,VIEWS @& ,COMM5TS #c 

#aieh 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,LIB]T>IAN ,LEAGUE 

,TEXT 3 

,A MON?LY PUBLICATION ( ,! ,L,I,B,],T,>,I,A,N ,L,E,A,G,U,E 

,ADDRESS ALL CORRESPOND5CE TO3 ,V,I,E,W,S & ,C,O,M,M,5,T,S1 ,P,O ,BOX #b#f#a1 ,COOP] ,/ATION1 ,NEW ,YORK #c1 ,N4,Y4 

,SUBSCRIPTIONS3 #ab ISSUES = @s#a--S+LE COPIES3 #a C5TS 

,V,I,E,W,S ,& ,C,O,M,M,5,T,S IS PR9T$ & PUBLI%$ 5TIRELY BY VOLUNT>Y LABOR4 

,C,O,N,T,5,T,S 

,S,I,D,E,L,I,<,T,S ,O,N ,! ,F,A,L,L ,( ,A ,T,Y,R,A,N,T #b 

,P,R,O,/,I,T,U,T,I,O,N ,9 ,P,O,R,T,L,& BY ,REUEL ,S4 ,AMDUR #c 

,N,A,T,I,O,N,A,L ,9,D,E,P,5,D,5,C,E ,I,S ,N,O,T ,5,\,< #g 

,A,N,S,W,],+ ,S,O,M,E ,Q,U,E,/,I,O,N,S #h 

,P,R,A,C,T,I,C,A,L ,E,X,P,],I,M,5,T,S ,( ,\,R ,T,I,M,E--,T,W,O ,C,O,L,L,E,C,T,I,V,E,S ,9 ,R,E,V,O,L,U,T,I,O,N,>,Y ,S,P,A,9 7?IRD ( A S]IES ON ,! ,S,P,A,N,I,% ,C,O,L,L,E,C,T,I,V,E,S7 

,A,L,C,O,Y444#a 

,E,L,D,A444#a#b 

,! ,/,U,D,5,T ,9 ,! ,U,N,I,T,$ ,/,A,T,E,S ,T,O,D,A,Y #ac 

,T,R,5,D,S ,9 ,L,A,B,O,R #af 

,FROM ! ,$ITORS 

,WE HAVE F9ALLY RECOV]$ FROM ! CONFUSION ( MOV+ ! ,N4,Y4 ,C5T] & Y\'LL NOTE ?AT WE'RE BACK ON A MORE REGUL> PUBLI%+ S*$ULE4 ,BUT AN 9CREAS$ S*$ULE & ! 9CREASE 9 PO/AL RATES HAVE HIT US PRETTY H>D 9 ! MONEY DEP>TM5T4 ,TO MA9TA9 FREQU5CY ( PUBLICATION WE NE$ MONEY--BADLY4 ,IF Y\ CAN HELP1 PLEASE DO4 ,5\< SAID4 

,SIDELI<TS ON ! ,FALL ( A ,TYRANT 

,A FEW MON?S AGO1 ONE ( ! BLOODIE/ MILIT>Y DICTATOR%IPS 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA WAS OV]?R[N BY A MASS UPRIS+ ( ! ,V5EZUELAN PEOPLE1 :O W]E JO9$ F9ALLY BY DECISIVE SECTIONS ( ! >M$ =CES !MSELVES4 ,! ,P]EZ ,JIM5EZ REGIME1 HAD1 LIKE O!R REACTION>Y DICTATOR%IPS1 5JOY$ ! FAVOR ( ,MESSRS4 ,DULLES1 ,NIXON1 ETC4 ,LIKE ?AT ( ,BATI/A 9 ,CUBA IT HAD BE5 P>TICUL>LY VIOL5T AGA9/ ! ,COLLEGE & ,HI< ,S*OOL /UD5TS1 MANY ( :OM HAD BE5 WANTONLY MASSACR$4 ,AS 9 ,HUNG>Y1 ,POL&1 ,CUBA & ELSE:]E1 SO ALSO 9 ,V5EZUELA1 ! Y\? W]E P>TICUL>LY ACTIVE 9 ! FI<T = FRE$OM4 ,WE REPR9T BEL[ ?REE LITTLE VIGNETTES ( ?AT MOVEM5T1 AS REPORT$ BY ,JOSE ,M4 ,F]REIRO 9 ,LA ,PROTE/A ( ,BU5OS ,AIRES4 

,! ,T,Y,R,A,N,T',S ,E,L,E,G,A,N,T ,S,W,I,M,M,+ ,P,O,O,L 

,A HE>T-W>M+ SPECTACLE WAS WITNESS$ ! DAY ! RESID5CE ( DICTATOR ,P]EZ ,JIM5EZ 9 ,EL ,P>AISO WAS SACK$4 ,:ILE ! PEOPLE1 WOM5 & M51 W]E DI/RIBUT+ ! FALL5 TYRANT'S W>DROBE1 FURNITURE & FOOD HO>DS1 A GR\P ( LITTLE ,NEGROES--SU* AS REGUL>LY BA! 9 ! TURBUL5T ,GUAIRE ,CREEK OR 9 ! DRA9AGE DIT*ES ( !IR SLUM NEI<BORHOODS--TOOK ADVANTAGE ( ! OPPORTUNITY TO FROLIC 9 ! RAW 9 ! P]FUM$ WAT]S ( ! LUXURI\S BLUE-TIL$ POOL ?AT ! TYRANT HAD BUILT = ! EXCLUSIVE USE ( HIS F\R D>L+ DAU<T]S4 

,HAPPY & SMIL+1 SLIM1 /ATUESQUE LITTLE ,NEGROES LEAP$ FROM ! BO>DS LIKE AQUATIC BIRDS1 :ILE O!RS M]RILY UR9AT$ FROM ON HI<1 ADD+ ORNAM5TAL CURVES TO ! ELEGANT L9ES & PURE WAT]S ( ! >TI/IC1 BLUE-TIL$ POOL4444 

,P,O,L,I,C,E ,C,A,N ,B,E ,D,O,N,E ,),\,T 

,= ?REE MON?S1 ,C>ACAS1 ) ITS #a1#e1 9HABITANTS LIV$ )\T A POLICE =CE4 ,! ,V5EZUELAN CAPITAL IS A HAPPY1 NOISY1 EFF]VESC5T CITY4 ,! ,POLICE ,=CE1 ID5TIFI$ ) ! BRUTALITIES ( ! DICTATOR%IP1 HAD BE5 DISSOLV$ 9 ! FIR/ WEEKS ( ! ,PEOPLE'S ,REBELLION1 & ! ,UNIV]SITY /UD5TS & ,BOY ,SC\TS N[ DIRECT$ TRAFFIC & KEPT ORD] 9 ! /REETS4 

,ONE Y\NG ,SC\T1 EQUIPP$ ) UNI=M & :I/LE1 WAS MANAG+ TO KEEP ! HEAVY NOONDAY TRAFFIC ( ,URDANETA ,SQU>E UNTANGL$4 ,BUT ! DAY WAS W>M & ! SITUATION CALL$ = REFRE%M5TS4 ,SUDD5LY HE BLEW HIS :I/LE /R5U\SLY4 ,ITS /RID5T NOTES & HIS UPRAIS$ H& /OPP$ TRAFFIC 9 ALL DIRECTIONS :ILE HE CALL$ OV] AN ,ITALIAN V5DOR ( ICE-POPS1 MADE HIS SELECTION1 PAID = IT1 & AGA9 RETURN$ TO HIS TASK DIRECT+ ! TRAFFIC1 ALT]NAT+ HIS ATT5TION BETWE5 ! :I/LE & ! ICE-POP4 

,MEAN:ILE1 ! DRIV]S GOOD-NATUR$LY SALUT$ ! JUNIOR TRAFFIC VOLUNTE] ) TOOT+ ( HORNS & APPLAUSE4 

,! ,B,O,Y ,:,O ,R,A,N,G ,! ,B,E,L,L,S 

,IT HAPP5$ 9 ,GUATIRE1 A T[N ?IRTY KILOMET]S FROM ,C>ACAS :]E !RE >E C(FEE & SUG> PLANTATIONS & V>I\S SUG>-MILLS4 ,E*OES ( ! REBELLION 9 ! CAPITAL HAD AGITAT$ ! WORK]S ( ,GUATIRE2 \R MIMEO$ MANIFE/OES HAD REA*$ !M & !Y W]E ON ! AL]T1 PREP>$ TO JO9 ! MOVEM5T4 

,IT HAD BE5 ANN\NC$ ?AT :5 ! NATION-WIDE ,G5]AL ,/RIKE WAS CALL$--9 CASE ! NEWSPAP]S DID NOT REA* ! T[N - ! BELLS ( ! VILLAGE *UR* W\LD BE S\ND$ TO ANN\NCE ! MOM5T ( ACTION TO ! WORK]S ( ! FIELDS1 PLANTATIONS & SUG>-MILLS444,?US ! SAME BELLS ?AT HAD CALL$ ! FAI?FUL TO MASS & ?AT HAD = YE>S BADE F>EWELL TO ! DEAD - W\LD ?IS DAY BE ! VOICE ( ! PEOPLE >IS+ TO DEM& !IR LIB]TY & A BETT] LIFE4 

,& SO IT WAS4 ,! HONOR ( S\ND+ ! CALL FELL TO A Y\NG LAD ( #ad YE>S1 :O1 FIR$ ) 5?USIASM1 CLIMB$ TO ! BELFRY4 ,AS HIS SMALL H&S N]V\SLY SEIZ$ ! ROPE1 & ! FIR/ S\NDS ( ! BELLS RANG \T = ! G5]AL /RIKE & = ,FRE$OM1 A POLICE (FIC] ( ! DICTATOR%IP PO/$ 9 ! NE>BY ,PLAZA1 NEATLY PICK$ HIM (F4 

,HE DI$--!Y TELL ME--LIKE A LITTLE BIRD444FLUTT]+ FROM ! BELFRY TO ! ,PLAZA BEL[4 

,BUT ! PEOPLE ( ,GUATIRE ANSW]$ ! SUMMONS ( ! BELLS & ROSE 9 REBELLION4 ,! IRE ( ! POPULACE /RUCK AT ! SYMBOL ( OPPRESSION1 ! UNI=M$ LACKEY :O HAD KILL$ ! T[N'S FIR/ M>TYR4 ,IT IS REPORT$ ?AT ?IS MIS]ABLE *>ACT] WAS TI$ TO ! TAIL ( A HORSE ?AT WAS /AMP$$1 & ?AT HE WAS DRAGG$ TO HIS DEA? 9 ! CANE FIELDS4 

,PRO/ITUTION 9 ,PORTL& BY ,REUEL ,S4 ,AMDUR 

,! ,H>LOT'S CRY FROM ,/REET TO ,/REET 

,%ALL WEAVE ,OLD ,5GL&'S W9D+ %EET4 

--FROM ,WILLIAM ,BLAKE'S ,AUGURIES ( ,9NOC5CE 

,BEG9N+ 9 ,FEBRU>Y1 #a#i#e#g1 ! FOCUS ( ATT5TION WAS ON ,PORTL&1 ,OREGON1 ) REG>D TO CORRUPTION1 RACKETE]+ & ROTT5 UNIONISM4 ,AN ASPECT ( ?IS RACKETE]+ :I* WAS T\*$ UPON EV] SO LI<TLY IS PRO/ITUTION4 ,N[1 ?IS FOCUS ( ATT5TION WAS NOT ! RESULT ( A WIDE-OP5 CITY BE+ UNCOV]$1 = ,PORTL& IS NOT SU* A CITY4 ,PORTL&1 AS ) ANY CITY ( ANY SIZE1 HAS ITS SEAMI] SIDE1 BUT ,PORTL& IS NOT A CITY AK9 TO ! ,*ICAGO ( ! ,PROHIBITION ,]A OR ANY?+ LIKE IT4 

,ATT5TION BECAME FOCUS$ UPON ,PORTL& BECAUSE ( ! UNCOV]+ BY TWO REPORT]S = ! ,OREGONIAN ( A KEY FIGURE ON ?AT SEAMY SIDE :O WAS READY TO 0 SQUEAL4 0 ,!SE REPORT]S DID A GOOD JOB 9 BR++ TO LI<T ALL ! 9=MATION ?AT !Y C\LD ON ! RACKETS1 BUT !IRS WAS A L>GELY EMPIRICAL APPROA*--E4G41 SU*-&-SU* >E ! ADDRESSES ( GAMBL+ D5S1 SO-&-SO IS MIX$ UP 9 PRO/ITUTION1 SO-&-SO *>GES ?AT ! !N %]IFF TOOK A BRIBE TO ALL[ A GAMBL+ D5 TO REMA9 OP51 ETC4 

,! ,OREGONIAN1 GOOD ,REPUBLICAN %EET ?AT IT IS1 & !IR REPORT]S1 FAIL$ UTT]LY TO MAKE ANY K9D ( SOCIAL COMM5T>Y ON !SE RACKETS4 7,! ,J\RNAL1 ! RIVAL PAP]1 SP5T MO/ ( ITS TIME TRY+ TO POOH-POOH ! CORRUPTION UNCOV]$ BY ! ,OREGONIAN1 BUT ?IS APPROA* BY ! ,J\RNAL SEEMS TO BE A /&>D ONE 9 LOCAL POLITICS3 :AT ! ,OREGONIAN IS =1 ! ,J\RNAL IS AGA9/4 ,! ,OREGONIAN SUPPORT$ FLUORIDATION ( WAT]2 ! ,J\RNAL OPPOS$ IT4 ,A LOCAL Y\? :O W5T TO ! ,MOSC[ ,Y\? ,FE/IVAL RECEIV$ V]Y UNFAVORABLE COV]AGE 9 ! ,OREGONIAN1 AFT] :I* ! ,J\RNAL CALL$ ! BOY'S P>5TS & COMM5T$ ON ! TONE ( ! >TICLE & ASK$ = AN 9T]VIEW4 ,! >TICLE FROM ?IS 9T]VIEW WAS MU* MORE COMPLIM5T>Y47 

,MY 9T]E/ 9 WRIT+ ?IS >TICLE1 H[EV]1 IS F> LESS 9 ! SPECIFIC CRIMES UNCOV]$ ?AN 9 ! CONDITIONS ?AT MAKE = !SE CRIMES & ! CONDITIONS ?AT EXI/ AMONG ?OSE EMPLOY$ 9 ! UND]WORLD4 ,SPECIFICALLY1 ,I AM WRIT+ AB\T PRO/ITUTION--RECRUITM5T = IT1 ! /&>DS ( LIV+ = ?OSE 5GAG$ 9 IT1 TOL]ATION BY ! LAW1 & ! PEOPLE :O MU/ %>E ! GUILT = ITS CONT9U$ EXI/5CE4 

,RECRUITM5T TO PRO/ITUTION IS COMMONLY ?R\< ! M$IUM ( ! PIMP4 ,! EASIE/ PREY ( ! PIMP IS ! GIRL BETWE5 SIXTE5 & EI<TE5 )\T FAMILY OR FRI5DS4 ,LONELY & DESIR\S ( LOVE & AFFECTION1 %E BECOMES 5AMOR$ ) A SMOO?-TALK+ PIMP1 BECOMES HIS MI/RESS1 LAT]1 AT HIS BIDD+ & AFT] HE HAS BROK5 D[N H] SEXUAL /&>DS & H] DESIRE = ! SECURITY ( A S+LE P>TN] BY MORE ( HIS SMOO? TONGUE & BY ! HOLD :I* HE1 AS H] BELOV$ EX]CISES1 %E 05T]TA9S0 HIS FRI5DS1 & EV5TUALLY %E 5DS BY LETT+ H]SELF BE PLAC$ 9 ! BUS9ESS4 ,O!R GIRLS 5T] ! PR(ESSION BY OSMOSIS1 AS IT W]E1 ?R\< ! NI<TCLUB BEAT3 !Y >E ATTRACT$ TO ! GAUDY GLITT] ( ! NI<T SPOTS & >E 5TIC$ TO BECOME SPECIALI/S 9 ONE SECTOR ( NI<T LIFE BY SOME PIMP1 MADAM OR SOME O!R M>G9AL SPECIALI/ 9 ! WORLD ( IMMORALITY4 

,SOME 5T] PRO/ITUTION \T ( A DESIRE = 0EASY MONEY40 ,SOME 5T] TO GET MONEY = DRUGS4 ,V]Y FEW GIRLS 5T] PRO/ITUTION AS AN \TLET = NYMPHOMANIA1 CONTR>Y TO POPUL> BELIEF4 

,CONDITIONS ( EXI/5CE = ! PRO/ITUTE >E H>DLY GLAM\R\S4 ,! 9DEP5D5T OP]ATOR :O /REETWALKS ON H] [N IS CORRALL$ 9TO ONE ( ! PIMPS' 0/ABLES0--?IS IS ! COLLECTIVE T]M US$ TO DESCRIBE ! GIRLS :O >E S$UC$ 9TO PRO/ITUTION BY ! PIMP2 %E DOES NOT EV5 HAVE ! *ANCE ( BE+ HIS FAVORITE3 ! PIMP HAS NO FAVORITES4 ,HE ALWAYS HAS MORE ?AN ONE GIRL 9 HIS 0/ABLE0 AS WELL = IT IS RECOGNIZ$ ?AT A RELATION%IP 9VOLV+ ONLY A S+LE GIRL OR 9VOLV+ A FAVORITE 9T]F]ES ) ! MO/ EFFICI5T1 ! MO/ PR(ITABLE OP]ATION ( ! BUS9ESS4 

,! GIRLS SOON KN[ ! TRU?1 BUT AT ANO!R LEVEL MANY ( !M HIDE IT EV5 FROM !MSELVES4 ,9 ADDITION1 GIRLS FEEL TRAPP$4 ,ONCE ! LABEL ( PRO/ITUTE IS P9N$ TO !M1 IT IS DIFFICULT TO REMOVE IT4 ,LET ME GIVE AN EXAMPLE4 ,ONE ( ,PORTL&'S MADAMS 5T]$ PRO/ITUTION ?R\< BE+ >RE/$ ) A ROOMMATE %E HAD :O1 UNBEKN[N/ TO H]1 WAS A PRO/ITUTE3 %E WAS LABEL$ ALMO/ AS ?OR\<LY BY H] POLICE RECORD AS WAS ,CA9 BY HIS M>K ( S94 ,%E /AY$ 9 ! PR(ESSION ! LAW *OSE = H]4 

,PAY = PRO/ITUTES IS NEGLIGIBLE ONCE !Y >E CAU<T 9 ! PIMP'S WEB4 ,! 9COME FROM PRO/ITUTION IS SPLIT1 ESS5TIALLY1 ?REE WAYS3 ! PIMP1 ! MADAM1 & ! POLICE4 ,! PRO/ITUTE RECEIVES ONLY A TOK5 PAYM5T4 ,WORK+ CONDITIONS V>Y ACCORD+ TO ! TYPE ( BUS9ESS ! PRO/ITUTE IS 9--?AT IS1 CALL OR H\SE4 ,! CALL GIRL IS SOME:AT BETT] (F BECAUSE %E HAS AN EASI] WORK LOAD ?AN ! PRO/ITUTE :O WORKS 9 A H\SE4 ,! CALL GIRL HAS NO SET TIMETABLE & MAY BE CALL$ UPON AT ANY TIME4 ,! PRO/ITUTE 9 A BRO!L WORKS EI<T H\RS A DAY1 SEV5 DAYS A WEEK1 ON ONE ( ?REE %IFTS4 

,! GIRL 9 A ,PORTL& BRO!L MU/ PUT UP ) ANO!R MAN EV]Y T5 OR FIFTE5 M9UTES4 ,AT ?IS PO9T %E FUNCTIONS AT ESS5TIALLY A MA*9E LEVEL--EV5 ANIMAL IS TOO GLORIFI$ A T]M = SU* EXI/5CE4 ,ALL PRO/ITUTES1 CALL OR H\SE1 CAT] TO ESS5TIALLY ! SAME ?REE CATEGORIES ( CU/OM]S--! Y\NG KID \T = HIS SEXUAL 9ITIATION1 ! CONFIRM$ BA*ELOR ) ! PRO/ITUTES = HIS NORMAL SEXUAL \TLET1 & ! SADI/ \T = SOME?+ HE CANNOT GET 9 HIS O!R SEXUAL RELATION%IPS4 

,! SADI/ IS ! MO/ COMMON & ! MO/ IMPORTANT CU/OM]4 ,?IS P]SON MAY BE M>RI$ & LIVE AN O!RWISE NORMAL LIFE1 & EV5 HIS WIFE MAY BE COMPLETELY UNAW>E ( ?IS O!R SIDE ( HIM4 ,FREQU5TLY HE IS SOME FRU/RAT$ PETTY B\RGEOIS :O TAKES \T HIS 9ADEQUACIES BY 9FLICT+ PA9 ON !SE PRO/ITUTES4 ,! SADI/ IS 5C\RAG$ BY ! PRO/ITUTION RACKET BECAUSE HE PAYS EXTRA = SOME?+ 0SPECIAL40 ,9 ONE 9/ANCE A GIRL CAME BACK FROM A 0TRICK0 ) ! L[] HALF ( H] BODY COMPLETELY SME>$ ) BLOOD4 0,Y\ %\LD HAVE KN[N BETT] ?AN TO LET ?AT HAPP510 *>G$ ! PIMP4 0,N[ Y\'LL BE UNABLE TO WORK = A C\PLE ( DAYS60 

,COMMONLY1 ! PRO/ITUTE GRADUATES D[N ! LADD] FROM ! CALL RACKET TO ! L[E/ H\SE4 ,AFT] ?AT A FEW WILL BECOME MADAMS4 ,O!RS MAY BECOME MAIDS 9 BRO!LS OR MAY BE KEPT = SOME SADI/IC 0SPECIALTY0 ?AT ! Y\NG]1 MORE ATTRACTIVE GIRLS NE$ NOT SUBMIT TO4 ,SOME DIE SOON4 ,O!RS JU/ DRIFT4 ,AT ?IRTY1 ! AV]AGE PRO/ITUTE LOOKS FIFTY4 ,MO/1 SOME:]E ALONG ! L9E TURN EI!R TO DOPE OR ALCOHOL TO DEAD5 !IR S5SES4 ,! PIMP IS QUITE WILL+ TO KEEP !SE GIRLS ON SU* RATIONS3 !Y >E EASI] TO CONTROL ?AT WAY4 

,:AT HAPP5S TO A P]SONALITY :5 ! MO/ 9TIMATE EMBRACES & EXPRESSIONS ( LOVE BECOME M]E COMMODITIES ( EX*ANGE ON ! CAPITALI/ M>KET8 ,JU/ AS ! SY/EM IS BASICALLY CRUDE & BRUTAL1 SO ! PRO/ITUTE BECOMES4 ,! MO/ SACR$ HUMAN RELATIONS >E MEASUR$ 9 T]MS ( 0FIVE BUCKS = FIFTE5 M9UTES40 ,LOVE IS TURN$ 9TO ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION4 

,IT IS NOT SOLELY ! SIMIL>ITY ( ?IS =M ( ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION TO O!R =MS 7E4G41 FACTORY WORK7 ?AT LEADS 0! LAW0 & ?OSE =CES 9 ?IS SOCIETY :O DET]M9E :AT ! LAW IS1 TO TOL]ATE PRO/ITUTION1 H[EV]4 ,MANY ( ! MEMB]S ( ! 5=CEM5T AG5CY1 ! POLICE1 COME FROM ! L[] CLASS1 A CLASS LESS IMBU$ ) ! SEXUAL MORES ( \R SOCIETY ?AN ! MORE ,PURITAN-RIDD5 MIDDLE CLASS4 ,!SE POLICE (T5 FEEL ?AT EV5 IF !RE IS A LAW ON ! BOOKS1 PRO/ITUTION IS ALL RI<T IF IT IS KEPT 0)9 LIMITS40 ,AT ANY RATE1 PRO/ITUTION CAN ONLY FUNCTION ) ! COOP]ATION ( ! LAW & ( 0LAW-ABID+ CITIZ5S40 ,POLICE & POLITICIANS >E PAID (F--H&SOMELY4 ,ALSO1 POLICE EX]CISE A C]TA9 CONTROL OV] PRO/ITUTION4 ,!Y LIMIT EMPLOYM5T 9 PRO/ITUTION MORE OR LESS TO ADULT FEMALES1 !Y PREV5T 0ROLL+0 ( CU/OM]S1 !Y DO NOT TOL]ATE DOPE P$DL+ TO NON-PRO/ITUTES1 !Y PREV5T :ITE SLAV]Y 9 ITS MORE OBVI\S =MS1 & !Y 9SI/ ?AT ! GIRLS BE 0REASONABLY0 CLEAN4 ,YET1 !SE GIRLS CREATE O!R LEGAL PROBLEMS1 = MANY ( ! PRO/ITUTES EV5TUALLY TURN TO /EAL+1 (T5 PICKPOCKET+1 G5]ALLY AT ! 9/IGATION ( ! PIMP4 

,! PIMP IS ! ONE TO PR(IT FROM ! ?IEV]Y AS WELL AS ! MORE 0NORMAL0 WORK ( ! PRO/ITUTE2 HE IS ! PR(ITE]1 & ! RACKET FUNCTIONS BECAUSE IT IS PR(ITABLE4 ,!RE IS A DEM& = ! S]VICE R5D]$ & !RE >E PEOPLE WILL+ TO OP]ATE 5T]PRISES TO FULFILL ?IS DEM&4 ,PRO/ITUTION IS A BUS9ESS & FUNCTIONS AS SU*4 ,IT ALSO HAS ITS CONNECTIONS ) 0LEGITIMATE0 BUS9ESS 5T]PRISES4 ,ONE ( ! L>GE/ *A9S ( BRO!LS 9 T[N IS OP]AT$ BY ONE ( ,PORTL&'S LEAD+ JEWEL]S4 ,PRO/ITUTION IS ?AT BUS9ESS :I* IS ! MO/ EXTREME EXAMPLE ( CAPITALI/IC EXPLOITATION4 ,LONG H\RS1 L[ PAY1 POOR CONDITIONS4 ,! EMPLOYEE IS TURN$ 9TO A MA*9E--AS CLOSE AS IS POSSIBLE4 ,H] FUNCTION1 ESPECIALLY 9 ! BRO!L1 APPROA*ES ! M]ELY ME*ANICAL2 H] [N FEEL+S >E DE/ROY$4 ,PREF]ABLY %E IS 5SLAV$ TO ALCOHOL--OR EV5 MORE EFFECTIVE--DRUGS4 ,H] B>GA9+ P[] IS NIL1 & IF %E GETS TOO DIFFICULT ! CITY JAIL CAN COOL H] (F4 ,ONLY ! BOSSES >E ORGANIZ$4 

,MO/ PEOPLE1 AT LEA/ 9 PUBLIC1 OPPOSE ! EXCESS ( CAPITALISM ?AT PRO/ITUTION %[S ITSELF TO BE4 ,H[EV]1 IT IS (T5 >GU$ ?AT PRO/ITUTION CANNOT BE 5TIRELY DRIV5 FROM ,PORTL& OR ANY O!R CITY4 ,?IS MAY BE1 BUT :5 ,DORO?Y ,MC,CULL\< ,LEE WAS MAYOR ( ,PORTL& ! H\SES F\ND IT TOO DANG]\S TO OP]ATE H]E4 ,:5 %E WAS DEFEAT$ 9 ! #aieb ELECTION1 ONE ( ! MA9 ?+S ?AT BEAT H] WAS ! *>GE ?AT %E WAS A 0BLUE NOSE40 ,%E WAS BAD = BUS9ESS1 & ! ISSUE DID NOT 5AMOR H] TO ! WORK+ PEOPLE EI!R4 

,AT ! PRES5T TIME !RE >E SEV]AL H\SES & CALL SETUPS OP]AT+1 ONE ?R\< ONE ( ,PORTL&'S BE/ HOTELS4 ,! SITUATION IS KN[N BY SO MANY PEOPLE ?AT ! BLAME MU/ BE %>$ BY ALL SEGM5TS ( ! POPULATION ?AT DO NOT ACTIVELY FI<T IT4 ,MAYOR ,LEE PROV$ ?AT PRO/ITUTION C\LD BE VIRTUALLY KEPT \T ( ,PORTL&1 BUT %E HAD 9SUFFICI5T SUPPORT FROM ! PEOPLE4 ,( C\RSE1 EV5 ,MAYOR ,LEE & ?OSE LIKE H] C\LD M]ELY DRIVE PRO/ITUTION \T ( ! CITY LIMITS2 %E C\LD NOT ABOLI% ! BUS9ESS4 ,ITS ABOLITION1 H[EV]1 CAN ALSO BE ACCOMPLI%$4 ,= ?AT FEAT WE MU/ TAKE A PAGE FROM ! HI/ORY ( ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION4 

,9 ,B>CELONA1 :5 ! AN>*I/S TOOK P[] AT ! BEG9N+ ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 !Y CLOS$ ! BRO!LS & NAK$ %[S ?AT CAT]$ TO ! WEAL?Y4 ,S9CE A PRO/ITUTE G5]ALLY PROGRESSES D[N ! LADD] FROM A 0BETT]0 H\SE TO A WORSE ONE1 & S9CE A GIRL CAN MORE EASILY BE CAJOL$ 9TO PRO/ITUTION 9 A 0BETT]0 H\SE ?AN 9 A WORSE ONE1 RECRUITM5T WAS HURT4 ,!N ! PR(IT WAS TAK5 \T ( PRO/ITUTION BY COLLECTIVIZ+ IT4 ,F9ALLY1 A TREM5D\S PROPAG&A CAMPAIGN WAS WAG$ TO URGE ! GIRLS TO LEAVE PRO/ITUTION4 ,& ?OSE ?AT LEFT W]E NOT REG>D$ ) ! K9D ( SMUG SUSPICION ONE W\LD EXPECT 9 ?IS C\NTRY4 ,RA!R1 !Y W]E ?\<T ( AS LIKE ! ONE %EEP ?AT WAS LO/ & N[ IS F\ND4 ,BUT ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION WAS CRU%$ BY ! MOD]ATION ( ,/AL9I/S & LIB]ALS & BY ! >MS ( ! FASCI/S4 ,! PR(IT MOTIVE HAS LONG S9CE RECONQU]$ ,B>CELONA1 & PRO/ITUTION IS ONCE MORE A PR(ITABLE BUS9ESS--!RE AS 9 ,PORTL&4 

 "9 "9 "9 

0,! ,/ATE6 ,:ATEV] ! ,/ATE SAI? IS A LIE2 :ATEV] IT HA? IS A !FT2 ALL IS C\NT]FEIT 9 IT1 ! GNAW+1 SANGU9>Y1 9SATIATE MON/]4 ,IT EV5 BITES ) /OL5 TEE?4 ,ITS V]Y B[ELS >E C\NT]FEIT40 

--,FRI$RI* ,NIETZS*E 7,?US ,SPAKE ,Z>A?U/RA7 

,NATIONAL ,9DEP5D5CE ,IS ,NOT ,5\< 

,IT IS UND]/&ABLE & CORRECT = PEOPLE TO SYMPA?IZE ) ! UND]DOG--! PEOPLES ( ! SMALL NATIONS /RUGGL+ = !IR PLACE 9 ! SUN4 ,5?USIASM & SYMPA?Y LEADS !M TO APPLAUD EV]Y NATIONALI/ MOVEM5T )\T RES]VATIONS4 ,CRITICAL EXAM9ATION IS SUSP5D$ & AN OBJECTIVE UND]/&+ ( EV5TS BECOMES IMPOSSIBLE4 ,IT IS !RE=E NECESS>Y TO DISCUSS SOME ( ! ISSUES 9VOLV$4 

,! T]M 0,NATIONAL ,9DEP5D5CE0 IS A MISNOM]4 ,!RE CAN BE NO SU* ?+ 9 ! MOD]N WORLD4 ,SMALL NATIONS ESPECIALLY CANNOT /& ALONE BECAUSE !Y >E CON/ANTLY BE+ ?REAT5$ BY MORE P[]FUL C\NTRIES4 ,!Y CAN EXI/ ONLY BY PLAC+ !MSELVES UND] ! ECONOMIC1 POLITICAL & MILIT>Y CU/ODY ( ! GREAT P[] BLOCS3 ,MOSC[1 ,WA%+TON1 ,LONDON OR ,P>IS4 

,ASSUM+ ?AT ,UTOPIA BECOMES REALITY1 & ! SMALL NATIONS A*IEVE SOV]EIGNTY1 W\LD !Y BE SATISFI$ ) JU/ !IR 9DEP5D5CE8 ,W\LD ! 9DEP5D5CE & FRE$OM APPLY TO ! POPULATION ( ! NEWLY CREAT$ /ATES8 ,HI/ORY SUPPLIES ! ANSW]4 ,IMP]IALISM IS MANUFACTUR$ AT HOME & EXPORT$ ABROAD4 ,! NEW GOV]NM5TS DEVELOP AN 9SATIABLE APPETITE = P[] & LOOT4 ,ALL /ATES TRY TO EXP& BY 9VAD+ EA* O!R & OPPRESS+ !IR [N POPULATION4 

,! ,NASS] BR& ( ,PAN-,>ABIAN NATIONALISM1 = EXAMPLE1 IS BUT ANO!R V>IATION ( ,MID ,EA/]N FASCISM4 ,NAZI 9FLU5CE 9 ,EGYPT & O!R P>TS ( ! ,MID ,EA/ IS /ILL POT5T4 ,! ,G]MAN 0DES]T FOX0 ,ROMMELL IS /ILL A H]O 9 ,CAIRO4 

,! ,NEW ,YORK ,PO/ 7,AUG4 #a1 #a#i#e#h7 SAYS3 

0,NUMB] ONE ON ! LI/ ( #be ,MIDEA/ ,NAZIS IS ,JOHANNES VON ,LE]S1 :O WAS ! *IEF ANTI-,SEMITIC MA/]M9D = ,NAZI PROPAG&A M9I/] ,JOSEF ,GOEBBELS4 ,VON ,LE]S FL$ FROM ,G]MANY TO ,EGYPT AFT] ,HITL]'S DEFEAT4 ,HE IS N[ S]V+ AS ,NASS]'S *IEF ADVIS] ON ',JEWI% AFFAIRS4' 

0,O!R LEAD+ LI<TS AMONG ! ,NAZIS 9 ,NASS]'S CAMP >E ,OSK> ,DIRLEWANG]1 ,JOHANNES ,DAEMK+ & ,WILHELM ,VOSS40 

,DIRLEWANG] WAS *IEF ( ! ,S,S 0SPECIAL TASKS0 ORGANIZATION 9 ! ,NAZI-OCCUPI$ ,UKRA9E4 ,HE IS ACCUS$ ( HAV+ SUP]VIS$ ! WIP+ \T ( 5TIRE VILLAGES AS A 0GU]RILLA-SUPPRESSION0 MEASURE4 

,9 ,CAIRO1 ,DIRLEWANG] IS ADVIS+ ,NASS] ON GU]RILLA W>F>E4 ,ANGLO-,AM]ICAN AU?ORITIES SAY ?AT ,NASS] HAS DEVELOP$ A =MIDABLE GU]RILLA ORGANIZATION1 MA/]M9D$ 9 P>T BY ,DIRLEWANG]4 

,DAEML+1 :O WAS AN ,S,S COLONEL1 WAS ! W>TIME ,GE/APO *IEF 9 ! ,RUHR4 ,HE HAS BE5 HELP+ ,NASS] 0REORGANIZE0 ! ,EGYPTIAN POLICE40 

,NASS]'S AIM IS TO C>VE \T AN AU?ORIT>IAN EMPIRE 9 ,AFRICA4 ,! PROCLAMATION ( ! ,UNIT$ ,>AB ,REPUBLIC 9 :I* ,EGYPT SWALL[$ UP ,SYRIA IS ! FIR/ /EP 9 ?IS DIRECTION4 ,N[ ! ,U4,A4,R4 IS TRY+ TO DO ! SAME 9 ,IRAQ1 ,JORDAN1 ,LEBANON & O!R ,MIDEA/]N L&S4 ,! IGNORANT MASSES FELL = ,NASS]'S CLEV] PROPAG&A1 BUT ?AT DOES NOT *ANGE ! NATURE ( HIS DICTATOR%IP4 ,NASS] ALSO SUPPORT$ ,HITL]1 ,/AL91 ! ,POPE & O!R DEMAGOGUES4 ,IF ! PEOPLE W\LD ALWAYS SUPPORT ! RI<T CAUSES1 ! SOCIAL PROBLEMS W\LD HAVE BE5 SOLV$ ?\S&S ( YE>S AGO4 ,NASS] ASPIRES TO BECOME A TYRANT 9 HIS [N RI<T & IS WILL+ TO ACCEPT HELP FROM ,MOSC[ OR ! ,WE/4 ,:AT J\RNALI/S CALL 0! FAILURE ( ,AM]ICAN =EIGN POLICY0 IS ! FACT ?AT ,DULLES & ,EIS5H[] >E NOT AS QUICK OR CLEV] AS ,KHRU%*EV & ,CO4 

,NEI!R ! 9DEP5D5CE ( ,EGYPT NOR ! RISE ( ,NASS] CAN BE REG>D$ AS A PROGRESSIVE /EP4 ,! FALL ( ! ,EGYPTIAN ,MON>*Y DID NOT RESULT 9 A DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC4 ,! PEOPLE >E UND] ! DOM9ATION ( A MILIT>Y /ATE4 ,ONLY ONE POLITICAL P>TY IS P]MITT$ & ALL O!RS >E LIQUIDAT$4 ,! MEAG] RES\RCES ( ! C\NTRY W]E NOT EXP5D$ = ! PEOPLE1 BUT W]E B>T]$ AWAY = >MS4 

,!RE >E MANY O!R EXAMPLES :I* ILLU/RATE \R CONT5TIONS2 = 9/ANCE1 ,TUNISIA1 :I* HAS REC5TLY WON 9DEP5D5CE FROM ,FRANCE4 ,J4,P4 ,F9IDORI1 ONE ( ! F\ND]S ( ! ,TUNISIAN ,G5]AL ,CONF$]ATION ( ,LABOR 7,C,G,T,T71 9 AN >TICLE :I* APPE>$ 9 ,LA ,REVOLUTION ,PROLET>I5NE1 GIVES 9T]E/+ 9=MATION AB\T ! ECONOMIC & POLITICAL SITUATION 9 ,TUNISIA3 

0,LIFE IS H>D = ! WORK]S4 ,MIS]Y M\NTS AS UNEMPLOYM5T 9CREASES & ! WAGES >E V]Y L[4 ,:ILE ! REPRES5TATIVES ( O!R CLASSES TO ! ,NATIONAL ,UNION PRESS = ! DEM&S ( !IR CON/ITU5TS1 ! REPRES5TATIVES ( ! WORK+ CLASS >E 9T]E/$ ONLY 9 EX]CIS+ !IR P[] OV] ! WORK]S4 

0,LA/ YE> !Y 5G9E]$ A SPLIT 9 ! ,C,G,T,T--AT ! REQUE/ ( ! GOV]NM5T4 ,?IS YE> UNITY WAS E/ABLI%$--AGA9 AT ! REQUE/ ( ! GOV]NM5T4 ,A G5]AL SECRET>Y WAS SIL5C$ BECAUSE HE WAS TOO WELL LIK$ BY ! WORK]S4 

0,! (FICIALS ( ! ,C,G,T,T >E MEMB]S ( ! ,NEO ,DE/UR P>TY & >E TI$ BODY & S\L TO ! P>TY4 ,= !M ! ,/ATE IS SACR$2 ! F9AL AU?ORITY ON :AT IS GOOD OR BAD1 FROM :OSE JUDGM5T !RE IS NO APPEAL4 

0,NOM9ALLY WE LIVE 9 A REPUBLIC1 BUT ! P[] ( ! ,PRESID5T IS ABSOLUTE4 ,!RE IS NO CON/ITUTION4 ,NATURALLY ! ,PRESID5T IS ! FA!R ( ! PEOPLE & ! FA!R ( ! PEOPLE DESIRES ONLY ! BE/ = HIS *ILDR54 ,WORK]S :O DON'T APPRECIATE ?IS FACT & %[ SIGNS ( DISOB$I5CE >E PUNI%$4 

0,FROM ! LOCAL POLICE TO ! HI<E/ (FICIALS1 FROM ! P>TY CELLS TO ! MANAG]S ( ! ,C,G,T,T3 ! WAT*WORD IS--,ORD] & ,OB$I5CE6 ,! B\RGEOISIE MU/ NOT BE DI/URB$6 ,ELECTION ( DELEGATES TO ! ,C,G,T,T IS A F>CE4 ,9 ORD] TO /OP DISCONT5T ! SMALL UNIONS W]E GAGG$4 ,AT ! LA/ CONGRESS ( ! ,C,G,T,T ! ONLY ONES ALL[$ TO VOTE W]E UNIONS :O HAD MORE ?AN #be DELEGATES4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT A /RONG M9ORITY S5TIM5T %[$ ITSELF AT ! CONGRESS BUT IT WAS ONLY A M9ORITY4 

0,! G5]AL SECRET>IES HAVE BECOME /ATI/S4 ,!Y (T5 TRAVEL ABROAD ON GOV]NM5T & O!R MISSIONS4 ,BUT !Y SELDOM IF EV] CIRCULATE 9SIDE ! C\NTRY EXCEPT ON SPECIAL OCCASIONS :5 !Y TRAVEL TOGE!R ) ! ,PRESID5T HIMSELF40 

,:ILE NOT 9 AGREEM5T ) ! \TLOOK ( ! WRIT]1 !RE IS FOOD = ?\<T 9 ! FOLL[+ QUOTE :I* CONC]NS ,ALG]IA1 BUT HOLDS ALSO = O!R COLONIES SEEK+ 9DEP5D5CE4 ,! AU?OR FAVORS A G5U9E 9TEGRATION ACCOMPANI$ BY SWEEP+ SOCIAL RE=MS 7:I* ! ,FR5* IMP]IALI/S WON'T GRANT673 

0444! MASSES ( ,ALG]IA W\LD F>E MU* BETT] 9 A MOD]N WE/]N /ATE ?AN 9 A NATIONALI/ ,>AB /ATE 9 :I* !Y W\LD BE DOM9AT$ BY ! NATIVE FEUDALI/IC ELEM5TS4 ,CONSID]+ ! ASPECT ( POLITICAL LIB]TY1 ONE MU/ NOT =GET ?AT !RE >E AS MANY P[]-HUNGRY CUT?ROATS 9 ! ,ALG]IAN ,FRONT ( ,NATIONAL ,LIB]ATION AS !RE >E 9 ! ,PUBLIC ,SAFETY ,COMMITTEES 7,FR5* ,>MY ,/ORMTROOP]S740 

--,LIVO ,C4 ,/EC*9I 9 ,DISS5T1 ,SUMM]1 #a#i#e#h4 

,UPRIS+S ( OPPRESS$ PEOPLES DES]VE \R SOLID>ITY4 ,SU* MOVEM5TS C\LD BECOME ! FIR/ PHASE ( A DEEP SEAT$ SOCIAL REVOLUTION :OSE ULTIMATE OBJECTIVE CAN BE ONLY ECONOMIC1 SOCIAL & P]SONAL FRE$OM 9 A /ATELESS SOCIETY4 ,IF ! NATIONALI/ REBELLION DOES NOT BECOME A SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 IF IT /OPS ) ! CREATION ( NEW /ATES & ! OLD P[]S >E EX]CIS$ BY NEW RUL]S1 NEW /RUGGLES >E 9EVITABLE4 ,! ,/ATE ITSELF IS ! *IEF OB/ACLE TO ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,! DOCTR9E ( NATIONALISM IS ! RELIGION ( ! /ATE4 ,ANY MOVEM5T ?AT IGNORES ?IS IS CONSCI\SLY OR UNCONSCI\SLY ABETT+ ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION4 ,! REVOLUTIONS ( ! PA/ FAIL$ BECAUSE ! ROOTS ( ! /ATE & ITS SUPPORT+ 9/ITUTIONS W]E LEFT 9TACT4 

,! SOCIAL REVOLUTION WILL NOT1 BY SOME MIRACLE1 BE IMM$IATELY REALIZ$4 ,IT CAN ONLY TAKE PLACE AFT] A LONG P]IOD ( 9TELLECTUAL F]M5TATION & GREAT /RUGGLES4 ,! DECISIVE QUE/ION IS--TO :AT EXT5T1 IF ANY1 CAN NATIONALI/ MOVEM5TS TRANSC5D !IR N>R[ LIMITATIONS8 

 "9 "9 "9 

0,CIVILIZATION HAS ACCOMPLI%$ IMPROVEM5TS 9 EV]Y DIRECTION EXCEPT ?AT ( POLITICS1 :I* CONT9UES TO BE A FIELD = ! DISPLAY ( DECEIT1 9TRIGUE & CONTEMPT = RI<T & LIB]TY40 

--,L4 ,PROAL 7,POLITICAL ,CRIME7 

,ANSW]+ ,SOME ,QUE/IONS 

,! FOLL[+ LETT] WAS RECEIV$ FROM A READ]3 

,PHILADELPHIA1 ,JULY #a#e1 #aieh 

,DE> ,FRI5DS3 

,I HAVE BE5 READ+ ,VIEWS & ,COMM5TS = SOME TIME N[4 ,?\< IT IS ( CONSID]ABLE 9T]E/ TO ME1 IT LEAVES MANY QUE/IONS UNANSW]$ :I* SEEM TO ME TO BE FUNDAM5TAL TO A CONV9C+ PROGRAM ( ACTION4 ,P]HAPS !SE MATT]S >E TOO S5SITIVE TO BE TAK5 UP 9 Y\R PAGES = ! G5]AL CONSUMPTION1 BUT ,I BELIEVE ?AT ! MAN :O T5DS 9 ! DIRECTION ( Y\R PHILOSOPHY WILL /E] H>D] T[>D IT IF HE KN[S Y\R [N DEF9ITE ANSW]S TO SPECIFIC PROBLEMS4 ,! QUE/IONS ,I WANT TO ASK 9 P>TICUL> >E AS FOLL[S3 

#a4 ,ASSUM+ ! NATION1 OR EV5 ! WORLD1 TO HAVE BECOME AN AN>*I/ SOCIETY1 :AT HAPP5S TO ! CURR5CY8 ,AT PRES5T IT IS =MALLY H&L$ BY A GOV]NM5TAL DEP>TM5T1 ) SPECIAL M9TS TO PRODUCE A PROP] AM\NT1 SUBJECT TO ! ECONOMIC & PSY*OLOGICAL TR5DS ( ! MOM5T4 ,IT IS ASSIGN$ COMM]CIAL VALUE 7BY MEANS ,I DO NOT PRET5D TO UND]/&71 :I* HAVE FLUCTUAT$ VIOL5TLY S9CE #a#i4 ,IT IS SUBJECT TO NATIONAL CONDITIONS1 I4E41 ! UNIT ( ,G]MAN CURR5CY IS A F> DIFF]5T ?+ FROM ! UNIT = ! ,U4,S4 

,)\T ! /ATE'S REGULATION1 H[ DO WE MANAGE8 ,>E ,PRIVATELY CONTROLL$ OR DIRECT$ AG5CIES ! SOLUTION8 ,H[ CAN MONEY BE H&L$ SOCIALI/ICALLY1 ) NO AU?ORITY BEH9D ! AG5CIES8 ,:AT %ALL BE ! /&>DS = CURR5CY1 & :AT %ALL DET]M9E ! MONEY-ECONOMY ( ANY >EA--NE$8 SPECIFI$ AM\NT P] P]SON1 OR FAMILY8 ! TYPE ( COMMODITY PRODUC$8 ,= SURELY A F>M+ >EA W\LD NOT NE$ VA/ EXP5DITURES ON FOOD/UFFS1 :]EAS 9 A COAL M9+ DI/RICT1 :]E SOIL IS VIRTUALLY NON-EXI/5T1 FOOD W\LD BE PLAC$ ON A HI< PREMIUM4 

--,J4,M4,C4 

,WE WELCOME ,J4,M4,C4'S LETT]4 ,IT 9DICATES AN 9T]E/ 9 \R IDEAS & GIVES US AN OPPORTUNITY TO DISCUSS SOME ( \R ECONOMIC CONCEPTS4 ,WE WANT TO ASSURE ,J4,M4,C4 ?AT NO QUE/ION T\*+ LIB]T>IAN PR9CIPLES IS 0TOO S5SITIVE0 TO BE TAK5 UP 9 \R PAGES4 

--,! ,$ITORS 

,WE CANNOT LEGISLATE = PO/]ITY OR DRAW UP A DETAIL$ BLUEPR9T1 P9PO9T+ EV]Y DETAIL ( A FUTURE ,LIB]T>IAN SOCIETY4 ,FIR/LY1 BECAUSE WE CANNOT =ESEE ! PROBLEMS & CIRCUM/ANCES ?AT FUTURE G5]ATIONS WILL HAVE TO CONT5D )4 ,SECONDLY1 BECAUSE WE DO NOT BELIEVE 9 REGULAT+ & LEGISLAT+ = O!R PEOPLE1 EI!R N[ OR 9 ! FUTURE4 7,! ,/ATE HAS BE5 DO+ ?IS ) DISA/R\S RESULTS & IT IS AGA9/ \R PR9CIPLES TO FOLL[ ITS EXAMPLE47 ,?IRDLY1 BECAUSE ! ESS5CE ( \R IDEAS IS ?AT PEOPLE CAN COOP]ATIVELY DECIDE H[ TO RUN !IR AFFAIRS BY FREE AGREEM5T4 ,H[EV]1 WE CAN1 AS /AT$ 9 ,:AT ,WE ,/& ,=1 :I* IS PR9T$ ON ! BACK PAGE ( ,VIEWS & ,COMM5TS1 09DICATE ! G5]AL L9ES ALONG :I* A SOLUTION TO !SE PROBLEMS CAN BE F\ND40 

,WE REJECT COMPLETELY ! CAPITALI/ ECONOMICS & ITS MONEY SY/EM4 ,PR(IT1 R5T1 9T]E/1 BUY+1 SELL+1 WAGES OR MONOPOLY 9 ANY =M1 %APE OR MANN]1 WILL BE ABOLI%$4 ,MONEY 9 A CAPITALI/ S5SE W\LD ALSO BE ABOLI%$4 ,ORIG9ALLY1 MONEY WAS A CONV5I5T WAY TO EX*ANGE COMMODITIES & ?AT IS ITS TRUE FUNCTION4 ,MONEY IS ! SYMBOL = COMMODITIES4 ,IT W\LD BE WOR?LESS IF WE C\LD NOT GET COMMODITIES = IT4 ,IT HAS NO 9TR9SIC VALUE4 ,IT NE$ NOT BE GOLD OR SILV]4 ,IT C\LD BE WAMPUM1 BUTTONS1 %OELACES OR ANY O!R COMMONLY AGRE$ UPON M$IUM4 ,TOBACCO1 = EXAMPLE1 WAS ACCEPT$ AS CURR5CY 9 JAILS & CONC5TRATION CAMPS4 ,WE C\LD LIVE )\T MONEY BUT NOT )\T GOODS & S]VICES4 

,9 AN ,AN>*I/ SOCIETY1 PROP]TY W\LD BE COMMONLY [N$ & COMMONLY %>$4 ,GOODS & S]VICES W\LD BE DI/RIBUT$ 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! PR9CIPLE ( 0,FROM EA* ACCORD+ TO HIS ABILITY & TO EA* ACCORD+ TO HIS NE$S40 ,! WEAL? ( SOCIETY IS ! PRODUCT ( COLLECTIVE EF=T & %\LD BE COLLECTIVELY %>$4 ,:]E GOODS >E PL5TIFUL !Y W\LD BE DI/RIBUT$ FREE4 ,:]E ! COMMODITIES >E SC>CE !Y W\LD BE EQUALLY RATION$4 ,9 A DI/ORT$ & LIMIT$ =M ?IS IS PRACTIC$ EV5 9 A CAPITALI/ SOCIETY4 ,9 MANY C\NTRY S*OOLS1 HOSPITALS & PLAYGR\NDS WAT] & O!R FACILITIES >E OP5 TO ALL1 :ILE SC>CE GOODS >E RATION$ 9 W> TIME4 

,CURR5CY1 :]E NE$$1 W\LD CONSI/ ( A C]TIFICATE OR TOK51 C]TIFY+ ?AT ! 9DIVIDUAL IS A PRODUCTIVE MEMB] ( A COMMUNITY1 OR SOME O!R COOP]ATIVE ASSOCIATION & IS !RE=E 5TITL$ TO %>E ITS B5EFITS4 ,?IS PR9CIPLE ALSO OP]ATES TO SOME EXT5T 9 CLUBS1 FRAT]NITIES1 LABOR UNIONS & A HO/ ( O!R VOLUNT>Y ORGANIZATIONS4 ,PRIVATELY CONTROLL$ AG5CIES WILL NOT DIRECT ! ECONOMY4 ,PEOPLE WILL1 ( C\RSE1 HAVE ! FULL FRE$OM TO ASSOCIATE = ANY PURPOSE1 PROVID+ ?AT !Y EXPLOIT NO ONE & DO NOT 9FR+E ON ! RI<TS ( O!RS4 ,!Y WILL ALSO BE FREE TO LEAVE OR JO9 ANY ORGANIZATION !Y WI%4 ,!Y W\LD BE FREE TO JO9 NO ORGANIZATION IF !Y >E WILL+ TO =EGO ! B5EFITS ?AT MEMB]%IP 9 A GR\P BE/[S4 

,PRODUCTION1 DI/RIBUTION1 COORD9ATION & ALL ! O!R ECONOMIC FUNCTIONS W\LD BE CONTROLL$ & DIRECT$ BY ! PEOPLE !MSELVES1 ORGANIZ$ 9 SYNDICATES1 PRODUC]S & CONSUM]S COOP]ATIVES1 TE*NICAL ASSOCIATIONS1 SCI5TIFIC BODIES & O!R ORGANIZATIONS F$]AT$ 9 COMMUNITIES ON A LOCAL1 REGIONAL1 NATIONAL & 9T]NATIONAL LEVEL4 ,! =M ( ORGANIZATION WILL DEP5D ON ! CONDITIONS & WILL BE DET]M9$ BY ! PEOPLE !MSELVES4 ,!Y WILL BE AS WIDE1 AS FLEXIBLE & AS V>I$ AS LIFE ITSELF4 ,!RE >E N[ 9 ?IS C\NTRY & ABROAD1 T5S ( ?\S&S ( USEFUL VOLUNT>Y ASSOCIATIONS ORGANIZ$ = EV]Y CONCEIVABLE PURPOSE1 F$]AT$ 9 A VA/ NETWORK ( LOCAL1 PROV9CIAL1 NATIONAL & 9T]NATIONAL BODIES1 \TSIDE ! ORBIT ( ! /ATE4 ,ANYONE CAN GIVE EXAMPLES BECAUSE ALMO/ EV]YBODY BELONGS TO ONE OR MORE VOLUNT>Y ORGANIZATION4 

,! NETWORK ( COMMUNITIES W\LD AGREE AMONG !MSELVES UPON A /&>D C]TIFICATE OR !Y C\LD AGREE TO ACCEPT EA* O!RS' C]TIFICATES4 ,!RE >E1 9 ?IS CASE TOO1 NUM]\S EXAMPLES ( ?IS PRACTICE4 ,BY >RANGEM5T1 A P]SON CAN ORD] FL[]S :I* WILL BE DELIV]$ TO ANYONE ANY:]E 9 ! WORLD1 BECAUSE ! 9T]NATIONAL ASSOCIATION ( FLORI/S AGRE$ TO HONOR EA* O!RS' ORD]S4 ,SIMIL> S]VICES >E PROVID$ = PEOPLE :O WI% TO R5T C>S1 TRAVEL1 COLLECT /AMPS1 OR PLAY *ESS4 ,)9 FACTORIES1 L>GE CORPORATIONS & COOP]ATIVES1 COMPLEX BUS9ESS OP]ATIONS >E CONDUCT$ )\T MONEY4 ,! CURR5CY IS ORD] BLANKS1 MEMOR&UMS1 OR O!R M$IUMS4 ,C\LD NOT ?IS PRACTICE1 DIVE/$ ( ITS P>ASITICAL OB/ACLES & 9FUS$ ) LIB]T>IAN E?ICAL IDEALS BE ADAPT$ 9 ! BUILD+ ( A NEW SOCIETY8 

,:]E NECESS>Y1 ! RELATIONS )9 & BETWE5 COMMUNITIES1 PRODUC]S & CONSUM]S ORGANIZATIONS & O!R BODIES1 W\LD BE COORD9AT$ BY SPECIAL AG5CIES4 ,IT W\LD BE A MATT] ( BOOKKEEP+ :I*1 9 VIEW ( ELECTRONIC COMPUT]S & O!R DEVICES1 W\LD BE RELATIVELY SIMPLE4 ,JU/ SU* AN AG5CY W\LD DIRECT ! SURPLUS FOOD/UFFS TO ! M9+ REGION & ! M9E PRODUCTS TO ! FOOD BELT4 

,LIB]T>IAN PR9CIPLES CAN BE APPLI$ 9 V>I\S SITUATIONS & TO V>I\S PROBLEMS1 SUCCESSFULLY4 ,?IS WAS DEMON/RAT$ BY ! ,LIB]T>IAN COLLECTIVES 9 ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION4 ,J4,M4,C4 & O!RS >E REF]R$ TO ! S]IES ( >TICLES 9 ,VIEWS & ,COMM5TS :I* TELL H[ !SE PROBLEMS W]E H&L$1 GIV+ ACTUAL EXAMPLES4 ,?IS & O!R MAT]IAL ON ! SUBJECT IS AVAILABLE FROM \R LIT]ATURE DEP>TM5T4 

 "9 "9 "9 

0,! GREAT & *IEF 5D ( M5444PUTT+ !MSELVES UND] GOV]NM5T1 IS ! PRES]VATION ( !IR PROP]TY40 

--,JOHN ,LOCKE 7,ON ,CIVIL ,GOV]NM5T7 

,PRACTICAL ,EXP]IM5TS ( ,\R ,TIME3 ,TWO ,COLLECTIVES 9 ,REVOLUTION>Y ,SPA9 

,ALCOY 

,ALCOY1 ! SECOND L>GE/ CITY 9 ! PROV9CE ( ,ALICANTE1 HAS A POPULATION ( #d#e11 & IS DEVOT$ 5TIRELY TO 9DU/RY & COMM]CE1 & ! PROPORTION ( WORK+ M5 & WOM5 IS V]Y HI<4 ,! MANUFACTURE & PREP>ATION ( CLO?S & FABRICS1 9 ,:I* L>GE NUMB]S ( WOM5 >E EMPLOY$1 IS ( GREATE/ IMPORTANCE1 FOLL[$ BY ! PAP] 9DU/RY4 

,\R MOVEM5T !RE HAS A LONG TRADITION1 DAT+ BACK TO ! BEG9N+S ( ,SPANI% AN>*ISM1 & HAS PASS$ ?R\< ALT]NATE P]IODS ( SUCCESS & DESPOND5CY4 ,IT RECEIV$ A NEW IMPULSE 9 #aiai AS A RESULT ( ! =MATION ( ! 0S9DICATOS UNICOS40 

,!RE W]E ALSO NUM]\S AN>*I/ GR\PS1 :I* 9 ADDITION TO !IR SYNDICALI/ ACTIVITIES1 USUALLY C>RI$ \T SPECIFICALLY AN>*I/ PROPAG&A & $UCATIONAL WORK1 ) GRATIFY+ RESULTS4 ,! P]IODICAL ,R$5CION1 A J\RNAL ( ADVANC$ E?ICAL & SOCIAL IDEAS1 HAD BE5 PUBLI%$ 9 ,ALCOY = FIVE YE>S4 ,IT HAD 9 FACT1 A HI<] PROPORTION ( MILITANT AN>*I/S 9 ITS POPULATION ?AN ANY CITY 9 ,SPA94 ,MO/LY Y\NG PEOPLE1 EXP]I5C$ 9 /UDY & /RUGGLE1 !Y HAD A DEEP UND]/&+ ( :AT ACTIONS W]E NECESS>Y4 

,9 ,FEBRU>Y #a#i#c#g1 ! ,C4,N4,T4 7AN>*O-SYNDICALI/7 HAD #a#g1 WORK+ M5 & WOM5 AS MEMB]S4 ,! ,U4,G4,T4 7SOCIALI/71 DESPITE ! SUPPORT ( ALL ! POLITICAL P>TIES1 ONLY HAD #c11 *IEFLY CIVIL S]VANTS & SMALL TRAD]S4 

,! SYNDICATES ( ! ,C4,N4,T1 W]E3 

,FOOD2 ,PAP] & C>DBO>D MANUFACTURE2 ,CON/RUCTION2 ,HYGI5E 7B>B]S1 LAUND]]S1 /REET-CLEAN]S72 ,TRANSPORT ,PUBLIC S]VANTS2 ,*EMICAL WORK]S2 ,PEASANTS2 ,COBBL]S & BOOTBLACKS2 ,TE*NICIANS2 ,L95 & CLO?+ WORK]S2 ,LIB]AL ,PR(ESSIONS 7S*OOL TEA*]S1 PA9T]S1 >TI/S1 WRIT]S1 ETC472 ,METAL WORK]S2 ,DRESSMAK]S4 ,! ACTIVITIES ( ALL !SE W]E CONTROLL$ BY ! ,C4,N4,T4 

,! CL>ITY ( IDEAS ?AT \R COMRADES POSSESS$ 5ABL$ !M TO ACT QUICKLY & VIGOR\SLY4 ,ALCOY DID NOT PASS ?R\< ! /AGE ( 9DEP5D5T FACTORY & WORK%OP COMMITTEES1 AS 9 MANY O!R LOCALITIES4 ,FROM ! V]Y BEG9N+ ! SYNDICATES DIRECT$ ! REVOLUTION>Y 9ITIATIVE 9 ALL ! 9DU/RIES4 ,?IS WAS 9 FACT ! MO/ COMPLETE EXAMPLE ONE C\LD F9D ( 0SYNDICALIZATION ( PRODUCTION40 

 "9 "9 "9 "9 

,ON ! #a#h? ,JULY1 #a#i#c#f1 ! NEWS ( ! FASCI/ (F5SIVE HAD ALREADY REA*$ ,ALCOY4 ,IT HAD BE5 EXPECT$ TO BREAK \T ANY MOM5T4 ,\R PRESS HAD D5\NC$ IT CON/ANTLY1 OV]COM+ ! PASSIV5ESS ( ! P>TIES & ! GOV]NM5T4 ,! TEXTILE WORK]S' SYNDICATE1 :I* HAD #d1 MEMB]S1 WAS NOT SATISFI$ ) ! ACTIONS ( ! TRADITIONALLY LIB]AL MUNICIPAL C\NCIL4 ,IT PRES5T$ TO BEG9 )1 SEV]AL 9JURIES .<SIC.>1 WORK]S' CONTROL1 WORK = ALL ! UNEMPLOY$4 ,! 9SURANCE & UNEMPLOYM5T PAY W]E 9TRODUC$ IMM$IATELY4 ,! EMPLOY]S W]E UNABLE ?IS TIME TO RESORT TO ! USUAL ME?ODS ( REPRESSION1 S9CE ! >M$ WORK]S OCCUPI$ ! /REETS & D5\NC$ ANY OPPOSITION TO !IR POSITION AS FASCI/4 

,9EVITABLY DISPUTES >OSE4 ,! EMPLOY]S DID NOT ACCEPT WORK]S' CONTROL AS ! SYNDICATES 9T5D$ IT4 ,= ! EMPLOY]S IT SIMPLY MEANT SUBMITT+ !IR ACC\NTS TO A COMMISSION NOM9AT$ BY ! WORK]S4 ,= ! SYNDICATES H[EV]1 IT MEANT ! GRADUAL TAK+ OV] ( ! ADM9I/RATION & ! PRODUCTION ( ! FACTORIES4 

,ON ! O!R H&1 ! PAYM5T ( ! WORK]S PRES5T$ GREAT DIFFICULTIES4 ,SOME ( ! FACTORIES HAD BE5 P>ALYZ$ IMM$IATELY BY ! CRISIS CAUS$ BY ! REVOLUTION4 ,O!RS1 AL?\< 9 WORK+ ORD]1 LACK$ ! RES\RCES NECESS>Y TO MA9TA9 WAGE PAYM5TS TO ALL ! WORK]S EMPLOY$4 ,?IS GAVE RISE TO A V]Y CURI\S SITUATION1 9 :I* ! EMPLOY]S HAD TO BORR[ MONEY FROM ! SYNDICATES 9 ORD] TO PAY ! WORK]S' SAL>IES4 

,! SYNDICATES !N NOM9AT$ A TE*NICAL COMMISSION ( CONTROL1 :I* AFT] RAPIDLY MAK+ 9QUIRIES1 PRES5T$ A REPORT 9 :I* IT WAS %[N ?AT ! TEXTILE 9DU/RY WAS 9 A /ATE ( P>ALYZES & IDL5ESS1 F9ANCIAL RU91 & ADM9I/RATIVE & TE*NICAL *AOS4 ,! COMMISSION ( CONTROL1 :I* WAS CON/ITUT$ ) ! 9T5TION ( SUP]VIS+ ! ACTIVITIES ( ! EMPLOY]S1 QUICKLY TRANS=M$ ITSELF 9TO A C\NCIL CONTROLL+ A TEXTILE 9DU/RY DIRECT$ & ADM9I/]$ BY ! WORK]S4 ,! EMPLOY]S HAD BE5 ELIM9AT$4 

,ON ,SEPTEMB] #a#d?1 ! SYNDICATE (FICIALLY TOOK POSSESSION ( #da TEXTILE WORKS1 #a SP9N+ MILLS1 #d DYE WORKS1 #e PROCESS+ FACTORIES1 #bd WOOL FACTORIES1 #bd L95 WORKS & #aa C>D+ %OPS1 :I* COMPRIS$ ! :OLE TEXTILE 9DU/RY 9 ,ALCOY4 ,ITS DAY-TO-DAY ACTIVITIES W]E DET]M9$ BY TWO S\RCES1 ON ! ONE H& ! FEEL+S ( ! WORK]S1 & ON ! O!R BY ! ORGANIZATION ( ! DIRECT+ COMMITTEE4 

,! TE*NICAL ORGANIZATION ( ! FACTORIES WAS DIVID$ 9TO FIVE SECTIONS4 ,EA* ( !SE NOM9AT$ A DELEGATE TO ! FACTORY COMMITTEE1 & !SE COMMITTEES JO9$ TOGE!R TO =M ! DIRECT+ COMMITTEE ( ! SYNDICATE4 ,9 ?IS WAY ! ORGANIZATION CORRESPOND$ TO ! DIVISION ( LABOR1 & ! 9T]NAL /RUCTURE ( ! 9DU/RY4 

,! REPRES5TATIVE ( !SE FIVE TE*NICAL DIVISIONS1 ( :I* ! TEXTILE 9DU/RY WAS COMPOS$1 ONLY =M$ HALF ( ! DIRECT+ COMMITTEE4 ,! O!R HALF CONSI/$ ( ! CONTROL COMMISSION M5TION$ ABOVE1 NOM9AT$ BY ! COMMITTEE ( ! SYNDICATE1 & ! FACTORY SECTIONS & RATIFI$ BY ITS ASSEMBLY4 

,UND] ! OLD ADM9I/RATIVE SY/EM PRACTIC$ ?R\<\T ,ALCOY1 ! BOOKKEEP+ WAS DONE 9 A DISGRACEFUL MANN]1 ) AB\T TW5TY OR TW5TY-FIVE PAGES RECORD+ EA* DAY'S TRANSACTIONS4 ,UND] ! NEW SY/EM H[EV]1 ALL ! OP]ATIONS ( EA* DAY W]E SET \T 9 A PAGE & A HALF4 

,ONLY RESUMES W]E PUBLI%$1 & ! DETAILS W]E RECORD$ 9 ACC\NTANCY BOOKS UND] ! HEAD+S3 ACQUISITIONS1 SALES1 MONEY RECEIV$1 MONEY PAID \T1 ACCEPTANCES1 RAW MAT]IALS1 MANUFACTURES1 W>EH\SES1 V>I\S4 

,9 ?IS VA/ ORGANIZATION1 :I* IF NOT RIGIDLY PLANN$1 WAS RATIONALIZ$1 ! SYNDICATE WAS ! SUPREME BODY4 ,ITS ASSEMBLIES GUID$ ! WORK ( ! TE*NICAL COMMITTEES4 ,?R\< ITS PRESID5T IT AU?ORIZ$ F9ANCIAL TRANSACTIONS1 & IT ASSUM$ JURIDICAL & SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY = EXPROPRIATION1 & = ADM9I/RATION 9 G5]AL4 ,IT FIX$ WAGES1 & 9 FACT COORD9AT$ ALL K9DS ( ACTIVITIES1 9 ! 9T]E/ ( ! COLLECTIVE4 

,AS WAS M5TION$ AT ! BEG9N+1 ! O!R 9DU/RIES W]E ORGANIZ$ ALONG SIMIL> L9ES3 COMPLETE ORGANIZATIONS 9 ! H&S ( ! SYNDICATES4 ,9 ! METALURGICAL WORKS ?AT ,I VISIT$1 WORK WAS PROCE$+ VIGOR\SLY1 UND] ! DIRECTION ( WORK]S' C\NCILS4 ,9 A FEW MON?S A NEW 9DU/RY HAD BE5 ORGANIZ$ 9 ,ALCOY1 )\T COMPETITION1 PRIVATE PR(IT1 OR CAPITALISM1 ALL ( :I* >E NECESS>Y1 ACCORD+ TO WRIT]S ( ECONOMIC TREATISES1 HAV+ PLAY$ ANY P>T AT ALL4 

,! ORGANIZATION ( PRODUCTION 9 ,ALCOY WAS TE*NICALLY P]FECT1 BUT ?AT ( DI/RIBUTION WAS 9COMPLETE4 ,! REASON = ?IS WAS ?AT 9 ?IS MATT] ! POLITICAL P>TIES DID NOT ALL SUPPORT COMPLETE SOCIALIZATION4 ,!Y OPPOS$ IT AS BE+ A TOO REVOLUTION>Y PROGRAM1 & CONSEQU5TLY ! COMM]CIAL TRAD]S1 :O HAD !MSELVES CREAT$ A CONTROL COMMISSION1 W]E ABLE TO C5TRALIZE ! TRADE 9 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS1 PAY+ ! PEASANTS !IR [N PRICES1 :I* GREATLY 9CREAS$ ! CO/ ( ! >TICLES4 ,! REPUBLICAN1 SOCIALI/ & COMMUNI/ POLITICIANS PREF] ?IS K9D ( SPECULATION 9 ! DEF5SE ( ! PEOPLE'S 9T]E/S4 

,E,L,D,A 

,FROM 0,NE ,FRANCO NE ,/AL94 ,LE COILETTVITA AN>*I*E SPAGNOLE NELLA ,NITTA CONTRA ,FRANCO E LA REAZIONE /AL9IANA0 BY ,GA/ON ,LEVAL4 7TRANSLAT$ BY ,P4,H47 

,SITUAT$ 9 ! PROV9CE ( ,ALICANTE1 ,ELDA IS A SMALL CITY ( #b#e1 9HABITANTS4 ,ITS BOAT-MAK+ & PAP] 9DU/RIES >E V]Y IMPORTANT1 & IT IS SURR\ND$ BY A F]TILE AGRICULTURAL BELT4 

,\R MOVEM5T1 :I* DATES BACK TO ! LA/ C5TURY1 HAS PLAY$ A DI/+UI%$ P>T 9 ! SYNDICALI/ /RUGGLE1 & ! AN>*I/ GR\PS HAVE ALSO BE5 ACTIVE4 ,/RIKES HAVE TAK5 PLACE1 SOME ( :I* HAVE HAD DEEP REVOLUTION>Y IMPLICATIONS & SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE4 ,! WORK]S 9 ! HOSI]Y FACTORIES HAVE SOMETIMES BE5 \T = ?REE MON?S 9 ORD] TO =CE ! RE9/ATEM5T ( A LOCK$-\T WORK]4 ,= ALMO/ ?REE-QU>T]S ( A C5TURY AN>*I/ P]IODICALS HAVE C>RI$ \T USEFUL PROPAG&A ACTIVITIES4 

,NATURALLY1 9 ?IS CITY ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T ASSUM$ A DEEP & PR(\ND *>ACT]4 ,FROM ! V]Y BEG9N+ ! COMRADES REALIZ$ ?AT SYNDICALI/ ACTIVITY BY ITSELF WAS 9SUFFICI5T TO SOLVE ! PROBLEMS ( SOCIAL LIV+4 ,UND] ! 9FLU5CE ( ! COMMUNALI/ T5D5CIES1 :I* HAVE ALWAYS BE5 PRES5T AMONG AN>*I/ IDEAS1 & AT ! SAME TIME RE/RA9$ BY ! NE$ = A UNIT$ ANTI-FASCI/ FRONT1 !Y IMM$IATELY JO9$ ! COMMUNAL C\NCIL4 ,! ,U4,G4,T4 7SOCIALI/7 WAS ALMO/ AS /RONG AS ! ,C4,N4,T4 7AN>*O-SYNDICALI/74 ,! TWO ORGANIZATIONS EA* HAD FIVE REPRES5TATIVES1 ! LEFT REPUBLICANS & ! DISSID5T SYNDICALI/ P>TY TWO EA*1 & ! COMMUNI/S ONE4 ,AS 9 ,GRANOLL]S & ,G]ONA1 ! *AIRMAN WAS ( ! ,C4,N4,T4 

,! COMMUNE ( ,ELDA1 LIKE O!RS1 WAS WEI<T$ D[N BY BUREAUCRATIC P>ASITES1 & FIR/ ( ALL ITS /RUCTURE HAD TO BE *ANG$4 

,A DEF5SE SECTION WAS =M$1 & ONE = PUBLIC $UCATION & G5]AL CULTURE4 ,O!RS LOOK$ AFT] LABOR1 AGRICULTURE1 HEAL?1 & SOCIAL S]VICES4 ,! SYNDICATES W]E ACTIVE1 BE+ 9 AGREEM5T ) ! COMMUNAL C\NCIL4 

,UP TILL ?AT TIME1 PUBLIC $UCATION HAD BE5 COMPLETELY NEGLECT$ BY ! LOCAL AU?ORITIES4 ,SIX MON?S AFT] ,JULY #a#i?1 TWO S*OOLS HAD BE5 BUILT1 ONE ) A CAPACITY = #d /UD5TS1 & ! O!R = #g4 ,O!RS W]E BE+ HURRI$LY GOT READY = *ILDR5 :O HAD BE5 EVACUAT$ FROM ,MADRID1 :O W]E LODG$ TEMPOR>ILY 9 ! LIB]T>IAN HALL & 9 ! HEADQU>T]S ( ! LOCAL SYNDICATES4 

,! MUNICIPALITY IMM$IATELY TACKL$ ! PROBLEM ( PUBLIC HEAL?4 ,! HOSPITAL WAS REORGANIZ$1 & ! S]VICES ( ?REE DOCTORS1 TWO ASSI/ANTS & TWO MIDWIVES W]E OBTA9$4 ,SEV]AL SANATORIUMS & CL9ICS W]E ALSO REORGANIZ$4 

 "9 "9 "9 

,( ! SEV5 ?\S& WORK]S EMPLOY$ 9 ! FACTORIES ( ,ELDA1 F\R ?\S& FIVE HUNDR$ BELONG$ TO ! ,C4,N4,T4 7FIVE MON?S LAT] ?IS FIGURE HAD RIS5 TO #e1#c#e74 #b1#h#e WORK]S HAD COMPLETELY SOCIALIZ$ ! DOZ5 MO/ IMPORTANT FACTORIES4 ,! O!RS HAD BE5 BR\<T UND] CONTROL4 

,EA* ( ! SOCIALIZ$ FACTORIES WAS DIVID$ 9TO SIX SECTIONS1 FIVE ( :I* CORRESPOND$ TO ! V>I\S /AGES ( MANUFACTURE1 & ONE TO ! /OREKEEP+4 ,EA* SECTION NAM$ A DELEGATE1 & !SE SIX =M$ ! FACTORY COMMITTEE1 :I* OP]AT$ 9 COOP]ATION ) ! TE*NICAL C\NCIL ( ! SYNDICATE1 :I* HAD TAK5 OV] ! G5]AL ORGANIZATION ( WORK4 

,9 ! NON-SOCIALIZ$ FACTORIES ! SYNDICATES EX]CIS$ C>EFUL CONTROL4 ,BUT ! FAILURE TO DO AWAY ) MONEY WAS A S]I\S OB/ACLE TO ! /ABILIZATION ( ! 5T]PRISES4 ,9 PRACTICE1 IT WAS ! FACTORY COMMITTEES ?AT ORGANIZ$ ! TE*NICAL & F9ANCIAL OP]ATIONS4 ,! ROLE ( ! EMPLOY]S WAS R$UC$ TO A M9IMUM4 ,H[EV]1 ! EFFICI5CY ( !SE CONTROLL$ FACTORIES WAS C]TA9LY LESS ?AN ?AT ( ! SOCIALIZ$ ONES4 

,9 ,ELDA & ! SURR\ND+ C\NTRYSIDE1 WAGES W]E RETA9$4 ,! TYPE ( ECONOMY MADE IT NECESS>Y TO C>RY ON TRADE ) O!R C5T]S :I* HAD NOT ALL BE5 SOCIALIZ$1 :I* IMPLI$ F9ANCE4 

,!RE WAS ALSO AN AGR>IAN COMMUNITY 9 ,ELDA4 ,SOME ( ! FIELDS BELONG$ TO SMALL HOLD]S4 

,! TWO AGR>IAN SYNDICATES ( ! ,U4,G4,T4 & ! ,C4,N4,T4 W]E 9 AGREEM5T AS TO ! REQUISITION+ ( ! E/ATES AB&ON$ BY ! FASCI/S4 ,AN ADM9I/RATIVE COMMISSION WAS NOM9AT$1 CONSI/+ ( DELEGATES ( ! TWO ORGANIZATIONS1 EA* ( :I* WAS AB\T #be /RONG4 ,?IS MET REGUL>LY4 

,N9ETY-?REE E/ATES HAD BE5 SOCIALIZ$4 ,!SE W]E DISP]S$ AMONG ! L&S ( 9DIVIDUAL PEASANTS & SMALLHOLD]S1 & CONSEQU5TLY ! L& WAS DIVID$ UP 9TO ?IRTE5 ZONES4 ,EA* HAD A DELEGATE1 :O KEPT ! ADM9I/RATIVE COMMISSION 9=M$ ( ! DATA NECESS>Y = ! ORGANIZATION ( ! AGRICULTURE4 ,! ?IRTE5 DELEGATES MET :5EV] NECESS>Y TO MAKE DECISIONS1 & TO >RANGE ) ! COMMITTEE AS TO ! NUMB] ( WORK]S REQUIR$ 9 ! V>I\S LOCALITIES4 ,! MEMB]S ( ?IS COLLECTIVE DID NOT WORK ALWAYS 9 ! SAME PLACE1 BUT MOV$ FROM PLACE TO PLACE ACCORD+ TO ! GREAT] OR LESS] URG5CY ( P>TICUL> WORK4 

,! G5]AL L9E ( POLICY WAS DECID$ BY ! ASSEMBLIES1 :I* HAD ! TASK ( >RANG+ ! PLAN ( WORK ) ! COMMITTEE1 & APPROV+ OR DISAPPROV+ ( ITS POLICY4 ,9 ?IS WAY1 C5TRALIZATION & ! DANG] ( A HI]>*Y W]E AVOID$4 

,! AGRICULTURAL COMMUNITY SET UP A DI/RIBUTION C5T]1 9 :I* PROVISIONS ( ! V>I\S TYPES ( PRODUCE W]E DEPOSIT$1 & FROM :I* ALL ! WORK]S C\LD TAKE !IR REQUIREM5TS4 ,! COLLECTIVE PROPOS$ TO SET UP O!RS AS SOON AS ITS RES\RCES P]MITT$4 ,!RE WAS A %ORTAGE ( WAT]4 ,! COLLECTIVE HAD MADE PLANS = ! S9K+ ( A WELL 9 ! NE> FUTURE4 ,IT REQUIR$ ! \TLAY ( #a1 PESETAS1 BUT AFT] ?AT EV]Y?+ W\LD HAVE BE5 EASI]4 

,FROM 0,NE ,FRANCO NE ,/AL94 ,LE COILETTVITA AN>*I*E SPAGNOLE NELLA ,NITTA CONTRA ,FRANCO E LA REAZIONE /AL9IANA0 BY ,GA/ON ,LEVAL4 7TRANSLAT$ BY ,P4,H47 

,! ,/UD5T 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ,TODAY 

,! FOLL[+ >TICLE IS A RESUME ( A PAMPHLET :I* WILL BE PUBLI%$ BY ! ,LIB]T>IAN ,LEAGUE 9 ! NE> FUTURE4 ,ANY SUGGE/IONS OR CRITICISMS MADE BY \R READ]S WILL BE TAK5 9TO CONSID]ATION BY ! AU?OR1 A GRADUATE /UD5T & COLLEGE 9/RUCTOR4 

,ONE ( ! CAUSES ( GREATE/ CONC]N TO ALL ?OSE 9T]E/$ 9 F9D+ A WAY \T ( ! CURR5T TR5D T[>D TOTALIT>IANISM 9 ?IS C\NTRY & 9 ! WORLD AS A :OLE IS ! APA!TIC ATTITUDE ( ! ,U4,S4 /UD5T T[>D SOCIAL PROBLEMS & HIS LACK ( 9ITIATIVE T[>D DO+ ANY?+ AB\T !M4 

,?IS PH5OM5ON IS L9K$ TO ANO!R1 EQUALLY S9I/]2 ! APA?Y ( ! ,AM]ICAN WORK] T[>D ! SAME PROBLEM4 ,! ATTITUDE ( ! WORK]S HAS BE5 DEALT ) EXT5SIVELY 9 !SE PAGES & 9 A PAMPHLET PUBLI%$ REC5TLY BY ! ,LIB]T>IAN ,LEAGUE1 ,E?ICS & ,AM]ICAN ,UNIONISM1 BY ,SAM ,WE9]4 ,H[EV]1 ! /UD5T PROBLEM IS JU/ AS COMPLEX1 & P]HAPS MORE AL>M+4 ,= :AT IS TO BECOME ( A C\NTRY :5 ! /UD5TS1 ?AT TRADITIONALLY REBELLI\S ELEM5T1 HAVE LO/ !IR IDEALISM & 9TELLECTUAL CURIOSITY8 ,:5 !Y >E CONT5T TO CON=M 9 !IR ROLES AS COGS 9 A VA/ BUREAUCRATIC MA*9E1 CLANK+ REL5TLESSLY T[>D A REGIM5T$ WORLD &_/OR ATOMIC DE/RUCTION8 ,?IS BODES ILL = ! FUTURE ( :AT %\LD BE ! C\NTRY'S 9TELLIG5TSIA & IS 9/EAD AN AMORPH\S GR\P ( CYNICAL (FICIAL PROPAG&I/S :O HAVE SOLD !IR 9TELLECTUAL 9TEGRITY = DUBI\S RESPECTABILITY4 

,?IS PH5OM5ON IS ALL ! MORE PUZZL+ :5 WE OBS]VE ?AT IT DOES NOT HOLD TRUE = /UD5TS 9 MO/ O!R C\NTRIES4 ,! /UD5TS ( ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA & SU* ,EUROPEAN C\NTRIES AS ,SPA9 & ,HUNG>Y >E AS SOCIALLY M9D$ & AS SOCIALLY ACTIVE AS !Y EV] W]E4 ,! ,HUNG>IAN /UD5TS W]E 9 ! VANGU>D ( !IR REVOLUTION4 ,SPANI% /UD5TS HAVE /AG$ MASSIVE DEMON/RATIONS & /RIKES 9 ,MADRID & ,B>CELONA AGA9/ ! REGIME ( ,DICTATOR ,FRANCO )9 ! LA/ FEW YE>S4 ,/UD5TS 9 ,>G5T9A & ,V5EZUELA W]E 9 L>GE P>T RESPONSIBLE = ! OV]?R[ ( ,DICTATORS ,P]ON & ,P]EZ ,JIM9EZ4 ,9 ,CUBA /UD5TS >E FI<T+ ) GUNS 9 !IR H&S AGA9/ ,DICTATOR ,BATI/A & >E 9DE$ ! BACKBONE ( ?AT REVOLT4 ,!SE >E ONLY A FEW ( ! MORE \T/&+ EXAMPLES ( /UD5T ACTION 9 C\NTRIES :I* HAVE REC5TLY OV]?R[N OR >E 9 ! PROCESS ( OV]?R[+ !IR DICTATORS4 ,& !Y >E MORE ?AN 5\< TO MAKE US FEEL ALL ! MORE KE5LY ! LACK ( SOCIAL CONSCI\SNESS AMONG ! /UD5TS ( ?IS C\NTRY4 

,?IS APA?Y CAN C]TA9LY NOT BE ASCRIB$ TO A LACK ( ANY?+ TO PROTE/ AB\T4 ,! FEW /UD5T PROTE/S DUR+ ! HEYDAY ( ,MC,C>?YISM W]E ! EXCEPTION RA!R ?AN ! RULE1 & YET IT WAS A P]IOD :5 EV]Y MORE OR LESS LIB]AL $UCATIONAL 9/ITUTION & 9DEP5D5TLY-M9D$ PR(ESSOR 9 ! C\NTRY WAS BE+ SUBJECT$ TO ! MO/ OP5 & %AMELESS CO]CION BY REACTION>IES4 ,/UD5TS HAVE FAIL$ TO RESPOND 9 ANY SIGNIFICANT NUMB]S TO AGITATION ON CAMPUSES AGA9/ ! CON/RUCTION & TE/+ ( ATOMIC WEAPONS4 ,EV5 ?\< !IR LIVES >E 9TIMATELY AFFECT$ BY MILIT>Y CONSCRIPTION1 ,AM]ICAN /UD5TS HAVE MEEKLY ACCEPT$ ?IS /ATI/ IMPOSITION & ALL ( ITS IMPLICATIONS ) REG>D TO ! EV] 9CREAS+ MILIT>IZATION ( ,AM]ICAN LIFE4 ,!RE HAVE BE5 NO /UD5T PROTE/S OV] ,AM]ICAN AID TO TOTALIT>IAN GOV]NM5TS :I* >E OPPRESS+ !IR FELL[ /UD5TS 9 O!R C\NTRIES1 EV5 :51 AS IS ! CASE ( ,JESUS DE ,GAL9DEZ ( ,COLUMBIA ,UNIV]SITY1 ONE ( !IR PR(ESSORS IS MURD]$ BY ONE ( ! MO/ BRUTAL DICTATORS ON E>?4 

,9 %ORT1 AT A TIME :5 ! ,AM]ICAN 9TELLECTUAL IS FAC$ BY A MORAL DECISION VITAL TO HIS FUTURE EXI/5CE1 ! ,AM]ICAN /UD5T IS SIL5T4 ,:Y8 ,IT IS PRECISELY ! PURPOSE ( ?IS WORK TO 9VE/IGATE ! CAUSES ( ?IS CONDITION & 9VE/IGATE WAYS ( C\NT]ACT+ IT4 

,IT %\LD BE SAID AT ! \TSET ?AT IT IS NOT BECAUSE ! ,U4,S4 /UD5T COMES FROM A HI<] SOCIAL CLASS ?AN HIS ,LAT9 ,AM]ICAN OR ,EUROPEAN C\NT]P>T1 BECAUSE ! REV]SE IS ACTUALLY ! CASE4 ,FROM ! PO9T ( VIEW ( ! ECONOMIC BACKGR\ND ( ! /UD5T IT W\LD SEEM ?AT ! ,U4,S4 /UD5T %\LD BE ! MO/ REBELLI\S ( ALL1 ,NOR IS IT BECAUSE ! ,U4,S4 /UD5T LACKS A NON-CON=MI/ BACKGR\ND4 ,ONE HAS ONLY TO CONSID] ! 9 T5SE ACTIVITY ( ,AM]ICAN /UD5TS 9 ! '#bS & '#cS TO SEE ?AT ?IS IS NOT ! CASE4 

,:AT !N IS ! EXPLANATION8 ,I BELIEVE ?AT WE MU/ LOOK = ! ANSW] 9 A COMPLEX ( P>TIAL FACTORS :I*1 :5 TAK5 AS A :OLE1 MAY ?R[ SOME LI<T ON ! PSY*OLOGY ( ! ,U4,S4 /UD5T ( TODAY4 ,&1 ONCE WE KN[ :Y ! CONDITION EXI/S1 WE HAVE GONE A LONG WAY T[>D ELIM9AT+ IT4 ,\TL9$ BRIEFLY1 !SE FACTORS >E3 

#a4 ,! BANKRUPTCY ( EXI/+ POLITICAL GR\PS4 ,!RE CAN BE NO D\BT ?AT ! COLOSSAL F>CE ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY & ITS V>I\S CAMPUS FRONTS HAS DONE A GREAT DEAL T[>D DISILLUSION+ ! ,AM]ICAN /UD5T ) SOCIAL ACTION4 ,HE IS SUSPICI\S1 AFRAID ( BE+ DECEIV$ 9TO SUPPORT+ A GR\P HE DOES NOT BELIEVE 94 ,H[EV]1 EV5 :5 HE /ILL FEELS LIKE 5GAG+ 9 SOME ACTIVITY1 HIS FIELD ( ACTIVITY IS EXTREMELY LIMIT$4 ,ON ! ONE H& HE HAS ! /UD5T ORGANIZATIONS ( ! ,TROTSKYITE ,SOCIALI/ ,WORK]S ,P>TY & ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY1 :I* HAVE DISCR$IT$ !MSELVES COMPLETELY BY !IR IMPLICIT OR EXPLICIT SUPPORT ( ! TOTALIT>IAN POLICIES ( ,RUSSIA 9 ! CASE ( ! ,S,W,P1 & ( ,5GL& & ,FRANCE 9 ! CASE ( ! ,S,P4 ,ON ! O!R H& HE HAS A NUMB] ( LIB]AL ORGANIZATIONS SU* AS ,S,A,N,E1 :I*1 AL?\< !Y >E WORK+ TO ATTA9 C]TA9 WOR?:ILE LIMIT$ GOALS1 SU* AS ! ELIM9ATION ( ATOMIC TE/S1 NEV]!LESS HAVE NO S\ND IDEOLOGICAL BASIS = !IR PROGRAMS & H5CE A*IEVE ABSOLUTELY NO?+4 ,H[EV]1 ?IS ISN'T ! :OLE EXPLANATION ( /UD5T APA?Y 9 ! ,U4,S41 BECAUSE 9 O!R C\NTRIES /UD5TS HAVE CREAT$ !IR [N ORGANIZATIONS :5 !Y EI!R C\LD NOT OR DID NOT WANT TO COLLABORATE ) O!R GR\PS4 

#b4 ,! G5]AL ATMOSPH]E ( APA?Y & COMPLAC5CY ?R\<\T ! C\NTRY4 ,/UD5TS1 JU/ AS ! O!R SEGM5TS ( SOCIETY1 CANNOT HELP BE+ AFFECT$ BY ! G5]AL ATMOSPH]E ( ?AT SOCIETY4 ,?IS IS NOT TO SAY ?AT !Y CANNOT REBEL AGA9/ !IR 5VIRONM5T1 BUT !Y >E 9EVITABLY AFFECT$ BY IT4 ,& 9 ?IS C\NTRY ! G5]AL ATMOSPH]E IS ONE ( COMPLAC5CY & CON=MITY1 FROM ! WORK+ CLASS ON UP4 ,9DE$1 ! 0B\RGEOISIFICATION0 ( ! ,U4,S4 WORK+ CLASS IS A G5]ALLY RECOGNIZ$ SOCIOLOGICAL PH5OM5ON1 & ! LACK ( ANY WIDESPREAD1 SOCIALLY-ORI5T$ REBELLION AMONG ! WORK]S HAS UND\BT$LY HAD S]I\S REP]CUSSIONS AMONG ! /UD5TS4 ,NOT ONLY >E ! /UD5TS UNABLE TO BASE !IR ACTIVITIES ON ANY SECTOR ( ! ,AM]ICAN RADICAL MOVEM5T1 BUT !Y >E NOT EV5 ABLE TO 9SPIRE !IR PROTE/S 9 ! DISCONT5T ( ! ,AM]ICAN WORK]S1 A DISCONT5T :I* 9CID5TALLY1 HAS EV]Y REASON TO EXI/ & IS GR[+ AT ?IS V]Y MOM5T4 

#c4 ,AN IMP]IALI/ M5TALITY4 ,H[EV]1 MORE F>-REA*+ EV5 ?AN ?IS ATMOSPH]E ( B\RGEOIS COMPLAC5CY IS :AT ,I BELIEVE TO BE A POSITIVELY IMP]IALI/ M5TALITY P]MEAT+ EV]Y /RATA ( ,AM]ICAN LIFE4 ,?IS IS NOT TO SAY ?AT ! MAJORITY ( ,U4,S4 /UD5TS >E 9 FAVOR ( ! IMP]IALI/IC =EIGN POLICIES ( ! GOV]NM5T1 BUT ,I DO BELIEVE ?AT !Y >E NOT ALTOGE!R DISPLEAS$ ) !IR C\NTRY'S POSITION ( DOM9ATION 9 ! WORLD TODAY4 ,I DON'T BELIEVE ?AT ! AV]AGE ,RUSSIAN /UD5T OR WORK] C\LD REPRESS A SMALL FEEL+ ( PRIDE :5 !IR C\NTRY LAUN*$ ! FIR/ SPACE SATELLITE1 OR ?AT ! AV]AGE ,AM]ICAN /UD5T OR WORK] CAN HELP FEEL+ SLI<TLY SELF-SATISFI$ :5 TOLD ?AT HIS C\NTRY IS ! MO/ ADVANC$ & P[]FUL 9 ! WORLD4 ,IT'S NO CO9CID5CE ?AT ! LEA/ REBELLI\S /UD5TS 9 ! WORLD TODAY >E TO BE F\ND 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 ,RUSSIA & ,5GL&1 ! MO/ IMP]IALI/IC C\NTRIES 9 ! WORLD4 ,NOR IS IT M]E CO9CID5CE ?AT ! MO/ REBELLI\S /UD5TS >E TO BE F\ND 9 ! C\NTRIES MO/ DIRECTLY UND] ! POLITICAL & ECONOMIC 9FLU5CE ( !SE P[]S & :I* >E REVOLT+ AGA9/ ?AT 9FLU5CE4 

,:AT CAN BE DONE AB\T ! SITUATION 9 ! LI<T ( !SE FACTORS8 ,AT FIR/ SI<T IT SEEMS DIFFICULT TO SEE ?AT ANY?+ CAN BE DONE1 ESPECIALLY :5 WE CONSID] ?AT ! LA/ TWO FACTORS CIT$ >E OBJECTIVE CONDITIONS AB\T :I* LITTLE CAN BE DONE BY ANY ONE GR\P4 

,H[EV]1 ! PICTURE IS NOT AS BLACK AS IT SEEMS4 ,JU/ AS OBJECTIVE CONDITIONS PRODUC$ ?IS /ATE ( AFFAIRS1 SO !RE >E P[]FUL OBJECTIVE =CES WORK+ AGA9/ IT4 ,TO ANYONE :O HONE/LY ANALYZES CONDITIONS 9 ! WORLD TODAY IT IS OBVI\S ?AT !RE >E SEV]E ECONOMIC & POLITICAL CRISES APPROA*+ :I* WILL ROCK \R PRES5T SOCIETY & ! SELF-SATISFI$1 COMPLAC5T ATTITUDE IT HAS CREAT$ TO !IR V]Y F\NDATIONS4 ,BL9D FAI? 9 ! LEAD]S ( ECONOMY & GOV]NM5T WILL BE MADE IMPOSSIBLE BY !SE EV5TS1 & NOT ONLY ! /UD5TS BUT ALL SECTORS ( ! POPULATION WILL HE RECEPTIVE TO ?OSE V]Y IDEAS = BUILD+ A BETT] WORLD :I* !Y N[ REJECT4 

,9 ADDITION1 !RE IS NO D\BT ?AT MORE & MORE /UD5TS >E ALREADY COM+ TO ! CONCLUSION ?AT ALL'S NOT WELL 9 ! WORLD1 & ?AT ! ANSW]S PROVID$ BY CAPITALISM ON ! ONE H& & BY ,RUSSIAN-BR& ,COMMUNISM ON ! O!R H& >E1 F> FROM SOLUTIONS1 ! CAUSES ( ! PRES5T DISA/R\S WORLD SITUATION4 ,TO !SE /UD5TS1 :O ALREADY REPRES5T A SIGNIFICANT =CE )9 ! /UD5T POPULATION1 BUT :O >E NOT MAK+ !MSELVES HE>D AT ! PRES5T TIME BECAUSE !Y >E DISORI5T$1 CONFUS$ & DISUNIT$1 WE LIB]T>IANS CAN (F] A POSITIVE SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY :I*1 F> FROM BE+ DISCR$IT$1 HAS BE5 AMPLY CONFIRM$ BY ! HI/ORY ( ! LA/ HUNDR$ YE>S4 ,WE CANNOT & W\LD NOT WANT TO GIVE !M A DOGMATIC SET ( BELIEFS 9TO :I* !Y W\LD HAVE TO SQUEEZE !IR [N IDEAS & CUT (F ! LOOSE 5DS4 ,! MOD]N /UD5T IS NOT 9T]E/$ 9 POLITICAL OR RELIGI\S DOGMATISMS1 HAV+ SE5 ! H>M !Y HAVE CAUS$ 9 ! WORLD4 ,H[EV]1 WE DO (F] !M A G5]AL PHILOSOPHY1 AN UNDOGMATIC1 SCI5TIFIC APPROA* TO ! GREAT PROBLEMS ( \R TIMES4 ,WE HAVE NO PLACE 9 \R MOVEM5T = UNQUE/ION+ CON=MITY2 WE ONLY WANT 9QUIR+ M9DS OP5 TO NEW1 D>+ AV5UES ( ?\<T4 ,WE BELIEVE ?AT AN ILLOGICAL IDEA OR !ORY :I* HAS BE5 DISPROV$ BY ACTUAL EV5TS %\LD BE DISP5S$ ) )\T FUR!R ADO4 ,WE ALSO BELIEVE ?AT ANY LESS SCI5TIFIC APPROA* LEADS 9EVITABLY TO /]ILITY & TOTALIT>IANISM4 ,\R ONLY USE = ! PA/ IS AS A GUIDE TO ! FUTURE1 NOT AS A DEAD H& :I* /IFLES ALL ORIG9ALITY4 

,?IS1 !N1 IS ! ROLE ( ! LIB]T>IAN AMONG ! /UD5TS ( ?IS C\NTRY AT ! PRES5T TIME3 TO GR\P TOGE!R & MAKE >TICULATE ! MO/ REBELLI\S & PROGRESSIVE ELEM5TS 9 \R SOCIETY4 ,ONLY ?US CAN ! /UD5TS BREAK ?R\< !IR B>RI] ( SIL5CE & HOPELESSNESS & BECOME A POSITIVE =CE WORK+ = SOCIAL *ANGE1 ! ONLY PA? BY :I* \R SOCIETY CAN PREV5T ! DISA/]S :I* >E REL5TLESSLY APPROA*+4 ,& ( !SE DISA/]S ! WOR/ IS 9TELLECTUAL & MORAL SLAV]Y4 

,TR5DS 9 ,LABOR 

,! TR5D 9 ! LABOR MOVEM5T IS T[>D BIGG] UNIONS4 ,! BIG UNIONS WILL NOT RECRUIT ADDITIONAL MEMB]%IP FROM ! MILLIONS ( UNORGANIZ$4 ,9/EAD !Y WILL GR[ BY ABSORB+ ! MORE ?AN #b SMALL] UNIONS4 ,AN ALLIANCE IS N[ 9 ! MAK+ :I* W\LD 9CLUDE ALL TRANSPORTATION WORK]S ON L&1 SEA & AIR1 ) A MEMB]%IP ( AT LEA/ ?REE & A HALF MILLION4 ,! PROMOT]S >E ,JAMES ,H(FA ( ! ,TEAM/]S1 ,WILLIAM ,BRADLEY ( ! LONG%OREM5 & ,JAMES ,CURRAN ( ! ,NATIONAL ,M>ITIME ,UNION4 ,PAUL ,HALL ( ! ,SEAF>]S ,UNION & ,H>RY ,BRIDGES ( ! ,WE/ ,COA/ LONG%OREM5 >E FAVORABLY DISPOS$ T[>D ! ALLIANCE4 

,REU!R'S ,UNIT$ ,AUTO ,WORK]S HAS CONCLUD$ A PACT ) ! MA*9I/S TO WORK TOGE!R AS A UNIT 9 NEGOTIATIONS ) AIRCRAFT COMPANIES4 ,JOHN ,L4 ,LEWIS'S ,DI/RICT #e 9CLUDES CON/RUCTION WORK]S1 TELEVISION & RADIO 5G9E]S &1 ( C\RSE1 COAL M9]S4 ,! ,TEAM/]S HAVE ORGANIZ$ (FICE WORK]S1 FOOD H&L]S & PROCESSORS1 & EV5 REAL-E/ATE SALESM54 

,! REASONS = ?IS >E V>I\S4 ,! EMPLOY]S PREF] ONE CONTRACT ) ONE UNION TO DEAL+ ) A BUN* ( SMALL UNIONS4 ,YE>S AGO1 WORK]S W\LD FACE ! BOSS & TELL HIM :AT !Y WANT$1 REA* AN AGREEM5T OR GO ON /RIKE4 ,N[ ?+S >E DIFF]5T4 ,! COMPLEX LAWS & REGULATIONS REQUIRE L>GE TE*NICAL & LEGAL /AFFS4 ,?IS CO/S MORE MONEY ?AN ! SMALL] UNIONS CAN AF=D4 ,SOON] OR LAT] !Y >E =C$ TO GO TO ! BIG UNIONS1 ) BIG TREASURIES = HELP4 ,?IS DRIVES !M CLOS] & MAKES IT EASI] = ! BIG FI% TO SWALL[ ! SMALL ONE4 ,! ,9DU/RIAL ,UNION ,DEP>TM5T 7,I4,U4,D47 ( ! ,A,F,L-,C,I,O1 = EXAMPLE1 (F]S ?IS S]VICE = ITS SMALL] UNIONS4 ,ONE (FICIAL EXPLA9S1 0,MANY ( \R AFFILIAT$ UNIONS >5'T BIG 5\< TO MAT* ! TE*NICAL ASSI/ANCE >RAY$ ACROSS ! B>GA9+ TABLE FROM !M40 ,SOME ( ! S]VICES >E TE*NICAL ADVICE ON P5SION PLANS1 HEAL? & WELF>E PROGRAMS1 LEGISLATIVE RESE>*1 LEGAL AID1 TRA9+ (FICIALS & PUBLIC RELATIONS4 ,! ,I4,U4,D4 SAYS ?AT IT WILL NOT 9T]F]E ) ! AUTONOMY ( ! UNIONS US+ ITS S]VICES1 BUT !Y BO? HAVE ! FOOT 9 ! DOOR4 ,! ADVANTAGES = ! SMALL UNIONS >E OBVI\S1 ! CONNECTIONS >E CLOS]1 & SOON] OR LAT] !Y >E B\ND TO AMALGAMATE4 

,! DIRECTION ( 9DU/RIAL DEVELOPM5T MAKES IT NECESS>Y = UNIONS TO AMALGAMATE1 NOT ONLY ON AN 9DU/RIAL1 BUT ON AN 9T]-9DU/RIAL BASIS4 ,FROM ! ,WALL ,/REET ,J\RNAL 7,FEB4 #a#d1 #a#i#e#h7 WE EXTRACT ! FOLL[+ EXPLANATION ( ?IS TR5D3 

,PR(4 ,M>K ,L4 ,KAHN ( ,DETROIT'S ,WAYNE ,UNIV]SITY HAS MADE A /UDY ( LONG-RANGE UNION TR5DS & CONCLUDES1 0! /REAM ( RAW MAT]IALS1 NEW PROCESSES ( MANUFACTURE & NEW PRODUCTS CONT9U\SLY UPSETS E/ABLI%$ JURISDICTIONAL B\ND>IES444?IS MAKES = MULTI-9DU/RY UNIONISM40 ,9 O!R WORDS1 FEW] BUT BIGG] UNIONS4 

,PR(4 ,KAHN1 9 SUPPORT ( ! BIGG] UNIONS !SIS1 NOTES ! 0RA% ( BILAT]AL 9T]-UNION AGREEM5TS DUR+ ! PA/ DECADE COV]+ JURISDICTIONAL PROBLEMS1 JO9T ACTION 9 ORGANIZ+ OR B>GA9+1 & NO RAID+40 ,HE >GUES ?AT UNIONS W\LD FACE 9CREAS+ TR\BLE TRY+ TO /ICK TO OLD IDEAS ( JURISDICTIONAL L9ES4 

,PR(ESSOR ,KAHN'S PO9T IS WELL TAK54 ,?AT C\LD BE BETT] !N ! ABOLITION ( ! OLD B>RI]S TO SOLID>ITY ( ! WORK+ CLASS AGA9/ ! CONC5TRAT$ MI<T ( ! EMPLOY]S8 ,IT W\LD BE P]FECT1 EXCEPT ?AT ! 9CREAS$ P[] ( ! UNION W\LD NOT REMA9 9 ! H&S ( ! WORK]S1 BUT W\LD ONLY ADD TO ! ALREADY GREAT P[] ( ! LEAD]%IP4 ,:AT ! LEAD]%IP DOES ) ITS P[] IS WELL KN[N EV5 TO SUP]FICIAL /UD5TS ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T4 ,IT IS US$ BY ! EMPLOY]S TO ROB ! WORK]S ( ! FRUITS ( ! 9CREAS$ UNITY4 ,WE KN[ ?AT 9 ,ITALY1 ,>G5T9A1 ,G]MANY & ,RUSSIA1 ! FEW] & BIGG] UNIONS DID NOT B5EFIT ! WORK]S4 ,!Y TURN$ \T TO BE AN EFFICI5T CLUB ) :I* TO BEAT D[N ! MEMB]%IP & PREV5T OPPOSITION4 ,?IS CAN HAPP5 H]E4 ,WE KN[ ?AT ! LEAD]%IP ( !SE UNIONS >E BUS9ESS UNIONI/S :O BELIEVE 9 COOP]AT+ ) ! EMPLOY]S4 ,WE KN[ ALSO ?AT CORRUPT LEAD]S LIKE ,JAMES ,H(FA1 :O ASPIRE TO EV5 GREAT] P[] >E NOT GO+ TO USE IT 9 ! 9T]E/S ( ! WORK]S4 

,SAL ,H(FMAN1 PRESID5T ( ! ,UPHOL/]]S ,UNION1 VOICES REASONABLE OBJECTIONS TO ! C5TRALIZATION ( P[]4 ,9 A LETT] TO ,WALT] ,REU!R HE OBJECT$ TO ! WAY ! ,I4,U4,D4 H&LES ORGANIZATIONAL DISPUTES4 ,! SAME ISSUE ( ! ,WALL ,/REET ,J\RNAL M5TION$ BE=E QUOTES HIM3 

0,IF UNLIMIT$ MONOPOLY & CONC5TRATION 9 ! H&S ( A FEW IS BAD 9 9DU/RY1 IS IT ANY BETT] 9 ! FIELD ( ORGANIZ$ LABOR8 ,OBVI\SLY ?IS TYPE ( PROVISION WILL RESULT 9 A R$UCTION 9 ! NUMB] ( UNIONS & AN 5ORM\S 9CREASE 9 ! P[] ( ! ALREADY P[]FUL UNIONS40 

,IF ,H(FMAN W\LD *ANGE ! LA/ ?REE WORDS TO READ 0ALREADY P[]FUL UNION LEAD]S0 HE W\LD BE EXACTLY RI<T4 ,! WORK]S CAN CONTROL !IR UNIONS & 9CREASE !IR SOLID>ITY1 )\T H&+ OV] !IR ORGANIZATIONS TO A FEW P[]-MAD DICTATORS4 ,IF ?IS IS NOT SO !N FRE$OM IS A LIE & ALL ! TOTALIT>IANS 9 HI/ORY W]E RI<T4 

,SUP]FICIAL REM$IES WILL NOT CURE ! SICK LABOR MOVEM5T4 ,A REVOLUTION>Y *ANGE WILL HAVE TO TAKE PLACE 9 ! ATTITUDE ( ! M5 9 ! %OPS4 ,ONLY ! REVOLT ( ! WORK]S ON A MASSIVE SCALE IS ABLE TO COPE ) ! IMM5SE P[] ( ! LABOR FAK]S & !IR ALLIES4 ,NO?+ LESS ?AN A NEW TYPE ( LABOR ORGANIZATION 9SPIR$ BY G5U9E WORK+ CLASS PR9CIPLES & TACTICS WILL DO4 ,SU* A MOVEM5T WILL NOT DEAL ) ITS 5EMIES ON !IR T]MS & CONDITIONS4 ,! WORK]S WILL *OOSE !IR [N FIELD ( BATTLE & WILL USE !IR [N TE/$ WEAPONS4 ,:5 !Y DO VICTORY WILL COME6 

,FROM ,! ,LIB]T>IAN ,BOOK%ELF3 

,! FOLL[+ ,ITEMS >E N[ AVAILABLE FROM ! ,LEAGUE3 

,C,O,M,M,U,N,I,S,M ,& ,! ,S,P,A,N,I,% ,C,I,V,I,L ,W,> BY ,DAVID ,CATTELL 7H>D COV]7 @s#c4#e 

,AN EXTREMELY OBJECTIVE BOOK ON A HI<LY CONTROV]SIAL SUBJECT4 

,9 ,! ,/,R,U,G,G,L,E ,= ,E,Q,U,A,L,I,T,Y BY ,B4 ,YEL5SKY 7H>D COV]7 @s#b4#e 

,! /ORY ( ,! ,AN>*I/ ,R$ ,CROSS 

,E,?,I,C,S ,& ,A,M,],I,C,A,N ,U,N,I,O,N,I,S,M BY ,SAM ,WE9] 7PAMPHLET7 @s4#a 

,L,I,B,],T,>,I,A,N ,L,E,A,G,U,E ,F,9,A,N,C,I,A,L ,R,E,P,O,R,T 

,J,U,N,E 

,E,X,P,5,S,E,S3 

,PRESS ,PAYM5T @s #c4 

,(FICE ,EQUIPM5T 4#e 

,UPKEEP ( ,LIB]T>IAN ,C5T] #h4#i#g 

,TELEPHONE444 #a#d4#e#d 

,ELECTRICIAN4 #a#a4#b 

,PLUMB] #a4 

,TOTAL EXP5SES3 @s#c#b#g4#b#a 

,9,C,O,M,E3 

,DONATIONS #f#b4 

,=UMS #c4#e#e 

,D9N] #d#h4#h 

,TOTAL 9COME3 @s#a#d#a4#c#e 

,DEFICIT = ,MAY @s #d#c#h4#f#g 

,DEFICIT = ,JUNE #a#h#e4#h#f 

,TOTAL ,DEFICIT @s#f#b#d4#e#c 

,:AT ,WE ,/& ,= 

,TWO GREAT P[] BLOCS /RUGGLE = WORLD DOM9ATION4 ,NEI!R ( !SE REPRES5TS ! TRUE 9T]E/S & WELF>E ( ,HUMANITY4 ,!IR CONFLICT ?REAT5S MANK9D ) ATOMIC DE/RUCTION4 ,UND]LY+ BO? ( !SE BLOCS >E 9/ITUTIONS ?AT BRE$ EXPLOITATION1 9EQUALITY & OPPRESSION4 

,)\T TRY+ TO LEGISLATE = ! FUTURE WE FEEL ?AT WE CAN 9DICATE ! G5]AL L9ES ALONG :I* A SOLUTION TO !SE PROBLEMS CAN BE F\ND4 

,! EXPLOITATIVE SOCIETIES ( TODAY MU/ BE REPLAC$ BY A NEW LIB]T>IAN WORLD :I* WILL PROCLAIM--,EQUAL FRE$OM = ALL 9 A FREE SOCIALI/ SOCIETY4 0,FRE$OM0 )\T SOCIALISM LEADS TO PRIVILEGE & 9JU/ICE2 0,SOCIALISM0 )\T FRE$OM IS TOTALIT>IAN4 

,! MONOPOLY ( P[] :I* IS ! /ATE MU/ BE REPLAC$ BY A WORLD-WIDE F$]ATION ( FREE COMMUNITIES1 LABOR C\NCILS &_/OR COOP]ATIVES OP]AT+ ACCORD+ TO ! PR9CIPLES ( FREE AGREEM5T4 ,! GOV]NM5T ( M5 MU/ BE REPLAC$ BY A FUNCTIONAL SOCIETY BAS$ ON ! ADM9I/RATION ( ?+S4 

,C5TRALISM1 :I* MEANS REGIM5TATION FROM ! TOP D[N1 MU/ BE REPLAC$ BY F$]ALISM1 :I* MEANS COOP]ATION FROM ! BOTTOM UP4 

,! ,L,I,B,],T,>,I,A,N ,L,E,A,G,U,E WILL NOT ACCEPT ! OLD SOCIO-POLITICAL CLI*ES1 BUT WILL BOLDLY EXPLORE NEW ROADS :ILE EXAM9+ ANEW ! OLD MOVEM5TS1 DRAW+ FROM !M ALL ?AT :I* TIME & EXP]I5CE HAS PROV5 TO BE VALID4 

,L,I,B,],T,>,I,A,N ,C,5,T,] 

#hf ,EA/ #a? ,/4 7BETWE5 ,?IRD & ,F\R? ,AVES47 

,N,E,W ,Y,O,R,K ,C,I,T,Y 

,R,\,N,D ,T,A,B,L,E ,Y,\,? ,D,I,S,C,U,S,S,I,O,N,S ,E,V,],Y ,F,R,I,D,A,Y ,A,T #h 

,D9N] & SOCIAL ON ! ?IRD ,SATURDAY ( EV]Y MON? AT #g3#c ,P,M 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JULY #c#a1 #aieh 3 ,VIEWS @& ,COMM5TS #c -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,APRIL #b#d1 #bb 3 ,VIEWS @& ,COMM5TS #c -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #d1 #bbb 3 ,VIEWS @& ,COMM5TS #c -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/