,*APT] #bb #ai ,JULY #aicf ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,/U>T ,*RI/IE ,TEXT 3 #b#b3 #ai ,JULY #aicf ,A RIY RIS+ HAD BE5 OBTA9$ AS E>LY AS #ac ,JULY BY ,C,N,T-,F,A,I ! ,C,N,T ,REGIONAL ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE ( ,CATALONIA FROM !IR 9=MANTS 9 ! B>RACKS4 ,! ANTI-FASCI/ 9ITIATIVE WAS TAK5 BY ! ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE1 :O BEGAN TO SPE$ UP !IR PLANS TO RESI/ ! MILIT>Y1 BUT !IR WORK WAS DELIB]ATELY OB/RUCT$ BY A GOV]NM5TAL DECREE ON #ad ,JULY ?AT ORD]$ ! CLOSURE ( ALL ,C,N,T LOCALS - A GE/URE 9T5D$ PRIM>ILY1 NO D\BT1 TO APPEASE ! RI ,ON #af ,JULY ! ,CATALAN ,C,N,T CONV5$ A ,REGIONAL ,PL5UM TO F9ALIZE RESI/ANCE PLANS4 ,?AT SAME MORN+ ! ,G5]ALITAT REQUE/$ A MEET+ ) REPRES5TATIVES ( ! ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEES ( ! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I TO DISCUSS COLLABORATION AGA9/ ! APPROA*+ 'FASCI/ DANG]'4 ,A SPECIAL FIVE-MAN COMMITTEE WAS APPO9T$ TO LIAISE ) ! ,G5]ALITAT1 N[ PRESID$ OV] BY ,LLUIS ,COMPANYS3 ,SANTILLAN1 ,OLIV] & ,ASCASO REPRES5T+ ! ,F,A,I2 ,DURRUTI & ,AS5S REPRES5T+ ! ,C,N,T4 .<#a#i#i.> ,! AN>*I/S AGA9 PRESS$ ,COMPANYS TO KEEP HIS P>T ( ! B>GA9 /RUCK AT ! BEG9N+ ( ! YE> & GIVE !M AT LEA/ 5\< >MS = A ?\S& M54 ,! REPLY WAS ?AT ! ,G5]ALITAT HAD NONE TO GIVE4 ,?R\<\T ?IS P]IOD ! >M$ ,C,N,T ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE PATROLS ON ! /REETS W]E BE+ >RE/$ & *>G$ ) ILLEGAL POSSESSION ( >MS4 ,9 SPITE ( ! SU/A9$ H>ASSM5T ( ! AN>*I/S BY BO? ! C5TRAL & ,CATALAN GOV]NM5TS1 ! DISCUSSIONS ) ! ,G5]ALITAT L$ TO AN AGREEM5T ?AT ! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I W\LD COLLABORATE ) ! ,CATALAN GOV]NM5T & ALL O!R P>TIES & ORGANIZATIONS PREP>$ TO CONFRONT FASCISM4 .<#b.> ,! FACT ( ! MATT] WAS ?AT 9 SPITE ( !1 BY N[1 IRREFUTABLE EVID5CE ?AT ADVANC$ PREP>ATIONS = A MILIT>Y RIS+ W]E UND] WAY1 NEI!R ,COMPANYS NOR ,PRIME ,M9I/] ,CAS>ES ,QUIROGA TRU/$ ! AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ ,C,N,T & REFUS$ TO CONSID] >M+ A MASS LABOR UNION :OSE /AT$ OBJECTIVE WAS SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,! PROSPECT ( UNLEA%+ A SOCIAL REVOLUTION BY >M+ ! PEOPLE WAS MORE CATA/ROPHIC ?AN ! ALT]NATIVE SC5>IO ( A MILIT>Y C\P & FASCISM4 ,! SLOGAN ( REACTION WAS1 AT LEA/1 ! DEF5SE ( TRADITION1 FAMILY & PROP]TY6 ,! ,B>CELONA POLICE *IEF ,F$]ICO ,ESC(ET WAS QUITE PREP>$ TO >M ! SOCIALI/ ,U,G,T BUT1 AS HE EXPLA9$3 ',TO >M ! ,C,N,T REPRES5T$ AN IMM$IATE OR LAT] DANG] = ! ,REPUBLICAN REGIME 9 ,CATALONIA - AS MU* ( A DANG] = ITS EXI/5CE AS ! MILIT>Y REBELLION444 ,COMPANYS & ,I AGRE$ ON ! NECESSITY ( NOT DI/RIBUT+ ! >MS444BECAUSE ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I WAS ! DOM9ANT =CE4 ,!SE >M$ ELEM5TS1 :O UND\BT$LY W\LD PROVIDE 9VALUABLE ASSI/ANCE 9 ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! REBELS1 C\LD ALSO 5DANG] ! EXI/5CE ( ! ,REPUBLIC & ! GOV]NM5T ( ! ,G5]ALITAT4'.<#b#a.> ,! ,C,N,T ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE1 BAS$ 9 ! WORK+-CLASS SUBURB ( ,PUEBLO ,NUEVO 9 ,B>CELONA1 KNEW FULL WELL IT C\LD EXPECT NO HELP FROM \TSIDE S\RCES & HAD ALREADY BEGUN TO PROCURE ITS [N >MS4 ,ON #ag ,JULY1 MILITANTS FROM ! TRANSPORT WORK]S SECTION ( ! ,C,N,T 7MANY ( :OM W]E LAT] TO =M ! CORE ( :AT BECAME KN[N AS ! ',FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI' GR\P7 /ORM$ TWO %IPS AN*OR$ 9 ! PORT & REMOV$ >\ND #ae RIFLES & A DOZ5 OR SO H&GUNS4 ,! ,CONF$]AL ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE ORGANIZ$ RAIDS ON >MORIES & GUN %OPS :ILE ANTIQUE & DILAPIDAT$ RIFLES & REVOLV]S1 AS WELL AS ! MORE MOD]N 4#c ,W9*E/]S DISC>D$ BY ! DEFEAT$ ,ESQU]RA 9 ! WAKE ( ! ,OCTOB] #aicd RIS+1 APPE>$ FROM !IR HID+ PLACES4 ,! ,REGIONAL ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,C,N,T & ! ,LIAISON ,COMMISSION ( ! ,AN>*I/ ,GR\PS1 :I* 9CLUD$ ALL ! MEMB]S ( ! ,NOSOTROS GR\P1 ,ASCASO1 ,DURRUTI1 ,OLIV]1 ,JOV] & ,AURELIO ,F]N&EZ1 W]E FULLY PREP>$ = ! /RUGGLE :I* !Y KNEW W\LD SOON TAKE PLACE 9 ! /REETS ( ! CITIES4 ,! !ORI/S1 ON ! O!R H&1 W]E NOTICEABLE BY !IR ABS5CE4 .<#b#b.> ,A DETAIL$ CONT+5CY PLAN WAS READY TO GO 9TO OP]ATION IMM$IATELY !Y RECEIV$ ! SIGNAL ?AT ! MILIT>Y PUTS* HAD BE5 LAUN*$4 ,! ,NOSOTROS GR\P W]E NOT REVOLUTION>Y /RATEGI/S :O DIRECT$ OP]ATIONS FROM BEH9D1 BUT AN>*I/S :O L$ BY 9SPIRATION & EXAMPLE4 ,TO 5SURE EASE ( COMMUNICATION ) ! CONF$]AL DEF5SE CADRES AT !IR DESIGNAT$ /RATEGIC LOCATIONS >\ND ! CITY1 !Y HAD PREP>$ & FITT$ TWO TRUCKS AS MOBILE HEADQU>T]S ?AT C\LD MOVE ) ! FI ,COMMITTEE1 ! ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEE ( ,CATALONIA & ! LOCAL ,F$]ATION ( ,AN>*I/ ,GR\PS 7,F,A,I7 TOGE!R ) ! ,LOCAL ,F$]ATION & ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,LIB]T>IAN ,Y\? ,ORGANIZATION 7,J,J4,L,L4 _/,F,I,J,L7 ISSU$ A /ATEM5T :I* BROKE ! FIR/ NEWS TO ! PUBLIC ?AT ! >MY HAD F9ALLY RIS5 9 ,MOROCCO3 ',! FASCI/ DANG] IS NO LONG] A ?REAT BUT A BLOODY REALITY444 ,A SECTION ( ! >MY HAS RIS5 9 >MS AGA9/ ! PEOPLE 9 AN ATTEMPT TO IMPOSE ON US ! MO/ ATROCI\S TYRANNY4 ,?IS IS NO TIME = VACILLATION4 ,\R AGREEM5TS MU/ N[ BE PUT 9TO PRACTICE4 ,9 EA* LOCALITY ! AN>*I/ & ,LIB]T>IAN ,Y\? GR\PS WILL OP]ATE 9 ! CLOSE/ POSSIBLE CONTACT ) ! RESPONSIBLE COMMITTEES ( ! ,C,N,T4 ,CONFRONTATIONS ) ! ANTI-FASCI/ =CES MU/ BE AVOID$1 :OEV] !Y MAY BE3 ! CATEGORICAL IMP]ATIVE ( ! H\R IS TO DEFEAT MILIT>I/IC1 CL]ICAL & >I/OCRATIC FASCISM4 ,DO NOT LOSE CONTACT1 :I* HAS TO BE P]MAN5T1 ) ! ,SPECIFIC ORGANIZATION 7,F,A,I71 BO? REGIONAL & NATIONAL4 ,LONG LIVE ! ,REVOLUTION6 ,DEA? TO ,FASCISM6' .<#b#c.> ,AT #iPM ON ,SATURDAY EV5+1 #ah ,JULY1 ! EVE ( ! REBELLION ON ! MA9L&1 ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I LIAISON COMMITTEE MET AGA9 ) ,PRESID5T ,COMPANYS TO DISCUSS ! SITUATION4 ,AGA9 ,COMPANYS 9SI/$ ?AT ! ONLY >MS AT ! DISPOSAL ( ! ,G5]ALITAT W]E ?OSE ( ! ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS & ! ,MOSSOS DE ,ESQUADRA1 ! DEF5SE GR\PS ( ! ,G5]ALITAT4 ,AN H\R LAT] ! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I HELD A JO9T MEET+ TO BRIEF ! MILITANTS ?AT ! ONLY >MS !Y W]E LIKELY TO GET W\LD BE ?OSE !Y SEIZ$ !MSELVES4 ,:5 ! ,B>CELONA G>RISON F9ALLY MOV$ \T ( !IR B>RACKS AT #d4#cAM ON ! MORN+ ( #ai ,JULY !Y LACK$ AN ESS5TIAL +R$I5T = SUCCESS -- SURPRISE6 ,)9 M9UTES FACTORY & %IPS' SIR5S WAIL$ !IR PRE>RANG$ SIGNAL ACROSS ! CITY TO ! #c OR SO CONF$]AL DEF5SE CADRES ON ! /REETS ?AT ! RIS+ HAD />T$4 ,! TWO MOBILE COMM& C5T]S RUMBL$ (F TO !IR PRE>RANG$ VANTAGE PO9TS4 ,! WAIL+ SIR5S ALSO SIGNAL$ ! PASS+ ( P[] FROM ! BACKROOMS ( ! ,G5]ALITAT1 ! ,CAPTA9CY ,G5]AL & ! POLICE HEADQU>T]S TO ! UNION LOCALS & LOCAL REVOLUTION>Y COMMITTEES4 ,HAV+ SUCCESSFULLY ISOLAT$ & DEFEAT$ ! UNITS FROM ! V>I\S B>RACKS1 PREV5T+ !M JO9+ UP1 ! PR9CIPAL /RATEGIC OBJECTIVE = ! ,REGIONAL ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE1 ! COORD9AT+ BODY ( ! WORK]S' RESI/ANCE1 WAS ! >S5AL AT ! ,SAN ,&RES B>RACKS4 ,AN>*I/ SYMPA?IZ]S 9 ! B>RACKS HAD 9=M$ !M ?AT #c1 RIFLES & AMMUNITION W]E /OR$ !RE4 ,IF !Y MANAG$ TO SEIZE ! ,SAN ,&RES >S5AL !Y C\LD >M ! PEOPLE1 ! REBELLION W\LD BE CRU%$ & ,B>CELONA W\LD BE !IRS4 ,AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ TELEPHONE WORK]S ALREADY HELD & HAD SUCCESSFULLY DEF5D$ ! MA9 TELEPHONE EX*ANGE 9 ! ,PLAZA DE ,CATALUNYA1 AN IMPORTANT /RATEGIC T>GET = ! W\LD-BE REBELS4 ,C,N,T-,F,A,I CONTROL ( ! ,TELEFONICA1 :I* !Y %>$ ) ! ,U,G,T1 WAS TO CONTRIBUTE MU* TO ! DURABILITY ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I PR$OM9ANCE 9 ,CATALONIA4 ,AS ONE ( ! REAL & SYMBOLIC C5T]S ( P[] IT GAVE ! WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS CONTROL OV] 9T]NAL & EXT]NAL COMMUNICATIONS & 9HIBIT$ ! REASS]TION ( /ATE P[]4 ,FOLL[+ ! BLOODY ',MAY ,DAYS' ( #a#i#c#g1 ! RE/ORATION ( ! ,TELEFONICA TO ! ,CATALAN /ATE ON ! 9/RUCTIONS ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I LEAD]%IP SEAL$ ! FULL RE/ORATION ( /ATE P[] & ! F9AL COLLAPSE ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,POLICE ,*IEF ,ESC(ET DID EV]Y?+ 9 HIS P[] TO PREV5T ! WEAPONS 9 ! ,SAN ,&RES >S5AL FALL+ 9TO ! H&S ( ! MILITANTS4 ,HE KNEW ?AT ONCE ! PEOPLE TOOK POSSESSION ( ?OSE >MS ! MONOPOLY ( CO]CION :I* GAVE ! /ATE ITS AU?ORITY W\LD BE BROK5 & /ATE P[] W\LD COLLAPSE4 ,A COMPANY ( LOYAL ,CIVIL ,GU>DS W]E S5T TO DEF5D ! BUILD+ BUT !Y >RIV$ TOO LATE -- ! B>RACKS HAD ALREADY BE5 9VAD$ & RANSACK$ BY CR[DS ( WORK]S4 ,?IS WAS ! PIVOTAL EV5T ?AT TRANS=M$ A MILIT>Y C\P 9TO A SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 ! BRIEF MOM5T :5 POLITICAL P[] %IFT$ FROM ! ,G5]ALITAT ,PALACE TO ! UNION BRAN*ES & ! LOCAL REVOLUTION>Y COMMITTEES4 ,MANY ( ! SECURITY =CES ?AT HAD REMA9$ LOYAL TO ! ,REPUBLIC BEGAN ?R[+ (F !IR UNI=MS & JO9$ ! PEOPLE 9 >MS4 ,ON ! MORN+ ( #b ,JULY1 ,ESC(ET REPORT$ TO ,PRESID5T ,COMPANYS ?AT ! REBELLION HAD BE5 PUT D[N1 AS HE HAD PROMIS$4 ,COMPANYS REPLI$ ACIDLY ?AT ?AT WAS ALL V]Y WELL BUT ! SITUATION REMA9$ *AOTIC4 ,>M$ & UNCONTROLLABLE MOBS W]E RAMPAG+ ?R\< ! /REETS4 ,ESC(ET ?REW ! BALL BACK 9TO ! POLITICIAN'S C\RT3 ',PRESID5T1 ,I UND]TOOK TO DOM9ATE ! MILIT>Y REVOLT 9 ,B>CELONA1 & ,I HAVE DONE ?IS4 ,BUT AN AU?ORITY REQUIRES ! MEANS ( CO]CION TO MAKE ITSELF OBEY$ & !SE MEANS DO NOT EXI/ TODAY4 ,AS A RESULT1 !RE IS NO AU?ORITY4 ,& ,I1 MY DE> ,PRESID5T1 DO NOT KN[ H[ TO P]=M MIRACLES444= ! MOM5T WE >E ALL OV]COME BY ! SITUATION1 9CLUD+ ! LEAD]S ( ! ,C,N,T4 ,! ONLY SOLUTION1 ,PRESID5T1 IS TO CONTA9 ! SITUATION POLITICALLY1 )\T M9IMIZ+ \R RESPECTIVE AU?ORITIES4'.<#b#d.> ,! SUCCESSFUL SPONTANE\S 9SURRECTION ( ! ,B>CELONA WORK+ CLASS1 UND] AN>*I/ 9SPIRATION & LEAD]%IP1 HAD A*IEV$ ?AT R>E/ ( EXCEPTIONS3 'A REAL VICTORY ( 9SURRECTION OV] ! MILIT>Y 9 /REET FI ,) ! COLLAPSE ( ! MILIT>Y & RIT]S 9 ! ,CASA ,CAMBO BUILD+ 9 ! ,VIA ,LAYETANA TO ASSESS ! SITUATION & TO DISCUSS ! ROLE !Y FELT !Y W]E BE+ CALL$ ON TO PLAY4 ,!IR POSITION WAS AMBIGU\S TO SAY ! LEA/2 ! /ATE APP>ATUS HAD COLLAPS$ & POLITICAL P[] N[ LAY ) ! SPONTANE\SLY CREAT$ & 9DEP5D5T REVOLUTION>Y COMMITTEES 9 ! FACTORIES1 NEIAGOZA ,CONGRESS E>LI] ?AT YE>4 ,F$]ICO ,URALES HAD >GU$1 CONV9C+LY1 ?AT ! GREAT UNIONS & ! MAMMO? 9DU/RIAL F$]ATIONS W\LD CEASE TO EXI/ 'BY REASON ( ! SU/A9$ DEC5TRALIZATION ( ! F$]AL COMPACT ( SOLID>ITY'4 ,9 EFFECT1 ! ACT ( REVOLUTION SPELT DEA? = ! OLD SY/EM -- 9CLUD+ ! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I AS ORGANIZATIONS4 ,URALES >GU$ ?AT ! PRODUC] WAS 9VOLV$ BO? 9 ! ECONOMIC SPH]E 9 ! WORKPLACE & AS AN ADM9I/RATIVE-POLITICAL CONSUM] )9 ! MUNICIPALITY4 ,! ASSEMBLY BE+ SOV]EIGN 9 WORK AS WELL AS 9 ! MUNICIPALITY !RE W\LD BE NO ROOM = ANY?+ SEP>ATE FROM & \TSIDE !SE TWO ASPECTS ( DAILY LIFE -- 9CLUD+ ! ,C,N,T6 ,AS ! POLICE *IEF HAD =ESE51 ! ADM9I/RATIVE LEAD]%IP ( ! ,C,N,T1 OV]TAK5 BY EV5TS1 HAD BE5 AS SURPRIS$ AS ! POLITICIANS AT ! %IFT 9 P[] :I* HAD TAK5 PLACE OV]NIY PROCESS :I* ?REAT5$ TO MAKE !IR ROLE SUP]FLU\S1 !Y BEGAN TO HAVE SECOND ?\TS !Y D\BT$ ! ABILITY ( ! PEOPLE TO ADM9I/] !IR [N LIVES 9 !IR [N 9T]E/S4 ,9 SPITE ( ALL !IR E>LI] ?REATS ( SOCIAL REVOLUTION 9 RESPONSE TO ! RIY PREP>$NESS -- ! '9FLU5TIAL MILITANTS' :O MET 9 ! ,CASA ,CAMBO ON #b ,JULY #aicf CONCLUDE1 ! OBJECTIVE CONDITIONS = SOCIAL REVOLUTION W]E NOT RI1 AL?\< IT HAD TRIGG]$ ! REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION1 W\LD BE ! *IEF OB/ACLE TO ! CONSOLIDATION ( ! REVOLUTION & W\LD ULTIMATELY DE/ROY IT4 ,! HI<] COMMITTEES ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I-,F,I,J,L 9 ,CATALONIA SAW !MSELVES CAUDLESS ( ! DIFFICULTIES 9VOLV$ 9 FI ( FASCISM 7OR ( ! PEOPLE71 !Y SACRIFIC$ !IR AN>*I/ PR9CIPLES & REVOLUTION>Y OBJECTIVES TO BOL/] & BECOME P>T ( ! B\RGEOIS /ATE 9 ! HOPE IT W\LD UND]GO A TRANSITION AFT] ! DEFEAT ( FASCISM & BECOME A G5U9ELY HUMANE ORGAN ( P[]1 OP]AT+ 9TO ! 9T]E/S ( ! PEOPLE4 ,FAC$ ) AN IMP]FECT /ATE ( AFFAIRS & PREF]R+ DEFEAT TO A POSSIBLY ,PYRRHIC VICTORY1 ! ,CATALAN AN>*I/ LEAD]%IP R5\NC$ AN>*ISM 9 ! NAME ( EXP$I5CY & REMOV$ ! SOCIAL TRANS=MATION ( ,SPA9 FROM !IR AG5DA4 ,BUT :AT ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I LEAD]S FAIL$ TO GRASP WAS ?AT ! DECISION :E!R OR NOT TO IMPLEM5T ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM WAS NOT !IRS TO MAKE4 ,AN>*ISM WAS NOT SOME?+ ?AT C\LD BE TRANS=M$ FROM !ORY 9TO PRACTICE BY ORGANIZATIONAL DECREE4 ,! AN>*I/S HAD P]=M$ !IR TASK AS PA?F9D]S & %OCK TROOPS ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,!Y HAD IMPLANT$ ! IDEAS & HELP$ CREATE ! NECESS>Y 5VIRONM5T 9 :I* ?OSE IDEAS & PRACTICES C\LD BE N\RI%$ & GR[ TO FL[]1 BUT IT WAS BEYOND !IR BRIEF OR ABILITIES TO PUT AN>*ISM 9TO PRACTICE2 ?AT WAS A TASK ONLY ! PEOPLE !MSELVES C\LD P]=M4 ,! AN>*I/S HAD REV]T$ ONCE AGA9 TO !IR HI/ORICAL ROLE ( ! 'CONSCI\S M9ORITY'1 ! ROLE !Y >E DE/9$ TO PLAY 9 ALL SOCIETIES -- AU?ORIT>IAN1 TOTALIT>IAN & LIB]T>IAN4 ,:AT ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I LEAD]%IP HADN'T TAK5 ON BO>D WAS ! FACT ?AT SPONTANE\S DEF5SIVE MOVEM5T ( #ai ,JULY HAD DEVELOP$ A POLITICAL DIRECTION ( ITS [N4 ,ON !IR [N 9ITIATIVE1 )\T ANY 9T]V5TION BY ! LEAD]%IP ( ! UNIONS OR POLITICAL P>TIES1 ! RANK-&-FILE MILITANTS ( ! ,C,N,T1 REPRES5T+ ! DOM9ANT =CE )9 ! ,B>CELONA WORK+ CLASS1 TOGE!R ) O!R UNION MILITANTS HAD1 ) ! COLLAPSE ( /ATE P[]1 SUP]S$$ !IR 9DIVIDUAL P>TISAN ID5TITIES & HAD BE5 WELD$ -- ,CA?OLICS1 COMMUNI/S1 SOCIALI/S1 REPUBLICANS & AN>*I/S -- 9TO G5U9ELY POPUL> NONP>TIZAN REVOLUTION>Y COMMITTEES WIELD+ PHYSICAL & MORAL P[] 9 !IR RESPECTIVE NEI P[]4 ,! ASSUMPTION ?AT POLITICAL P[] 9 ,CATALONIA HAD PASS$ TO ! HI<] COMMITTEES ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I WAS1 PROBABLY1 ! PR9CIPAL BLUND] :I* WAS TO UND]M9E ! REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS4 ,BY FAIL+ TO DISPLACE ! 'LEGITIMATE' POLITICAL ELEM5T )9 ! /ATE1 ! MILIT>Y PROVOK$ ! COLLAPSE ( ,/ATE P[]4 ,IT WAS ! PEOPLE1 L$ BY ! MILITANTS ( ! DEF5SE COMMITTEES1 :O HAD /OOD FIRM AGA9/ ! REACTION>IES :ILE ! GOV]NM5T HAD FAIL$ TO ACT4 ,9 DO+ SO IT LO/ ANY RIIES :ILE ! GOV]NM5T HAD FAIL$ TO ACT44 ,! PEOPLE N[ WIELD$ P[] -- 9 ! WORK+-CLASS QU>T]S & AT ! PO9TS ( PRODUCT & DI/RIBUTION - NOT ! ,/ATE OR ! UNION LEAD]S :O HAD N[ \TLIV$ !IR USEFULNESS TO ! REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS4 ,A DUAL P[] SITUATION EXI/$ -- DIFFUS$ POPUL> P[] AGA9/ C5TRALIZ$ POLITICAL & UNION P[]4 ,FROM ! FIR/ MOM5T1 !RE=E1 ! HI<] COMMITTEES ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I SET ASIDE TRADITIONAL AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ RELIANCE ON ! CREATIVE SPIRIT ( ! PEOPLE & !IR CAPACITY = SELF-ORGANIZATION4 ,!Y BL9DLY DISREG>D$ ,ISAAC ,PU5TE'S W>N+ 9 ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM ?AT '!RE %\LD BE NO SUP]/RUCTURE ABOVE ! LOCAL ORGANIZATION O!R ?AN ?AT ) A SPECIFIC FUNCTION :I* CANNOT BE C>RI$ \T LOCALLY'1 !REBY BECOM+ ! UNWITT+ AG5TS 9 A TRAGICALLY DE/RUCTIVE PROCESS4 ,BY IMPOS+ !IR LEAD]%IP FROM ABOVE1 !SE P>TISAN COMMITTEES SUFFOCAT$ ! MU%ROOM+ POPUL> AUTONOM\S REVOLUTION>Y C5T]S -- ! GRASS-ROOTS FACTORY & LOCAL REVOLUTION>Y COMMITTEES1 ! ID5TIFY+ FEATURE ( ALL GREAT REVOLUTIONS -- & PREV5T$ !M FROM PROV+ !MSELVES AS AN EFFICI5T & VIABLE MEANS ( COORD9AT+ COMMUNICATIONS1 DEF5SE & PROVISION+4 ,!Y ALSO PREV5T$ ! LOCAL REVOLUTION>Y COMMITTEES FROM 9TEGRAT+ ) EA* O!R TO =M A REGIONAL1 PROV9CIAL & NATIONAL F$]AL NETWORK ?AT W\LD FACILITATE ! REVOLUTION>Y TASK ( SOCIAL & ECONOMIC RECON/RUCTION4 ,! PROCESS BY :I* ?IS OCCURR$ 9VOLV$ MANY COMPLEX FACTORS1 PSY*OLOGICAL AS WELL AS POLITICAL4 ,P>TICUL>LY P[]FUL W]E ! CLOSE TIES ( LOYALTY & ! MORAL IMP]ATIVES ( SOLID>ITY :I* B\ND ! 9DIVIDUAL ,C,N,T RANK-&-FILE MILITANTS TO ! ORGANIZATION & :I* MADE !M HESITATE TO EXPRESS PUBLIC DISAGREEM5T ) ! C\RSE ( ACTION BE+ PURSU$ BY ! LEAD]%IP AT A TIME ( CRISIS4 ,EQUALLY1 ! %>P BREAK ) NORMAL DEMOCRATIC UNION PROC$URES DUE TO ! 'CIRCUM/ANCES' ( W>1 GOV]NM5TAL COLLABORATION & ! NE$ = 'ANTIFASCI/ UNITY' L$ TO ! HI<] COMMITTEES RUL+ '9 ! '9T]E/S' ( ! BASE4 ,!IR MORAL AU?ORITY BECAME TRANS=M$ 9TO CO]CIVE AU?ORITY4 ,MILITANTS FROM ! B>RIO COMMITTEES 7:I* HAD L$ & COORD9AT$ ! /RUGGLE ?R\<\T ! CITY71 :O W]E S5T ON BEHALF ( ?OSE LOCAL COMMITTEES TO ! NEW ,C,N,T-,F,A,I HEADQU>T]S = 9=MATION & 9/RUCTION1 W]E >BITR>ILY CO-OPT$ 9TO ! C5TRALIZ$ UNION APP>ATUS4 ,M>IANO ,R4 ,VAZQUEZ 7',M>IANET'71 ! NEWLY APPO9T$ ,C,N,T ,CATALAN REGIONAL SECRET>Y 7& ,F,A,I MEMB]7 WAS ONE ( ! LEAD]S PR9CIPALLY RESPONSIBLE = ?IS POLICY3 ',Y\R PLACE IS H]E1 NOT 9 ! 'LOCALS' IS H[ HE GREET$ SUITABLE LOCAL MILITANTS :O CAME 9 SE>* ( NEWS4 .<#b#f.> ,F$]ICA ,MONTS5Y1 S5T BY ! REVOLUTION>Y COMMITTEE ( ,SAN ,M>T9 DI/RICT = 9/RUCTIONS1 WAS ONE ( ?OSE '9FLU5TIAL MILITANTS' :O W]E CATAPULT$ TO ORGANIZATIONAL PROM95CE )\T ANY DEMOCRATIC M&ATE FROM EI!R H] B>RIO COMMITTEE OR ! UNION %E HAD ONLY REC5TLY JO9$4 ,%E WAS ALSO CO-OPT$ 9TO DE ,SANTILLAN'S ,N]VIO GR\P & ONTO ! ,F,A,I ,P59SUL> ,COMMITTEE BY A SIMIL> PROCESS ?AT SAME DAY4 ,M>IANO ,VAZQUEZ'S APPO9TM5T AS REGIONAL SECRET>Y ( ! ,CATALAN ,C,N,T HAD BE5 ! RESULT ( ! POLICY ( ! REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/S REFUS+ POSITIONS ( RESPONSIBILITY )9 ! UNION4 ,9 ! TRADITION ( ! ,BAKUN9I/ MEMB]S ( ! ',ALLIANCE' :O REFUS$ ALL ADM9I/RATIVE POSITIONS 9 ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL1 AN>*I/S T5D$ NOT TO BECOME 9VOLV$ 9 ! ADM9I/RATIVE OR 9T]M$IATORY FUNCTIONS ( ! ,C,N,T4 ,! REASON = ?IS WAS TO AVOID ! 9EVITABLE FRICTION BETWE5 !IR ROLE AS REVOLUTION>IES & ?AT AS UNION (FICIALS4 ,AT ! UNION ELECTIONS E>LI] ?AT YE> TO APPO9T ! ,CATALAN REGIONAL SECRET>Y1 ,M>COS ,ALCON HAD RECEIV$ ! MO/ VOTES BUT HAD TURN$ IT D[N4 ,9 SECOND PLACE CAME ,G]M9AL ,ESGLEAS1 HUSB& ( ,F$]ICA ,MONTS5Y4 ,HE ALSO TURN$ IT D[N4 ,! ?IRD C&IDATE WAS ',M>IANET' :OSE NAME 7ACCORD+ TO ,G>CIA ,OLIV]7 HAD BE5 PUT =W>D 'AS A 'JOKE' BY COMRADES FROM ! BUILD+ WORK]S' UNION4 ,HE WAS ELECT$ TO REGIONAL SECRET>Y ON ! BASIS ( F\R VOTES1 AN 9DICATION ( ! AM\NT ( CONFID5CE HE 9SPIR$ AMONG HIS FELL[ WORK]S4 .<#b#g.> ,IF ,M>IANET'S NOM9ATION WAS 9T5D$ AS A JOKE1 IT WAS ONE ?AT WAS TO HAVE TRAGIC CONSEQU5CES = ! ,CONF$]ATION4 ,HIS C>E] AS ,CATALAN REGIONAL SECRET>Y &1 LAT]1 NATIONAL SECRET>Y ( ! ,C,N,T WAS1 TO SAY ! LEA/1 DAMAG+4 ,LIKE ,HORACIO ,PRIETO1 :OSE PLACE HE WAS TO TAKE AS NATIONAL SECRET>Y ( ! ,C,N,T LAT] ?AT YE>1 ,M>IANET1 ! BUILD+ WORK] TURN$ ADM9I/RATOR1 WAS AN EXAMPLE ( ! L5G?S TO :I* PEOPLE 9 PUBLIC LIFE WILL GO :5 !Y AB&ON PR9CIPLES = EXP$I5CY4 ,LIKE ,PRIETO1 HE WAS PUTTY 9 ! H&S ( ,NEGR9 & ! ,/AL9I/S2 HE WAS CONT9UALLY 5T]+ 9TO PACTS ) ! SOCIALI/ ,U,G,T UNION & ON ! PLAT=M AT PRO-GOV]NM5T RALLIES4 ,BY #a#i#c#h1 ALONG ) ,PRIETO1 HE WAS >GU+ = ! OP5+ ( NEGOTIATIONS ) ,FRANCO4 ,MEAN:ILE1 AT ! O!R CONF$]AL N]VE C5T] 9 ! PREMISES ( ! ,TRANSPORT & ,METALLURGICAL ,UNION1 A MESS5G] >RIV$ FROM ,PRESID5T ,COMPANYS REQUE/+ A MEET+ ) ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I ,LIAISON ,COMMITTEE4 ,EV]YONE HAD =GOTT5 AB\T ,COMPANYS & ! ,G5]ALITAT4 ',DOES IT /ILL EXI/8' SOMEONE ASK$4 ,M>IANET1 9 L9E ) ! COLLABORATIONI/ POLICY =MULAT$ BY ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I LEAD]%IP1 AGRE$ TO ! MEET+4 ,9/EAD ( ORD]+ ! DISP]SAL ( !SE VISIBLE BUT POLITICALLY 9EFFECTIVE REMNANTS ( ! ,CATALAN GOV]NM5T1 HE TACITLY ADMITT$ !IR SYMBOLIC LEGITIMACY4 ,:Y ! ,CATALAN ,C,N,T-,F,A,I AGRE$ TO ?IS IS A MATT] = CONJECTURE3 P]HAPS HE & HIS ADVIS]S ASSUM$ ! GOV]NM5T WAS /RONG] ?AN IT ACTUALLY WAS4 ,:AT IS CLE> IS ?AT [+ TO 9T]NAL D\BTS & DISS5SIONS !Y FAIL$ TO REALIZE H[ P[]FUL ! POPUL> MOVEM5T WAS & ?AT !IR POSITION AS UNION SPOKESM5 WAS N[ 9IMICAL TO ! C\RSE ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,M>IANET 9SI/$ ON DEAL+ ) ! ,CATALAN ,PRESID5T AS ?\< HE WAS NEGOTIAT+ A UNION CONTRACT3 ',?IS 9T]VIEW WON'T BE LIKE PREVI\S ONES4 ,BE=E WE BEGG$ A FEW PI/OLS1 N[ WE WILL IMPOSE ! WILL ( ! WORK+ PEOPLE4'.<#b#h.> ,G>CIA ,OLIV]1 ,SANTILLAN & ,AS5S1 ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I ,LIAISON ,COMMITTEE SET UP DAYS BE=E ! RIS+1 W]E U%]$ 9TO ,COMPANYS'S (FICE ON ! FIR/ FLOOR ( ! ,G5]ALITAT ,PALACE4 ,!Y 5T]$ AS VICTORS3 '>M$ TO ! TEE?444 %ABBY & SOIL$ BY DU/ & SMOKE'1 TO LI/5 TO ,COMPANYS'S HONEY$ SPEE*4 ,! ONLY SURVIV+ ACC\NT ( ?IS SPEE* IS ?AT GIV5 BY ,G>CIA ,OLIV]3 ',BE=E ,I BEG9'1 /AT$ ,COMPANYS1 ',I MU/ SAY ?AT ! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I HAVE NOT RECEIV$ ! TREATM5T :I* !Y M]IT BY VIRTUE ( !IR TRUE IMPORTANCE444 ,I HAVE F\ND MYSELF OBLIG$ TO CONFRONT & P]SECUTE Y\4 ,Y\ >E N[ MA/]S ( ! CITY & ,CATALONIA1 = Y\ ALONE HAVE DEFEAT$ ! FASCI/ SOLDI]Y444! FACT IS ?AT TODAY1 Y\ :O W]E SUBJECT TO H>ASSM5T UP UNTIL YE/]DAY1 HAVE SE5 (F ! FASCI/S & ! MILIT>Y4 ,KN[+1 !N1 :O & :AT Y\ >E1 ,I CAN BUT ADDRESS Y\ 9 TONES ( UTMO/ S9C]ITY4 ,Y\ HAVE WON & EV]Y?+ LIES AT Y\R FEET2 IF Y\ HAVE ANY NE$ ( ME1 OR NO LONG] WANT ME AS ,PRESID5T ( ,CATALONIA1 JU/ SAY ! WORD & ,I %ALL BECOME JU/ ANO!R FOOT SOLDI] 9 ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ FASCISM4 ,I1 ALONG ) ! M5 ( MY P>TY1 MY NAME & MY PRE/IGE1 MAY BE ( USE 9 ! /RUGGLE :I* HAS 5D$ SO FELICIT\SLY 9 ?IS CITY TODAY444 Y\ MAY RELY UPON ME & MY LOYALTY AS A MAN & A POLITICIAN CONV9C$ ?AT TODAY HAS BE5 ! DEMISE ( A :OLE DI%ONORABLE PA/1 AS A MAN :O HONE/LY WI%ES TO SEE ,CATALONIA M>* 9 ! VAN ( ! MO/ SOCIALLY PROGRESSIVE C\NTRIES4'.<#b#i.> ,COMPANYS WAS AN >TFUL & SKILLFUL POLITICIAN4 ,HE KNEW ! AN>*I/ LEAD]%IP ( OLD & H[ TO TURN !IR POLITICAL NAIVETY TO HIS [N ADVANTAGE TO PREV5T ! NASC5T REVOLUTION FROM CONSOLIDAT+ ITSELF4 ,HIS OBJECTIVE WAS TO RECOV] POLITICAL P[]1 REASS]T ! AU?ORITY ( ! ,G5]ALITAT ON ! /REETS ( ! CAPITAL1 & RE/ORE ECONOMIC NORMALITY4 ,! ONLY WAY TO DO ?IS WAS TO PRES5T HIS PROPOSALS TO ! AN>*I/S 9 SU* A WAY ?AT !Y /RESS$ POSITIVE1 G5]ALLY HELD CULTURAL & HUMAN VALUES -- DEMOCRACY1 SOCIAL H>MONY & ANTI-FASCISM4 ,HE KNEW !SE W\LD PROVIDE A BASIS = A PROVISIONAL P[]-%>+ >RANGEM5T ) ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I LEAD]S4 ,ACT+ ON ,R\SSEAU'S DICTUM ?AT ',! AGREEM5T ( TWO P>TICUL> 9T]E/S IS =M$ BY OPPOSITION TO A ?IRD'1 HE APPRECIAT$ ! NE$ = A MILIT>Y VICTORY OV] ! 'COMMON 5EMY'1 FASCISM1 :I* WAS 9 ITSELF A SUFFICI5TLY UNIFY+ PR9CIPLE TO NEUTRALIZE ! REVOLUTION>Y DEM&S ( ! 'CONSCI\S M9ORITY'4 ,?IS W\LD ALL[ HIM TO KEEP ! /ATE BUREAUCRACY 9TACT & PROVIDE ! NECESS>Y BREA?+ SPACE UNTIL HE C\LD RE9TRODUCE ! CONCEPT ( HI]>*Y4 ,AN>*I/ DOM9ANCE 9 ! REGION ALSO PROVID$ ,COMPANYS ) A USEFUL LEV] = 5SUR+ ,CATALAN AUTONOMY AGA9/ POSSIBLE 5CROA*M5TS ON PROV9CIAL SOV]EIGNTY BY ! C5TRAL GOV]NM5T4 ,HE REPROA*$ ,MADRID OBLIQUELY3 ',BETRAY$ BY ! NORMAL GU>DIANS ( LAW & ORD]1 WE HAVE TURN$ TO ! PROLET>IAT = PROTECTION4' ,COYLY1 HE SUGGE/$ TO ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I ,LIAISON ,COMMITTEE ?AT UND] HIS *AIRMAN%IP ! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I1 TOGE!R ) ALL ! ANTIFASCI/ P>TIES1 %\LD SET UP 'AN ORGAN CAPABLE ( PURSU+ ! REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE UNTIL VICTORY IS ASSUR$4' ,?IS AD HOC BODY1 A B\RGEOIS GOV]NM5T 9 EMBRYO1 WAS TO BECOME KN[N AS ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ,ANTIFASCI/ ,MILITIAS 7,C,C,M,A71 WAS DECRE$ 9TO EXI/5CE BY ! ,G5]ALITAT GOV]NM5T4 ,AFT] PRELIM9>Y DISCUSSIONS ) ! B\RGEOIS & ,M>XI/ POLITICIANS ?\CIA ,OLIV] 9=M$ !M !Y W\LD RELAY ! ,C,C,M,A'S PROPOSALS TO ! ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEES ( ! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I4 ,!Y W\LD HAVE !IR REPLY 9 DUE C\RSE4 ,TO ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I'S ALREADY COMPROMIS$ PROM95T LEAD]S !RE WAS LITTLE D\BT ?AT ,COMPANYS'S SKILLFUL MANEUV]+ W\LD HAVE ITS DESIR$ EFFECT4 ,! BATTLE-H>D5$ MILITANTS1 ?R[N (F BALANCE BY ! FLATT]Y & EULOGIES ( !IR OLD 5EMIES1 HAD GONE 9TO ! ,G5]ALITAT ,PALACE AS VICTORS2 !Y EM]G$ VANQUI%$4 ,:5 ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I ,LIAISON ,COMMITTEE RETURN$ TO REPORT ,COMPANYS'S PROPOSALS TO ,M>IANET1 ! LATT] 9=M$ !M ?AT 9 ANTICIPATION ( SU* A MOVE HE HAD CONV5$ A 'MEET+ ( MILITANTS' = ?AT SAME AFT]NOON4 ,DUR+ ! C\RSE ( ! DISCUSSION IT WAS SUGGE/$ ?AT ! OPTIONS OP5 TO ! 'RESPONSIBLE COMMITTEES' W]E EI!R TO GO ALL \T = ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM1 :I* W\LD BE1 ACCORD+ TO ,F$]ICA ,MONTS5Y1 TANTAM\NT TO IMPOS+ AN AN>*I/ DICTATOR%IP4 ,P5D+ ! DECISION ( A PL5UM ( LOCAL ,C,N,T UNIONS & ,F,A,I GR\PS ?AT WAS TO BE CONV5$ AS SOON AS POSSIBLE1 ,M>IANET & ! O!RS AGRE$ TO CONT9UE NEGOTIATIONS ) ,COMPANYS4 ,! WILY ,CATALAN PRESID5T WAS CONTACT$ BY TELEPHONE & 9=M$ ( ! ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEE'S ACCEPTANCE1 9 PR9CIPLE1 ( ! PROPOSALS CONC]N+ ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ,ANTIFASCI/ ,MILITIAS ( ,CATALONIA -- P5D+1 ( C\RSE1 RATIFICATION BY A PL5UM ( LOCAL ,C,N,T UNIONS & ,F,A,I GR\PS1 :I* W\LD BE CONV5$ AS SOON AS POSSIBLE4 ,COMPANYS'S HE>T MU/ HAVE SO>$ :5 HE HE>D ! NEWS4 ,HE KNEW ?AT HAV+ P]MITT$ ! ,G5]ALITAT TO REMA9 9TACT & VOLUNT>ILY COMMITT+ !MSELVES TO COLLABORAT+ ) IT1 ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I LEAD]S1 & ! ORGANIZATIONS !Y REPRES5T$1 W\LD BE OBLIGAT$ TO ! 9/ITUTION ( GOV]NM5T :I* !Y !MSELVES SANCTION$4 ,IT WAS ONLY A MATT] ( TIME4 ',! AN>*I/ MASSES WILL NOT ' HE OBS]V$1 'OPPOSE ! COMMON S5SE ( !IR *IEFS4'.<#b#a.> ,9 ! MEANTIME1 ,DURRUTI1 ,G>CIA ,OLIV] & ,AURELIO ,F]N&EZ W]E EMP[]$ BY ! ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEE TO CONT9UE !IR DISCUSSIONS AS ! (FICIAL ,LIAISON ,COMMITTEE TO 5SURE ?AT %\LD ! PL5>Y MEET+ AGREE TO ! SETT+ UP ( ! ,MILITIAS ,COMMITTEE1 IT W\LD SW+ 9TO OP]ATION PROMPTLY & SMOO?LY4 ,!Y RETURN$ TO ! ,G5]ALITAT ,PALACE ?AT SAME EV5+ ( #b ,JULY TO BEG9 PROVISIONAL DISCUSSIONS ) ! ,CATALAN POLITICIANS -- ,JOSEP ,T>RADELLAS1 ,>TEMI ,AIGUAD] & ,JAUME ,MIRAVITLLES ( ! ,ESQU]RA1 ,RAMON ,PEYPO* ( ,CATALAN ,ACTION1 ,JOAN ,COMOR]A ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,UNION ( ,CATALONIA1 ,RAFAEL ,VIDIELLA ( ! ,U,G,T & ,P,S,O,E1 & ,JULIAN ,GORK9 ( ! ,P,\,M4 ,! ,E/AT ,CATALA WAS DISB>R$ FROM P>TICIPAT+ ON ! GR\NDS ?AT ITS LEAD]1 ,D5CAS1 WAS A FASCI/ SYMPA?IZ] :O HAD FL$ TO ,ITALY1 & ?AT ! ,G5]ALITAT REPRES5T$ ! 9T]E/S ( ! REGION4 ,! FOLL[+ DAY1 #ba ,JULY1 ! ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,C,N,T HELD ITS HA/ILY SUMMON$ 'EXTRAORD9>Y' ASSEMBLY ( ,CATALAN 7,C,N,T7 UNIONS4 ,JOSE ,PEIRATS >GUES ?IS WAS NOT1 9 FACT1 A PROP]LY CON/ITUT$ PL5UM ( UNIONS ) A PUBLI%$ AG5DA TO BE DISCUSS$ 9 A REGUL> WAY BY M&AT$ UNION REPRES5TATIVES2 IT WAS1 RA!R1 AN 9=MAL GA!R+ ( MILITANTS AT ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEE LEVEL :O1 PRES5T 9 A P]SONAL CAPACITY1 HAD NO M&ATE OR AU?ORITY TO DECIDE ON ! ISSUES 9 QUE/ION4 .<#b#a#a.> ,MORE ?AN A MON? WAS TO PASS BE=E A REGUL> PL5UM ( ! ,CATALAN ,C,N,T UNIONS WAS HELD4 ,M>IANET PROVID$ ! '(FICIAL' ACC\NT ( ! 'EXTRAORD9>Y' ASSEMBLY LAT]3 ',ON #ba ,AUGU/1 #a#i#c#f1 ,B>CELONA WAS ! V5UE = A ,REGIONAL ,PL5UM ( ! ,LOCAL ,F$]ATIONS & ,SUB-,REGIONALS CALL$ BY ! ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEE ( ,CATALONIA4 ,! SITUATION WAS CONSID]$ & IT WAS UNANIM\SLY DECID$ NOT TO M5TION ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM UNTIL SU* TIME AS WE HAD CAPTUR$ ?AT P>T ( ,SPA9 ?AT WAS 9 ! H&S ( ! REBELS4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 ! ,PL5UM RESOLV$ NOT TO PRESS ON ) TOTALIT>IAN A*IEVEM5TS1 = WE W]E FAC+ A PROBLEM3 IMPOS+ A DICTATOR%IP -- WIP+ \T ALL ! GU>DS & ACTIVI/S FROM ! POLITICAL P>TIES :O HAD PLAY$ !IR P>T ON ! VICTORY OV] ! REBELS ON #ai & #b ,JULY2 A DICTATOR%IP :I*1 9 ANY EV5T1 W\LD BE CRU%$ FROM )\T EV5 IF IT SUCCE$$ )94 ,! ,PL5UM1 ) ! EXCEPTION ( ! ,REGIONAL ,F$]ATION ( ,BAJO ,LLOBREGAT1 OPT$ = COLLABORATION ) ! O!R POLITICAL P>TIES & ORGANIZATIONS 9 SETT+ UP ! ,ANTIFASCI/ ,MILITIAS ,COMMITTEE4 ,ON ! DECISION ( ?IS ,PL5UM ! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I S5T !IR REPRES5TATIVES TO IT4'.<#b#a#b.> ,ACCORD+ TO ,G>CIA ,OLIV]1 ! DELEGATE FROM ,BAJO ,LLOBREGAT WAS ! ONLY ONE TO PO9T \T ?AT ! CREATION ( ! ,MILITIAS ,COMMITTEE W\LD BE AN OB/ACLE 9 ! PA? ( ! REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS4 ,BECAUSE IT WAS ONLY A PROVISIONAL AGREEM5T1 P5D+ ! DECISION ( ! ,PL5UM1 !Y PROPOS$ ?AT ! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I )DRAW !IR REPRES5TATIVES & PRESS ON ) ! REVOLUTION & ! 9TRODUCTION ( ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM 9 L9E ) ! IDEOLOGICAL OBJECTIVES ( ! ORGANIZATION4 ,!Y ASK$ ?AT ONE ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I REPRES5TATIVES ON ! ,MILITIAS ,COMMITTEE REPORT TO ! ,PL5UM AS TO ITS COMPATIBILITY ) ! REVOLUTION>Y ASPIRATIONS ( ! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I4 .<#b#a#c.> ,G>CIA ,OLIV] CLAIMS ?AT1 AL?\< A MEMB] ( ! ,MILITIAS ,COMMITTEE1 HE AGRE$ ) ! ,BAJO ,LLOBREGAT ANALYSIS ?AT 'ALL WE HAD REALLY DONE WAS HAMP] ! PROGRESS ( ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION = :I* WE HAD ALWAYS CAMPAIGN$4' ,HE LIK5$ ! ,COMMITTEE TO A 'SECOND-CLASS POLICE COMMISS>IAT' & URG$ ?AT ! PROVISIONAL DECISION TO COLLABORATE ) IT %\LD BE REV]S$3 ',! TIME HAD COME = US444 TO SEE ?R\< :AT WE HAD BEGUN ON #ah ,JULY1 DISMANTL+ ! ,MILITIAS ,COMMITTEE & =C+ ! PACE 9 SU* A WAY ?AT = ! FIR/ TIME 9 HI/ORY ! AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ UNIONS W\LD 'GO = BROKE'1 ?AT IS1 GO = ! MAXIMUM AN>*I/ OBJECTIVE -- ! ORGANIZATION ( A ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNI/ LIFE/YLE ?R\<\T ,SPA94''.<#b#a#d.> ,MONTS5Y SPOKE NEXT4 ,%E DECL>$ ?AT H] CONSCI5CE AS AN AN>*I/ W\LD NOT P]MIT H] TO C\NT5ANCE AN>*I/S =C+ ! PACE ( EV5TS OR 'GO+ = BROKE'4 ,= H] ?AT IMPLI$ ! CREATION ( :AT %E DESCRIB$ AS 'AN AN>*I/ DICTATOR%IP'4 ,!Y %\LD AGREE TO REMA9 9SIDE ! ,MILITIAS ,COMMITTEE 9 ! MEANTIME1 BUT %\LD )DRAW 'JU/ AS SOON AS ! REBEL MILIT>Y W]E DEFEAT$1 SO AS TO DEVOTE \RSELVES ONCE AGA9 TO ! TASK ( AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION & PROPAG&A4' ,DIEGO ,ABAD DE ,SANTILLAN1 P59SUL> SECRET>Y & ,F,A,I REPRES5TATIVE ON ! ,MILITIAS ,COMMITTEE1 ALSO FAVOR$ REMA9+ )9 ?AT BODY & CONT9U+ TO COLLABORATE ) O!R POLITICAL P>TIES 9 ! ANTIFASCI/ /RUGGLE4 ,HIS >GUM5T %[$ EV5 LESS FAI? 9 ! CON/RUCTIVE CAPACITY ( ! WORK]S ?AN ,MONTS5Y4 ,AMAZ+LY 7= A SELF-/YL$ REVOLUTION>Y7 IT REVOLV$ >\ND ! FE> ?AT IF ! MOVEM5T DID DECIDE TO 'GO = BROKE' IT W\LD POSE A ?REAT TO ALL ! VE/$ 9T]E/S ( CAPITALISM &1 LACK+ LEGITIMACY 9 ! EYES ( 9T]NATIONAL LAW1 W\LD PROVOKE IMM$IATE =EIGN 9T]V5TION4 ,BRITI% W>%IPS W]E ALREADY 9 ! H>BOR '%[+ ! FLAG' 9 A CRYPTIC DEMON/RATION ( =CE ?AT ! ,WE/]N DEMOCRACIES W\LD NOT TOL]ATE REVOLUTION4 ,9 ! FACE ( ?IS ?REAT HE URG$ ?AT 9 ! MEANTIME ALL M5TION ( ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM %\LD BE %ELV$4 ,M>IANET CLAIM$ ?AT MEMB]%IP ( ! ,MILITIAS ,COMMITTEE W\LD 9 NO WAY PREJUDGE '\R GOV]N+ FROM ! /REETS'1 & NOT COMMIT ! ,ORGANIZATION 'TO DICTATORIAL PRACTICES1 AS W\LD BE ! CASE IF ! ,C,N,T W]E TO GO = BROKE4' ,W9D+ UP ! DEBATE1 ,OLIV] PO9T$ \T ?AT ,F$]ICA ,MONTS5Y HAD RAIS$ ! QUE/ION ( DICTATOR%IP4 ,%E HAD BE5 ! FIR/ TO SUGGE/ ?AT 'GO+ = BROKE' WAS 'TANTAM\NT TO 9/ALL+ AN AN>*I/ DICTATOR%IP :I* W\LD BE AS EVIL AS ANY O!R'4 ',S9CE M5TION HAS BE5 MADE ( DICTATOR%IP'1 ,OLIV] ADD$3 ',LET IT BE SAID ?AT NONE ( ! ONES WE HAVE KN[N ?US F> %>$ ! SAME *>ACT]4 ,NOR HAVE TYRANNIES ALWAYS HAD ! SAME MEAN+4 ,TRUE1 !RE HAVE BE5 TYRANNIES ?R\< IMPOSITION UPON ! PEOPLE4 ,BUT !RE HAVE BE5 TYRANNIES ELECT$ BY ! PEOPLE4 ',( ALL ! V>IETIES ( DICTATOR%IP KN[N1 NONE HAS YET BE5 5=C$ ?R\< ! CONC]T$ ACTION ( LABOR UNIONS4 ,& IF !SE LABOR UNIONS >E AN>*I/ 9 \TLOOK & !IR MILITANTS S*OOL$1 LIKE US1 9 AN AN>*I/ E?IC1 TO PRESUPPOSE ?AT WE %\LD RESORT TO ! SAME ACTS AS ! ,M>XI/S1 = 9/ANCE1 IS TANTAM\NT TO SAY+ ?AT AN>*ISM & ,M>XISM >E1 BASICALLY1 ! SAME IDEOLOGY1 S9CE !Y PRODUCE ID5TICAL FRUITS4 ,SU* SIMPLISM ,I CANNOT ACCEPT4 ,& LET ME SAY ?AT SYNDICALISM .*O-SYNDICALISM -- ,AU?OR.>1 9 ,SPA9 & WORLDWIDE1 >OSE \T ( AN ACT ( AFFIRMATION ( ITS CON/RUCTIVE VALUES VIS A VIS ! HI/ORY ( MANK9D1 BECAUSE )\T ?AT DEMON/RATION ( ! ABILITY TO BUILD A FREE SOCIALISM1 ! FUTURE W\LD REMA9 ! PLAYGR\ND ( ! POLITICAL =MULAS ?R[N UP BY ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION BEG9N+ ) A PLURALITY ( P>TIES & 5D+ ) JU/ ONE' ,! ISSUE WAS PUT TO ! VOTE4 ,G>CIA ,OLIV] PROPOS$ ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM AS AN IMM$IATE OBJECTIVE -- 'GO+ = BROKE'4 ,SANTILLAN1 = ! ,F,A,I1 MOV$ ?AT ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM BE WAIV$ AS AN IMM$IATE OBJECTIVE & P>TICIPATION 9 ! ,MILITIAS ,COMMITTEE BE APPROV$4 ,) ! EXCEPTION ( ! DI/RICT F$]ATION ( ,BAJO ,LLOBREGAT1 :O SUPPORT$ ,G>CIA ,OLIV]1 ! DECISION TO AB&ON ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM WAS C>RI$4 ,9 SPITE ( ! OV]:ELM+ VOTE AGA9/ ! IMPLEM5TATION ( ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM AT ?IS ,PL5UM1 ,G>CIA ,OLIV] CLAIMS HE REFUS$ TO ACCEPT ! DECISION4 ,! DELEGATES1 SUMMON$ 9 HA/E & UNAW>E ( ! BUS9ESS 9 H&1 HAD REJECT$ ! FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLES ( ! ,C,N,T )\T REF]5CE BACK TO ! MEMB]%IP4 ,HE NOT$1 WRYLY1 ?AT ! PEOPLE :O HAD PU%$ ! RE=MI/ L9E HAD BE5 FAI/AS1 NOT TRE9TI/AS AS ,BR\E & ,TEMIME PO9T$ \T4 .<#b#a#e.> ,9 ,G>CIA ,OLIV]'S [N WORDS3 ',! TRE9TI/AS HAD C]TA9LY NOT TAK5 P>T 9 ! DISCUSSION1 LET ALONE ADOPT$ A /ANCE444 ,FAC$ ) A *OICE BETWE5 SOCIAL REVOLUTION & ! ,MILITIAS ,COMMITTEE ! ORGANIZATION HAD *OS5 ! LATT]4 ,TIME ALONE W\LD TELL :O WAS RIIANET & ,F$]ICA & H] GR\P ( ANTI-SYNDICALI/ AN>*I/S SU* AS ,EUSEBIO ,C>BO1 ,FELIPE ,ALAIZ1 ,G>CIA ,BIRLAN1 ,FIDEL ,MIRO1 ,JOSE ,PEIRATS & O!RS444OR ! ,BAJO ,LLOBREGAT DI/RICT :I* JO9$ ) ME 9 >GU+ ! NE$ TO PRESS AHEAD ) ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 9 A SET ( CIRCUM/ANCES :I* HAD NEV] SEEM$ SO PROMIS+4 ,BY !IR ATTITUDE1 !SE SELF-/YL$ AN>*I/S HAD BANKRUPT$ ! ,F,A,I AS SU*1 IT HAV+ BE5 SET UP = ! SPECIFIC PURPOSE ( NEUTRALIZ+ ! RE=MI/ SYNDICALI/S 9SIDE ! ,C,N,T4'.<#b#a#f.> ,! CRUCIAL NATURE ( ?IS DECISION :I* WAS TO DIV]T ! C\RSE ( ! REVOLUTION CANNOT BE /RESS$ /RONGLY 5\<4 ,IT WAS1 9 EFFECT1 AN ADMISSION BY ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I LEAD]%IP ?AT ! IDEAS !Y HAD HELD CONC]N+ ! TRANSITION FROM A /ATI/ & CAPITALI/ SOCIETY TO A ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNI/ ONE W]E SIMPLY NOT PRACTICAL [+ TO ! 'CIRCUM/ANCES' ( W>4 ,NOT ONLY DID !Y AB&ON AN>*ISM1 BUT ALSO BY NEGOTIAT+ ) POLITICIANS & REPRES5TATIVES ( ! /ATE )\T ! EXPRESS CONS5T ( ! MEMB]%IP !Y ACT$ CONTR>Y TO ! UNION CON/ITUTION4 ,?IS REFLECT$ A LONG-/&+ WEAKNESS )9 ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I4 ,BECAUSE !RE WAS NO PAID UNION APP>ATUS IT WAS ASSUM$ ?AT 'LEAD]ISM' WAS NOT A PROBLEM4 ,?IS WAS NOT ! CASE4 ,! DEF]5CE ( ! BROAD MASS ( ! ,C,N,T TO ! 'NATURAL' LEAD]S :O HAD WON ! WORK]S' TRU/ BY !IR P]SONAL SACRIFICE & COMMITM5T TO ! 'IDEA' L$ DIRECTLY TO ! CREATION ( ! 'FIX$ & CON/ANT AU?ORITY' ?AT ,BAKUN9 HAD W>N$ AB\T & HAD TURN$ WELL-MEAN+ AN>*I/S 9TO *>LATANS4 ,?AT EV5+ ,G>CIA ,OLIV] CONV5$ A MEET+ ( ! ,NOSOTROS GR\P TOGE!R ) A NUMB] ( SELECT$ COMRADES TO PROPOSE A SEIZURE ( ! SYMBOLIC C5T]S ( GOV]NM5T 9 ! CITY BY AN>*I/ COLUMNS L$ BY ,DURRUTI4 ,DURRUTI1 :O HAD BE5 UNUSUALLY SIL5T DUR+ ! DEBATE 9 ! ,PL5UM ?AT AFT]NOON1 HAD NOT SUPPORT$ ,OLIV]'S MOTION4 ,= HIM ! LIB]ATION ( ! #c1 ,C,N,T MILITANTS BELIEV$ CAPTUR$ 9 REBEL-HELD ,Z>AGOZA HAD PRIORITY OV] EV]Y?+ ELSE4 ',G>CIA ,OLIV]'S >GUM5T1 H]E & DUR+ ! ,PL5UM1 /RIKES ME AS SPL5DID'1 /AT$ ,DURRUTI4 ',HIS PLAN = A C\P IS P]FECT4 ,BUT ?IS DOES NOT SEEM TO ME ! OPPORTUNE MOM5T4 ,MY FEEL+ IS ?AT IS %\LD BE PUT (F UNTIL AFT] ! CAPTURE ( ,Z>AGOZA1 :I* CANNOT TAKE MORE ?AT #a DAYS4 ,9 ! MEANTIME ,I MU/ 9SI/ ?AT WE %ELVE !SE PLANS UNTIL ,Z>AGOZA HAS BE5 TAK54 ,AT PRES5T1 ) ONLY ,CATALONIA AS A BASE1 WE W\LD BE R$UC$ TO ! MO/ M9IMAL GEOGRAPHIC >EA4'.<#b#a#g.> ,A JUBILANT ,JOAN ,PEIRO LAT] NOT$ ?AT AN>*ISM1 = ! FIR/ TIME1 HAD ADAPT$ ITSELF 'TO HI/ORY'3 ',UNTIL ,JULY #a#i#c#f1 ! TACTICS ( AN>*ISM CONSI/$ 9 REMA9+ ON ! P]IPH]Y ( ! ,/ATE & FROM !RE H>ASS+ IT & ITS 9/ITUTIONS4 ,! TACTICS ( AN>*ISM 9 ! FIR/ HALF ( ! N9ETE5? C5TURY1 H[EV]1 CONSI/$ ( ! CONTR>Y4 ,PR\DHON1 = EXAMPLE1 F\*ISM WILL HAVE TO CONTRIBUTE TO ! ECONOMIC RECON/RUCTION ( ,SPA9444 TO W9 ! W> ?IS WILL 9VOLVE MU* CLOS] COLLABORATION ?AN IS PRES5TLY ! CASE4'.<#b#a#h.> ,G>CIA ,OLIV]'S PR9CIPL$ /& AGA9/ COLLABORATION ) ! B\RGEOIS P>TIES WAS %ORT-LIV$4 ,WORK+ ON ! 'REALI/IC' PR9CIPLE ( JO9+ ?OSE Y\ HAVE BE5 UNABLE TO BEAT HE ACCEPT$ ! NOM9ATION 5DORS+ HIS MEMB]%IP ( ! ,MILITIAS ,COMMITTEE ALONG ) ! O!R AN>*I/ REPRES5TATIVES -- ,M>COS ,ALCON1 ,JOSE ,AS5S1 ,AURELIO ,F]N&EZ & ,DIEGO ,ABAD DE ,SANTILLAN4 ,BY ITS V]Y NATURE ! ,MILITIAS ,COMMITTEE WAS A COMPROMISE1 AN >TIFICIAL POLITICAL SOLUTION1 AN (FICIALLY SANCTION$ APP5DAGE ( ! ,G5]ALITAT GOV]NM5T1 ) EA* P>TY PURSU+ DIV]G5T & CONTRADICTORY OBJECTIVES4 ,ITS LEGITIMIZATION ( P>TY POLITICS L$ TO A R5EW$ P[] /RUGGLE AMONG ! FACTIONS 9 AN ATTEMPT TO BOO/ MEMB]%IP & 9FLU5CE AT ! EXP5SE ( ! O!RS4 ,! ONLY REAL >EA ( AGREEM5T BETWE5 ! REPUBLICAN & SOCIALI/ FACTIONS )9 ! ,MILITIAS ,COMMITTEE WAS ! ULTIMATE ELIM9ATION ( AN>*I/ 9FLU5CE4 ,IT ALSO DREW ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I LEAD]%IP 9EXORABLY 9TO ! ,/ATE APP>ATUS1 UNTIL !N ITS PR9CIPAL 5EMY1 & L$ TO ! /EADY ]OSION ( AN>*I/ 9FLU5CE & CR$IBILITY4 ,JU/IFY+ ! IRREVOCABLE CONSEQU5CES ( HIS ACTION 9 JO9+ ! >TIFICIAL & HYBRID CREATION :I* WAS ! ,MILITIAS ,COMMITTEE1 ,OLIV] LAT] EXPRESS$ HIS AMBIVAL5CE T[>D ! 'EXTRAORD9>Y' ,PL5UM ( LOCAL & DI/RICT COMMITTEES :I* HAD TAK5 ! DECISION TO AB&ON AN>*I/ PR9CIPLES & COLLABORATE ) ! POLITICAL P>TIES3 ',! ,C,N,T & ! ,F,A,I OPT$ = COLLABORATION & DEMOCRACY1 ES*EW+ ! REVOLUTION>Y TOTALIT>IANISM :I* SIMPLY HAD TO HAVE L$ TO ! REVOLUTION'S BE+ /RANGL$ BY ! CONF$]AL & AN>*I/ DICTATOR%IP4 ,!Y TRU/$ 9 ! WORD & P]SON ( A ,CATALAN DEMOCRAT & RETA9$ & SUPPORT$ ,COMPANYS 9 ! (FICE ( ,PRESID5T ( ! ,G5]ALITAT2 !Y ACCEPT$ ! ,MILITIAS ,COMMITTEE & WORK$ \T A SY/EM ( REPRES5TATION PROPORTIONATE ) NUMB]S :I*1 AL?\< NOT FAIR444 79 ?AT7 ! ,U,G,T & ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY1 M9ORITY GR\PS 9 ,CATALONIA1 W]E ASSIGN$ AN EQUAL NUMB] ( POSITIONS ) ! TRIUMPHANT ,C,N,T & AN>*I/S444IMPLI$ SACRIFICE CALCULAT$ TO LURE DICTATORIALLY 9CL9$ P>TIES ALONG ! PA? ( LOYAL COLLABORATION :I* MIDIZ$ BY SUICIDAL COMPETITION4'.<#b#a#i.> ,! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ,ANTIFASCI/ ,MILITIAS1 :I* WAS TO CONC]N ITSELF ALMO/ EXCLUSIVELY ) SECURITY & MILIT>Y MATT]S1 MET = ! FIR/ TIME ?AT SAME NIITIME ,MUSEUM :]E IT E/ABLI%$ ITS P]MAN5T HEADQU>T]S4 ,! ,C,N,T AGRE$ TO P>ITY ) ! O!R P>TIES ?AT W]E MU* LESS NUM]ICALLY /RONG4 ,! SOCIALI/ ,U,G,T1 = EXAMPLE1 WAS M9USCULE 9 ,CATALONIA 9 ,JULY #aicf ) ONLY #a#b1 MEMB]S BUT IT RECEIV$ ! SAME NUMB] ( SEATS AS ! ,C,N,T ) ITS #c#e1 MEMB]S4 ,COMPANYS'S ,ESQU]RA ,REPUBLICANA ALSO RECEIV$ P>ITY ) ! TWO UNIONS4 ,G>CIA ,OLIV] PO9TS \T1 H[EV]1 ?AT ?IS DECISION HAD LITTLE TO DO ) SOLID>ITY OR G5]OSITY BUT PRAGMATIC BELIEF ?AT A COMPROMISE ( ?IS NATURE 9 ,CATALONIA W\LD SECURE SIMIL> CONCESSIONS 9 O!R REGIONS SU* AS ,MADRID :]E ! ,C,N,T WAS 9 ! M9ORITY4 ,! ,MILITIAS ,COMMITTEE WAS BROK5 D[N AS FOLL[S3 ,C,N,T - #c2 ,U,G,T - #c2 ,ESQU]RA ,REPUBLICANA 7,COMPANYS'S P>TY7 - #c2 ,F,A,I - #b2 ,ACCIO ,CATALANA - #a2 ,P,\,M - #a2 ,P,S,O,E 7,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY7 -#a2 ,UNION DE ,RABASSAIRES 7! ,CATALAN PEASANTS' P>TY7 - #a4 ,A COMMISSION] REPRES5T$ ! ,G5]ALITAT ) A MILIT>Y ADVIS]4 .<#b#b.> ,O!R IMPORTANT ADM9I/RATIVE ORGANS SU* AS ! ,SUPPLIES ,COMMITTEE1 ! ,9VE/IGATION ,COMMISSION1 ! ,NEW ,UNIFI$ ,S*OOL ,C\NCIL1 ! ,C\NCIL ( ! ,ECONOMY1 ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,TRIBUNALS1 ETC41 W]E ORGANIZ$ ON A SIMIL> BASIS ) UNION1 P>TY & ,F,A,I REPRES5TATION4 ,! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I LEAD]S SAW ! ROLE ( ! ,MILITIAS ,COMMITTEE AS 'E/ABLI%+ REVOLUTION>Y ORD] 9 ! RE>GU>D1 ! RECRUIT+1 ORGANIZATION & TRA9+ ( COMBAT TROOPS & (FIC]S444! PROVISION ( FOOD & CLO!S1 ! ORGANIZATION ( ! ECONOMY1 LEGISLATION1 ! ADM9I/RATION ( JU/ICE444! SETT+ UP ( W> 9DU/RIES1 PROPAG&A1 RELATIONS ) ! ,MADRID GOV]NM5T1 L& CULTIVATION1 HEAL?1 & ! DEF5SE ( COA/S & FRONTI]S4 ,WE HAD TO ORGANIZE ! PAYM5T ( MILITIAS1 !IR FAMILIES & ! WID[S ( COMBATANTS1 9 FACT TO T5S ( ?\S&S ( PEOPLE4 ,WE W]E FAC$ ) TASKS ?AT 9 ANY GOV]NM5TAL SY/EM W\LD REQUIRE A MASSIVE BUREAUCRACY4 ,! ,MILITIAS ,COMMITTEE WAS ! W>1 9T]IOR & =EIGN M9I/RIES ROLL$ 9TO ONE444 ,! ,COMMITTEE WAS ! MO/ LEGITIMATE EXPRESSION ( ! P[] ( ! PEOPLE4'.<#b#b#a.> ,PRESID5T ,AZANA WAS HORRIFI$ BY ,COMPANYS'S ACCOMMODATION ) ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I4 ,HE DESCRIB$ IT1 DESPAIR+LY1 AS A PLOT TO ABOLI% ! ,SPANI% ,/ATE4 ,COMPANYS HAD1 H[EV]1 NO O!R OPTION %ORT ( =M+ ,G5]ALITAT MILITIAS1 AS ! COMMUNI/ ,JOAN ,COMOR]A HAD SUGGE/$1 TO *ALL5GE ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I & ,P,\,M = CONTROL ( ! /REETS4 .<#b#b#b.> ,! ,REPUBLIC'S =CES REMA9+ 9 ,CATALONIA AM\NT$ TO NO MORE ?AN #e1 M5 ( ! POLICE & SECURITY =CES -- & 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y EUPHORIA ( ?OSE E>LY DAYS EV5 !SE C\LD NOT BE RELI$ UPON TO SUPPORT ! ,G5]ALITAT4 ,! ,MADRID GOV]NM5T ON ! MORN+ ( #ai ,JULY HAD DISB&$ ! REGUL> >MY & ! SOLDI]S HAD DISP]S$1 SOME FLEE+ TO JO9 ! REBELS1 SOME RETURN+ HOME1 :ILE O!RS JO9$ ! NEWLY =M$ WORK]S' MILITIAS4 ,! #d1 OR SO AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ MILITANTS1 ON ! O!R H& W]E ORGANIZ$ & WELL >M$ ) ! WEAPONS TAK5 FROM ! ,SAN ,&RES B>RACKS & FROM ! DEFEAT$ SOLDI]S2 !Y ALSO CONTROLL$ ! COMMUNICATIONS & TRANSPORT 9FRA/RUCTURE ( ! :OLE REGION4 ,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,JANU>Y #d1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #bb -- ,ADD$4 ,JANU>Y #a#f1 #bbb 3 ,*APT] #bb -- ,UPDAT$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/