,*APT] #a 
#aic - ,A ,REVOLUTION>Y ,9/RUM5T 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,/U>T ,*RI/IE 

,TEXT 3 

#a3 #aic - ,A ,REVOLUTION>Y ,9/RUM5T 

  

,BY ! BEG9N+ ( #aic ! UNIONI/ FACTION HELD ! UPP] H&2 !Y HAD !IR [N PAP]1 ,ACCION1 & W]E 9 FULL CONTROL ( ! ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE4 ,PE/ANA'S MEET+ ) ,G5]AL ,MOLA HAD SECUR$ LEGAL RECOGNITION = ! UNION1 :I* WAS N[ BEG9N+ TO REORGANIZE NATIONALLY4 ,MORE & MORE ( ! LEAD+ C5ETI/AS OP5LY BEGAN TO PRESS = CLOS] CONTACTS ) REPUBLICAN POLITICIANS1 NOT JU/ 9 A TACTICAL ALLIANCE BUT ALSO AS A /RATEGY TO 5SURE ! FUTURE GR[? ( ! UNION4 

,! DEGREE TO :I* TACTICAL COLLABORATION L$ TO RE=MISM & TI$ 9 ! LEAD]%IP ( ! AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ UNION ) ! B\RGEOIS REPUBLICAN POLITICIANS BECAME CLE> ) ! PUBLICATION ( ,9TELIG5CIA ,REPUBLICANA 9 ,M>* #a#i#c4 

,?IS POLITICAL & /ATI/ DOCUM5T HAD BE5 SIGN$ BY ,JOAN ,PEIRO & O!R WELL-KN[N CONF$]AL LEAD]S SU* AS ,M>TI ,B>R]A1 ,P]E ,FOIX1 ,JOSE ,VIADIU1 & O!RS4 ,IT GAVE ! SEAL ( APPROVAL TO ! SOCIAL-DEMOCRAT !SIS ?AT P>LIAM5T>Y DEMOCRACY P]MITT$ ! LABOR MOVEM5T TO A*IEVE WOR?:ILE SOCIAL & POLITICAL B5EFITS )9 CAPITALISM4 .<#g#i.> 

,AS ,JOSE ,PEIRATS NOT$1 DRYLY3  
  

',SOME C5ETI/AS W]E RETIC5T 9 BREAK+ RELATIONS & P]SI/$ 9 AN AMBIGU\S POSITION4 ,?IS GAVE RISE TO SUSPICIONS4 ,!IR >GUM5T WAS ONE ( EXP$I5CY4 ,GIV5 ! CURR5T /ATE ( MORAL DISORD] & ECONOMIC DIS>RAY CAUS$ BY ! DIS9TEGRATION ( ! OLD REGIME !Y CLAIM$ IT WAS ! DUTY ( ALL M5 ( GOODWILL TO JO9 TOGE!R TO HELP RE/ORE NORMALITY & REE/ABLI% LEGAL ORD] UND] POPUL> SOV]EIGNTY3 

',WE /ATE ?AT WE /& READY TO PUT 9 ! SPADEWORK 9 ORD] TO 5SURE A NEW POLITICAL ORD] :I*1 ROOT$ 9 ! SUPREME CONDITION ( JU/ICE1 MAY ?W>T SUBV]SION ( AU?ORITY ONCE & = ALL & LEAD ! C\NTRY ALONG ! JURIDICAL BYWAYS 9DISP5SABLE TO ! PROGRESS ( NATIONS4 

',?IS NEW POLITICAL ORD]1 ! ,F$]AL ,REPUBLIC1 MAY BE BROK5 D[N R\<LY 9TO ! FOLL[+ BASIC PO9TS3 

0,I-- ,SEP>ATION ( P[]S4 

0,I,I-- ,RECOGNITION ( EQUAL 9DIVIDUAL & SOCIAL RI<TS = ALL CITIZ5S4 

0,I,I,I-- ,RECOGNITION ( ! FULL 5TITLEM5T ( GR\PS F$]AT$ ?R\< !IR EXPRESS COLLECTIVE WILL TO USE !IR [N LANGUAGE & DEVELOP !IR [N CULTURE4 

0,I,V-- ,FRE$OM ( ?\<T & CONSCI5CE4 ,! SEP>ATION ( ,*UR* & ,/ATE4 

0,V-- ,AGR>IAN RE=M & ! BREAKUP ( ! BIG LATIFUNDI/ E/ATES4 

0,V,I-- ,SOCIAL RE=MS ON A P> ) ! MO/ ADVANC$ CAPITALI/ /ATES40' .<#h.>  
  

,AS ! SW+ T[>D CLASS COLLABORATION GA!R$ MOM5TUM1 ! ,P59SUL> ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,F,A,I W>N$ AGA9/ ! 'PR(\NDLY RE=MI/ DEVIATIONISM ( ?OSE MILITANTS :O1 DUR+ ! DICTATOR%IP1 HAD L9K$ !MSELVES1 9T5TIONALLY & PREM$ITAT$LY1 TO 'POLITICAL PR9CIPLES'4 ,! ,COMMITTEE SUGGE/$ ?AT ON RETURN TO FULL NORMALITY ! UNION CADRES %\LD TRANS=M !MSELVES 9TO MILITANT NUCLEI TO PREV5T ! P]MEATION ( ! ,C,N,T BY POLITICAL & AU?ORIT>IAN T5D5CIES4 .<#h#a.> ,! 'PURE'1 NON-AN>*I/ UNIONI/S SEIZ$ UPON ?IS /ATEM5T AS A DECL>ATION ( 9T5T ON ! P>T ( ! ,F,A,I TO TRANS=M ! EXI/+ UNION CADRES 9TO ,F,A,I GR\PS4 

,PEIRO'S ALLIANCE ) REPUBLICAN & SEP>ATI/ POLITICIANS WAS NOT SURPRIS+4 ,! CLOSE FRI5D%IPS =G$ BETWE5 LIB]T>IANS1 POLITICIANS & DISAFFECT$ MILIT>Y ELEM5TS 9 ! JO9T /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! DICTATOR%IP HAD SUCK$ !M1 9EXORABLY1 9TO ! DUBI\S POLITICAL MANEUV]S & SECRET LOBBY+ :I* L$ UP TO ! PROCLAMATION ( ! ,SECOND ,REPUBLIC4 

,AS ,JOSE ,PEIRATS PO9TS \T3  
  

',CONF$]ATION MEMB]S & POLITICAL LEFTI/S HAD L9K$ >MS 9 ! COMMON ASPIRATION ( BR++ D[N ! DICTATORS2 NO MATT] ?AT ! ASPIRATIONS ( ! =M] ) REG>D TO REVOLUTION>Y AIMS MAY HAVE BE5 MORE AMBITI\S4 ,JO9TLY !Y P>TICIPAT$ 9 CONSPIRACY & JO9TLY !Y SUFF]$ ! PUNI%M5T ( EXILE4 ,& ?IS CIRCUM/ANTIAL CAM>AD]IE ( >MS1 :I*1 9 /RICT DOCTR9AL T]MS1 %\LD NOT HAVE 9DUC$ C]TA9 ,C,N,T MEMB]S TO COMMIT !MSELVES1 OV]MU*1 FLATT]$ ! AGE-OLD POLITICIANS' ILLUSIONS AB\T BRIDL+ ! ,C,N,T1 OR AT LEA/ SEE+ IT BECOME JU/ ANO!R FACTION EMBROIL$ 9 ! CONC]NS ( P>LIAM5T>ISM4 ,&1 9 SO F> AS ! ,C,N,T HAD ! CAPACITY TO REVEAL ITS TRUE /R5G?1 ! DEPUTIES & M9I/]S ( ! FUTURE %[]$ !IR IMPORTUN+ & FLATT]Y UPON ! VISIBLE HEADS ( ! CONF$]AL ORGANIZATION4'.<#h#b.>  
  

,SU* PUBLIC SUPPORT FROM ! CONF$]AL LEAD]%IP = POLITICAL COLLABORATION ) B\RGEOIS POLITICIANS ?REAT5$ TO PROVOKE AN OP5 SPLIT 9 ! UNION4 ,9 ! FACE ( MASSIVE PRESSURE FROM UNION MEMB]S1 ,VIADIU & ,P]E ,FOIX RECANT$ & )DREW !IR SIGNATURES BUT ,PEIRO 9SI/$ ON /&+ BY HIS SUPPORT = ! REPUBLICAN DOCUM5T4 ,HE HAD BECOME 5ME%$ 9 ! ALL-TOO-HUMAN PR$ICAM5T HE HAD CREAT$ = HIMSELF BY SEP>AT+ HIS PR9CIPLES & PRACTICE4 ,HE N[ F\ND HIMSELF OBLIG$ TO ACT AGA9/ ! DICTATES ( HIS CONSCI5CE3 AS AN AN>*I/1 9 !ORY AT LEA/1 HE WAS COMPELL$ TO BELIEVE 9 C]TA9 PR9CIPLES1 AS A UNION LEAD] HE WAS OBLIG$ TO ACT AS ?\< HE DID NOT4 

,UNWILL+ TO WEAK5 OR COMPROMISE ! ,C,N,T 9 ANY WAY1 ,PEIRO ANN\NC$ HIS RESIGNATION FROM ALL POSITIONS ( RESPONSIBILITY )9 ! ORGANIZATION3  
  

',IT IS EVID5T ?AT1 9 SIGN+ ! MANIFE/O AT ODDS ) MY BELIEFS1 ,I ACCEPT ?AT MY ACTION1 MI/AK5 OR NOT1 WAS P]PETRAT$ 9 FULL AW>5ESS ( ! FACT ?AT ,I WAS /RIK+ A CONTRADICTORY /ANCE4 ,LET ME /ATE =MALLY ?AT IT WAS !N & IS N[ A PURELY P]SONAL ACT ( MY [N4 ,NO ONE CAN CLAIM ?AT ,I HAVE TRI$ TO 9FLU5CE ANYONE 9TO FOLL[+ MY EXAMPLE444 

',GIV5 ! REASONS :I* PROMPT$ ME TO 5DORSE IT1 ,I F9D NO REASON TO )DRAW MY SIGNATURE2 ASIDE FROM :I*1 ! ACT ( CANCEL+ MY SIGNATURE W\LD NOT -- IF !RE WAS ANY OBSC5ITY 9 :AT ,I DID -- ABSOLVE ME ( MY ]ROR4 ,! ONLY C\RSE LEFT OP5 TO ME IS TO PAY ! PRICE ( MY ]ROR1 IF ]ROR IT BE1 BY PRO/RAT+ MYSELF4 

',?IS BE+ SO1 ,I H]EBY DECL>E ?AT1 9 ORD] TO AV]T ANY SORT ( ?REAT TO ?+S :I*1 = ME1 MU/ REMA9 SACR$1 ,I H5CE=? /& D[N FROM :ATEV] ACTIVITIES ,I HAVE BE5 5GAG$ 9 ) ! ORGANIZATION1 9 ! REALM ( IDEAS & 9 ! PRESS & ?US COME TO BE ONLY ONE AMONG ! MANY :O FOLL[ 9 SIL5CE ! VANGU>DS :I* GUIDE \R RANKS4'.<#h#c.>  
  

,PEIRO'S ISOLATION WAS APP>5T RA!R ?AN REAL4 ,AL?\< FEW W\LD HAVE ADMITT$ IT PUBLICLY1 HIS VIEWS W]E %>$ BY A SUB/ANTIAL NUMB]1 IF NOT ALL1 ( ! MEMB]S ( ! ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,C,N,T4 ,S9CE ! ADV5T ( ! ,B]5GU] REGIME1 ?IS BODY HAD ADOPT$ AN OP5LY RE=MI/ & COLLABORATIONI/ POSITION ?AT WAS VIRTUALLY 9DI/+UI%ABLE FROM ,9TELIG5CIA ,REPUBLICANA4 ,! MON? AFT] ! REPUBLICAN DOCUM5T HAD APPE>$1 ! ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE1 FOLL[+ ! ,PL5UM ( ,REGIONALS HELD ON #af & #ag ,FEBRU>Y #a#i#c1 ISSU$ A MANIFE/O1 APPROV$ BY A NUMB] ( 9DIVIDUAL REGIONAL COMMITTEES1 :I* RECOGNIZ$ ! NE$ TO CONV5E A ,CORTES 7P>LIAM5T7 TO REVISE ! ,CON/ITUTION & 9TRODUCE A NEW LEGAL & POLITICAL /RUCTURE = ! C\NTRY '9 :I* WE HAVE TO LIVE'4 ,IT ALSO DEM&$ ! REE/ABLI%+ ( CON/ITUTIONAL GU>ANTEES1 FRE$OM ( UNION ORGANIZATION1 AN EI<T-H\R DAY & AN AMNE/Y = ALL POLITICAL PRISON]S4 ,IGNOR+ ! RHETORIC1 IT WAS A DECL>ATION ( 9T5T TO COLLABORATE ) ! POLITICAL P>TIES 9 ! RECON/RUCTION ( ! ,/ATE4 ,! ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE1 CONSCI\S ( ! CONTROV]SIAL REP]CUSSIONS ?IS W\LD CAUSE )9 ! MOVEM5T1 TRI$ TO COV] !MSELVES BY ADD+1 ALMO/ AS AN AFT]?\<T1 ?AT ! MANIFE/O DID NOT REPRES5T ! (FICIAL POSITION ( ! ,C,N,T1 SIMPLY ?AT ( SOME ,REGIONALS1 & ?AT ',ONE %\LD NOT READ 9TO ?IS MANIFE/O SUPPORT = POLITICAL C&IDATES NOR1 EV5 LESS1 SUGGE/IONS ?AT ONE %\LD VOTE 9 ! ELECTIONS4' .<#h#d.> 

,H[ RE=MI/S & 'GRADUALI/S' MANAG$ TO E/ABLI% !MSELVES 9 POSITIONS ( PROM95CE )9 AN AV[$LY REVOLUTION>Y BODY SU* AS ! ,C,N,T IS ONE ( ! C5TRAL QUE/IONS ) REG>D TO ! ,C,N,T1 9DE$ 9 ANY CONSID]ATION ( ANY MASS REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T4 ,ONE REASON IS ?AT ! LEAD]%IP ( ! ,C,N,T WAS NEV] RECRUIT$ FROM AMONG AN>*I/ MILITANTS1 :O %UNN$ ALL P]MAN5T POSITIONS ( RESPONSIBILITY )9 ! UNION4 ,!Y PREF]R$1 9/EAD1 TO RETA9 !IR 9DEP5D5CE AS RANK-&-FILE ACTIVI/S4 ,?IS MEANT ! HI<] COMMITTEES W]E 9EVITABLY DRAWN FROM AMONG ?OSE :O SAW ! ,C,N,T FIR/ & =EMO/ AS A POLITICALLY NEUTRAL UNION1 NOT AS ! 9/RUM5T = OV]TURN+ AN UNJU/ SOCIETY & BUILD+ A NEW ONE 9 ITS PLACE4 ,JOAN ,DOM5E*1 SECRET>Y ( ! ,CATALAN GLASSWORK]S UNION EXPLA9$3  
  

',:5 Y\ JO9$ ! ,C,N,T AS A WORK]1 NO ONE ASK$ :AT Y\ BELIEV$ OR ?\<T4 ,A C>P5T] JO9$ ! WOODWORK]S' UNION1 A B>B] ! B>B]S' UNION1 & ?AT WAS ALL !RE WAS TO IT4'.<#h#e.>  
  

,IT W\LD BE PRESUMPTU\S TO ASSUME ,C,N,T MEMB]S ( ! P]IOD W]E SOMEH[ MORE REVOLUTION>Y ?AN WORK]S 9 O!R UNIONS2 IT W\LD BE EQUALLY PRESUMPTU\S TO ASSUME ?AT AN>*O-SYNDICALISM1 I4E4 DEMOCRATIC REVOLUTION>Y UNIONISM1 DID NOT SATISFY ! WORK]S' NE$S AT ! TIME & REFLECT !IR AW>5ESS ?AT !Y W]E 9VOLV$ 9 A BITT] CLASS /RUGGLE ) A RU?LESS RUL+ CLASS4 ,UND\BT$LY1 ! MAJORITY ( WORK]S W]E ATTRACT$ TO ! ,C,N,T NOT JU/ BECAUSE ( ITS DEMOCRATIC & REVOLUTION>Y CONT5T BUT ALSO BECAUSE IT WAS ! ONLY UNION WILL+ TO *ALL5GE BO? ! ,/ATE & EMPLOY]S4 ,IT WAS ALSO A LEAD]%IP ?AT1 BECAUSE ( ITS ANTI-POLITICAL CON/ITUTION1 WAS LESS LIKELY TO SELL !M D[N ! RIV] 9 NEGOTIATIONS ) EMPLOY]S & DEALS ) POLITICAL P>TIES MANEUV]+ = P[]4 ,9 SPITE ( ITS RE=MI/ DYNAMIC ! ,C,N,T LEAD]%IP WAS1 !Y UND\BT$LY FELT1 SUFFICI5TLY CONTROLL$ BY AN AGGRESSIVE & NON-DEF]5TIAL 'CONSCI\S M9ORITY'1 ?R\< A DIRECTLY DEMOCRATIC /RUCTURE1 TO 5SURE !IR 9T]E/S AS WORK]S 79 ! SEMI-FEUDAL & E>LY CAPITALI/ SOCIETY ?AT WAS ,SPA9 9 ! #a#i#bS & #a#i#cS7 W\LD BE SAFEGU>D$ & ADVANC$4 

,= ! LEAD]%IP1 ! REVOLUTION>Y RHETORIC1 OBJECTIVES & ZEAL ( ! 'CONSCI\S MILITANTS' W]E P[]FUL B>GA9+ WEAPONS 9 NEGOTIATIONS ) A VIOL5T1 REACTION>Y & TOTALLY UNB5D+ RUL+ CLASS4 ,BUT AT ! 5D ( ! DAY ! LEAD]%IP ( ! ,C,N,T SAW !IR SOLE FUNCTION AS SECUR+ IMM$IATE ECONOMIC GA9S4 ,?IS WAS RE=MI/ NOT REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVITY4 ,SO F> AS ! MASS ( ! MEMB]S W]E CONC]N$1 AS LONG AS NO PROBLEMS OCCURR$ & ! '9FLU5TIAL MILITANTS' CONT9U$ TO FULFILL !IR LEAD]%IP ROLE ) RELATIVE EFFECTIV5ESS !Y W]E HAPPY TO DEF] TO !M4 ,UN=TUNATELY !Y DID SO ) A TRU/+ PRIDE1 :I* :OLLY UND]M9$ TRADITIONAL AN>*I/ OPPOSITION TO ! LEAD]%IP PR9CIPLE4 

,! 'CONSCI\S M9ORITY' ( AN>*I/ WORK]S W]E AW>E ( ! ANTI-DEMOCRATIC & ANTI-REVOLUTION>Y DEG5]ATION 9H]5T 9 UNIONISM1 BUT !Y APPE> TO HAVE BELIEV$ IT WAS A PROCESS ?AT C\LD BE CONTROLL$ 7OR AT LEA/ KEPT 9 *ECK7 ?R\< ! DEMOCRATIC APP>ATUS ( ! UNION & !IR REVOLUTION>Y EXAMPLE AT RANK-&-FILE LEVEL4 ,!Y S]I\SLY UND]E/IMAT$ ! T5D5CY ( P[]1 EV5 9 AV[$LY ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN & DEMOCRATIC ORGANIZATIONS1 TO BECOME CONC5TRAT$ 9 ! HI<] COMMITTEES1 A T5D5CY :I* WAS ACCEL]AT$ BY ! LONG P]IODS ( 5=C$ CL&E/9ITY 9 :I* ! BASE ( ! ,C,N,T HAD LITTLE CONTACT ) OR CONTROL OV] ! LEAD]%IP4 

,IT %\LD ALSO BE PO9T$ \T ?AT 9 SPITE ( ITS REVOLUTION>Y OBJECTIVES1 ! PRACTICE ( ! ,C,N,T PROV$ NOT TO BE DIRECTLY DEMOCRATIC4 ,SURPRIS+LY1 ,C,N,T DELEGATES W]E NON-REVOCABLE4 ,IF A DELEGATE FAIL$ TO ACT ON ! 9/RUCTIONS ( HIS OR H] BRAN* !RE WAS NO PROC$URE = RECALL+ !M4 ,A FUR!R FLAW WAS ?AT ! LOCUS ( DECISION-MAK+ HAD GRADUALLY %IFT$ FROM ! G5]AL ASSEMBLIES AT WORKPLACE & LOCAL F$]ATION LEVEL TO ! FIVE-YE>LY NATIONAL CONGRESSES4 

,EFFECTIVELY1 !RE WAS NO PROVISION = AN 9DEP5D5TLY APPO9T$ BODY ?AT C\LD MONITOR & REASSESS ,C,N,T POLICIES REGUL>LY & FREQU5TLY1 & PROVIDE AN 9DEP5D5T SY/EM ( *ECKS & BALANCES BY :I* ! NATIONAL & REGIONAL COMMITTEES C\LD BE CONTROLL$4 

,) ITS /ATUTES APPROV$ BY ! CIVIL GOV]NOR ( ,B>CELONA ON #c ,APRIL #a#i#c1 ! ,C,N,T F9ALLY EM]G$ FROM CL&E/9ITY4 ,?IS HAD BE5 ! RESULT ( MU* BACK/AGE NEGOTIATION ) ! AU?ORITIES1 9CLUD+ A MEET+ ON #d ,APRIL BETWE5 ! DIRECTOR G5]AL ( SECURITY1 ,G5]AL ,MOLA1 & ,ANGEL ,PE/ANA4 ,! UNION LEAD] /RESS$ TO ,MOLA ?AT ! ,C,N,T DID NOT CON/ITUTE A REVOLUTION>Y ?REAT &1 AL?\< UNABLE TO CO-OP]ATE OV]TLY ) ! /ATE1 IT W\LD MA9TA9 AN ATTITUDE ( B5EVOL5T NEUTRALITY4 

,! LEGALLY CON/ITUT$ ,CONF$]ATION RETURN$ TO C5T] /AGE AS ! PR$OM9ANT UNION ORGANIZATION 9 ,SPA94 ,9 ! E>LY MON?S ( ! ,REPUBLIC ITS GR[? WAS SPECTACUL>1 QUICKLY REA*+ A MEMB]%IP ( #e14 ,IT RETA9$ ITS TRADITIONAL ASC5DANCY 9 ,CATALONIA1 ! ,LEVANTE1 ,EA/]N ,&ALUCIA & ,>AGON4 ,9 ,SEVILLE1 H[EV]1 AN E>LI] ,C,N,T /RON<OLD1 ! COMMUNI/S HAD MANAG$ TO SEIZE CONTROL ( MO/ ( ! UNIONS4 

,JOAN ,PEIRO HAD BE5 PUBLICLY REHABILITAT$ 9 ! SPR+ ( #aic BY ! ,C,N,T LEAD]%IP AT A PUBLIC MEET+ CALL$ TO EXPLA9 ! ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE'S ATTITUDE TO ! ,B]5GU] GOV]NM5T1 :I* HAD TAK5 (FICE ON ! DEP>TURE ( ,PRIMO DE ,RIV]A4 ,SPEAK+ ON ! SAME PLAT=M AS ,PE/ANA1 ,PEIRO RECEIV$ AN 5?USIA/IC WELCOME FROM A MASS AUDI5CE ?AT SPILL$ \T FROM ! ,TEATRO ,NUEVO 9TO ! ADJAC5T ,P>QUELO4 ,GIV5 UP = DEAD BY REACTION>IES SU* AS ,M>T9EZ ,ANIDO & EV51 AS WE HAVE SE51 SOME ( ! UNION'S [N LEAD]S1 ! ,C,N,T HAD SPRUNG FULLY >M$ UPON AN UNSUSPECT+ B\RGEOIS SOCIETY4 ,AS IF TO UND]L9E HIS RE/ORATION TO GRACE -- IF HE HAD EV] FALL5 9 ! FIR/ PLACE -- ,JOAN ,PEIRO WAS APPO9T$ ! FIR/ $ITOR ( ! NEWLY REVIV$ ,SOLID>IDAD ,OBR]A4 

,9 ,AUGU/ #aic REPRES5TATIVES ( ! SOCIALI/1 NATIONALI/ & REPUBLICAN P>TIES1 ! P>TIES ( ! CAPITALI/ & PR(ESSIONAL CLASSES1 MET 9 SECRET 9 ,SAN ,SEBA/IAN TO =M A ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE & PLAN ! /RATEGY = TOPPL+ ! OLD REGIME & SEIZ+ POLITICAL P[] = !MSELVES4 ,! ,C,N,T1 AS A REVOLUTION>Y WORK+-CLASS BODY1 WAS NOT (FICIALLY 9VIT$ TO !SE MEET+S1 BUT 'UN(FICIAL' REPRES5TATIVES W]E REQUE/$ TO ATT5D AS '9=MAL OBS]V]S'4 ,! REPRES5TATIVES :O ATT5D$ W]E ,PROGRESO ,ALF>A*E1 A MEMB] ( ! ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,C,N,T & A MEMB] ( ! ,P59SUL> ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,F,A,I1 & ,RAFAEL ,VIDIELLA4 .<#h#f.> ,AS ,JOSE ,PEIRATS PO9TS \T1 ',IT WAS AN 9TRIGUE BY :I* ! POLITICIANS W]E TRY+ TO EMBROIL ! ,CONF$]ATION 9 A REVOLUTION>Y REVOLT )\T 5T]+ 9TO ANY =MAL AGREEM5T ) IT4' .<#h#g.> 

,AS ! WORLD SLUMP HIT ,SPA9 & POLITICAL DISCONT5T BEGAN TO BITE DEEP1 ! W9T] ( #a#i#c-#c#a SAW A MASSIVE WAVE ( /RIKES SWEEP ! C\NTRY4 ,= F\R DAYS1 FROM #ae TO #ai ,NOVEMB]1 ,B>CELONA WAS P>ALYZ$ BY 9DU/RIAL ACTION4 ,! ,C,N,T ?REW ITS FULL WEI<T BEH9D ! ,REPUBLICAN1 SOCIALI/ & Y\NG (FIC]S' CONSPIRACIES AIM$ AT TOPPL+ ! ,B]5GU] REGIME4 

,! YE> 5D$ ) UNSUCCESSFUL REPUBLICAN UPRIS+S 9 ! ,JACA & ,CUATRO ,VI5TOS G>RISONS4 ,! REFUSAL ( ! K+ TO P>DON TWO Y\NG (FIC]S 9VOLV$ 9 ! RIS+S & !IR SUBSEQU5T EXECUTION EXAC]BAT$ HO/ILITY T[>DS ! MON>*Y4 ,BY ,FEBRU>Y #aica ,B]5GU] HAD NO OPTION BUT TO RESIGN4 ,A C>ETAK] GOV]NM5T UND] ,ADMIRAL ,JUAN ,BATI/A ,AZN> WAS =M$ & MUNICIPAL ELECTIONS W]E ANN\NC$ = #ab ,APRIL4 

,ON #ai ,M>*1 DUR+ ! RUN-UP TO ! ,APRIL ELECTIONS1 A ,NATIONAL ,PL5UM ( ! ,C,N,T WAS HELD 9 ,VAL5CIA4 ,! ,PL5UM AGRE$ TO ADVISE MEMB]S1 ')\T POLITICAL COMPROMISE'1 TO VOTE1 TACTICALLY1 = ! LEFTI/ C&IDATES4 ,! OV]:ELM+ ,REPUBLICAN-SOCIALI/ VICTORY 9 ! ELECTIONS1 ASSI/$ BY A 'MASSIVE TURN\T ( CONF$]AL VOT]S AT ! POLLS'.<#h#h.>1 PROVOK$ ! F9AL COLLAPSE ( ! MON>*Y4 

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,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #d1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #a -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #a#f1 #bbb 3 ,*APT] #a -- ,UPDAT$4 

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