,*APT] #bd 
,:Y ,REVOLUTION8 

#aibiaibi 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN 

,TEXT 3 

,LET US RETURN TO Y\R QUE/ION1 0,H[ WILL ,AN>*Y COME8 ,CAN WE HELP BR+ IT AB\T80 

,?IS IS A MO/ IMPORTANT PO9T1 BECAUSE 9 EV]Y PROBLEM !RE >E TWO VITAL ?+S3 FIR/1 TO KN[ CLE>LY JU/ :AT Y\ WANT2 SECOND1 H[ TO ATTA9 IT4 

,WE ALREADY KN[ :AT WE WANT4 ,WE WANT SOCIAL CONDITIONS :]E9 ALL WILL BE FREE & :]E EA* %ALL HAVE ! FULLE/ OPPORTUNITY TO SATISFY HIS NE$S & ASPIRATIONS1 ON ! BASIS ( EQUAL LIB]TY = ALL4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 WE >E /RIV+ = ! FREE COOP]ATIVE COMMONWEAL? ( ,COMMUNI/ ,AN>*ISM4 

,H[ WILL IT COME AB\T8 

,WE >E NOT PROPHETS1 & NO ONE CAN TELL JU/ H[ A ?+ WILL HAPP54 ,BUT ! WORLD DOES NOT EXI/ S9CE YE/]DAY2 & MAN1 AS A REASONABLE BE+1 MU/ B5EFIT BY ! EXP]I5CE ( ! PA/4 

,N[1 :AT IS ?AT EXP]I5CE8 ,IF Y\ GLANCE OV] HI/ORY Y\ WILL SEE ?AT ! :OLE LIFE ( MAN HAS BE5 A /RUGGLE = EXI/5CE4 ,9 HIS PRIMITIVE /ATE MAN F\<T S+LE-H&$ ! WILD BEA/S ( ! =E/1 & HELPLESSLY HE FAC$ HUNG]1 COLD1 D>KNESS1 & /ORM4 ,BECAUSE ( HIS IGNORANCE ALL ! =CES ( NATURE W]E HIS 5EMIES3 !Y WORK$ EVIL & DE/RUCTION TO HIM1 & HE1 ALONE1 WAS P[]LESS TO COMBAT !M4 ,BUT LITTLE BY LITTLE MAN LE>N$ TO COME TOGE!R ) O!RS ( HIS K9D2 TOGE!R !Y S\<T SAFETY & SECURITY4 ,BY JO9T EF=T !Y PRES5TLY BEGAN TO TURN ! 5]GIES ( NATURE TO !IR S]VICE4 ,MUTUAL HELP & COOP]ATION GRADUALLY MULTIPLI$ MAN'S /R5G? & ABILITY TILL HE HAS SUCCE$$ 9 CONQU]+ NATURE1 9 APPLY+ H] =CES TO HIS USE1 9 *A9+ ! LI<TN+1 BRIDG+ OCEANS1 & MA/]+ EV5 ! AIR4 

,SIMIL>LY ! PRIMITIVE MAN'S IGNORANCE & FE> MADE LIFE A CONT9U\S /RUGGLE ( MAN AGA9/ MAN1 ( FAMILY AGA9/ FAMILY1 ( TRIBE AGA9/ TRIBE1 UNTIL M5 REALIZ$ ?AT BY GETT+ TOGE!R1 BY JO9T EF=T & MUTUAL AID1 !Y C\LD ACCOMPLI% MORE ?AN BY /RIFE & 5MITY4 ,MOD]N SCI5CE %[S ?AT EV5 ANIMALS HAD LE>N$ ?AT MU* 9 ! /RUGGLE = EXI/5CE4 ,C]TA9 K9DS SURVIV$ BECAUSE !Y QUIT FI<T+ EA* O!R & LIV$ 9 H]DS1 & 9 ?AT WAY W]E BETT] ABLE TO PROTECT !MSELVES AGA9/ O!R BEA/S4#a ,9 PROPORTION AS M5 SUB/ITUT$ JO9T EF=T & COOP]ATION 9 PLACE ( MUTUAL /RUGGLE1 !Y ADVANC$1 GREW \T ( B>B>ISM1 & BECAME CIVILIZ$4 ,FAMILIES :I* HAD =M]LY F\<T EA* O!R TO ! DEA? COMB9$ & =M$ ONE COMMON GR\P2 GR\PS JO9$ & BECAME TRIBES1 & TRIBES F$]AT$ 9TO NATIONS4 ,! NATIONS /ILL /UPIDLY KEEP ON FI<T+ EA* O!R1 BUT GRADUALLY !Y >E ALSO LE>N+ ! SAME LESSON1 & N[ !Y >E BEG9N+ TO LOOK = A WAY TO /OP ! 9T]NATIONAL SLAU<T] KN[N AS W>4 

,UN=TUNATELY 9 \R SOCIAL LIFE WE >E YET 9 A CONDITION ( B>B>ISM1 DE/RUCTIVE & FRATRICIDAL3 GR\P /ILL COMBATS GR\P1 CLASS FI<TS AGA9/ CLASS4 ,BUT H]E ALSO M5 >E BEG9N+ TO SEE ?AT IT IS A S5SELESS & RU9\S W>F>E1 ?AT ! WORLD IS BIG & RI* 5\< TO BE 5JOY$ BY ALL1 LIKE ! SUN%9E1 & ?AT A UNIT$ MANK9D W\LD ACCOMPLI% MORE ?AN ONE DIVID$ AGA9/ ITSELF4 

,:AT IS CALL$ PROGRESS IS JU/ ! REALIZATION ( ?IS1 A /EP 9 ?AT DIRECTION4 

,! :OLE ADVANCE ( MAN CONSI/S 9 ! /RIV+ = GREAT] SAFETY & PEACE1 = MORE SECURITY & WELF>E4 ,MAN'S NATURAL IMPULSE IS T[>D MUTUAL HELP & JO9T EF=T1 HIS MO/ 9/9CTIVE LONG+ IS = LIB]TY & JOY4 ,!SE T5D5CIES SEEK TO EXPRESS & ASS]T !MSELVES 9 SPITE ( ALL OB/ACLES & DIFFICULTIES4 ,! LESSON ( ! 5TIRE HI/ORY ( MAN IS ?AT NEI!R HO/ILE NATURAL =CES NOR HUMAN OPPOSITION CAN HOLD BACK HIS ONW>D M>*4 ,IF ,I W]E ASK$ TO DEF9E CIVILIZATION 9 A S+LE PHRASE ,I %\LD SAY ?AT IT IS ! TRIUMPH ( MAN OV] ! P[]S ( D>KNESS1 NATURAL & HUMAN4 ,! 9IMICAL =CES ( NATURE WE HAVE CONQU]$1 BUT WE /ILL HAVE TO FI<T ! D>K P[]S ( M54 

,HI/ORY FAILS TO %[ A S+LE IMPORTANT SOCIAL IMPROVEM5T MADE )\T MEET+ ! OPPOSITION ( ! DOM9ANT P[]S -- ! *UR*1 GOV]NM5T1 & CAPITAL4 ,NOT A /EP =W>D BUT WAS A*IEV$ BY BREAK+ D[N ! RESI/ANCE ( ! MA/]S4 ,EV]Y ADVANCE HAS CO/ A BITT] /RUGGLE4 ,IT TOOK MANY LONG FI<TS TO DE/ROY SLAV]Y2 IT REQUIR$ REVOLTS & UPRIS+S TO SECURE ! MO/ FUNDAM5TAL RI<TS = ! PEOPLE2 IT NECESSITAT$ REBELLIONS & REVOLUTIONS TO ABOLI% FEUDALISM & S]FDOM4 ,IT NE$$ CIVIL W>F>E TO DO AWAY ) ! ABSOLUTE P[] ( K+S & E/ABLI% DEMOCRACIES1 TO CONQU] MORE FRE$OM & WELL-BE+ = ! MASSES4 ,!RE IS NOT A C\NTRY ON E>?1 NOT AN EPO* 9 HI/ORY1 :]E ANY GREAT SOCIAL EVIL WAS ELIM9AT$ )\T A BITT] /RUGGLE ) ! P[]S ?AT BE4 ,9 REC5T DAYS IT AGA9 TOOK REVOLUTIONS TO GET RID ( ,CZ>DOM 9 ,RUSSIA1 ( ! ,KAIS] 9 ,G]MANY1 ! ,SULTAN 9 ,TURKEY1 ! MON>*Y 9 ,*9A1 & SO ON1 9 V>I\S L&S4 

,!RE IS NO RECORD ( ANY GOV]NM5T OR AU?ORITY1 ( ANY GR\P OR CLASS 9 P[] HAV+ GIV5 UP ITS MA/]Y VOLUNT>ILY4 ,9 EV]Y 9/ANCE IT REQUIR$ ! USE ( =CE1 OR AT LEA/ ! ?REAT ( IT4 

,IS IT REASONABLE TO ASSUME ?AT AU?ORITY & WEAL? WILL EXP]I5CE A SUDD5 *ANGE ( HE>T1 & ?AT !Y WILL BEHAVE DIFF]5TLY 9 ! FUTURE ?AN !Y HAD 9 ! PA/8 

,Y\R COMMON S5SE WILL TELL Y\ ?AT IT IS A VA9 & FOOLI% HOPE4 ,GOV]NM5T & CAPITAL WILL FI<T TO RETA9 P[]4 ,!Y DO IT EV5 TO-DAY AT ! LEA/ M5ACE TO !IR PRIVILEGES4 ,!Y WILL FI<T TO ! DEA? = !IR EXI/5CE4 

,?AT IS :Y IT IS NO PROPHECY TO =ESEE ?AT SOME DAY IT MU/ COME TO A DECISIVE /RUGGLE BETWE5 ! MA/]S ( LIFE & ! DISPOSSESS$ CLASSES4 

,AS A MATT] ( FACT1 ?AT /RUGGLE IS GO+ ON ALL ! TIME4 

,!RE IS A CONT9U\S W>F>E BETWE5 CAPITAL & LABOR4 ,?AT W>F>E G5]ALLY PROCE$S )9 SO-CALL$ LEGAL =M4 ,BUT EV5 !SE ]UPT N[ & !N 9 VIOL5CE1 AS DUR+ /RIKES & LOCK\TS1 BECAUSE ! >M$ FI/ ( GOV]NM5T IS ALWAYS AT ! S]VICE ( ! MA/]S1 & ?AT FI/ GETS 9TO ACTION ! MOM5T CAPITAL FEELS ITS PR(ITS ?REAT5$3 !N IT DROPS ! MASK ( 0MUTUAL 9T]E/S0 & 0P>TN]%IP0 ) LABOR & RESORTS TO ! F9AL >GUM5T ( EV]Y MA/]1 TO CO]CION & =CE4 

,IT IS !RE=E C]TA9 ?AT GOV]NM5T & CAPITAL WILL NOT ALL[ !MSELVES TO BE QUIETLY ABOLI%$ IF !Y CAN HELP IT2 NOR WILL !Y MIRACUL\SLY 0DISAPPE>0 ( !MSELVES1 AS SOME PEOPLE PRET5D TO BELIEVE4 ,IT WILL REQUIRE A REVOLUTION TO GET RID ( !M4 

,!RE >E ?OSE :O SMILE 9CR$UL\SLY AT ! M5TION ( REVOLUTION4 0,IMPOSSIBLE60 !Y SAY CONFID5TLY4 ,SO DID ,L\IS ,X,V,I & ,M>IE ,ANTO9ETTE ( ,FRANCE ?9K ONLY A FEW WEEKS BE=E !Y LO/ !IR ?RONE TOGE!R ) !IR HEADS4 ,SO DID ! NOBILITY AT ! C\RT ( ,CZ> ,NI*OLAS ,I,I BELIEVE ON ! V]Y EVE ( ! UPHEAVAL ?AT SWEPT !M AWAY4 0,IT DOESN'T LOOK LIKE REVOLUTION10 ! SUP]FICIAL OBS]V] >GUES4 ,BUT REVOLUTIONS HAVE A WAY ( BREAK+ \T :5 IT 0DOESN'T LOOK LIKE IT40 ,! MORE F>-SEE+ MOD]N CAPITALI/S1 H[EV]1 DO NOT SEEM WILL+ TO TAKE ANY *ANCES4 ,!Y KN[ ?AT UPRIS+S & REVOLUTIONS >E POSSIBLE AT ANY TIME4 ,?AT IS :Y ! GREAT CORPORATIONS & BIG EMPLOY]S ( LABOR1 P>TICUL>LY 9 ,AM]ICA1 >E BEG9N+ TO 9TRODUCE NEW ME?ODS CALCULAT$ TO S]VE AS LI<TN+ RODS AGA9/ POPUL> DISAFFECTION & REVOLT4 ,!Y 9ITIATE BONUSES = !IR EMPLOYES1 PR(IT %>+1 & SIMIL> ME?ODS DESIGN$ TO MAKE ! WORK] MORE SATISFI$ & F9ANCIALLY 9T]E/$ 9 ! PROSP]ITY ( HIS 9DU/RY4 ,!SE MEANS MAY TEMPOR>ILY BL9D ! PROLET>IAN TO HIS TRUE 9T]E/S1 BUT DO NOT BELIEVE ?AT ! WORK] WILL =EV] REMA9 CONT5T ) HIS WAGE SLAV]Y EV5 IF HIS CAGE BE SLI<TLY GILD$ FROM TIME TO TIME4 ,IMPROV+ MAT]IAL CONDITIONS IS NO 9SURANCE AGA9/ REVOLUTION4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! SATISFACTION ( \R WANTS CREATES NEW NE$S1 GIVES BIR? TO NEW DESIRES & ASPIRATIONS4 ,?AT IS HUMAN NATURE1 & ?AT'S :AT MAKES IMPROVEM5T & PROGRESS POSSIBLE4 ,LABOR'S DISCONT5T IS NOT TO BE *OK$ D[N ) AN EXTRA PIECE ( BREAD1 EV5 IF IT BE BUTT]$4 ,?AT IS :Y !RE IS MORE CONSCI\S & ACTIVE REVOLT 9 ! 9DU/RIAL C5T]S ( BETT]-SITUAT$ ,EUROPE ?AN 9 BACKW>D ,ASIA & ,AFRICA4 ,! SPIRIT ( MAN =EV] YE>NS = GREAT] COM=T & FRE$OM1 & IT IS ! MASSES :O >E ! TRUE/ BE>]S ( ?IS 9C5TIVE TO FUR!R ADVANCEM5T4 ,! HOPE ( MOD]N PLUTOCRACY TO =E/ALL REVOLUTION BY ?R[+ A FATT] BONE TO ! TOIL] N[ & !N IS ILLUSORY & BASELESS4 ,! NEW POLICIES ( CAPITAL MAY SEEM TO APPEASE LABOR = A :ILE1 BUT ITS ONW>D M>* CANNOT BE /OPP$ BY SU* MAKE%IFTS4 ,! ABOLITION ( CAPITALISM IS 9EVITABLE1 9 SPITE ( ALL S*EMES & RESI/ANCE1 & IT WILL BE ACCOMPLI%$ ONLY BY REVOLUTION4 

,A REVOLUTION IS SIMIL> TO ! /RUGGLE ( MAN AGA9/ NATURE4 ,S+LE-H&$ HE IS P[]LESS & CANNOT SUCCE$2 BY ! AID ( HIS FELL[-M5 HE TRIUMPHS OV] ALL OB/ACLES4 

,CAN ! 9DIVIDUAL WORK] ACCOMPLI% ANY?+ AGA9/ ! BIG CORPORATION8 ,CAN A SMALL LABOR UNION COMPEL ! L>GE EMPLOY] TO GRANT ITS DEM&S8 ,! CAPITALI/ CLASS IS ORGANIZ$ 9 ITS FI<T AGA9/ LABOR4 ,IT /&S TO REASON ?AT A REVOLUTION CAN BE F\<T SUCCESSFULLY ONLY :5 ! WORK]S >E UNIT$1 :5 !Y >E ORGANIZ$ ?R\<\T ! L&2 :5 ! PROLET>IAT ( ALL C\NTRIES WILL MAKE A JO9T EF=T1 = CAPITAL IS 9T]NATIONAL & ! MA/]S ALWAYS COMB9E AGA9/ LABOR 9 EV]Y BIG ISSUE4 ,?AT IS :Y1 = 9/ANCE1 ! PLUTOCRACY ( ! :OLE WORLD TURN$ AGA9/ ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,AS LONG AS ! PEOPLE ( ,RUSSIA MEANT ONLY TO ABOLI% ! ,CZ>1 9T]NATIONAL CAPITAL DID NOT 9T]F]E3 IT DID NOT C>E :AT POLITICAL =M ,RUSSIA W\LD HAVE1 AS LONG AS ! GOV]NM5T W\LD BE B\RGEOIS & CAPITALI/IC4 ,BUT AS SOON AS ! ,REVOLUTION ATTEMPT$ TO DO AWAY ) ! SY/EM ( CAPITALISM1 ! GOV]NM5TS & ! B\RGEOISIE ( EV]Y L& COMB9$ TO CRU% IT4 ,!Y SAW 9 IT A M5ACE TO ! CONT9UANCE ( !IR [N MA/]Y4 

,KEEP ?AT WELL 9 M9D1 MY FRI5D4 ,BECAUSE !RE >E REVOLUTIONS & REVOLUTIONS4 ,SOME REVOLUTIONS *ANGE ONLY ! GOV]NM5TAL =M BY PUTT+ 9 A NEW SET ( RUL]S 9 PLACE ( ! OLD4 ,!SE >E POLITICAL REVOLUTIONS1 & AS SU* !Y (T5 MEET ) LITTLE RESI/ANCE4 ,BUT A REVOLUTION ?AT AIMS TO ABOLI% ! 5TIRE SY/EM ( WAGE SLAV]Y MU/ ALSO DO AWAY ) ! P[] ( ONE CLASS TO OPPRESS ANO!R4 ,?AT IS1 IT IS NOT ANY MORE A M]E *ANGE ( RUL]S1 ( GOV]NM5T1 NOT A POLITICAL REVOLUTION1 BUT ONE ?AT SEEKS TO ALT] ! :OLE *>ACT] ( SOCIETY4 ,?AT W\LD BE A SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,AS SU* IT W\LD HAVE TO FI<T NOT ONLY GOV]NM5T & CAPITALISM1 BUT IT W\LD ALSO MEET ) ! OPPOSITION ( POPUL> IGNORANCE & PREJUDICE1 ( ?OSE :O BELIEVE 9 GOV]NM5T & CAPITALISM4 4 

,H[ IS IT !N TO COME AB\T8 

,F,O,O,T,N,O,T,E,S 

#a,SEE ,MUTUAL ,AID1 BY ,PET] ,KROPOTK94 

7,S\RCE3 ,N[ & ,AFT]3 ,! ,A,B,C ( ,COMMUNI/ ,AN>*ISM1 7REPUBLI%$ AS 0,:AT IS ,COMMUNI/ ,AN>*ISM8071 BY ,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN1 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,VANGU>D ,PRESS1 #a#i#b#i47 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aibh 3 ,*APT] #bd -- ,PUBLICATION4 
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