,*APT] #ah 
,DECEMB] #aicc -- ,MILL5>IANS OR ',CONSCI\S ,MILITANTS'8 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,/U>T ,*RI/IE 

,TEXT 3 

#a#h3 ,DECEMB] #aicc -- ,MILL5>IANS OR ',CONSCI\S ,MILITANTS'8 

  

,AS EXPECT$1 ! RI<T WON ! ELECTIONS4 ,) AN AB/5TION RATE ( #cb P] C5T 9 ,SPA9 AS A :OLE & #d P] C5T 9 ,CATALONIA1 .<#a#f#i.> ! AU?ORIT>IAN LEFT1 ) AN E/IMAT$ LOSS ( ONE & A HALF MILLION VOTES1 WAS R\NDLY DEFEAT$4 ,! SOCIALI/S TOOK JU/ #f SEATS AGA9/ #aaf 9 #a#i#c#a4 ,) ! RI<T VICTORI\S IT WAS N[ ! TURN ( ! SOCIALI/S TO BE ON ! RECEIV+ 5D ( SOME ( ! REPRESSION !Y HAD BE5 P>TY TO AS MEMB]S ( ! PREVI\S ADM9I/RATION4 ,ON #c ,DECEMB] ! ,M9I/] ( ! ,9T]IOR DECL>$ A /ATE ( EM]G5CY4 ,= ! AN>*I/S ! BI5IO NEGRO1 ! ',BLACK ,BI5NIUM' AS ! REPRESSIVE P]IOD ?AT WAS TO FOLL[ WAS DUBB$1 WAS M]ELY A CONT9UATION ( ! REPRESSION ?AT HAD BEGUN 9 ! SUMM] ( #a#i#c#a4 

,! 'VICTORI\S' AB/5TIONISM ( ! ,C,N,T 9 ! ,NOVEMB] #aicc ELECTIONS %\LD NOT BE VIEW$ AS A M]E PASSIVE & EMPTY GE/URE4 ,= ! AN>*I/S IT WAS A NECESS>Y PRECONDITION = ! 9SURRECTION ?AT WAS TO FOLL[4 ,HAV+ COMMITT$ !MSELVES TO SOCIAL REVOLUTION AS ! ONLY MEANS ( CUTT+ ! ,GORDIAN KNOT ( LIB]AL DEMOCRACY1 ! ACTIVI/S ( ! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I HAD NO 9T5TION ( R5EG+ ON ?AT PROMISE4 ,)9 DAYS ( ! RI<TI/ P>LIAM5T>Y VICTORY ! ,NATIONAL ,DEF5SE ,COMMISSION ( ! ,C,N,T APPO9T$ A REVOLUTION>Y COMMITTEE TO PLAN & COORD9ATE ! UPRIS+4 ,ITS MEMB]S W]E ,JOAQU9 ,ASCASO1 ,DURRUTI 7ACCORD+ TO ,OLIV] HE JO9$ ! COMMITTEE AGA9/ ! VIEWS ( ! RE/ ( ! ,NOSOTROS GR\P71 ,CIPRIANO ,M]A1 ,G>CIA ,*ACON1 ,CASADO ,OJ$A1 ,MOISES & ,JESUS ,ALCRUDO1 ,ANTONIO ,EJ>QUE1 ,FELIPE ,ORQU91 ,RAMON ,&RES & ,DR ,ISAAC ,PU5TE1 ! AU?OR ( ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM4 ,Z>AGOZA WAS *OS5 AS ! BASE ( ! ,NATIONAL ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE BECAUSE ( ITS PROXIMITY TO ! ,C,N,T ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE4 ,! DATE ( ! RIS+ WAS FIX$ = #h ,DECEMB] #a#i#c#c1 ! DAY S*$UL$ = ! (FICIAL OP5+ ( ! RI<TI/-DOM9AT$ ,CORTES4 

,! UPRIS+ WAS PRESAG$ BY A SPECTACUL> MASS ESCAPE ( #eh ,C,N,T PRISON]S FROM ,B>CELONA'S ,MODELO PRISON4 ,G5]AL /RIKES W]E DECL>$ 9 ,Z>AGOZA1 ,B>CELONA1 ,HUESCA1 ,VAL5CIA1 ,SEVILLE1 ,CORDOBA1 ,GRANADA1 ,BADAJOZ1 ,GIJON & ,LOGRONO4 ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM WAS DECL>$ 9 A NUMB] ( T[NS & VILLAGES1 P>TICUL>LY AMONG ! V9E-GR[+ VILLAGES ?AT DOTT$ ! BANKS ( ! RIV] ,EBRO 9 ,>AGON & ,RIOJA4 ,9T]E/+LY 5\< ! MAJORITY ( ! AN>*I/ MILITANTS :O TOOK P>T 9 ! RIS+ 9 ! ,EBRO VILLAGES W]E SMALLHOLD]S1 PL[M51 %>ECROPP]S & SMALL T5ANT F>M]S1 A FACT ?AT L5DS WEI<T TO ! !ORY ?AT !SE M5 & WOM5 W]E MOV$ BY REVOLUTION>Y RA!R ?AN PURELY ECONOMIC MOTIVES4 .<#a#f#i.> ,SIGNIFICANTLY1 ! UPRIS+ DREW LITTLE SUPPORT 9 ,CATALONIA1 ,LEVANTE & ,&ALUCIA1 REGIONS :I* HAD BORNE ! BRUNT ( ! REPRESSION FOLL[+ ! E>LI] ,JANU>Y RIS+ & :OSE MO/ RELIABLE & COMMITT$ MILITANTS W]E 9 JAIL4 

,9 ! SOCIALI/-DOM9AT$ >EAS SU* AS ! ,A/URIAS & ,BILBAO ! /RIKES W]E P>TIAL & SPORADIC4 ,! FAILURE ( ! SOCIALI/S TO RESPOND FAVORABLY1 ! APA?Y ( ! BROAD MASS ( PEOPLE & ! DEMORALIZ+ 9T]V5TION BY ! CONSCRIPT >MY MEANT ! RIS+ WAS DOOM$ FROM ! />T4 ,9 ,B>CELONA1 :]E MO/ ( ! LEAD]S HAD BE5 >RE/$ EV5 BE=E ! RIS+ HAD BE5 LAUN*$1 FI<T+ WAS LIMIT$ TO A %ORT EX*ANGE ( GUNFIRE 9 A FEW WORK+-CLASS >EAS4 ,IT WAS1 AS 9DICAT$ ABOVE1 MA9LY 9 ,RIOJA1 ,>AGON & ,NAV>RE ?AT ! RIS+ PROV$ SUCCESSFUL4 ,9 ,Z>AGOZA1 = EXAMPLE1 ! REVOLUTION>IES MANAG$ TO HOLD \T = SEV5 DAYS BE=E ! POLICE & ! >MY MANAG$ TO RECAPTURE ! CITY4 ,! EV5TUAL TOLL :5 ! /RUGGLE F9ALLY COLLAPS$ ON #ae ,DECEMB]1 AS E/IMAT$ BY ,JOSE ,PEIRATS1 WAS #hg DEAD1 C\NTLESS W\ND$ & #g :O RECEIV$ LONG PRISON S5T5CES4 

,WRIT+ FROM HIS PRISON CELL1 ,DR ,ISAAC ,PU5TE1 ONE ( ! ORGANIZ]S ( ! RIS+1 REFLECT$ ON ! V>I\S FACTORS ?AT CONTRIBUT$ TO ! FAILURE ( ! 9SURRECTION3  
  

',! EPISODE TOOK PLACE DUR+ A FREEZE1 AGA9/ A BACKGR\ND ( 9CLEM5T WEA!R :I* M>%AL$ ALL ! RIGORS ( COLD1 RA9 & SN[ AGA9/ ! UND]TAK+4 ,! ,CONF$]ATION'S 5TIRE AN>*I/ LEAV51 ITS VITAL & ACTIVE ELEM5T1 DEPLOY$ TO UNLEA% ?IS REVOLUTION>Y ACT1 9 ORD] TO GALVANIZE 9TO ACTION ! TIMOR\S1 PASSIVE ELEM5T ( ! ,C,N,T :I* MOBILIZ$ ONLY 9 SOME VILLAGES4 ,! PEOPLE1 BROK5 BY AN 9H]ITANCE ( FE> & CON=MI/ $UCATION1 DID NOT LET !MSELVES BE CAU<T UP 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y ZEAL ?AT MOV$ ! 0H]ALDS0 :OSE IMPATI5CE & FAI? SPEAK ( SOCIETY'S URGE = R5EWAL4 ,[+ TO A V>IETY ( ADV]SE CIRCUM/ANCES1 BACK+ :I* HAD BE5 C\NT$ ON FAIL$ TO MAT]IALIZE &1 AS A LOGICAL CONSEQU5CE ( ?IS ! REVOLT WAS UNABLE TO SPREAD BEYOND ! SCALE IT HAD ATTA9$ ON DAY ONE4' .<#a#g#a.>  
  

,! SECRET>IAT ( ! 9T]NATIONAL AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ ORGANIZATION1 ! ,I,W,M,A 7,A,I,T71 DELIV]$ !IR JUDGM5T ) 'P]FECT H9DSI<T3  
  

',PASSIVE AB/5TIONISM 9 C\NTRIES :]E SU* AB/5TIONS MAY COMPLETELY 9VALIDATE ! ELECTIONS1 IS A FUTILE GE/URE UNLESS IT C>RIES )9 IT 0DYNAMIC SE$S04 ,! 0VICTORI\S0 ,C,N,T AB/5TIONISM ( ,NOVEMB] #aicc WAS REALLY A 0DEFEAT0 = ! ,C,N,T BECAUSE ( ITS FAIL$ 9SURRECTION ( ,DECEMB] ?AT SAME YE>4 ,IF ?AT 9SURRECTION MISS$ ITS M>K 9 C]TA9 RESPECTS1 IT WAS BECAUSE ! ,C,N,T1 DUR+ ITS PHASE ( AB/5TIONISM :I* WAS1 ON ! SURFACE1 SUCCESSFUL444& PROBABLY BE=E !N1 TOO444FAIL$ TO CONC]N ITSELF ) ! IMM$IATE FOLL[-UP TO ?AT VICTORY4 ,?US ! FUTILITY ( PASSIVE AB/5TIONISM WAS M]ELY EXAC]BAT$ BY ! PO9TLESS VICTORY1 = LACK ( PREP>ATION ( EV5TS ?AT \<T TO HAVE 9VE/$ IT ) A C]TA9 ACTUALITY4 ,9 ,FRANCE1 :]E ! AW>E AB/5TIONISM ( ! REVOLUTION>Y MASSES CAN HAVE NO 9FLU5CE BEYOND PROPAGATION ( \R IDEAS1 & NO IMPACT UPON ! \TCOME ( ! G5]AL ELECTIONS1 0PASSIVE0 AB/5TIONISM TODAY IS 9CONSEQU5TIAL4 ,IT S]VES ONLY AS A DECL>ATION ( PR9CIPLES ?AT1 SOON] ( LAT]1 WILL HAVE TO BE IMPLEM5T$ ON BASES RESE>*$ & PREP>$ 9 ADVANCE4 

',9 ,SPA91 ?AT GR\NDWORK \<T TO HAVE BE5 9 PLACE4 ,EV]Y SUITABLE OPPORTUNITY \<T TO BE SEIZ$ = ! PURPOSE ( /E]+ \R /RUGGLES ALONG ! L9ES ( 0REVOLUTION>Y DIRECT ACTION04 ,9 ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ FASCISM & ! ,/ATE1 A G5]AL EXPROPRIATORY /RIKE CAN & %\LD BE ! OV]TURE TO SU* ACTION4 ,A SUCCESSFUL AB/5TIONISM :I* LEAVES ! ,/ATE & ITS APP>ATUS 9 A DELICATE POSITION -- & SU* WAS ! CASE 9 ,NOVEMB] #aicc -- CAN & %\LD ALSO BE ! OV]TURE TO SU* ACTION1 UNLESS ONE WI%ES TO SQU&] ! DYNAMIC EFFECT ( A PASSIVE SUCCESS444 '.<#a#g#b.>  
  

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #d1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #ah -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #a#f1 #bbb 3 ,*APT] #ah -- ,UPDAT$4 

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