,*APT] #ae 
#a#i#c#b3 ,9SURRECTION -- ,! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,GYMNASIA 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,/U>T ,*RI/IE 

,TEXT 3 

#a#e3 #a#i#c#b3 ,9SURRECTION -- ,! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,GYMNASIA 

  

,= AN>*I/S1 SOCIAL REVOLUTION IS ! ULTIMATE COLLECTIVE 9/RUM5T ( ! OPPRESS$ AGA9/ ! HI]>*ICAL & EXPLOITATIVE SOCIAL & ECONOMICAL /RUCTURE UND] :I* !Y >E =C$ TO LIVE4 ,IT IS ! ONLY MEANS BY :I* ! OLD ORD] CAN BE DISPLAC$4 ,COMPROMISE ) CAPITALISM & COLLABORATION ) ! ,/ATE ?R\< ! P>LIAM5T>Y PROCESS S]VES ONLY TO 9/ITUTIONALIZE MIS]Y1 9JU/ICE & VIOL5CE 9 ITS BROADE/ S5SE4 

,) ! COM+ TO P[] ( ! ,ALCALA ,ZAMORA PRESID5CY 9 ,JANU>Y #a#i#c#b1 WORK+-CLASS DISCONT5T ) ! FRU/RAT$ & IMPOT5T B\RGEOIS ,REPUBLIC BOIL$ OV] 9TO VIOL5T CONFRONTATION4 ,! FIR/ 9CID5TS ( ! ,NEW ,YE> TOOK PLACE 9 ,>N$O1 9 ,LOGRO-O1 ON #e ,JANU>Y1 :5 A NUMB] ( PEOPLE W]E KILL$ 9 CLA%ES BETWE5 ! ,CIVIL ,GU>D & /RIK]S4 ,! WAVE ( REVOLUTION>Y MILITANCY /EADILY GA!R$ MOM5TUM4 ,ON #ah ,JANU>Y ! AN>*I/ M9]S ( ,ALTO ,LLOBREGAT1 NE> ,FIGOLS1 & ,C>DON]1 9 ! NEI<BOR+ VALLEY1 TRIGG]$ :AT !Y HOP$ W\LD BE ! FIR/ HAMM] BL[ ON ! LOCK$ DOORS ( ! FUTURE4 

,IT HAS BE5 WIDELY ASSUM$ ?AT ! CYCLE ( 9SURRECTIONS ?AT BEGAN 9 ,FIGOLS 9 ,JANU>Y #aicb W]E ORGANIZ$ & 9/IGAT$ BY ! ,F,A,I4 ',! FIR/ DAYS ( #a#i#c#b'1 WROTE ,G]ALD ,BR5AN1 'SAW A RIS+ ORGANIZ$ BY ! ,F,A,I 9 ,CATALONIA'4 .<#a#c#h.> ,HU< ,?OMAS ALSO CONFIRMS ?AT !SE W]E '9SPIR$ BY ! ,F,A,I' .<#a#c#i.> AS DO ,BR\E & ,TEMIME .<#a#d.> & A NUMB] ( O!R COMM5TATORS4 .<#a#d#a.> 

,9 FACT ! RIS+ HAD NO?+ :ATSOEV] TO DO ) ! ,F,A,I4 ,IT BEGAN AS AN 5TIRELY SPONTANE\S LOCAL AFFAIR DIRECT$ AGA9/ A LOCAL EMPLOY]1 BUT QUICKLY MU%ROOM$ 9TO A POPUL> MOVEM5T ?AT ?REAT5$ TO 5GULF ! :OLE ( ,CATALONIA & ! RE/ ( ,SPA94 ,9 SPITE ( ! ASSURANCES ( ! FIR/ >TICLE ( ! CON/ITUTION ?AT ,SPA9 WAS N[ A ,WORK]S' ,REPUBLIC1 ! WAGES & WORK+ CONDITIONS ( ! ,CATALAN M9]S & TEXTILE WORK]S HAD *ANG$ LITTLE ) ! ,REPUBLIC4 ,9 ,JANU>Y1 ,JUAN ,SELVAS1 ! DEPUTY = ,MANRESA1 9=M$ ! ,CORTES ?AT ) TWO EXCEPTIONS1 ! WEAV+ & TEXTILE EMPLOY]S ( HIS REGION HAD REFUS$ TO COMPLY ) ! NATIONALLY RECOMM5D$ M9IMUM-WAGE AGREEM5TS & WORK]S 9 HIS CON/ITU5CY CONT9U$ TO BE PAID />VATION WAGES4 

,! [N] ( ! M9ES ( ,ALTO ,LLOBREGAT WAS ! P[]FUL & AUTOCRATIC ,CONDE DE ,OLANO1 A L&LORD :O /EADFA/LY REFUS$ HIS WORK]S ! RI<T TO ORGANIZE PUBLIC MEET+S OR ORGANIZE A UNION4 ,NOT ONLY DID ! C\NT [N ! COAL & POTA% M9ES1 HE RUL$ OV] !M AS A FEUDAL LORD & MA/]4 ,HE SET ! M9IMAL WAGES ! WORK]S RECEIV$ = WORK+ 9 VIRTUALLY 9HUMAN CONDITIONS1 ! PRICES !Y PAID = !IR FOOD 9 ! COMPANY /ORE & ! R5T = ! COMPANY H\SES4 ,HE WIELD$ ALMO/ ABSOLUTE P[] ?R\<\T ! TWO VALLEYS1 9CLUD+ CONTROL ( ! ,CIVIL ,GU>D4 

,T5SION HAD BE5 RIS+ 9 ! VALLEYS = MON?S4 ,IT F9ALLY CAME TO A HEAD 9 ! E>LY H\RS ( #ah ,JANU>Y 9 ! REMOTE M9+ CAMP ( ,SAN ,CORNELIO AT ! HEAD ( ! ,LLOBREGAT VALLEY4 ,?AT SAME MORN+ ! TEXTILE WORK]S 9 NE>BY ,B]GA HAD GONE ON /RIKE OV] ! REFUSAL ( ! EMPLOY]S TO COMPLY ) ! ,REPUBLIC'S LABOR LEGISLATION & ! GOV]NM5T HAD PROV$ ITSELF 9CAPABLE ( 5=C+ ITS [N LAWS4 ,AN>*I/ M9]S1 ACT+ ON BEHALF ( A LOCAL REVOLUTION>Y COMMITTEE1 SPREAD ! NEWS TO ! MORN+ %IFT ?AT ! 9HUMAN CONDITIONS 9 :I* !Y HAD BE5 =C$ TO LIVE & WORK = G5]ATIONS HAD 5D$ & ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM HAD BE5 PROCLAIM$4 ,MONEY1 PROP]TY & ! EXPLOITATION ( MAN BY MAN HAD BE5 ABOLI%$4 ,>M$ WORK]S QUICKLY TOOK OV] ! KEY PO9TS ( ! T[N ( ,FIGOLS & SEIZ$ ! COMPANY /ORE4 ,! ,CIVIL ,GU>D & ! ,SOMAT51 ! >M$ CIVILIAN CORPS1 W]E DIS>M$ )\T BLOOD%$1 & 9=M$ ?AT !Y HAD BE5 RELIEV$ ( RESPONSIBILITY = ORD] 9 ! >EA4 ,! BLACK-&-R$ FLAG ( ! ,C,N,T WAS RUN UP ON ! *UR* /EEPLE & AT ! T[N HALL4 ,NOT A %OT HAD BE5 FIR$ NOR A BL[ EX*ANG$4 ,NEI!R ! B\RGEOISIE NOR !IR AG5TS HAD BE5 /RUNG UP1 NO PRIE/S HAD BE5 HACK$ TO DEA?1 NO NUNS RAP$1 *UR*ES BURN$ OR B>S LOOT$4 

,)9 TWO DAYS ! REVOLT HAD SPREAD D[N ! VALLEY FROM ,FIGOLS TO ! TEXTILE & WEAV+ T[NS ( ,B]GA1 ,BALS>5Y & ,SAL5T 9TO ! NEI<BOR+ ,C>DON] VALLEY TO ,C>DONA1 ,SURIA & ,MANRESA4 ,! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE ( ,FIGOLS1 HAV+ SEIZ$ ! OPPORTUNITY & PROCLAIM$ ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM1 !N TURN$ TO ! ,NATIONAL & ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEES ( ! ,C,N,T TO SUPPORT !IR EXAMPLE4 ,!SE HI<] COMMITTEES ( ! ,C,N,T1 TOTALLY CONF\ND$ BY ! REVOLUTION>Y 9ITIATIVE ( ! ,LLOBREGAT & ,C>DON] WORK]S1 W]E UNC]TA9 H[ TO RESPOND TO :AT ! M9]S HAD DONE4 ,CONF$]AL MILITANTS ,VIC5TE ,P]EZ ,COMB9A1 ,>TURO ,P>]A & ,BU5AV5TURA ,DURRUTI W]E S5T TO ,FIGOLS ON A FACT-F9D+ MISSION & TO SPEAK TO ! WORK]S4 7,>TURO ,P>]A LAT] CONFIRM$ ?AT ! ,F,A,I HAD NOT P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! REVOLT 'AS AN ORGANIZATION'4 .<#a#d#b.>7 ,9 SPITE ( !IR REPORT & PRESSURE FROM ! LOCAL & DI/RICT ,F$]ATIONS IT TOOK ! ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE SIX DAYS BE=E !Y F9ALLY DECID$ TO CALL A G5]AL SOLID>ITY /RIKE1 BUT BY ?AT TIME IT WAS TOO LATE -- ! RIS+ HAD BE5 SAVAGELY CRU%$4 .<#a#d#c.> 

,!SE M9]S ( ,LLOBREGAT & ,C>DON] W]E NOT MILL5>IANS1 MADM5 OR DREAM]S :O HAD HE>D 'VOICES 9 ! AIR' OR HAD BE5 'DI/ILL+ !IR FR5ZY FROM SOME ACADEMIC SCRIBBL]'4 .<#a#d#d.> ,!Y W]E PRACTICAL1 H>D-WORK+ M51 :O HAD COME TO REALIZE ?AT IF ANY QUALITATIVE *ANGE WAS TO COME AB\T 9 !IR LIVES1 IT W\LD ONLY COME AB\T ?R\< A COMPLETE BREAK ) ! PA/4 ,TO 9/9CTIVE & NATURAL REVOLUTION>IES SU* AS !SE1 IDEAS W]E IRRELEVANT UNLESS TRANS=M$ 9TO ACTION4 ,! AB/RACT1 !ORETICAL1 & FANCIFUL AN>*ISM ( PEOPLE SU* AS ,PE/ANA & ,PEIRO WAS ( NO CONSEQU5CE :5 !IR DIFFID5CE P]PETUAT$ ! TYRANNY & VIOL5CE ( !IR MIS]ABLE EV]YDAY LIVES UND] ! 9TRANSIG5T ,CONDE DE ,OLANO & HIS FELL[ M9E-[N]S & 9DU/RIALI/S4 ,!Y W]E FULLY AW>E ?AT ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM WAS NOT SOME?+ ?AT C\LD BE A*IEV$ OV]NI<T1 OR EV5 PLANN$4 ,IT WAS AN ASPIRATION1 AN IDEAL :I* W\LD REQUIRE TREM5D\S ONGO+ COMMITM5T1 BUT !Y KNEW ?AT IF !Y MANAG$ TO ?R[ (F ! %ACKLES ( CAPITALISM & ! ,/ATE N[1 PROGRESS T[>DS ?AT IDEAL C\LD AT LEA/ BEG9 ) SOME DEGREE ( ASSURANCE ?AT ! MA9 OB/ACLES TO ! FREE SOCIETY -- EXPLOITATION & CO]CIVE AU?ORITY -- W\LD NOT H9D] ?AT PROGRESS4 ,BY !IR EXAMPLE !Y HOP$ TO PROVIDE ! SP>K REQUIR$ TO IGNITE SIMIL> HOPES & ASPIRATIONS AMONG ! RE/ ( ! ,SPANI% WORK+ CLASS4 

,WORK]S ELSE:]E 9 ,SPA9 DID NOT %>E ! MOOD ( ! ,LLOBREGAT & ,C>DON] M9]S1 H[EV]4 ,! MOM5T ( REVOLUTION HAD NOT YET COME & ! M9]S' UNSUPPORT$ *ALL5GE TO ! B\RGEOIS & OLIG>*IC ORD] WAS BRUTALLY CRU%$ AFT] FIVE DAYS BY TROOPS S5T FROM ,Z>AGOZA1 ,L]IDA1 ,G]ONA & ,B>BA/RO4 ,C,N,T MEMB]S W]E D5\NC$ BY ,CATALAN & ,MADRID POLITICIANS & J\RNALI/S AS 'C>D-C>RY+ B&ITS'4 ,! HY/]IA PROVOK$ BY ! B\RGEOIS PRESS DID1 H[EV]1 PROVIDE ! EXTREMI/S ( ! C5T]1 ! REPUBLICAN & SOCIALI/ P>TIES1 ) AN OPPORTUNITY TO PROMOTE ! RE=MI/S AT ! EXP5SE ( ! SO-CALL$ 'UNCONTROLLABLES' )9 ! ,CONF$]ATION4 ,!RE W]E NO TRIALS = ! >RE/$ MILITANTS1 ALL SO-CALL$ FAI/AS 7NO TRE9TI/AS HAD BE5 >RE/$74 ,! ,WORK]S' ,REPUBLIC S\<T TO AVOID EMB>RASS+ PUBLIC SCRUT9Y ( ! 9TOL]ABLE CONDITIONS :I* HAD PROVOK$ ! RIS+ 9 ! FIR/ PLACE & ! EXCESSIVE & SELECTIVE REPRESSION ) :I* IT HAD BE5 PUT D[N & ! ,C,N,T ACTIVI/S CRIM9ALIZ$4 ,! AU?ORITIES HAD US$ ! OPPORTUNITY TO ISOLATE ! 'CONSCI\S M9ORITY' FROM ! MASS ( :AT !Y TOOK TO BE ! NEUTRAL1 A-POLITICAL1 MASS ( ! ,C,N,T4 ,AP>T FROM ! HUNDR$S ?R[N 9TO ! PRISONS ( ,MANRESA & ,B>CELONA1 #aa CONF$]AL MILITANTS FROM ,CATALONIA1 ,LEVANTE & ,&ALUCIA1 MO/ ( :OM HAD NOT P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! RIS+1 W]E DEPORT$ TO ! ,SPANI% ,WE/ ,AFRICAN COLONIES4 ,AMONG ! DEPORT$ W]E RANK-&-FILE 'UNCONTROLLABLES' 79CONTROLADOS7 SU* AS ,DURRUTI1 ,FRANCISCO ,ASCASO & HIS ELD] BRO!R ,DOM+O1 ,GREGORIO ,JOV] ( ! ,LOS ,SOLID>IOS_/,NOSOTROS GR\P1 & ,RAMON ,VILA ,CAPDEVILA1 :O WAS TO BECOME 9 #aifc ! LA/ ( ! RURAL GU]RILLAS TO BE AMBU%$ & KILL$ 9 ! ,PYR5EES4 

,AL?\< ! REVOLT FAIL$ TO TRIGG] A NATIONWIDE 9SURRECTION1 ! SPONTANE\S ACTION ( ! WORK]S ( ,LLOBREGAT & ,C>DON] PROV$ A HE>T5+ 9SPIRATION TO MANY ACTIVI/S )9 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,IT HAD PROV$1 !Y FELT1 MORE EFFECTIVE1 9 9SPIRATIONAL & PRACTICAL T]MS1 ?AN ALL ! WRITT5 PROPAG&A & REVOLUTION>Y RHETORIC ( ! PREVI\S #f YE>S4 ,ALTO ,LLOBREGAT APPE>S TO HAVE BE5 READ BY ! DEF5SE COMMITTEES & ACTIVI/ CORE ( ! ,C,N,T AS !IR CUE FROM ! WORK]S ?AT REVOLUTION WAS N[ A FEASIBLE OPTION4 

,9 ! HEADY ATMOSPH]E ?AT FOLL[$ ! ,JANU>Y #aicb RIS+1 ! BELIEF ?AT REVOLUTION WAS N[ F9ALLY 'ON ! AG5DA' PROVOK$ R5EW$ 9T]E/ 9 IDEAS AS TO H[ ! FREE SOCIETY MI<T BE ORGANIZ$4 ,!RE WAS A SPATE ( >TICLES & PAMPHLETS EXPLOR+ ! !ORY & =MULAT+ A PROGRAM ( ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM4 ,ONE ( ! MO/ 9FLU5TIAL ( !SE /UDIES TO APPE> ?AT YE>1 P]HAPS BECAUSE IT AVOID$ DETAIL$ !ORIZ+ ON ECONOMIC & SOCIAL PLANN+1 WAS ! >TICLE ',APUNTES SOBRE EL COMUNISMO LIB]T>IO' BY ! ,BASQUE DOCTOR & WRIT] ON PREV5TIVE HEAL? C>E1 NATURALI/IC M$IC9E & SEX $UCATION1 ,ISAAC ,PU5TE ,AME/OY4 ,! ,F,A,I ,P59SUL> ,COMMITTEE W]E SO IMPRESS$ ) IT ?AT !Y COMMISSION$ ,PU5TE TO DRAFT A MORE DETAIL$ EXPOSITION ( ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM1 TO BE APPE> AS A PAMPHLET4 ,?IS WORK1 ! 9FLU5TIAL ,EL ,COMUNISMO ,LIB]T>IO1 WAS PUBLI%$ 9 ,VAL5CIA 9 #aicc & REPUBLI%$ 9 ,B>CELONA 9 #aice UND] ! TITLE ,F9ALIDAD DE LA ,C,N,T3 EL COMUNISMO LIB]T>IO4 ,IT WAS TO BE ,PU5TE'S IDEAS RA!R ?AN ! MORE ECONOMIC IDEAS ( ,DIEGO ,ABAD DE ,SANTILLAN ?AT PROVID$ ! BASIS = ! RESOLUTION ON ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM ADOPT$ BY ! ,C,N,T AT ! ,Z>AGOZA ,CONGRESS 9 ,MAY #a#i#c#f4 

,! TRE9TI/AS1 L$ BY ,PE/ANA1 R\NDLY CONDEMN$ ! ,LLOBREGAT & ,C>DON] UPRIS+S4 ,?IS WAS READ AS AN ATTEMPT TO MAKE POLITICAL CAPITAL FROM ! DISA/] AT ! EXP5SE ( ?OSE :O HAD DI$1 BE5 IMPRISON$1 TORTUR$ & S5T 9TO EXILE4 ,A SPLIT WAS N[ 9EVITABLE4 ,9 H] FAM\S >TICLE1 '6,YO ,ACUSO6' ,F$]ICA ,MONTS5Y PUBLICLY ACCUS$ ,EMILIO ,MIRA1 ! ,CATALAN ,REGIONAL ,SECRET>Y1 ( PREV5T+ ! SPREAD ( A SOLID>ITY /RIKE 9 SUPPORT ( ! ,LLOBREGAT WORK]S 9 ,B>CELONA TO ! RE/ ( ,CATALONIA4 ,G>CIA ,OLIV] ACCUS$ ,PE/ANA ( CIRCULAT+ A LETT] TO ! REGIONS 9=M+ EA* ( !M ?AT ! O!RS SUPPORT$ A PROPAG&A CAMPAIGN AGA9/ ! DEPORTATIONS & NOT A G5]AL /RIKE 9 SUPPORT ( ! RIS+S AS HAD BE5 AGRE$ BY ! ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE4 

,PE/ANA REPLI$ ?AT ! /RIKE OPTION WAS ONLY TO BE US$ TO FOIL AN ATTEMPT TO IMPOSE A DICTATOR%IP4 ,! NATIONAL SECRET>Y'S FAILURE TO 5DORSE A SOLID>ITY /RIKE 9 SUPPORT ( ! IMPRISON$ & DEPORT$ COMRADES F9ALLY OP5$ ! FLOODGATES ?AT W]E TO SWEEP HIM AWAY4 ,DEM&S = HIS RESIGNATION P\R$ 9 FROM ! RANK & FILE L$ BY ! #b ,C,N,T PRISON]S 9 ,B>CELONA'S ,MODELO ,PRISON :OSE SOLID>ITY & TRU/1 ! CORN]/ONES ( ! ,CONF$]ATION1 HE HAD BETRAY$4 

,PE/ANA1 HIS CR$IBILITY & P[] BASE GONE1 WAS OBLIG$ TO RESIGN AS NATIONAL SECRET>Y 9 ,M>* #a#i#c#b4 ,MANUEL ,RIVAS1 A REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/ & A MEMB] ( ! ,F,A,I1 TOOK HIS PLACE4 

,! ,FEBRU>Y DEPORTATIONS HAD EXAC]BAT$ AN ATMOSPH]E ALREADY /RET*$ TO BREAK+ PO9T BY VICI\S REPRESSION4 ,PIO ,B>OJA1 ONE ( ! BE/-KN[N NOVELI/S ( ! ,G5]ACION DEL '#i#h GR\P ( WRIT]S & PHILOSOPH]S1 SAID ON #e ,FEBRU>Y 9 ,VILL5A3  
  

',AS F> AS REPRESSION & VIOL5CE GO1 ! MON?S WE HAVE HAD ( ! ,REPUBLIC HAVE PRODUC$ MORE DEAD ON ! /REETS ( \R CITIES ?AN #d YE>S ( ! MON>*Y4'.<#a#d#e.>  
  

,! WAVE ( REVOLUTION>Y FEV] CONT9U$ TO GA!R MOM5TUM2 G5]AL SOLID>ITY /RIKES W]E DECL>$ SUPPORT+ ! UPRIS+ 9 ,GR5ADA & ,VAL5CIA :ILE P>TIAL /OPPAGES W]E ORGANIZ$ 9 MANY O!R T[NS4 ,VIOL5T CONFRONTATIONS1 9CLUD+ PRISON DEMON/RATIONS1 ]UPT$ ALL OV] ! C\NTRY4 ,ON #ad ,FEBRU>Y ! AN>*I/ GR\PS ( ,T>RASA1 AN 9DU/RIAL T[N NE> ,B>CELONA1 FOLL[$ ! EXAMPLE ( ,ALTO ,LLOBREGAT & DECL>$ ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM1 OCCUPY+ ! T[N HALL & LAY+ SIEGE TO ! POLICE /ATION & ,CIVIL ,GU>D B>RACKS4 ,SIMIL> ACTIONS TOOK PLACE 9 ,&ALUCIA1 ,Z>AGOZA & ! ,LEVANTE4 ,9 MID-,M>* PEASANTS 9 ,Z>AGOZA1 ,PU5TE ,G5IL & ,CIUDAD ,REAL BEGAN TO SEIZE ! E/ATES ( ! L>GE L&[N]S4 ,! ,REPUBLIC HAD LO/ ITS LEGITIMACY & WAS BECOM+ UNGOV]NABLE4 

,AT ! 5D ( ,APRIL1 9 ! MID/ ( A MASSIVE WAVE ( /RIKES1 9SPIR$ MO/LY BY ,C,N,T UNIONS1 AN IMPORTANT ,REGIONAL ,CONF$]AL ,PL5UM WAS HELD 9 ,SABADELL1 A SMALL 9DU/RIAL T[N NE> ,B>CELONA4 ,PRES5T W]E MORE ?AN #c DELEGATES REPRES5T+ #b#e1 WORK]S4 ,! TIDE ( RANK & FILE OP9ION WAS BY N[ OBVI\SLY RUNN+ AGA9/ ! TRE9TI/AS ) !IR COMMITM5T TO A TOTALLY DISCR$IT$ ,REPUBLIC4 ,! ?R[+ \T ( ,PE/ANA & ,>91 BO? SIGNATORIES ( ! MANIFE/O1 FROM ! ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE ! PREVI\S MON? HAD SIGNAL$ ! BEG9N+ ( ! 5D = ! RE=MI/S )9 ! ,C,N,T4 ,) ! ELECTION ( ,ALEJ&RO ,GILAB]T1 A MEMB] ( ! ,F,A,I1 AS REGIONAL SECRET>Y ( ! ,C,N,T 9 PLACE ( ! TRE9TI/A ,MIRA BY ! ,APRIL ,PL5UM1 ! LA/ RE=MI/ /RON<OLD 9 ,CATALONIA COLLAPS$4 

,9 ,SABADELL ITSELF1 ! MEMB]S ( ! PE/ANI/A FACTION HEAVILY 9FLU5C$ ! LOCAL ,C,N,T F$]ATION4 ,!Y HAD US$ IT = SOME TIME 9 !IR POLITICAL MANEUV]S TO NEUTRALIZE ! AN>*I/S )9 ! UNIONS4 ,9 A CONFID5TIAL REPORT ON ! 9T]NAL PROBLEMS ( ! ,SPANI% LIB]T>IAN MOVEM5T AT ?IS TIME1 ,ALEX&] ,S*APIRO1 A MEMB] ( ! ,A,I,T ,SECRET>IAT1 NOT$3  
  

',!Y WI% TO USE ! ,SABADELL ,LOCAL ,F$]ATION AS A LEV] ) :I* SOME DAY TO TOPPLE ! REGIONAL COMMITTEE -- &1 IF AT ALL POSSIBLE1 ! NATIONAL COMMITTEE TOO1 & TO RECAPTURE ! LEAD]%IP ( ! ,C,N,T4 ,MAYBE ! ,SABADELL COMRADES W]E UNCONSCI\S ( ?IS PLOY1 BUT 9 EFFECT1 !Y BECAME1 ALBEIT UNWILL+LY1 ! 9/RUM5TS ( REV5GE 9 ! H&S ( ! TRE9TA MOVEM5T4'.<#a#d#f.>  
  

,MATT]S F9ALLY CAME TO A HEAD 9 ,SEPTEMB] :5 ! ,SABADELL ,LOCAL ,F$]ATION1 9 A GAMBIT AIM$ AT PRESSUR+ ! ,CATALAN ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEE TO SUMMON A NATIONAL CONF]5CE TO CONDEMN ! REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/ 9FLU5CE ( ! FAI/AS1 )HELD PAYM5T ( CONF$]AL SUBSCRIPTIONS4 ,! ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEE RESPOND$ BY DECL>+ ?AT BY REFUS+ TO PAY !IR UNION DUES !Y W]E PLAC+ !MSELVES \TSIDE ! ,C,N,T4 ,! 5TIRE ,SABADELL ,LOCAL ,F$]ATION WAS EXPELL$ ON #bd ,SEPTEMB] #aicb = DEFAULT+ ON ITS BASIC OBLIGATION4 ,A SIMIL> SPLIT OCCURR$ 9 ,VAL5CIA :]E ! LOCAL UNIONS W]E OPPOS$ TO JO9T ,C,N,T-,F,A,I 9VOLVEM5T 9 ! ,PRISON]S' ,AID ,COMMITTEE4 ,!Y TOO )HELD ! CONF$]AL DUES & W]E EXPELL$ BY ! ,LEVANTE ,REGIONAL ,F$]ATION4 

,! BREAKAWAY UNIONS1 ! S9DICATOS DE OPOSICION1 REPRES5T+ >\ND #f1 WORK]S1 HAD !IR [N ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEE BUT !Y DID HOPE & PLAN = EV5TUAL RECONCILIATION ) ! ,CONF$]ATION4 ,!Y 9ITIALLY 5JOY$ SOME /R5G? 9 ,CATALONIA1 ,LEVANTE & ,HUELVA BUT ?IS POSITION WEAK5$ CONSID]ABLY :5 ,PE/ANA LEFT TO =M HIS ,SYNDICALI/ ,P>TY AT ! 5D ( #a#i#c#c4 

,ANO!R IMPORTANT DEVELOPM5T 9 MID #aicb HAD BE5 ! F\ND+ CONGRESS 9 ,MADRID ( ! ,F$]ACION ,IB]ICA DE ,JUV5TUDES ,LIB]T>IAS 7,F,I,J,L74 ,! ,F,I,J,L HAD BE5 SET UP ) ! SPECIFIC 9T5TION ( C\NT]+ ! 9FLU5CE ( ! ,P,S,O,E'S Y\? GR\P ! ,JUV5TUDES ,SOCIALI/AS ,UNIFICADAS 7,J,S,U74 ,AL?\< MANY ( ITS MEMB]S BELONG$ TO ! ,C,N,T & ! ,F,A,I1 IT WAS AN 9DEP5D5T Y\? ORGANIZATION4 ,IT SOON CAME TO BE REG>D$ AS ! ?IRD =CE ( ! LIB]T>IAN MOVEM5T4 ,9 ,CATALONIA1 A TRADITIONALLY 9DEP5D5T >EA1 !RE WAS OPPOSITION TO ! MOTION ( A NATIONAL Y\? GR\P4 ,!Y PREF]R$ 9/EAD TO =M AN 9DEP5D5T ORGANIZATION ( 9DIVIDUAL GR\PS & LOCAL F$]ATIONS1 COLLECTIVELY KN[N AS ! ,JUV5TUDES ,LIB]T>IAS 7,J,J4,L,L474 

,! POSITION ( ! ,F,I,J,L ) REG>D TO ! TRE9TI/AS WAS \TL9$ 9 A /ATEM5T PUBLI%$ 9 ! NATIONAL ,C,N,T DAILY3  
  

',IT IS NO LONG] A QUE/ION ( T5D5CIES -- RE=MI/ OR EXTREMI/ -- :I* SEP>ATES US4 ,NEI!R IS IT A =M ( PROC$URE ?AT V>IES )9 ! CONF$]AL NORMS4 ,:AT SEP>ATES US IRRECONCILABLY IS1 MORE ?AN \R AN>*I/ VIEW ( ! UNION MOVEM5T1 A QUE/ION ( DIGNITY & REVOLUTION>Y S5TIM5T4 ,!SE EX-COMRADES HAVE 9ITIAT$ A SCISSIONI/ MOVEM5T )9 ! ,C,N,T ) ! OBJECTIVE ( CREAT+ A UNION MOVEM5T = ! SUPPORT ( ! ,ESQU]RA DE ,CATALUNYA & ITS C\NT]P>TS 9 O!R REGIONS4'.<#a#d#g.>  
  

,! F9AL IGNOM9Y = ,PE/ANA CAME ) HIS EXPULSION FROM HIS [N UNION1 ! METALWORK]S SYNDICATE1 BY A MAJORITY ( TWELVE BRAN*ES TO ONE AGA9/4 ,EV5 HIS [N SECTION1 ! MA*9I/S1 VOT$ AGA9/ HIM4 ,9 LITTLE MORE ?AN A YE> ! WIT*-HUNT UNLEA%$ BY ! TRE9TI/AS 9 ,AUGU/ #aica HAD 5D$ BY CONSUM+ ITS PR9CIPAL AU?ORS4 .<#a#d#h.> 

,PE/ANA /ILL REFUS$ TO ACKN[L$GE ! FAILURE ( ! GRADUALI/ POSITION )9 ! ,C,N,T4 ,9 ,JANU>Y #aicc HE & HIS FRI5DS SET UP AN ORGANIZATION 9SIDE ! ,C,N,T CALL$ ! ,F$]ACION ,S9DICALI/A ,LIB]T>IA 7,F,S,L71 RECRUIT$ FROM AMONG ! ,C,N,T UNION MEMB]S HO/ILE TO ! REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/ L9E REPRES5T$ BY ! ,F,A,I4 ,IT WAS IMM$IATELY TI$ 9 ) ! OPPOSITION UNIONS AMONG :OM1 = A %ORT TIME1 IT PLAY$ ! SAME ROLE AS !Y ALLEG$ ! ,F,A,I DID )9 ! ,C,N,T4 ,! FIR/ SECRET>Y ( ! ,F,S,L WAS ,ANGEL ,PE/ANA4 ,?IS WAS TO BE HIS LA/ POSITION )9 ! LIB]T>IAN MOVEM5T 7UNTIL %ORTLY BE=E HIS DEA? :5 HE REJO9$ ! ,C,N,T74 ,JUAN ,LOPEZ 7:O1 TOGE!R ) ,JOAN ,PEIRO1 BECAME ! MA9 !ORETICIANS ( ! RE=MI/ BODY :OSE PR9CIPAL OBJECTIVE1 FOLL[+ ,PE/ANA'S EXIT TO =M ! ,SYNDICALI/ ,P>TY1 BECAME REUNIFICATION ) ! ,C,N,T7 TOOK ,PE/ANA'S PLACE4 

,! COLLAPSE ( ! RE=MI/ (F5SIVE )9 ! ,C,N,T BY LATE #aicb SIGNAL$ ?AT ! ,F,A,I HAD S]V$ ! MA9 PURPOSE ?AT HAD BR\<T IT TO PROM95CE4 ,! ,C,N,T MILITANTS :O HAD SPOK5 9 ITS NAME & ADOPT$ ITS SLOGANS QUICKLY M]G$ BACK 9TO ! CONF$]AL DEF5SE COMMITTEES & EV]YDAY UNION ACTIVITY4 ,! ACTIVE PHASE ( ! ,F,A,I AS ! DEF5SIVE 9/RUM5T ( ! ,C,N,T RANK & FILE HAD COME TO AN 5D4 ,9/EAD ( IT DISB&+1 H[EV]1 OR REV]T+ TO :AT IT HAD BE5 DUR+ ! DICTATOR%IP - A LOOSE-KNIT CORRESPOND+ SOCIETY ( LOCAL AN>*I/ GR\PS - NEW PEOPLE BEGAN TO EM]GE :O SAW 9 ! ,F,A,I A USEFUL VEHICLE = ADDRESS+ & 9FLU5C+ ! MASS AUDI5CE PROVID$ BY ! ,C,N,T4 ,! VACUUM LEFT BY ! AN>*I/ RANK & FILE BEGAN TO BE FILL$ BY MAV]ICK !ORETICIANS & PLANN]S :O BELIEV$ 9ORD9ATELY 9 !IR [N ME*ANICAL & AB/RACT VIEW ( SOCIAL PROCESSES4 ,BY E>LY #aicc !SE PEOPLE HAD BEGUN TO TRANS=M :AT HAD BE5 A WORK+-CLASS 9/RUM5T CONC]N$ ) PRACTICAL CONSID]ATIONS 9TO AN ORGANIC 5TITY1 ) A LIFE & WILL ( ITS [N1 :I* 9DULG$ 9 AB/RACT PROBLEMS ( A DOCTR9AL OR ADM9I/RATIVE NATURE4 ',!RE BEGAN TO EM]GE'1 RECALL$ ,PROGRESO ,F]N&EZ1 'A =M ?AT FAIL$ TO CONV9CE MANY ( US AN>*I/S3 A ,P59SUL> ,COMMITTEE WAS SET UP :I*1 CONTR>Y TO \R IDEAS1 >ROGAT$ C]TA9 P[]S TO ITSELF'4 .<#a#d#i.> 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #d1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #ae -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #a#f1 #bbb 3 ,*APT] #ae -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/