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,! ,F,A,I ,TURN$ ,UPSIDE ,D[N 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,/U>T ,*RI/IE 

,TEXT 3 

#b#c3 ,! ,F,A,I ,TURN$ ,UPSIDE ,D[N 

  

,FROM #ba ,JULY ONW>D ! ,F,A,I1 L$ BY ,DIEGO ,ABAD DE ,SANTILLAN1 CEAS$ TO OP]ATE AS AN 9DEP5D5T 5TITY4 ,! TRABAZON & ! ,CIVIL ,W> HAD FUZ$ BO? ORGANIZATIONS 9TO AN 5TITY KN[N AS ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I4 ,H[EV]1 ! %>+ ( P[] ) ! O!R POLITICAL P>TIES1 FIR/ ?R\< ! ,MILITIAS ,COMMITTEE1 !N1 LAT]1 ?R\< ! ,G5]ALITAT & C5TRAL GOV]NM5TS1 ALSO MEANT ! %>+ ( VALUES4 ,IT WAS NOT LONG BE=E ! B\RGEOIS UTILIT>IAN /RATEGY ( EXP$I5CY DISPLAC$ TRADITIONAL AN>*I/ CONC]N = ! VALUES ( SOCIAL JU/ICE4 

,FROM #ba ,JULY ONW>DS1 AS WE HAVE SE51 SOCIAL REVOLUTION WAS REMOV$ FROM ! AG5DA ( ! JO9T ,C,N,T-,F,A,I COMMITTEES4 ,! REVOLUTION>Y EV5TS ?AT W]E1 BY ?AT TIME1 MOV+ 9TO TOP GE> 9 9DU/RY & 9 ! C\NTRYSIDE1 P>TICUL>LY 9 ,>AGON1 W]E IGNOR$4 ,O!R ?AN CALL+ (F ! G5]AL /RIKE DECL>$ ON #ai ,JULY ! HI<] COMMITTEES PROVID$ NO GUIDEL9ES = ! MILITANTS AP>T FROM URG+ A MILIT>Y VICTORY AGA9/ FASCISM 'AT ANY PRICE'4 ,! 'PRICE' WAS ! =MAL R5UNCIATION ( AN>*I/ PR9CIPLES4 ,ON #bg ,JULY FAI/A & ,CATALAN REGIONAL SECRET>Y ,M>IANO ,VAZQUEZ MET ! ,BRITI% CONSUL 9 ,B>CELONA TO PROMISE !M ?AT ! ,C,N,T W\LD PROVIDE GU>DS TO 5SURE ! WORK]S W\LD NOT SOCIALIZE EI<TY-SEV5 COMPANIES 9 :I* ,BRITA9 EXPRESS$ AN 9T]E/4 ,! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I LEAD]%IP GAVE SIMIL> ASSURANCES TO ! REPRES5TATIVES ( O!R NATIONS ?AT !IR 9DU/RIAL & COMM]CIAL 9T]E/S W\LD ALSO BE PROTECT$4 

,HAV+ TAK5 ! UNILAT]AL DECISION TO AB&ON ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM AS ! IMM$IATE OBJECTIVE ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I1 ! LEAD]%IP HAD TO CONV9CE ! BROAD BASE ( ! MEMB]%IP -- & ! 'CONSCI\S M9ORITY' -- ?AT ! IDEALS N\RI%$ BY ?REE G5]ATIONS ( ACTIVI/S 7IDEALS = :I* C\NTLESS MILITANTS HAD DI$1 BE5 TORTUR$ &_/OR SP5T LONG YE>S 9 PRISON71 C\LD NOT BE APPLI$ 9 PRACTICE AGA9/ A BACKDROP ( CIVIL W> & ! HO/ILITY ( 9T]NATIONAL CAPITALISM4 ,! DILEMMA1 AS !Y PRES5T$ IT1 WAS W> OR REVOLUTION4 

,! FIR/ ,REGIONAL ,PL5UM ( ! ,CATALAN ,C,N,T TOOK PLACE ON #i ,AUGU/4 ,!RE WAS NO AG5DA TO BE DISCUSS$ & EI!R ACCEPT$ OR REJECT$ BY ! G5]AL ASSEMBLY2 IT WAS1 RA!R1 AN \TL9+ ( ! REASONS = ! DECISIONS TAK5 TO DATE & ! BLUNT /ATEM5T ?AT ! POLICY ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I WAS N[ 'ANTIFASCI/ UNITY' NOT ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM4 

,! REVOLUTION1 H[EV]1 WAS DEVELOP+ ALONG V]Y DIFF]5T L9ES 9 ! RURAL >EAS ( NEI<BOR+ ,>AGON4 ,:ILE ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I LEAD]S 9 ,CATALONIA W]E URG+ !IR MEMB]S TO GIVE PREC$5CE TO ! W> AGA9/ FASCISM OV] CLASS W>1 AS ?\< !Y W]E 9 SOME WAY DIFF]5T1 ! RURAL WORK]S ( ,>AGON W]E PRESS+ AHEAD ) ! REVOLUTION & EXPRESS+ !IR ANG] & DISCONT5T OP5LY1 SUBJECT+ ! ,B>CELONA-BAS$ LEAD]S TO EMB>RASS+ PUBLIC CRITICISM4 

,! REVOLUTION>Y MOOD ( ! WORK]S WAS EXPRESS$ DUR+ A LOCAL G5]AL ASSEMBLY ( UNIONS AT ,VALD]ROBRES 9 ,T]UEL PROV9CE3  
  

',WE HAVE SAID IT EV]Y:]E1 9CLUD+ 9 ! REGIONAL ASSEMBLY 9 ,CASPE -- WE MU/ NOT =GET :AT HAPP5$ TO \R AN>*I/ COMRADES 9 ,RUSSIA444 ,I DO NOT KN[ :E!R OR NOT ,>AGON IS 9 A POSITION TO IMPLEM5T ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM .<SAID ONE DELEGATE.>4 ,NOR DO ,I KN[ IF ! TIME HAS >RIV$ TO DO AWAY =EV] ) ! PREVI\S \TMOD$ SY/EM4 ,:AT ,I DO KN[ IS ?AT ?R\<\T ,UPP] & ,L[] ,>AGON1 BY UNANIM\S DESIRE & FREE WILL1 COMMUNIT>IAN LIFE IS BE+ ORGANIZ$ )9 ! GREATE/ POSSIBLE LIB]TY4 ,& ALL ?IS )\T ANY TALK ( ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM4' 

',WE W\LD NEV] HAVE BELIEV$ ?AT IT W\LD BE ! V]Y AN>*I/ DAILY ,TI]RA Y ,LIB]TAD1 :I* W\LD ATTEMPT TO D\SE ,>AGON 9 COLD WAT]1 AS OCCURR$ DUR+ ! G5]AL ASSEMBLY 9 ,CASPE ) COMRADE ,M>IANET4 ,IT IS EASY .<TO SAY.> ?AT ! CONF$]AL MEMB]S ( ,>AGON1 ,RIOJA & ,NAV>RE %\LD NOT =GET CONF$]AL TACTICS2 :AT WE HAVE NOT =GOTT51 NOR CAN WE =GET1 IS ?AT WE >E LIV+ A REALITY :I* NO ONE CAN D5Y444 ,9 ,SPA9 IT IS POSSIBLE TO E/ABLI% LIB]TY & JU/ICE1 & WE FIRMLY BELIEVE IT IS TIME TO DEMON/RATE ?IS4 ,?IS IS :AT WE >E DO+1 NEI!R MORE NOR LESS4'.<#b#b#c.>  
  

,! >GUM5TS ( ! W> & ! ?REAT ( 9T]NATIONAL 9T]V5TION C>RI$ ! DAY = ! PROM95T ,CATALAN-C5TRIC ,C,N,T-,F,A,I LEAD]%IP 9 ! >GUM5T OV] REVOLUTION4 ,!RE W]E ?REE DI/9CT PO9TS ( VIEW )9 ! MOVEM5T ON ! QUE/ION ( W> & REVOLUTION4 ,\T ( ! TWO MILLION OR SO MEMB]S ( ! ,C,N,T P]HAPS ONLY #c1 OR SO MI<T HAVE DESCRIB$ !MSELVES AS CONSCI\S AN>*I/S OR AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S4 ,MO/ ( !SE BELIEV$ ! W> W\LD BE OV] 9 A MATT] ( WEEKS4 ,AFT] ALL1 A FEW DAYS HAD BE5 SUFFICI5T TO R\T ! >MY 9 ,B>CELONA1 ,MADRID1 ,VAL5CIA & O!R 9DU/RIAL C5T]S4 ,!Y W]E 5EMIES ( COLLABORATION & CONT9U$ TO BELIEVE 9 ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM AS A MATT] ( PR9CIPLE BUT1 EI!R \T ( DEF]5CE TO ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I LEAD]%IP OR SIMPLY RESIGN+ !MSELVES TO ! '=CE ( CIRCUM/ANCES' & REQUIREM5TS ( ! W> >GUM5T1 ) ! NOTABLE EXCEPTION ( ! ,DEF5SE C\NCIL ( ,>AGON !Y DECID$ TO =EGO IT AS A %ORT-T]M OBJECTIVE4 

,! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I LEAD]S1 ON ! O!R H&1 ANTICIPAT$ A L5G?Y W> & OPPOS$ IMPLEM5T+ ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM UNTIL IT HAD BE5 WON4 ,TO ?IS 5D !Y COMMITT$ !MSELVES TO MA9TA9+ PUBLIC ORD]1 RE/OR+ PRODUCTION & REASSUR+ !IR B\RGEOIS ALLIES & 9T]NATIONAL CAPITALISM ALIKE ?AT !Y HAD NO?+ TO FE> FROM ! AN>*I/S4 ,9 ! NAME ( 'ANTIFASCI/ UNITY' !Y OPT$ = COMPROMISE & ACCOMMODATION ) ! B\RGEOIS & ,M>XI/ P>TIES BUT !IR /RATEGIC REASONS W]E TO PREV5T A VICTORI\S BUT EXHAU/$ ,C,N,T BE+ OV]:ELM$ BY ANO!R POLITICAL =CE :I* HAD BE5 MORE SP>+ ) ITS RES\RCES4 ,IT WAS AN ULTIMATELY CORRUPT+ /RATEGY :I* SOON ABSORB$ ALL !IR 5]GIES1 SEP>AT$ PR9CIPLES FROM PRACTICE1 DI/ANC$ ! MOVEM5T FROM ITS AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ CON/ITUTION1 REMOV$ ! DECISION-MAK+ PROCESS FROM ! RANK & FILE1 & TRANS=M$ :AT HAD BE5 A GREAT WORK+-CLASS 9/RUM5T 9TO JU/ ANO!R OLIG>*IC RE=MI/ SOCIALI/ 9/ITUTION4 

',NATIONAL UNITY'1 ! RALLY+ CRY ( /ATI/S ?R\< ! AGES1 WAS ! BALM ?AT SOO!D ! PA9FUL MEMORIES & EXP]I5CES ( CLASS COLLABORATION OV] ! PREVI\S #e YE>S4 ,POLITICAL 9EXP]I5CE & NAIVETY AS TO ! NATURE & ME*ANICS ( P[] POLITICS1 ) ITS DI/9CTION BETWE5 PRIVATE & PUBLIC MORALITY1 L$ ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I LEAD]S1 9 A SPIRIT ( =GIV5ESS & 9 ! NAME ( ANTI-FASCI/ SOLID>ITY1 TO OV]LOOK ! SY/EMATICALLY REPRESSIVE ROLE PLAY$ BY ! SOCIALI/S & NATIONALI/S UND] ! ,PRIMO DE ,RIV]A DICTATOR%IP & 9 ! E>LY YE>S ( ! ,SECOND ,REPUBLIC1 ITS ANTI-LIB]T>IAN LEGISLATION & ! MORE REC5T BLOODY & UNNECESS>Y SUPPRESSION ( ! PEASANTS ( ,CASAS ,VIEJAS4 ,! WORLD ( POLITICS DEM&$ ! NATURE ( ,MA*IAVELLI'S ,! ,PR9CE4 ,IT WAS A WORLD = :I* ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I LEAD]S W]E UNSUIT$ & UNPREP>$4 ,AL?\< !Y W]E 'LIONS' :O C\LD 'FRI<T5 ! WOLVES'1 !Y HAD NONE ( ! FOX'S KN[L$GE ( ! 'TRAPS & SN>ES' ( POLITICAL LIFE4 ,AS ,MA*IAVELLI OBS]V$ ',?OSE :O SIMPLY HOLD TO ! NATURE ( ! LION DO NOT UND]/& !IR BUS9ESS4'.<#b#b#d.> ,IT DID NOT TAKE !M TOO LONG TO 'UND]/&' ! BUS9ESS1 BUT BY ?AT TIME !IR BUS9ESS WAS SU/A9+ ! /ATE1 NOT OV]?R[+ IT4 

,! ?IRD BODY ( OP9ION WAS ?AT DEF5D$ BY ! 'CONSCI\S M9ORITY' ( >TICULATE SO-CALL$ 'UNCONTROLLABLE' AN>*I/S :O ANTICIPAT$ A L5G?Y W>1 BUT HELD ?AT W> & REVOLUTION W]E 9SEP>ABLE4 ,ONLY A LIB]T>IAN REVOLUTION C\LD F9ALLY DE/ROY FASCISM BECAUSE TO DO SO MEANT DE/ROY+ ! ,/ATE1 S9CE FASCISM WAS ONLY ! ,/ATE 9 A P>TICUL> MODE ( OP]ATION3 ALL ,/ATES TURN TO FASCISM :5 ! ?REAT TO P[] & PRIVILEGE ?AT ! ,/ATE PROTECTS & EMBODIES BECOMES SUFFICI5TLY M5AC+4 ,FASCISM OCCURS :5 PRIVILEGE CAN NO LONG] BE SECUR$ BY VOLUNT>Y MEANS2 IT IS1 9 O!R WORDS1 5=C$ CLASS RULE AS OPPOS$ TO ! VOLUNT>Y CLASS COLLABORATION ( LIB]AL DEMOCRACY4 ,! MILITANTS :O HELD ?IS VIEW1 H[EV]1 W]E ! MO/ ACTIVE & COMMITT$ ONES :O HAD GONE (F TO FI<T ) ! MILITIA COLUMNS ( ,>AGON & ,LEVANTE 9 ! E>LY DAYS ( ,JULY & ,AUGU/4 ,ISOLAT$ AT ! FRONT ) ! TAK+ ( ,Z>AGOZA /ALL$ 7AS ?+S TURN$ \T1 IT WAS NEV]1 9 FACT1 TO BE TAK57 !Y HAD LITTLE *ANCE ( !IR VIEWS BE+ PUBLI%$ 9 ! LEAD]%IP-CONTROLL$ CONF$]AL M$IA OR 9 ! G5]AL ASSEMBLIES4 ,IT WAS1 !RE=E1 V]Y MU* A VANGU>D-V]SUS-RE>GU>D DEBATE2 ! ACTIVI/S AT ! FRONT URG+ REVOLUTION 9 ! RE>1 :ILE ?OSE 9 ! RE> 7! ADM9I/RATORS & 'LEAD]S'1 SUPPORT$ BY A FATALI/ICALLY RESIGN$ MAJORITY7 URG$ W>4 

,! F9AL COLLAPSE 9TO OLIG>*Y WAS RAPID4 ,BY LATE ,SEPTEMB] #aicf ! ,P59SUL> ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,F,A,I BEGAN TO ASS]T ITS ORGANIZATIONAL AU?ORITY OV] SOME ( ! AFFILIAT$ GR\PS4 ,9 A NUMB]$ BUT UNDAT$ FIR/ CIRCUL> TO ! REGIONAL F$]ATIONS & GR\PS1 ! ,P59SUL> ,COMMITTEE 9=M$ ITS AFFILIATES ( ! NE$ TO RE/RUCTURE ! ORGANIZATION & ! NE$ TO RECRUIT NEW MEMB]S4 ,! UND]LY+ ASSUMPTION WAS ?AT ALL ?AT WAS REQUIR$ = F9AL VICTORY WAS ! CREATION ( A SUFFICI5TLY L>GE1 SOLID & COHESIVE ORGANIZATION3  
  

'444,WE1 ON ?IS ,COMMITTEE1 HAVE SE5 TO IT ?AT 9 ALL ITS ACTIVITIES ! SPECIFIC MOVEM5T .<! ,F,A,I.> HAS BE5 L9K$ ) ! ,CONF$]AL ,ORGANIZATION1 E/ABLI%+ A S+LE FRONT :I* HAS KEPT ! IDEAL :I* WE *AMPION 5JOY+ IMM5SELY HI< PRE/IGE4 ,! FEV]I% ACTIVITY ( ! E>LY MOM5TS ( ! /RUGGLE1 & ! NO LESS 9T5SE ACTIVITY :I* FOLL[$ IT1 9 T]MS BO? ( ! W> & ( ! RECON/RUCTION ( ! ECONOMY1 WAS :OLLY %>$ ) ! ,CONF$]AL ,ORGANIZATION1 ! LETT]S :I* /& = ! ,CONF$]AL & ,SPECIFIC MOVEM5TS B9D+ 9TO ONE S+LE ACRONYM444 

',! BATTLE JO9$ AGA9/ FASCISM REMA9S A FURI\S ONE & \R PRIM>Y CONC]N HAS BE51 & REMA9S1 TO MOBILIZE ! :]E)AL = ITS PROSECUTION4 ,N[ !N1 WE MU/ BE> IT 9 M9D ?AT ! GREAT] ! ORGANIZ$ & COHESIVE =CE WE MAY HAVE1 ! BETT] \R *ANCES ( ?IS WILL BE4 ,LIKEWISE1 ! REORGANIZATION ( \R CADRES & ! EXPANSION ( \R NUMB]S >E MATT]S ( URG5CY4 ,! E?OS1 :I* ! H]OISM ( \R MILITANTS HAS >\S$ TO FAVORABLE EFFECT AMONG ! PEOPLE1 HAS TO BE CAPITALIZ$ UPON SO AS TO BROAD5 ! SCOPE ( \R ACTION4 ,! ,F,A,I'S 9FLU5CE MU/ REA* 9TO EV]Y NOOK & CRANNY & TO ?IS 5D IT REQUIRES NUM]\S & WELL-PREP>$ GR\PS4 ,! EXAMPLE ( ! ,REGIONALS1 :I* >E 5GAG$ 9 OV]HAUL+ !IR ORGANIZATION1 MU/ BE TAK5 ON BO>D AS ! MODEL TO BE IMITAT$1 & 9 ?IS WAY WE WILL 5SURE ?AT ! TREM5D\S AURA ?AT SURR\NDS \R MOVEM5T MAY FAI?FULLY REFLECT \R MEMB]%IP4 ,! GAPS TORN 9 \R RANKS BY ! %RAPNEL ( MURD]\S FASCISM HAVE TO BE SPE$ILY FILL$ BY MEANS ( HONORABLE REPLACEM5TS = \R FALL5 COMRADES444'.<#b#b#e.>  
  

,A %ORT :ILE LAT] ! ,CATALAN PRESS 9=M$ ! WORLD ?AT ! ,C,N,T HAD (FICIALLY R5\NC$ ITS APOLITICAL /ANCE & WAS AS FROM #bg ,SEPTEMB] #aicf N[ A FULL MEMB] ( ! ,G5]ALITAT GOV]NM5T ( ,CATALONIA :I* HAD REPLAC$ ! ,MILITIAS ,COMMITTEE4 ,! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I LEAD]S W]E N[ TOTALLY CAU<T UP 9 ! N>R[ TE*NICAL ASPECTS ( ! W> AGA9/ FASCISM & HAD LO/ ALL SI<T ( ! BROAD] CONSEQU5CES ( !IR ACTIONS4 ,SANTILLAN LAT] REFLECT$ ON ! DECISION TO JO9 ! GOV]NM5T3  
  

',! ,MILITIAS ,COMMITTEE GU>ANTE$ ! SUPREMACY ( ! .<,CATALAN.> PEOPLE 9 >MS1 GU>ANTE$ ,CATALONIA'S AUTONOMY1 GU>ANTE$ ! PURITY & LEGITIMACY ( W>1 GU>ANTE$ ! RESURRECTION ( ! ,SPANI% PULSE & ( ! ,SPANI% S\L3 BUT WE W]E TOLD & IT WAS REPEAT$ TO US 5DLESSLY ?AT AS LONG AS WE P]SI/$ 9 RETA9+ IT1 ?AT IS1 AS LONG AS WE P]SI/$ 9 PROPP+ UP ! P[] ( ! PEOPLE1 WEAPONS W\LD NOT COME TO ,CATALONIA1 NOR W\LD WE BE GRANT$ ! =EIGN CURR5CY TO OBTA9 !M FROM ABROAD1 NOR W\LD WE BE SUPPLI$ ) ! RAW MAT]IALS = \R 9DU/RY4 ,& S9CE LOS+ ! W> MEANT LOS+ EV]Y?+ & RETURN+ TO A /ATE LIKE ! ONE ?AT PREVAIL$ 9 ! ,SPA9 ( ,F]D9& ,V,I,I1 & 9 ! CONVICTION ?AT ! DRIVE GIV5 BY US & \R PEOPLE C\LD NOT VANI% COMPLETELY FROM ! NEW ECONOMIC LIFE1 WE QUIT ! ,MILITIAS ,COMMITTEE TO JO9 ! ,G5]ALITAT GOV]NM5T 9 ITS ,DEF5SE ,C\NCILOR%IP & ! O!R VITAL DEP>TM5TS ( ! AUTONOM\S GOV]NM5T4'.<#b#b#f.>  
  

,ON #bc ,OCTOB] ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I LEAD]S SIGN$ A ',PACT ( ,UNITY' ) ! SOCIALI/ ,U,G,T & ! ,/AL9I/ NEWLY =M$ ,P>TIT ,SOCIALI/A ,UNIFICAT DE ,CATALUNYA 7,UNIFI$ ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY ( ,CATALONIA1 ,P,S,U,C71 BR++ ! SPONTANE\S COLLECTIVIZATION PROCESS BEGUN BY ! WORK]S UND] ! CONTROL ( ! ,/ATE4 ,IT WAS ,>TICLE #ae ( ?IS AGREEM5T1 H[EV]1 :I* %[$ ?AT ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I LEAD]%IP W]E PREP>$ TO ACT RU?LESSLY AGA9/ ! 'CONSCI\S M9ORITY' ( AN>*I/S :O 9SI/$ ON PU%+ REVOLUTION>Y CLASS-W> POLICIES AGA9/ !IR [N RECOMM5DATIONS4 ',WE >E AGRE$ UPON COMMON ACTION TO /AMP \T ! H>MFUL ACTIVITIES ( UNCONTROLLABLE GR\PS :I*1 \T ( LACK ( UND]/&+ OR MALICE1 POSE A ?REAT TO ! IMPLEM5TATION ( ?IS PROGRAM4'.<#b#b#g.> 

,TWO DAYS LAT]1 ON #be ,OCTOB]1 ! ,F,A,I ,P59SUL> ,COMMITTEE ISSU$ A ?IRD NOTICE TO ! ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEES1 ,LOCAL ,F$]ATIONS & GR\PS4 ,IT PROVIDES A TELL+ 9SI<T 9TO ! N[ SC>CELY CONCEAL$ AU?ORIT>IAN ?9K+ ( ! ,P59SUL> ,COMMITTEE3  
  

',MOTIVES = ,9T]V5TION3 ,DUE TO ! IMP]I\S NATURE ( ! CIRCUM/ANCES 9 :I* WE HAVE BE5 PLAC$ BY ! FASCI/ REVOLT & ! /RUGGLE WE HAVE COMMITT$ \RSELVES TO 9 ORD] TO CRU% IT1 & BE+ UNABLE TO SPE$ILY & FULLY REALIZE \R IDEAL ASPIRATIONS1 DUE TO \R HAV+ TO ACCEPT COLLABORATION ) O!R SECTORS1 TO ! PURPOSE & EFFECT ( W9N+ ! W>1 SO AS TO CONTRIBUTE = ! DURATION ( ?AT W> TO ! MA9T5ANCE ( ! LIAISON & COLLABORATION ( ANTAGONI/IC POLITICAL P>TIES1 & BECAUSE ! PEOPLE'S FRAME ( M9D CALL$ = ?IS1 WE HAVE COME \T 9 FAVOR ( 9T]V5TION 9 ORGANISMS ( AN (FICIAL NATURE :I* WE FIR/ SEEK TO MODIFY BY 9FUS+ !M ) ! REVOLUTION>Y T5OR :I* \R 9CLUSION )9 !M DEM&$444 

',\R PRESS+ & CRUCIAL MISSION3 ,UNLESS WE WANT \R HOPES = A FREE SOCIETY DA%$1 & IF1 AS IS ! CASE1 WE AIM TO HAVE \R SAY 9 ! LIFE ( ! COLLECTIVITY1 WE NE$ TO HAVE AN ORGANISM 5CAPSULAT+ ?OSE CONCEPTS :I* >E ! COND5SATION ( A SPL5DID CORPUS ( TEA*+ & :I* WE HAVE SO /EADFA/LY CLUNG TO & 5RI*$ = !IR REALIZATION4 

',! UNIONS1 HAV+ BECOME HYBRID AG5CIES FROM ! POLITICAL VIEWPO9T1 AS A RESULT ( ! CIRCUM/ANCES NOT$ E>LI]1 CANNOT /AMP UPON !IR ACTIVITIES ANY?+ EXCEPT ! PR(ESSIONAL FUNCTION ALLOTT$ TO !M2 & !RE NECESS>ILY MU/ BE A DRIV+ =CE PRODUC+ ! FABUL\S AM\NT ( 5]GY REQUIR$ TO %IFT !M 9 ! DIRECTION :I* BE/ SUITS ! PREOCCUPATIONS ( MANK9D ) R5EWAL & EMANCIPATION4 ,! DRIV+ =CE TO :I* WE REF] CANNOT BUT BE ! ,SPECIFIC ,ORGANIZATION .<! ,F,A,I.>4 

',! ,F,A,I1 AN ORGANISM :OSE POPUL> /ATUS HAS GR[N IMMEASURABLY HAS1 AS NECESS>ILY IT MU/ HAVE1 AN OBLIGATION TO 5COMPASS ! MEMB]%IP 9 KEEP+ ) ?IS /ATUS & ?IS FAVORABLE /&+ :I* ! ,SPANI% PEOPLE HAVE AW>D$ IT4 

',! EXPANSION ( ! MEMB]%IP ( \R ORGANIZATION MU/ BE IMM$IATE4 ,\R ACTIVITY 9 RESPECT ( ! TRA9+ ( RECRUITS MU/ BE SO BOO/$ ?AT ?IS IS A*IEV$ 9 M9IMUM TIME4 ,AS ! ACCEL]ATION ( ?IS RECRUIT+ DRIVE MAY RAISE S]I\S DRAWBACKS DUE TO ! 9FILTRATION ( P]SONS :O W\LD PREVI\SLY NOT HAVE BE5 GRANT$ ADMISSION1 WE CAN1 = ! PURPOSES ( !IR ADOPTION1 EMPLOY ! PROC$URE ?AT 5ABLES US TO MAKE \R *OICE ( !M ONCE WE HAVE !M UND] SUP]VISION4 ,?IS PROC$URE MAY CONSI/ ( RECRUIT+ !M 9 SU* A WAY ?AT1 UNTIL SU* TIME AS WE >E ASSUR$ ( !IR PURITY1 !Y >E KEPT 9 ! D>K CONC]N+ ! FULL ACTIVITIES ( ! ORGANIZATION4 

',WE WILL HAVE TO OV]HAUL ! CURR5T =MAT ( \R ORGANIZATION3 ,\R ORGANIZATION ON ! BASIS ( SMALL AFF9ITY GR\PS HAS PRODUC$ SPL5DID RESULTS 9 ! H]OIC DAYS ( CL&E/9ITY & DUR+ ?OSE TIMES :51 )\T !IR BE+ CL&E/9E1 PEOPLE'S OBTUS5ESS D5I$ IT RECOGNITION ( ! VALUE :I* RESID$ )9 IT1 R$UC+ ITS 9FLU5CE TO ?AT 5JOY$ BY ITS ORGANISMS ALONE4 

',! PRES5T MOM5T1 :I* U%]S 9 A NEW ]A = \R MOVEM5T1 AN ]A :5 \R ACTIVITIES WILL EXP& CONSID]ABLY1 COMPELS A BROAD EXPANSION ( ! BASE & ! MOBILIZATION ( A L>GE NUMB] ( MILITANTS :O MAY DEPLOY !IR ORGANIZ+ ABILITIES 9 ORD] TO EFFECT ! TRANS=MATION :I* WE HAVE = SO LONG S\<T4 ,WE MU/ SEEK \T ! UNKN[N COMRADES ) ABILITY :O LIVE AMID ANONYMITY SO ?AT !Y MAY WORK ALONGSIDE ?OSE ALREADY DI/+UI%$ 9 ! TASKS ?AT HAVE BE5 BUT \TL9ES4 ,! TRADE UNION ORGANIZATION1 \R BELOV$ ,C,N,T1 MAY BE AN 9EXHAU/IBLE QU>RY ( MILITANTS FROM :I* WE MAY TAKE ?OSE :OM \R AN>*I/ MOVEM5T REQUIRES4'.<#b#b#h.>  
  

,ON #d ,NOVEMB] ! LOGIC ( COLLABORATIONISM PURSU$ BY ! LEAD]%IP ( ! ,SPANI% AN>*I/ MOVEM5T REA*$ ITS 9EVITABLE CONCLUSION4 ,FOLL[+ A SU/A9$ CAMPAIGN BY ,C,N,T ,NATIONAL ,SECRET>Y ,HORACIO ,PRIETO1 ! ,C,N,T JO9$ ,L>GO ,CABALL]O'S ,POPUL> ,FRONT GOV]NM5T4 ,CABALL]O'S NEW ,CAB9ET 9CLUD$ F\R LIB]T>IANS3 TWO FROM ! RE=MI/ UNIONI/ T5D5CY ( ! ,C,N,T1 ,JOAN ,PEIRO & ,JUAN ,LOPEZ1 & TWO AN>*I/S -- ,G>CIA ,OLIV] & ,F$]ICA ,MONTS5Y ( ! ,F,A,I ,P59SUL> ,COMMITTEE4 ,IF ! NEWS WAS MET ) DISMAY BY RANK-&-FILE & MILITIA PAP]S SU* AS ,L9EA DEL ,FUEGO1 IT WAS DEF5D$ ) BL& SELF-ASSURANCE BY ,SOLID>IDAD ,OBR]A :O ACCLAIM$ IT AS 'ONE ( ! MO/ MOM5T\S EV5TS 9 ?IS C\NTRY'S POLITICAL HI/ORY'4 .<#b#b#i.> ,= ! '9FLU5TIAL' MILITANTS ( ! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I !IR PREEMPTIVE FUSION ) ! ,/ATE APP>ATUS TO PREV5T '! REVOLUTION DEVIAT+ FROM ITS C\RSE' MEANT ! ,/ATE NO LONG] REPRES5T$ A S\RCE ( CLASS DIVISION OR OPPRESSION4 

,= LIB]AL HI/ORIANS SU* AS ,RAYMOND ,C>R1 ! 'AN>*I/S' HAD NO ALT]NATIVE 9 PRACTICE3  
  

',!IR !ORY C\LD NOT EMBRACE ! CIRCUM/ANCES 9 :I* !Y F\ND !MSELVES4 ,! AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S1 ALWAYS AFFLICT$ ) A PECULI> BR& ( REVOLUTION>Y OPTIMISM1 HAD ASSUM$ !Y W\LD BE ! ONLY P[] ON ! MORR[ ( ! VICTORY ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,! REVOLUTION ?AT AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S HAD PLANN$ AS !IR [N WORK WAS H&$ TO !M 9 ,JULY1 SUDD5LY1 AS A REACTION ( A RI<T-W+ C\P AGA9/ A B\RGEOIS DEMOCRATIC GOV]NM5T444 ,P[]FUL 9 ,B>CELONA & ELSE:]E 9 ,CATALONIA1 !Y W]E CLE>LY NOT A PR$OM9ANT =CE 9 ! ,REPUBLIC AS A :OLE2 IF !Y S\<T TO =CE ?R\< 0!IR0 REVOLUTION !Y W\LD NOT M]ELY FAIL1 BUT W\LD1 BY A DICTATOR%IP1 \TRAGE LIB]T>IAN PR9CIPLES AS SU* & WEAK5 ! W> EF=T AGA9/ 0FASCISM0 :I*1 IF IT TRIUMPH$1 W\LD DE/ROY BO? LIB]AL DEMOCRACY & ! ,C,N,T ALIKE4 ,AN>*O-SYNDICALISM HAD NOT DEVELOP$1 BECAUSE IT HAD NEV] CONTEMPLAT$1 ! POLITICAL /RATEGY ( A W>TIME ALLIANCE ( B\RGEOIS DEMOCRATS & WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS AGA9/ A C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y RI<T4'.<#b#c.>  
  

,C>R IS P]FECTLY CORRECT 9 HIS ASSESSM5T H]E1 BUT IT WAS NOT ! 'AN>*I/S' :O HAD 'NO ALT]NATIVE 9 PRACTICE' -- !Y HAD1 & W]E PROV+ IT ) GR[+ SUCCESS 9 !IR COLLECTIVIZATION & SOCIALIZATION1 TO ! 5ORM\S DISMAY ( AU?ORIT>IANS ( EV]Y COLOR & HUE -- IT WAS ! LEAD]%IP :O HAD 'NO ALT]NATIVE 9 PRACTICE'4 ,ADM9I/RATIVE P[] HAD ALT]$ !IR VIEW ( ! WORLD TO SU* AN EXT5T ?AT !Y HAD CEAS$ TO ACT AS AN>*I/S4 ,BY ASSUM+ ! RESPONSIBILITIES ( GOV]NM5T1 IRRESPECTIVE ( H[ 'REVOLUTION>Y'1 'PROGRESSIVE' OR ANTIFASCI/ ?AT GOV]NM5T MI<T OR MI<T NOT HAVE BE51 !Y HAD CEAS$ TO BE AN 9DEP5D5T =CE4 ,!Y HAD VOLUNT>ILY B\ND !MSELVES TO ! ,/ATE & GONE AGA9/ !IR [N BELIEFS1 VALUES & PRIORITIES4 ,!Y HAD UND]GONE :AT SOCIOLOGI/S DESCRIBE AS '! AG5TIC %IFT'1 I4E41 FROM BE+ *AMPIONS ( FRE$OM1 DEF5D]S ( ! REVOLUTION & OPPON5TS ( ! AU?ORITY SY/EM1 TO BE+ AG5TS ( ?AT SY/EM1 NOT ONLY RESPONSIBLE TO IT RA!R ?AN !IR [N MEMB]%IP1 BUT ALSO COMMITT$ TO BE+ P>T ( IT4 

,AS ! S(T5+-UP CAMPAIGN 9T5SIFI$1 AN 9CREAS+ NUMB] ( RANK-&-FILE AN>*I/ MILITANTS BEGAN TO EXPRESS !IR CONC]N MORE PUBLICLY AT ! UNA%AM$LY COLLABORATIONI/ L9E BE+ TAK5 BY ! 'NOTABLES' ( ! ,REGIONAL & ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEES ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I4 ,! LANGUAGE ( CO]CIVE AU?ORITY BEGAN TO CREEP 9TO ,C,N,T-,F,A,I (FICIAL COMMUNIQUES -- WORDS R$OL5T ( MORALITY1 RESPONSIBILITY1 DUTY1 ETC4 -- ALL CONC]N$ ) SUBORN+ ! CONFLICTIVE 9T]E/S ( ! 9DIVIDUAL TO ORGANIC AU?ORITY4 

,PRESS C5SOR%IP1 LOYALTY TO ! ORGANIZATION & ! COMB9$ EXT]NAL ?REAT FROM ! B\RGEOIS1 ,M>XI/ & FASCI/ CAMPS MEAN !RE IS LITTLE DOCUM5T>Y EVID5CE TO SUPPORT ?IS !SIS OR TO GAUGE H[ WIDELY FELT OR PR(\ND ?IS CRISIS ( CONFID5CE WAS AT ! TIME4 ,! AN>*I/ LEAD]S' 5TRY 9TO ! ,CABALL]O GOV]NM5T P]MITT$ ?AT GOV]NM5T TO TRANSF] SAFELY TO ,VAL5CIA )\T ! RISK ( A POPUL> AN>*I/ MOVEM5T TAK+ OV] ! ADM9I/RATION ( ! CAPITAL4 ,SAFELY 5SCONC$ 9 ,VAL5CIA1 ! GOV]NM5T BEGAN ) A WILL TO SY/EMATICALLY /RIP AWAY ! REVOLUTION>Y A*IEVEM5TS ( ! PEOPLE4 ,ITS FIR/ TASK WAS TO RECOV] ITS LO/ P[]S FROM ! MA9LY AUTONOM\S REGIONS & LOCAL COMMITTEES4 ,?IS HEI<T5$ T5SION CONSID]ABLY BETWE5 ! LEAD]%IP & ! BASE BY ! 5D ( ,NOVEMB] #a#i#c#f4 ,FRU/RATION ) ! TOTAL DIS9T]E/ & LACK ( CONTACT ) ! MASS ( 'ANONYM\S ACTIVI/S' ( ! ,CATALAN LEAD]%IP BECAME SO 9T5SE ?AT AT ONE /AGE ! ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEES ( ! ,B>CELONA ,C,N,T APP>5TLY SUGGE/$ DEPOS+ ,M>IANO ,VAZQUEZ FROM ! REGIONAL SECRET>Y%IP4 .<#b#c#a.> 

,9 AN ATTEMPT TO R$UCE ! OBVI\SLY GR[+ DISS5SION ,ALEJ&RO ,GILAB]T1 ,SECRET>Y ( ! ,B>CELONA ,LOCAL ,F$]ATION ( ,AN>*I/ ,GR\PS 7,F,A,I71 ISSU$ AN ,ORWELLIAN W>N+ TO ! MORE VOCIF]\S CRITICS ( GOV]NM5TAL COLLABORATION AMONG ! MEMB]%IP1 ! SO-CALL$ 'UNCONTROLLABLES'1 BY CA/+ D\BT ON !IR 9TEGRITY3  
  

',SOME 5EMIES ( AN>*ISM1 POS+ AS COMRADES1 >E N[ BUSILY TALK+ TO US ( PR9CIPLES1 TACTICS & IDEAS4 ,!Y TAKE ! VIEW ?AT AN>*ISM HAS DEVIAT$ FROM ITS NORMAL C\RSE BY DALLY+ ) ! B\RGEOISIE & R5EG+ UPON ITS ANTI-/ATI/ PR9CIPLES4 

',!SE CRITICISMS >E NOT PROMPT$ BY V]Y HEAL?Y 9T5TIONS4 ,!Y HAVE A D\BLE MOTIVE ?AT NE$S TO BE EXPOS$4 ,NATURALLY1 AN>*ISM 9 ,SPA9 HAS UND]GONE A *ANGE ( C\RSE4 ,IT HAS AM5D$ ALL ( ITS NEGATIVE CONT5T4 ,:5 AN>*ISM WAS /ILL A MOVEM5T ( P]MAN5T OPPOSITION1 IT WAS ONLY TO BE EXPECT$ ?AT IT %\LD D5Y ALL ?AT WAS E/ABLI%$4 ,BUT WE 9 ,SPA9 >E FAC+ SPECIAL CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,H]E WE HAVE CEAS$ TO (F] OPPOSITION SO AS TO BECOME A DECISIVE =CE4 ,9/EAD ( D5Y+1 AN>*ISM HAS TO REALIZE4 ,! ONES :O REALIZE WILL BE ! ONES :O W94 

',A NEGATIVE /ANCE1 ! CLASSIC PO/URE ( 9T]NATIONAL AN>*ISM1 CANNOT BE EXPECT$ ( US ,SPANI>DS4 ,! TIMES >E TOO S]I\S = US TO WA/E TIME LOOK+ \TW>DS4 ,IS !RE ANY POSITIVE EXAMPLE1 ANY EFFECTIVE PREC$5T 9 ! \TSIDE WORLD ?AT WE CAN TAKE AS \R GUIDE8 ,9T]NATIONAL AN>*ISM C>RIES V]Y LITTLE WEI<T :5 IT COMES TO PRESCRIB+ GUIDEL9ES = ,SPANI% AN>*ISM4 ,WE HAVE TO SAY ) PRIDE ?AT ,SPA9 MU/ S]VE AS ! EXAMPLE = ! WORLD'S AN>*I/S444 

',WE AN>*I/S HAVE AN OBLIGATION & A DUTY TO CRITICIZE & TO DIRECT ! W> AGA9/ FASCISM & ! REVOLUTION AGA9/ CAPITALISM1 NOT M]ELY FROM BEL[1 FROM ! GRASSROOTS1 BUT ALSO BY ASSUM+ POSITIONS ( RESPONSIBILITY 9 ! ORGANS GOV]N+ ! DE/9IES ( ! NATION4 

',?OSE :O CRITICIZE ! /ANCE ( ! AN>*I/S >E COV]T 5EMIES1 AG5TS ( ! B\RGEOISIE1 9DIVIDUALS :O DO NOT GET MU* SATISFACTION FROM ! LIB]T>IAN 9FLU5CE WEI<+ UPON ! ,SPANI% PEOPLE4 ,?IS IS AN>*ISM'S TIME & WE HAVE TO ACCEPT ! /RUGGLE ) ALL ITS CONSEQU5CES1 %\LD]+ ! FULL RESPONSIBILITY = !SE DECISIVE TIMES6'.<#b#c#b.>  
  

,! JU/IFICATION ( ! COLLABORATIONI/ !ORY ( ! LEAD]%IP ( ! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I FAIL$ TO CONV9CE MANY AN>*I/S 9SIDE OR \TSIDE ,SPA94 ,! =EIGN AN>*I/S W]E NOT SUBJECT TO ! C5SOR%IP IMPOS$ ON ! CONF$]AL PRESS4 ,WRIT+ 9 ! ,FR5* AN>*I/ PRESS1 ,SEBA/I5 ,FAURE MILDLY REBUK$ ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I ON ?REE MA9 PO9TS3 P>TICIPATION WAS NOT UNANIM\SLY APPROV$ -- A SIZABLE M9ORITY OPPOS$ IT1 !RE=E ! UNITY & ! MORAL /R5G? ( ! MOVEM5T HAD BE5 DAMAG$2 POLITICAL P>TIES HAD GA9$ 9 9FLU5CE ?R\< GOV]NM5T P>TICIPATION1 & NOTIONS ( DIRECT ACTION & CLASS /RUGGLE HAD BE5 WEAK5$2 &1 F9ALLY ! F$]ALISM ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T HAD BE5 DAMAG$ ?R\< COOP]ATION ) A C5TRALI/1 AU?ORIT>IAN GOV]NM5T4 ,COMP>$ ) ! HO/ILE COMM5TS BE+ PUBLI%$ 9 ,LE ,COMBAT ,SYNDICALI/E1 ! ,FR5* AN>*I/ PAP] ,T]RE ,LIBRE & ,&RE ,PR\DHOMMEAUX'S ,L',ESPAGNE N\VELLE1 ,FAURE'S DEVA/AT+LY LUCID OBS]VATIONS W]E CONCILIATORY3  
  

',IF REALITY CONTRADICTS PR9CIPLES1 !N !SE PR9CIPLES MU/ BE MI/AK51 9 :I* CASE WE MU/ LOSE NO TIME AB&ON+ !M2 WE %\LD BE HONE/ 5\< TO ADMIT !IR FALS5ESS 9 PUBLIC & WE %\LD HAVE VIRTUE 5\< TO DEVOTE AS MU* >DOR TO COMBAT+ !M AS BE+ ACTIVE AGA9/ !M AS =M]LY WE DID 9 !IR DEF5SE4 ,SIMIL>LY1 WE %\LD /RIVE =?) TO SEEK \T MORE SOLID1 MORE JU/ & LESS FALLIBLE PR9CIPLES4 ,IF1 ON ! O!R H&1 ! PR9CIPLES UPON :I* \R IDEOLOGY & TACTICS DEP5D /ILL HOLD1 REG>DLESS ( ! CIRCUM/ANCES1 & >E AS VALID TODAY AS EV] !Y W]E1 !N WE %\LD KEEP FAI? ) !M4 ,TO DEP>T1 EV5 = A %ORT SPACE ( TIME 9 EXCEPTIONAL CIRCUM/ANCES1 FROM ! L9E \R PR9CIPLES 9DICATE WE %\LD ADOPT IS TO COMMIT A GRAVE ]ROR1 A DANG]\S ]ROR ( JUDGM5T4 ,TO P]SI/ 9 ?IS ]ROR IS TO COMMIT A GRIEV\S MI/AKE1 ! CONSEQU5CES ( :I* LEAD ON TO ! TEMPOR>Y JETTISON+ ( PR9CIPLES &1 ?R\< CONCESSION AFT] CONCESSION1 TO ! ABSOLUTE F9AL AB&ONM5T ( PR9CIPLE4 ,ONCE AGA91 ?IS IS ! ME*ANISM1 ! SLIPP]Y SLOPE :I* CAN LEAD F> A/RAY4'.<#b#c#c.>  
  

,! AN>*I/ M9I/]S SOON DISCOV]$ !IR P[]S TO 9FLU5CE EV5TS 9 ,CAB9ET W]E NON-EXI/5T4 ,! SOCIALI/S CONTROLL$ ! SIX MO/ IMPORTANT M9I/RIES -- ,W>1 ,/ATE1 ,H\S+1 ,LABOR1 ,9T]IOR & ! ,PRESID5CY4 ,! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I HAD TO SETTLE = F\R -- ,9DU/RY 7,JOAN ,PEIRO71 ,TRADE 7,JUAN ,LOPEZ71 ,JU/ICE 7,G>CIA ,OLIV]7 & ,HEAL? 7,F$]ICA ,MONTS5Y74 ,L>GO ,CABALL]O1 ! 5EMY ( ! ,C,N,T1 RETA9$ SUPREME EXECUTIVE P[] ?R\< HIS CONTROL ( ! ,W> ,C\NCIL4 .<#b#c#d.> 

,BY ,JANU>Y #aicg ,CABALL]O HAD BROK5 ! P[] ( ! AUTONOM\S REGIONS & CONV]T$ !IR ADM9I/RATIONS 9TO REGIONAL SUB-GOV]NM5TS UND] C5TRAL CONTROL4 ,HIS NEXT MA9 TASK WAS TO RE/ORE ! MONOPOLY ( VIOL5CE TO ! ,/ATE BY /ABILIZ+ ! REVOLUTION>Y =CES & DEMOBILIZ+ OR 9CORPORAT+ ! PR$OM9ANTLY AN>*I/-CONTROLL$ MILITIAS 9TO REGUL> MILIT>Y UNITS4 ,MILITIA UNITS NOT PREP>$ TO ACCEPT MILIT>IZATION !REBY CONV]T+ TO REGUL> >MY =MATIONS1 W]E REFUS$ WEAPONS1 PROVISIONS & PAY4 ',UNCONTROLLABLE' RANK-&-FILE MILITANTS :O OP5LY QUE/ION$ ! POLICIES ( ! HI<] COMMITTEES W]E CRIM9ALIZ$4 ,! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I LEAD]%IP OP5LY BACK$ ! GOV]NM5T AGA9/ !IR [N MILITANTS & REFUS$ TO SUPPORT ! MILITIA COLUMNS' URG5T REQUE/S = M51 PROVISIONS & MUNITIONS4 .<#b#c#e.> ,AT A MEET+ CONV5$ BY ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I 9 ,VAL5CIA ON #d ,DECEMB] TO RALLY SUPPORT = MILIT>IZATION1 ,G>CIA ,OLIV] DECL>$3  
  

',NO MATT] :I* ORGANIZATION ! WORK]S BELONG TO1 !Y MU/ EMPLOY ! SAME ME?ODS ! 5EMY USES 9 ORD] TO W94'  
  

,! DI/ANCE BETWE5 ! BASE & ! LEAD]%IP WID5$ /ILL FUR!R4 ,AS ,FAURE HAD =ESE51 ONE CONCESSION HAD L$ TO ANO!R UNTIL ! 'NOTABLES' HAD BE5 TRANS=M$ 9TO ! PLIABLE & WILL+ AG5TS ( ! ,/ATE4 ,?R\< !IR OBSESSION ) AN ILLUSORY ANTIFASCI/ UNITY ) B\RGEOIS LIB]AL & ,M>XI/ P>TIES1 ! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I LEAD]%IP HAD BECOME TOTALLY COMPROMIS$ & PREP>$ ! SC5>IO = ! F9AL C\P DE GRACE -- ! ',MAY ,DAYS' ( #a#i#c#g4 

,! APOGEE ( RE=MI/ PROCESS CAME 9 ,MAY #aicg 9 ,B>CELONA :5 ! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I LEAD]%IP ORD]$ !IR [N MILITANTS TO LAY D[N ! >MS !Y HAD TAK5 UP 9 ! FACE ( A CAMPAIGN ( PROVOCATION SU/A9$ BY ! ,P,S,U,C & ! ,CATALAN NATIONALI/S S9CE E>LY ,JANU>Y4 ,?IS PROV$ TO BE ! KEY EV5T :I* BR\<T D[N ! GOV]NM5T ( ,L>GO ,CABALL]O1 ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I LEAD]%IP'S SOLE ALLY 9 A PR$OM9ANTLY PRO-COMMUNI/ ,CAB9ET4 ,IT F9ALLY BROKE ! TREM5D\S MORAL 9FLU5CE ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I 9 ITS MA9 /RON<OLD -- ,CATALONIA4 ,! WAY WAS N[ OP5 = ! PRO-,RUSSIAN GOV]NM5T ( ,JUAN ,NEGR9 TO DE/ROY :AT WAS P]HAPS ! MO/ POSITIVE A*IEVEM5T ( ! REVOLUTION -- ! AN>*I/-DOM9AT$ ,C\NCIL ( ,>AGON4 

,! OV]T HO/ILITY ( ! NEW ,NEGR9 ADM9I/RATION TO ! ,F,A,I L$ TO A MAJOR CRISIS = ! AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION 9 ,JUNE #a#i#c#g4 ,NEGR9'S NEWLY APPO9T$ ,M9I/] ( ,JU/ICE1 ,MANUEL ,IRUJO1 HIT UPON A LEGALI/IC L9E ( ATTACK AGA9/ ! AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION4 ,BECAUSE ! ,F,A,I WAS AN ORGANIZATION ?AT HAD NOT BE5 REGI/]$ PRIOR TO ,FEBRU>Y #aicf 79 FACT IT HAD NEV] BE5 REGI/]$1 H5CE ITS MISREPRES5TATION AS A 'SECRET' ORGANIZATION71 ,IRUJO RUL$ IT C\LD NOT RETA9 ITS REPRES5TATION ON ! ,POPUL> ,TRIBUNALS4 ,AN ORGANIZATION NOT SUBJECT TO LEGISLATION & A DECL>$ 5EMY ( /ATE P[] C\LD H>DLY BE P]MITT$ TO %>E 9 ! RUNN+ ( ! /ATE APP>ATUS1 A %>E PROVID$ BY ! ,F,A,I'S SYMBIOTIC RELATION%IP TO ! ,C,N,T4 

,! ,C,N,T ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE COMPLA9$ BITT]LY AB\T ?IS DECISION4 ,!Y ALSO EXPRESS$ CONC]N AB\T ! CREATION ( ,SPECIAL ,TRIBUNALS1 PURPORT$LY SET UP TO TRY CASES ( ESPIONAGE & HI< TREASON1 BUT :OSE DEF9ITION ( SU* (F5SES WAS SO VAGUE ?AT IT GAVE ! POLICE DRACONIAN P[] TO QUA% ALL ALLEG$ ANTI-GOV]NM5T ACTIVITIES4 ,!SE ,/> ,*AMB] C\RTS W]E TAILOR-MADE = ! REPRESSION ( 'UNCONTROLLABLE' ELEM5TS )9 ! ,P,\,M & ,C,N,T4 

,FAC$ ) ! 'CONSEQU5CES' ( CL&E/9ITY1 I4E4 BECOM+ A LEGALLY 'NON-EXI/5T' BODY1 :I* MEANT LOS+ REPRES5TATION ON ALL (FICIAL BODIES1 ! ,P59SUL> ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,F,A,I CONV5$ AN URG5T ,NATIONAL ,PL5UM 9 ,VAL5CIA TO DISCUSS ITS LEGAL POSITION 9 RELATION TO ! ,/ATE & TO CONSID] PROPOSALS TO 'OV]HAUL' ! IDEOLOGICAL PR9CIPLES :I* HAD 9SPIR$ IT ?R\<\T ITS #a YE>S EXI/5CE & BECOME A LEGALLY REGI/]$ ORGANIZATION4 ,! ,PL5UM1 :I* OP5$ ON #d ,JULY1 LA/$ F\R DAYS4 ,! PROPOSALS = REORGANIZATION1 SUBMITT$ AT ! 5D ( ?IS ,PL5UM TO A REF]5DUM ( ,REGIONAL ,PL5UMS1 W]E ( HI/ORIC IMPORTANCE = ! ,SPANI% AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,FROM A F$]AL BODY ( LOCAL AUTONOM\S AFF9ITY GR\PS1 9TO :I* MEMB]S W]E CO-OPT$1 ! ,F,A,I WAS TO BE TRANS=M$ 9TO A C5TRALLY COORD9AT$ POLITICAL ORGANIZATION OP5 TO ANYONE :O WI%$ TO JO9 & WAS PREP>$ TO COOP]ATE ) IT4 

,! ,MAY EV5TS PROVID$ ! ,F,A,I LEAD]S ) ! JU/IFICATION !Y NE$$ = A TI<T5+ ( ORGANIZATIONAL DISCIPL9E & 9SI/+ ON GREAT] FIRMNESS ( CONTROL4 ,ON #ag ,JULY1 FOLL[+ 9T5SIVE PROPAG&A RECRUITM5T DRIVE1 ) MEET+S 9 ,MADRID1 ,C>TAG5A & ,CA/ELLON1 ! AN>*I/ & AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ PRESS PUBLI%$ ! FOLL[+ COMMUNIQUE FROM ! ,F,A,I'S ,P59SUL> ,COMMITTEE3  
  

',WORK]S ( ,SPA93 ,! ,F,A,I1 :I* HAS AT ALL TIMES BATTL$ = Y\R EMANCIPATION1 :I* HAS BE5 9 ! VAN ( ! /RUGGLE = Y\R REVOLUTION1 :I* HAS AS ITS MOTTO 9 ?IS W> AGA9/ FASCISM & ! 9T]NATIONAL B\RGEOISIE1 ! W9N+ ( ! EFFECTIVE FRE$OM ( ! PROLET>IAN CLASS1 OP5S ITS DOOR TO Y\4 

',EV]Y REVOLUTION>Y :O FI<TS = FRE$OM AGA9/ A PA/ ( EXPLOITATION & CALUMNY1 AGA9/ ANY ATTEMPT AT REPRESSION & DICTATOR%IP1 HAS AN HONOR$ PLACE4 ,! ,F,A,I1 AN ORGANIZATION :I* RESOLV$ AT ITS LATE/ HI/ORIC ,PL5UM HELD 9 ,VAL5CIA TO BROAD5 ITS RANKS SO AS TO MAKE \R WELL TRI$ ,F$]ATION ! 9/RUM5T ( ! REVOLUTION>Y LIB]T>IAN PROLET>IAT444 IS NOT BECOM+ YET ANO!R POLITICAL P>TY & DOES NOT ABJURE ITS GOALS NOR =SWE> ITS ME?ODS2 IT ONLY MAKES ITS /& VIS A VIS ! REALITY ( ! ,SPA9 :I* %APES ! NEW WORLD1 :I* %$S H] F9E/ SONS' UNSELFI% BLOOD1 :I* SEEKS TO MAKE A REALITY ( A SY/EM ( 9T]C\RSE APT TO ITS LIB]T>IAN EXI/5CE & CALLS UPON ALL TRUE REVOLUTION>IES TO C>RY =W>D ?IS LIB]AT+ 5T]PRISE4 

',\R ,F,A,I SEEKS ! VICTORY ( ! PEOPLE1 ( ! PROLET>IAT & NOT ! VICTORY ( ANY FACTION4 ,IT SEEKS ! REVOLUTION ) & = ! PROLET>IAT4 ,LET ?OSE :O >E ) ! ,SPANI% REVOLUTION1 :I* IS ! REVOLUTION = FRE$OM1 SWELL \R RANKS4 ,TOGE!R1 9 A MI<TY IRON BLOC1 WE %ALL M>* ON TO VICTORY & TOGE!R WE %ALL CRU% ! REACTION4'.<#b#c#f.>  
  

,%ORTLY AFT]1 ! SECRET>Y ( ! ,F,A,I ,P59SUL> ,COMMITTEE ANN\NC$ ?AT ! NATIONAL MEMB]%IP ( ! ORGANIZATION /OOD AT #a#f14 

,ALEJ&RO ,GILAB]T ( ! ,F,A,I SPELL$ \T :AT ! REORGANIZATION W\LD MEAN 9 AN 9T]VIEW 9 ,SOLID>IDAD ,OBR]A3 

,QUE/ION3 ,9 :AT CIRCUM/ANCES DOES ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T /& AT PRES5T8 

,ANSW]3 ,IB]IAN AN>*ISM F9DS ITSELF1 AT PRES5T1 9 A POSITION TO WIELD & TO LAY CLAIM TO ! LEAD]%IP ( ! REVOLUTION BE+ LIV$ & ACT$ \T BY \R PEOPLE3 = ?IS REASON ! ,F,A,I HAS AGRE$ TO EQUIP ITSELF ) A NEW ORGANIZATIONAL /RUCTURE1 ADMITT+ ALL P]SONS ( LIB]T>IAN 9CL9ATIONS 9TO ITS RANKS4 

,QUE/ION3 ,:AT >E ! IMPLICATIONS ( ! ,F,A,I'S NEW /RUCTURE8 

,ANSW]3 ,9 POLITICAL T]MS IT WILL PRODUCE A REAL REVOLUTION4 ,BECAUSE1 BE=E A MON? IS \T1 ! ,F,A,I WILL BE ! MO/ P[]FUL REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T 9 ,SPA91 NOT TO M5TION ITS ?\S&S ( MEMB]S 9 ,PORTUGAL1 ,FRANCE & ! ,U,S,A4 ,=1 AS Y\ MU/ BE AW>E1 ! ,PORTUGUESE ,AN>*I/ ,UNION1 ! ,F$]ATION ( ,SPANI% ,SPEAK+ ,AN>*I/ GR\PS 9 ,FRANCE & ! ,F$]ATION ( ,SPANI% ,SPEAK+ ,AN>*I/ GR\PS 9 ! ,U,S,A >E ALSO AFFILIAT$ TO ! ,F,A,I4 

,QUE/ION3 ,H[ MANY MEMB]S HAS ! ,F,A,I 9 ,B>CELONA8 

,ANSW]3 ,) ! NEW =MAT1 ! ,F,A,I WILL HAVE UPW>DS ( #c1 MEMB]S 9 ,B>CELONA ALONE1 = IT N[ TURNS \T ?AT A HUGE MASS ( AN>*I/S W]E NOT HI!RTO AFFILIAT$ TO ! ,F,A,I1 EV5 ?\< !Y SPOKE ON ITS BEHALF FROM TIME TO TIME4 

,QUE/ION3 ,DOES ! NEW =MAT IT HAS ADOPT$ IMPLY ?AT ! ,F,A,I HAS TURN$ ITSELF 9TO A NEW POLITICAL P>TY8 

,ANSW]3 ,IT WILL BE A REVOLUTION>Y P>TY1 OR A SPECIFIC ORGANIZATION ?AT WILL SUFFUSE PUBLIC LIFE SO AS TO PROVIDE ! PROLET>IAT ) AN 9/RUM5T TO OR*E/RATE ITS REVOLUTION>Y FEATS1 DRIV+ ! REVOLUTION =W>D FROM ALL ( ! POPUL> ORGANISMS4 

,QUE/ION3 ,H[ WILL ! ,F,A,I OP]ATE 9 ! LI<T ( ITS NEW =MAT8 

,ANSW]3 ,ACCORD+ TO ! NEW APPROA*1 ! ,F,A,I WILL DO EV]Y?+ POSSIBLE TO 5SURE ?AT \R REVOLUTION MAY NOT BE ! EXPRESSION ( ANY TOTALIT>IAN CRE$1 BUT RA!R ! CREATURE ( ALL ! POPUL> ANTIFASCI/ SECTORS ) ANY 9FLU5CE UPON POLITICAL & SOCIAL LIFE4 ,AS AN>*I/S WE >E ! FOES ( ANY TOTALIT>IAN =M ( GOV]NM5T & ! ,F,A,I 9 ITS NEW PHASE ( POLITICAL ACTIVITY WILL DEPLOY ALL ( ITS RES\RCES TO AV]T ! DISFIGURATION OR /RANGULATION ( ! ,IB]IAN REVOLUTION BY ANY P>TY DICTATOR%IP4 

,QUE/ION3 ,IS ! ,F,A,I GIV+ UP ON ! 9TRODUCTION ( ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM8 

,ANSW]3 ,WE1 ! AN>*I/S )9 ! DISCIPL9E ( ! ,F,A,I1 WANT ! FUTURE ( ,IB]IA TO BE ! PRODUCT ( ! CONC]T$ ACTION ( ALL ?OSE SECTORS :O >E AT ONE ON ! CREATION ( A SOCIETY )\T CLASS PRIVILEGES1 :]E9 ! ORGANISMS ( LABOR1 ADM9I/RATION & 9T]C\RSE MAY BE ! PR9CIPAL FACTOR 9 FURNI%+ \R C\NTRY1 BY MEANS ( F$]AL PRACTICES1 ) ! *ANNEL ?AT WILL MEET ! NE$S ( H] DIFF]5T REGIONS1 = ?IS IS ! POLITICAL1 SOCIAL & REVOLUTION>Y IMPORT ( ! ,F,A,I'S NEW /RUCTURE ACCORD+ TO ! AGREEM5TS REA*$ AT ! ,P59SUL> ,PL5UM :I* \R ORGANIZATION HELD 9 ,VAL5CIA DUR+ ! FIR/ DAYS ( ,JULY4.<#b#c#g.> 

,! ,P59SUL> ,COMMITTEE'S PROPOSALS ?AT ! ,F,A,I %\LD BECOME A LEGALLY REGI/]$ POLITICAL BODY 9 ORD] TO DEF5D ITSELF & BUILD UP A MASS AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION MET ) A HO/ILE RECEPTION FROM A SIZABLE M9ORITY ( ?OSE :O HAD REMA9$ AFFILIAT$ TO ! ORGANIZATION4 ,FEEL+S RAN P>TICUL>LY HI< 9 ,CATALONIA :]E1 DUR+ A ,REGIONAL ,PL5UM ( GR\PS ON #e-#g ,AUGU/1 ANGRY CLA%ES BROKE \T BETWE5 SUPPORT]S ( ! REORGANIZATION & ?OSE :O SAW IT AS A HI<LY DANG]\S V5TURE :I* RAN DIRECTLY CONTR>Y TO ! FUNDAM5TAL AIMS & PR9CIPLES ( AN>*ISM4 ,A SPLIT WAS ?REAT5$4 ,DISS5T HAD FOCUS$ ON ! SECTION ( ! RESOLUTION :I* /AT$3 '444 9 CONTRA/ TO \R 9HIBITIONI/ /ANCE ( ! PA/1 IT IS ! DUTY ( ALL AN>*I/S TO TAKE A PLACE 9 :ATEV] PUBLIC 9/ITUTIONS MAY S]VE TO CONSOLIDATE & TO BOL/] ! NEW /ATE ( AFFAIRS4' ,! MILITANTS TOOK ?IS AS A CLE> COMMITM5T TO POLITICAL 9T]V5TION 9 GOV]NM5T & (FICIAL 9/ITUTIONS4 

,! PROPOSAL ?AT ,F,A,I P]SONNEL DELEGAT$ TO PUBLIC (FICES W\LD BE OBLIG$ TO C>RY \T ALL MISSIONS 5TRU/$ TO !M & TO REPORT BACK ON !IR TASKS & !IR WORK TO ! COMMITTEES ALSO CAUS$ EMOTIONS TO RUN HI<4 ',ANY ,F,A,I AFFILIATE'1 ! RESOLUTION ADD$1 ':O MAY BE ASSIGN$ TO TAKE UP ANY PUBLIC (FICE -- REG>DLESS ( ! NATURE ( ?AT (FICE -- %ALL BE LIABLE TO BE DIS[N$ OR DISMISS$ FROM ?AT (FICE JU/ AS SOON AS ! ORGANIZATION'S APPROPRIATE ORGANS MAY SO DET]M9E2 & ! COMMITTEES %ALL HAVE AN OBLIGATION TO REPORT BACK ON SU* 9/ANCES ALSO4' 

,EQUALLY WORRY+ WAS ! FACT ?AT ! TRI$ & TE/$ AFF9ITY GR\P /RUCTURE :I* HAD BE5 ! CORE ( ORGANIZ$ AN>*ISM 9 ,SPA9 S9CE ! DAYS ( ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL WAS BE+ AB&ON$ & MEMB]%IP ( ! ,F,A,I WAS TO BE ?R[N OP5 TO ! VAGUELY DEF9$ 'LIKE-M9D$ 9DIVIDUALS OR MILITANTS'4 ,NEI!R WAS !RE ANY REF]5CE 9 ! RESOLUTION EI!R REAFFIRM+ AN>*I/ PR9CIPLES NOR D5\NC+ ! ,/ATE4 ,! ONLY REF]5CE TO AN>*ISM WAS ! BRIEF /ATEM5T3 ',AS AN>*I/S WE >E ! FOES ( DICTATOR%IPS1 :E!R !Y BE ! DICTATOR%IP ( CA/LE OR P>TY2 WE >E ! FOES ( ! TOTALIT>IAN =M ( GOV]NM5T & WE BELIEVE ?AT ! FUTURE ( \R PEOPLE WILL BE ! RESULT ( ! CONC]T$ ACTIONS ( ALL ?OSE SECTORS :I* COLLABORATE 9 ! CREATION ( A SOCIETY )\T PRIVILEGES1 :]E9 ! ORGANISMS ( LABOR1 ADM9I/RATION & 9T]C\RSE MAY BE ! PR9CIPAL FACTORS 9 FURNI%+ ,SPA91 BY MEANS ( F$]AL PRACTICES1 ) ! *ANNEL ?AT WILL MEET ! NE$S ( ! DIFF]5T REGIONS4'.<#b#c#h.> 

,9 SPITE ( ! ANGRY D5UNCIATIONS ( ! BETRAYAL ( AN>*I/ PR9CIPLES1 MAJORITY FEEL+ AT ! ,PL5UM WAS TO ACCEPT ! NEW =MAT 9 ITS 5TIRETY4 ,BUT GIV5 ! SIZE ( ! M9ORITY OPPOS$ !RE WAS A S]I\S ?REAT TO ! UNITY ( ! MOVEM5T4 ,A WORK+ P>TY WAS SET UP TO SEEK A COMPROMISE =MULA ?AT MI<T RECONCILE ! OPPOS+ VIEWS4 ,! WORK+ P>TY DRAFT$ A PROPOSITION ?AT WAS EV5TUALLY APPROV$ BY ALL ! GR\PS FROM ,CATALONIA ATT5D+ ! ,PL5UM3  
  

'.<,B.>E+ P]SUAD$ ?AT CORDIALITY BETWE5 MEMB]S ( ! AN>*I/ COMMUNION IS 9ESCAPABLY NECESS>Y1 WE H]EBY /ATE444 ,?AT ) REG>D TO ! RESULT ( DELIB]ATIONS HELD ON :E!R TO GRANT OR )HOLD APPROVAL FROM ! PROPOSITION DRAWN UP BY ! ,P59SUL> ,PL5UM1 & GIV5 ?AT A MAJORITY PRON\NC$ 9 FAVOR ( IT1 SAID PROPOSITION IS TAK5 AS APPROV$3 BUT IT BE+ RECOGNIZ$ ?AT !RE HAS ALSO BE5 GREAT OPPOSITION TO ?AT PROPOSITION1 SO MU* SO AS TO DEG5]ATE 9TO BLATANT ?REAT ( SPLITT+1 IT IS TO BE LEFT UP TO ! GR\PS :O DO NOT ACCEPT IT TO GO ON AS !Y HAVE HI!RTO BUT BE>+ 9 M9D ?AT !IR DECISIONS ( AN ORGANIZATIONAL NATURE WILL C>RY ! NUM]ICAL WEI<T APPROPRIATE TO ! SIZE ( !IR MEMB]%IP4'.<#b#c#i.>  
  

,! FOLL[+ WEEK1 #ad ,AUGU/1 A ,PL5UM ( DELEGATES FROM ! ,B>CELONA GR\PS AGRE$ ?AT ! ,LOCAL ,F$]ATION'S ,SECRET>IAT W\LD CALL UPON EA* W>D SEP>ATELY TO APPO9T ! REORGANIZ+ COMMISSION ( ! GR\PS4 ,IT WAS ALSO AGRE$ TO RESPECT ! AUTONOMY ( ! AFF9ITY GR\PS NOT 9 AGREEM5T ) ! NEW /RUCTURE4 ,!SE GR\PS W]E TO REMA9 \TSIDE ! NEW /RUCTURE BUT W\LD HAVE ORGANIZATIONAL REPRES5TATION AT ! PL5UMS & CONGRESSES4 

,AL?\< MEMB]%IP ( ! ,F,A,I ROCKET$1 A SIGNIFICANT NUMB] ( GR\PS REFUS$ TO COOP]ATE ) ! PROPOS$ RE/RUCTUR+ ( ! ORGANIZATION1 & A /ALEMATE 5SU$4 ,F,A,I SPOKESMAN ,ALEJ&RO ,GILAB]T S\<T TO ALLAY ! FE>S ( ! OPPOSITION GR\PS 9 AN >TICLE 9 ,SOLID>IDAD ,OBR]A 5TITL$ ',COMRADES1 ! ,F,A,I6'  
  

',IT IS NOT \T ( PLACE TO DWELL UPON ! MATT]4 ,NO AN>*I/ %\LD CEASE TO ?9K ( ! ,F,A,I AS HIS [N ORGANIZATION4 ,I HAVE SAID1 & REIT]AT$ ON MANY OCCASIONS1 ?AT A L>GE NUMB] ( AN>*I/S >E NOT ORGANIZ$ 9 ! ,F,A,I1 OBLIVI\S ( ! 5ORM\S H>M !Y DO ! LIB]T>IAN MOVEM5T BY ?IS ATTITUDE4 ,IT IS NOT 5\< TO BE A MILITANT ( ! ,C,N,T444 ! AN>*I/ MU/ PURSUE SPECIFICALLY LIB]T>IAN ACTIVITIES UND] ! EGIS & DISCIPL9E ( HIS [N ORGANIZATION4 

',?OSE COMRADES :O BELIEVE ?AT ! ,C,N,T REPRES5TS AN>*ISM >E SORELY MI/AK54 ,! ,C,N,T IS A MASS ORGANIZATION :I* DEF5DS ! MORAL & ECONOMIC 9T]E/S ( ! WORK]S1 BUT IT IS NOT A SPECIFICALLY AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION1 ?\< ITS OBJECTIVE IS ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM4 ,LET IT BE SAID ONCE & = ALL1 IT IS ! ,F,A,I ?AT REPRES5TS AN>*ISM4 ,IT IS TRUE !RE HAVE BE5 9NUM]ABLE CIRCUM/ANCES ?AT =C$ MANY AN>*I/S TO HOLD BACK SOME:AT FROM ! ,F,A,I1 BUT IT IS NO LESS TRUE ?AT ?OSE CIRCUM/ANCES HAVE BE5 OV]COME & BEAT54 ,TODAY !RE IS A PLACE 9 ! ,F,A,I = ALL LIB]T>IAN ELEM5TS4 ,! NEW ORGANIZATIONAL =MAT ) :I* ! ,F,A,I HAS 5D[$ ITSELF (F]S ! MOVEM5T GREAT] BREAD? & AF=DS EA* MILITANT SOME:]E TO BE ACTIVE TO SOME EFFECT4'  
  

,! ',FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI'1 AN IMPORTANT GR\P ( RANK-&-FILE ACTIVI/S ORIG9AT+ FROM ! ,DURRUTI ,COLUMN1 PROVID$ ! MO/ P]CEPTIVE ANALYSIS ( :AT ! *ANGES 9 ! ,F,A,I /RUCTURE MEANT4 ,S9CE ! E>LY SPR+ ( #aicg :5 !IR PAP]1 ,EL ,AMIGO DEL ,PUEBLO1 FIR/ APPE>$ ?IS 'CONSCI\S M9ORITY' HAD BE5 ! ONLY ORGANIZ$ SECTION )9 ! MOVEM5T TO PUBLICLY *ALL5GE ! EV]-DEEP5+ EMBROILM5T ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I 'ADM9I/RATORS' 9 COLLABORATION & URGE A RETURN TO ! REVOLUTION>Y SPIRIT ( ! SUMM] ( #a#i#c#f4 ,! ',FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI' SAW ! REAL PURPOSE BEH9D ! *ANGES ?AT W\LD ONLY B5EFIT SELF-S]V+ ELITI/S -- TO JU/IFY & P]PETUATE COLLABORATION4 ,! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I LEAD]%IP HAD GONE SO F> D[N ! GOV]NM5TAL ROAD ?AT ! SITUATIONAL ETIQUETTE ( ! WORK+ RELATION%IP !Y HAD E/ABLI%$ ) /ATE FUNCTION>IES MEANT !Y HAD N[ BECOME P>T ( ! AU?ORITY SY/EM ?AT1 AS AN>*I/S1 !Y HAD PREVI\SLY REPUDIAT$4 ,!Y HAD BECOME P>T ( ! PROBLEM4 ,TO )DRAW FROM GOV]NM5T N[ W\LD BE A PUBLIC ADMISSION ?AT !IR REPUDIATION ( ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM & ALL !IR ACTIONS TO DATE HAD BE5 DE/RUCTIVE & NEGATIVE4 ,! SEQU5TIAL DYNAMIC ( !IR POSITION LEFT !M ) NO *OICE BUT TO SEE COLLABORATION ?R\< RI<T TO ! BITT] 5D4 ,IF SOCIAL REVOLUTION W]E TO BE RE/OR$ TO ! AG5DA IT W\LD NOT COME ?R\< ! (FICIAL APP>ATUS ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I3  
  

',! REAL MEAN+ ( ! DECISION .<( ! ,F,A,I ,PL5UM ( #e-#g ,AUGU/.> IS ! FACT ?AT ! B& ( COMRADES :O RECOMM5D ?IS METAMORPHOSIS AIM NOT ONLY TO SEE ! ,F,A,I POSSESS$ ( AN ORGANIZATION /RUCTURE SIMIL> TO ?AT ( O!R SECTORS1 BUT ALSO1 ON ! BASIS ( ?IS ILL-CONSID]$ /EP1 ! 9T5TION IS TO P]PETUATE ! GOV]NM5TAL COLLABORATION BEGUN AFT] ,JULY4 ,AT ! V]Y MOM5T :5 A COMPLETE REASSESSM5T ( MI/AKES IS CALL$ = ! ]ROR IS COMP\ND$ & ! :OLE CATALOG ( CATA/ROPHES & C\NT]-REVOLUTION BLESS$ & ABSOLV$4 

',! LESSON HAS BE5 9 VA94 ,DUR+ ! C\RSE ( ! PA/ YE> IT HAS BECOME CLE> ?AT IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO %>E REVOLUTION>Y RESPONSIBILITY ) ! PETITE B\RGEOISIE & ) ?OSE P>TIES ?AT1 AL?\< !Y CLAIM ! LABEL ',M>XI/'1 >E SELF-EVID5TLY APP5DAGES ( ! DESKOCRACY4 ,BUT COMMON S5SE HAS YET TO HAVE ITS WAY 9 \R RANKS4 

',IT HAS BE5 /AT$ ) ! UTMO/ CL>ITY ?AT ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM IS BE+ =SWORN = ! SAKE ( A RAPPRO*EM5T ) ANTIFASCI/ GR\P+S4 ,EXCELL5T6 ,>E !SE O!R GR\P+S BY SOME *ANCE =SWE>+ !IR PROGRAMS SO AS TO W9 OV] ! ,C,N,T & ! ,F,A,I 

',IT IS TRULY DEPLORABLE ?AT C]TA9 COMRADES ) A LONG HI/ORY 9 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T HAVE YET TO GRASP ! REASON :Y ! AN>*I/ GR\PS HAVE BE5 ABLE TO WORK FEATS ( SU* COLOSSAL IMPORTANCE1 :I* MAY BE EQUAL$ BUT CANNOT POSSIBLY BE \TDONE4 ,& IT DEFIES UND]/&+ ?AT1 5T]+ ONCE AGA9 A P]IOD ( OPPRESSION1 !RE IS ?IS WI% TO TE> UP ! =MULA :I* HAS OP5$ UP SO MANY POSSIBILITIES TO ! /RUGGLES WAG$ BY ! ',BUT :AT REALLY DI/URBS US IS ! NEW PROGRAM ?AT IS TO TAKE ! PLACE ( ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM4 ,WILL ! CONFUSION ?AT FAVORS ONLY P>V5US & 9DIVIDUALS :O SEEK ONLY TO 'GET ON' AT ! EXP5SE ( ! PROLET>IAT PREVAIL8 ,IS ! AIM ?AT \R ORGANIZATION %\LD BE A MA9/AY ( B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY & ( =EIGN CAPITALISM TO BOOT8 

',IT APPE>S ?AT ?IS NEW APPROA* IS 9 L9E ) C]TA9 $ITORIALS ?AT HAVE APPE>$ 9 ,SOLID>IDAD ,OBR]A4 ,!RE IS TALK ( GOV]N+4 ,BUT H[ TO GO AB\T GOV]N+8 ,IS !RE TO BE A REPETITION ( ! HYBRID >RANGEM5TS ?AT HAVE BE5 CONCOCT$ OV] ! PA/ YE>S ( C\NT]-REVOLUTION8 ,WILL !RE BE GOV]NM5T >M 9 >M ) ! PETITE B\RGEOISIE8 

',A FEW DAYS AGO ONE ( ! COMRADES :O ADVOCATE ?IS NEW APPROA* /AT$ PUBLICLY ?AT WE AGRE$ ) A C]TA9 S5T5CE OR NOTION VOIC$ BY ,MANUEL ,AZANA 9 HIS LATE/ ADDRESS4 ,BUT CAN ?IS POSSIBLY BE SAID8 ,AZANA SPOKE ( A REGIME ( FRE$OM4 ,BUT IS ANYONE GO+ TO BELIEVE ?AT ,AZANA CAN ASSURE ! WORK+ CLASS ( A S+LE ATOM ( FRE$OM8 ,& :AT IS ?IS FRE$OM ( :I* ,AZANA SPEAKS TO US8 ,& H[ >E WE AN>*I/S GO+ TO SEE EYE TO EYE ) ONE ( ! BIGGE/ TYRANTS ! PROLET>IAT HAS HAD TO PUT UP )8'.<#b#d.>  
  

,BY ! 5D ( ,AUGU/ #a#i#c#g1 ) ! BREAKUP ( ! ,C\NCIL ( ,>AGON1 ! LA/ /RON<OLD ( AN>*I/ PRACTICE1 ! ,SPANI% REVOLUTION1 P]HAPS ! MO/ PR(\ND & 9SPIR+ SOCIAL EXP]IM5T 9 RECORD$ HI/ORY1 WAS OV]2 ! ,REPUBLICAN B\RGEOISIE & ! ,SOVIET ADVIS]S ( ! ,SPANI% ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY W]E FREE FROM ! IMM$IATE DANG] FROM ! 5EMY )9 -- ! ,CATALAN ,NATIONALI/S HAD BE5 NEUTRALIZ$1 ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY HAD BE5 SPLIT & ! 9FLU5CE ( ! 'CONSCI\S M9ORITY' ( AN>*I/S HAD COLLAPS$ -- BUT !Y 7:O HAD SE5 !IR LEAD]S ACQUIESCE7 W]E TOO LATE4 ,HAV+ SURR5D]$ !IR POLITICAL1 MILIT>Y & ECONOMIC P[] TO !IR [N LEAD]S1 !Y HAD SE5 !SE LEAD]S ACQUIESCE 9 ! SY/EMATIC DISMANTLEM5T ( !IR A*IEVEM5TS1 ! T]RORIZ+1 IMPRISONM5T & MURD] ( !IR MILITANTS.<#b#d#a.>1 & ! P]V]SION ( !IR ASPIRATIONS = A FREE SOCIETY \T ( ALL ID5TIFIABLE %APE4 ,) NO?+ LEFT TO FI<T =1 IT WAS N[ JU/ A MATT] ( TIME BE=E ! WILL TO RESI/ COLLAPS$1 TAK+ ) IT ! ,SECOND ,REPUBLIC & ?AT 9/ITUTIONAL MON/ROSITY :I* HAD GR[N \T ( :AT HAD ONCE BE5 A GREAT WORK+-CLASS ASSOCIATION -- ! ,F,A,I6 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

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