,*APT] #aa ,! ,B\RGEOIS ,REPUBLIC ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,/U>T ,*RI/IE ,TEXT 3 #a#a3 ,! ,B\RGEOIS ,REPUBLIC ,! ,SECOND ,SPANI% ,REPUBLIC WAS DECL>$ ON #ad ,APRIL #a#i#c#a4 ,! PEOPLE ( ,SPA9 :O SAW 9 IT ! 5G9E ( *ANGE & ! PROMISE ( NEW BEG9N+S WELCOM$ IT ) 5ORM\S POPUL> 5?USIASM4 ,>TICLE ,NO4 #a ( ! NEW ,CON/ITUTION READ3 ',SPA9 IS A DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC ( WORK]S ( EV]Y CLASS1 ORGANIZ$ 9 A REGIME ( LIB]TY & JU/ICE4 ,! P[]S ( ALL ITS ORGANS EMANATE FROM ! PEOPLE4 ,! ,REPUBLIC REPRES5TS AN 9TEGRAL ,/ATE1 COMPATIBLE ) ! AUTONOMY ( ! MUNICIPALITIES & REGIONS4' ,! ,C,N,T LEAD]%IP HAD CONTRIBUT$ MU* TO ! NEW ,REPUBLIC4 ,9 A TRULY ,PILATESQUE SPEE* ,JOAN ,PEIRO CONFIRM$1 ) OBVI\S SATISFACTION1 ?AT ! ,C,N,T HAD ACT$ AS MIDWIFE TO ! ,REPUBLIC3 ',\R SUBV]SIVE LABOR FROM ,SOLID>IDAD ,OBR]A & FROM ! TRIBUNES1 CONTRIBUT$ DIRECTLY TO ! ELECTORAL TRIUMPH ( #ab ,APRIL #a#i#c#a444 ,WE NEV] SAID TO ! WORK]S ?AT !Y %\LD GO TO ! POLLS2 BUT NEI!R DID WE SAY KEEP AWAY4'.<#h#i.> ,!IR 5?USIASM = ! ,REPUBLIC1 H[EV]1 QUICKLY TRANSC5D$ ! B\ND>IES ( !IR FUNCTIONS AS M]E SPOKESM5 = ! AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ UNION4 ,HAV+ BE5 SO CLOSELY 9VOLV$ ) O!R POLITICAL P>TIES 9 ANTI-DICTATOR%IP & REPUBLICAN PLOTS OV] ! YE>S MANY ( ! ,C,N,T LEAD]S HAD COME TO BELIEVE 9 ! ,REPUBLIC AS AN AB/RACT IMP]SONAL MA*9E1 NOT SOME?+ ( HUMAN ORIG9 S]V+ SPECIFIC RUL+ CLASS 9T]E/S4 ,CONC]N$ N[ ) ! SUCCESS ( ! ,REPUBLIC = :I* !Y HAD SACRIFIC$ SO MU* & ON :I* SO MANY HOPES W]E P9N$1 MANY ( ! ,C,N,T LEAD]S BECAME ABSORB$ & SIDETRACK$ BY ! DESIRE TO BE 'PRACTICAL'4 ,! ,REPUBLIC1 !Y HOP$1 W\LD PROVIDE A FRAMEWORK ( /ABILITY 9 :I* ! ,CONF$]ATION C\LD ?RIVE 9 AN ATMOSPH]E ( CLASS H>MONY4 ,:AT !Y OV]LOOK$ WAS ?AT ! 'SUCCESS' ( ! ,REPUBLIC1 I4E4 ! PIECEMEAL RESOLUTION ( ! PROBLEMS ( CAPITALISM & >BITR>Y AU?ORITY BY COMPROMISE1 *ICAN]Y1 DISSIMULATION & SELF-DECEPTION1 WAS ! CONC]N ( REPUBLICANS1 AU?ORIT>IAN SOCIALI/S & 5LI*I/S6 ,! TASK ( AN>*I/S WAS TO CON/ANTLY *ALL5GE1 TO A GREAT] OR LESS] DEGREE ACCORD+ TO ! NATURE ( ! GOV]NM5T 9 P[]1 E/ABLI%$ AU?ORITY4 ,AN>*I/S MOV$ AS FREE & 9DEP5D5T AG5TS1 \TSIDE ! AU?ORITY SY/EM1 %>+ ! SACRIFICES & REVOLTS ( ! PEOPLE1 NOT !IR WEAKNESSES1 COMPROMISES & SURR5D]S4 ,= SOME TIME B\RGEOIS POLITICIANS1 P>TICUL>LY 9 ,CATALONIA1 HAD BE5 CULTIVAT+ UNION LEAD]S SU* AS ,PE/ANA4 ,!IR OBJECTIVE WAS TO 5SURE A HEAL?Y & /ABLE 9VE/M5T CLIMATE BY W9N+ ! PASSIVE OR ACTIVE COLLABORATION ( A ,C,N,T :I* HAD BE5 NEUT]$ & TRANSPLANT$ FROM ITS HI/ORIC ROOTS & :I* !Y HOP$ TO TIE 9TO ! APP>ATUS ( P[]4 ,AS E>LY AS #ac ,APRIL ,PE/ANA HAD BE5 (F]$ A CAB9ET PO/ 9 ! NEW ,CATALAN GOV]NM5T BY ,MACIA1 LEAD] ( ! ,ESQU]RA1 A ,CATALAN PETTY B\RGEOIS NATIONALI/ P>TY DISGUIS$ AS SOCIALI/S4 ,! RE=MI/S GREW MORE ASS]TIVE BY ! DAY4 ,ON #ad ,MAY ,SOLID>IDAD ,OBR]A1 UND] ,JOAN ,PEIRO'S $ITOR%IP1 ANN\NC$3 ',WE HAVE /AT$ ?AT ! ,C,N,T IS NOT AGA9/ ! ,REPUBLIC4 ,FUR!RMORE1 CONSCI\S ( ?AT :I* IT REPRES5TS 9 ! S\L ( ! MASSES1 ! ,C,N,T HAS AGRE$ TO OPPOSE1 BY ALL MEANS AVAILABLE TO IT1 ANY RIS+ :I* ! REACTION MI ,APRIL #aica CON/ITUT$ A POLITICAL REVOLUTION = :I* ! OLD ORD] HAD BE5 TOTALLY UNPREP>$4 ,IT HAD BE5 ANES!TIZ$ & DISORI5T$ BY ! RAPIDITY ) :I* EV5TS HAD DEVELOP$1 BUT ITS ECONOMIC & SOCIAL P[] BASES REMA9$ UN*ALL5G$4 ,= ! ,REPUBLICANS & AU?ORIT>IAN SOCIALI/S !IR ULTIMATE GOAL ( A LIB]AL DEMOCRATIC ,REPUBLIC HAD BE5 A*IEV$1 !Y HAD REA*$ ! 5D ( ! L9E2 !IR REVOLUTION WAS OV]4 ,= ! AN>*I/S1 :OSE GOAL WAS A CLASSLESS SOCIETY 9 :I* ! EXPLOITATION & OPPRESSION ( MAN BY MAN HAD BE5 ELIM9AT$1 IT WAS ONLY ! FIR/ WAY /ATION ON ! ROAD TO ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM4 ,SO F> AS !Y W]E CONC]N$ ! ONLY ?+ ! ,C,N,T %\LD DEF5D WAS ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,IF ?IS MEANT SUPPORT+ ! ,REPUBLIC SO BE IT4 ,ONE ( ! *>GES LEVEL$ AGA9/ ! AN>*I/S BY LIB]AL & ,M>XI/ HI/ORIANS IS ?AT AN>*I/ 9TRANSIG5CE WAS ONE ( ! CONTRIBUTORY FACTORS :I* UND]M9$ ! ,REPUBLIC & L$ TO ECONOMIC1 SOCIAL & POLITICAL OV]LOAD ON ! SY/EM1 ?AT ! PEOPLE W]E MAK+ DEM&S :I* NEI!R ! NEWBORN /ATE NOR CAPITALISM C\LD HOPE TO MEET1 & H5CE ! CR$IBILITY & FUTURE PROSPECTS = ! /ABILITY ( LIB]AL DEMOCRACY 9 ,SPA9 W]E /EADILY ]OD$ TO ! PO9T ( COMPLETE COLLAPSE4 ,H[ WELL DOES ?IS *>GE /& UP TO ANALYSIS8 ,! WIDESPREAD DISCONT5T ) ! POLICIES ( ! ,SECOND ,REPUBLIC WAS NOT A PROBLEM UNIQUE TO ,SPA9 9 ! #a#i#cS1 NOR WAS IT ATTRIBUTABLE TO AN>*I/ 9TRANSIG5CE4 ,! PROBLEMS ( ! ,SPANI% ,REPUBLIC W]E ONES ( POLITICAL ALI5ATION :I* >OSE 7& HAVE SUBSEQU5TLY GR[N 9CREAS+LY ACUTE 9 ! ,WE/]N DEMOCRACIES7 FROM ! CONTRADICTIONS & T5SIONS 9H]5T 9 ! UNHOLY ALLIANCE BETWE5 ! B\RGEOIS LIB]AL CONCEPT ( ! ,/ATE1 AS A ME*ANISM = FACILITAT+ CONTROL OV] ! SY/EM 9 ! 9T]E/S ( ! CAPITALI/ CLASS1 & ! WORK+-CLASS IDEAL ( DEMOCRACY AS ESS5TIALLY EGALIT>IAN & P>TICIPATORY4 ,POPUL> DIS5*ANTM5T & FRU/RATION ) ! POLITICAL PROCESS WAS 9EVITABLE & HAD NO?+ TO DO ) AN>*I/ 9TRANSIG5CE4 ,! AN>*I/S W]E SIMPLY ! ONLY ONES WILL+ TO PUBLICIZE !SE CONTRADICTIONS4 ,!Y W]E NOT PREP>$ TO P&] TO ! ILLUSION ?AT DEMOCRACY & CAPITALISM W]E COMPATIBLE4 ,) ! DEMOCRATIC SURGE ( ,APRIL #aica ! PEOPLE'S LONG-/&+ EXPECTATIONS ( SOCIAL *ANGE BECAME A DIRECT *ALL5GE TO ! COMPLEX P[] /RUCTURE4 ,AGR>IAN RE=M & ! BREAKUP ( ! L>GE E/ATES1 ! FUNDAM5TAL PROBLEM ( ! ,REPUBLIC1 :I* CRI$ \T = A SOLUTION1 WAS ONE ?AT C\LD NEV] BE TACKL$ )9 ! FRAMEWORK ( ! P>LIAM5T>Y SY/EM4 ,NEI!R DID ! POLITICAL P>TIES ( ! ,REPUBLIC HAVE ! CAPACITY OR WILL EV5 TO ATTEMPT TO RESOLVE IT4 ,! WEAK & VACILLAT+ B\RGEOIS POLITICIANS UND]/OOD ONLY TOO WELL ?AT TO DO SO W\LD BE+ !M 9TO DIRECT CONFLICT ) ! 5ORM\SLY P[]FUL L&$ 9T]E/ ?AT HAD ! IDEOLOGICAL SUPPORT ( ! *UR* & ! MILIT>Y SUPPORT ( ! >MY4 ,! :OLE CLASS-CONFLICT$1 DISCORDANT /RUCTURE W\LD COLLAPSE4 ,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,JANU>Y #d1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #aa -- ,ADD$4 ,JANU>Y #a#f1 #bbb 3 ,*APT] #aa -- ,UPDAT$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/