,:AT IS ,GOV]NM5T8 ,:AT IS ,GOD8 

#ahdi 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PI]RE-,JOSEPH ,PR\DHON 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY BIX5TRO1,C,C ,B,Y ,LIC5SE  
,:AT IS ,GOV]NM5T8 ,:AT IS ITS PR9CIPLE1 ITS OBJECT1 ITS RI<T8 -- ,?IS IS 9CONTE/ABLY ! FIR/ QUE/ION ?AT ! POLITICAL MAN POSES TO HIMSELF4 

,N[1 ?IS QUE/ION1 :I* APPE>S SO SIMPLE & ! SOLUTION ( :I* SEEMS SO EASY1 WE F9D ?AT FAI? ALONE CAN ANSW]4 ,PHILOSOPHY IS AS 9CAPABLE ( DEMON/RAT+ ,GOV]NM5T AS IT IS ( PROV+ ,GOD4 ,AU?ORITY1 LIKE ,DIV9ITY1 IS NOT A MATT] ( KN[+2 IT IS1 ,I REPEAT1 A MATT] ( FAI?4 

,?AT 9SI<T1 SO P>ADOXICAL AT FIR/ GLANCE1 & YET SO TRUE1 M]ITS SOME DEVELOPM5T4 ,WE >E GO+ TO TRY1 )\T ANY SIGNIFICANT SCI5TIFIC APP>ATUS1 TO MAKE \RSELVES UND]/OOD4 

,! PR9CIPAL ATTRIBUTE1 ! SIGNAL TRAIT ( \R SPECIES1 AFT] ,?,\,<,T1 IS BELIEF1 & ABOVE ALL ?+S1 ! BELIEF 9 ,GOD4 ,AMONG ! PHILOSOPH]S1 SOME SAW 9 ?AT FAI? 9 A SUP]IOR ,BE+ A PR]OGATIVE ( HUMANITY1 :ILE O!RS DISCOV]$ !RE ONLY ITS WEAKNESS4 ,:ATEV] !RE IS ( M]IT OR DEM]IT 9 ! BELIEF 9 ! IDEA ( ,GOD1 IT IS C]TA9 ?AT ! BEG9N+ ( ALL METAPHYSICAL SPECULATION IS AN ACT ( WOR%IP ( ! ,CREATOR3 IT IS ?AT :I* ! HUMAN M9D1 AMONG ALL ! ,PEOPLES1 RECORDS 9 AN 9V>IABLE MANN]4 

,BUT :AT IS ,GOD8 ,?AT IS :AT ! PHILOSOPH] & ! BELIEV] IMM$IATELY1 & ) AN IRRESI/IBLE MOVEM5T1 DEM&4 ,&1 AS A COROLL>Y TO ?AT FIR/ 9T]ROGATION1 ?IS ONE >ISES IMM$IATELY3 ,:AT1 ( ALL ! RELIGIONS1 IS ! BE/8 ,9DE$1 IF !RE EXI/S A ,BE+ SUP]IOR TO ,HUMANITY1 !RE MU/ ALSO EXI/ A SY/EM ( RELATIONS BETWE5 ?AT ,BE+ & ,HUMANITY3 :AT !N IS ?AT SY/EM8 ,! SE>* = ! BE/ RELIGION IS ! SECOND /EP ?AT ! HUMAN M9D MAKES 9 ,REASON & ,FAI?4 

,TO ?IS D\BLE QUE/ION1 NO RESPONSE IS POSSIBLE4 ,! DEF9ITION ( ,DIV9ITY ESCAPES ! 9TELLIG5CE4 ,HUMANITY HAS BE5 BY TURNS FETI%I/1 IDOLAT]1 ,*RI/IAN & ,BUDDHI/1 ,JEW & ,MOHAMM$AN1 DEI/ & PAN!I/3 IT HAS WOR%IP$ 9 TURN PLANTS1 ANIMALS1 />S1 ! HEAV5S1 ! S\L ( ! WORLD1 &1 F9ALLY1 ITSELF3 IT HAS W&]$ FROM SUP]/ITION TO SUP]/ITION1 )\T MANAG+ TO DET]M9E ITS ,GOD4 ,! PROBLEM ( ! ATTRIBUTES & ESS5CE ( ,GOD & ( ! WOR%IP ?AT IS PROP] TO HIM1 LIKE A TRAP SET = HIS IGNORANCE1 TORM5TS ,HUMANITY FROM ITS ORIG94 ,! ,PEOPLES >E SACRIFIC$ = !IR IDOLS1 SOCIETY IS EXHAU/$ BY ! ELABORATION ( ITS BELIEFS1 )\T ! SOLUTION BE+ ADVANC$ A /EP4 

,! DEI/ & ! PAN!I/1 LIKE ! ,*RI/IAN & ! IDOLAT]1 IS R$UC$ TO PURE FAI?4 ,ONE C\LD EV5 SAY1 & IT IS ! ONLY PROGRESS WE HAVE MADE 9 ?IS /UDY1 ?AT IT IS REPUGNANT TO REASON TO KN[ & UND]/& ,GOD3 IT IS ONLY GIV5 TO US TO BELIEVE4 ,& ?IS IS :Y 9 ALL ]AS1 & UND] ALL RELIGIONS1 WE 5C\NT] A SMALL NUMB] ( M51 BOLD] 9 APPE>ANCE ?AN ! O!RS1 :O1 NOT UND]/&+ ,GOD1 HAVE TAK5 ! P>T ( D5Y+ HIM3 WE HAVE GIV5 !M ! NAME ( FREE SPIRITS OR A!I/S4 

,BUT IT IS CLE> ?AT A!ISM IS /ILL LESS LOGICAL ?AN FAI?4 ,! BASIC1 CONCLUSIVE FACT ( ! SPONTANE\S BELIEF 9 ! SUPREME ,BE+ REMA9+ ALWAYS1 & ! PROBLEM IMPLI$ BY ?AT FACT 9EVITABLY POS+ ITSELF1 A!ISM C\LD NOT BE ACCEPT$ AS A SOLUTION4 ,F> FROM TE/IFY+ TO ! /R5G? ( ! M9D1 IT W\LD ONLY PROVE ITS DESP]ATION4 ,IT IS ) A!ISM AS IT IS ) SUICIDE3 IT HAS ONLY BE5 EMBRAC$ BY ! SMALLE/ NUMB]4 ,! ,PEOPLE HAVE ALWAYS HAD A HORROR ( IT6 

,?+S W]E ?US4 ,HUMANITY SEEM$ ET]NALLY PLAC$ BETWE5 AN 9SOLUBLE QUE/ION & AN IMPOSSIBLE NEGATION1 :51 AT ! 5D ( ! LA/ C5TURY1 A PHILOSOPH]1 ,KANT1 AS REM>KABLE = HIS PR(\ND PIETY1 AS = ! 9COMP>ABLE P[] ( HIS REFLECTION1 REALIZ$ H[ TO ATTACK ! !OLOGICAL PROBLEM 9 AN 5TIRELY NEW MANN]4 

,HE NO LONG] ASK$ HIMSELF1 AS EV]YONE HAD BE=E HIM3 ,:AT IS ,GOD8 & :AT IS ! TRUE RELIGION8 ,FROM A QUE/ION ( FACT HE MADE A QUE/ION ( =M1 & HE SAID TO HIMSELF3 ,:Y DOES IT HAPP5 ?AT ,I BELIEVE 9 ,GOD8 ,H[1 BY VIRTUE ( :AT IS ?AT IDEA PRODUC$ 9 MY M9D8 ,:AT IS ITS PO9T ( DEP>TURE & ITS DEVELOPM5T8 ,:AT >E ITS TRANS=MATIONS1 &1 IF NE$ BE1 ITS DECL9E8 ,H[1 F9ALLY1 IS IT ?AT1 9 ! RELIGI\S S\L1 ! ?+S1 ! IDEAS1 COME TO BE8 

,SU* WAS ! C\RSE ( /UDIES PROPOS$1 ON ,GOD & ,RELIGION1 BY ! PHILOSOPH] ( ,KO5IGSB]G4 ,R5\NC+ FUR!R PURSUIT ( ! CONT5T1 OR ! REALITY ( ! IDEA ( ,GOD1 HE SET HIMSELF TO WRIT+1 IF ,I D>E PUT IT 9 ?IS WAY1 ! BIOGRAPHY ( ?AT IDEA4 ,9/EAD ( TAK+1 LIKE AN AN*ORITE1 ! IDEA ( ,GOD = ! OBJECT ( HIS M$ITATIONS1 HE ANALYZ$ ! FAI? 9 ,GOD1 AS A RELIGI\S P]IOD ( SIX ?\S& YE>S PRES5T$ IT TO HIM4 ,9 %ORT1 HE CONSID]$ 9 RELIGION1 NOT AN EXT]NAL & SUP]NATURAL REVELATION ( ! 9F9ITE ,BE+1 BUT A PH5OM5ON ( \R UND]/&+4 

,FROM ?IS MOM5T ! SPELL WAS BROK53 ! MY/]Y ( RELIGION WAS REVEAL$ TO PHILOSOPHY4 ,:AT WE SEEK & :AT WE SEE 9 ,GOD1 AS ,MALEBRAN*E SAID1 IS NOT AT ALL ?AT BE+1 OR TO SPEAK MORE FAIRLY1 ?AT *IM]ICAL 5TITY1 ?AT \R IMAG9ATION CON/ANTLY 5L>GES1 & ?AT1 BY ! V]Y FACT ?AT IT MU/ BE AFT] ALL ! NOTION ?AT \R M9D MAKES ( IT1 CANNOT 9 REALITY BE ANY?+3 IT IS \R [N IDEAL1 ! PURE ESS5CE ( ,HUMANITY4 

,:AT ! !OLOGIAN PURSUES1 )\T KN[+ IT1 9 ! DOGMA ?AT HE TEA*ES1 IS NOT ! MY/]IES ( ! 9F9ITE3 IT IS ! LAWS ( \R COLLECTIVE & 9DIVIDUAL SPONTANEITY4 ,! HUMAN S\L DOES NOT P]CEIVE ITSELF AT FIR/ BY REFLECTIVE CONTEMPLATION ON ITSELF1 AS ! PSY*OLOGI/ BELIEVE2 IT P]CEIVES ITSELF \TSIDE ITSELF1 AS IF IT WAS A DIFF]5T BE+ PLAC$ 9 FRONT ( IT3 IT IS ?AT MIRROR IMAGE ?AT IT CALLS ,GOD4 

,?US1 MORALS1 JU/ICE1 ORD]1 LAWS1 >E NO LONG] ?+S REVEAL$ FROM ON HI<1 IMPOS$ ON \R FREE WILL BY A SO-CALL$ CREATOR1 UNKN[N1 UN9TELLIGIBLE2 !Y >E ?+S ?AT >E AS PROP] & ESS5TIAL AS \R FACULTIES & ORGANS1 AS \R FLE% & BLOOD4 ,9 %ORT3 ,RELIGION & ,SOCIETY >E SYNONYM\S T]MS2 ,MAN IS SACR$ P\R HIMSELF AS IF HE WAS ,GOD4 ,CA?OLICISM & ,SOCIALISM1 ID5TICAL AT BASE1 DIFF] ONLY 9 =M3 9 ?IS WAS WE EXPLA9 FAI?1 & ! PRIMITIVE FACE ( ! BELIEF 9 ,GOD1 & ! 9DISPUTABLE PROGRESS ( ! RELIGIONS4 

,N[1 :AT ,KANT DID NE>LY SIXTY YE>S AGO = ,RELIGION2 :AT HE HAD PREVI\SLY DONE = ,C]TA9TY2 :AT O!RS BE=E HIM HAD ATTEMPT$ = ,HAPP9ESS OR ! ,SOV]EIGN ,GOOD1 ! ,VOIX DU ,PEUPLE PROPOSES TO UND]TAKE = ,GOV]NM5T4 

,AFT] ! BELIEF 9 ,GOD1 ?AT :I* OCCUPIES ! MO/ PROM95T PLACE 9 ! G5]AL ?\<T IS ! BELIEF 9 ,AU?ORITY4 ,EV]Y:]E ?AT !RE >E M5 GR\P$ 9 SOCIETY1 WE 5C\NT]1 ) ! RUDIM5TS ( A RELIGION1 ! RUDIM5TS ( P[]1 ! EMBRYO ( A GOV]NM5T4 ,?AT FACT IS AS BASIC1 AS UNIV]SAL1 AS 9DISPUTABLE AS ?AT ( ! RELIGIONS4 

,BUT :AT IS ,P[]1 & :AT IS ! BE/ =M ( ,GOV]NM5T8 = IT IS CLE> ?AT IF WE MANAGE TO UND]/& ! ESS5CE & ATTRIBUTES ( P[]1 WE WILL KN[ AT ! SAME TIME ! BE/ =M TO GIVE TO IT1 :AT IS1 ( ALL ! CON/ITUTIONS1 ! MO/ P]FECT4 ,WE W\LD HAVE1 9 ?IS WAY1 RESOLV$ ONE ( ! TWO GREAT PROBLEMS POS$ BY ! ,FEBRU>Y ,REVOLUTION3 WE W\LD HAVE RESOLV$ ! POLITICAL PROBLEM1 PR9CIPLE1 MEANS & 5D1 -- WE DO NOT PREJUDGE ANY?+1 -- ( ECONOMIC RE=M4 

,WELL6 ,ON ,GOV]NM5T1 AS ON ,RELIGION1 ! CONTROV]SY HAS 5DUR$ S9CE ! ORIG9 ( SOCIETIES1 & ) AS LITTLE SUCCESS4 ,IT IS = GOV]NM5TS AS = RELIGIONS1 = POLITICAL !ORIES AS = SY/EMS ( PHILOSOPHY3 ?AT IS TO SAY1 !RE IS NO SOLUTION4 ,MORE ?AN TWO ?\S& YE>S BE=E ,MONTESQUIEU & ,MA*IAVELLI1 ,>I/OTLE GA!R$ ! V>I\S DEF9ITIONS ( GOV]NM5T1 DI/+UI%+ !M ACCORD+ TO !IR =MS3 PATRI>*IES1 DEMOCRACIES1 OLIG>*IES1 >I/OCRACIES1 ABSOLUTE MON>*IES1 CON/ITUTIONAL MON>*IES1 !OCRACIES1 F$]ATIVE REPUBLICS1 ETC4 ,HE DECL>$1 9 %ORT1 ?AT ! PROBLEM WAS 9SOLUBLE4 ,>I/OTLE1 ) REG>D TO GOV]NM5T1 AS ) REG>D TO RELIGION1 WAS A SKEPTIC4 ,HE HAD FAI? NEI!R 9 ,GOD NOR 9 ! ,/ATE4 

,& WE :O1 9 SIXTY YE>S1 HAVE GONE ?R\< SEV5 OR EI<T K9DS ( GOV]NM5TS2 :O1 H>DLY 5T]$ 9TO ! ,REPUBLIC1 >E ALREADY WE>Y ( \R ,CON/ITUTION2 WE1 = :OM ! EX]CISE ( P[] HAS ONLY BE51 FROM ! CONQUE/ ( ! ,GAULS BY ,JULIUS ,CES> UNTIL ! M9I/RY ( ! BRO!RS ,B>ROT1 ! PRACTICE ( OPPRESSION & TYRANNY2 WE1 F9ALLY1 :O WITNESS 9 ?IS MOM5T ! SATURNALIA ( ! GOV]NM5TS ( ,EUROPE1 DO WE !N HAVE MORE FAI? ?AN ,>I/OTLE8 ,ISN'T IT TIME ?AT WE GET \T ( ?IS UNHAPPY RUT1 & 9/EAD ( EXHAU/+ \RSELVES ANY MORE 9 ! SE>* =T ! BE/ GOV]NM5T1 ! BE/ ORGANIZATION TO MAKE ( ! POLITICAL IDEA1 WE %\LD POSE ! QUE/ION1 NO LONG] ( ! REALITY1 BUT ( ! LEGITIMACY ( ?AT IDEA8 

,:Y DO WE BELIEVE 9 ,GOV]NM5T8 ,FROM :]E1 9 HUMAN SOCIETY1 COMES ?AT IDEA ( ,AU?ORITY1 ( ,P[]2 ?AT FICTION ( A SUP]IOR ,P]SON1 CALL$ ! ,/ATE8 

,H[ IS ?AT FICTION PRODUC$8 ,H[ IS IT DEVELOP$8 ,:AT IS ITS LAW ( EVOLUTION1 ITS ECONOMY8 

,WON'T IT BE ) ,GOV]NM5T AS ) ,GOD & ! ,ABSOLUTE1 :I* HAVE SO LONG & SO FRUITLESSLY OCCUPI$ ! PHILOSOPH]S8 ,W\LD ?IS NOT /ILL BE ON ( ! FIR/-BORN CONCEPTIONS ( \R UND]/&+1 :I* WE WRONGLY GIVE ! NAME ( IDEAS1 & ?AT1 )\T REALITY1 )\T POSSIBILITY ( REALIZATION1 EXPRESSES ONLY SOME?+ 9DEF9ITE1 :I* ONLY HAS TYRANNY = ITS ESS5CE8 

,& !N1 RELATIVE TO ,GOD & ,RELIGION1 WE HAVE ALREADY F\ND1 BY PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS1 ?AT B5EA? ! ALLEGORIES ( ITS RELIGI\S MY?S1 ,HUMANITY PURSUES NO?+ O!R ?AN ITS [N IDEAL1 C\LD WE /ILL SEEK :AT WE WANT B5EA? ! ALLEGORY ( ITS POLITICAL MY?S8 ,= 9 ! 5D1 ! POLITICAL 9/ITUTIONS1 SO DIFF]5T1 SO CONTRADICTORY1 EXI/ NEI!R = !MSELVES1 NOR BY !MSELVES2 LIKE ! CULTS1 !Y >E NOT ESS5TIAL TO SOCIETY1 !Y >E HYPO!TICAL =MULAS OR COMB9ATIONS1 BY MEANS ( :I* CIVILIZATION MA9TA9S AN APPE>ANCE ( ORD]1 OR TO PUT IT BETT]1 SEEKS ORD]4 ,:AT !N1 ONCE AGA91 IS ! SECRET MEAN+ ( !SE 9/ITUTIONS1 ! REAL REASON :Y ! POLITICAL CONCEPT1 ! NOTION ( GOV]NM5T1 COMES TO NO?+8 

,9 %ORT1 9/EAD ( SEE+ 9 GOV]NM5T1 ) ! ABSOLUTI/S1 ! ORGAN & EXPRESSION ( SOCIETY2 ) ! DOCTR9AIRES1 AN 9/RUM5T ( ORD]1 OR RA!R ( POLICY2 ) ! RADICALS1 A MEANS ( REVOLUTION3 LET US TRY TO SEE SIMPLY A PH5OM5ON ( ! COLLECTIVE LIFE1 ! EXT]NAL REPRES5TATION ( \R RI<T1 ! $UCATION ( SOME ONE ( \R FACULTIES4 ,:O KN[S IF WE C\LD NOT DISCOV] !N ?AT ALL !SE GOV]NM5TAL =MULAS1 = :I* ! ,PEOPLES & CITIZ5S HAVE SLIT EA* O!RS' ?ROATS = SIXTY C5TURIES1 >E ONLY A PHANTASMAGORIA ( \R M9D1 ?AT ! FIR/ DUTY ( A FREE REASON IS TO RETURN TO ! MUSEUMS & LIBR>IES8 

,SU* IS ! QUE/ION POS$ & RESOLV$ 9 ! ,CONFESSIONS ( A ,REVOLUTION>Y1 & ( :I* ! ,VOIX DU ,PEUPLE PROPOSES1 ) ! AID ( FACTS FURNI%$ TO IT BY ! P[] & ! P>TIES :O DISPUTE IT1 TO GIVE DAILY COMM5T>Y4 

,JU/ LIKE ,RELIGION1 ,GOV]NM5T IS A MANIFE/ATION ( SOCIAL SPONTANEITY1 A PREP>ATION ( ,HUMANITY = A HI<] /ATE4 

,:AT ,HUMANITY SEEKS 9 ,RELIGION1 & CALLS ,GOD1 IS ITSELF4 

,:AT ! CITIZ5 SEEKS 9 ,GOV]NM5T & NAMES ,K+1 ,EMP]OR OR ,PRESID5T1 IS ALSO HIMSELF1 IT IS ,LIB]TY4 

,)\T ,HUMANITY1 NO ,GOD2 ! !OLOGICAL CONCEPT MAKES NO S5SE3 -- ,)\T ,LIB]TY1 NO ,GOV]NM5T2 ! POLITICAL CONCEPT IS )\T VALUE4 

,! BE/ =M ( ,GOV]NM5T1 LIKE ! MO/ P]FECT ( RELIGIONS1 TAK5 9 ! LIT]AL S5SE1 IS A CONTRADICTORY IDEA4 ,! PROBLEM IS NOT TO KN[ H[ WE WILL BE GOV]N$ BE/1 BUT H[ WE WILL BE ! MO/ FREE4 ,LIB]TY SUITABLE & ID5TICAL TO ORD]1 ?AT IS ALL ?AT P[] & POLITICS REALLY CONTA94 ,H[ IS ?AT ABSOLUTE LIB]TY1 SYNONYM ( ORD]$1 CON/ITUT$8 ?AT IS :AT ! ANALYSIS ( ! DIFF]5T =MULAS ( AU?ORITY WILL TEA* US4 ,= ALL ! RE/1 WE DO NOT ACCEPT ! GOV]NM5T ( MAN BY MAN1 ANY MORE ?AN ! EXPLOITATION ( MAN BY MAN444 

,?US1 ! M>* ?AT WE PROPOSE TO FOLL[1 9 TREAT+ ! POLITICAL QUE/ION & 9 PREP>+ ! MAT]IALS = A CON/ITUTIONAL REVISION1 WILL BE ! SAME ?AT WE HAVE FOLL[$ UP TO ?IS DAY 9 TREAT+ ! SOCIAL QUE/ION4 ,LA ,VOIX DU ,PEUPLE1 9 COMPLET+ ! WORK ( ! TWO J\RNALS ?AT PREC$$ IT1 WILL BE FAI?FUL TO !IR W&]+S4 

,:AT %\LD WE SAY1 9 !SE TWO PAP]S1 FALL5 ONE AFT] ! O!R UND] ! BL[S ( ! REACTION & ! /ATE ( SIEGE8 

,WE %\LD NOT AS1 AS \R PR$ECESSORS & ASSOCIATES HAVE ?US F>3 

,:AT IS ! BE/ SY/EM ( COMMUNITY8 ! BE/ ORGANIZATION ( PROP]TY8 ,OR BETT] /ILL3 ,IS PROP]TY OR COMMUNITY WOR? MORE8 ! !ORY ( ,SA9T-,SIMON OR ?AT ( ,F\RI]8 ! SY/EM ( ,L\IS ,BLANC OR ?AT ( ,CABET8 

,FOLL[+ ! EXAMPLE ( ,KANT1 :O %\LD POSE ! QUE/ION 9 ?IS WAY3 

,H[ DOES MAN POSSESS8 ,H[ DOES HE ACQUIRE PROP]TY8 ,H[ IS IT LO/8 ,:AT IS ! LAW ( ITS EVOLUTION & TRANS=MATION8 ,:]E IS IT GO+8 ,:AT DOES IT WANT8 ,:AT1 F9ALLY1 DOES IT REPRES5T8 ,= IT APPE>S SUFFICI5TLY1 BY ! 9DISSOLUBLE MIXTURE ( GOOD & EVIL ?AT ACCOMPANIES IT1 BY ! TYRANNY ?AT IS ITS ESS5CE 7JUS UT5DI ET ABUT5DI7 & :I* IS ! CONDITION S9E QUA NON ( ITS :OL5ESS1 ?AT IT IS /ILL1 JU/ LIKE ,RELIGION & ,GOV]NM5T1 ONLY A HYPO!SIS1 OR RA!R1 A HYPOTYPOSIS ( ,SOCIETY1 ?AT IS TO SAY1 AN ALLEGORICAL REPRES5TATION ( A CONCEPTION ( \R 9TELLIG5CE4 

,H[1 NEXT1 DOES MAN LABOR8 ,H[ DO WE E/ABLI% ! COMP>ISON ( PRODUCTS8 ,H[ WILL CIRCULATION TAKE PLACE 9 SOCIETY8 ,ON :AT CONDITIONS8 ,ACCORD+ TO :AT LAWS8 

,& ! CONCLUSION ( ALL !SE MONOGRAPHS ON PROP]TY HAS BE5 ?IS3 

,PROP]TY 9DICATES A FUNCTION OR ALLOCATION2 COMMUNITY1 RECIPROCITY ( ACTION3 USURY1 ALWAYS DECREAS+1 ID5TITY ( LABOR & CAPITAL4 

,9 ORD] TO BR+ AB\T ! DIS5GAGEM5T & REALIZATION ( ALL !SE T]MS1 UNTIL N[ %R\D$ B5EA? ! OLD PROPRIET>Y SYMBOLS1 :AT MU/ WE DO8 ,LET ! WORK]S GU>ANTEE WORK & \TLETS TO ONE ANO!R2 TO ?AT 5D1 LET !M ACCEPT1 AS CURR5CY1 !IR RECIPROCAL OBLIGATIONS4 

,WELL6 TODAY WE SAY3 

,POLITICAL LIB]TY WILL RESULT = US1 LIKE 9DU/RIAL LIB]TY1 FROM \R MUTUAL GU>ANTEE4 ,IT IS BY GU>ANTEE+ LIB]TY TO ONE ANO!R1 ?AT WE WILL PASS FROM ?IS GOV]NM5T1 :OSE PURPOSE IS TO SYMBOLIZE ! REPUBLICAN MOTTO3 ,LIB]TY1 ,EQUALITY1 ,FRAT]NITY1 LEAV+ TO \R 9TELLIG5CE ! C>E TO F9D ITS REALIZATION4 ,N[1 :AT IS ! =MULA ( ?AT POLITICAL & LIB]AL GU>ANTEE8 PRES5TLY1 UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE1 LAT]1 FREE CONTRACT444 

,ECONOMIC & SOCIAL RE=M1 BY ! MUTUAL GU>ANTEE ( CR$IT2 

,POLITICAL RE=M1 BY ! COMM]CE ( 9DIVIDUAL LIB]TIES2 

,SU* IS ! PROGRAM ( ! ,VOIX DU ,PEUPLE4 

,! ,REVOLUTION ADVANCES1 CRI$ AN ABSOLUTI/ PAP] YE/]DAY1 ) REG>D TO ! MESSAGE ( ,L\IS ,BONAP>TE4 ,?OSE PEOPLE SEE ! ,REVOLUTION ONLY 9 CATA/ROPHES & C\PS D'ETAT4 ,WE SAY 9 \R TURN3 ,YES1 ! ,REVOLUTION ADVANCE1 = IT HAS F\ND 9T]PRET]S4 ,\R /R5G? MAY FALL %ORT ( ! TASK2 \R DEVOTION1 NEV]6 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #e1 #ahdi 3 ,:AT IS ,GOV]NM5T8 ,:AT IS ,GOD8 -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JULY #b1 #bai 3 ,:AT IS ,GOV]NM5T8 ,:AT IS ,GOD8 -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #c1 #bbb 3 ,:AT IS ,GOV]NM5T8 ,:AT IS ,GOD8 -- ,UPDAT$4 

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