,*APT] #ag 
,REVOLUTION & ,DICTATOR%IP 

#aibiaibi 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN 

,TEXT 3 

,BECAUSE ! ,REVOLUTION & ! ,BOL%EVIK DICTATOR%IP W]E ?+S ( AN 5TIRELY DIFF]5T & EV5 OPPOSITE NATURE4 ,& H]E IS :]E MO/ PEOPLE MAKE ! GREATE/ MI/AKE 9 CONFUS+ ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION ) ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY & SPEAK+ ( !M AS IF !Y W]E ONE & ! SAME1 :I* EMPHATICALLY !Y >E NOT4 

,?IS WILL BECOME CLE> TO US IF WE COMP>E ! AIMS ( ! ,REVOLUTION ) ! 5DS S\<T BY ! ,BOL%EVIKI4 

,! ,REVOLUTION WAS A MI<TY UPRIS+ AGA9/ OPPRESSION & MIS]Y4 ,IT VOIC$ ! LONG+ ( ! MASSES = LIB]TY & JU/ICE4 ,IT ATTEMPT$ TO DO AWAY ) EV]Y?+ ?AT KEPT MAN 9 SUBJECTION1 MADE HIM A SLAVE & A BEA/ ( BURD54 ,! ,REVOLUTION TRI$ TO E/ABLI% NEW =MS ( LIFE1 CONDITIONS ( REAL EQUALITY & BRO!RHOOD4 

,WE HAVE ALREADY SE5 ?AT ! ,REVOLUTION WAS NOT A SUP]FICIAL *ANGE1 ?AT IT DID NOT /OP ) ! ,FEBRU>Y EV5TS4 ,! ,CZ> HAD BE5 ABOLI%$ & ! P[] ( HIS AUTOCRACY BROK51 BUT ! RESULT WAS ONLY ANO!R =M ( GOV]NM5T4 ,! ECONOMIC & SOCIAL CONDITIONS REMA9$ ! SAME4 ,YET IT WAS JU/ ?OSE ?AT ! PEOPLE MEANT TO *ANGE4 ,?AT IS :Y ! ,OCTOB] ,REVOLUTION TOOK PLACE4 ,ITS PURPOSE WAS TO REBUILD LIFE ALTOGE!R1 ON NEW SOCIAL F\NDATIONS4 

,H[ WAS IT TO BE REBUILT8 ,IT IS EVID5T ?AT TAK+ ,ROMANOV \T ( ! ,KREML9 PALACE & PUTT+ ,L59 9 HIS ,PLACE W\LD NOT DO IT4 ,SOME?+ MORE WAS NECESS>Y4 ,IT WAS NECESS>Y TO GIVE ! SOIL TO ! PEASANT1 TO PUT ! FACTORIES 9 ! H&S ( ! WORK]S & !IR LABOR ORGANIZATIONS4 ,9 %ORT1 IT WAS ! AIM ( ,OCTOB] TO AF=D ! PEOPLE AN OPPORTUNITY TO MAKE USE ( ! POLITICAL FRE$OM WON 9 ,FEBRU>Y4 

,?AT IS ! WAY ! MASSES SIZ$ UP ! SITUATION4 ,& !Y ACT$ UPON IT4 ,!Y BEGAN TO APPLY LIB]TY TO !IR NE$S4 ,!Y WANT$ PEACE1 SO !Y /OPP$ ! W>1 FIR/ ( ALL4 ,IT WAS MON?S LAT] ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIK ,GOV]NM5T SIGN$ ! ,BRE/-,LITOVSK TREATY & CONCLUD$ AN (FICIAL PEACE ) ,G]MANY4 ,BUT SO F> AS ! ,RUSSIAN >MIES W]E CONC]N$1 W> WAS AT AN 5D LONG BE=E1 )\T DIPLOMATIC NEGOTIATIONS4 ,TROTSKY FRANKLY ADMITS ?IS 9 HIS WORK ON ! ,REVOLUTION4"9"9 #a#i#a#g1 BY ,LEON ,TROTSKY4,M,O,S,C,[1 #a#i#b#e4 

,! ,RUSSIAN WORK]S & PEASANTS1 TEMPOR>ILY 9 SOLDI]S' UNI=MS4 HAD TAK5 MATT]S 9TO !IR [N H&S & T]M9AT$ ! W> BY LEAV+ ! FRONTS4 

,SIMIL>LY DID ! PEASANTRY & ! PROLET>IAT ACT 9 SOLV+ ! 9DU/RIAL & AGR>IAN PROBLEMS4 ,:ILE ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T WAS /ILL DISCUSS+ L& RE=MS1 ! MASSES !MSELVES ACT$1 ?R\< !IR LOCAL C\NCILS & ,SOVIETS ,! PEASANTS TOOK ! L& !Y NE$$ & BEGAN CULTIVAT+ IT4 ,) SIMPLE COMMON S5SE & 9H]5T POPUL> JU/ICE !Y SETTL$ ! AGR>IAN PROBLEM OV] :I* POLITICIANS & LAWGIV]S HAD BE5 BREAK+ !IR BEADS = MANY DECADES )\T RESULT4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKI1 :5 !Y CAME TO P[]1 0LEGALIZ$0 :AT ! PEASANTS HAD ALREADY ACCOMPLI%$ )\T ASK+ ANYBODY'S P]MISSION4 

,9 LIKE MANN] DID ! WORK]S' ,SOVIETS4 />T TO SOLVE ! 9DU/RIAL PROBLEM BY TAK+ OV] ! FACTORIES & M9ES & MANAG+ !M = ! G5]AL B5EFIT 9/EAD ( = ! PR(IT ( ! 0[N]S40 ,?AT WAS ACTUAL ABOLITION ( CAPITALISM & WAGE SLAV]Y1 LONG BE=E ! ,BOL%EVIK ,GOV]NM5T DECL>$ CAPITALI/ [N]%IP 0LEGALLY0 AT AN 5D4 

,ALL ! O!R PROBLEMS ( EV]YDAY LIFE ! ,REVOLUTION WAS SIMIL>LY SOLV+ BY ! PRACTICAL & DIRECT ACTIVITY ( ! MASSES !MSELVES4 ,COOP]ATIVE ORGANIZATIONS BR\<T CITY & VILLAGE TOGE!R = ! EX*ANGE ( PRODUCTS2 H\SE ,COMMITTEES LOOK$ AFT] ! H\S+ QUE/ION2 /REET & DI/RICT COMMITTEES W]E ORGANIZ$ = ! SAFETY ( ! CITY1 

& O!R VOLUNT>Y BODIES W]E =M$ = ! DEF5SE ( ! PEOPLE'S 9T]E/S & ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 

,! REQUIREM5TS ( ! SITUATION DIRECT$ ! EF=TS ( ! MASSES2 LIB]TY ( ACTION BR\<T 9ITIATIVE 9TO PLAY1 & ! WANTS ( ! PEOPLE %AP$ !IR CREATIVE CAPACITIES TO ! NE$S ( ! H\R4 

,!SE COLLECTIVE ACTIVITIES CON/ITUT$ ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,!Y W]E ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,= 0REVOLUTION0 IS NOT SOME VAGUE ?+ )\T DEF9ITE MEAN+ & PURPOSE2 NOR DOES IT SIGNIFY POLITICAL SC5E %IFT+ OR NEW LEGISLATION4 ,! ACTUAL ,REVOLUTION TOOK PLACE NEI!R 9 ,FEBRU>Y NOR 9 ,OCTOB]1 BUT BETWE5 ?OSE MON?S4 ,IT CONSI/$ 9 ! FREE PLAY & 9T]PLAY ( ! REVOLUTION>Y 5]GIES & EF=TS ( ! PEOPLE1 9 9DEP5D5T POPUL> 9ITIATIVE & CREATIVE WORK1 9SPIR$ BY COMMON NE$ & MUTUAL 9T]E/S4 

,?AT WAS ! SPIRIT & T5D5CY ( ! GREAT ECONOMIC & SOCIAL UPHEAVAL 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,IT SOLV$ PROBLEMS AS !Y >OSE1 ON ! BASIS ( LIB]TY & FREE COOP]ATION4 

,?IS PROCESS ( ! ,REVOLUTION WAS /OPP$ 9 ITS DEVELOPM5T BY ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY SEIZ+ POLITICAL P[] & CON/ITUT+ ITSELF A NEW GOV]NM5T4 

,WE HAVE JU/ SE5 :AT ! AIM ( ! ,REVOLUTION WAS2 WE KN[ :AT ! MASSES ( ,RUSSIA WANT$ & :AT MEANS !Y US$ TO A*IEVE IT4 

,! OBJECTS ( ! ,BOL%EVIKI AS A POLITICAL P>TY1 ON ! O!R H&1 W]E ( AN 5TIRELY DIFF]5T NATURE4 ,AS FRANKLY ADMITT$ BY !MSELVES1 !IR IMM$IATE GOAL WAS A DICTATOR%IP2 ?AT IS1 ! =MATION ( A P[]FUL ,BOL%EVIK ,/ATE :I* %\LD DIRECT ! LIFE & ACTIVITIES ( ! C\NTRY ACCORD+ TO ! VIEWS & !ORIES ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4 

,TO GIVE DUE CR$IT TO ! ,BOL%EVIKI LET ME SAY RI<T H]E ?AT !RE NEV] WAS ANY POLITICAL P>TY MORE DEVOT$ TO ITS CAUSE1 MORE :OLEHE>T$ 9 ITS EF=TS TO ADVANCE IT1 MORE DET]M9$ & 5]GETIC 9 ! A*IEVEM5T ( ITS PURPOSES4 ,BUT ?OSE  PURPOSES W]E 5TIRELY =EIGN TO ! ,REVOLUTION & OPPOS$ TO ITS REAL NE$S4 ,!Y W]E1 9 FACT1 SO CONTR>Y TO ! SPIRIT & AIMS ( ! ,REVOLUTION ?AT !IR A*IEVEM5T MEANT ! DE/RUCTION ( ! ,REVOLUTION ITSELF4 

,NO D\BT ! ,BOL%EVIKI REALLY ?\<T ?AT ONLY BY MEANS ( !IR DICTATOR%IP C\LD ,RUSSIA BE CONV]T$ 9TO A ,SOCIALI/ P>ADISE = ! WORK] & F>M]4 ,9DE$1 AS ,M>XI/S !Y C\LD NOT SEE ?+S 9 ANY O!R WAY4 ,BELIEV]S 9 AN ALL-P[]FUL ,/ATE1 !Y HAD NO CONFID5CE 9 ! PEOPLE2 !Y HAD NO FAI? 9 ! 9ITIATIVE & CREATIVE ABILITY ( ! TOIL]S4 ,!Y DI/RU/$ !M AS A 0MULTI-COLOR$ MOB :I* HAS TO BE =C$ 9TO LIB]TY40 ,!Y AGRE$ ) ! CYNICAL MAXIM ( ,R\SSEAU ?AT ! MASSES 0CAN BE MADE FREE ONLY BY COMPULSION40 

0,PROLET>IAN COMPULSION 9 ALL ITS =MS10 WROTE ,BUKH>91 ! =EMO/ ,COMMUNI/ !ORETICIAN1 0BEG9N+ ) SUMM>Y EXECUTION & 5D+ ) COMPULSORY LABOR IS1 H[EV] P>ADOXICAL IT MAY S\ND1 A ME?OD ( REWORK+ ! HUMAN MAT]IAL ( ! CAPITALI/IC EPO* 9TO ,COMMUNI/ HUMANITY40 

,?AT WAS ! ,BOL%EVIK GOSPEL2 IT WAS ! ATTITUDE ( A P>TY ?AT BELIEV$ A REVOLUTION C\LD BE RUN BY ! ORD]S ( A ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE4 

,:AT FOLL[$ WAS ! LOGICAL \TCOME ( ! ,BOL%EVIK IDEA4 

,CLAIM+ ?AT ONLY ! DICTATOR%IP ( !IR ,P>TY C\LD PROP]LY CONDUCT ! ,REVOLUTION1 !Y B5T ALL 5]GIES TO SECURE ?AT DICTATOR%IP4 ,IT MEANT ?AT !Y HAD TO TAKE ?+S EXCLUSIVELY 9TO !IR [N H&S1 TO HAVE ! DESIGNS ( ! ,P>TY ACCOMPLI%$ AT ANY CO/4 

,WE NE$ NOT GO 9TO ! DETAILS ( ! S*EMES & POLITICAL MANIPULATIONS ( ?OSE DAYS :I* F9ALLY RESULT$ 9 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY GA9+ ! UPP] H&4 ,! IMPORTANT PO9T IS ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKI DID CONTRIVE TO C>RY \T !IR ,PLANS4 ,)9 A FEW MON?S AFT] ! ,OCTOB] ,REVOLUTION1 BY ,APRIL1 #a#i#a#h1 !Y W]E 9 5TIRE CONTROL ( ! GOV]NM5T4 

,BY TAK+ ADVANTAGE ( ! EXCITEM5T ( ! REVOLUTION>Y DAYS & ! 9EVITABLE CONFUSION1 !Y EXPLOIT$ ! SITUATION = !IR [N OBJECTS4 ,!Y US$ ! POLITICAL DIFF]5CES TO R\SE FI]CE P>TY PASSIONS1 RESORT$ TO EV]Y MEANS TO D5\NCE !IR OPPON5TS AS 5EMIES ( ! PEOPLE1 BR&$ !M C\NT]-REVOLUTIONI/S1 & F9ALLY SUCCE$$ 9 DAMN+ !M 9 ! EYES ( ! WORK]S & SOLDI]S4 ,DECL>+ ?AT ! ,REVOLUTION MU/ BE PROTECT$ AGA9/ ?OSE ALLEG$ 5EMIES1 !Y W]E 5ABL$ TO PROCLAIM !IR [N DICTATOR%IP4 ,9 ! NAME ( 0SAY+ ! ,REVOLUTION0 !Y BEGAN ELIM9AT+ ALL O!R REVOLUTION>Y ELEM5TS1 NON-,BOL%EVIK1 FROM POSITIONS ( 9FLU5CE1 F9I%+ BY SUPPRESS+ !M 5TIRELY4 

,IT MU/ BE LEFT TO FUTURE HI/ORIANS TO DET]M9E :E!R ,BOL%EVIK REPRESSION ( ! B\RGEOISIE1 ) :I* !Y />T$ !IR RULE1 WAS NOT M]ELY A MEANS T[>D ! ULT]IOR PURPOSE ( SUPPRESS+ ALL O!R NON-,BOL%EVIK ELEM5TS4 ,= ! ,RUSSIAN B\RGEOISIE WAS NOT DANG]\S TO ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,AS ALREADY EXPLA9$1 IT WAS AN 9SIGNIFICANT M9ORITY1 UNORGANIZ$ & P[]LESS4 ,! REVOLUTION>Y ELEM5TS1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 W]E A REAL OB/ACLE TO ! DICTATOR%IP ( ANY POLITICAL P>TY4 

,BECAUSE DICTATOR%IP W\LD MEET ) ! /RONGE/ OPPOSITION NOT FROM ! B\RGEOISIE BUT FROM ! TRULY REVOLUTION>Y CLASSES :I* CONSID]$ DICTATOR%IP 9IMICAL TO ! BE/ 9T]E/S ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 ! ELIM9ATION ( !SE W\LD !RE=E BE ( PRIME NECESSITY TO ANY POLITICAL P>TY SEEK+ DICTATOR%IP4 ,SU* A POLICY1 H[EV]1 C\LD NOT SUCCESSFULLY BEG9 ) ! SUPPRESSION ( ! REVOLUTIONI/S3 IT W\LD PROVOKE ! DISAPPROVAL & RESI/ANCE ( ! WORK]S & SOLDI]S4 ,IT W\LD HAVE TO BE BEGUN AT ! B\RGEOIS 5D & MEANS F\ND GRADUALLY TO SPREAD ! NET OV] ! O!R ELEM5TS4 ,DI/RU/ & ANTAGONISM W\LD HAVE TO HE WAK5$4 9TOL]ANCE & P]SECUTION /IMULAT$1 POPUL> FE> CREAT$ = ! SAFETY ( ! ,REVOLUTION 9 ORD] TO SECURE ! PEOPLE'S SUPPORT = AN EV]-WID5+ CAMPAIGN ( ELIM9ATION & SUPPRESSION1 = ! 9TRODUCTION ( ! BLOODY H& ( R$ T]ROR 9TO ! LIFE ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 

,BUT AS ,I HAVE SAID1 IT IS ! PLACE ( ! FUTURE HI/ORIAN TO DET]M9E TO :AT EXT5T SU* MOTIVES FA%ION$ ! EV5TS ( ?OSE DAYS4 ,H]E WE >E MORE CONC]N$ ) :AT ACTUALLY HAPP5$4 

,:AT HAPP5$ WAS ?AT BE=E LONG ! ,BOL%EVIKI E/ABLI%$ ! EXCLUSIVE DICTATOR%IP ( !IR ,P>TY4 

0,:AT WAS ?AT DICTATOR%IP10 Y\ ASK1 0& :AT DID IT A*IEVE80 

7,S\RCE3 ,N[ & ,AFT]3 ,! ,A,B,C ( ,COMMUNI/ ,AN>*ISM1 7REPUBLI%$ AS 0,:AT IS ,COMMUNI/ ,AN>*ISM8071 BY ,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN1 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,VANGU>D ,PRESS1 #a#i#b#i47 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
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