,*APT] #af 
,LEGITIMACY ,CRISIS 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,/U>T ,*RI/IE 

,TEXT 3 

#a#f3 ,LEGITIMACY ,CRISIS 

  

,BY #aicb IT WAS CLE> TO ALL SECTIONS ( ! POPULATION ?AT LIB]AL DEMOCRACY WAS NOT WORK+ ! WAY IT WAS SUPPOS$ TO4 ,DISSATISFACTION ) GOV]NM5T AFFECT$ EV]YONE1 CUTT+ ACROSS CLASS & REGIONAL L9ES4 ,! POLITICIZ+ EFFECT ( ! DEMOCRATIC SURGE ?AT ACCOMPANI$ ! ,REPUBLIC HAD L$ ! PEOPLE TO MAKE POLITICAL DEM&S ON ! ,/ATE ?AT C\LD NOT BE MET4 ,DISAPPO9TM5T WAS 9EVITABLE & CONFID5CE 9 ! ,REPUBLIC BEGAN TO WI!R4 

,! YE> #aicb WAS DOM9AT$ BY UN9T]RUPT$ AGR>IAN & 9DU/RIAL UNRE/4 ,/RIKES & VIOL5T CONFRONTATIONS W]E A DAILY OCCURR5CE4 ,! SPECT] ( REVOLUTION HAUNT$ ! AGR>IAN1 9DU/RIAL & COMM]CIAL B\RGEOISIE & ! SEMI-FEUDAL L&$ ELITE ( ,SPA9 ALIKE4 ,ON #bi ,MAY A ,NATIONAL ,PL5UM ( ,C,N,T ,REGIONALS HAD ORGANIZ$ A SUCCESSFUL NATIONWIDE DAY ( PROTE/ AGA9/ GOV]NM5TAL REPRESSION & ANTI-,C,N,T LEGISLATION SU* AS ! JURADOS MIXTOS4 ,! ,LAW ( ,PR(ESSIONAL ,ASSOCIATIONS1 PASS$ ON #h ,APRIL1 HAD BE5 SE5 AS A FUR!R DELIB]ATELY PROVOCATIVE ATTACK BY ! GOV]NM5T ON ! ,C,N,T4 

,AL?\< ! PRESS1 9CLUD+ ! SOCIALI/ PRESS1 REF]R$ CON/ANTLY TO AN>*I/ UNRE/1 ! ACTIVISM CR$IT$ TO ,F,A,I MANIPULATION WAS1 9 FACT1 A REFLECTION ( ! DEGREE ( WORK+-CLASS MILITANCY & ! /R5G? ( POPUL> FEEL+4 ,9 ! RURAL >EAS1 = EXAMPLE1 IT WAS NOT UNKN[N = ! L&LESS WORK]S TO CON/ITUTE !MSELVES 9TO A CASA DEL PUEBLO1 A CROSS BETWE5 A TRADES C\NCIL & A COMMUNITY C5T]1 & AFFILIATE TO EV]Y REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATION !Y C\LD ?9K ( -- AN>*I/1 SOCIALI/ & COMMUNI/4 ,AS ,PAUL ,PRE/ON NOTES3 

',! ESS5TIAL H>%NESS ( CONDITIONS CREAT$ A SOLID>ITY :I* ROSE ABOVE ! RIVALRIES ( ! V>I\S POLITICAL FACTIONS4'.<#a#e.> 

,! SEMI-FEUDAL & FUNDAM5TALI/ RI<T1 MEAN:ILE1 HAD RECOV]$ FROM ! %OCK ( ! ,REPUBLICAN VICTORY ! PREVI\S ,APRIL4 ,FE>+ ! B\RGEOIS C5T] W\LD BE UNABLE TO HOLD \T MU* LONG] AGA9/ AN 9CREAS+LY UNGOV]NABLE WORK+ CLASS 9 A REVOLUTION>Y FRAME ( M9D1 !Y BEGAN TO PLAN ! RE/ORATION ( !IR POLITICAL P[]4 ,9 ,AUGU/1 ,G5]AL ,SANJURJO1 EX-DIRECTOR ( ! ,CIVIL ,GU>D & COMM&] ( ! C>AB9]OS1 ALSO AN >I/OCRAT1 LAUN*$ A MILIT>Y C\P4 ,! REBELS W]E DEFEAT$ 9 ,MADRID :5 !Y ATTEMPT$ TO SEIZE ! ,M9I/RIES ( ,W> & ,COMMUNICATIONS4 ,9 ,SEVILLE1 ,SANJURJO HAD GREAT] SUCCESS4 ,9 ! FACE ( WIDESPREAD APA?Y &1 9 SOME CASES1 COLLUSION ON ! P>T ( ! LOCAL AU?ORITIES1 ! ,C,N,T CALL$ A G5]AL /RIKE4 ,AN>*I/ DEF5SE GR\PS ATTACK$ & BURN$ ! MEET+ PLACES ( ! BIG L&[N]S1 EMPLOY]S & RI<TI/S4 ,! ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE =M$ A ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE ?AT CALL$ ! PEOPLE \T ONTO ! /REETS4 ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I DEF5SE GR\PS ATTACK$ & BURN$ ! MEET+ PLACES ( ! BIG L&[N]S1 EMPLOY]S & RI<TI/S4 ,! 9SURG5TS W]E R\T$4 ,! QUICK RESPONSE ( ! LIB]T>IANS HAD MOBILIZ$ ! POPULATION TO DEFEAT ! REBELLION &1 P>ADOXICALLY1 TO SAVE ! ,REPUBLIC4 

,AS #aicb DREW TO A CLOSE ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION>Y OBJECTIVES & ANTI-P>LIAM5T>Y PR9CIPLES ( ! BIGGE/ LABOR UNION 9 ,SPA9 APPE>$ TO EXPRESS ! MOOD ( ! ,SPANI% WORK+-CLASS4 ,DURRUTI1 REC5TLY RELEAS$ FROM PRISON = HIS P>T 9 ! ,FIGOLS UPRIS+1 ADDRESS$ A MASS AUDI5CE AT A MEET+ TO LAUN* A ,F,A,I PROPAG&A CAMPAIGN AT ! ,PALACE ( ,F9E ,>TS 9 ,B>CELONA ON #a ,DECEMB] #a#i#c#b3  
  

',Y\R PRES5CE AT ?IS MEET+ & MY PRES5CE ON ?IS PLAT=M %[ ! B\RGEOISIE & GOV]NM5T CLE>LY ?AT ! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I >E =CES :I* 9CREASE ) REPRESSION & GR[ 9 ADV]SITY444 ,! ,REPUBLICAN SOCIALI/ GOV]NM5T ?\<T ?AT ) ! DEPORTATION ( A HUNDR$ OR MORE WORK]S ?AT ! ,C,N,T W\LD KNUCKLE UND]4 ,ACT+ AS IT DID1 IT %[$ ONCE AGA9 ITS IGNORANCE ( SOCIAL REALITY & ! REASON = ! EXI/5CE ( AN>*ISM4 ,! B\RGEOIS PRESS HAS APPLAUD$ ! GOV]NM5T'S MOVE1 ! DEPORTATIONS1 ?9K+ ?AT ONCE ! LEAD]S W]E EXIL$ ! %EEP W\LD GO BACK TO ! %EEPFOLD4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 ! DOG KILL$1 ! RABIES W\LD DISAPPE>4 ,! B\RGEOIS SCRIBBL]S W]E MI/AK51 JU/ LIKE ! GOV]NM5T ITSELF444 ! ,SPANI% WORK+ CLASS IS NOT A H]D ( %EEP (F]+ !IR NECKS SO ?AT A YOKE CAN BE PLAC$ UPON !M4 

',SU* DREADFUL ?+S HAVE BE5 SAID AB\T ME1 AS WELL AS AB\T MY COMRADES 9 DEPORTATION1 BELIEV+ ?AT ,I W\LD BE DISCR$IT$1 BUT ! EFFECT WAS 5TIRELY ! OPPOSITE444 ,TO FI<T US !Y HAVE US$ ! WOR/ WEAPONS4 ,! !ORY ( ! 0LEAD]S0 ( ! ,C,N,T IS ID5TICAL TO ! 0SC\NDRELS0 ( ! ,F,A,I444 

',?OSE :OM ! B\RGEOISIE CALL 0LEAD]S0 >E WORK]S :OM ALL ! WORLD KN[S & !IR WAY ( LIFE IS ID5TICAL ) ?AT ( EV]Y UN=TUNATE WORK]4 ,! WAY !Y DIFF] IS ?AT !Y HAVE ! C\RAGE TO *OOSE ! WOR/ POSITION 9 ! /RUGGLE1 TO BE 9 ! FRONT L9E TO /OP A BULLET OR FILL ! PRISONS4 ,! REAL B&ITS1 ! REAL SC\NDRELS1 >E ! POLITICIANS :O NE$ TO FOOL ! WORK]S & PUT !M TO SLEEP :ILE PROMIS+ !M A MON? ( ,SUNDAYS SO AS TO WRE/ !IR VOTES FROM !M1 :I* WILL BR+ !M TO ! ,CORTES & WILL P]MIT !M TO LIVE LIKE P>ASITES ON ! SWEAT ( ! WORK]S444 

',= ! GOV]NM5T1 IT WAS A POLITICAL ]ROR TO EXILE US1 = !Y PAID = \R TRIP TO ! ,CAN>IES SO ?AT WE C\LD MAKE AN>*I/ PROPAG&A444 

',ANO!R >GUM5T US$ AGA9/ US IS ?AT WE >E 9 ! PAY ( ! MON>*I/S1 ?AT WE PLAY ! GAME ( REACTION BY FI<T+ ! ,REPUBLIC4 ,! ATTITUDE ( ! ,C,N,T 9 ,SEVILLE %[S ?AT ?IS >GUM5T IS ALSO LAME4 ,IT IS ! SECOND TIME ?AT ! ,C,N,T HAS SAV$ ! LIFE ( ! ,REPUBLIC4 ,BUT ! ,REPUBLICANS %\LD NOT FOOL !MSELVES4 ,SANJURJO SAID ?AT 0! AN>*I/S WILL NOT SUCCE$0 & ! AN>*I/S DID SUCCE$ & ,SANJURJO HAD TO 0BITE ! DU/04 ,LET ! 

',! ,REPUBLICAN ,SOCIALI/S %\LD KN[ ?AT !Y MU/ EI!R RESOLVE ! SOCIAL PROBLEM OR ELSE IT WILL BE ! PEOPLE :O WILL DO IT4 ,WE ?9K ?AT ! ,REPUBLIC CANNOT RESOLVE IT4 ,ALSO1 WE SAY ?IS CLE>LY TO ! WORK+ CLASS ?AT !RE IS N[ ONLY ONE DILEMMA3 EI!R TO DIE LIKE MOD]N-DAY SLAVES1 OR TO LIVE LIKE ADMIRABLE M51 ON ! /RAI<T PA? ( SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 

',Y\ !N1 WORK]S :O >E LI/5+ TO ME1 KN[ :AT TO EXPECT4 ,! *ANGE 9 ! C\RSE ( Y\R LIVES DEP5DS ON Y\4'.<#a#e#a.>  
  

,DURRUTI'S IMPASSION$ SPEE* WAS WELL RECEIV$4 ,! ,REPUBLIC1 LACK+ ANY REAL P[] BASE 9 ! C\NTRY1 FAC$ AN IMPOSSIBLE TASK2 IT HAD FAIL$ COMPLETELY TO LIVE UP TO ! EXPECTATIONS ( ! ,SPANI% WORK+ CLASSES4 ,IT WAS CLE>LY UNABLE1 OR UNWILL+1 9 ! FACE ( RESOLUTE OPPOSITION FROM ! /ILL UN*ALL5G$ & P[]FUL L&$ 9T]E/1 TO IMPLEM5T ! LONG HOP$-= AGR>IAN RE=MS :I* W\LD BR+ ,SPA9 9TO ! MOD]N AGE4 

,BY ,OCTOB] #aicb ,C,N,T MEMB]%IP HAD JUMP$1 9 ONE YE>1 FROM #h1 TO OV] A MILLION4 ,MANY ( !SE HAD BE5 RECRUIT$ FROM AMONG ! 9CREAS+LY DISILLUSION$ MEMB]S ( ! SOCIALI/ ,U,G,T RANK & FILE4 ,DRACONIAN REPRESSION & ! ANTI AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ LEGISLATION ( ! SOCIALI/S & REPUBLICANS1 C\PL$ ) ! HO/ILITY & CON/ANT H>ASSM5T & 9TIMIDATION ( ! NEWLY CREAT$ ,G5]ALITAT GOV]NM5T ( ,CATALONIA1 LEFT ! ,C,N,T ) FEW OPTIONS4 ,TWO SOLUTIONS PRES5T$ !MSELVES -- ! AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ ONE1 ) ITS EMPHASIS ON BUILD+ UP ! ORGANIZATION 9 ! HOPE ?AT CON/ANT WORK+-CLASS PRESSURE = AN 9CREAS+LY MORE RATIONAL & JU/ SOCIETY W\LD F9ALLY OP5 ! DOORS TO A SOCIETY )\T ! P]SECUTION OR EXPLOITATION ( MAN BY MAN1 OR ! 'CAVALRY *>GE' OPTION ) ITS /RATEGY ( CON/ANT DIRECT FRONTAL ATTACKS AIM$ AT WEAK5+ ! SY/EM1 $UCAT+ ! PEOPLE & BUILD+ A REVOLUTION>Y SELF-CONFID5CE :I* W\LD ONE DAY ALL[ !M TO ?R[ (F ! %ACKLES ( /ATE & PROP]TY & BEG9 TO BUILD A MORE JU/ SOCIETY4 

,SPURR$ ON BY ! EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPH]E & ! HEADY REVOLUTION>Y CONSCI\SNESS :I* HAD BUILT UP /EADILY S9CE ! ,ALTO ,LLOBREGAT RIS+ AT ! BEG9N+ ( ! YE>1 ! JO9T ,C,N,T-,F,A,I DEF5SE CADRES 7CUADROS DE DEF5SA71 UND] ! NATIONAL & LOCAL DEF5SE COMMITTEES1 PREP>$ TO LAUN* A COORD9AT$ NATIONAL REVOLUTION>Y 9SURRECTION4 ,IT WAS ! ONLY VIABLE OPTION 9 ! FACE ( ! CONT9U+ PROVOCATIONS ( ! ,MADRID & ,CATALAN GOV]NM5TS4 ,BO? GOV]NM5TS HAD ADOPT$ ! ELITI/1 PE/ANI/A1 L9E ?AT ! ,C,N,T WAS SIMPLY A PAWN 9 ! H&S ( ! ,F,A,I1 & HAD1 S9CE E>LY 9 ! YE>1 SY/EMATICALLY ATTEMPT$ TO BREAK AN>*I/ 9FLU5CE 9 ! ,C,N,T4 ,CONF$]AL NEWSPAP]S HAD BE5 SUSP5D$ & PREV5TIVE DET5TION 9TRODUC$1 :ILE ,C,N,T MILITANTS W]E BE+ BEAT5 UP & TORTUR$ 9 ! SECRET DET5TION C5T]S OP]AT$ BY ! ,ESQU]RA4 

,! RIS+ WAS S*$UL$ TO TAKE PLACE ON #h ,JANU>Y #a#i#c#c1 ALMO/ EXACTLY A YE> AFT] ! FIR/ RIS+ 9 ,ALTO ,LLOBREGAT4 .<#a#e#b.> ,A NATIONWIDE G5]AL /RIKE ( RAILWAY WORK]S WAS TO PROVIDE ! BACKDROP = ! PLANN$ 9SURRECTION4 ,P>ALYZES ( ! RAIL NETWORK W\LD1 IT WAS HOP$1 CAUSE MAXIMUM ECONOMIC DISRUPTION & LIMIT ! GOV]NM5T'S ABILITY TO MOVE TROOPS TO COPE ) ! CONC]T$ RIS+S 9 WIDELY DISP]S$ URBAN & RURAL >EAS4 

,BUT1 :5 MEMB]S ( ! ,CATALAN ,REGIONAL ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,C,N,T MET TO F9ALIZE ! >RANGEM5TS = ! RIS+ ) ! ,C,N,T'S ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE1 !Y W]E SURPRIS$ TO F9D ?AT ?IS BODY1 AT ! LA/ MOM5T1 WANT$ ! 9SURRECTION CALL$ (F4 ,! ,CATALANS REFUS$ TO CALL IT (F & 9SI/$ ON GO+ AHEAD AS PLANN$4 

,ONE ( ! KEYS TO ! CONFUSION & DISA/] ?AT FOLL[$ WAS ! OV]LAPP+ MEMB]%IPS ( ! MA9 PROTAGONI/S 9 ! RELEVANT COMMITTEES4 ,MANUEL ,RIVAS1 BO? ,NATIONAL ,SECRET>Y ( ! ,C,N,T & ,SECRET>Y ( ! ,NATIONAL ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE1 DISAGRE$ ) ! ,CATALAN ,REGIONAL ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE'S OPTIMI/IC ASSESSM5T ( ! SITUATION4 ,BUT HIS REVOLUTION>Y & P]SONAL LOYALTIES \TWEI<$ HIS CRITICAL JUDGM5T & HE AGRE$ TO COOP]ATE -- 9 ! BELIEF ! ,CATALAN ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE WAS ACT+ 9 ! NAME ( ! ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,C,N,T4 

,! ,CATALAN ,REGIONAL ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE1 H[EV]1 WAS ACT+ ON ITS [N 9ITIATIVE4 ,RIVAS'S ROLE WAS TO ADVISE ALL ! REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS1 9 ACCORDANCE ) A ,C,N,T ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE CIRCUL> ( #bi ,DECEMB]1 ?AT ,B>CELONA HAD RIS5 9 REVOLT & !Y W]E TO FOLL[ SUIT4 .<#a#e#c.> 

,! ,CATALAN ,REGIONAL ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE CONSI/$1 PRIM>ILY1 ( MEMB]S ( ! ,NOSOTROS GR\P1 ,DURRUTI1 ,OLIV] & ,ASCASO4 ,DURRUTI1 REPRES5T+ ! ,C,N,T'S ,NATIONAL ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE1 HAD TRAVEL$ TO ,&ALUCIA AT ! BEG9N+ ( ! YE> TO TAKE P>T 9 A ,C,N,T CONF]5CE & TO COORD9ATE PLANS = ! REVOLT4 ,EV]Y?+ H+$ ON ,B>CELONA4 ,IF ! MOVEM5T FAIL$ !RE ! :OLE ?+ WAS TO BE ABORT$4 

,! PREMATURE EXPLOSION ( TWO BOMBS CLOSE TO ! C5TRAL POLICE HEADQU>T]S 9 ,B>CELONA =C$ ! 9SURG5TS' H&4 ,JO9T ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I ,DEF5SE ,CADRES ATTACK$ A NUMB] ( B>RACKS 9 ! ,CATALAN CAPITAL BUT ! AU?ORITIES HAD BE5 FULLY 9=M$ ( ! 9SURRECTION>Y PLANS & W]E WAIT+ = !M TO MAKE !IR MOVE4 ,:AT HAD BE5 9T5D$ AS A SURPRISE OP]ATION TURN$ 9TO A WELL-PREP>$ TRAP4 ,ON ! MORN+ ( #h ,JANU>Y ,PREMI] ,AZANA NOT$ 9 HIS DI>Y3  
  

',AT #a#aAM ?IS MORN+1 ,CAS>ES .<,CAS>ES ,QUIROGA1 M9I/] ( ! 9T]IOR.> TELEPHON$ ME ?AT ACCORD+ TO ALL 9DICATIONS1 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T ?AT WE W]E WAIT+ = W\LD BE LAUN*$ TODAY1 LATE 9 ! AFT]NOON4 ,!IR PLANS >E TO ASSAULT ! MILIT>Y B>RACKS AT ,B>CELONA1 ,Z>AGOZA1 ,SEVILLE1 ,BILBAO1 & O!R PO9TS4 ,SOME?+ IS ALSO EXPECT$ 9 ,MADRID1 BUT ( LESS IMPORTANCE4 ,I AM S5D+ 9/RUCTIONS TO DIVISIONAL G5]ALS4'.<#a#e#d.>  
  

,! RAILWAY WORK]S1 MO/ ( :OM BELONG$ TO ! ,U,G,T1 FAIL$ TO COME \T ON /RIKE4 ,!IR NATIONAL UNION LEAD]S HAD SID$ ) ! ,U,G,T EXECUTIVE4 ,! ,CATALAN LEAD]S ( ! REBELLION1 9CLUD+ ,G>CIA ,OLIV] & ,GREGORIO ,JOV]1 W]E >RE/$ 9 ! OP5+ /AGES2 BY NOON ! 9SURRECTION 9 ,B>CELONA HAD BE5 CRU%$4 ,NEI!R ! SOLDI]S 9 ! B>RACKS NOR ! POPULACE AT L>GE RESPOND$ TO ! CALL TO REVOLUTION4 

,9 ! MEANTIME1 H[EV]1 ,MANUEL ,RIVAS1 9 HIS CAPACITY AS SECRET>Y ( ! ,NATIONAL ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE1 HAD TELEGRAPH$ ! O!R ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEES 9=M+ !M ?AT ,CATALONIA HAD RIS54 ,AL?\< HE SIGN$ ! TELEGRAM 9 HIS NAME ONLY1 NOT AS NATIONAL SECRET>Y ( ! ,C,N,T1 IT WAS ASSUM$ ?AT ! 9=MATION CAME 9 ! NAME ( ! ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE1 NOT ! ,NATIONAL ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE4 ,ON RECEIPT ( ?IS TELEGRAM ! ,LEVANTE & ,&ALUCIA ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEES 9/RUCT$ !IR AFFILIATES TO FOLL[ SUIT4 ,! AN>*I/-ORI5T$ PAP] ,LA ,TI]RA HAD ALSO C>RI$ PREMATURE REPORTS ?AT DAY ?AT ! 9SURRECTION WAS SPREAD+ QUICKLY ?R\<\T ! P59SULA & ?AT A G5]AL /RIKE WAS 9 PROGRESS4 ,BE=E ! MI/AKE C\LD BE RECTIFI$1 ! LOCAL ,DEF5SE ,GR\PS 9 A NUMB] ( DI/RICTS HAD BEGUN TO MOVE 9TO ACTION TO DECL>E ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM4 

,9 ! ,CATALAN T[N ( ,RIPOLLET ! AN>*I/S SEIZ$ ! T[N HALL1 UNFURL$ ! BLACK-&-R$ FLAG ( ! ,C,N,T & PROCLAIM$ UNIV]SAL FRAT]NITY & ! ABOLITION ( MONEY1 PRIVATE PROP]TY & ! EXPLOITATION ( MAN BY MAN4 ,!Y !N PROCE$$ TO BURN ALL ! LEGAL >*IVES1 ESPECIALLY PROP]TY DE$S1 9 ! MA9 SQU>E4 ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM WAS ALSO DECL>$ 9 ,VAL5CIA & ,L]IDA AS WELL AS ! VILLAGES ( ,RIB>OJA1 ,BET]A1 ,P$RALBA & ,BUG>RA4 ,!SE ISOLAT$ LOCAL MOVEM5TS W]E SOON QUA%$ BY ! PROMPT >RIVAL ( GOV]NM5T =CES FROM SURR\ND+ >EAS4 ,9 ,&ALUCIA1 EV5TS L$ TO :AT WAS TO BECOME AN 9FAM\S 9CID5T 9 ! SMALL1 IMPOV]I%$ T[N%IP ( ,CASAS ,VIEJAS4 

,ON ! MORN+ ( #aa ,JANU>Y1 UNAW>E ?AT ! RIS+ HAD BE5 CRU%$ ELSE:]E ?R\<\T ! P59SULA1 REPRES5TATIVES ( ! LOCAL ,F,A,I GR\P1 ,LIB]T>IAN ,Y\? ORGANIZATION & ,C,N,T S9DICATO CALL$ ON ! MAYOR ( ,CASAS ,VIEJAS TO 9=M HIM ?AT ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM HAD BE5 DECL>$ & ?AT HIS S]VICES AS A FUNCTION>Y ( ! /ATE W]E NO LONG] REQUIR$4 .<#a#e#e.> ,GIV5 ! DI/ORT$ 9T]PRETATIONS ( ! ,CASAS ,VIEJAS RIS+ IT IS IMPORTANT TO /RESS ?AT IT %\LD BE SE5 9 ! CONTEXT ( AN ORGANIZ$ NATIONWIDE UPRIS+ & NOT ! SPONTANE\S ACTION ( A SMALL ISOLAT$ GR\P ( LOCAL 5?USIA/S /AG+ A DECL>ATION ( 'VILLAGE 9DEP5D5CE *>ACT]I/IC ( ! MILL5>IAN TRADITION ( RURAL AN>*ISM'1 AS IS MA9TA9$ BY B\RGEOIS & ,M>XI/ WRIT]S4 .<#a#e#f.> ,$U>DO DE ,GUZMAN1 AN>*I/ $ITOR ( ,LA ,TI]RA1 RECORD$ ! FULL TRAG$Y ( :AT FOLL[$3  
  

',= A NUMB] ( H\RS ! WORK]S W]E MA/]S ( ! VILLAGE & ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM WAS DECL>$4 ,FROM #gAM UNTIL #dPM !Y HAD REASON TO BELIEVE ?AT ! REVOLUTION ?R\<\T ,SPA9 HAD BE5 SUCCESSFUL4 ,! R$-&-BLACK FLAG FLUTT]$ 9 ! BREEZE2 >M$ PEASANTS W]E 9 CONTROL ( ! SITUATION4 ,DUR+ ?OSE FLEET+ H\RS ( VICTORY IT NEV] OCCURR$ TO ! WORK]S TO WREAK V5GEANCE ON ANYONE1 DE/ROY ANY?+ OR MOLE/ ANYONE :O MAY1 POSSIBLY1 HAVE BE5 !IR 5EMIES4 ,!RE W]E SEV]AL CACIQUES 7POLITICAL BOSSES7 9 ! VILLAGE1 ALONG ) !IR FAMILIES4 ,NO ONE WAS MOLE/$ NOR W]E ANY DEM&S MADE ( ANY ( !M2 ALL W]E TREAT$ ) RESPECT4 ,! SAME APPLI$ TO ! FEW %OPS AS WELL AS ! *UR* & ITS PRIE/4 ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM BEGAN1 AS 9 EV]Y O!R VILLAGE 9 :I* IT HAD BE5 PROCLAIM$ TO DATE1 )\T VIOL5CE ( ANY SORT1 )\T ANY MURD]1 ROBB]Y OR RAPE1 EV]YONE BE+ LEFT COMPLETELY AT LIB]TY4 ,! SOLE 9T5TION ( ! PEOPLE WAS TO DIS>M ?OSE :O MI<T HAVE BE5 OB/ACLES TO ! CONSOLIDATION ( A SUCCESSFUL REVOLUTION4 ,?US DID ! PEASANTS ( ,CASAS ,VIEJAS BEHAVE4 ,DESPITE !IR LACK ( LE>N+ & ! HUNG] GNAW+ 9 !IR BELLIES444 7,NOT ?AT ?IS WAS TO PREV5T SOME DOLT ( A S5ORITO 9 ,M$9A SOME DAYS LAT] TO SPEAK ( SOME FANTA/IC %>+ \T ( ! WOM5 ?AT ! REVOLUTION>IES APP>5TLY 9T5D$47 .<#a#e#g.>  
  

,$U>DO DE ,GUZMAN'S ACC\NT ( ! SUBSEQU5T COLD-BLOOD$ SLAU<T] ( ! PEASANTS ( ,CASAS ,VIEJAS CAUS$ A S5SATION ?AT CRACK$ ! F\NDATIONS ( ! ,AZANA GOV]NM5T4 ,AT DAWN1 :5 ,SEISD$OS'S %ACK HAD BE5 RAZ$ TO ! GR\ND & ! BODIES ( ! OLD MAN1 HIS SIX *ILDR5 & GR&SON CONSUM$ BY FIRE1 ,REPUBLICAN TROOPS HAD SWEPT ?R\< ! T[N >RE/+ EV]YONE !Y C\LD LAY !IR H&S ON4 ,! PRISON]S W]E !N M>*$ TO ! SMOLD]+ EMB]S :]E ! ,SEISD$OS FAMILY HAD DI$ :]E ! (FIC] 9 *>GE1 ,CAPTA9 ,ROJAS1 ORD]$ !M %OT 9 COLD BLOOD4 ,! F9AL DEA? TOLL WAS #bb PRISON]S DEAD1 ?REE GU>DS KILL$ & P]HAPS F\R W\ND$4 ,PRESID5T ,AZANA1 ! ALLEG$ AU?OR ( ! ORD] ',NO W\ND$1 NO PRISON]S2 %OOT !M 9 ! GUTS'1 DISMISS$ ! ALLEGATIONS ( COLD-BLOOD$ MURD] BY ! ,REPUBLICAN TROOPS AS A 'FAIRY TALE'4 .<#a#e#h.> 

,9 AN >TICLE 9 ,LA ,VOZ ,CONF$]AL1 AN UND]GR\ND ,C,N,T PAP]1 ,DURRUTI GAVE HIS ASSESSM5T ( ! REASONS = ! FAILURE ( ! ,JANU>Y 9SURRECTION3  
  

',C]TA9LY CONDITIONS W]E NOT RIPE4 ,IF !Y HAD BE5 WE W\LD NOT BE 9 PRISON6 ,BUT IT IS EQUALLY C]TA9 ?AT WE >E LIV+ 9 A PRE-REVOLUTION>Y P]IOD & ?AT WE CANNOT P]MIT ! B\RGEOISIE TO DOM9ATE IT BY /R5G!N+ ! P[] ( ! /ATE4 ,9 ! SAME MANN]1 WE MU/ PREV5T ! /ATE FROM /R5G!N+ ITSELF BY TAK+ OV] ! UNIONS1 :I* IS ! POLITICAL AMBITION ( ! SOCIALI/S & ( SOME ( \R =M] COMRADES4 

',IT IS ) ?IS P]SPECTIVE ?AT WE MU/ 9T]PRET ! REVOLUTION>Y ATTEMPT ( #h ,JANU>Y4 ,WE NEV] BELIEV$ ?AT ! REVOLUTION CONSI/$ ( ! SEIZURE ( P[] BY A M9ORITY ?AT W\LD IMPOSE A DICTATOR%IP ON ! PEOPLE4 ,\R REVOLUTION>Y CONSCI5CE IS OPPOS$ TO ?IS TACTIC4 ,WE WANT A REVOLUTION BY & = ! PEOPLE4 ,)\T ?IS IDEA NO REVOLUTION IS POSSIBLE4 ,IT W\LD BE A C\P D'ETAT1 NO?+ MORE4 ,& WE1 FROM ! FACTORIES1 ! M9ES & ! C\NTRYSIDE1 >E SEEK+ TO DEVELOP AN EFFECTIVE SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,!RE IS NO?+ 9 ?IS ( ,BLANQUISM OR ,TROTSKYISM1 BUT ! CLE> & PRECISE IDEA ?AT ! REVOLUTION IS SOME?+ ?AT WE MU/ WORK = EV]Y DAY4 ,) ?IS UNKN[N QUANTITY ONE CAN NEV] BE C]TA9 :5 IT WILL BREAK \T4'.<#a#e#i.>  
  

,FAC$ ) ! ABSOLUTE DISA/]1 ! ,NATIONAL & ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEES ( ! ,C,N,T REFUS$ TO ACCEPT (FICIAL RESPONSIBILITY = ! ILL-FAT$ ,JANU>Y RIS+4 .<#a#f.> ,:ILE COMRADES W]E /ILL FI<T+ 9 ! /REETS & VILLAGES ( ,LEVANTE & ,&ALUCIA ! ,MADRID PAP]1 ,C,N,T WAS BUSY D5Y+ ALL RESPONSIBILITY = ! EV5TS !N TAK+ PLACE4 ,ITS HEADL9E ( #i ,JANU>Y AFFIRM$ ',?IS IS NOT \R REVOLUTION4 ,IS IT A TRAP BE+ PREP>$ = US8' 

,! FOLL[+ DAY ,SOLID>IDAD ,OBR]A /AT$ ITS SOME:AT EQUIVOCAL POSITION3  
  

',WE CANNOT CONDEMN ! MOVEM5T ( ,SUNDAY4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 WE CANNOT ACCEPT IT AS AN ACT ( ! ,CONF$]ACION ,NACIONAL DEL ,TRABAJO1 BECAUSE ! ORGANIZATION WAS NOT AW>E ( EV5TS4'  
  

,9 SPITE ( ! FACT ?AT ! RIS+ HAD BE5 PLANN$ & COORD9AT$ ?R\<\T BY ! ,NATIONAL ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,C,N,T & TRIGG]$ BY ! ,CATALAN ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE1 ) ! ,F,A,I PLAY+ NO ORGANIZATIONAL ROLE :ATSOEV]1 ! ,P59SUL> ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,F,A,I SUDD5LY /EPP$ 9 TO CLAIM FULL RESPONSIBILITY4 ,IT WAS UND\BT$LY A PROPAG&I/ GE/URE AIM$ AT DEFLECT+ ! 9EVITABLE GOV]NM5T REPRESSION FROM ! OP5 UNION ORGANIZATION4 ,IT WAS1 H[EV]1 NO MORE ?AN A GE/URE2 S9CE ! ,F,A,I WAS AN UNREGI/]$1 !RE=E ILLEGAL1 AD HOC ASSOCIATION ) NO HI]>*ICAL *A9 ( COMM& OR RESPONSIBILITY BE=E ! LAW1 !RE WAS LITTLE LIKELIHOOD OR POSSIBILITY EV5 ( ! AU?ORITIES ACT+ ON ?IS /ATEM5T4 

,9 A /ATEM5T ( #aa ,FEBRU>Y #a#i#c#c1 5TITL$ ,LA ,F,A,I AL ,PUEBLO1 ! ,P59SUL> ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,F,A,I DECL>$3  
  

',WE SAY L\D & CLE>1 WE AFFIRM IT ABSOLUTELY1 ?AT WE TAKE FULL RESPONSIBILITY = ALL ?AT OCCURR$ ON ! EI<? & ON ! FOLL[+ AS A VIOL5T PROTE/ AGA9/ >BITR>Y ACTS4 ,WE >E SICK & TIR$ ( SO MU* GOV]NM5TAL CRIME4 ,IT IS NATURAL ?AT WE %\LD APPEAL TO ME?ODS ?AT WILL MAKE US HE>D1 & REASONABLE ?AT WE %\LD NOT CEASE UNTIL ! 9SULTS1 ! S>CASM1 ! JE]S1 & ! VIOL5T ACTS AGA9/ ANGUI%$ & HUNGRY PEOPLE >E 5D$4 

',WE WANT ALL ! RESPONSIBILITY = \RSELVES1 S9CE WE HAVE NOT ASK$ = ! COLLABORATION ( ANYONE OR ! SUPPORT ( ! WORK+ PEOPLE1 OR EV5 ! ,C,N,T2 & WE DID NOT ADVISE \R BE/ FRI5DS ( :AT WE 9T5D$ TO C>RY \T2 & WE WILL CONT9UE ?IS C\RSE 9 ! FUTURE1 9 ORD] TO BE ! ONLY ONES ) ! RESPONSIBILITY ?AT D]IVES FROM AN ATTITUDE ( /RAI<T=W>D REBELLION & PROTE/4 

',WE KN[ ! TACTICS ( ! 5EMY FROM EXP]I5CE1 & = ?AT REASON WE HAVE PREF]R$ NOT TO CALL ON ! ORGANIZ$ WORK]S TO SECOND & MA9TA9 ! PROTE/4 ,WE >E \RSELVES /RONG 5\< TO ACT ON \R [N1 ASSUM+ ALL RESPONSIBILITY4 

',! SOCIAL REVOLUTION WILL TAKE PLACE SOON4 ,WE HAVE ! SYMPA?Y ( ! REVOLUTION>Y PEOPLE & ! 9DE/RUCTIBLE WEAPON ( REASON4 ,LET GOV]NM5T OPPRESSORS & !IR ACCOMPLICES TREMBLE4 ,=W>D COMRADES6 ,EV]YONE AT HIS PO/1 & WAIT = ! MOM5T4 ,ON ! BLACK-&-R$ BANN] WE HAVE WRITT5 ! WORDS ',LOVE & ,JU/ICE'4 ,WE >E 9V9CIBLE4 ,LONG LIVE ! FREE WORK]S ( ! T[N & C\NTRY4 ,LONG LIVE ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM6 ,LONG LIVE ! ,F$]ACION ,AN>QUI/A ,IB]ICA6' .<#a#f#a.>  
  

,JOSE ,PEIRATS'S VIEW ( ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS ( #aicb & #aicc WAS MORE CRITICAL3  
  

',FROM A /RATEGIC PO9T ( VIEW !Y W]E CATA/ROPHIC4 ,!RE WAS NO PLAN1 OR IT WAS DEFICI5T4 ,WE LACK$ ! MEANS = S]I\S FI<T+ & WE LIMIT$ \RSELVES TO ATTACK+ 9 ! POPULAT$ >EAS4 ,:5 WE LO/ !SE !RE W]E NO PLANS = A RURAL GU]RILLA CAMPAIGN4 ,) ! EXCEPTION ( ,&ALUCIA WE LACK$ A TRUE PEASANT ORGANIZATION4 ,WE HAD MADE 5EMIES ( ! PETITE B\RGEOISIE :OM WE HAD T]RIFI$ ) ! LACK ( PSY*OLOGY 9 \R PROPAG&A4 ,FUR!RMORE1 MANY ( ?OSE :O F\<T = ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM DID NOT BELIEVE IT C\LD BE IMPLEM5T$ BY A SIMPLE AUDACI\S C\P 9 COLD BLOOD & AT A GIV5 TIME4 ,MANY ( US TOOK TO ! /REETS \T ( SELF LOVE1 NOT FROM CONVICTION4'.<#a#f#b.>  
  

,AS TO ,F,A,I 9VOLVEM5T 9 ! RIS+S1 ,PEIRATS1 ,SECRET>Y ( ! ,B>CELONA ,LOCAL ,F$]ATION ( ,AN>*I/ ,GR\PS AT ! TIME1 RECALLS ?AT FOLL[+ ! ,JANU>Y #aicc RIS+ HIS ,F$]ATION ASK$ ! ,NOSOTROS GR\P TO ATT5D A CL&E/9E MEET+ ON ,M\NT ,HORTA TO EXPLA9 !IR CONDUCT4 ',G>CIA ,OLIV]1 ,AURELIO ,F]N&EZ & ,I CAN'T REMEMB] :O ELSE ATT5D$ ! MEET+4 ,!Y CLAIM$ ?AT AL?\< !Y DID NOT BELONG TO ! ORGANIZATION !Y HAD DECID$ TO COME ALONG \T ( DEF]5CE1 NO?+ ELSE4' ,HE ADD$3 ',9 MY CAPACITY AS SECRET>Y G5]AL ( ! ,B>CELONA GR\PS UNTIL ! MIDDLE ( #aicd ,I AM 9 A POSITION TO ASSURE Y\ ?AT NEI!R ,DURRUTI NOR ,G>CIA ,OLIV] BELONG$ TO ! SPECIFIC ORGANIZATION4'.<#a#f#c.> 

,! GRATUIT\S VIOL5CE ( ! REPRESSION :I* FOLL[$ ! ,JANU>Y #aicc RIS+ FUEL$ A MASSIVE ANTI-GOV]NM5TAL PROPAG&A CAMPAIGN :I* POLITICIANS ( BO? LEFT & RI<T EXPLOIT$ TO ! FULL4 ,) ! GOV]NM5T =C$ 9TO ASSUM+ 9CREAS+LY DEF5SIVE PO/URES AGA9/ ! COMB9$ PRESSURE ( ! AGR>IAN & 9DU/RIAL P[] ELITES1 ! CR$IBILITY ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY AS A P>TY ( GOV]NM5T & ! P>LIAM5T>Y REPRES5TATIVE ( ! ORGANIZ$ WORK+ CLASS SLIPP$ EV5 FUR!R4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #d1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #af -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #a#f1 #bbb 3 ,*APT] #af -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/