,*APT] #ai 
,! ,PLANN]S ,MOVE ,9 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,/U>T ,*RI/IE 

,TEXT 3 

#a#i3 ,! ,PLANN]S ,MOVE ,9 

  

,BY E>LY #a#i#c#d1 ) MO/ ( ! REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/S 9 JAIL OR 9 HID+1 ! *ANGES :I* HAD BEGUN TO TAKE PLACE 9 ! ,F,A,I S9CE ! PREVI\S YE> BECAME MORE NOTICEABLE1 BO? /RUCTURALLY & 9 MEMB]%IP4 ,FROM BE+ ! 'CUTT+ $GE' ( ! ,C,N,T RANK & FILE IT BECAME ! SE$B$ = A NEW BRE$ ( BOHEMIAN 9TELLECTUALS1 ADM9I/RATORS & PUBLICI/S4 ,!RE WAS A CLE> %IFT T[>DS C5TRALIZATION & GREAT] EMPHASIS ON TURN+ ! ,F,A,I 9TO AN ORGANIZATIONAL 'C5T] ( EXCELL5CE' ?AT W\LD '%>P5 ! WEAPONS ( REVOLUTION'4 .<#a#g#c.> ,SANTILLAN1 ONE ( ?OSE MAV]ICK 9TELLECTUALS1 :O HAD JO9$ ! ,F,A,I 9 MID #aicc ON HIS RETURN FROM ,>G5T9A1 WAS ! PR9CIPAL >*ITECT ( ?IS %IFT AWAY FROM :AT HE DESCRIB$ AS 'RESI/ANCE TO CAPITALISM' & T[>DS 'REVOLUTION>Y PREP>ATION'3  
  

',! EMPHASIS N[ %\LD BE ON ATTACK RA!R ?AN DEF5SE & ?AT ATTACK IMPLIES A BETT] DISPOSITION ( \R =CES1 = 9 ! ECONOMIC SPH]E \TPUT & CONSUMPTION CANNOT BE 9T]RUPT$1 LE/ ! REVOLUTION ITSELF MAKES ITSELF ODI\S & BE =C$ TO REPLY SOLELY UPON NEW DICTATOR%IPS4 ,! MORE ?OR\<LY IT HAS BE5 PREP>$1 & ! GREAT] ! MEASURE ( PLANN+ = ! SEIZURE & RUNN+ ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 DI/RIBUTION & CONSUMPTION BY ! PRODUC]S !MSELVES1 ! MORE LIB]T>IAN & ! LESS BLOODY WILL ! REVOLUTION BE4'.<#a#g#d.>  
  

,SANTILLAN WAS A MAN CONV9C$ ( HIS [N RI<TNESS1 AS W]E ! PEOPLE HE ATTRACT$ >\ND HIM 9 ! ,N]VIO GR\P4 ,FROM AN E>LI] C>E] AS A GLOBETROTT+ J\RNALI/ & UNION ADM9I/RATOR HE HAD DEVELOP$ AN OBSESSION ) ! NE$ = ECONOMIC PLANN+ & = =MULAT+ A 'SCI5TIFIC' APPROA* TO AN>*ISM4 ,9 ! E>LY TW5TIE? C5TURY !RE W]E TWO MA9 S*OOLS ( ?\<T )9 AN>*ISM1 ! SCI5TIFIC-RATIONAL APPROA* TO ! SE>* = OBJECTIVE TRU?S1 ! VIEW UPHELD BY 9TELLECTUALS SU* AS ,SANTILLAN1 & ! SCI5TIFIC-NATURALI/ ME?OD PREF]R$ BY AN>*I/S SU* AS ,ISAAC ,PU5TE1 ,ASCASO & ,DURRUTI4 

,CONSCI\S ?AT ABSOLUTE TRU? DID NOT EXI/1 ! MEMB]S ( ?IS LATT] GR\P W]E CAUTI\S ( ALL PR$ET]M9$ SY/EMS & ( IMPOS+ SOLUTIONS ( A PRE-E/ABLI%$ NATURE ?AT MI<T C>RY )9 !M ! SE$S ( A NEW DICTATOR%IP4 ,! AN>*I/ WRIT] ,RIC>DO ,MELLA HAD HI<LI<T$ ! DANG]S ( SU* SY/EMS 9 AN ESSAY WRITT5 AT ! TURN ( ! C5TURY3  
  

',IT IS SCI5CE'S BUS9ESS TO SY/EMIZE2 & BY SY/EMIZ+ WE WALL \RSELVES UP 9 SCI5CE1 BECOME DOGMATIC4 ,BEHOLD1 ! CAUSE BEH9D EV]Y F5C$ 5CLOSURE2 & SEE1 ! REASON BEH9D ! FAILURE ( BELIEFS444 

',9/EAD1 :5EV] A NEW /RUCTURE IS BE+ RAIS$ & NEW *ANNELS OP5$ & NEW WALLS BE+ BUILT1 WORK ) Y\R PICKS & LEAVE NOT A /ONE UPON A /ONE4 ,?\<T NE$S UNLIMIT$ SPACE1 5DLESS TIME & FRE$OM )\T RE/RICTION4 ,!RE CAN BE NO R\ND$ !ORIES1 NO COMPLET$ SY/EMS1 & NO S+LE PHILOSOPHIES BECAUSE !RE IS NO ABSOLUTE IMMUTABLE TRU?3 !RE >E TRU?S & YET MORE TRU?S1 TRU?S UNDISCOV]$ & TRU?S YET UNLE>N$4'.<#a#g#e.>  
  

,SANTILLAN1 H[EV]1 WAS NOT CONT5T TO LAY D[N AXIOMS & G5]AL PR9CIPLES AS ,ISAAC ,PU5TE HAD DONE4 ,OBSESS$ ) EFFICI5CY1 HE S\<T TO DRAW UP A SY/EM :I* WAS COMPLETE 9 ALL ITS P>TS & REQUIR$ ONLY TO BE SET 9 MOTION3  
  

',!RE IS AN URG5T NE$ = WORK]S TO WORK TOGE!R 9 H>MONY ) ! GREATE/ POSSIBLE NUMB] ( SCI5TI/S & TE*NICIANS3 = ONLY ?R\< SCI5CE1 EXP]TIZE & H>D WORK WILL WE BE ABLE TO REALIZE ON E>? ! P>ADISE ( :I* RELIGIONS ( ! OLD S*OOL DREAM BEYOND ! TOMB444 ,:]EAS1 = RESI/ANCE TO CAPITALISM1 ! WAG$ WORK] WAS ! BASIC & SOLE FACTOR1 :5 IT COMES TO ! RECON/RUCTION ( SOCIETY & ( ! ECONOMY1 !N GIV5 ! DEVELOPM5T A*IEV$ BY ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION & BY CULTURE1 ALL PROGRESSIVE =CES >E REQUIR$1 ESPECIALLY ! A=EM5TION$ TRILOGY ( LABOR1 SCI5CE & TE*NOLOGY4'.<#a#g#f.>  
  

,?R\< ! WORK ( !SE AN>*I/ 9TELLECTUALS1 '! BRI<TE/ & ! BE/'1 ,ABAD DE ,SANTILLAN SAW ! ,F,A,I PROVID+ ,SPANI% AN>*ISM ) ! ORGANIZATIONAL & IDEOLOGICAL DISCIPL9E HE FELT IT LACK$ TO FULFILL ITS HI/ORIC ROLE ( TRANS=M+ SOCIETY4 ,HE DESCRIB$ ! WORK ( ! NEW ,P59SUL> ,COMMITTEE ) SELF-EFFAC+ MODE/Y3  
  

',WE DID NOT TAKE \R LEAD FROM ! HI<] COMMITTEES1 BUT RA!R FROM BEL[1 ?R\< $UCATIONAL ACTIVITY & CON/RUCTIVE PROPAG&A4 ,I WAS ON GOOD T]MS ) ! HI!RTO CRUCIAL GR\P ?AT CONSI/$ ( ,ASCASO1 ,DURRUTI1 ,G>CIA ,OLIV] & ,COMPANYS4 ,!SE W]E SPL5DID COMRADES1 SELFLESS1 S*OOL$ 9 CONSPIRATORIAL /RUGGLE & 9 ! ACTION ?AT WAS !N NECESS>Y4 ,LITTLE BY LITTLE WE BEGAN TO FOCUS ATT5TION UPON MORE SUB/ANTIAL ACTIVITIES & ! ,F,A,I RALLI$ ! BE/ EQUIPP$1 MO/ LE>N$1 MO/ RESPONSIBLE MILITANTS4 ,! DISSID5TS TOOK A BACK SEAT3 WE PUBLI%$ MAGAZ9ES1 BOOKS & PAMPHLETS & HELD LOCAL1 REGIONAL & NATIONAL MEET+S ) A C]TA9 QUALITY ( AG5DA4 ,!RE WAS A LOT ( P]SONAL DIALOGUE & IT WAS PRECISELY 9 ! M5 ( ,LOS ,SOLID>IOS ?AT ,I F\ND MY BE/ SUPPORT4 ,! ,F,A,I DID NOT EMBODY SY/EMATIC SUBV]SION3 IT WAS A MOVEM5T LOYAL TO DOCTR9E3 9 ?OSE DAYS ! AFICIONADOS ( H]OIC1 EPIC ACTION TOOK REFUGE 9 ! DEF5SE COMMITTEES4 ,& WE CANNOT D5Y ?AT DEF5SE WAS NE$$4 

',TODAY1 AS YE/]DAY1 WE HAVE HAD HO!ADS1 REVOLUTION>IES 9 A HURRY4 ,BUT ! ,F,A,I CEAS$ TO BE AN EXPON5T ( SU* HO!AD$NESS AT LEA/ FROM E>LY #aicd ON444,NOT ALL GOOD COMRADES W]E 9 ! ,F,A,I1 MANY W]E \TSIDE IT1 BUT MORALLY !Y W]E A P>T ( IT & ! PRO( IS ?AT ,TI]RA Y ,LIB]TAD HAD A L>G] PR9T RUN ?AN MO/ ( ! POLITICAL WEEKLIES PUT TOGE!R4'.<#a#g#g.>  
  

,IT WAS NOT LONG BE=E ?IS NEW M&>9 BRE$ 9 ! ADM9I/RATIVE ORGANS ( ! ,F,A,I FELT /RONG 5\< TO MOVE AGA9/ ! 'DISPROPORTIONATE' 9FLU5CE ( ! SPONTANEI/ & 'UNCONTROLLABLE' ELEM5TS )9 ! MOVEM5T1 P>TICUL>LY ! ,LOS ,SOLID>IOS_/,NOSOTROS & O!R REVOLUTION>Y WORK+-CLASS GR\PS4 ,! (F5SIVE AGA9/ ! ACTIVI/S )9 ! ,B>CELONA ,LOCAL ,F$]ATION ( ! ,F,A,I WAS L$ BY ! ,A GR\P :O >GU$ ! NE$ = GREAT] DEMOCRATIC 'CONTROL' )9 ! ORGANIZATION4 ,PRECISELY :O WAS TO ADM9I/] ?IS 'CONTROL' REMA9$ UNCLE>4 ,! QUE/ION ( ! RI<T ( M9ORITIES NOT ONLY TO DISS5T BUT ALSO TO PROPOSE ORGANIZATIONAL *ANGES WAS ALSO RAIS$4 ,MOVES W]E MADE TO EXPEL ! ,NOSOTROS GR\P1 BUT NO?+ CAME ( IT & !Y CONT9U$ TO EX]T A P[]FUL 9FLU5CE )9 ! ,F,A,I & ,C,N,T UNTIL ! \TBREAK ( ! ,CIVIL ,W>4 .<#a#g#h.> 

,PROGRESO ,F]N&EZ WAS ONE ( ?OSE S5SITIVE TO ! %IFT 9 DIRECTION ?AT HAD RESULT$ FROM ! 9FLUX ( NEWCOM]S4 ,= HIM ! ,F,A,I N[ CEAS$ TO BE ! AN>*I/ ASSOCIATION HE HAD JO9$ 9 #a#i#b#g3  
  

',I DROPP$ \T ( ! ,F,A,I 9 #aicd :5 ,I RETURN$ FROM EXILE2 ITS AU?ORIT>IAN T5D5CIES W]E ALREADY EVID5T4 ,LOTS ( PEOPLE DROPP$ AWAY !N -- BUT WE REMA9$ AN>*I/S1 BECAUSE AN>*ISM IS AN ATTITUDE TO LIFE4'.<#a#g#i.>  
  

,JOSE ,PEIRATS1 AT ! TIME A MEMB] ( ! ,AF9IDAD GR\P & SECRET>Y ( ! ,B>CELONA ,LOCAL ,F$]ATION ( ! ,F,A,I1 LAT] RECALL$3 .<#a#h.>  
  

',Y\ M5TION ! PROPOSAL TO EXPEL ,LOS ,SOLID>IOS & Y\ SPEAK ( MY ADVOCACY ( ! M9ORITIES' RI<TS ISSUE4 ,I CANNOT RECALL ?IS BUS9ESS ( EXPELL+ ,LOS ,SOLID>IOS1 BUT ,I V]Y WELL RECALL ! EXACT REASON :Y ,I QUIT ! ,F,A,I1 :OSE LOCAL SECRET>Y ,I HAD BE51 9 ! SUMM] ( #aicd 7IT MI<T HAVE BE5 9 ,JULY74 

,MY TWO COLLEAGUES ON ! SECRET>IAT W]E ,MAGR9A 7,EUSEBIO7 & ,CABR]IZO4 ,! LATT] P]I%$ 9 ! ,PLAZA DE ,CATALUNYA DUR+ ! SIEGE LAID TO ! REBEL TROOPS DUG 9 ! ,HOTEL ,COLON & 9 ! ,TELEFONICA BUILD+4 ,! EXACT REASON WAS ?AT SOME GR\PS ADVOCAT$ ! 9TRODUCTION 9TO ! ,F,A,I ( :AT !Y T]M$ DISCIPL9E3 VOT+ & OBS]VANCE ( ! LAW ( MAJORITIES4 ,WE TOOK ! L9E ?AT 9 ! ,F,A,I1 AN AN>*I/ AFF9ITY ORGANIZATION1 ! IMPLEM5TATION ( SU* PROC$URES WAS A NEGATION ( ! PRECEPT ( LIB]TY & ?US ( AN>*ISM'S PURE/ ESS5CES4 ,WE LO/ ! BATTLE & WE )DREW4 ,I H&$ ! SEAL OV] TO ,IDELFONSO ,GONZALES ( ! ,N]VIO GR\P :O BECAME ! NEW SECRET>Y4 

',SO ?AT Y\ MAY UND]/& ?IS MATT] PROP]LY1 LET ME ADD ?AT ! ,F,A,I WAS !N 79 #a#i#c#d7 LITTLE %ORT ( DES]T$4 ,NO MORE ?AN SIX GR\PS ( US W\LD COME TOGE!R 9 ,LAS ,PLANAS OR 9 ! HILLS ( ,HORTA4 ,DUR+ MY T]M AS ,LOCAL ,SECRET>Y -- A P]IOD ( EXACTLY ONE YE> -- WE DID NOT LAY EYES ON ,LOS ,SOLID>IOS 79 ! FLE%7 MORE ?AN ONCE4 ,WE SUMMON$ !M1 ,G>CIA ,OLIV] & O!RS1 BECAUSE !Y HAD TRAVEL$ TO ,MADRID = TALKS ) ,L]R\X4 ,!IR ANSW] WAS ?AT !Y HAD ACC$$ TO ! SUMMONS \T ( C\RTESY1 BUT DID NOT FEEL UND] ANY OBLIGATION TO GIVE US AN ACC\NT ( !IR ACTIVITIES4 ,?IS W\LD HAVE BE5 WELL 9TO ! SPR+ ( #a#i#c#c4 

',:AT ,I AM TRY+ TO GET OV] IS ?AT ! MEMB]S ( ?AT GR\P1 :OM WE NEV] SAW AT \R MEET+S1 W]E ACTIVE MORE 9 ! ,DEF5SE ,GR\PS ?AN 9 ! ,F,A,I1 AL?\< ON ! DAIS & 9 ! PRESS !Y ALWAYS SPECIFICALLY PR(ESS$ TO BE ( ! ,F,A,I4 ,TO SUPPORT ?IS >GUM5T LET ME TELL Y\ ?AT 9 ! IMM$IATE WAKE ( ! EV5TS ( #h ,JANU>Y #a#i#c#c1 WE ( ! ,AF9IDAD GR\P CALL$ UPON ,DURRUTI TO GIVE AN ACC\NT ( HIMSELF BE=E ! ,LOCAL ,F$]ATION ( 7,F,A,I7 ,GR\PS4 ,TO \R A/ONI%M5T1 WE W]E TOLD 9 REPLY ?AT NONE ( ! LEAD]S ( ?AT UPRIS+ BELONG$ TO ! ,F,A,I4 

',IT WAS 9 ! SUMM] ( #aicd ?AT ! ,F,A,I SAW A GREAT] 9FLUX ( PEOPLE4 ,!RE IS AN EXPLANATION = ?IS4 ,I DON'T KN[ :E!R Y\ WILL RECALL ?AT >\ND ?AT TIME !RE WAS AN APPEAL = EV]Y LEAD+ ,C,N,T MILITANT TO JO9 ! ,F,A,I4 ,!N !RE WAS A MASSIVE 9FLUX1 BUT ALSO LOTS ( >GUM5TS1 = ! MOTLEY CREW ( NEWCOM]S W]E V]Y FULL ( !MSELVES4 ,IT WAS !N ?AT ,I SAW ,MUNOZ1 ,M>IANET1 DE ,SANTILLAN1 ,TORYHO & POSSIBLY ALSO Y\R ,Z GR\P.<#a#h#a.> 9 ! ,LOCAL4 ,IT IS POSSIBLE ?AT ! FACT ?AT !RE WAS ALLEG$LY ANO!R ,LOS ,SOLID>IOS GR\P 9 ! ,B>CELONA ,LOCAL ,F$]ATION WAS DUE TO ! FACT ?AT ! AU!NTIC [N]S ( ! TITLE W]E NOT1 AS ,I SAY1 UND] ITS CONTROL4 ,! *ANG+ ( !IR NAME TO ,NOSOTROS MAY POSSIBLY HAVE BE5 AS A RESULT ( !IR RE5TRY AT ! TIME ( ! #aicd 9FLUX & !IR 9ABILITY TO =CE ! O!RS TO *ANGE !IRS4'  
  

,DUR+ ! SUMM] ( #aicd ,L>GO ,CABALL]O1 ?R\< 9T]M$I>IES1 MADE OV]TURES TO ! ,C,N,T ( ,CATALONIA CONC]N+ A POSSIBLE REVOLUTION>Y ALLIANCE ) ! SOCIALI/ ,U,G,T4 ,SIGNIFICANTLY1 ! APPROA* WAS MADE NOT TO ! ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,C,N,T 9 ,Z>AGOZA BUT TO ! ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEE ( ,CATALONIA4 ,A MEET+ WAS >RANG$ BETWE5 ,RAFAEL ,VIDIELLA & ,VILA ,CU5CA1 *AIRM5 ( ! ,U,G,T & ,P,S,O,E 9 ,CATALONIA RESPECTIVELY1 APP>5TLY ON BEHALF ( ! NATIONAL LEAD]%IP1 & ,FRANCISCO ,ASCASO1 ! !N SECRET>Y ( ! ,C,N,T ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEE ( ,CATALONIA4 ,ASCASO WAS ACCOMPANI$ AT ! 9ITIAL MEET+ BY ,BU5AV5TURA ,DURRUTI & ,G>CIA ,OLIV] -- ALL ?REE ( !M MEMB]S ( ! ,CONF$]AL ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE = ,CATALONIA4 

,ACCORD+ TO ,G>CIA ,OLIV]1 .<#a#h#b.> ,VIDIELLA & ,CU5CA PROPOS$ TO ! ,CATALAN AN>*I/S -- EFFECTIVELY ! ,NOSOTROS GR\P -- A JO9T ,U,G,T-,C,N,T-,ESQU]RA RIS+1 :I* W\LD BE 'F$]ALI/ & SOCIALI/' 9 9SPIRATION4 ,! OBJECTIVE WAS TO BR+ D[N ! RI<T-W+ GOV]NM5T4 ,ASCASO EXPLA9$ ?AT ANY AGREEM5T W\LD HAVE TO BE =MALIZ$ AT A JO9T MEET+ ) ,L>GO ,CABALL]O4 ,A MEET+ WAS >RANG$ = ! NEXT TIME ! SOCIALI/ LEAD] WAS 9 ,B>CELONA4 ,! MEET+ NEV] TOOK PLACE4 ,COMPANYS REFUS$ PO9T BLANK TO HAVE ANY?+ TO DO ) '?OSE ,C,N,T-,F,A,I TYPES'4 ,TO DO SO1 HE CLAIM$1 W\LD BE SE5 BY ! WORLD AS UNMI/AKABLE EVID5CE ( ! WEAKNESS ( ! ',POPUL> ,FRONT'4 ,COMPANYS ASSUR$ ,CABALL]O ?AT ) ! SUPPORT ( ! ESCAMOTS1 HIS PRIVATE >MY ( Y\NG NATIONALI/S1 HIS REPUTATION ALONE WAS SUFFICI5T TO RALLY ! :OLE POPULATION ( ,CATALONIA BEH9D !M4 

,ON #d ,OCTOB] #a#i#c#d1 ,ALEJ&RO ,L]R\X PAT*$ TOGE!R A NEW1 PR$OM9ANTLY RI<T W+ GOV]NM5T4 ,IT WAS MADE UP ( RADICALS1 AGR>IANS1 LIB]AL DEMOCRATS & ?REE M9I/]S FROM ! ,C,$,A1 ! P>TY ( ! ,CA?OLIC FUNDAM5TALI/S ?AT HAD /ILL TO DECL>E ITS SUPPORT = ! ,REPUBLIC4 ,! NEWS ( ?IS M9I/RY1 ) ! P>TICIPATION ( ,GIL ,ROBLES1 A MAN LIK5$ TO ! ,AU/RIAN CL]ICAL-FASCI/ LEAD] ,DOLFUSS1 WAS ! SIGNAL = ! ,U,G,T-,P,S,O,E TO EMB>K ON ITS GAMBIT = P[] -- REVOLT4 

,9 ! ,A/URIAS1 ! ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,C,N,T1 A M9ORITY UNION ) A MEMB]%IP ( ONLY #b#b11 HAD SIGN$ A LOCAL AGREEM5T ) ! DOM9ANT ,U,G,T -- ! ,ALIANZA ,OBR]A 7,WORK]S' ,ALLIANCE74 ,! ,ALIANZA WAS ! CREATION ( ! ,M>XI/ ,JOAQU9 ,MAUR91 ONE ( ! PRO-,BOL%EVIKS :O HAD UNSUCCESSFULLY ATTEMPT$ TO 9FILTRATE & TAKE OV] ! ,C,N,T 9 ! #a#i#bS4 ,IT WAS AN AMALGAM ( ! OPPOSITION UNIONS 7S9DICATOS DE OPOSICION7 SET UP FOLL[+ ! TRE9TI/A SPLIT1 ! SOCIALI/S & COMMUNI/S4 ,! ,A/URIAS WAS ! ONLY ,C,N,T REGION TO SIGN ! ,ALIANZA4 

,9 SPITE ( ! FACT ?AT !Y HAD COMMITT$ !MSELVES TO ! ,A/URIAS RIS+ & W]E PROVID$ ) WEAPONS1 SOME?+ ?AT DID NOT HAPP5 ELSE:]E1 ! ,C,N,T W]E NOT 9VIT$ TO P>TICIPATE 9 ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE4 ,NEI!R WAS ! ,C,N,T ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE EV] APPROA*$ BY ! SOCIALI/ LEAD]S ( ! RIS+4 ,MIGUEL ,YOLDI1 ! ,C,N,T NATIONAL SECRET>Y1 HAD ATTEMPT$1 ON HIS [N 9ITIATIVE1 TO MAKE CONTACT ) ,L>GO ,CABALL]O & ! ,OVI$O-BAS$ ,U,G,T-,P,S,O,E-DOM9AT$ ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE TO COORD9ATE ! ACTIONS ( ! TWO UNIONS1 BUT HE HAD BE5 REBUFF$ AT EV]Y TURN4 

,! REVOLT1 ORGANIZ$ BY ! SOCIALI/S1 ) ! ,C,N,T & ! COMMUNI/ M9ORITY 9 AN AUXILI>Y ROLE1 BEGAN 9 ! ,A/URIAN M9+ REGION AT DAWN ON #e ,OCTOB]4 ,! ,U,G,T DECL>$ A G5]AL /RIKE AGA9/ ! 5TRY ( ! ,SPANI% ,CONF$]ATION ( ! ,AUTONOM\S ,RI<T 7,C,$,A7 9TO ! ,SPANI% GOV]NM5T ON #f ,OCTOB]1 :I* LAT] DEVELOP$ 9TO A REVOLUTION>Y UPRIS+4 ,! ,U,G,T DID NOT SEEK ! SUPPORT ( ! ,C,N,T1 BUT 9 SPITE ( ?IS DELIB]ATE AFFRONT1 CONF$]AL MILITANTS ?R\<\T ,SPA9 SUPPORT$ ! /OPPAGE \T ( MORAL SOLID>ITY4 ,DUR+ 9ITIAL SUCCESSES BY ! ,A/URIAN WORK]S1 ! M9]S OCCUPI$ FIR/ ,OVI$O & !N SEV]AL O!R T[NS1 MO/ NOTABLY ! L>GE 9DU/RIAL C5T] ( ,LA ,FELGU]A1 SETT+ UP T[N ASSEMBLIES OR 'REVOLUTION>Y COMMITTEES' TO GOV]N LOCALITIES !Y CONTROLL$1 AS /EPS T[>DS A SOCIALI/ REPUBLIC4 ,H[EV]1 GOV]NM5T TROOPS SURR\ND$ ! REGION & QUICKLY CLOS$ 9 ON ! REVOLUTION>IES4 ,! DIRECTOR ( OP]ATIONS1 ,G5]AL ,LOPEZ ,O*OA1 A REPUBLICAN & FREEMASON1 & ! NEW RIS+ /> 9 ! MILIT>Y FIRMAM5T ,G5]AL ,FRANCISCO ,FRANCO ,BAHAMONDE1 PUT D[N ! RIS+ ) M$IEVAL BRUTALITY4 ,CONFRONT$ ) DISA/]1 ! ,P,S,O,E-,U,G,T-CONTROLL$ C5TRAL REVOLUTION>Y COMMITTEE F9ALLY ORD]$ AN IGNOM9I\S RETREAT ON #aa ,OCTOB]4 

,9 ,CATALONIA IT WAS ! ,E/AT ,CATALA & ! ,ESQU]RA1 ! GOV]N+ P>TIES1 :O HAD BE5 ! PRIME MOV]S 9 :AT !Y HAD HOP$ W\LD BE A PALACE C\P4 ,9 A RADIO BROADCA/ FROM ! ,G5]ALITAT PALACE ,COMPANYS PROCLAIM$ AN AUTONOM\S ,CATALAN /ATE )9 A F$]AL ,SPANI% ,REPUBLIC4 ,HE ALSO (F]$ ! PROVISIONAL F$]AL GOV]NM5T A BASE 9 ,CATALONIA1 BUT NEI!R ! ',POPUL> ,FRONT'1 ! ,ALIANZA ,OBR]A NOR ! ,UNION DE ,RABASSAIRES 7! ,CATALAN PEASANTS' P>TY7 RESPOND$ TO HIS APPEALS = SUPPORT4 ,! FAILURE ( ! ,G5]ALITAT TO ISSUE >MS TO ! ,ALIANZA ,OBR]A & ! UNPROVOK$ ATTACKS ON & >RE/S ( ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I MILITANTS BY ,BADIA'S POLICE CONTRIBUT$ HEAVILY TO ! WORK]S' SUSPICIONS ( ! B\RGEOIS ,CATALAN NATIONALI/S4 ,IMM$IATELY PRIOR TO ! RIS+1 ,G5]ALITAT POLICE RAID$ ! HOMES ( ALL KN[N AN>*I/ MILITANTS4 ,DURRUTI1 = EXAMPLE1 WAS >RE/$ 9 HIS B$ ON #d ,OCTOB] & IMPRISON$ = ALMO/ A YE>4 

,! ANTI-AN>*I/ CAMPAIGN WAG$ BY ! SOCIALI/S & ! POLITICAL LEFT S9CE ! BIR? ( ! ,REPUBLIC HAD1 H[EV]1 MAT]IALLY WEAK5$ ! ,C,N,T4 ,UNTIL ,APRIL #a#i#c#c1 IT WAS E/IMAT$1 UPW>DS ( #a#e1 ,C,N,T MEMB]S W]E 9 JAIL4 .<#a#h#c.> ,! ,G5]ALITAT'S POLICY ( REPRESS+ ! ,C,N,T1 :I* = ! PREVI\S YE> HAD BE5 OBLIG$ TO LEAD A CL&E/9E EXI/5CE1 WAS 9T5SIFI$4 ,SOLID>IDAD ,OBR]A1 ! ,CATALAN ,C,N,T DAILY1 HAD BE5 %UT D[N & ! ,G5]ALITAT POLICE ?R\<\T #aicd HAD SEAL$ ALL ,C,N,T LOCALS1 AT5EOS & CULTURAL C5T]S4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,ABAD DE ,SANTILLAN1 A SYMPA!TIC COMMUNI/ MEMB] ( ! ,WORK]S' ,ALLIANCE HAD 9=M$ !M ?AT ,D5CAS HAD ISSU$ ORD]S TO HIS M5 TO FIRE ON ALL ,C,N,T MEMB]S SPOTT$ ON ! /REETS4 ,:5 ! ,CONF$]AL MILITANTS ATTEMPT$ TO REOP5 !IR CLOS$-D[N UNION PREMISES ON ! MORN+ ( ! RIS+ ,BADIA'S POLICE FIR$ !M ON4 ,IT IS IRONIC ?AT ! FIR/ %OTS TO R+ \T 9 ,B>CELONA W]E AIM$ AGA9/ ! ,C,N,T BY ?OSE 9 REVOLT AGA9/ ! C5TRAL GOV]NM5T4 

,! $ITORIAL (FICES ( ,SOLID>IDAD ,OBR]A W]E ALSO ATTACK$4 ,H[EV]1 9 SPITE ( ?IS HO/ILITY1 :I* V]G$ ON A /ATE ( W>1 ! ,C,N,T DECL>$ A G5]AL /RIKE 9 SUPPORT ( ! RIS+4 

,)9 A FEW H\RS ( ,COMPANYS'S DECL>ATION1 ,G5]AL ,BATET ,ME/RES1 ! CAPTA9 G5]AL ( ,CATALONIA1 PROCLAIM$ M>TIAL LAW4 ,) #e OR SO SOLDI]S HE HAD CLE>$ ! ,G5]ALITAT & ,CATALANI/ =CES FROM ! /REETS4 ,:5 ,BATET'S >TILL]Y FIR$ UNPRIM$ CANNON %ELLS AT ! ,G5]ALITAT BUILD+ ?AT !Y HAD MADE !IR HEADQU>T]S ! LEAD]S SURR5D]$4 ,RIC>DO ,SANZ QUICKLY COLLECT$ ! WEAPONS1 9CLUD+ #c ,W9*E/]S1 DROPP$ 9TO ! SEW]S BY ! FLEE+ ,CATALAN NATIONALI/S1 & ,C,N,T MEMB]S ( ! C\NCIL REFUSE DEP>TM5T4 ,!SE W]E TO REEM]GE TWO YE>S LAT] ON #ai ,JULY #a#i#c#f4 ,9 ,BADALONA & ,GRANOLL]S ! AB&ON$ WEAPONS HAD P]MITT$ ! ,C,N,T TO GA9 CONTROL ( ! /REETS4 ,! ,CATALAN ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,C,N,T1 UNAW>E ( EV5TS !N TAK+ PLACE 9 ! ,A/URIAS1 ORD]$ A RETURN TO WORK AFT] TWO DAYS' G5]AL /RIKE4 

,! AMBIGUITY ) :I* ! ,U,G,T-,P,S,O,E RESPOND$ TO :AT WAS !IR [N RIS+1 ) ! NOTABLE EXCEPTION ( ! ,A/URIAS &1 TO A LESS] EXT5T1 P>TS ( ,LEON & ,CATALONIA1 SUGGE/S ! REAL 9T5TION ( ! LEAD]%IP MAY HAVE BE51 BY UNLEA%+ A LIMIT$ CONFLICT1 TO =CE ! RESIGNATION ( ! RI<T-W+ ,C,$,A GOV]NM5T -- OR AT LEA/ TO ALL[ !M TO NEGOTIATE !IR WAY BACK 9TO ! GOV]NM5T4 

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,JANU>Y #a#f1 #bbb 3 ,*APT] #ai -- ,UPDAT$4 

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