,*APT] #b 

#ahigahig 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,LEO ,TOL/OY 

,TRANSLATOR 3 ,AYLM] ,MAUDE 

,TEXT 3 

,= ! PRODUCTION ( EV]Y BALLET1 CIRCUS1 OP]A1 OP]ETTA1 
EXHIBITION1 PICTURE1 CONC]T1 OR PR9T$ BOOK1 ! 9T5SE & 
UNWILL+ LABOR ( ?\S&S & ?\S&S ( PEOPLE IS 
NE$$ AT :AT IS (T5 H>MFUL & HUMILIAT+ WORK4 
,IT W]E WELL IF >TI/S MADE ALL !Y REQUIRE = !MSELVES1 
BUT1 AS IT IS1 !Y ALL NE$ ! HELP ( WORKM51 NOT ONLY TO 
PRODUCE >T1 BUT ALSO = !IR [N USUALLY LUXURI\S MA9T5ANCE4 
,&1 ONE WAY OR O!R1 !Y GET IT2 EI!R ?R\< 
PAYM5TS FROM RI* PEOPLE1 OR ?R\< SUBSIDIES GIV5 BY 
,GOV]NM5T 79 ,RUSSIA1 = 9/ANCE1 9 GRANTS ( MILLIONS ( 
RUBLES TO !AT]S1 CONS]VATOIRES & ACADEMIES74 ,?IS 
MONEY IS COLLECT$ FROM ! PEOPLE1 SOME ( :OM HAVE TO 
SELL !IR ONLY C[ TO PAY ! TAX1 & :O NEV] GET ?OSE 
AES!TIC PLEASURES :I* >T GIVES4 

,IT WAS ALL V]Y WELL = A ,GREEK OR ,ROMAN >TI/1 OR EV5 
= A ,RUSSIAN >TI/ ( ! FIR/ HALF ( \R C5TURY 7:5 
!RE W]E /ILL SLAVES1 & IT WAS CONSID]$ RI<T ?AT !RE 
%\LD BE71 ) A QUIET M9D TO MAKE PEOPLE S]VE HIM & 
HIS >T2 BUT 9 \R DAY1 :5 9 ALL M5 !RE IS AT LEA/ 
SOME DIM P]CEPTION ( ! EQUAL RI<TS ( ALL1 IT IS IMPOSSIBLE 
TO CON/RA9 PEOPLE TO LABOR UNWILL+LY = >T1 )\T 
FIR/ DECID+ ! QUE/ION :E!R IT IS TRUE ?AT >T IS SO 
GOOD & SO IMPORTANT AN AFFAIR AS TO R$EEM ?IS EVIL4 

,IF NOT1 WE HAVE ! T]RIBLE PROBABILITY TO CONSID]1 ?AT 
:ILE FE>FUL SACRIFICES ( ! LABOR & LIVES ( M51 & 
( MORALITY ITSELF1 >E BE+ MADE TO >T1 ?AT SAME >T MAY 
BE NOT ONLY USELESS BUT EV5 H>MFUL4 

#a,& !RE=E IT IS NECESS>Y = A SOCIETY 9 :I* WORKS 
( >T >ISE & >E SUPPORT$1 TO F9D \T :E!R ALL ?AT 
PR(ESSES TO BE >T IS REALLY >T2 :E!R 7AS IS PRESUPPOS$ 
9 \R SOCIETY7 ALL ?AT :I* IS >T IS GOOD2 & :E!R 
IT IS IMPORTANT & WOR? ?OSE SACRIFICES :I* IT NECESSITATES4 
,IT IS /ILL MORE NECESS>Y = EV]Y CONSCI5TI\S 
>TI/ TO KN[ ?IS1 ?AT HE MAY BE SURE ?AT ALL HE DOES 
HAS A VALID MEAN+2 ?AT IT IS NOT M]ELY AN 9FATUATION 
( ! SMALL CIRCLE ( PEOPLE AMONG :OM HE LIVES :I* 
EXCITES 9 HIM ! FALSE ASSURANCE ?AT HE IS DO+ A GOOD 
WORK2 & ?AT :AT HE TAKES FROM O!RS = ! SUPPORT 
( HIS (T5 V]Y LUXURI\S LIFE1 WILL BE COMP5SAT$ = BY 
?OSE PRODUCTIONS AT :I* HE WORKS4 ,& ?AT IS :Y 
ANSW]S TO ! ABOVE QUE/IONS >E ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT 9 
\R TIME4 

,:AT IS ?IS >T1 :I* IS CONSID]$ SO IMPORTANT & 
NECESS>Y = HUMANITY ?AT = ITS SAKE !SE SACRIFICES ( 
LABOR1 ( HUMAN LIFE1 & EV5 ( GOODNESS MAY BE MADE8 

0,:AT IS >T8 ,:AT A QUE/ION6 ,>T IS >*ITECTURE1 
SCULPTURE1 PA9T+1 MUSIC1 & POETRY 9 ALL ITS =MS10 
USUALLY REPLIES ! ORD9>Y MAN1 ! >T AMATEUR1 OR EV5 
! >TI/ HIMSELF1 IMAG9+ ! MATT] AB\T :I* HE IS 
TALK+ TO BE P]FECTLY CLE>1 & UNI=MLY UND]/OOD BY 
EV]YBODY4 ,BUT 9 >*ITECTURE1 ONE 9QUIRES FUR!R1 
>E !RE NOT SIMPLE BUILD+S :I* >E NOT OBJECTS ( 
>T1 & BUILD+S ) >TI/IC PRET5SIONS :I* >E UNSUCCESSFUL 
& UGLY & !RE=E CANNOT BE CONSID]$ AS 
WORKS ( >T8 :]E9 LIES ! *>ACT]I/IC SIGN ( A WORK 
( >T8 

,IT IS ! SAME 9 SCULPTURE1 9 MUSIC1 & 9 POETRY4 ,>T1 
9 ALL ITS =MS1 IS B\ND$ ON ONE SIDE BY ! PRACTICALLY 
USEFUL & ON ! O!R BY UNSUCCESSFUL ATTEMPTS AT >T4 
,H[ IS >T TO BE M>K$ (F FROM EA* ( !SE8 ,! 
ORD9>Y $UCAT$ MAN ( \R CIRCLE1 & EV5 ! >TI/ 
:O HAS NOT OCCUPI$ HIMSELF ESPECIALLY ) AES!TICS1 
#a#aWILL NOT HESITATE AT ?IS QUE/ION EI!R4 ,HE ?9KS ! 
SOLUTION HAS BE5 F\ND LONG AGO1 & IS WELL KN[N TO 
EV]YONE4 

0,>T IS SU* ACTIVITY AS PRODUCES BEAUTY10 SAYS SU* A 
MAN4 

,IF >T CONSI/S 9 ?AT1 !N IS A BALLET OR AN OP]ETTA 
>T8 Y\ 9QUIRE4 

0,YES10 SAYS ! ORD9>Y MAN1 ?\< ) SOME HESITATION1 
0A GOOD BALLET OR A GRACEFUL OP]ETTA IS ALSO >T1 9 SO 
F> AS IT MANIFE/S BEAUTY40 

,BUT )\T EV5 ASK+ ! ORD9>Y MAN :AT DIFF]5TIATES 
! 0GOOD0 BALLET & ! 0GRACEFUL0 OP]ETTA FROM 
!IR OPPOSITES 7A QUE/ION HE W\LD HAVE MU* DIFFICULTY 
9 ANSW]+71 IF Y\ ASK HIM :E!R ! ACTIVITY ( CO/UMI]S 
& HAIRDRESS]S1 :O ORNAM5T ! FIGURES & FACES 
( ! WOM5 = ! BALLET & ! OP]ETTA1 IS >T2 OR ! 
ACTIVITY ( ,WOR?1 ! DRESSMAK]2 ( SC5T-MAK]S & M5-COOKS1 
!N HE WILL1 9 MO/ CASES1 D5Y ?AT !IR ACTIVITY 
BELONGS TO ! SPH]E ( >T4 ,BUT 9 ?IS ! ORD9>Y MAN 
MAKES A MI/AKE1 JU/ BECAUSE HE IS AN ORD9>Y MAN & NOT 
A SPECIALI/1 & BECAUSE HE HAS NOT OCCUPI$ HIMSELF ) 
AES!TIC QUE/IONS4 ,HAD HE LOOK$ 9TO !SE MATT]S1 HE 
W\LD HAVE SE5 9 ! GREAT ,R5AN'S BOOK1 ,M>C ,AURELE1 
A DISS]TATION %[+ ?AT ! TAILOR'S WORK IS >T1 & ?AT 
?OSE :O DO NOT SEE 9 ! ADORNM5T ( WOMAN AN AFFAIR 
( ! HI<E/ >T >E V]Y SMALL-M9D$ & DULL4 0,C'E/ LE 
GR& >T0 SAYS ,R5AN4 ,MOREOV]1 HE W\LD HAVE KN[N 
?AT 9 MANY AES!TIC SY/EMS--= 9/ANCE1 9 ! AES!TICS 
( ! LE>N$ ,PR(ESSOR ,KRALIK1 ,WELTS*ONHEIT1 ,V]SU* 
E9] ALLGEME95 ,A,ES!TIK1 VON ,RI*>D ,KRALIK1 & 9 ,LES 
PROBLEMES DE L',ES!TIQUE ,CONTEMPORA9E1 BY ,GUYAU--! >TS 
( CO/UME1 ( TA/E1 & ( T\* >E 9CLUD$4 

0,ES ,FOLGT NUN E9 ,FUNFBLATT VON ,KUN/51 DIE D] SUBJECTIV5 
,S9NLI*KEIT 5TKEIM50 7,!RE RESULTS !N A P5TAFOLIATE 
( >TS1 GR[+ \T ( ! SUBJECTIVE P]CEPTIONS71 SAYS 
#a#b,KRALIK 7P4 #a#g#e74 0,SIE S9D DIE AS!TIS*E ,BEH&LUNG 
D] FUNF ,S9NE40 7,!Y >E ! AES!TIC TREATM5T ( ! 
FIVE S5SES47 

,!SE FIVE >TS >E ! FOLL[+3-- 

,DIE ,KUN/ DES ,GES*MACKS9NS--,! >T ( ! S5SE ( 
TA/E 7P4 #a#g#e74 

,DIE ,KUN/ DES ,G]U*S9NS--,! >T ( ! S5SE ( SMELL 
7P4 #a#g#g74 

,DIE ,KUN/ DES ,TA/S9NS--,! >T ( ! S5SE ( T\* 
7P4 #a#h74 

,DIE ,KUN/ DES ,GEHORS9NS--,! >T ( ! S5SE ( HE>+ 
7P4 #a#h#b74 

,DIE ,KUN/ DES ,GESI*TS9NS--,! >T ( ! S5SE ( SI<T 
7P4 #a#h#d74 

,( ! FIR/ ( !SE--DIE ,KUN/ DES ,GES*MACKS9NS--HE 
SAYS3 0,MAN HALT ZW> GEWOHNLI* NUR ZWEI OD] HO*/5S 
DREI ,S9NE FUR WURDIG1 D5 ,/(F KUN/L]IS*] ,BEH&LUNG 
ABZUGEB51 AB] I* GLAUBE NUR MIT B$+TEM ,RE*T4 ,I* 
WILL KE9 ALLZUGROSSES ,GEWI*T D>AUF LEG51 DASS D] GEME9E 
,SPRA*GEBRAU* MAN* &]E ,KUN/E1 WIE ZUM ,BEISPIEL DIE 
,KO*KUN/ K5NT40.<#d.> 

,& FUR!R3 0,UND ES I/ DO* GEWISS E9E AS!TIS*E 
,LEI/UNG1 W5N ES D] ,KO*KUN/ GEL+T AUS E9EM ?I]IS*5 
,KADAV] E95 ,GEG5/& DES ,GES*MACKS 9 J$EM ,S9NE ZU 
MA*54 ,D] ,GRUNDSATZ D] ,KUN/ DES ,GES*MACKS9NS 7DIE 
WEIT] I/ ALS DIE SOG5ANNTE ,KO*KUN/7 I/ ALSO DIES]3 ,ES 
SOLL ALLES ,G5IESSB>E ALS ,S9NBILD E9] ,IDEE BEH&ELT W]D5 
UND 9 J$ESMALIGEM ,E9KLANG ZUR AUSZUDRUCK5D5 ,IDEE40.<#e.> 

#a#c,?IS AU?OR1 LIKE ,R5AN1 ACKN[L$GES A ,KO/UMKUN/ 
7,>T ( ,CO/UME7 7P4 #b71 ETC4 

,SU* IS ALSO ! OP9ION ( ! ,FR5* WRIT]1 ,GUYAU1 
:O IS HI<LY E/EEM$ BY SOME AU?ORS ( \R DAY4 ,9 
HIS BOOK1 ,LES PROBLEMES DE L'ES!TIQUE CONTEMPORA9E1 HE 
SPEAKS S]I\SLY ( T\*1 TA/E1 & SMELL AS GIV+1 OR BE+ 
CAPABLE ( GIV+1 ES!TIC IMPRESSIONS3  0,SI LA C\LEUR 
MANQUE AU T\*]1 IL N\S F\RNIT 5 REVAN*E UNE NOTION 
QUE L'OEIL SEUL NE PEUT N\S DONN]1 ET QUI A UNE VALEUR 
ES!TIQUE CONSID]ABLE1 CELLE DU D\X1 DU SOYEUX DU POLI4 
,CE QUI C>ACT]ISE LA BEAUTE DU VEL\RS1 C'E/ SA D\CEUR AU 
T\*] NON MO9S QUE SON BRILLANT4 ,DANS L'IDEE QUE N\S 
N\S FAISONS DE LA BEAUTE D'UNE FEMME1 LE VEL\TE DE SA PEAU 
5TRE COMME ELEM5T ESS5TIEL40 

0,*ACUN DE N\S PROBABLEM5T AVEC UN PEU D'ATT5TION SE 
RAPPELL]A DES J\ISSANCES DU G\T1 QUI \T ETE DE V]ITABLES 
J\ISSANCES ES!TIQUES40.<#f.>  ,& HE REC\NTS H[ A GLASS ( 
MILK DRUNK BY HIM 9 ! M\NTA9S GAVE HIM AES!TIC 
5JOYM5T4 

,SO IT TURNS \T ?AT ! CONCEPTION ( >T AS CONSI/+ 
9 MAK+ BEAUTY MANIFE/ IS NOT AT ALL SO SIMPLE AS IT SEEM$1 
ESPECIALLY N[1 :5 9 ?IS CONCEPTION ( BEAUTY >E 
9CLUD$ \R S5SATIONS ( T\* & TA/E & SMELL1 AS 
!Y >E BY ! LATE/ AES!TIC WRIT]S4 

#a#d,BUT ! ORD9>Y MAN EI!R DOES NOT KN[1 OR DOES NOT 
WI% TO KN[1 ALL ?IS1 & IS FIRMLY CONV9C$ ?AT ALL 
QUE/IONS AB\T >T MAY BE SIMPLY & CLE>LY SOLV$ BY 
ACKN[L$G+ BEAUTY TO BE ! SUBJECT-MATT] ( >T4 ,TO 
HIM IT SEEMS CLE> & COMPREH5SIBLE ?AT >T CONSI/S 9 
MANIFE/+ BEAUTY1 & ?AT A REF]5CE TO BEAUTY WILL 
S]VE TO EXPLA9 ALL QUE/IONS AB\T >T4 

,BUT :AT IS ?IS BEAUTY :I* =MS ! SUBJECT-MATT] 
( >T8 ,H[ IS IT DEF9$8 ,:AT IS IT8 

,AS IS ALWAYS ! CASE1 ! MORE CL\DY & CONFUS$ ! 
CONCEPTION CONVEY$ BY A WORD1 ) ! MORE APLOMB & 
SELF-ASSURANCE DO PEOPLE USE ?AT WORD1 PRET5D+ ?AT 
:AT IS UND]/OOD BY IT IS SO SIMPLE & CLE> ?AT IT IS 
NOT WOR? :ILE EV5 TO DISCUSS :AT IT ACTUALLY 
MEANS4 

,?IS IS H[ MATT]S ( OR?ODOX RELIGION >E USUALLY DEALT 
)1 & ?IS IS H[ PEOPLE N[ DEAL ) ! CONCEPTION 
( BEAUTY4 ,IT IS TAK5 = GRANT$ ?AT :AT IS MEANT BY 
! WORD BEAUTY IS KN[N & UND]/OOD BY EV]YONE4 
,& YET NOT ONLY IS ?IS NOT KN[N1 BUT1 AFT] :OLE 
M\NTA9S ( BOOKS HAVE BE5 WRITT5 ON ! SUBJECT BY ! 
MO/ LE>N$ & PR(\ND ?9K]S DUR+ ONE HUNDR$ 
& FIFTY YE>S 7EV] S9CE ,BAUMG>T5 F\ND$ AES!TICS 9 
! YE> #a#g#e71 ! QUE/ION1 ,:AT IS BEAUTY8 REMA9S TO 
?IS DAY QUITE UNSOLV$1 & 9 EA* NEW WORK ON AES!TICS 
IT IS ANSW]$ 9 A NEW WAY4 ,ONE ( ! LA/ BOOKS ,I 
READ ON AES!TICS IS A NOT ILL-WRITT5 BOOKLET BY ,JULIUS 
,MI?ALT]1 CALL$ ,RATSEL DES ,S*ON5 7,! ,5IGMA ( ! 
,BEAUTIFUL74 ,& ?AT TITLE PRECISELY EXPRESSES ! POSITION 
( ! QUE/ION1 ,:AT IS BEAUTY8 ,AFT] ?\S&S ( 
LE>N$ M5 HAVE DISCUSS$ IT DUR+ ONE HUNDR$ & FIFTY 
YE>S1 ! MEAN+ ( ! WORD BEAUTY REMA9S AN 5IGMA 
/ILL4 ,! ,G]MANS ANSW] ! QUE/ION 9 !IR MANN]1 
?\< 9 A HUNDR$ DIFF]5T WAYS4 ,! PHYSIOLOGI/-AES!TICIANS1 
ESPECIALLY ! ,5GLI%M53 ,H]B]T ,SP5C]1 
#a#e,GRANT ,ALL5 & HIS S*OOL1 ANSW] IT1 EA* 9 HIS [N 
WAY2 ! ,FR5* ECLECTICS1 & ! FOLL[]S ( ,GUYAU & 
,TA9E1 ALSO EA* 9 HIS [N WAY2 & ALL !SE PEOPLE KN[ 
ALL ! PREC$+ SOLUTIONS GIV5 BY ,BAUMG>T51 & ,KANT1 
& ,S*ELL+1 & ,S*ILL]1 & ,FI*TE1 & ,W9CKELMANN1 
& ,LESS+1 & ,HEGEL1 & ,S*OP5HAU]1 & ,H>TMANN1 
& ,S*ASL]1 & ,C\S91 & ,LEVEQUE & O!RS4 

,:AT IS ?IS /RANGE CONCEPTION 0BEAUTY10 :I* SEEMS SO 
SIMPLE TO ?OSE :O TALK )\T ?9K+1 BUT 9 DEF9+ 
:I* ALL ! PHILOSOPH]S ( V>I\S T5D5CIES & DIFF]5T 
NATIONALITIES CAN COME TO NO AGREEM5T DUR+ A C5TURY & 
A HALF8 ,:AT IS ?IS CONCEPTION ( BEAUTY1 ON :I* ! 
DOM9ANT DOCTR9E ( >T RE/S8 

,9 ,RUSSIAN1 BY ! WORD KRASOTA 7BEAUTY7 WE MEAN ONLY 
?AT :I* PLEASES ! SI<T4 ,& ?\< LATT]LY PEOPLE 
HAVE BEGUN TO SPEAK ( 0AN UGLY DE$10 OR ( 0BEAUTIFUL 
MUSIC10 IT IS NOT GOOD ,RUSSIAN4 

,A ,RUSSIAN ( ! COMMON FOLK1 NOT KN[+ =EIGN 
LANGUAGES1 WILL NOT UND]/& Y\ IF Y\ TELL HIM ?AT A 
MAN :O HAS GIV5 HIS LA/ COAT TO ANO!R1 OR DONE ANY?+ 
SIMIL>1 HAS ACT$ 0BEAUTIFULLY10 ?AT A MAN :O HAS 
*EAT$ ANO!R HAS DONE AN 0UGLY0 ACTION1 OR ?AT A SONG 
IS 0BEAUTIFUL40 

,9 ,RUSSIAN A DE$ MAY BE K9D & GOOD1 OR UNK9D & 
BAD4 ,MUSIC MAY BE PLEASANT & GOOD1 OR UNPLEASANT & 
BAD2 BUT !RE CAN BE NO SU* ?+ AS 0BEAUTIFUL0 OR 
0UGLY0 MUSIC4 

,BEAUTIFUL MAY RELATE TO A MAN1 A HORSE1 A H\SE1 A VIEW1 
OR A MOVEM5T4 ,( ACTIONS1 ?\<TS1 *>ACT]1 OR MUSIC1 
IF !Y PLEASE US1 WE MAY SAY ?AT !Y >E GOOD1 OR1 IF !Y 
DO NOT PLEASE US1 ?AT !Y >E NOT GOOD4 ,BUT BEAUTIFUL 
CAN BE US$ ONLY CONC]N+ ?AT :I* PLEASES ! SI<T4 
,SO ?AT ! WORD & CONCEPTION 0GOOD0 9CLUDES ! 
CONCEPTION ( 0BEAUTIFUL10 BUT ! REV]SE IS NOT ! CASE2 
! CONCEPTION 0BEAUTY0 DOES NOT 9CLUDE ! CONCEPTION 
#a#f0GOOD40 ,IF WE SAY 0GOOD0 ( AN >TICLE :I* WE 
VALUE = ITS APPE>ANCE1 WE !REBY SAY ?AT ! >TICLE IS 
BEAUTIFUL2 BUT IF WE SAY IT IS 0BEAUTIFUL10 IT DOES NOT AT 
ALL MEAN ?AT ! >TICLE IS A GOOD ONE4 

,SU* IS ! MEAN+ ASCRIB$ BY ! ,RUSSIAN LANGUAGE1 
& !RE=E BY ! S5SE ( ! PEOPLE1 TO ! WORDS & 
CONCEPTIONS 0GOOD0 & 0BEAUTIFUL40 

,9 ALL ! ,EUROPEAN LANGUAGES1 I4E4 ! LANGUAGES ( ?OSE 
NATIONS AMONG :OM ! DOCTR9E HAS SPREAD ?AT BEAUTY IS 
! ESS5TIAL ?+ 9 >T1 ! WORDS 0BEAU10 0S*ON10 
0BEAUTIFUL10 0BELLO10 ETC41 :ILE KEEP+ !IR MEAN+ ( 
BEAUTIFUL 9 =M1 HAVE COME TO ALSO EXPRESS 0GOODNESS10 
0K9DNESS10 I4E4 HAVE COME TO ACT AS SUB/ITUTES = ! 
WORD 0GOOD40 

,SO ?AT IT HAS BECOME QUITE NATURAL 9 ?OSE LANGUAGES TO 
USE SU* EXPRESSIONS AS 0BELLE AME10 0S*ONE ,G$ANK510 ( 
0BEAUTIFUL DE$40 ,?OSE LANGUAGES NO LONG] HAVE A 
SUITABLE WORD :]E) EXPRESSLY TO 9DICATE BEAUTY ( 
=M1 & HAVE TO USE A COMB9ATION ( WORDS SU* AS 
0BEAU P> LA =ME10 0BEAUTIFUL TO LOOK AT10 ETC41 TO CONVEY 
?AT IDEA4 

,OBS]VATION ( ! DIV]G5T MEAN+S :I* ! WORDS 
0BEAUTY0 & 0BEAUTIFUL0 HAVE 9 ,RUSSIAN ON ! ONE H&1 
& 9 ?OSE ,EUROPEAN LANGUAGES N[ P]MEAT$ BY ?IS 
AES!TIC !ORY ON ! O!R H&1 %[S US ?AT ! WORD 
0BEAUTY0 HAS1 AMONG ! LATT]1 ACQUIR$ A SPECIAL MEAN+1 
NAMELY1 ?AT ( 0GOOD40 

,:AT IS REM>KABLE1 MOREOV]1 IS ?AT S9CE WE ,RUSSIANS 
HAVE BEGUN MORE & MORE TO ADOPT ! ,EUROPEAN VIEW ( 
>T1 ! SAME EVOLUTION HAS BEGUN TO %[ ITSELF 9 \R 
LANGUAGE ALSO1 & SOME PEOPLE SPEAK & WRITE QUITE 
CONFID5TLY1 & )\T CAUS+ SURPRISE1 ( BEAUTIFUL MUSIC 
& UGLY ACTIONS1 OR EV5 ?\<TS2 :]EAS =TY YE>S AGO1 
:5 ,I WAS Y\NG1 ! EXPRESSIONS 0BEAUTIFUL MUSIC0 & 
0UGLY ACTIONS0 W]E NOT ONLY UNUSUAL BUT 9COMPREH5SIBLE4 
#a#g,EVID5TLY ?IS NEW MEAN+ GIV5 TO BEAUTY BY ,EUROPEAN 
?\<T BEG9S TO BE ASSIMILAT$ BY ,RUSSIAN SOCIETY4 

,& :AT REALLY IS ?IS MEAN+8 ,:AT IS ?IS 0BEAUTY0 
AS IT IS UND]/OOD BY ! ,EUROPEAN PEOPLES8 

,9 ORD] TO ANSW] ?IS QUE/ION1 ,I MU/ H]E QUOTE AT 
LEA/ A SMALL SELECTION ( ?OSE DEF9ITIONS ( BEAUTY MO/ 
G5]ALLY ADOPT$ 9 EXI/+ AES!TIC SY/EMS4 ,I ESPECIALLY 
BEG ! READ] NOT TO BE OV]COME BY DULLNESS1 BUT TO READ 
!SE EXTRACTS ?R\<1 OR1 /ILL BETT]1 TO READ SOME ONE ( 
! ]UDITE AES!TIC AU?ORS4 ,NOT TO M5TION ! VOLUM9\S 
,G]MAN AES!TICIANS1 A V]Y GOOD BOOK = ?IS PURPOSE 
W\LD BE EI!R ! ,G]MAN BOOK BY ,KRALIK1 ! ,5GLI% WORK 
BY ,KNI<T1 OR ! ,FR5* ONE BY ,LEVEQUE4 ,IT IS NECESS>Y TO 
READ ONE ( ! LE>N$ AES!TIC WRIT]S 9 ORD] TO =M AT 
FIR/-H& A CONCEPTION ( ! V>IETY 9 OP9ION & ! 
FRI<TFUL OBSCURITY :I* REIGNS 9 ?IS REGION ( SPECULATION2 
NOT1 9 ?IS IMPORTANT MATT]1 TRU/+ TO ANO!R'S 
REPORT4 

,?IS1 = 9/ANCE1 IS :AT ! ,G]MAN AES!TICIAN 
,S*ASL] SAYS 9 ! PREFACE TO HIS FAM\S1 VOLUM9\S1 
& DETAIL$ WORK ON AES!TICS3-- 

0,H>DLY 9 ANY SPH]E ( PHILOSOPHIC SCI5CE CAN WE 
F9D SU* DIV]G5T ME?ODS ( 9VE/IGATION & EXPOSITION1 
AM\NT+ EV5 TO SELF-CONTRADICTION1 AS 9 ! SPH]E ( 
AES!TICS4 ,ON ! ONE H& WE HAVE ELEGANT PHRASEOLOGY 
)\T ANY SUB/ANCE1 *>ACT]IZ$ 9 GREAT P>T BY MO/ 
ONE-SID$ SUP]FICIALITY2 & ON ! O!R H&1 ACCOMPANY+ 
UND5IABLE PR(UNDITY ( 9VE/IGATION & RI*NESS ( 
SUBJECT-MATT]1 WE GET A REVOLT+ AWKW>DNESS ( PHILOSOPHIC 
T]M9OLOGY1 5FOLD+ ! SIMPLE/ ?\<TS 9 AN APP>EL 
( AB/RACT SCI5CE AS ?\< TO R5D] !M WOR?Y TO 
5T] ! CONSECRAT$ PALACE ( ! SY/EM2 & F9ALLY1 
BETWE5 !SE TWO ME?ODS ( 9VE/IGATION & EXPOSITION1 
!RE IS A ?IRD1 =M+1 AS IT W]E1 ! TRANSITION FROM ONE 
TO ! O!R1 A ME?OD CONSI/+ ( ECLECTICISM1 N[ FLAUNT+ 
#a#hAN ELEGANT PHRASEOLOGY & N[ A P$ANTIC ]UDITION4444 
,A /YLE ( EXPOSITION ?AT FALLS 9TO NONE ( !SE ?REE 
DEFECTS BUT IT IS TRULY CONCRETE1 &1 HAV+ IMPORTANT MATT]1 
EXPRESSES IT 9 CLE> & POPUL> PHILOSOPHIC LANGUAGE1 CAN 
NO:]E BE F\ND LESS FREQU5TLY ?AN 9 ! DOMA9 ( 
AES!TICS40.<#g.> 

,IT IS ONLY NECESS>Y1 = 9/ANCE1 TO READ ,S*ASL]'S [N 
BOOK TO CONV9CE ONESELF ( ! JU/ICE ( ?IS OBS]VATION ( 
HIS4 

,ON ! SAME SUBJECT ! ,FR5* WRIT] ,V]ON1 9 ! 
PREFACE TO HIS V]Y GOOD WORK ON AES!TICS1 SAYS1 0,IL N'Y A PAS 
DE SCI5CE1 QUI AIT ETE PLUS QUE L'ES!TIQUE LIVREE AUX REV]IES DES 
METAPHYSICI5S4 ,DEPUIS ,PLATON JUSQU' AUX DOCTR9ES (FICIELLES 
DE NOS JORS1 ON A FAIT DE L'>T JE NE SAIS QUEL AMALGAME DE 
FANTAISIES QU9TESS5CIEES1 ET DE MY/]ES TRANSC5DANTAUX QUI 
TR\V5T LEUR EXPRESSION SUPREME DANS LA CONCEPTION ABSOLUE DU 
,BEAU IDEAL1 PROTOTYPE IMMUABLE ET DIV9 DES *OSES REELLES0 
7,L'ES!TIQUE1 #a#h#g#h1 P4 #e74.<#h.> 

,IF ! READ] WILL ONLY BE AT ! PA9S TO P]USE ! 
FOLL[+ EXTRACTS1 DEF9+ BEAUTY1 TAK5 FROM ! *IEF 
WRIT]S ON AES!TICS1 HE MAY CONV9CE HIMSELF ?AT ?IS 
C5SURE IS ?OR\<LY DES]V$4 

,I %ALL NOT QUOTE ! DEF9ITIONS ( BEAUTY ATTRIBUT$ TO 
! ANCI5TS1--,SOCRATES1 ,PLATO1 ,>I/OTLE1 ETC41 D[N TO 
,PLOT9US1--BECAUSE1 9 REALITY1 ! ANCI5TS HAD NOT ?AT 
CONCEPTION ( BEAUTY SEP>AT$ FROM GOODNESS :I* =MS 
! BASIS & AIM ( AES!TICS 9 \R TIME4 ,BY REF]R+ ! 
#a#iJUDGM5TS ( ! ANCI5TS ON BEAUTY TO \R CONCEPTION ( IT1 
AS IS USUALLY DONE 9 AES!TICS1 WE GIVE ! WORDS ( ! 
ANCI5TS A MEAN+ :I* IS NOT !IRS4.<#i.> 

,FROM 3 ,GUT5B]G4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #ahif 3 ,*APT] #b -- ,PUBLICATION4 

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