION ( EA* COLLECTIVE GOES TO ITS MEMB]S2 ! SURPLUS GOES 9TO A C5TRAL COMMUNITY FUND CONTROLL$ BY ! ASSEMBLY4 

,V]Y OCCASIONALLY ! ,ASSEMBLY /RUCTURE IS M5TION$ 9 ,E,Z,L,N COMMUNIQUES4 ,= 9/ANCE 9 ,JAN #b ! COMMUNITY ( ,NICOLAS ,RUIZ WAS 9 DISPUTE ) A COMPANY BUILD+ A W>EH\SE ON ITS L&1 ! COMMUNIQUE !Y RELEAS$ READ 9 P>T3 

0,ON V>I\S OCCASIONS1 WE HAVE LET ,5G9E] ,5RIQUE ,CULEBRO ,SILES1 ,/ATE ,DELEGATE ( ,F,I,D,E,L,I,C1 KN[ ?AT 9 \R COMMUNITY !RE IS A DECISION-MAK+ /RUCTURE 9 PLACE1 :OSE HI<E/ AU?ORITY RESIDES 9 ! ,ASSEMBLY1 & IT IS ONLY BY CONS5SUS ( ?IS ASSEMBLY DO WE TAKE ACTION ON ANY GIV5 ISSUE4 ,9 ?IS CASE1 WE HAVE LET HIM KN[ ?AT ! ,ASSEMBLY HAS NOT DISCUSS$ OR MADE A DECISION ON ! E/ABLI%M5T ( A W>EH\SE BY ! COMPANY HE REPRES5TS4 ,?US1 SETT+ UP A %$ TO BUY CORN 9 ! COMMUNITY IS IRRESPONSIBLE & %[S A LACK ( RESPECT = \R AU?ORITIES1 S9CE !RE HAS BE5 NO AGREEM5T ON ! MATT]40 .<#a#c.> 

,:5 SEV]AL HUNDR$ SOLDI]S APPROA*$ ! COMMUNITY ( ,MORELIA ON ,JANU>Y #h? #aiih !Y W]E DRIV5 (F BY ! WOM5 ( ?AT COMMUNITY4 ,ROSELIA1 0A MIDDLE-AG$ WOM5 FROM ,MORELIA0 EXPLA9$3 

0,WE HELD A MEET+ & DECID$ ?AT WE W]E GO+ TO ?R[ \T ! >MY IF !Y CAME1 444 WE HAVE DECID$ ?AT WE >E GO+ TO DEF5D \R COMMUNITIES1 444 ,WE WANT EV]Y?+ = ! PUEBLO & NOT JU/ = A FEW PEOPLE OR = ONE COMMUNITY10.<#i.> 

,ACTIVI/S :O HAVE VISIT$ O!R COMMUNITES REPORT A SIMIL> DECISION MAK+ ME*ANISM1 7SEE BOX OPPOSITE74 ,!RE IS A LOT ( V>IATION FROM COMMUNITY TO COMMUNITY BUT ! BASIC MODEL ( ! ASSEMBLY REMA9S ! SAME1 ITS ORIG9S LIE 9 9DIG5\S TRADITION1 A TRADITION COMMON TO MANY O!R 9DIG5\S GR\PS ?R\<\T ! ,AM]ICA'S4 

,SOME PROBLEMS 

,!RE >E PROBLEMS ) ! TRADITIONAL 9DIG5\S /RUCTURE1 ESPECIALLY ! FACT ?AT TRADITIONALLY WOM5 HAD NO VOICE EXCEPT 9 SOME CASES :]E WID[S W]E ALL[$ TO SPEAK 7BECAUSE !Y HAD BECOME RESPONSIBLE = FAMILY L&74 ,ANO!R PROBLEM WAS ?AT ! ASSEMBLIES W]E (T5 CONTROLL$ BY A GR\P ( 'ELD]S' RA!R !N RECALLABLE DELEGATES4 ,9 ! PA/ ! ,SPANI% 9VAD]S & LAT] ! L&LORDS W]E ABLE TO MAKE USE ( ?IS BY BUY+ 9DIVIDUALS (F AS P>T ( ! CACIQUE SY/EM4 

,! ASSEMBLIES 9 ! ,ZAPATI/A >EA >E /RUGGL+ AGA9/ !SE ELEM5TS4 ,WOM5 N[ HAVE ! RI<T TO SPEAK & VOTE -- AL?\< :AT EXT5T !Y ACTUALLY DO SO V>IES FROM COMMUNITY TO COMMUNITY4 ,9 ,DIEZ ! ELD]S N[ ONLY HAVE AUTOMATIC P[] 9 QUE/IONS ( TRADITION4 ,9 #aiig !Y W]E RESI/+ A DEM& FROM ! Y\NG] PEOPLE ?AT ! SY/EM ( PAY+ D[RYS AS P>T ( M>RIAGE %\LD BE ABOLI%$4 

,?IS DESCRIPTION ( H[ ! ,ZAPATI/A MAKE DECISIONS ON ! BASIS ( A S+LE COMMUNITY CONFIRMS ! REALITY BEH9D ! 'DECISION MAK+ FROM BEL[' LANGUAGE ( ! 9T]VIEWS & COMMUNIQUES4 ,BUT IT IS OBVI\S ?AT SU* A /RUCTURE CANNOT EASILY BE SCAL$ UP TO ACCOMMODATE MORE PEOPLE & L>G] GEOGRAPHICAL >EAS4 ,AN ASSEMBLY ( #a1 OR #a1 PEOPLE C\LD NOT BE A GOOD DECISION MAK+ ME*ANISM BECAUSE V]Y FEW PEOPLE CAN SPEAK AT SU* A GA!R+4 ,& ( C\RSE WE DON'T WANT TO SP5D \R :OLE LIVES AT 7OR GETT+ TO7 SU* MEET+S4 

,?IS HAS L$ SOME TO CONCLUDE ?AT ! DECISION MAK+ /RUCTURES US$ 9 ! SMALL VILLAGES ( ,*IAPAS HAVE LITTLE RELEVANCE = ?OSE ( US 9 L>GE CITIES4 7,A DISCUSSION ?AT AS WE %ALL SEE IS ALSO TAK+ PLACE )9 ! ,ZAPATI/S74 ,BUT EV5 9 ,*IAPAS DECISIONS HAVE TO BE MADE ?AT AFFECT T5S & EV5 HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( PEOPLE4 ,ONE ( ! /R5G?S ( ! ,ZAPATI/A MOVEM5T IS ?AT HAVE A ME?OD = MAK+ SU* DECISIONS ?AT PRES]VES ! RI<T ( ORD9>Y PEOPLE TO DECIDE :AT DECISIONS >E MADE 7& NOT AS 9 \R 'DEMOCRACY' M]ELY :O GETS TO MAKE !M47 

,! ME?OD ! ,ZAPATI/AS USE IS A V>IATION ( 'DELEGATE DEMOCRACY'1 A ME?OD ?AT IS US$ 9 MANY C\NTRIES AT ! BASE ( TRADE UNIONS & /UD5T UNIONS4 ,AN 9DIVIDUAL IS ELECT$ FROM AMONG ?OSE !Y NORMALLY WORK ) 7EG A %OP /EW>D OR CLASS REP74 ,RA!R ?AN BE+ !N ALL[$ C>TE BLAN*E TO DECIDE :AT !Y LIKE !Y >E GIV5 A CLE> M&ATE TO REPRES5T ! VIEWS ( ! GR\P ?AT SELECT$ !M TO REGIONAL MEET+S ( DELEGATES4 ,SU* SY/EMS ALSO CONTA9 O!R ME*ANISMS TO LIMIT ! P[] DELEGATES CAN 9=MALLY ACCRUE LIKE 

LIMIT+ ! L5G? ( TIME ANY ONE P]SON CAN REPRES5T A GR\P 

9SI/+ ?AT !Y /ILL C>RY \T AT LEA/ SOME ( !IR NORMAL WORK 

5SUR+ ?AT !Y REPORT BACK H[ !Y VOT$ & :AT DECISIONS W]E MADE TO ! GR\P ?AT DELEGAT$ !M4 

,IF !Y FAIL TO DO SO !N ! GR\P CAN IMM$IATELY RE-CALL !M & SELECT SOMEONE ELSE4 

,! ,ZAPATI/A DECISION MAK+ /RUCTURE BROADLY FUNCTIONS ALONG !SE L9ES4 ,?IS MAKES IT ONE :]E ALL LEVELS ( ! ORGANIZATION FROM ! TOP D[N >E ANSW]ABLE TO ! ORD9>Y PEOPLE AT ! BASE4 ,! ,ZAPATI/A COMMUNITIES =M AN ORGANIZATIONAL & DECISION MAK+ NETWORK 9VOLV+ HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( PEOPLE4 ,!RE >E #c#h.<#d#e.> REBEL MUNICIPALITIES1 EA* ONE ) FROM #e TO OV] #a 9DIVIDUAL COMMUNITIES4 

,MILIT>Y COMM& 

,! ,ZAPATI/A MILIT>Y /RUCTURE IS NOT H[EV] 9T]NALLY DEMOCRATIC4 ,RA!R IT IS ORGANIZ$ AS A CONV5TIONAL >MY ) (FIC]S APP>5TLY APPO9T$ FROM ! TOP D[N4 ,SOME W\LD >GUE ?AT 9 A W> SITUATION A DEMOCRATIC /RUCTURE IS NOT POSSIBLE4 ,I W\LD PO9T TO ! ,MAKHNOVI/A ( ! ,RUSSIAN CIVIL W> & ! AN>*I/ MILITIA ( ! ,SPANI% ,CIVIL ,W> AS HI/ORICAL DEMON/RATIONS ?AT MILIT>Y SY/EMS :]E ! RANK & FILE SELECT DELEGATES TO ACT AS (FIC]S >E FEASIBLE4 .<#d.> ,?IS ( C\RSE IS NOT SIMPLY A DEBATE AB\T MILIT>Y TACTICS -- 9 ANY SITUATION :]E ! PEOPLE DO NOT DIRECTLY CONTROL ! >MY !RE IS A REAL DANG] ( ! >MY BE+ US$ AGA9/ ! PEOPLE4 

,AL?\< ! 9T]NAL /RUCTURE ( ! ,E,Z,L,N IS NOT DEMOCRATIC OV]ALL COMM& ( ! >MY IS4 ,?AT IS1 UNLIKE ALMO/ ALL O!R REBEL >MIES1 ! COMM& ( ! >MY DOES NOT 5D 9 ITS [N MILIT>Y COMM& BUT RA!R 9 ! H&S ( ?OSE AT ! BASE :OM IT CLAIMS TO REPRES5T4 ,!RE >E A NUMB] ( EXT5SIVE 9T]VIEWS ) SUBCOMM&ANTE ,M>COS1 9 :I* HE DESCRIBES H[ ?IS DECISION-MAK+ /RUCTURE EVOLV$.<#a.>4 ,9 ESS5CE1 AS ! ,E,Z,L,N EVOLV$ FROM A FEW /UD5TS :O HAD GONE 9TO ! M\NTA9S ) ! AU?ORAT>IAN PROJECT ( LEAD+ ! PEOPLE TO LIB]ATION 9TO AN >MY ( ! PEOPLE1 IT WAS =C$ TO ACCEPT ?AT ! PEOPLE & NOT ! >MY COMM& %\LD HAVE ! F9AL SAY4 

,! ,C,C,R,I 

,! ',CL&E/9E ,REVOLUTION>Y ,9DIG5\S ,COMMITTEE' 7,C,C,R,I7 IS ! BODY ?AT COMM&S ! >MY4 ,?IS BODY 7OR 9DE$ BODIES AS !RE >E ALSO REGIONAL ,C,C,R,I'S7 IS COMPOS$ ( DELEGATES FROM ! COMMUNITIES4 ,IT IS NOT 9 ITSELF A MILIT>Y /RUCTURE AL?\< IT APPE>S TO 9CLUDE P]MAN5T MILIT>Y REPRES5TATIVES LIKE ,TA*O4 

,IMPORTANT ,ZAPATI/A POLICY COMMUNIQUES >E ALWAYS SIGN$ BY ! ,C,C,R,I & >E NORMALLY WRITT5 9 A /YLE ?AT C>RIES ! HALLM>KS ( A DOCUM5T SUBJECT TO DISCUSSION & DEBATE BY A L>GE NUMB] ( PEOPLE 7EG COMPRIS$ ( A LI/ ( NUMB]$ PO9TS74 ,AS WELL AS BE+ 9 CONTROL ( ! >MY & ISSU+ COMMUNIQUES ! ,C,C,R,I IS ALSO A /RUCTURE = MAK+ DAY TO DAY DECISIONS ?AT AFFECT ! 5TIRE REGION4 

,:5 ONE COMMUNITY 9 ! REGION ( ,MORELIA WANT$ TO OCCUPY L& %ORTLY AFT] ! REBELLION 0! LOCAL ,CL&E/9E ,REVOLUTION>Y ,9DIG5\S ,COMMITTEE1 7,C,C,R,I7 ORD]$ LOCALS TO WAIT1 EXPECT+ A REGION-WIDE L& SETTLEM5T AFT] ! #aiid DIALOGUE0.<#e.>4 ,9 ?IS SORT ( SITUATION IT IS OBVI\SLY VITAL ?AT ! ,C,C,R,I REALLY REPRES5TS ! COLLECTIVE DECISION MAK+ ( ! COMMUNITIES & IS NOT SIMPLY A LEAD]%IP KEEP+ CONTROL ( ! BASE ( ! MOVEM5T4 ,9 ?IS CASE ITS JUDGM5T WAS WRONG & WAS *ANG$ BY LATE #aiid ALL[+ L& SEIZURES1 9CLUD+ ?AT AT ,DIEZ1 TO GO AHEAD4 

,A MON? AFT] ! RIS+ ',LA ,JORNADA' 9T]VIEW$ SOME MEMB]S ( ! ,C,C,R,I4 ,ONE ( !M1 ,ISACC1 EXPLA9$ ! ACC\NTABILITY ( ! ,C,C,R,I AS FOLL[S2 

0,IF ! PEOPLE SAY ?AT A COMPAN]O :O IS A MEMB] ( ! ,C,C,R,I IS NOT DO+ ANY?+1 ?AT WE >E NOT RESPECT+ ! PEOPLE OR >E NOT DO+ :AT ! PEOPLE SAY1 !N ! PEOPLE SAY ?AT !Y WANT TO REMOVE US 444 

,9 ?AT WAY1 IF SOME MEMB] ( ! ,C,C,R,I DOES NOT DO !IR WORK1 IF !Y DO NOT RESPECT ! PEOPLE1 WELL COMPA1 IT IS NOT Y\R PLACE TO BE !RE4 ,!N1 WELL1 EXCUSE US BUT WE WILL HAVE TO PUT ANO!R 9 Y\R PLACE0.<#f.>4 

,?IS WAS AN E>LY DESCRIPTION ( ! SY/EM ( DELEGATE DEMOCRACY 9 PLACE :]E ! COMMUNITIES C\LD RECALL !IR ,C,C,R,I DELEGATE IF !Y FELT !Y W]E NOT REPRES5T+ !M4 ,9 A MAJOR 9T]VIEW ) ,MEXICAN AN>*I/S 9 ,MAY #aiid ,M>COS DESCRIB$ ! DELEGATE SY/EM ( DECISION MAK+ BE=E GO+ ON TO \TL9E ! LIMITATIONS ON EV5 ! ,C,C,R,I'S P[] TO MAKE DECISIONS4 

0,9 ANY MOM5T1 IF Y\ HOLD A POSITION 9 ! COMMUNITY 7FIR/1 ! COMMUNITY HAS TO HAVE APPO9T$ Y\ 9DEP5D5T ( Y\R POLITICAL AFFILIATION71 ! COMMUNITY CAN REMOVE Y\4 ,!RE ISN'T A FIX$ T]M ?AT Y\ HAVE TO COMPLETE4 ,! MOM5T ?AT ! COMMUNITY BEG9S TO SEE ?AT Y\ >E FAIL+ 9 Y\R DUTIES1 ?AT Y\ >E HAV+ PROBLEMS1 !Y SIT Y\ D[N 9 FRONT ( ! COMMUNITY & !Y BEG9 TO TELL Y\ :AT Y\ HAVE DONE WRONG4 ,Y\ DEF5D Y\RSELF & F9ALLY ! COMMUNITY1 ! COLLECTIVE1 ! MAJORITY DECIDES :AT !Y >E GO+ TO DO ) Y\4 ,EV5TUALLY1 Y\ WILL HAVE TO LEAVE Y\R POSITION & ANO!R WILL TAKE UP Y\R RESPONSIBILITIES4 

44 /RATEGIC DECISIONS1 IMPORTANT DECISIONS HAVE TO BE MADE DEMOCRATICALLY1 FROM BEL[1 NOT FROM ABOVE4 ,IF !RE IS GO+ TO BE AN ACTION OR S]IES ( ACTIONS ?AT >E GO+ TO IMPLICATE ! 5TIRE ORGANIZATION1 ! AU?ORITY HAS TO COME FROM BEL[4 ,9 ?IS S5SE1 EV5 ! ,CL&E/9E ,REVOLUTION>Y ,9DIG5\S ,COMMITTEE ISN'T ABLE TO MAKE EV]Y DECISION4 ,Y\ C\LD SAY ?AT ! ,E,Z,L,N IS DIFF]5T BECAUSE 9 MO/ POLITICAL-MILIT>Y ORGANIZATIONS !RE IS ONLY ONE COMM&]1 & 9 ! ,E,Z,L,N ! ,CL&E/9E ,COMMITTEES >E COMPOS$ ( #h PEOPLE1 #a PEOPLE1 #ab PEOPLE OR H[EV] MANY4 ,BUT ?IS IS NOT ! DIFF]5CE4 ,! DIFF]5CE IS ?AT EV5 ! ,CL&E/9E ,COMMITTEES CANNOT MAKE C]TA9 DECISIONS1 ! MO/ IMPORTANT DECISIONS4 ,!Y >E LIMIT$ TO SU* A DEGREE ?AT ! ,CL&E/9E ,COMMITTEES CANNOT DECIDE :I* PA? ! ORGANIZATION IS GO+ TO FOLL[ UNTIL EV]Y COMPAN]O IS CONSULT$0 .<#a#e.> 

,! FIR/ 9T]VIEW.<#f.> ) ,C,C,R,I MEMB]S 9 ,FEB4 #aiid ALSO 9CLUD$ ! FIR/ M5TION ( ?IS =M ( DECISION MAK+4 7,! 9T]VIEWS QUE/IONS >E 9 BOLD73 

0,H[ DID Y\ DECIDE COLLECTIVELY TO RISE UP 9 >MS80 

0,OH1 ?AT HAS BE5 GO+ ON = MON?S N[1 S9CE WE HAD TO ASK ! OP9ION ( ! PEOPLE & BECAUSE IT WAS ! PEOPLE'S DECISION4 ,S9CE1 :Y W\LD ONE SMALL GR\P DECIDE TO JUMP 9TO W>8 ,& :AT IF ! PEOPLE DON'T SUPPORT !M8 ,:AT IF ! PEOPLE HAV5'T SPOK5 YET8 ,!N Y\ CAN'T /RUGGLE 9 ?AT WAY4 

0,IT WAS ! PEOPLE !MSELVES :O SAID ',LET'S BEG9 ALREADY4 ,WE DO NOT WANT TO PUT UP ) ANY MORE BECAUSE WE >E ALREADY DY+ ( HUNG]4' ,! LEAD]S1 ! ,C,C,R,I1 ! ,ZAPATI/A ,>MY1 & ! ,G5]AL ,COMM&1 IF ! PEOPLE SAY SO1 WELL !N1 WE'RE GO+ TO />T4 ,RESPECT+ & OBEY+ :AT ! PEOPLE ASK4 ,! PEOPLE 9 G5]AL4 ,?AT IS H[ ! /RUGGLE BEGAN40 

0,H[ DID Y\ C>RY \T Y\R ASSEMBLIES80 

0,!Y >E DONE 9 EA* REGION2 9 EA* ZONE WE ASK ! OP9ION ( ! PEOPLE4 ,!N ?AT OP9ION IS COLLECT$ FROM DIFF]5T COMMUNITIES :]E !RE >E ,ZAPATI/AS4 ,& ,ZAPATI/AS >E EV]Y:]E 9 ! /ATE ( ,*IAPAS4 ,!Y >E ASK$ !IR OP9ION1 TO SAY :AT !Y WANT3 IF WE %\LD />T ! W> OR NOT40 

0,WILL ! PEOPLE ALSO BE ASK$ :E!R !Y WANT TO NEGOTIATE80 

0,WE CANNOT DIALOGUE OR NEGOTIATE BY \RSELVES4 ,FIR/ WE HAVE TO ASK ! PEOPLE4 ,AT ! /ATE LEVEL1 :]E !RE >E COMPAN]OS1 WE HAVE TO CONSULT AB\T :E!R WE >E GO+ TO NEGOTIATE OR NOT OV] !RE4 ,IF ! PEOPLE SAY SO1 WE >E DO+ :AT ! PEOPLE SAY4 ,:Y8 ,BECAUSE WE >E FULFILL+ \R COMMITM5T TO ! PEOPLE4 ,BECAUSE ! PEOPLE HAVE LIV$ ) ?IS = SO MANY YE>S3 A LIFE ?AT IS SO H>D1 ) EV]Y K9D ( 9JU/ICE4 ,BECAUSE ( ?IS1 IT ISN'T EASY TO 5T] ! DIALOGUE SO QUICKLY4 ,IF ! PEOPLE GO TO DIALOGUE1 WELL F9E4 ,IF NOT1 'SALLRI<T4 ,NO4 ,?AT'S :Y IT IS NOT EASY40 

,SO EV5 ! ,C,C,R,I DOES NOT HAVE ! P[] TO MAKE MAJOR DECISIONS1 SU* AS TO *OOSE BETWE5 PEACE & W>4 ,!SE MU/ 9/EAD BE MADE ?R\< A 'CONSULTA'4 

,CONSULTAS 

,9 ,JUNE ( #aiid ! ',SECOND ,DECL>ATION FROM ! ,LAC&ONA ,JUNGLE'7!SE DECL>ATIONS >E KEY POLICY /ATEM5TS7 AGRE$ TO 5T] 9TO TALKS4 ,IT EXPLA9$ ?AT 0,! ,E,Z,L,N1 9 A DEMOCRATIC EX]CISE )\T PREC$5T 9 AN >M$ ORGANIZATION1 CONSULT$ ITS COMPON5T BASES AB\T :E!R OR NOT TO SIGN ! PEACE ACCORDS PRES5T$ BY ! F$]AL GOV]NM5T4 ,! ,9DIG5\S BASES ( ! ,E,Z,L,N1 SEE+ ?AT ! C5TRAL DEM&S ( DEMOCRACY1 FRE$OM & JU/ICE HAVE YET TO BE RESOLV$1 DECID$ AGA9/ SIGN+ ! GOV]NM5T'S PROPOSAL40 .<#b.> 

,H[ >E SU* CONSULTATIONS C>RI$ \T8 ,ANO!R COMMUNIQUE FROM ! SAME P]IOD EXPLA9$ ! CONSULTA PROCESS2 

0,! CONSULTATIONS TOOK PLACE 9 EV]Y COMMUNITY & EJIDO :]E !RE >E MEMB]S ( ! ,E,Z,L,N4 

,! /UDY1 ANALYSIS1 & DISCUSSION ( ! PEACE ACCORDS TOOK PLACE 9 DEMOCRATIC ASSEMBLIES4 ,! VOT+ WAS DIRECT1 FREE1 & DEMOCRATIC4 

,AFT] ! VOT+1 (FICIAL REPORTS ( ! RESULTS ( ! ASSEMBLIES W]E PREP>$4 ,!SE REPORTS SPECIFY3 ! DATE & PLACE ( ! ASSEMBLY1 ! NUMB] ( PEOPLE :O ATT5D$ 7M51 WOM5 & *ILDR5 OLD] ?AN #ab YE>S OLD71 OP9IONS & PR9CIPAL PO9TS DISCUSS$1 & ! NUMB] ( PEOPLE :O VOT$40.<#g.> 

,! CONSULTA IS SIMIL> TO A REF]5DUM BUT ONE 9 :I* 9T5SE DISCUSSIONS 9 EA* COMMUNITY IS AS C5TRAL TO ! PROCESS AS ! VOTE ITSELF4 ,! PURPOSE ( !SE DISCUSSIONS CAN BE TO FRAME ! QUE/IONS ?AT WILL BE VOT$ ON4 ,?IS IS IMPORTANT1 AS IT IS ?R\< DICTAT+ ! WORD+ ( REF]5DA ?AT GOV]NM5TS CAN (T5 IMPOSE LIMITATIONS ON :AT !IR EFFECT WILL BE4 ,! ,ZAPATI/A CONSULTA TAKE WEEKS & HAVE BE5 A GREAT S\RCE ( ANNOYANCE TO ! ,MEXICAN GOV]NM5T1 :I* ALWAYS WANTS AN ANSW] TO ITS PROPOSALS ON ! SPOT OR )9 DAYS4 

,9 HIS ,MAY #aiid 9T]VIEW ,M>COS HAD EXPLA9$ H[ ! PROCESS WORK$ ON ! COMMUNITY LEVEL -- 0,! PEOPLE MEET 9 ASSEMBLIES & ! REPRES5TATIVES PUT =?1 = EXAMPLE 9 ! CASE ( ! CONSULTATIONS1 ! DEM&S ( ! ,E,Z,L,N & ! RESPONSE ( ! GOV]NM5T4 ,!Y'RE EXPLA9$4 ,:AT IS IT ?AT WE ASK$ = & :AT HAS ! GOV]NM5T SAID 9 RESPONSE8 ,& !Y BEG9 TO DEBATE1 ,WELL1 ?IS IS BAD & ?IS IS GOOD4 ,AFT] ! COMMUNITY SAYS1 ,WE HAVE ALREADY DEBAT$1 WE ALREADY UND]/&1 N[ WE CAN VOTE -- ?IS C\LD TAKE DAYS4 ,9 FACT1 ALMO/ ALL ! CONSULTATIONS HAVE GONE ON = TWO1 ?REE DAYS N[ & !Y HAV5'T YET REA*$ ! PO9T ( VOT+4 ,!Y >RIVE & SAY1 ,WELL OKAY1 WE >E 9 AGREEM5T1 LET'S VOTE IF WE >E READY TO VOTE1 IF WE ALREADY UND]/& :AT IT IS WE >E GO+ TO DECIDE4 ,IT'S NOT AB\T RAIS+ Y\R H& OR PUTT+ A *ECK-M>K = ONE OPTION OR ! O!R4 ,Y\ HAVE TO DEBATE & ANALYZE ! PROS & ! CONS40.<#a#e.> 

,AN 9T]VIEW ) ,E,Z,L,N ,MAJOR ,ANN ,M>IA PUBLI%$ 9 ,M>* ( #aiid REF]R$ TO ! CONSULTA ?AT HAD HAPP5$ BE=E ! LAUN* ( ! ,JAN #a ATTACKS4 '',FIR/ WE VOT$ ON :E!R TO BEG9 ! W> OR NOT4 ,AFT] ! DECISION ! ATTACK WAS ORGANIZ$1 ) ! SUPPORT ( ! HI< COMM&]S''.<#a#f.> ,9T]E/+LY 9 A VIDEO 9T]VIEW FROM #aiih ,M>COS REVEAL$ ?AT ?IS CONSULTA HAD GONE AGA9/ ! WI%ES ( ! MILIT>Y COMM& :O DID NOT CONSID] ! ,E,Z,L,N PREP>$ = AN (F5SIVE W>4 ,LAT] 9 ! SAME 9T]VIEW ,ANN ,M>IA REF]S TO H[ A SIMIL> PROCESS HAD PASS$ ! ,WOM5'S ,REVOLUTION>Y ,LAW 

0,!Y'D GIV5 US ! RI<T TO P>TICIPATE 9 ! ASSEMBLIES & 9 /UDY GR\PS BUT !RE WAS NO LAW AB\T WOM54 ,& SO WE PROTE/$ & ?AT'S H[ ! ,LAW = WOM5 CAME AB\T4 ,WE ALL =MULAT$ IT & PRES5T$ IT 9 AN ASSEMBLY ( ALL ! T[NS4 ,M5 & WOM5 VOT$ ON IT4 ,!RE W]E NO PROBLEMS4 ,9 ! PROCESS OP9IONS ( WOM5 W]E ASK$ 9 ALL ! T[NS4 ,! 9SURG5TS HELP$ US WRITE IT1'' .<#a#f.> 

,AUTONOM\S MUNICAPALITIES 

,! CONSULTAS >E IDEAL = MAK+ ! BIG DECISIONS ON ! QUE/IONS ( W> OR PEACE4 ,H[EV]1 /ATE WIDE VOTES >E F> TOO UNWIELDY TO SETTLE SMALL] QUE/IONS4 ,SOME ( ! MORE IMPORTANT CAN BE SETTL$ BY ! ,C,C,R,I1 BUT FROM #aiie ANO!R REGIONAL /RUCTURE EM]G$ TO DEAL ) REGIONAL CO-ORD9ATION & RECORD KEEP+4,! REBELLION HAS ALSO MEANT ,ZAPATI/A COMMUNITIES REFUS+ ALL CONTACT ) ! ,MEXICAN /ATE -- RI<T D[N TO REFUS+ TO REGI/] BIR?S & DEA?S4 

,! PRACTICAL PROBLEM ?R[N UP BY ! NE$ = 9T] COMMUNITY CO-ORD9ATION SAW ! =MATION ( !SE REGIONAL C\NCILS4 ,!SE >E KN[N AS ,AUTONOM\S ,MUNICIPALITIES4 ,= 9/ANCE #a COMMUNITIES MAKE UP ! ,AUTONOM\S ,MUNICIPALITY NAM$ AFT] ! ,MEXICAN AN>*I/ ,RIC>DO ,FLORES ,MAGON4 ,ANO!R1 ,TI]RA Y ,LIB]TAD1 ON ! BORD] ) ,GUATEMALA CONTA9S A TOTAL ( #ab ,TZOTZIL1 ,TSELTAL & ,TOJOLOBAL COMMUNITIES FROM ! (FICIAL GOV]NM5T MUNICIPALITIES ( ,LAS ,M>G>ITAS1 ,OCOS+O1 ,LA ,TR9IT>IA1 ,LA ,9DEP5D5CIA & ,FRONT]A ,COMALAP4.<#h.> 

,E,Z,L,N ,COMM&ANTE ,SAMUEL EXPLA9$ ! REASON'S :Y ! ,E,Z,L,N DECID$ TO CREATE !SE LIB]AT$ ZONES1 0,IT WAS AN IDEA ?AT SURFAC$ 9 #aiid AS A WAY ( NOT HAV+ TO 9T]ACT ) GOV]NM5T 9/ITUTIONS4 ,WE SAID ',5\<6' TO !M CONTROLL+ ALL ASPECTS ( \R COMMUNITY = US4 ,BY CREAT+ AUTONOM\S MUNICIPALITIES WE >E DEF9+ \R [N SPACES :]E WE CAN C>RY \T \R SOCIAL & POLITICAL CU/OMS AS WE SEE FIT1 )\T A GOV]NM5T ?AT NEV] TAKES US 9TO ACC\NT1 9T]F]+ = ITS SELF- B5EFIT40 .<#i.> 

,! ,NON-,GOV]NM5TAL ,ORGANIZATION1 ,S,I,P,A,Z1 HAS ?IS TO SAY CONC]N+ ! ,AUTONOM\S ,MUNICIPALITIES3 

0,CONSID]$ FROM A WE/]N POLITICAL P]SPECTIVE1 ! AUTONOM\S MUNICIPALITIES MAKE NO S5SE4 ,!Y HAVE NO RES\RCES OR REAL P[] OR LEGAL LEGITIMACY1 & !Y >E DY+1 5CIRCL$ BY HUNG]1 DISEASES1 ! P>AMILIT>Y ?REAT & ! SECURITY =CES4 ,H[EV]1 = ! 9DIG5\S PEOPLES1 !Y CON/ITUTE AN ELOQU5T SYMBOL ( A CULTURE :I* IS RESI/+ & DEFY+ ! DOM9ANT CULTURE1 MAK+ A REALITY ( A DIFF]5T WAY ( UND]/&+ POLITICS & ( ORGANIZ+ ! ECONOMY1 SOCIETY1 & EV5 HUMAN RELATIONS40 .<#a.> 

,9 FACT ,S,I,P,A,Z IS WRONG TO /ATE ?AT ! MUNICAPALITIES MAKE NO S5SE FROM ! WE/]N P]SPECTIVE4 ,EUROPE HAS SE5 SIMIL> /RUCTURES EM]GE AT TIMES ( REVOLUTION>Y UPHEAVEL1 AS ,SOVIETS 9 #aie & #aiag 9 ,RUSSIA1 AS ,WORK]S ,C\NCILS 9 ,G]MANY FROM #a#i#a#h-#b#c1 AS ,FACTORY ,C\NCILS 9 ,ITALY 9 #a#i#b-#b#a1 AS ,WORK]S ,COMMITTEES & ,CANTONAL ,F$]ATIONS 9 ,SPA9 9 #a#i#c#f-#c#g & AS REC5TLY AS #a#i#g#d-#g#f 9 ,PORTUGAL AS ,WORK]S ,COMMITTEES & ,NEI<BOORHOOD ,COMMISSIONS4 ,IREL& EV5 SAW A %ORT LIV$ EXAMPLE DUR+ ! ,LIM]ICK G5]AL /RIKE ( #aiai :5 ! TRADES C\NCIL TOOK OV] MU* ( ! RUNN+ TO ! T[N & EV5 ISSU$ ITS [N MONEY4 ,AL?\< !SE /RUCTURES DIFF]$ FROM EA* O!R & FROM ! /RUCTURES 9 ,*IAPAS !Y ALL REPRES5T$ A ME*ANISM = ORD9>Y PEOPLE TO RUN !IR SOCIETIES DIRECTLY4 

,! BUS9ESS ( ! ,AUTONOM\S ,MUNICIPALITY IS CONC]N$ ) ! PRACTICALITIES ( DAY TO DAY LIFE RA!R !N ! ISSU+ ( COMMUNIQUES.<#d#a.> OR ! COMM&+ ( TROOPS4 ,AS SU* !Y >E P]HAPS LESS EXCIT+ !N ! ,C,C,R,I OR ! MILIT>Y COMM& ( ! ,E,Z,L,N & SO ONLY RECEIVE M$IA COV]AGE :5 ! >MY 9VADES ! T[NS :]E !Y >E BAS$ 9 ORD] TO TRY & DE/ROY !M4 ,BUT = ! ORD9>Y ,ZAPATI/AS IT IS ! V]Y DAY TO DAY NATURE ( ! ,AUTONOM\S ,MUNICIPALITY ?AT MEANS !Y HAVE A MAJOR IMPACT ON LIFE 

,ONE OBS]V]1 ,M>IANA ,MORA1 EXPLA9S ?AT 0,)9 ! NEWLY CREAT$ MUNICIPAL /RUCTURES1 ! COMMUNITIES NAME !IR AU?ORITIES1 COMMUNITY TEA*]S1 LOCAL HEAL? PROMOT]S1 9DIG5\S P>LIAM5TS1 & ELABORATE !IR [N LAWS BAS$ ON SOCIAL1 ECONOMIC1 POLITICAL & G5D] EQUALITY AMONG ! 9HABITANTS ( DIV]SE E?NIC COMMUNITIES4 

,9 ! AUTONOM\S MUNICIPALITY #ag DE ,NOVIEMBRE1 LOCAT$ 9 ! REGION ( ,ALTAMIRANO1 $UCATIONAL PROMOT]S FROM ! REGION'S #ge COMMUNITIES MEET REGUL>LY ?R\< WORK%OPS & MEET+S 9 ORD] TO CREATE ! MUNICIPALITY'S NEW $UCATIONAL SY/EM0.<#i.> 

,$UCATION IS AN IMPORTANT EXAMPLE ( ! DEP? ( ! IMPACT ( ! ,AUTONOM\S ,MUNICAPILITIES1 = 9/ANCE 9 ! ,OCOS+O REGION 0,PEOPLE FROM ! COMMUNITIES >E SAY+ ?AT !Y MI<T AS WELL SUSP5D ! PRES5T $UCATION BECAUSE IT IS BE+ IMPOS$ FROM ABOVE4 ,WE CONSID] ?AT ! PRES5T $UCATION DOES NOT 9CLUDE ! F\R !MES ?AT WE ?9K >E ! MO/ IMPORTANT3 ! ECONOMIC QUE/ION1 ! POLITICAL QUE/ION & ! CULTURAL & SOCIAL QUE/IONS4 ,SO N[ WE >E CALL+ ON ALL ! TEA*]S TO ELABORATE A NEW $UCATIONAL PROJECT ?AT IS SUPPORT$ BY ! COMMUNITY BASES & ?AT IS BAS$ ON ! F\R MA9 !MES M5TION$4 ,AT ?IS PO9T ALL ! S*OOLS >E CLOS$ :I* WAS AGRE$ ON BY ! BASE COMMUNITIES4 ,! COMMUNITIES 7( \R REGION7 HAVE SAID1 WE WILL CLOSE ALL ! S*OOLS & CALL TOGE!R ALL ! PR(ESSORS :O WORK 9 ?IS REGION SO ?AT !Y CAN DEVELOP !IR PROPOSAL1 EV5 ?\< WE ALSO HAVE \RS40 .<#a#a.> 

,H[ !Y FUNCTION 

,5LACE ,CIVIL1 ANO!R ,MEXICAN ,N,G,O 9 DETAIL+ ! GOV]NM5T'S ATTEMPTS TO SMA% ! ,AUTONOM\S ,MUNICIPALITIES EXPLA9S H[ !Y FUNCTION2 

0,! AUTONOM\S MUNICIPALITIES >E MADE UP BY ! 9DIG5\S COMMUNITIES )9 AN >EA DEF9$ BY ZAPATI/A 9FLU5CE4 ,! COMMUNITIES ( AN 9DIG5\S ZONE OR >EA >E ! ONES :O DECIDE1 AT AN ASSEMBLY ( ALL !IR MEMB]S1 :E!R OR NOT !Y WILL BELONG TO ! AUTONOM\S MUNICIPALITY4 

,! AUTONOM\S MUNICIPALITIES1 P>ALLEL TO ! CON/ITUTIONAL ONES1 DO NOT RECEIVE ANY F9ANC+ FROM ! /ATE1 NOR DO !Y COLLECT TAXES4 

,IT IS ! COMMUNITIES :O ELECT !IR REPRES5TATIVES = ! ,AUTONOM\S ,MUNICIPAL ,C\NCIL1 :I* IS ! AU?ORITY = ! MUNICIPALITY4 ,EA* REPRES5TATIVE IS *OS5 = ONE >EA ( ADM9I/RATION )9 ! AUTONOM\S MUNICIPALITY1 & !Y MAY BE REMOV$ IF !Y DO NOT FULLY COMPLY ) ! COMMUNITIES' M&ATES4 

,G5]ALLY1 A ,C\NCIL IS MADE UP ( A ,PRESID5T1 A ,VICE-,PRESID5T1 A ,SECRET>Y1 A ,M9I/] ( ,JU/ICE1 A P]SON 9 *>GE ( ,AGR>IAN ,MATT]S1 A ,HEAL? ,COMMITTEE & A DIRECTOR = ! ,CIVIL ,REGI/RY4 ,EA* MEMB]S' P[]S >E CLE>LY DEF9$ )9 !IR APPO9TM5T1 & !Y FUNCTION 9 A COLLEGIAL MANN]1 ) ! ADVICE ( PREVI\S AU?ORITIES OR ( ! ,C\NCIL ( ,ELD]S4 

,! ,C\NCILS >E ELECT$ & R5EW$ EV]Y ONE OR TWO YE>S1 ACCORD+ TO ! MUNICIPALITY4 

,! ACTIVITIES & ! RESPONSIBILITIES ( EA* AUTONOM\S MUNICIPALITY >E DEP5D5T ON ! WILL ( !IR MEMB]S1 & ON !IR LEVEL ( CONSOLIDATION4 ,!Y DO NOT MANAGE PUBLIC RES\RCES1 & !IR BUDGET1 IF IT EXI/S AT ALL1 IS V]Y LIMIT$1 & DUE TO ! COOP]ATION ( SOME ( !IR MEMB]S4 ,?OSE :O HOLD A POSITION ON ! ,MUNICIPAL ,C\NCIL DO NOT RECEIVE A SAL>Y = IT1 AL?\< !IR EXP5SES %\LD BE PAID BY ! SAME COMMUNITIES :O REQUE/ !IR PRES5CE1 ?R\< COOP]ATION AMONG ! MEMB]S4 ,9 SOME CASES1 MEMB]S ( ! ,C\NCIL >E SUPPORT$ 9 !IR F>M WORK1 SO !Y CAN D$ICATE !MSELVES TO !IR .<,C\NCIL.> WORK1 & NOT HAVE TO GO ! FIELDS4 

,! AUTONOM\S MUNICIPALITIES RESOLVE LOCAL PROBLEMS ( COEXI/5CE1 RELATIONS & EX*ANGES BETWE5 COMMUNITIES1 & !Y ATT5D TO M9OR CRIMES4 ,! APPLICATION ( JU/ICE IS BAS$ ON CU/OM>Y LAW4 ,= EXAMPLE1 9 CASES ( COMMON CRIMES1 ! PUNI%M5T IMPOS$ BY ! ,AUTONOM\S ,C\NCIL IS REP>ATION ( ! DAMAGES3 9/EAD ( PUNI%M5T BY JAIL OR F9ES1 A S5T5CE IS IMPOS$ ( WORK+ = ! COMMUNITY1 OR = ! AGGRIEV$ FAMILY4 

,9 ! AUTONOM\S MUNICIPALITY ( ,POLHO1 9 ,*5ALHO1 :]E ?\S&S ( W> DISPLAC$ >E F\ND1 ! ,AUTONOM\S ,C\NCIL RECEIVES NATIONAL & 9T]NATIONAL HUMANIT>IAN AID1 & IT DI/RIBUTES IT TO ! CAMPS ?R\< ! ,SUPPLY ,COMMITTEE40 .<#a.> 

,IT IS ?IS SORT ( DECISION-MAK+ /RUCTURE ?AT TRULY DET]M9ES ! HEAL? ( A REVOLUTION RA!R !N ! F9E WORDS ( ITS LEAD]S OR ! SLOGANS IT IS ORGANIZ$ UND]4 ,& ALSO ( C\RSE !Y PRES5T A CLE> ALT]NATIVE TO ! /ATE 7& SEIZ+ /ATE P[]7 SOME?+ ! ,L59I/ LEFT IS RELUCTANT TO ACKN[L$GE4 ,/RANGELY 5\< BO? ! ,MEXICAN GOV]NM5T & ! LOCAL ,CA?OLIC *UR* SEEM TO BE MORE ON ! BALL H]E4 

,A DOCUM5T WRITT5 BY ! ,CA?OLIC ,DIOCESES ( ,SAN ,CRI/OBAL DE LAS ,CASAS SAYS 0,! NAM+ ( AU?ORITIES ?R\< 9DIG5\S NORMS & CU/OMS1 SIGNIFIES ?AT ! POLITICAL P>TY SY/EM IS NO LONG] ! ONLY *ANNEL TO ELECT AU?ORITIES & GOV]NM5T REPRES5TATIVES4 ,AT A LOCAL LEVEL MUNICIPAL PRESID5TS IMPOS$ BY ! ,P,R,I >E LEFT GOV]N+ ONLY !MSELVES1 )\T BE+ ABLE TO P5ETRATE 9TO ! COMMUNITIES4 ,BASICALLY ?IS MEANS ! SL[ DE/RUCTION ( ! FALSE DEMOCRACY SU/A9$ BY ! POLITICAL P>TY SY/EM & ITS REPLACEM5T BY COMMUNITIES & ORGANIZATIONS ?AT CON/RUCT !IR [N HI/ORY FIR/ AS AUTONOM\S MUNICIPALITIES & EV5TUALLY AS AUTONOM\S ZONES40.<#i.> 

,IT IS REVEAL+ H[ MU* LEFT COMM5T>Y ON ! ,ZAPATI/AS IGNORES !SE /RUCTURES ALTOGE!R4 ,9/EAD ! ,ZAPATI/AS >E ANALYIS$ ON ! BASIS ( ! REVOLUTION>Y LAWS OR ! DEM&S !Y HAVE PUT =W>D 9 ! PEACE PROCESS4 ,SU* AN ANALYSIS SEEMS TO /EM MORE FROM ! OBS]V]S WI% TO BE 9 P[] !N ANY TRUE UND]/&+ ( :AT A REVOLUTION %\LD LOOK LIKE4 

,ON ! LOCAL LEVEL ( ,*IAPAS IT IS ?IS ISSUE ( AUTONOMY ?AT ! GOV]NM5T MO/ FE>S AS IT ?REAT5S TO REMOVE !IR RI<T TO IMPOSE DECISIONS ON ! PEOPLE COMPLETELY4 0,9 ITS V]Y BASIC =M AUTONOMY CONSI/S 9 RECAPTUR+ & RE/OR+ ! CULTURE & SELF-DET]M9ATION TAK5 AWAY OV] ! LA/ #$ YE>S4 ,?AT IS1 9 T]MS ( T]RITORY1 ?AT ! PEOPLE ?AT LIVE 9 A REGION ADM9I/] !IR [N ECONOMY1 !IR [N POLITICS1 !IR [N CULTURE & !IR [N RES\RCES40 .<#a#a.> 

,! IDEA ( AUTONOMY PROVIDES ! CORE ( ! ATTRACTION MANY ( ! 9T]NATIONAL SUPPORT]S ( ! ,ZAPATI/AS HAVE = ! REBELLION 9 ,*IAPAS4 ,BUT1 AT LEA/ AS ! ,E,Z,L,N SEE IT1 IT IS NOT AN IDEA )\T ITS CONTRADICTIONS4 ,NOT LEA/ ! DANG] ( P]CEIV+ !SE /RUCTURES AS JU/ BE+ APPLICABLE TO ,*IAPAS OR CO-EXI/+ ) ! APP>ATUS ( /ATE RULE4 

,SOME PROBLEMS ,I SEE 

,! CRITICISMS ,I'M MOV+ ON TO MAKE >E FROM ! P]SPECTIVE ( AN>*ISM4 ,MOD]N SOCIALISM FIR/ >RIV$ 9 ,MEXICO ) ! ,GREEK AN>*I/ ,PLOT9O ,RHODAKANATY 9 E>LY #a#h#f#a4 ,9 ! NEXT #f YE>S ,MEXICAN AN>*ISM W5T ?R\< MANY /AGES 7P>ALLEL ) ! DEVELOPM5TS 9 ,EUROPE7 :I* 9CLUD$ ! FIR/ AGR>IAN UPRIS+ ) A POSITIVE PROGRAM & ! =MATION ( ! ,MEXICAN TRADE UNIONS4 ,TO ?IS DAY ! AN>*I/ FLAG 7R$ 9 ONE DIAGONAL1 BLACK 9 ! O!R7 IS ! SYMBOL US$ TO 9DICATE A /RIKE 9 PROGRESS 9 ,MEXICO4 

,ALMO/ IMM$IATELY ! ,MEXICAN AN>*I/S REALIZ$ ! CONNECTION BETWE5 ! SOCIETY !Y W]E FI<T+ = & ELEM5TS ( ! TRADITIONAL PRACTICE ( ! 9DIG5\S PEOPLE4 ,!Y ADVOCAT$ L9K+ UP ) ! 9DIG5\S PEOPLE ON ?IS BASIS4 ,BY #ahfg ! AN>*I/ ,*AVEZ ,LOPEZ :O DECL>$ 0,I AM A SOCIALI/ BECAUSE ,I AM ! 5EMY ( ALL GOV]NM5TS1 & ,I AM A COMMUNI/ BECAUSE MY BRO!RS WI% TO WORK ! L&S 9 COMMON0 HAD LAUN*$ ! FIR/ RURAL 9SURRECTION>Y MOVEM5T4 ,9 #ahfi 9 ,APRIL !Y ISSU$ 9 A MANIFE/O CALL+ = 0! REV]$ PR9CIPLE ( AUTONOM\S VILLAGE GOV]NM5TS TO REPLACE ! SOV]EIGNTY ( A NATIONAL GOV]NM5T VIEW$ TO BE ! CORRUPT COLLABORATOR ( ! HAC5DADOS04.<#d#b.> 

,!RE IS NO ROOM H]E = A DETAIL$ DISCUSSION ( AN>*ISM 9 ,MEXICO1 ,JOHN ,M ,H>T'S 0,AN>*ISM & ! ,MEXICAN ,WORK+ ,CLASS0 IS A USEFUL ,5GLI% LANGUAGE 9TRODUCTION4 ,! 9TRODUCTION ABOVE IS JU/ TO DEMON/RATE ?AT ! HI/ORY ( AN>*ISM 9 ,MEXICO IS CONSID]ABLY LONG] & MORE IMPORTANT !N EV5 ! KEY FIGURES ( ,ZAPATA & ,RIC>DO ,FLORES ,MAGNON IMPLY4 

,MEXICAN AN>*ISM WAS DE/ROY$ AS A MASS =CE BY ! #a#i#c'S & AL?\< SMALL COLLECTIVES HAVE KEPT ! IDEAS ALIVE AFT] ?IS PO9T REVOLUTION>Y POLITICS1 9CLUD+ ?OSE ( ! ,ZAPATI/AS1 T5D$ TO /EM FROM ,M>XI/ ORIG9S4 ,H[EV] ! ,ZAPATI/AS REPRES5T A RETURN TO AT LEA/ SOME ( ! IDEAS ( ! ,MEXICAN AN>*I/S4 

,CO-EXI/ANCE8 

,FROM ?IS PO9T ( VIEW ! MO/ ATTRACTIVE ASPECT ( ! ,ZAPATI/AS IS ?AT !Y DEMON/RATE H[ DECISIONS CAN BE EFFECTIVELY MADE )\T A NE$ = ELECT+ 9DIVIDUALS TO REPRES5T \R VIEWS4 ,ON ! HI/ORIC LEVEL1 !RE IS A CONFLICT BETWE5 SY/EMS ( DIRECT DEMOCRACY ON ! ONE H& & GOV]NM5T ON ! O!R4 ,9 ,RUSSIA #aiah & ,B>CELONA #a#i#c#g1 AS ELSE:]E1 ?IS CONFLICT L$ TO ! GOV]NM5T US+ =CE TO DISSOLVE ! /RUCTURES ( DIRECT DEMOCRACY4 ,SO FROM ! AN>*I/ P]SPECTIVE !RE IS A *OICE TO BE MADE H]E1 Y\ >E = ONE OR ! O!R BUT NOT BO?4 

,I CANNOT CLAIM ?AT ! ,ZAPATI/AS AGREE4 ,9DE$ IT IS PRECISELY TO !SE SORT ( DEBATES ?AT ,M>COS WAS RESPOND+ 9 ,MAY #aiie :5 HE WROTE 79 IMAG9+ HIS POLITICAL TRIAL7 

0,! COMMUNI/S ACCUSE HIM ( BE+ AN>*I/3 GUILTY 

,! AN>*I/S ACCUSE HIM ( BE+ OR?ODOX3 GUILTY04.<#d#c.> 

,BECAUSE ,I DISAGREE ) A LOT ( :AT FOLL[S1 PRECISELY BECAUSE ,I CONSID] ! ,ZAPATI/AS TO BE SOME:AT 'OR?ODOX' 9 T]MS ( ELECTORAL POLITICS1 ,I QUOTE EXT5SIVELY BEL[ FROM ! MAT]IAL !Y HAVE PRODUC$ EXPLA9+ !IR POSITION4 

,! ,ZAPATISATAS SEEM TO >GUE = ! CO-EXI/ANCE ( !IR SY/EM ( DIRECT DEMOCRACY & ! 9DIRECT ELECTORAL SY/EM ( ! ,MEXICAN /ATE4 ,!Y ALSO TALK ( RE=M+ ! ELECTORAL SY/EM1 BY 9TRODUC+ SOME ELEM5T ( LEAD+ BY OBEY+4 ,M>COS 9 #aiie CLAIM$ ?AT 0,:AT IS 9 CRISIS IS ! SY/EM1 ! GOV]NM5T1 ! OLD ?+S & ! ANA*RON\S WAYS ( DO+ POLITICS4 ,BUT ! NATION CAN SURVIVE ) A NEW PACT1 ) A NEW POLITICAL CLASS1 & ) NEW =MS ( DO+ POLITICS40 .<#a#h.> ,! EXI/ANCE ( A DI/9CT 'POLITICAL CLASS' SEP>ATE FROM ! ORD9>Y PEOPLE IMPLIES ! CONT9U$ EXI/5CE ( SOME =M ( /ATE SY/EM4 

,ON ,DECEMB] #h #b ! ,C,C,R,I REF]R$ TO ,AMADO ,AV5DANO :O HAD PROBABLY WON ! #aiif ELECTION AS GOV]N\R ( ,*IAPAS & :O WAS WIDELY RECOGNIZ$ AS ! 'REBEL GOV]NOR'4 0,SIX YE>S AFT] HIS TAK+ (FICE1 ,DON ,AMADO ,AV5DANO HAS ACQUITT$ HIMSELF WELL TO ?OSE :O ELECT$ HIM &1 DESPITE ! ELECTORAL FRAUD COMMITT$ AGA9/ HIM1 :O SUPPORT$ HIM4 

,! ZAPATI/A 9DIG5\S COMMUNITIES1 ?R\< ! ,E,Z,L,N1 >E PUBLICLY RECOGNIZ+ ! =M] ,GOV]NOR ( ,*IAPAS TODAY4 ,HE CAN HAVE SATISFACTION 9 HAV+ C>RI$ \T HIS DUTY40 .<#b#c.> ,AGA9 ! IMPLICATION H]E IS ?AT IF ,AMADO ,AV5DANO HAD BE5 ALL[$ 9TO P[] ! ,ZAPATI/AS C\LD HAVE WORK$ ) HIM4 ,9 ! #aiid PRESID5TIAL ELECTION IT APPE>S ?AT MO/ ,ZAPATI/AS VOT$ = ,C>D9AS1 ! C&IDATE ( ! OPPOSITION ,P,R,D EV5 IF ! ,ZAPATI/AS /OPP$ %ORT ( PUBLICALY 5DORS+ HIM4 

,AL?\< ! ,ZAPATI/AS HAVE BROK5 ) MANY ELEM5TS ( !IR POLITICAL PA/ ONE ?+ ?AT APPE>S TO HAVE C>RI$ OV] IS A /AGES !ORY ( LIB]ATION4 ,9 ! OLD DAYS ?IS W\LD HAVE TALK$ AB\T ! NE$ = NATIONAL LIB]ATION TO PRECE$ A SOCIALI/ REVOLUTION4 ,TODAY ! ,ZAPATI/AS /ILL SEEM TO TALK ( ! NE$ = TWO /AGES1 ! FIR/ ( :I* IS EQUIVAL5T TO A NATIONAL REVOLUTION4 

,!IR IDEAS W]E SPELL$ \T 9 SOME DETAIL 9 ! ,SECOND ,DECL>ATION FROM ! ,LAC&ON ,JUNGLE2 

0,WE >5'T PROPOS+ A NEW WORLD1 BUT SOME?+ PREC$+ A NEW WORLD3 AN ANTE*AMB] LOOK+ 9TO ! NEW ,MEXICO4 ,9 ?IS S5SE1 ?IS REVOLUTION WILL NOT 5D 9 A NEW CLASS1 FACTION ( A CLASS1 OR GR\P 9 P[]4 ,IT WILL 5D 9 A FREE & DEMOCRATIC SPACE = POLITICAL /RUGGLE4 ,?IS FREE & DEMOCRATIC SPACE WILL BE BORN ON ! FETID CADAV] ( ! /ATE P>TY SY/EM & ! TRADITION ( FIX$ PRESID5TIAL SUCCESSION4 ,A NEW POLITICAL RELATION%IP WILL BE BORN1 A RELATION%IP BAS$ NOT 9 ! CONFRONTATION ( POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS AMONG !MSELVES1 BUT 9 ! CONFRONTATION ( !IR POLITICAL PROPOSALS ) DIFF]5T SOCIAL CLASSES4 ,POLITICAL LEAD]%IP WILL DEP5D ON ! SUPPORT ( !SE SOCIAL CLASSES1 & NOT ON ! M]E EX]CISE ( P[]4 ,9 ?IS NEW POLITICAL RELATION%IP1 DIFF]5T POLITICAL PROPOSALS 7SOCIALISM1 CAPITALISM1 SOCIAL DEMOCRACY1 LIB]ALISM1 *RI/IAN DEMOCRACY1 ETC47 WILL HAVE TO CONV9CE A MAJORITY ( ! NATION ?AT !IR PROPOSAL IS ! BE/ = ! C\NTRY4 ,! GR\PS 9 P[] WILL BE WAT*$ BY ! PEOPLE 9 SU* A WAY ?AT !Y WILL BE OBLIGAT$ TO GIVE A REGUL> ACC\NT+ ( !MSELVES1 & ! PEOPLE WILL BE ABLE TO DECIDE :E!R !Y REMA9 9 P[] OR NOT4 ,! PLEBISCITE IS A REGULAT$ =M ( CONFRONTATION AMONG ! NATION1 POLITICAL P>TIES1 & P[]1 & IT M]ITS A PLACE 9 ! HI<E/ LAW ( ! C\NTRY40 .<#b.> 

,! #b ELECTIONS 

,AN ,E,Z,L,N COMMUNIQUE RELEAS$ = ! ,PRESID5TIAL ELECTION 9 ,JUNE #b DISCUSSES AT L5G? ! FLAWS ( ! CURR5T SY/EMS & POSSIBLE RE=MS TO IT2 

0,9 ,MEXICO1 PRESID5TIALISM HAS BE5 A HEAVY BURD5 & AN OB/ACLE = DEMOCRACY4 ,EV5 ?\< WE HAVE NOT HAD A PRESID5T 9 ! LA/ #g YE>S :O HAS NOT BELONG$ TO ! (FICIAL P>TY1 ! POSSIBLE >RIVAL TO ! PRESID5TIAL *AIR ( ! OPPOSITION DOES NOT MEAN 0MOVEM5T T[>DS DEMOCRACY10 IF ! EXECUTIVE BRAN* CONT9UES TO BE CONC5TRAT$ 9 ONE S+LE P]SON1 & :ILE ! BRAN*ES *>G$ ) LEGISLAT+ & UPHOLD+ ! LAW >E M]ELY DECORATIVE ELEM5TS :I* >E *ANG$ EV]Y #c OR #f YE>S4 ,! SURVIVAL ( ! PRESID5TIALI/ SY/EM 9 ,MEXICO IS A FACT4 ,:AT K9D ( DEMOCRACY IS ?IS1 9 :I* ! FUNDAM5TAL DECISIONS ( A NATION FALL TO ONE S+LE 9DIVIDUAL = SIX YE>S8 

,AN AUTONOM\S LEGISLATIVE BRAN*1 9DEP5D5T ( ! EXECUTIVE1 IS ESS5TIAL 9 A DEMOCRACY4 ,NONE!LESS1 ! CAMPAIGNS = DEPUTIES & S5ATORS HAVE PASS$ UNNOTIC$4 ,! NATURAL PASSION OV] ! PRESID5TIAL CONTE/ HAS MANAG$ TO CONCEAL AN ADVANCE :I* HAS ALREADY BE5 SE5 DUR+ ! LA/ #f YE> T]M :I* IS N[ 5D+3 A LEGISLATIVE BRAN* /RUGGL+ = ITS 9DEP5D5CE & AUTONOMY4 

,9 ADDITION TO CONFRONT+ ! EXECUTIVE1 ! LEGISLATIVE BRAN* %\LD BECOME 9DEP5D5T ( P>TY LEAD]S1 :O NOT 9FREQU5TLY REPLACE LEAD]S ( ! P>LIAM5T>Y W+S 9 ?OSE AGREEM5TS & REGULATIONS :I* CORRESPOND EXCLUSIVELY TO ! LEGISLATIVE >5A4 ,LEGISLAT+ IS NOT ! PR]OGATIVE ( ! POLITICAL P>TIES1 BUT ( ?OSE :O >E DEMOCRATICALLY ELECT$ TO ?AT TASK4 

,AT ! BACK ( ! L9E BEH9D ! PRESID5TIAL CAMPAIGNS1 ! CAMPAIGNS BY ! LEGISLATIVE C&IDATES >E NOT W9N+ ANY?+ = !MSELVES1 NOR >E !Y ( ANY B5EFIT TO ?OSE :O >E SEEK+ EXECUTIVE (FICE4 ,!Y >E DIFF]5T ELECTIONS1 BECAUSE !IR FUNCTION IS DIFF]5T4 ,! LEGISLATIVE CONTE/S DES]VE AN ATT5TION !Y HAVE NOT RECEIV$4 

,WE HOPE ?AT ! NEXT LEGISLATURE -- :I* HAS BE5 SO NEGLECT$ DUR+ !SE ELECTIONS -- DOES NOT C>RY \T !IR WORK TI$ TO COMMITM5TS ) !IR P>TY LEAD]%IP OR ) ! ELECT$ EXECUTIVE1 BUT ) ! ,MEXICAN M5 & WOM5 :O1 HAV+ VOT$ OR NOT = !IR C&IDACIES1 MAKE UP ! ,MEXICAN NATION & >E ! ONES ) :OM !Y MU/ MAKE LAWS4 

,TODAY1 9 RESPONSE TO ! CURR5T ELECTION PROCESS1 ! ZAPATI/AS DECL>E \RSELVES TO BE 9 FAVOR ( AN AU!NTIC BALANCE ( P[]S4 ,NOT JU/ 9 ! EX]CISE ( !IR DUTIES1 BUT ALSO 9 ! FI<T = SEATS4 ,IT IS AS IMPORTANT TO KN[ AB\T ! PROPOSALS & POSITIONS ( ?OSE C&IDATES SEEK+ TO BE DEPUTIES & S5ATORS AS IT IS TO KN[ ( ?OSE ( ! PRESID5TIAL C&IDATES4 ,! 5D ( PRESID5TIALISM IS A CONDITION = DEMOCRACY 9 ,MEXICO4 

444,TODAY1 9 RESPONSE TO ! CURR5T ELECTION PROCESS1 ! ZAPATI/AS D5\NCE ?AT IT IS NOT AN ELECTION ( CITIZ5S RESPOND+ TO POLITICAL PROPOSALS1 & ?OSE :O REPRES5T !M1 BUT RA!R A /ATE ELECTION1 ) ! OPPOSITION CONFRONT+ NOT ONLY ! (FICIAL P>TY1 BUT ! 5TIRE MA*9]Y ( ! ,MEXICAN /ATE4 ,NO ELECTION CAN BE CALL$ 0DEMOCRATIC0 UND] !SE CONDITIONS4 

,= ZAPATI/AS1 DEMOCRACY IS MU* MORE ?AN AN ELECTORAL CONTE/ OR *ANGES 9 P[]4 ,BUT IT IS ALSO AN ELECTION FI<T1 IF IT IS CLEAN1 EQUITABLE1 HONE/ & PLURAL4 

,?AT IS :Y WE SAY ?AT ELECTORAL DEMOCRACY IS NOT SUFFICI5T = DEMOCRACY1 BUT IT IS AN IMPORTANT P>T ( IT4 ,?AT IS :Y WE >E NOT ANTI-ELECTION4 ,WE BELIEVE POLITICAL P>TIES HAVE A ROLE TO PLAY 7NOR >E WE ANTI-P>TY1 AL?\< WE HAVE CRITICISMS ( P>TY DO+S74 

,WE BELIEVE ?AT ! ELECTIONS REPRES5T1 = MILLIONS ( P]SONS1 A SPACE = DIGNIFI$ & RESPECTABLE /RUGGLE4 

,ELECTION TIME IS NOT ! TIME = ! ZAPATI/AS4 ,NOT JU/ BECAUSE ( \R BE+ )\T FACE & \R >M$ RESI/ANCE4 ,BUT ALSO1 & ABOVE ALL1 = \R DEVOTION TO F9D+ A NEW WAY ( DO+ POLITICS1 :I* HAS LITTLE OR NO?+ TO DO ) ! CURR5T ONE4 

,WE WANT TO F9D A POLITICS :I* GOES FROM BEL[ TO ABOVE1 ONE 9 :I* 0GOV]N+ OBEY+0 IS MORE ?AN A SLOGAN2 ONE 9 :I* P[] IS NOT ! OBJECTIVE2 ONE 9 :I* 0REF]5DUM0 & 0PLEBISCITE0 >E MORE ?AN JU/ WORDS :I* >E DIFFICULT TO SPELL2 ONE 9 :I* AN (FICIAL CAN BE REMOV$ FROM HIS POSITION BY POPUL> ELECTION4 

,CONC]N+ ! POLITICAL P>TIES1 WE SAY ?AT WE DO NOT FEEL REPRES5T$ BY ANY ( !M4 ,WE >E NEI!R ,P,R,DS OR ,P,A,NS1 EV5 LESS ,P,R,IS4 

,WE CRITICIZE ! P>TIES' DI/ANCE FROM SOCIETY1 ?AT !IR EXI/5CE & ACTIVITIES >E REGULAT$ ONLY BY ! ELECTION CAL5D>1 ! POLITICAL PRAGMATISM ?AT GOES BEYOND ITS M&ATE1 ! CYNICAL JUGGL+ ACT ( SOME ( !IR MEMB]S1 !IR CONTEMPT = ! DIFF]5T4 

,DEMOCRACY -- REG>DLESS ( :O IS 9 P[] -- IS ! MAJORITY ( PEOPLE HAV+ DECISION MAK+ P[] CONC]N+ ISSUES ?AT CONC]N !M4 ,IT IS ! P[] ( ! PEOPLE TO SANCTION ?OSE 9 GOV]NM5T1 DEP5D+ ON !IR CAPACITY1 HONE/Y & EFFECTIV5ESS4 

,! ZAPATI/A CONCEPT ( DEMOCRACY IS SOME?+ ?AT IS BUILT FROM BEL[1 ) EV]YONE1 EV5 ?OSE :O ?9K DIFF]5TLY FROM US4 ,DEMOCRACY IS ! EX]CISE ( P[] = ! PEOPLE ALL ! TIME & 9 ALL PLACES4 

,TODAY1 9 RESPONSE TO ! CURR5T ELECTION PROCESS1 ! ZAPATI/AS REAFFIRM \R /RUGGLE = DEMOCRACY4 ,NOT ONLY = ELECTORAL DEMOCRACY1 BUT ALSO = ELECTORAL DEMOCRACY40 .<#b#d.> 

,! HI/ORICAL PROBLEM ) ?IS SORT ( APPROA*1 9 ,MEXICO & ELSE:]E1 IS ?AT IT LEADS TO A PROCESS BY :I* LIB]AL RE=MI/ P>TIES CAN USE ! REVOLUTION>IES TO HELP OV]TURN MORE AU?ORAT>IAN GOV]NM5TS1 BUT ONCE ?IS IS A*IEV$ CAN !N RAPIDLY ISOLATE & NEUTRALIZE ! REVOLUTION>IES4 ,?IS HAPP5$ 9 #aiad DUR+ ! ,MEXICAN REVOLUTION :5 ,C>RANZA WAS ABLE US USE ! AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S ( ! ,CASA TO OV]TURN ! ,HU]TA REGIME4 ,! ,CON/ITUTIONALI/S !N ALL[$ ! ,CASA TO ORGANIZE AMONG URBAN WORK]S & US$ !IR SUSPICION ( ! RELIGI\S NATURE ( ! >MIES ( ,ZAPATA & ,VILLA TO MOBILIZE 'R$ BATTILIONS' TO FI<T !M 9 #a#i#a#e4 

,ONCE !Y HAD BE5 DEFEAT$ & /RIKES BEGAN 9 ,MEXICO ,C>RANZA SIMPLY DISSOLV$ ! R$ BATTALIONS 9 ,JANU>Y #aiaf & BY ,FEBRU>Y BEGAN A PROCESS ( CLOS+ D[N ! UNIONS (FICES & >RE/+ ! LEAD]%IP4 ,:5 ! UNIONS CALL$ A SECOND G5]AL /RIKE 9 LATE ,JULY ! GOV]NM5T REACT$ ) M>TIAL LAW 9CLUD+ ! DEA? P5ALTY = /RIK+ 9 ESS5TIAL CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,IT CAN BE EASILY >GU$ ?AT SIMIL> PROCESS ACCOMPANI$ ! P]IODS ( RADICAL *ANGE EV]Y:]E FROM ! ,IRI% ,W> ( ,9DEP5D5CE TO ! 5D+ ( AP>!ID 9 ,S\? ,AFRICA4 ,9 ! TRANSITION ! RADICALS W]E ISOLAT$ & !N SUPPRESS$4 

,/AGES !ORY 

,IT REMA9S UNCLE> :]E EXACTLY ! ,ZAPATI/AS /& H]E4 ,P>T ( ! CONFUSION MAY >ISE FROM ! TWO DI/9CT /AGES ! ,ZAPATI/AS SEE AS BE+ NECESS>Y4 ,P>T ( IT IS A FEEL+ ?AT ! WAY !Y MAKE DECISIONS 9 ,*IAPAS MAY NOT BE APPLICABLE TO ! RE/ ( ! C\NTRY4 ,9 A #aiie 9T]VIEW ,M>COS DISCUSSES !SE ISSUES4 ,9T]E/+LY IT ALSO SUGGE/S A DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! POLITICAL LEAD]%IP ( ! ,E,Z,L,N & ! RANK & FILE ON ?IS V]Y QUE/ION4 

0,WE >E PLANN+ A REVOLUTION :I* WILL MAKE A REVOLUTION POSSIBLE4 ,WE >E PLANN+ A PRE-REVOLUTION4 ,?AT IS :Y !Y ACCUSE US ( BE+ >M$ REVISIONI/S OR RE=MI/S1 AS ,JORGE ,CASATAN$A SAYS4 ,WE >E TALK+ AB\T MAK+ A BROAD SOCIAL MOVEM5T1 VIOL5T OR PEACEFUL1 :I* WILL RADICALLY MODIFY SOCIAL RELATION%IPS SO ?AT ITS F9AL PRODUCT MI<T BE A NEW SPACE ( POLITICAL RELATION%IP4 

444 

,I WAS SAY+ ?AT ! COMMUNITIES >E PROMOT+ DEMOCRACY4 ,BUT ! CONCEPT SEEMS VAGUE4 ,!RE >E MANY K9DS ( DEMOCRACY4 ,?AT'S :AT ,I TELL !M 7! ,9DIANS74 ,I TRY TO EXPLA9 TO !M3 ,Y\ CAN DO ?AT 7TO SOLVE BY CONS5SUS7 BECAUSE Y\ HAVE A COMMUNAL LIFE4 ,:5 !Y >RIVE AT AN ASSEMBLY1 !Y KN[ EA* O!R1 !Y COME TO SOLVE A COMMON PROBLEM4 ,BUT 9 O!R PLACES IT ISN'T SO1 ,I TELL !M4 ,PEOPLE LIVE SEP>ATE LIVES & !Y USE ! ASSEMBLY = O!R ?+S1 NOT TO SOLVE ! PROBLEM4 ,& !Y SAY1 NO1 BUT IT MEANS ?AT YES1 IT WORKS = US4 ,& IT 9DE$ WORKS = !M1 !Y SOLVE ! PROBLEM4 ,& !Y PROPOSE ?AT ME?OD = ! ,NATION & ! WORLD4 ,! WORLD MU/ ORGANIZE ITSELF ?US4 ,?AT IS :AT !Y CALL 0TO RULE :ILE OBEY+070M&> OB$ECI5DO074 ,& IT IS V]Y DIFFICULT TO GO AGA9/ ?AT BECAUSE ?AT IS H[ !Y SOLVE !IR PROBLEMS4 ,& ! ONE :O DOESN'T WORK \T1 !Y DISMISS HIM1 & !RE IS NO BIG SC&AL4 ,:5 ! EJIDO'S HEAD AU?ORITY MAKES A MI/AKE1 !Y REMOVE HIM & HE GOES ON TO BECOME A MEMB] ( ! ASSEMBLY4 

,WE HAVE 9SI/$ UPON ! FACT ?AT :AT ! ,E,Z,L,N PROPOSES IS NOT A REPRES5TATIVE DEMOCRACY1 ?AT ( ! POLITICAL P>TIES4 ,& !Y TELL US 9 >TICLES1 & 9 ! NEWSPAP]S1 ?AT WE >E WRONG1 ?AT 9 REALITY ! ,9DIG5\S COMMUNITIES HAVE BE5 DEFEAT$1 BECAUSE :AT IS WOR? H]E IS ! 9DIVIDUAL1 & ! COMMUNITIES WANT TO HAVE ! COLLECTIVE WILL VALU$4 ,YES4 ,?AT'S :Y WE SAY3 WE NE$ ANO!R1 DIFF]5T NONP>TIZAN POLITICAL =CE4 ,:5 WE PROPOSE ?AT1 WE DO IT AS :5 WE />T$ ! W> 9 #a#i#i#d4 ,AT ?AT TIME ,I US$ TO TELL !M 7! COMMUNITIES :O HAD DECID$ TO />T ! (F5SIVE71 WE >E GO+ TO GO TO HELL1 !Y >E GO+ TO FUCK US UP2 ! 9T]NATIONAL CORRELATION ( =CES IS AGA9/ US1 !Y >E GO+ TO CUT US TO PIECES4 ,& ! BRO!RS SAY+3 ,LET'S GO1 LET'S GO1 & LET'S GO TO W>4 ,& N[ IT'S LET'S GO1 & LET'S GO = ?IS TYPE ( DEMOCRACY4 ,& H[ DO Y\ TELL !M ?AT IT IS NO GOOD4 ,IF !Y HAVE US$ IT = YE>S444,:AT BETT] RESULT ?AN TO HAVE RESI/$ ALL ! ANNIHILATION CAMPAIGNS6 ,?AT IS :Y !Y SAY3 ! C\NTRY MU/ ORGANIZE ITSELF LIKE ?IS40 

444! BRO!RS >E SAY+3 0,?AT ,P>LIAM5T %\LD OBEY ?OSE IT CLAIMS TO REPRES5T40 ,I KN[ ,I AM TALK+ AB\T SOME?+ NEW :I* IS DIFFICULT TO UND]/&444 

,9T]VIEW] ,:AT Y\ >E SAY+ IS TO TAKE OV] ! P[]444 

,TO EX]T IT4 

,:AT Y\ >E NOT SAY+ IS H[ TO EMBODY ?AT4 

,BECAUSE WE DON'T HAVE ! FUCK+ IDEA ( H[ TO DO IT4 ,I CAN IMAG9E AN ASSEMBLY 9 A 0CANADA0 7CANION71 EV5 )9 AN E?NIC GR\P4 

,:Y8 ,BECAUSE ,I HAVE SE5 IT4 ,I KN[ H[ !Y ORGANIZE !MSELVES & H[ !Y GO ON SOLV+ !IR PROBLEMS 9 ! MID/ ( A SORT ( MIXTURE ( REPRES5TATIVITY & ASSEMBLY4 

,& Y\ HONE/LY BELIEVE ?AT ?AT CAN FUNCTION = A NATION8 

,I KN[ ?AT ! O!R WAY DOES NOT WORK4 ,:AT !RE IS RI<T N[ DOES NOT WORK40 .<#a#i.> 

,ON ?IS SUBJECT H[EV]1 IT IS IMPORTANT TO NOTE ?AT ! ,E,Z,L,N HAS BE5 V]Y CLE> ?AT !Y DO NOT WI% TO BECOME A POLITICAL P>TY OR PROMOTE ! =MATION ( ONE4 ,:5 ! ,F\R? ,DECL>ATION ( ! ,LACADON JUNGLE ANN\NC$ ! =MATION ( ! ,F,Z,L,N 7,ZAPATI/A ,NATIONAL ,LIB]ATION ,FRONT7 IT DEF9$ IT AS 

0,A POLITICAL =CE :OSE MEMB]S DO NOT EX]T NOR ASPIRE TO HOLD ELECTIVE POSITIONS OR GOV]NM5T (FICES 9 ANY ( ITS LEVELS4 ,A POLITICAL =CE :I* DOES NOT ASPIRE TO TAKE P[]4 ,A =CE :I* IS NOT A POLITICAL P>TY4 

,A POLITICAL =CE :I* CAN ORGANIZE ! DEM&S & PROPOSALS ( ?OSE CITIZ5S & IS WILL+ TO GIVE DIRECTION ?R\< OB$I5CE4 ,A POLITICAL =CE :I* CAN ORGANIZE A SOLUTION TO ! COLLECTIVE PROBLEMS )\T ! 9T]V5TION ( POLITICAL P>TIES & ( ! GOV]NM5T4 ,WE DO NOT NE$ P]MISSION 9 ORD] TO BE FREE4 ,! ROLE ( ! GOV]NM5T IS ! PR]OGATIVE ( SOCIETY & IT IS ITS RI<T TO EX]T ?AT FUNCTION4 

,A POLITICAL =CE :I* /RUGGLES AGA9/ ! CONC5TRATION ( WEAL? 9 ! H&S ( A FEW & AGA9/ ! C5TRALIZATION ( P[]4 ,A POLITICAL =CE :OSE MEMB]S DO NOT HAVE ANY O!R PRIVILEGE ?AN ! SATISFACTION ( HAV+ FULFILL$ ITS COMMITM5T40 .<#b#a.> 

,ECONOMICS 

,A SECOND & RELAT$ PROBLEM ) ! IDEAS PUT =W>D 7OR 9 ?IS CASE NOT PUT =W>D7 BY ! ,ZAPATI/AS IS 9 ! SPH]E ( ! ECONOMY4 ,ON ! ONE H& !Y D5\NCE NEO-LIB]ALISM & CALL = L& OCCUPATIONS AS 9 ?IS 9T]VIEW FROM ,JANU>Y #a#i#i#d2 

0,! IMM$IATE OBJECTIVE IS ?AT \R AGRICULTURAL LAWS BEG9 TO OP]ATE 9 ! LIB]AT$ ZONES1 ?AT ! CAMPES9OS ORGANIZE !MSELVES1 TAK+ L&1 RESPECT+ SMALL RURAL PROP]TY & WORK+ 9 COLLECTIVES1 IGNOR+ ALL ( ! DEBTS ) ! GOV]NM5T4 ,BANRURAL 7,BANCO DE ,C]'DITO ,RURAL71 ALL ( ! TAK5 ASSETS1 ALL ( ?AT1 WE DON'T KN[ ANY?+ AB\T 9 ! RURAL ZONE BECAUSE :]E WE MOVE ?OSE LAWS WILL />T TO OP]ATE1 ?AT IS1 ! OLD ,CON/ITUTION BE=E !Y RE=M$ IT4 ,?AT IS ! IMM$IATE PLAN ?AT WE HAVE1 ?AT IS1 TO ORGANIZE ! RURAL LIFE ( ?IS C\NTRY ACCORD+ TO ! WILL ( ! MAJORITY ( \R COMPAN]OS4 ,?AT IS1 ?AT !RE BE L&1 BECAUSE !RE IS L&1 & ?AT IT BE DI/RIBUT$1 BECAUSE !Y JU/ SAID ?AT !Y W]E NOT GO+ TO GIVE ANY MORE \T40 .<#a#d.> 

,AS WE HAVE SE5 L& OCCUPATIONS >E A REALITY BUT ! RHETORIC BEH9D !M IS MO/ (T5 BAS$ ON ! OCCUPI]S BE+ ! LEGTIMATE [N]S ( ! L& RA!R !N ON '! L& TO ?OSE :O WORK IT'4 0,WE1 :O HAVE BE5 ,E,Z,L,N SUPPORT BASES S9CE ! YE> ( #a#i#i#d1 HAVE RECOV]$ ?IS L&1 :I* WAS PREVI\SLY CALL$ ,SAN ,JAC9TO BY ! [N]1 BUT N[ WE >E ! TRUE [N]S40 .<#a#b.> 

,& \TSIDE ( ! QUE/ION ( L& OCCUPATIONS 9 ,*IAPAS ! ,E,Z,L,N HAVE BE5 SIL5T ON ! ECONOMIC QUE/ION4 ,:ILE !Y HAVE SUPPORT$ SOME /RIKES 9 ! CITIES !Y HAVE NOT PUT =W>D ANY IDEAS ON H[ ! RELATION%IP ( WORK]S TO ! FACTORIES MI<T DEVELOP 9 ! FUTURE4 ,SU* WORK]S1 9DIG5\S OR NOT1 CAN'T CLAIM TO BE ! ORIG9AL [N]S ( ! FACTORIES 7AL?\< !Y CAN PO9T \T ?AT ! WORK+ CLASS BUILT !M74 

,! REVOLUTION>Y LAWS PRODUC$ BY ! ,E,Z,L,N ON ,JANU>Y #a/ #aiid .<#c.> CANNOT BE CALL$ ANTI-CAPITALI/4 ,!Y RE/RICT BUT /ILL V]Y MU* ALL[ = WAGE LABOR1 R5T & EV5 MULTI NATIONAL 9VE/M5T4 ,= EXAMPLE ! LAW ?AT 0 ,=EIGN COMPANIES WILL PAY !IR WORK]S AN H\RLY SAL>Y 9 NATIONAL MONEY EQUIVAL5T TO :AT W\LD BE PAY$ 9 DOLL>S \TSIDE ! C\NTRY40 .<#b#i.> :ILE A BIG /EP =W>D = MANY ,MEXICAN WORK]S H>DLY AM\NTS TO ! ABOLITION ( CAPITALISM4 

,P]HAPS ! SIMPLE REASON IS ?AT ! ,ZAPATI/AS DON'T WI% TO BE A VANGU>D 9 ANY S5SE ( ! WORD & SO >E WAIT+ = A PROGRAM = ! URBAN C5T]S & FACTORIES TO EM]GE FROM ?OSE :O LIVE & WORK !RE4 ,OR P]HAPS !Y >E WORRI$ ?AT AT ?IS /AGE ( ! TRANS=MATION TO TALK ( ECONOMIC DEMOCRACY 9 ! CITIES W\LD SIMPLY S]VE TO ALI5ATE SOME ( !IR SUPPORT]S4 

,! FIR/ ( !SE TWO OPTIONS IS ! MORE ACCEPTABLE BUT IT ALSO CONTA9S ITS [N DANG]S4 ,DUR+ ! ,MEXICAN REVOLUTION IT WAS PRECISELY SU* A LACK ( CL>ITY ?AT 5ABL$ ! GOV]NM5T ( ,C>RANZA TO MOBILIZE ! AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ UNIONS ( ! ,CASA AGA9/ ! RURAL ,ZAPATI/AS4 ,! ,FOX GOV]NM5T :I* HAS ! ADVANTAGE ( BE+ ABLE TO CLAIM TO HAVE 5D$ ! ONE P>TY /ATE WILL NO D\BT SEEK TO USE ?IS CR$IBILITY TO ISOLATE ! ,ZAPATI/AS FROM ! WORK]S 9 ! CITIES4 ,IF WE ACCEPT IT WAS PRIM>LY ! 5ORM\S MOBILIZATIONS ( URBAN WORK]S & /UD5TS ?AT /OPP$ ! GOV]NM5T C\NT] (F5SIVE ( #aiid & ! (F5SIVE ( ,FEBUR>Y #aiie ! DANG] ( ,FOX SUCE$+ BECOMES CLE>4 

,URBAN ,WORK]S 

,! FEW ,ZAPATI/A COMMUNIQUES DIRECT$ TO WORK]S 9 /RUGGLE T5D TO SUPPORT SU* AN 9T]PRETATION4 ,M>COS WRIT+ TO ! /RIK+ WORK]S ( ,RUTA #a = 9/ANCE SAYS 0,:ATEV] ! \TCOME ( Y\R MOVEM5T1 TODAY Y\ REPRES5T :AT IS BE/ AB\T ! ,MEXICAN WORK+ PEOPLE1 Y\ REPRES5T ! DIGNITY ( ! WORK]S ( ! CITY1 Y\ REPRES5T ! HOPE ( ?AT GREAT REVOLUTION>Y =CE :I* IS ! =CE ( WORK]S AWAK5$ FROM A LONG NI<T 9 :I* ! >ROGANCE ( MONEY1 ! CORRUPTNESS ( PHONY LABOR REPRES5TATIVES & ! CRIM9AL ACTION ( ! GOV]NM5T HAVE HELD D[N ALL ,MEXICANS4 

,BE WELL1 WORK]S ( ,RUTA #a4 ,9 \R POV]TY1 !RE IS LITTLE WE CAN GIVE1 BUT WE GIVE IT ) ADMIRATION & RESPECT40.<#c#a.> 

,! ,ZAPATI/AS ORGANIZ$ AN 5C\NT] = TEA*]S /RUGGL+ AGA9/ L[ WAGES & DEMOCRATIC UNIONS 9 ,AUGU/ ( #a#i#i#i4 ,AT ?IS ,M>COS DECL>$ ! ,ZAPATI/AS 0>E ALSO DEMOCRATIC TEA*]S & ELECTRICAL WORK]S & UNIV]SITY /UD5TS & WORK]S 9 ! CITY & ! C\NTRY & >TI/S & 9TELLECTUALS & RELIGI\S M5 & WOM5 & NEI<BORS & HOMOSEXUALS & LESBIANS & ORD9>Y WOM5 & M5 & *ILDR5 & OLD ONES1 ?AT IS1 REBELS1 DISSID5TS1 9CONV5I5T ONES1 DREAM]S4 

,BECAUSE ( ?AT1 ! MO/ IMPORTANT ?+ WE ZAPATI/AS WANT TO ASK Y\ IS TO SEE US AS ANO!R DEMOCRATIC UNION SECTION4 ,?AT Y\ DO NOT SEE US AS SOMEONE :O MU/ BE HELP$1 POOR ?+S1 \T ( PITY1 \T ( ALMS1 \T ( *>ITY4 

,WE WANT Y\ TO SEE US AS Y\R COMPAN]OS1 AS BE+ AS WILL+ AS ANYONE TO MOBILIZE & TO SUPPORT ! TEA*]S /RUGGLES4 ,NOT ONLY BECAUSE Y\R DEM&S >E JU/ & BECAUSE Y\ >E GOOD & HONE/ P]SONS1 BUT ALSO1 & ABOVE ALL1 BECAUSE !Y >E \R DEM&S AS WELL4 

,BECAUSE NO?+ WILL BE COMPLETE NOR F9I%$ IF TEA*]S CONT9UE TO BE OPPRESS$ BY PRO-MANAGEM5T UNIONS1 IF BAD LABOR CONDITIONS CONT9UE -- & ! L[ SAL>IES -- 1 IF $UCATION CONT9UES TO BRE$ OPPRESS$ & OPPRESSORS1 IF S*OOL CONT9UES TO BE -- = MILLIONS ( ,MEXICANS -- AS DI/ANT AS DIGNIFI$ H\S+1 A FAIR WAGE1 A PIECE ( L&1 5\< FOOD1 FULL HEAL?1 FRE$OM ( ?\<T & ASSOCIATION1 POPUL> DEMOCRACY1 AU!NTIC 9DEP5D5CE & TRUE PEACE4 

,N[1 TAK+ ADVANTAGE ( ! FACT ?AT Y\ >E H]E1 WE WANT TO ASK SOME?+ SPECIAL ( Y\4 ,WE WANT TO ASK Y\ TO SUPPORT ! /UD5T MOVEM5T AT ! ,U,N,A,M & ! /RUGGLE ( ! ,MEXICAN ,ELECTRICIANS ,UNION4 ,! ONE IS AGA9/ ! PRIVATIZATION ( $UCATION1 & ! O!R AGA9/ ! PRIVATIZATION ( ! ELECTRICAL 9DU/RY40 .<#c#b.> 

,! CLE>E/ APPEAL = UNITY ) ! WORK]S IS CONTA9$ 9 ! ,C,C,R,I'S #a/ ( ,MAY /ATEM5T FROM #a#i#i#e4 0,! WORK]S ?AT BUILD ?IS C\NTRY BLE$ FROM ?REE W\NDS4 ,! P[]FUL BLE$ !M ) UNJU/ SAL>IES1 HUMILIATIONS1 & ?REATS4 ,! HEADS ( ! GREAT C5TRAL GOV]NM5T UNIONS BLE$ ! WORK]S ) EXTORTIONS1 BEAT+S1 & DEA?4 ,?OSE :O SELL ! C\NTRY BLE$ ! WORK]S ) ! DISPAT*ES ( USURPATION1 WRIT+ ! LAWS ?AT !IR TREASON DICTATES4 

,LET Y\R VOICE RUN TOGE!R ) \RS4444 ,ACCEPT ?IS H& ?AT Y\R SMALLE/ BRO!RS & SI/]S (F] Y\4 ,?REE =CES %\LD UNITE !IR PA?S3 ! =CE ( ! WORK]S1 ! =CE ( ! CAMPES9OS1 ! POPUL> =CE4 ,) !SE ?REE =CES !RE WILL BE NO?+ TO DETA9 US4 

444 

,RECEIVE \R VOICE1 :I*1 AL?\< F> AWAY1 SAYS3 0,GREET+S1 WORK]S ( ! SEA & ( ! L&6 ,! ,ZAPATI/AS FOLL[ Y\ 9 !IR /RUGGLES6 ,) Y\ !RE WILL BE A C\NTRY & FUTURE = ALL SOME DAY6 ,)\T Y\1 NI<T WILL CONT9UE TO RULE !SE L&S60.<#c#c.> 

,!SE /ATEM5TS DEMON/RATE ?AT ! ,ZAPATI/AS RECOGNIZE A COMMON /RUGGLE ) URBAN WORK]S 9 ,MEXICO 7& ! OPPRESS$ EV]Y:]E74 ,! FACT ?AT HAVE DONAT$ CONSID]ABLE RES\RCES 9 HOLD+ GA!R+S = RADICAL /UD5TS & TEA*]S AS WELL AS ! ,AM]ICAN & 9T]CONT95TAL 5C\NT]S %[S !Y TAKE BUILD+ SU* L9KS V]Y S]I\SLY4 

,A V]Y L5G?Y DISCUSSION1 FROM AN AUTONOMI/ ,M>XI/ P]SPECTIVE1 >\ND !SE PO9TS WAS PUBLI%$ BY ,MIDNI<T ,NOTES AS ,T[>D ! ,NEW ,COMMONS3 ,WORK+ ,CLASS ,/RATEGIES & ! ,ZAPATI/AS4 ,!Y 0?9K ! ,ZAPATI/AS >E /RATEGIZ+ H[ TO UNITE ! #h.0 OR MORE1 & DO+ SO 9 RELATION%IP TO ! EXI/+ & HI/ORICAL CLASS COMPOSITION 9 ,MEXICO & 9 LI<T ( !IR UND]/&+ ( GLOBAL CAPITAL1 9 ORD] TO HELP OV]COME CAPITAL4 ,9 ?IS CONTEXT1 & IF IT IS CORRECT ?AT CAPITAL CANNOT N[ 7= AT LEA/ SEV]AL G5]ATIONS7 BE O!R ?AN NEOLIB]AL1 !N ! ACTUAL ,ZAPATI/A PRACTICE & /RATEGY >E 9DE$ ANTI-CAPITALI/40 .<#b#h.> 

,IT IS ALSO NOT IRRELEVANT ?AT GIV5 !IR ,L59I/ ORIG9S ! ,ZAPATI/A LEAD]%IP HAVE MADE CLE> ?AT !Y CONSID] ! FAIL+ ( ! EA/]N REGIMES 9 #aihi WAS ! FAILURE ( SOCIALISM4 ,!Y HAVE T5D$ TO /E] V]Y CLE> ( TRADITIONAL SOCIALI/ RHETORIC4 ,BUT IT DOES MAKE Y\ WOND] H[ !Y C\LD SEE SU* A SY/EM AS SOCIALISM :5 IT WAS SO CLE>LY A TOP D[N DICTATOR%IP4 ,ALL ! MORE SO :5 AS E>LY AS #aiah ,L59 MADE NO SECRET ! IMM$IATE GOAL ( ! ,BOL%EVIK GOV]NM5T WAS ! CREATION ( /ATE CAPITALISM4 

,:I* LEAD]%IP8 

,!RE >E TWO MEAN+S TO ! WORD LEAD]%IP4 ,! FIR/ ONE IS :]E A P]SON OR ORGANIZATION IS PUT 9 A POSITION ( AU?ORITY OV] O!RS & CAN !RE=E TELL !M :AT TO DO4 ,?IS IS ! SORT ( LEAD]%IP EX]CIS$ BY ELECT$ POLITICANS4 ,! SECOND :I* IS (T5 CONFUS$ ) ! FIR/ IS :]E ! P]SON OR GR\P HAS NO P[] OV] O!RS BUT !Y >E RECOGNIZ$ AS AN 'AU?ORITY' 9 A GIV5 >EA & SO PEOPLE >E WILL+ TO TRY :AT !Y SUGGE/4 ,AN>*I/S REF] TO ?IS AS BE+ A 'LEAD]%IP ( IDEAS'4 ,9 REALITY ! ,ZAPATI/AS >E ALREADY ?IS K9D ( LEAD]%IP 7:E!R !Y WANT TO BE OR NOT7 NOT ONLY 9 ,MEXICO BUT ALSO ELSE:]E 9 ! WORLD4 

,9 ?AT CONTEXT P]HAPS ! ,ZAPATI/AS NE$ TO MOVE FROM SIMPLY SUPPORT+ ! /RUGGLES ( O!RS TO SUGGE/+ ! WAYS 9 :I* ?OSE /RUGGLES C\LD BE ORGANIZ$ & :AT !IR GOALS %\LD BE4 ,TO SOME EXT5T !Y HAVE DONE ?IS1 AS = 9/ANCE 9 ! #bND ,DECL>ATION ( ,REALITY4 ,BUT IT IS ALMO/ C]TA9LY TRUE ?AT IF !Y W]E TO />T TO DO ?IS 9 ,MEXICO !IR SUGGE/IONS W\LD ALMO/ C]TA9LY CREATE A DEBATE 9 :I* ?OSE :O ALREADY AGREE ) !IR ME?OD 9 ! CITIES C\LD ORGANIZE4 

,! P[] ( ! ,ZAPATATI/AS IS ! P[] ( EXAMPLE4 ,!IR ME?ODS ( ORGANIZATION >E RADICALLY DIFF]5T FROM :AT HAS BECOME ! NORM 9 TRADE UNIONS1 COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS & LEFT GR\PS4 ,!IR REJECTION ( SEIZ+ P[] IS RADICALLY DIFF]5T FROM ! PROJECT ( MU* ( ! LEFT1 A PROJECT ?AT SEES REVOLUTION>Y ACTION MORE 9 T]MS ( PAP] SELL+ & 'VOT+ LEFT ) NO ILLUSIONS' !N ORD9>Y PEOPLE TAK+ P[] 9TO !IR [N H&S4 

,9 HOLD+ ! ,ZAPATI/AS UP AS AN EXAMPLE WE MU/ ALSO PO9T \T ! NE$ TO GO BEYOND ! PO9T !Y HAVE REA*$4 ,\R SOLID>ITY ) !M MU/ REMA9 CRITICAL1 9 P>TICUL> ( ! PO9TS !Y HAVE YET TO MAKE CLE> OR P]HAPS EV5 DECIDE ON4 ,! ,ZAPATI/AS REPRES5T ONE EXAMPLE ( A DIFF]5T WAY ( DO+ ?+S1 NOT ! SOLE MODEL TO BE BL9DLY FOLL[$4 

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