,VIEWS @& ,COMM5T #bi 

#aieh 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,LIB]T>IAN ,LEAGUE 

,TEXT 3 

,A MON?LY PUBLICATION ( ,! ,LIB]T>IAN ,LEAGUE 

,ADDRESS ALL CORRESPOND5CE TO 

,VIEWS & ,COMM5TS 

,P,O ,BOX #b#f#a1 ,COOP] ,/ATION 

,NEW ,YORK #c1 ,N4,Y4 

,SUBSCRIPTIONS3 #ab ISSUES = @s#a -- S+LE COPIES3 #a C5TS 

,VIEWS & ,COMM5TS IS PR9T$ & PUBLI%$ 5TIRELY BY VOLUNT>Y LABOR4 

,CONT5TS 

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,FROM ! ,$ITORS 

,Y\ WILL NOTE ?AT ?IS ISSUE IS DELAY$ AGA9--?\< A LITTLE L>G] ?AN USUAL4 ,IT'S P>TIALLY DUE TO ! SAME OLD COMPLA9T--LACK ( MONEY4 ,BUT WE'VE ALSO HAD ! JOB & EXP5SE ( RELOCAT+ ! ,NEW ,YORK ,LIB]T>IAN ,C5T] TO A NEW & 7WE HOPE7 BETT] LOCATION4 ,SEE ! BACK COV] = ! ADDRESS2 \T-(-T[N VISITORS >E ALWAYS WELCOME4 

,ALSO PLEASE NOTE ?AT ALL MAIL = ! ,LIB]T>IAN ,LEAGUE1 ! ,C5T] OR ,VIEWS & ,COMM5TS %\LD BE DIRECT$ TO ! PO/ (FICE BOX ADDRESS ON ! MAS!AD4 

,! PLAGUE ( ?IS FUDDL$ F9ANCIAL SY/EM WE LIVE UND] HAS SL[$ ?AT LONG-PROMIS$ UNION PAMPHLET D[N BUT IT'S COM+ (F ! PRESS N[4 ,SEE ! ,L,I,B,],T,>,I,A,N ,B,O,O,K,%,E,L,F4 ,! CO/ IS T]RIBLY HI<--EV5 ) LABOR DONAT$ WE /ILL HAVE TO BUY PAP]1 NEGATIVES1 PLATES1 9K1 *EMICALS1 ETC4 

,BESIDES MONEY 7SIC7 WE'RE ALSO 9T]E/$ 9 PEOPLE TO CONTRIBUTE MAT]IAL = ,V,I,E,W,S ,& ,C,O,M,M,5,T,S4 ,LIKE A LOT ( O!R J\RNALS WE'RE LOOK+ = SOME?+ NEW--BUT UN=TUNATELY WE DON'T (T5 F9D IT4 ,WE CAN'T (F] MONEY--WE CAN'T EV5 (F] SURE PUBLICATION BUT IF Y\ CAN WRITE & HAVE SOME?+ TO SAY1 WE'D LIKE TO HE> FROM Y\4 

,DEPT4 ( ,EXTREMELY ,R$ ,$ITORIAL ,FACES3 ,LA/ ISSUE WE RAN A TRANSLATION ( A POEM BY ,AIKI*I ,KUBOYAMA 7P4 #a#f7 ?AT WAS ATTRIBUT$ TO ! ,G]MAN ,LIB]T>IAN ,MON?LY ,B,E,F,R,E,I,U,N,G1 :I* IS :]E \R TRANSLATOR F\ND IT4 ,DAVID ,MAC,REYNOLDS1 ,$ITORIAL ,SECRET>Y ( ,L,I,B,],A,T,I,O,N 9=MS US ?AT ! POEM ORIG9ALLY APPE>$ !RE1 9 ! ,SEPTEMB]1 #aieg ISSUE4 ,HE NOTES ?AT WE %\LD READ ,L,I,B,],A,T,I,O,N MORE C>EFULLY :I*--COME TO ?9K ( IT--ISN'T A BAD IDEA = ANYBODY4 ,IF Y\'RE 9T]E/$ ! ADDRESS IS3 ,L,I,B,],A,T,I,O,N1 #aa ,*RI/OPH] ,/41 ,NEW ,YORK #a#d1 ,N4,Y4 & SUBSCRIPTIONS >E @s#a A YE> 7MON?LY PUBLICATION74 ,MONEY WELL SP5T 9 \R OP9ION4 

,! ,SOCIAL ,IMPACT ,( ,! ,RECESSION 

,ECONOMIC J\RNALI/S & /ATI/ICIANS HAVE DEPICT$ ! EXT5T ( ! ,AM]ICAN ECONOMIC SLUMP 9 T]MS ( FIGURES1 & 9 SPECIALIZ$ ECONOMIC T]M9OLOGY :I* CAN BE UND]/OOD ONLY BY ?OSE :O >E SPECIALLY TRA9$4 ,)\T UND]E/IMAT+ ! IMPORTANCE ( /ATI/ICS & ECONOMIC ANALYSIS1 ! FACT /ILL REMA9S ?AT ! EFFECT & WELF>E ( ! WORK]S MO/ EFFECT$ BY ! WORK+S ( CAPITALI/ ECONOMICS IS OBSCUR$ BY ! CALCULATIONS ( ! SPECIALI/S4 ,! WORK]S & !IR DEP5D5TS KN[ NO?+ ( =MAL ECONOMICS1 BUT !Y >E =C$ TO TRANSLATE COLD NUMB]S 9TO HUMAN & 9TIMATE SUFF]+S4 

,WE SEE & FEEL ! EFFECTS ( ! RECESSION ALL >\ND US1 AMONG \R FRI5DS & NEI<BORS AS WELL AS 9 \R [N LIVES4 ,IT IS REFLECT$ 9 ! NEWS1 & AL?\< SPECIAL >TICLES AB\T :AT ! SLUMP IS DO+ TO PEOPLE >E NOT 5C\RAG$ BY ! CAPITALI/ PRESS1 !Y DO SOMETIMES ACCID5TALLY 0LET ! CAT \T ( ! BAG40 

,FROM ! ,N,Y ,TIMES ( ,MAY #e? OR #f? & ! ,WALL ,/REET ,J\RNAL ( ,APRIL #b#c1 WE GA!R SOME EXTREMELY 9T]E/+ 9=MATION AB\T ! CATA/ROPHIC RESULTS ( ! ECONOMIC 0DECL9E40 

,! ,TIMES >TICLE IS HEAD$3 0,I,M,P,A,C,T ,( ,S,L,U,M,P ,O,N ,F,A,M,I,L,Y ,C,I,T,$40 ,IT DEALS ) ! REPORTS ( SOCIAL WORK]S & COMMUNITY WELF>E BODIES4 ,! PRESID5T ( ! ,COMMUNITY ,S]VICE ,SOCIETY1 ,RI*>DSON ,DILWOR?1 9 DISCUSS+ ! EMOTIONAL IMPACT ( UNEMPLOYM5T1 CALLS ! 9CREAS+ APPLICATIONS = HELP A 0PSY*OLOGICAL EM]G5CY40 ,! DECL9E ( ! LIV+ /&>DS ( L[ 9COME FAMILIES CAUS$ 9CREAS$ M>ITAL CONFLICT1 CLI5TS COME TO ! AG5CY 0AT ! 5D ( !IR ROPE ECONOMICALLY & EMOTIONALLY40 ,!Y >E !N REF]R$ TO ! ,WELF>E ,DEP>TM5T4 ,:5 ?IS HAPP5S DEEP PSY*OLOGICAL & ECONOMIC ADJU/M5TS MU/ BE MADE4 ,:AT !Y >E IS SUMM>IZ$ 9 ! >TICLE4 

0,!SE PROBLEMS 9CLUDE ! PREP>ATION ( A MAN = ! NECESSITY ( TAK+ A LESS] JOB & ! DISAPPO9TM5T 9VOLV$ 9 BE+ TURN$ D[N REPEAT$LY 9 HIS JOB SE>*4 ,HE SAID ?AT 9 MANY CASES ! FEEL+ AGA9/ SEEK+ PUBLIC ASSI/ANCE HAD BE5 SO /RONG ?AT C\NSELORS HAD HAD TO HELP FAMILIES OV]COME !IR DREAD ( GO+ TO ! ,DEP>TM5T ( ,WELF>E40 

,! ,WALL ,/REET ,J\RNAL IS1 ( C\RSE1 MO/ CONC]N$ ) ! EFFECTS ( ! DEPRESSION ON PR(ITS & ON ! LIV+ CONDITIONS ( ! PLUTOCRATS & !IR HI< 9COME FLUNKIES4 ,?US3 

0,LA/ ,DECEMB]1 A @s#d1-A-YE> ,NEW ,YORK ADV]TIS+ EXECUTIVE RECEIV$ SOME UNN]V+ NEWS3 ,HIS USUAL @s#e1 YE>-5D BONUS WAS BE+ OMITT$4 

0',! COMPANY WAS CUTT+ D[N ON ITS CO/S1' RELATES PSY*OANALY/ ,H>RY ,G]%MAN1 'BUT MY PATI5T TOOK IT P]SONALLY4 ,HE W5T 9TO A TAILSP94' 

0,TO PULL HIM \T ( HIS DESPOND5CY1 ,DR4 ,G]%MAN PRODD$ HIM 9TO TELL+ :AT HE PLANN$ TO DO ) ! BONUS4 

,A ,TRIP TO ,PAKI/AN 

0',HE TOLD ME1' ,DR4 ,G]%MAN SAYS1 '?AT HE WAS GO+ TO BUY HIS WIFE ANO!R M9K COAT & ?AT !Y W]E GO+ TO TAKE A TRIP TO ,PAKI/AN BECAUSE !Y HAD BE5 ALL OV] ,EUROPE ALREADY4 ,:5 WE F9ALLY TALK$ IT \T1 HE REALIZ$ HE'D BE5 LIV+ ) A SET ( T9SEL VALUES & HE S9CE HAS CUT D[N ON HIS :OLE SCALE ( EXTRAVAGANT LIV+4'0 

,WE W\LD NOT BO!R QUOT+ ! >TICLE IF IT DEALT ONLY ) ! CASE ( ! DISAPPO9T$ EXECUTIVE4 ,IT IS AXIOMATIC ?AT WEAL? & P[] CORRUPTS ! RUL]S AS WELL AS ! RUL$4 ,H[EV]1 ! >TICLE DEALS ) ! SUFF]+S ( L[ 9COME & MIDDLE CLASS PEOPLE ALSO4 ,AS SU*1 ! ,WALL ,/REET ,J\RNAL UN9T5TIONALLY GIVES ! PICTURE ( AN 9FECT$ SOCIAL SY/EM4 ,H]E >E SOME ( ! FACTS TO ILLU/RATE ?IS PO9T4 

0,TALKS ) SOCIOLOGI/S1 POLICE (FICIALS1 WELF>E WORK]S1 PSY*IATRI/S & BUS9ESS EXECUTIVES 9DICATE ! RECESSION IS BE+ CIT$ 9CREAS+LY AS A CAUSE OR AT LEA/ A CONTRIBUT+ FACTOR 9 ! *ANGES TAK+ PLACE 9 ! WAY FOLKS LIVE1 WORK & PLAY40 ,! CONT5TION ( ,ROY ,WILK9S1 ,EXECUTIVE ,SECRET>Y ( ! ,NATIONAL ,ASSOCIATION = ! ,ADVANCEM5T ( ,COLOR$ ,PEOPLE1 ?AT COMPETITION = SC>CE JOBS 9CREASES RACIAL T5SIONS IS BORNE \T BY ! ,U4,S4 ,DEP>TM5T ( ,LABOR4 

0,( ! TOTAL WORK =CE1 ! DEP>TM5T FIGURES #a#f.0 ( NON:ITE WORK]S W]E UNEMPLOY$ 9 ,FEBRU>Y1 COMP>$ ) #g.0 = :ITE WORK]S4 ,S9CE ,FEBRU>Y1 #a#i#e#g1 ! DEP>TM5T NOTES1 ! NUMB] ( UNEMPLOY$ NON-:ITES HAS CLIMB$ FROM LESS ?AN #d1 TO OV] #g14 

0,PU]TO ,RICAN MIGRANTS ALSO HAVE BE5 H>D HIT4 &1 AS A CONSEQU5CE1 MANY >E RETURN+ TO !IR NATIVE L&4 ,BETWE5 ,DECEMB]1 #a#i#e#g1 & ,FEBRU>Y1 #a#i#e#h1 SOME #g1#h#i#a ,PU]TO ,RICANS LEFT ! MA9L& = ,PU]TO ,RICO1 COMP>$ ) ONLY #b1#h#g#a 9 ! COMP>ABLE P]IOD A YE> E>LI]1 ACCORD+ TO FIGURES COMPIL$ BY ! ,PU]TO ,RICAN DEP>TM5T ( LABOR 9 ,NEW ,YORK40 

,! ,WALL ,/REET ,J\RNAL GIVES 9T]E/+ 9=MATION AB\T ! CLOSE CONNECTION BETWE5 BAD TIMES & FAMILY TR\BLES1 DEL9QU5CY & O!R SOCIAL SORES4 ,H4,G4 ,/>K1 DIRECTOR ( ! ,CALI=NIA ,Y\? ,AU?ORITY SAID ?AT3 

0',! RECESSION1' /ATES ,MR4 ,/>K1 'IS ONE ( ! MAJOR FACTORS 9 CONTRIBUT+ TO ! #a#g.0 9CREASE 9 DEL9QU5CY 9 ONE /ATE LA/ YE> OV] #a#i#e#f4 ,UNEMPLOYM5T IS P>TLY TO BLAME4 ,Y\?S JU/ \T ( HI< S*OOL & JOBLESS--TURN FIR/ TO MIS*IEF1 !N TO CRIME4' 

0,ONE NI<T REC5TLY1 A #a#b-YE>-OLD ,BUFFALO1 ,N4,Y41 LAD :O WORK$ AS A DELIV]Y BOY SLIPP$ 9TO A LOCAL *UR* & WAS NABB$ AS HE LOOT$ ! POOR BOX444 

0,?IS SOCIAL WORK] CONT5DS ! RECESSION & CONSEQU5T UNEMPLOYM5T HAVE =C$ PEOPLE 9TO ECONOMIC CONDITIONS !Y'VE NEV] HAD TO FACE BE=E444 

0,:5 %E ASK$ ,JOHNNY :Y HE DIPP$ 9TO ! *UR* POOR BOX1 %E REPORTS HE REPLI$3 ',MY FA!R'S BE5 LAID (F = A C\PLE ( MON?S N[4 ,& ,I CAN'T MAKE 5\< MONEY AS A DELIV]Y BOY4' 

,DES]TION ,TR\BLES 

0,) H>D TIMES /RA9+ SOME FAMILY TIES1 ! NUMB] ( DES]TIONS & AB&ONM5TS T5DS TO 9CREASE1 NOTES ,JAMES ,R4 ,DUMPSON1 ,FIR/ ,DEPUTY ,WELF>E ,COMMISSION] 9 ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY1 ',\R AID TO DEP5D5T *ILDR5 CASES HAS BE5 RIS+ S9CE ! 5D ( LA/ YE>1 & IT'S /ILL GO+ UP4' 

0,/ATI/ICS %[ ! M>RIAGE RATE ALREADY IS HEAD+ D[NW>D--9 SOME CITIES1 AT LEA/4 ,9 ,WAYNE ,C\NTY 7,DETROIT7 ,MI*41 :]E AUTO \TPUT CUTBACKS HAVE BR\<T A %>P RISE 9 UNEMPLOYM5T1 !RE W]E #c1#g#g#b M>RIAGE LIC5SES ISSU$ 9 ! FIR/ ?REE MON?S ( ?IS YE>1 D[N #a4#g.0 FROM A YE> E>LI]4 ,9 ,NEW' ,YORK ,CITY1 !RE W]E #h1#h#i#b LIC5SES ISSU$ 9 ! FIR/ TWO #aieh MON?S1 A DECREASE ( #a#b.0 FROM ! #aieg P]IOD4 

,JOBS & ,M>RIAGE 

0,TAKE ! CASE ( A MA*9E TOOL WORK] AB\T #c YE>S OLD :O HAD BE5 E>N+ @s#a#e A WEEK ) OV]TIME BE=E HE WAS SUDD5LY LAID (F LA/ W9T]4 ',N[ ?AT ,I'M LAID (F1' HE TELLS A SOCIAL WORK]1 ',I HAVE TO RELY ON MY WIFE'S @s#f#e PAY *ECK & IT MAKES ME FEEL LIKE A WOMAN4' 

0',I /AY HOME DUR+ ! DAY & WAT* ! *ILDR51 CLEAN ! H\SE & COOK ! MEALS :ILE MY WIFE WORKS4 ,I FEEL LIKE ,I %\LD BE WE>+ DRESSES & NYLONS 9/EAD ( PANTS1 & ,I CAN'T /& IT4'0 

,!SE FACTS1 IT WILL BE CONT5D$1 >E KN[N & IT IS OBVI\S ?AT ECONOMIC DISA/]S HAVE ADV]SE SOCIAL EFFECTS4 ,WE DON'T ?9K ! FACTS >E AS WELL-KN[N AS IS ASSUM$4 ,ALSO1 IT IS NECESS>Y TO DEBUNK ! ILLUSION ?AT CAPITALISM CAN OV]COME ITS DEFECTS4 ,FROM ?IS IT IS D]IV$ BY ALL TOO MANY PROGRESSIVES & EX-RADICALS ?AT ! CLASS /RUGGLE IS A ?+ ( ! PA/1 & COLLABORATION BETWE5 ! EXPLOIT]S & ! EXPLOIT$ IS BE/ = ALL CONC]N$4 ,9 ?IS S*EME ! ,/ATE PLAYS ! MA9 P>T4 ,IT IS SUPPOS$ TO ADJU/ ! RELATIONS BETWE5 GR\PS & 9DIVIDUALS2 A COMB9ATION UMPIRE & B5EVOL5T ,SANTA ,CLAUS DISP5S+ GIFTS 9 A HAPPY1 ?\< SOMETIMES DISCORDANT FAMILY4 

,SU* FALLACI\S IDEAS HAVE DISA/R\S CONSEQU5CES4 ,!Y MU/ BE EXPOS$ & C\NT]ACT$4 ,! SOCIAL IMPACT ( ! CURR5T 0RECESSION0 WILL OP5 ! EYES ( MANY1 & WILL HELP EXPLODE FALSE NOTIONS4 

,H[ ! ,PEOPLE ( ,C>ACAS ,/RUCK = ,FRE$OM 

,! FOLL[+ WAS WRITT5 BY A P>TICIPANT 9 ! REC5T /RUGGLES ?AT OV]?REW ! DICTATOR%IP ( ,P]EZ ,JIM9EZ 9 ,V5EZUELA4 ,! DETAILS >E REM9ISC5T ( ! ME?ODS US$ BY ! VALIANT ,FRE$OM ,FI<T]S ( ,HUNG>Y 9 #a#i#e#f4 

,WE HAVE JU/ OV]?R[N ONE ( ! BLOODIE/ & MO/ ATROCI\S DICTATOR%IPS 9 ALL ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA4 ,! SOCIAL & POLITICAL PRISON]S W]E FRE$ FROM ALL ! JAILS ( ,V5EZUELA & FROM ! ,GUAS9A CONC5TRATION CAMP4 ,! (FICES ( ! ,NATIONAL ,SECURITY ,POLICE 7! LOCAL ,G,P,U71 :]E ! SECRET POLICE SADI/ICALLY TORTUR$ SOCIAL & POLITICAL OPPON5TS ( ! REGIME1 WAS DE/ROY$ BY FIRE4 ,ALL PUBLIC LIB]TIES :I* HAD BE5 SUPPRESS$ AS 9 ! TIMES ( ! TYRANT ,GOMEZ1 W]E RE/OR$4 ,SPEAK+ & WRIT+ HAD BE5 CRIMES PUNI%ABLE BY IMPRISONM5T OR DEA?4 ,! /ATE POLICE :O1 DUR+ ! 0,JANU>Y ,DAYS0 HAD SLAU<T]$ ! /UD5TS & O!RS ) MA*ETES1 W]E DISSOLV$4 

,! G5]AL /RIKE ?AT HAD FIR/ BE5 CALL$ BY ! /UD5TS1 J\RNALI/S & PR9T]S1 WAS COMPLETELY SUCCESSFUL & EXT5D$ ?R\<\T ! C\NTRY1 TY+ UP ALL BUS9ESS & 9DU/RY1 9CLUD+ ! BANKS--:I*1 FE>+ ! TUMULT 9 ! /REETS1 CLOS$ D[N !IR E/ABLI%M5TS4 

,MYSELF1 ,I P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! REVOLT ) ! /UD5TS & WORK]S1 /IMULAT+ !IR ACTION1 DRAW+ UP MANIFE/OES & HELP+ TO GIVE ORI5TATION TO ! MOVEM5T4 ,I HAD %UT D[N ! MA*9ES ON MY JOB DUR+ ! /RIKE :5 ATTEMPTS W]E MADE TO =CE US TO WORK AT BAYONET PO9T4 ,IT WAS NECESS>Y TO SLEEP 9 DIFF]5T PLACES EA* NI<T DUR+ ! MOVEM5T4 

,BOTTLES ( GASOL9E1 /ONES1 /ICKS 5D TACKS S[N 9 ! /REETS W]E ?IS WEAPONS US$ BY ! PEOPLE 9 !IR (F5SIVE AGA9/ ! PATROL VEHICLES ( ! /EEL-HELMET$ POLICE =CES1 & ! MOTORIZ$ >MY ( ,P]EZ ,JIM9ES1 :I* F\<T BACK ) TE> GAS1 FIRE HOSES1 MA*ETES & FIRE>MS4 

,! FIR/ DAY GAVE A BALANCE ( SEV]AL HUNDR$ DEAD & ?\S&S ( W\ND$ & IMPRISON$4 ,WE W]E !N JO9$ BY ! Y\NG] (FIC]S ( ! ,AIR ,=CE & ! ,NAVY--:O FELT !MSELVES A P>T ( ?IS SAME MASS ?AT CLAMOR$ & F\<T = LIB]TY--?US GIV+ ! F9AL DEA? BL[ TO ! DICTATOR%IP4 

,9 ! SKIRMI%ES AT 0,EL ,SIL5CIO0--9 ! HE>T ( ,C>ACAS--,I RECEIV$ TWO MA*ETE SLA%ES FROM A POLICE (FIC] DUR+ H&-TO-H& FI<T+1 BUT HE WAS ALSO W\ND$ BY A %[] ( ROCKS FROM ! LITTLE BOYS ?AT W]E ALL >\ND ME4 ,AMONG !SE Y\NG FI<T]S = FRE$OM1 ,I WAS JU/ ONE MORE ( ! BOYS1 A SOME:AT OLD] BOY1 BORN MANY YE>S AGO ON ! HILL AT ,MONTEVIDEO1 :]E ,I TOO HAD LE>N$ MY GU]RILLA FI<T+ ) ROCKS4 ,AS ,I WRITE !SE L9ES MY BACK IS BURN+ ) FEV] & MY EYES /ILL SM>T FROM ! GAS--BUT ! PEOPLE ( ,V5EZUELA WON4 

,LONG LIVE LIB]TY6 

--,VOLUNTAD 

,ISRAELI ,POOL ,SCOR$ BY ,OR?ODOX ,JEWS 

,FROM ! ,NEW ,YORK ,T9ES 

,MORE ?AN #c1#e P]SONS FILL$ ,MANHATTAN ,C5T] YE/]DAY AFT]NOON TO PROTE/ :AT W]E T]M$ 0ACTIONS AGA9/ ,JEWI% OR?ODOXY 9 ,J]USALEM BY ! ,GOV]NM5T ( ,ISRAEL40 

,! MEET+ WAS HELD UND] ! AUSPICES ( ! ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE = ,FRE$OM ( ,RELIGION 9 ,ISRAEL4 ,A SPOKESMAN SAID ! COMMITTEE WAS COMPOS$ ( 0V>I\S ,JEWI% ,OR?ODOX GR\PS40 

,SPEAK]S CRITICIZ$ ! BUILD+ ( A SWIMM+ POOL 9 ,J]USALEM = USE BY M5 & WOM54 ,!Y SAID ! POOL VIOLAT$ ,OR?ODOX RELIGI\S PR9CIPLES4 

,! COMMITTEE SAID ! PROTE/ WAS BAS$ ON RELIGI\S GR\NDS4 ,IT SAID ! RALLY WAS NOT A POLITICAL ATTACK AGA9/ ! ,ISRAELI ,GOV]NM5T4 

,/RAI<T FROM ! ,HORSE'S ,M\? 

,! FOLL[+ EXTRACTS FROM AN >TICLE ?AT APPE>$ 9 ! ORGAN ( ,BIG ,BUS9ESS--,! ,WALL ,/REET ,J\RNAL 7,FEB4 #b#g1 #a#i#e#h7 REVEAL A FEW ( ! DISGU/+ ASPECTS ( CLASS COLLABORATION :I* IS ! MA9 ROOT-CAUSE = CORRUPTION 9 ! ,AM]ICAN ,LABOR ,MOVEM5T4 

0,WE DON'T WANT ANY PALSY-WALSY /UFF >\ND H]E40 

,SO SAYS AN EXECUTIVE ( A ,PHILADELPHIA COMPANY :O1 LIKE MO/ O!R BUS9ESSM51 HAS /RONG OP9IONS ON ! >T ( LIV+ ) LABOR4 0,WE DON'T CURRY ! FAVOR ( UNION LEAD]S4 ,WE'RE CIVIL1 BUT ?AT'S AS F> AS IT GOES10 HE EXPLA9S4 ,LEAN+ BACK 9 HIS *AIR1 HE REFLECTS3 0,( C\RSE1 ,WE DO CONTRIBUTE TO SOME UNION AFFAIRS1 SU* AS !IR ANNUAL ,*RI/MAS ,P>TY4 ,BUT ?AT'S JU/ BECAUSE !Y 9VITE UND]PRIVILEG$ *ILDR540 

444,YET MO/ ( ! #g EXECUTIVES 9T]VIEW$ BY ! ,WALL ,/REET ,J\RNAL ADMITT$ !Y USE A V>IETY ( TE*NIQUES TO TRY TO SMOO? WORK+ RELATIONS ) UNION MEMB]S & !IR LEAD]S4 ,AMONG !M3 ,TE/IMONIAL D9N]S TO UNION *IEFS1 CONTRIBUTIONS TO UNION *>ITIES1 9=MAL SOCIALIZ+ ) LABOR (FICIALS1 SUBSIDIES TO UNION S*OOLS & NEWS PAP]S1 TOK5 GIFTS TO UNION (FICIALS4 

,! !ORY BEH9D !SE TE*NIQUES IS FAIRLY OBVI\S3 ,! UNION LEAD] :O IS EASY TO *AT ) OV] ! LUN*EON TABLE IS LIKELY TO BE EASI] TO DEAL ) AT ! B>GA9+ TABLE4 ,MOREOV]1 GOOD WILL BETWE5 LABOR & MANAGEM5T MAY G5]ATE IMPROV$ ON-!-JOB P]=MANCES4 

,GIV+ ,TICKETS 

0,WE DON'T HAVE A REGUL> POLICY1 BUT WE'VE DONE ?+S LIKE TICKETS = LOCAL AFFAIRS TO UNION LEAD]S10 EXPLA9S ! VISE PRESID5T ( A L>GE RAILWAY EQUIPM5T COMPANY4 0,& \R PRESID5T MAKES IT A PO9T TO *AT ) LOCAL (FIC]S AB\T JO9T CONTRIBUTIONS TO ! ,UNIT$ ,FUND APPEAL40 

0,IF A BIG UNION (FICIAL WAS COM+ TO T[N & HAD TR\BLE MAK+ A HOTEL RES]VATION1 WE'D HELP HIM F9D A ROOM10 SAYS AN EXECUTIVE ( A ,MIDWE/ ELECTRICAL EQUIPM5T COMPANY4 

,9 SOME CASES1 SEV]AL COMPANIES 9 AN 9DU/RY WILL SUBSIDIZE A ,UNION ACTIVITY4 ,S9CE ! />T ( ! YE> ! M>ITIME 9DU/RY HAS BE5 PAY+ ! OP]AT+ CO/S ( A S*OOL2 E/ABLI%$ BY ! ,M>9E ,COOKS & ,/EW>DS ,UNION NE> ,SANTA ,ROSA1 ,CALIPH4 110,I SUPPOSE IT WILL CO/ ! 9DU/RY AB\T @s#e1 TO @s#f1 A YE>10 SAYS ,ROB9 ,HATFIELD1 9DU/RIAL RELATIONS MANAG] = ,AM]ICAN ,PRESID5T ,L9ES1 ,LTD4 ,BUT HE BELIEVES ! 9DU/RY'S CONTRIBUTION IS EVID5CE ( ITS 0MATURE ATTITUDE0 T[>D LABOR-MANAGEM5T RELATIONS4 

,COMPANIES (T5 HELP SUPPORT UNION PUBLICATIONS BY BUY+ ADV]TIS+4 ,9 MANY CASES1 ( C\RSE1 ! PRIME AIM ( ! ADS IS TO SELL PRODUCTS4 ,BUT 9 SOME 9/ANCES1 A MAJOR T>GET HAS BE5 UNION GOOD WILL4 

,EAT+ ) ,EATON 

,BUT MANY EXECUTIVES 9SI/ DOLL>S CAN'T PROVIDE ! :OLE ANSW]4 

0,WE (T5 HAVE UNION LEAD]S1 ESPECIALLY NEW (FIC]S1 9 = LUN* ) V>I\S COMPANY OR DIVISION (FICIALS10 SAYS ,PAUL ,E4 ,M9SEL1 VISE PRESID5T 9 *>GE ( 9DU/RIAL RELATIONS ( ,EATON ,MANUFACTUR+ ,CO41 ,CLEVEL&1 MAK] ( AUTOMOBILE P>TS40 ,WE FEEL IT'S ABSOLUTELY B5EFICIAL & HAVE NEV] HAD ANY EMB>RASSM5TS40 ,HE ADDS ?AT :5 HE PASSES ?R\< ! HEADQU>T]S CITY ( ANY ( ! UNIONS REPRES5T$ AT ,EATON PLANTS1 HE DROPS 9 TO SEE ! 9T]NATIONAL (FIC]S & 9VITE !M \T TO D9N]4 

,UNIT$ ,AIR ,L9ES ?REW AN ELABORATE D9N] P>TY SEV]AL WEEKS AGO = UNION & MANAGEM5T REPRES5TATIVES TO CELEBRATE SIGN+ ( A NEW CONTRACT ) ! ,AIR ,L9E ,/EW>DS & ,/EW>DESSES ,ASSOCIATION4 ,SOME UNION P]SONNEL W]E FL[N TO ,*ICAGO BY ,UNIT$--FREE ( *>GE--= ! TALKS & P>TY FROM AS F> AWAY AS ,D5V] & ,NEW ,YORK4 0,:5 Y\ NE$ A FRI5D1 Y\ CAN'T CREATE ONE OV]NI<T10 SAYS ,RUSSELL ,F4 ,AHR5S1 ,UNIT$'S S5IOR VISE PRESID5T 9 *>GE ( P]SONNEL4 

,UNION LEAD]S >5'T CONT5T TO PLAY ! ROLE ( CON/ANT GUE/S1 H[EV]4 ,9 ,PITTSBUR<1 UNION BRASS OCCASIONALLY 9VITE !IR CORPORATE C\NT]P>TS TO !IR HOMES OR C\NTRY CLUBS4 ,& MANY LABOR *IEFTA9S 9 O!R CITIES PICK UP ! TAB AFT] A D9N]TIME GET-TOGE!R4 

,EXECUTIVES /RESS ?AT !Y TRY TO AVOID BUS9ESS TALK AT !SE 9=MAL SESSIONS4 0,WE NEV] TALK GRIEVANCES--JU/ EX*ANGE /ORIES & RELAX10 SAYS ! VISE PRESID5T ( A ,P5NSYLVANIA COMPANY4 ,NONE!LESS1 TABLE TALK SOMETIMES SLIDES 9TO ! FIELD ( CORPORATE AFFAIRS & ! COMPANY M5 MU/ DECIDE JU/ H[ F> TO GO4 

,MANY COMPANIES BELIEVE IT'S EXTREMELY IMPORTANT TO KEEP ! UNIONS UP TO DATE ON MO/ DETAILS ( CORPORATE LIFE4 ,O!RS ACQUA9T LABOR ONLY ) ?OSE POLICIES :I* DIRECTLY AFFECT MO/ WORK]S4 0,:5 WE CLOS$ \R ,BAK]SFIELD ,CALIPH4 PLANT1 WE CALL$ 9 ! UNIONS & EXPLA9$ EXACTLY :AT WE W]E DO+ & :Y10 EXPLA9$ AN (FICIAL ( ,LOCKHE$ ,AIRCRAFT ,CORP4 

,:5 A COMPANY IS AB\T TO 9TRODUCE NEW MA*9]Y 9 ITS PLANT1 A COMMON TACTIC IS TO TAKE UNION LEAD]S ON AN EXP5SES-PAID T\R ( O!R PLANTS :]E SIMIL> MA*9]Y IS 9 OP]ATION4 ,COMPANIES >GUE ?IS IS SIMPLY GOOD BUS9ESS1 S9CE IT (T5 HELPS HEAD (F UNION GRIEVANCES4 

0,KEEP+ UNIONS ADVIS$ AT ALL TIMES ( ALL DECISIONS AFFECT+ EMPLOYES IS \R PR9CIPAL ME?OD ( MA9TA9+ GOOD RELATIONS ) \R WORK]S10 SAYS AN (FICIAL ( ,G5]AL ,TELEPHONE ,CO4 ( ,CALI=NIA4 

,MO/ CORPORATE (FICIALS DRAW ! L9E1 H[EV]1 AT UNION P>TICIPATION 9 POLICY DECISIONS4 0,POLICY MAK+ IS JU/ NONE ( !IR BUS9ESS10 SAYS AN ,OREGON LUMB] COMPANY (FICIAL4 0,AFT] ALL1 ,I'VE NEV] BE5 9VIT$ TO A UNION POLICY MEET+4 

,PLANN+ ,CUTBACKS 

,/ILL1 9 SOME CASES1 UNION M5 HAVE BE5 CALL$ 9 TO HELP WORK \T ! DETAILS ( C]TA9 POLICY DECISIONS4 ,(FICIALS ( ONE MAJOR UNION N[ >E COOP]AT+ ) EXECUTIVES ( AN ELECTRICAL EQUIPM5T COMPANY 9 =MULAT+ A PLAN = A R$UCTION 9 ! WORK+ =CE4 ,! UNION AGRE$ TO ! CUTBACK BUT 9SI/$ ON HAV+ A H& 9 WORK+ \T A SEV]ANCE PAY PLAN = S5IOR EMPLOYES4 

,REG>DLESS ( ! TIME OR MONEY DEVOT$ TO LABOR RELATIONS1 ! SUCCESS OR FAILURE ( A COMPANY'S PROGRAM OBVI\SLY DEP5DS ON ! M5 5TRU/$ TO C>RY IT \T4 ,!SE 0LABOR RELATIONS EXP]TS0 REPRES5T A MOTLEY ASSORTM5T ( M5--=M] PR(ESSORS & M9I/]S1 Y\NG/]S FRE% FROM COLLEGE1 H>D5$ EX-LABOR]S :O WORK$ !IR WAY 9TO ! EXECUTIVE E*ELON1 =M] AG5TS ( ! ,F$]AL ,BUREAU ( ,9VE/IGATION4 

,?OMPSON ,PRODUCTS1 ,9C41 ,CLEVEL&1 EMPLOYS A ,CONGREGATIONAL M9I/]1 ,ROB]T ,HAUS]MAN1 :O WROTE ! COMPANY SAY+ ?AT HE WANT$ TO PUT HIS PRECEPTS TO A MORE PRACTICAL TE/4 ,SAYS A ,?OMPSON (FICIAL3 0,WE HIR$ HIM & PUT HIM 9 A T\*Y SITUATION AT A PLANT :]E AN \TSIDE UNION WAS /IRR+ ?+S UP4 ,HE DID A REM>KABLE JOB AT SMOO?+ ?+S \T40 ,! M9I/] N[ IS MANAG] ( HUMAN RELATIONS = ,?OMPSON'S BIGGE/ DIVISION4 

,SOME COMPANIES PREF] !IR LABOR RELATIONS /AFF]S TO BE COLLEGE M5 ) ADVANC$ DEGREES 9 9DU/RIAL PSY*OLOGY4 ,BUT MANY EXECUTIVES CLAIM IT'S AN ADVANTAGE TO HAVE MORE 0E>?Y0 FOLK AT ! B>GA9+ TABLE4 ,SAYS ,TREASUR] ,FRITZ ,/ADELH(]1 :OSE FA!R1 ,F]D1 IS PRESID5T ( ,B]KELEY ,PUMP ,CO41 ,B]KELEY1 ,CALIPH42 0,MY FA!R IS AN EX-MA*9I/ :O CAN >GUE JU/ AS L\D & P\ND ! TABLE JU/ AS H>D AS ANY LABOR LEAD]40 

,UND]/&+ ,UNIONS 

,AGREES ,GEORGE ,M4 ,ABBOTT1 DIRECTOR ( 9DU/RIAL RELATIONS = ,9T]NATIONAL ,%OE ,CO41 ,/4 ,L\IS3 0,M5 ) EXP]I5CE AS MA*9E OP]ATORS KN[ :AT IT IS TO BE A WORK+ MAN--!Y UND]/& ! UNION PO9T ( VIEW4 ,Y\ CAN'T LE>N ?AT SORT ( ?+ 9 COLLEGE OR AT ! C\NTRY CLUB40 

,SIMIL>LY1 :ILE MANY CONC]NS HAVE HIR$ ,F4,B4,I4 VET]ANS TO DEAL ) !IR UNIONS1 ?IS PRACTICE IS BY NO MEANS UNIV]SALLY ACCEPT$4 ,=D ,MOTOR ,CO41 AMONG O!RS1 EMPLOYS A COT]IE ( =M] ,F$]AL AG5TS HEAD$ BY ,JOHN ,S4 ,BUGAS4 ,BUT1 SAYS AN (FICIAL = A ,PHILADELPHIA-BAS$ CORPORATION3 0,EX-,F4,B4,I4 M5 HAVE NEGOTIAT$ SOME ( ! MO/ HORRIBLE CONTRACTS 9 HI/ORY--!Y CAN GET WAY OV] !IR HEADS40 

,MANY O!R CORPORATE (FICIALS ALSO OBS]VE ?AT UNION LEAD]S OCCASIONALLY MAY BE H>M$ BY AN OV]LY SOLICIT\S LABOR RELATIONS MAN4 ,SAYS ,L4,D4 ,WEB/]1 VISE PRESID5T ( ,LONE ,/> ,/EEL ,CO41 ,DALLAS3 0,WE DON'T ASK UNION (FICIALS TO PICNICS OR SU*--!Y'D BE ACCUS$ ( SELL+ \T40 

,PITTSBUR< BUS9ESSM5 RECALL ! CASE ( ! EXTRAVAGANT1 @s#b-A-PLATE TE/IMONIAL D9N] HONOR+ ,DAVID ,J ,MC,DONALD1 PRESID5T ( ,UNIT$ ,/EELWORK]S ( ,AM]ICA4 ,?IS #aiec BANQUET WAS HEAVILY SUBSIDIZ$ BY LOCAL 9DU/RY4 ,MANY UNION M5 OP5LY EXPRESS$ RES5TM5T AT ! TIME ?AT ,MC,DONALD %\LD ACCEPT SU* ADULATION AFT] ONLY ONE YE> 9 HIS PRESID5TIAL ASSIGNM5T4 

,SIMIL>LY1 SEV]AL UNION LEAD]S ALSO CRITICIZ$ ,MC,DONALD = JO9+ ) ! !N PRESID5T ( ,U4,S4 ,/EEL1 ,B5JAM9 ,FAIRLESS1 9 A S]IES ( 0GOOD WILL0 PLANT T\RS4 ,?IS PROJECT1 :I* WAS AB&ON$ AFT] A YE> OR SO1 AT FIR/ WON ! APPROVAL ( BO? MANAGEM5T & LABOR4 

,9 MANY 9/ANCES1 ( C\RSE1 BUS9ESS OPPOSITION TO FRI5DLY GE/URES T[>D LABOR IS MOTIVAT$ BY \T-&-\T HO/ILITY TO UNIONS & UNION LEAD]S4 ,?IS IS ESPECIALLY TRUE 9 SOME P>TS ( ! ,S\? & ,S\?WE/1 = EXAMPLE1 :]E ORGANIZ$ LABOR ONLY REC5TLY HAS BEGUN TO MAKE 9ROADS4 

,SAYS ONE ,S\!RN COMPANY (FICIAL3 0,I'M FLATLY AGA9/ ALL UNION (FICIALS--!Y'RE *ISEL]S4 ,!Y WANT P[] & !Y'RE PRIM>ILY 9T]E/$ 9 !IR [N 5DS4 ,AS = ! WORK]S1 ?AT'S SOME?+ ELSE40 

,PR9CIPLES ,& ,LESSONS ,( ,! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION 

7REPR9T$ FROM ,R,E,S,I,/,A,N,C,E7 

,SECOND ( A S]IES4 

.<,! FIR/ 9 ?IS S]IES IS3 ,C,O,L,L,E,C,T,I,V,I,Z,A,T,I,O,N ,9 ,M,E,M,B,R,I,L,L,A BY ,5RIQUE ,P4 ,VIDAL1 ,ISSUE #b#h1 PAGE #h.> 

,9 JURIDICAL PR9CIPLE ! ,COLLECTIVES W]E SOME?+ 5TIRELY NEW4 ,!Y W]E NOT SYNDICATES1 NOR W]E !Y MUNICIPALITIES 9 ANY TRADITIONAL S5SE2 !Y DID NOT EV5 V]Y CLOSELY RESEMBLE ! MUNICIPALITIES ( ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES4 ,( ! TWO1 H[EV]1 !Y W]E CLOS] TO ! COMMUNAL ?AN ! SYNDICALI/ SPIRIT4 ,(T5 !Y MI<T JU/ AS WELL HAVE BE5 CALL$ ,COMMUNITIES1 AS = EXAMPLE ! ONE 9 ,B9EF> WAS4 ,! ,COLLECTIVE WAS AN 5TITY2 )9 IT1 OCCUPATIONAL & PR(ESSIONAL GR\PS1 PUBLIC S]VICES1 TRADE & MUNICIPAL FUNCTIONS W]E SUBORD9ATE & DEP5D5T4 ,9 =M ( ORGANIZATION1 9 9T]NAL FUNCTION+1 & 9 !IR SPECIALIZ$ ACTIVITIES1 H[EV]1 !Y W]E ALL AUTONOM\S4 

,! AGR>IAN ,COLLECTIVES1 DESPITE !IR NAME1 W]E TO ALL 9T5TS & PURPOSES LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ ORGANIZATIONS4 ,!Y APPLI$ ! RULE 0FROM EA* ACCORD+ TO HIS ABILITIES1 TO EA* ACCORD+ TO HIS NE$S40 ,:]E MONEY WAS ABOLI%$1 A C]TA9 QUANTITY ( GOODS WAS ASSUR$ TO EA* P]SON2 :]E MONEY WAS RETA9$1 EA* FAMILY RECEIV$ A WAGE DET]M9$ BY ! NUMB] ( MEMB]S4 ,?\< ! TE*NIQUE V>I$1 ! MORAL PR9CIPLE & ! PRACTICAL RESULTS W]E ! SAME4 

,9 ! AGR>IAN ,COLLECTIVES SOLID>ITY WAS C>RI$ TO EXTREME L5G?S4 ,NOT ONLY WAS EV]Y P]SON ASSUR$ ( ! NECESSITIES1 BUT ! DI/RICT F$]ATIONS 9CREAS+LY ADOPT$ ! PR9CIPLE ( MUTUAL AID ON AN 9T]-COLLECTIVE SCALE4 ,= ?IS PURPOSE !Y CREAT$ COMMON RES]VES TO HELP \T VILLAGES LESS FAVOR$ BY NATURE4 ,9 ,CA/ILLE SPECIAL 9/ITUTIONS = ?IS PURPOSE W]E CREAT$4 ,9 9DU/RY ?IS PRACTICE SEEMS TO HAVE BEGUN 9 ,HOSPITALET1 ON ! ,CATALAN RAILROADS1 & WAS APPLI$ LAT] 9 ,ALCOY4 ,HAD ! POLITICAL COMPROMISE NOT IMP$$ OP5 SOCIALIZATION1 ! PRACTICE ( MUTUAL AID W\LD HAVE BE5 MU* MORE G5]ALIZ$4 

,A CONQUE/ ( 5ORM\S IMPORTANCE WAS ! RI<T ( WOM5 TO LIVELIHOOD1 REG>DLESS ( OCCUPATION OR FUNCTION4 

,9 AB\T HALF ( ! AGR>IAN ,COLLECTIVES1 WOM5 RECEIV$ ! SAME WAGES AS M52 9 ! RE/ WOM5 RECEIV$ LESS1 APP>5TLY ON ! PR9CIPLE ?AT !Y R>ELY LIV$ ALONE4 

,! *ILD'S RI<T TO LIVELIHOOD WAS ALSO UNGRUDG+LY RECOGNIZ$3 NOT AS ,/ATE *>ITY1 BUT AS A RI<T NO ONE DREAM$ ( D5Y+4 ,! S*OOLS W]E OP5 TO *ILDR5 TO ! AGE ( #ad OR #a#e--! ONLY GU>ANTEE ?AT P>5TS W\LD NOT S5D !IR *ILDR5 TO WORK SOON]1 & ?AT $UCATION W\LD BE REALLY UNIV]SAL4 

,9 ALL ! AGR>IAN ,COLLECTIVES ( ,>AGON1 ,CATALONIA1 ,LEVANTE1 ,CA/ILLE1 ,&ALUSIA & ,E/REMADURA1 ! WORK]S =M$ GR\PS TO DIVIDE ! LABOR OR0 ! L&2 USUALLY !Y W]E ASSIGN$ TO DEF9ITE >EAS4 ,DELEGATES ELECT$ BY ! WORK-GR\PS MET ) ! ,COLLECTIVE'S DELEGATE = AGRICULTURE TO PLAN \T ! WORK4 ,?IS TYPICAL ORGANIZATION >OSE QUITE SPONTANE\SLY1 BY LOCAL 9ITIATIVE4 

,9 ADDITION TO !SE ME?ODS--& SIMIL> MEET+S ( SPECIALIZ$ GR\PS--! ,COLLECTIVE AS A :OLE MET 9 A WEEKLY OR BI-WEEKLY OR MON?LY ,ASSEMBLY4 ,?IS TOO WAS A SPONTANE\S 9NOVATION4 ,! ,ASSEMBLY REVIEW$ ! ACTIVITIES ( ! C\NCILORS IT NAM$1 & DISCUSS$ SPECIAL CASES & UN=ESE5 PROBLEMS4 ,ALL 9HABITANTS1 M5 & WOM51 PRODUC]S & NON-PRODUC]S1 TOOK P>T 9 ! DISCUSSION & DECISIONS4 ,9 MANY CASES ! 09DIVIDUALI/S0 7NON-COLLECTIVE MEMB]S7 HAD EQUAL RI<TS 9 ! ,ASSEMBLY4 ,9 L& CULTIVATION ! MO/ SIGNIFICANT ADVANCES W]E ! RAPIDLY 9CREAS+ USE ( MA*9]Y & IRRIGATION2 GREAT] DIV]SIFICATION2 & =E/ATION4 ,9 /OCK-RAIS+3 ! SELECTION & MULTIPLICATION ( BRE$S2 ! ADAPTATION ( BRE$S TO LOCAL CONDITIONS2 & L>GE-SCALE CON/RUCTION ( COLLECTIVE /OCK B>NS4 

,PRODUCTION & TRADE W]E BR\<T 9TO 9CREAS+ H>MONY & DI/RIBUTION BECAME MORE & MORE UNIFI$3 FIR/ DI/RICT UNIFICATION1 !N REGIONAL UNIFICATION1 & F9ALLY ! CREATION ( A ,NATIONAL ,F$]ATION4 ,! DI/RICT 7COM>CA7 WAS ! BASIS ( TRADE4 ,9 EXCEPTIONAL CASES AN ISOLAT$ ,COMMUNE MANAG$ ITS [N1 ON AU?ORITY ( ! DI/RICT ,F$]ATION :I* KEPT AN EYE ON ! ,COMMUNE & C\LD 9T]V5E IF ITS TRAD+ PRACTICES W]E H>MFUL TO ! G5]AL ECONOMY4 ,9 ,>AGON ! ,F$]ATION ( ,COLLECTIVES1 F\ND$ 9 ,JANU>Y1 #a#i#c#g1 BEGAN TO COORD9ATE TRADE AMONG ! COMMUNES 9 ! REGION1 & TO CREATE A SY/EM ( MUTUAL AID4 

,! T5D5CY TO UNITY BECAME MORE DI/9CT ) ADOPTION ( A S+LE 0PRODUC]'S C>D0 & S+LE 0CONSUM]'S C>D0--:I* IMPLI$ SUPPRESSION ( ALL MONEY1 LOCAL & NATIONAL--BY DECISION ( ! ,FEBRU>Y1 #a#i#c#g1 ,CONGRESS4 

,COORD9ATION ( TRADE ) O!R REGIONS1 & ABROAD1 IMPROV$ /EADILY4 ,:5 DISP>ITIES 9 EX*ANGE1 OR EXCEPTIONALLY HI< PRICES1 CREAT$ SURPLUSES1 !Y W]E US$ BY ! ,REGIONAL ,F$]ATION TO HELP ! POOR] ,COLLECTIVES4 ,SOLID>ITY ?US EXT5D$ BEYOND ! DI/RICT4 

,9DU/RIAL CONC5TRATION--! ELIM9ATION ( SMALL WORK%OPS & UNECONOMICAL FACTORIES--WAS A *>ACT]I/IC FEATURE ( COLLECTIVIZATION1 BO? 9 ! RURAL ,COMMUNES & 9 ! CITIES4 ,LABOR WAS RATIONALIZ$ ON ! BASIS ( SOCIAL NE$--9 ,ALCOY'S 9DU/RIES & 9 ?OSE ( ,HOSPITALET1 9 ,B>CELONA'S MUNICIPAL TRANSPORT & 9 ! ,>AGON ,COLLECTIVES4 

,! FIR/ /EP T[>D SOCIALIZATION WAS FREQU5TLY ! DIVID+ UP ( L>GE E/ATES 7AS 9 ! ,SEGORBE & ,GRANOLL]S DI/RICTS & A NUMB] ( ,>AGON VILLAGES74 ,9 C]TA9 O!R CASES ! FIR/ /EP WAS TO =CE ! MUNICIPALITIES TO GRANT IMM$IATE RE=MS 7MUNICIPALITIES ( L&-R5T & ( M$IC9E 9 ,ELDA1 ,B5I ,C>LO1 ,CA/ILLONE1 ,ALCANIZ1 ,CASPE1 ETC47 

,$UCATION ADVANC$ AT AN UNPREC$5T$ PACE4 ,MO/ ( ! P>TLY OR :OLLY SOCIALIZ$ ,COLLECTIVES & MUNICIPALITIES BUILT AT LEA/ ONE S*OOL4 ,BY #a#i#c#h1 = EXAMPLE1 EV]Y ,COLLECTIVE 9 ! ,LEVANTE ,F$]ATION HAD ITS [N S*OOL4 

,! NUMB] ( ,COLLECTIVES 9CREAS$ /EADILY4 ,! MOVEM5T ORIG9AT$ & PROGRESS$ SWIFTLY 9 ,>AGON1 CONQU]$ P>T ( ,CATALONIA1 !N MOV$ ON TO ,LEVANTE & LAT] ,CA/ILLE4 ,ACCORD+ TO RELIABLE TE/IMONY ! ACCOMPLI%M5TS 9 ,CA/ILLE MAY 9DE$ HAVE SURPASS$ ,LEVANTE & ,>AGON4 ,E/REMADURA & ! P>T ( ,&ALUSIA NOT CONQU]$ IMM$IATELY BY ! FASCI/S--ESPECIALLY ! PROV9CE ( ,JA5--ALSO HAD !IR ,COLLECTIVES4 ,! *>ACT] ( ! ,COLLECTIVES V>I$1 ( C\RSE1 ) LOCAL CONDITIONS4 

,WE LACK EXACT FIGURES ON ! TOTAL NUMB] ( ,COLLECTIVES 9 ,SPA94 ,BAS$ ON ! 9COMPLETE /ATI/ICS ( ! ,CONGRESS 9 ,>AGON 9 ,FEBRU>Y1 #a#i#c#g1 & ON DATA GA!R$ DUR+ MY /AY 9 ?IS REGION1 !RE W]E AT LEA/ #d4 ,9 ,LEVANTE 9 #ai* !RE W]E #e4 ,TO ?IS ! ,COLLECTIVES 9 O!R REGIONS MU/ BE ADD$4 ,9 MY RESE>* ,I F\ND ONLY TWO ,COLLECTIVES :I* FAIL$3 ,BOLTONA & ,A9SA1 9 ,NOR!RN ,>AGON4 

,SOMETIMES ! ,COLLECTIVE WAS SUPPLEM5T$ BY O!R =MS ( SOCIALIZATION4 ,AFT] ,I LEFT ,C>CAG5TE1 TRADE WAS SOCIALIZ$4 ,9 ,ALCOY CONSUM]S COOP]ATIVES >OSE TO R\ND \T ! SYNDICALI/ ORGANIZATION ( PRODUCTION4 ,!RE W]E O!R 9/ANCES ( ! SAME K9D4 

,! ,COLLECTIVES W]E NOT CREAT$ S+LE-H&$ BY ! LIB]T>IAN MOVEM5T4 ,AL?\< !IR JURIDICAL PR9CIPLES W]E /RICTLY AN>*I/1 A GREAT MANY ,COLLECTIVES W]E CREAT$ SPONTANE\SLY BY PEOPLE REMOTE FROM \R MOVEM5T 70,LIB]T>IANS0 )\T BE+ AW>E ( IT74 ,MO/ ( ! ,CA/ILLE & ,E/R]NADURA ,COLLECTIVES W]E ORGANIZ$ BY ,CA?OLIC & ,SOCIALI/ PEASANTS2 9 SOME CASES ( C\RSE !Y MAY HAVE BE5 9SPIR$ BY ! PROPAG&A ( ISOLAT$ AN>*I/ MILITANTS4 ,AL?\< !IR ORGANIZATION OPPOS$ ! MOVEM5T (FICIALLY1 MANY MEMB]S ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,U,G,T 7,UNION ,G5]AL DE LOS ,TRABAJADORES7 5T]$ OR ORGANIZ$ ,COLLECTIVES1 AS DID ,REPUBLICANS :O S9C]ELY WANT$ TO A*IEVE LIB]TY & JU/ICE4 

,SMALL L&[N]S W]E RESPECT$4 ,!IR 9CLUSION 9 ! CONSUM]'S C>D SY/EM & 9 ! ,COLLECTIVE TRAD+1 ! RESOLUTIONS TAK5 9 RESPECT TO !M1 ALL ATTE/ TO ?IS4 ,!RE W]E JU/ TWO RE/RICTIONS3 !Y C\LD NOT HAVE MORE L& ?AN !Y C\LD CULTIVATE1 & !Y C\LD NOT C>RY ON PRIVATE TRADE4 ,MEMB]%IP 9 ! ,COLLECTIVE WAS VOLUNT>Y3 ! 09DIVIDUALI/S0 JO9$ ONLY IF & :5 !Y W]E P]SUAD$ ( ! ADVANTAGES ( WORK+ 9 COMMON4 

,! *IEF OB/ACLES TO ! ,COLLECTIVES W]E3 

A7 ,! EXI/5CE ( CONS]VATIVE /RATA1 & P>TIES & ORGANIZATIONS REPRES5T+ !M3 ,REPUBLICANS ( ALL FACTIONS1 ,SOCIALI/S ( ,LEFT & ,RI<T 7,L>GO ,CABALL]O & ,PRIETO71 ,/AL9I/ ,COMMUNI/S1 & (T5 ! ,P,\,MI/S4 7,BE=E !IR EXPULSION FROM ! ,CATALONIAN GOV]NM5T--,G5]ALIDAD--! ,P,\,MI/S W]E NOT TRULY A REVOLUTION>Y P>TY4 ,!Y BECAME SO :5 DRIV5 9TO OPPOSITION4 ,EV5 9 ,JUNE1 #a#i#c#g1 A MANIFE/O DI/RIBUT$ BY ! ,>AGON SECTION ( ! ,P,\,M ATTACK$ ! ,COLLECTIVES47 ,! ,U,G,T WAS ! PR9CIPAL 9/RUM5T ( ! V>I\S POLITICIANS4 

B7 ! OPPOSITION ( C]TA9 SMALL L&[N]S 7,CATALAN & ,PYR5EES PEASANTS74 

C7 ,! FE>1 EV5 AMONG SOME MEMB]S ( ,COLLECTIVES1 ?AT ! GOV]NM5T W\LD DE/ROY ! ORGANIZATIONS ONCE ! W> WAS OV]4 ,MANY :O W]E NOT REALLY REACTION>Y1 & MANY SMALL L&[N]S :O W\LD O!RWISE HAVE JO9$ ! ,COLLECTIVES1 HELD BACK ON ?IS ACC\NT4 

D7 ,! OP5 ATTACK ON ! ,COLLECTIVES3 BY :I* IS NOT MEANT ! OBVI\SLY DE/RUCTIVE ACTS ( ! ,FRANCO TROOPS :]EV] !Y ADVANC$4 ,9 ,CA/ILLE ! ATTACK ON ! ,COLLECTIVES WAS CONDUCT$1 >MS 9 H&1 BY ,COMMUNI/ TROOPS4 ,9 ! ,VAL5CIA REGION1 !RE W]E BATTLES 9 :I* EV5 >MOR$ C>S TOOK P>T4 ,9 ! ,HUESCA PROV9CE ! ,K>L ,M>X BRIGADE P]SECUT$ ! ,COLLECTIVES4 ,! ,MACIA-,COMPANYS BRIGADE DID ! SAME 9 ,T]UEL PROV9CE4 7,BUT BO? ALWAYS FL$ FROM COMBAT ) ! FASCI/S4 ,! ,K>L ,M>X BRIGADE ALWAYS REMA9$ 9ACTIVE1 :ILE \R TROOPS F\<T = ,HUESCA & O!R IMPORTANT PO9TS2 ! ,M>XI/ TROOPS RES]V$ !MSELVES = ! RE>GU>D4 ,! SECOND GAVE UP ,VIVEL DEL ,RIO & O!R COAL REGIONS ( ,UTRILLOS )\T A FI<T4 ,!SE SOLDI]S1 :O RAN 9 PANIC BE=E A SMALL ATTACK ?AT O!R =CES EASILY CONTA9$1 W]E 9TREPID W>RIORS AGA9/ ! UN>M$ PEASANTS ( ! ,COLLECTIVES74 

,9 ! WORK ( CREATION1 TRANS=MATION & SOCIALIZATION1 ! PEASANT DEMON/RAT$ A SOCIAL CONSCI5CE MU* SUP]IOR TO ?AT ( ! CITY WORK]4 

7REPR9T$ FROM ,R,E,S,I,/,A,N,C,E7 

 "9 "9 "9 

,NO MAN CAN REALIZE HIS [N WOR? OR HIS [N FULL DEVELOPM5T IF HE DOES NOT RECOGNIZE ! WOR? ( HIS FELL[S1 & 9 COOP]ATION ) !M REALIZE HIS [N DEVELOPM5T ?R\< !M4 ,NO MAN CAN EMANCIPATE HIMSELF UNLESS AT ! SAME TIME HE EMANCIPATES ?OSE >\ND HIM4 

--,BAKUN9 

 "9 "9 "9 

,IT IS UNQUE/IONABLY TRUE ?AT GOV]NM5T IS BEGOTT5 ( AGGRESSION & BY AGGRESSION4 

--,SP5C] 7,MAN V]SUS ,! ,/ATE7 

,SL[ ,DEA? ,9 ,F>RAPAL 

,DIGE/$ FROM AN >TICLE BY ,$G>T ,RODRIGUEZ 9 ,RECON/RUIR1 ,>G5T9E ,LIB]T>IAN ,MON?LY4 

,OLIVEIRA ,SALAZ> BECAME ! RUL] ( ,PORTUGAL 9 #aicb & ?AT YE> S5T EMISS>IES TO ,ITALY1 :]E !Y /UDI$ ! /RUCTURE & ME?ODS ( ,ITALIAN ,FASCISM1 :I* W]E1 ) APPROPRIATE MODIFICATIONS1 9TRODUC$ 9 ,PORTUGAL4 ,ON ! #c? ( ,JANU>Y1 #a#i#c#c1 ,HITL] TOOK OV] ,G]MANY & 9/ITUT$ POLITICAL T]RORISM4 ,SALAZ> LO/ NO TIME 9 COPY+ ALSO ! ME?ODS ( ,HITL]4 

,AT ! 5D ( #a#i#c#c1 ,SALAZ> PUBLI%$ TWO DECREES1 ONE TRANS=M+ ! UNIONS ( ! WORK]S 9TO PUPPETS ( ! ,/ATE & ! O!R CREAT+ ! 0,NATIONAL ,9/ITUTE ( ,LABOR10 :I* DICTAT$ ORD]S TO ! 0NEW SYNDICATES40 ,! OPPOSITION ( ! WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS TO !SE DECREES CAUS$ ,SALAZ>1 9 ,JANU>Y1 #a#i#c#d1 TO DEPORT HUNDR$S ( UNION M54 ,TO MAKE ROOM = ALL ?OSE :O D>$ OPPOSE ,PORTUGUESE FASCISM1 ,SALAZ> E/ABLI%$ 9 #aice A CONC5TRATION CAMP 9 ,ANGOLA1 A ,PORTUGUESE COLONY 9 ,AFRICA4 ,= SOME REASON IT DID NOT SATISFY ,SALAZ>'S EXPECTATIONS & 9 ! FOLL[+ YE>1 DECREE #b#f-#e#i#c E/ABLI%$ ! CONC5TRATION CAMP ( ,F>RAPAL1 9 ! ,>*IPELAGO ( ,CAPE ,V]DE1 ISL& ( ,SANTIAGO1 A ,PORTUGUESE COLONY 9 ! MIDDLE ( ! OCEAN BETWE5 ,AFRICA & ,S\? ,AM]ICA1 A SPOT ALMO/ AS ISOLAT$ AS ,SA9T ,HEL5A1 :]E ,NAPOLEON WAS 9T]N$4 

,PEOPLE :O W]E S5T TO ,F>RAPAL W]E NOT EXPECT$ TO RETURN--ALIVE OR DEAD4 ,! POLICY ( ! ADM9I/RATION WAS TO MURD] ! PRISON]S BY SL[ DEA?4 ,F>RAPAL IS AN >EA ( #d1 SQU>E MET]S4 ,! SOIL IS ROCKY & WAS COMPLETELY DES]T$ :5 ! FIR/ PRISON]S >RIV$4 ,! PROCESS ( 0DEA? ON ! 9/ALLM5T PLAN0 BEGAN :5 ! DEPORTEES W]E =C$ TO LEVEL ! GR\ND & BUILD ROADS & B>B$ WIRE F5CES4 ,!Y SLEPT 9 CANVAS T5TS ON ! B>E & DAMP GR\ND & CONTRACT$ TROPICAL FEV]S :I* CAUS$ ! DEA? ( V>I\S WORK]S4 ,9DISP5SABLE M$IC9ES W]E NOT SUPPLI$4 

,! FIR/ DIRECTOR ( ?IS HELL WAS CAPTA9 ,M>T9 DOS ,REIS1 ) A LONG EXP]I5CE 9 REPRESSIVE TORTURES 9 ! PRISON ( ,ISLA ,T]C]A 9 ! ,AZORES4 ,HIS FIR/ ACT UPON >RIVAL 9 ,F>RAPAL WAS TO CON/RUCT A COM=TABLE MANSION = HIMSELF1 SURR\ND$ BY LOVELY GR\NDS & ) A WIDE ROAD LEAD+ TO ! MA9 5TRANCE4 ,>\ND ?IS E/ATE WAS CON/RUCT$ A MOAT1 #c MET]S WIDE & #d DEEP1 :I* WAS 9T5D$ TO ISOLATE ! ,CAPTA9'S PALACE FROM ! CONC5TRATION CAMP PROP]4 ,!N ! PRISON]S W]E =C$ TO BUILD H\SES = ! GU>DS & LAT]1 !Y CON/RUCT$ SEV5 BRICK BUILD+S & TWO WOOD5 ONES4 ,!SE QU>T]S W]E US$ AS WORK%OPS & B>RICADES4 ,! C>P5T] %OP WAS AMONG ! FIR/ TO BE ]ECT$ BECAUSE C(F9S W]E NE$$ 9 ANTICIPATION ( ! COM+ SL[ MURD]S ( ! CONDEMN$4 ,V]Y LITTLE MA*9]Y WAS US$4 ,! /ONES :I* W]E US$ TO BUILD ,F>RAPAL W]E BROK5 ) HEAVY HAMM]S & DYNAMITE WAS =BIDD51 ,! LONG H\RS1 ! T]RIBLE HEAT1 ! EXHAU/+ MANUAL LABOR--ALL SOON BEGAN TO LEAVE !IR <A/LY EFFECTS4 ,?OSE :O DID NOT SUCCUMB W]E PHYSICALLY & 9 MANY CASES M5TALLY WRECK$4 ,ADD$ TO ?IS WAS ! 9HUMAN TREATM5T BY ! GU>DS1 :O W]E RECRUIT$ FROM ! MO/ DEPRAV$ & CRUEL DREGS ( HUMANITY4 

,! CAMP WAS 5CIRCL$ BY A MOAT1 OR DEEP DIT*1 FILL$ ) WAT]1 9 :I* FE/]$ DEA?-DEAL+ MOSQUITOES & O!R PE/S1 :I* CAUS$ YELL[ FEV] & O!R DISEASES4 ,9 ADDITION TO ! MOAT1 ! CAMP WAS 5CLOS$ BY A ?ICK MAZE ( B>B$ WIRE1 TWO MET]S HI< & SIX WIDE4 ,9 ! C5T] ( ! CAMP WAS A SMALL CIRCUL> 5CLOSURE1 TWO OR ?REE MET]S 9 DIAMET]1 :]E ?OSE PRISON]S :O W]E DISOB$I5T OR ?OSE :OM ! GU>DS DISLIK$1 5T]$ BY A SMALL DOOR4 ,)9 ?IS *AMB] ! VICTIMS W]E =C$ TO WALK ON ! WIRE FLOOR = SEV]AL DAYS4 ,MANY P]I%$ & ?OSE :O SURVIV$ W]E CRIPPL$ = LIFE4 ,ONE ( ! HEAD GU>DS1 ,CAPTA9 ,POMPILIO1 :O ORD]$ ?IS TORTURE MANY TIMES1 WAS MADE TO PAY = HIS CRIMES BY ! PRISON]S4 ,IT WAS ABOLI%$ & REPLAC$ BY ANO!R SADI/IC PRACTICE2 ! 0HELADORA0 7FREEZ]74 

,! 0FREEZ]0 WAS A CEM5T BOX DIVID$ 9TO TWO COMP>TM5TS ) /EEL DOORS P]=AT$ ) SMALL HOLES1 ?R\< :I* P5ETRAT$ A LITTLE AIR4 ,:5 9SIDE ! BOX ! ,AFRICAN SUN HEAT$ ! CEM5T & ! PRISON]S W\LD ROA/4 ,AT NI<T ! EVAPORATION & ! COOLNESS W\LD CAUSE ! PRISON] TO FREEZE4 ,FEW LEFT ! 0HELADORA0 ON !IR [N FEET4 ,!Y HAD TO BE C>RI$ \T4 ,MANY NEV] RECOV]$ FROM ! 9JURIES SUFF]$4 

,! SO-CALL$ 9FIRM>Y WAS AT ONE TIME HEAD$ BY A *>LATAN ) ! TITLE ( 0,DOCTOR10 ,ESM]ALDO ,PRATA4 ,?IS *>ACT] WAS FAM\S = ! NUMB] ( SICK & TORTUR$ PEOPLE :OSE DEA?S HE HA/5$4 ,= !SE 0S]VICES0 HE WAS DULY REW>D$4 ,UPON RETURN+ TO ,PORTUGAL HE WAS HONOR$ BY ! ,*UR*1 :OM ,SALAZ>'S REGIME REPRES5TS4 ,HE WAS APPO9T$ DIRECTOR ( ! ,CA?OLIC ,DAILY NEWSPAP]1 ,BEIRA ,DAO4 

,?IS IS ,F>RAPAL4 ,?IS IS ! TRUE NATURE ( ,PORTUGUESE FASCISM4 ,WE CALL ATT5TION TO ?IS BECAUSE 9 ! PREOCCUPATION ) ! 0BIG C\NTRIES0 & ! 0GREAT P[]S0 WE >E PRONE TO =GET ! GREAT CRIMES 9 SMALL PLACES4 

,NOTE3 

,PAUL ,JOHNSON 9 ! ,NEW ,/ATESMAN1 ,LONDON1 QUOTES ,SALAZ> AS FOLL[S3 0,I AM ANTI-,LIB]AL1 ANTI-P>LIAM5T>IAN1 & ANTI-,DEMOCRATIC40 

,! ,POLICE MA9TA9 SUBMISSION ( ! PEOPLE ) TRANQUIL & EFFICI5T F]OCITY4 ,C5SOR%IP PREV5TS SC&AL1 BUT IT IS KN[N ?AT 9 ! PRISONS & O!R PLACES ( DET5TION SY/EMATIC TORTURE TO EXTRACT 9=MATION IS G5]ALLY PRACTIC$4 ,PORTUGUESE LAWS ADAPT$ ! PR9CIPLE ?AT 09T5TION0 IS A CRIME4 ,ANY P]SON CAN SUFF] PREV5TATIVE IMPRISONM5T1 )\T *>GE OR TRIAL1 = MON?S & CAN BE 9DEF9ITELY HELD BY ! POLICE4 ,!RE >E MANY CASES :]E POLITICAL PRISON]S HAVE BE5 =CIBLY DETA9$ = MANY YE>S )\T =MAL *>GES4 

--,PI]RE ,GR+OIRE 9 ,C4,N4,T41 ,LIB]T>IAN ,J\RNAL PUBLI%$ 9 ,T\L\SE1 ,FRANCE4 

,>G5T9A ,LOCKS ,\T ,REVOLUTION>Y ,UNION 

,COND5S$ FROM ! ,BULLET9 ( ! ,I4,W4,M4,A41 ,P>IS1 ,FRANCE1 ,M>*1 #a#i#e#h4 

,= ! LA/ #ae DAYS1 #ae ?\S& /RIK+ /EV$ORES HAVE BE5 SCABB$ ON BY ! >MY4 ,A #b#d-H\R /RIKE BY ! ,F4,O4,R4,A4 7,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/ ,LABOR ,F$]ATION7 = A WAGE 9CREASE & AGA9/ OPPRESSIVE GOV]NM5T REGIM5TATION HAS BE5 ! PRETEXT = ! LOCK-\T & ! GOV]NM5T SCABB+4 ,:AT EV5 ,P]ON W\LD HESITATE TO DO1 HIS SUCCESSORS1 ! 0DEMOCRATS0 ( ! 0LIB]AT+ REVOLUTION' >E DO+4 ,!IR AIM IS CLE>4 ,!Y WANT TO DE/ROY ?IS VALIANT UNION4 ,!Y >E AFRAID ?AT ! ,F4,O4,R4,A4 WILL HAVE A 0BAD0 9FLU5CE ON ! ,>G5T9E LABOR ORGANIZATIONS1 :O MI<T FOLL[ ITS EXAMPLE4 ,?IS IS :Y ! ,F4,O4,R4,A4 IS ! ONLY UNION ?AT !Y TREAT 9 ?IS MANN]4 

,:5 A DELEGATION ( ! ,F4,O4,R4,A4 APPE>$ BE=E ! PRESS & O!R *ANNELS ( 9=MATION & PROTE/$ ! ABS5CE ( ALL PUBLICITY AB\T ! \TRAGE\S CONDUCT ( ! GOV]NM5T1 ! DELEGATION WAS TOLD ?AT3 0,! GOV]NM5T HAS PROHIBIT$ ANY M5TION ( ! ,F4,O4,R4,A4 = ANY REASON :ATSOEV]1 SO \R H&S >E TI$40 ,?IS IS AN EXAMPLE ( ! UNEQUAL /RUGGLE AGA9/ NUM]\S & P[]FUL 5EMIES ?AT \R COMRADES 9 ,>G5T9A FACE4 ,! REVOLUTION>Y UNION MOVEM5T IS ATTACK$ BY POLITICIANS1 ! LABOR BUREAUCRACY1 ! BOL%EVIKS & O!R ELEM5TS :O SEE 9 ! ,F4,O4,R4,A4 A ?REAT TO !IR ANTI-LABOR POSITIONS & !IR S9ECURES4 

,! ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/ 9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+M5'S ,ASSOCIATION 7,I,W,M,A71 TO :I* ! ,F4,O4,R4,A4 IS AFFILIAT$1 CALLS ON ALL ITS SECTIONS ALL OV] ! WORLD1 UPON WORK]S EV]Y:]E TO MAKE ! FACTS KN[N & REGI/] !IR 9DIGNATION AGA9/ ! ACTS ( ! GOV]NM5T & ITS ALLIES4 ,IT IS NECESS>Y TO D5\NCE BE=E ! WORLD ! SCABB+ ( ! GOV]NM5T1 ! DISCRIM9ATION AGA9/ ! OLDE/ & MO/ REVOLUTION>Y UNION 9 ,>G5T9A1 ! ,F4,O4,R4,A4 ,! PRESS C5SOR%IP ( ! 0DEMOCRATIC0 RUL]S ( ,>G5T9A 9VOLVES NOT ONLY ! ,F4,O4,R4,A4 ,IT ?REAT5S ! :OLE LABOR MOVEM5T1 & ! CIVIL LIB]TIES ( ALL ! PEOPLE ( ,>G5T9A4 

,BELIZE BY ,EU/ASIO ,BEAUMONT ,W4 

,! SW+ BRIDGE SWUNG \T ( REA* JU/ AS ,I NE>$ IT4 ,I HAD A FIFTE5 M9UTE WAIT BE=E ME4 ,I OCCUPI$ ! TIME 9 LOOK+ AT ! RIV] TRAFFIC1 & 9 OBS]V+ ! DOZ5 OR SO NATIVES WAIT+ !RE ALONG ) ME4 

,RANG+ FROM MU/Y TO COAL BLACK1 !Y W]E JU/ AB\T ! F9E/ PHYSICAL SPECIM5S ,I HAD EV] SE5--TALL1 WELL-BUILT1 H&SOME1 P]FECT TEE?4 

,( 9F9ITELY V>Y+ MIXTURES ( BLOODS--R\<LY #f.0 ,C5TRAL ,AM]ICAN ,9DIAN 7,MAYA1 ,MOSQUITO1 ,C>IB71 #c.0 ,NEGRO1 & #a.0 ,EUROPEAN--!Y REM9D$ ME ( ! FACT ?AT SOME TWO HUNDR$ YE>S AGO1 ,BRITI% BUCCANE]S1 O/5SIBLY TURN+ A NEW LEAF1 OBTA9$ A CONCESSION FROM ! ,SPANI% ,CR[N & BEGAN EXPLOIT+ !SE VIRG9 =E/S ) ! AID ( ,AFRICAN SLAVES4 

,! BRIDGE SPANS ! ,BELIZE ,RIV] AT ITS PR9CIPAL \TLET1 & IS ! ONLY L& CONNECTION BETWE5 ! NOR? & ,S\? HALVES ( ! #b1 POPULATION T[N ( ,BELIZE4 ,BELIZE IS ! NAME NOT ONLY ( ! *IEF T[N1 BUT ALSO ( ! HILLY1 SUBTROPICAL1 LITTLE-KN[N #c1 SQU>E MILE PIECE ( ,GUATEMALA ?AT LIES JU/ S\? ( ,YUCATAN1 & COMPRISES PRACTICALLY ! :OLE ,GUATEMALAN ,ATLANTIC SEABO>D4 

,! ,BRITI%1 :O ACTUALLY OCCUPY ,BELIZE1 CONTR>Y TO ALL NORMS ( 9T]NATIONAL LAW1 HAVE R5AM$ IT ,BRITI% ,HONDURAS4 ,(FIC]S & M5 ( ! ,DUKE ( ,CORNWALL'S ,LI<T ,9FANTRY1 ! ,ROYAL ,WEL% ,FUSILLI]S1 ! ,R4,A4,F4 & ! ,ROYAL ,NAVY MAKE UP AB\T T5 P]C5T ( ! POPULATION4 ,ANO!R FIVE P]C5T IS MADE UP ( ,BRITI%-UNI=M$1 NATIVES 7QUISL+S7 & ,WE/ ,9DIAN TROOPS4 

,! CONVOY ( MOTOR BOATS1 EA* T[+ A /R+ ( ?REE OR F\R LAD5 B>GES1 *UGG$ SL[LY PA/ & \T 9TO ! %ALL[1 SILT$ H>BOR4 ,! C>GOES W]E SIX FOOT ?ICK1 BLOOD R$ MAHOGANY LOGS 7! BE/ 9 ! WORLD71 BALES ( *ICLE--*EW+ GUM 9 ! RAW 7! BE/ 9 ! WORLD71 & FRE% & CANN$ GRAPEFRUIT 7ALSO ! BE/ 9 ! WORLD74 

,ALL ?IS WEAL? ON ITS WAY TO ! WAIT+ %IPS & ! M>KETS ( ,EUROPE & ,NOR? ,AM]ICA WAS 9 %OCK+ CONTRA/ TO ! RAGS ?AT FLAPP$ AB\T ! FRAMES ( ! NATIVE B>GEM5 & !IR K9FOLK ON %ORE1 ! TUMBL$[N %ACKS1 ! N>R[1 CROOK$1 UNPAV$ /REETS )\T SIDEWALKS--! G5]AL AIR ( SQUALLID POV]TY EV]Y:]E4 

,ON ?IS1 MY FIR/ DAY BACK HOME 9 ! L& ( MY BIR?1 AFT] TW5TY YE>S' ABS5CE1 ,I WAS RAPIDLY BEG9N+ TO REALIZE ?AT ! ?+S ,I HAD READ 9 ,BRITI% PAP]S & HE>D ON ! ,B,B,C AB\T ,BRITI% COLONIES W]E WORSE ?AN EYEWA%4 

,?IS TRA9 ( ?\<T WAS 9T]RUPT$ BY A FRI5DLY H& ON MY >M1 & A PLEASANT VOICE GREET+ ME4 

0,HELLO1 ,EU/ASIO40 

,IT WAS ,AUBREY ,LA+1 A ?IRTYI%1 H&SOME SAMBO1 & MY BUDDY 9 K9D]G>T5 DAYS4 ,WE EMBRAC$ ,LAT9-,AM]ICAN FA%ION1 !N />T$ TO EX*ANGE NOTES 9 0,CREOLE10 ! LOCAL PATOIS4 ,MO/ ,BELIZEANS SPEAK ,5GLI% TODAY1 AFT] G5]ATIONS ( ,BRITI% RULE2 BUT ALL >E MORE AT HOME 9 SOME O!R TONGUE--,MAYAN1 ,SPANI%1 ,C>IB1 ,CREOLE1 ETC4 

,AUBREY HAD TRAVEL$ \T A BIT2 HAD WORK$ 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 ,CANADA & ,PANAMA4 ,IT DIDN'T TAKE HIM LONG TO PUT ! @s#f#d1 QUE/ION4 

0,BWAH1 DA WEH Y\ DI DO YAH8 ,Y\ NO KN[ SELF DIS DI WUS C\NTRY 9N DI WORLD80 7,BOY1 :AT >E Y\ DO+ H]E8 ,DON'T Y\ REALIZE ?AT ?IS IS ! WOR/-(F C\NTRY 9 ! WORLD874 

,?AT WAS SIX YE>S AGO4 ,BUT1 9 HIS WAY ( ?9K+1 ,AUBREY WAS NOT A LONE WOLF !N4 ,& HE ISN'T N[4 ,! VA/ MAJORITY ( US ,BELIZEANS FEEL ! SAME WAY4 ,EV] S9CE ! ,BRITI% 7PIRATES' DESC5DANTS7 HAUL$ D[N ! BLUE & :ITE ,C5TRAL ,AM]ICAN FLAG ON ! 0,BATTLEFIELD10 AS ! T[N'S C5TRAL PLAZA IS CALL$1 9 #a#h#f#a4 ,?AT FLAG HAD BE5 RUN UP 9 #ahba :5 ,SIMON ,BOLIV> PROCLAIM$ ! 9DEP5D5CE ( ALL ,SPANI% ,AM]ICA4 ,AT ! SAME TIME HE ABOLI%$ SLAV]Y 9 ALL !SE L&S4 ,! ,BRITI% HOI/$ ! ,UNION ,JACK 9 ITS /EAD4 ,IT /ILL FLUTT]S !RE4 

,?\S&S ( ,BELIZEANS HAVE SUFF]$ P]SECUTION1 IMPRISONM5T1 & DEA? = REFUS+ TO GIVE UP ! AIM ( SEE+ \R BIT ( C\NTRY FREE ONCE AGA94 

,LIKE ,WORLD ,W> ,I PRIVATE 7,BRITI% ,WE/ ,9DIA ,REGIM5T7 ,JAMES ,MC,LEAN1 BETT] KN[N AS 0,! ,LION ( ,JUDAH10 :OM ,I GOT TO KN[ A FEW DAYS LAT]4 ,?IS ROBU/1 SIX-FOOT TWO-9* ,NEGRO ) A WALRUS MU/A*E & ! BURN+ EYES ( A SE]1 WAS GIV+ A SOAP BOX SPEE* 9 ,MULE ,P>K4 ,MULE ,P>K LIES HALF-WAY BETWE51 & A /ONE'S ?R[ FROM BO? ! 0,BATTLEFIELD0 & ! SW+ BRIDGE4 

0,I AM NOT ,BRITI%4 ,WE >E NOT--HAVE NEV] BE5 ,BRITI%4 ,WE >E ,C5TRAL ,AM]ICANS10 HE BELL[$4 0,I DON'T C>E IF !Y PUT ME BACK 9 ! ,BA/ILLE AGA9 RI<T N[4 ,! ,BIBLE SAYS '! TRU? %ALL MAKE US FREE1'0 & SO ON4 

,HIS CLIPP$1 ,OX=D ACC5T & %ABBY1 ,JOB-LIKE ASPECT CONTRA/$ UNBELIEVABLY ) HIS FI]Y WORDS4 

0,! ,LION0 HAD BE5 IMPRISON$ MORE ?AN A DOZ5 TIMES ON *>GES ( S$ITION & ! LIKE1 FLOGG$ 9 PRISON1 &1 WAGG+ AN ACCUSATORY =EF+] AT ,H] ,MAJE/Y'S ,PRISON 7P]HAPS ! L>GE/ BUILD+ 9 ,BELIZE71 HE W\LD EXCLAIM1 0,!IR 9T5TION IS EVIL4 ,!Y WORK ) ! ,DEVIL60 

,A FEW MON?S AFT]W>DS 0,! ,LION0 WAS >RE/$ = ! F9AL TIME4 ,AS HE WAS UNABLE TO 0PROVE0 ?AT HE WAS NOT A PUBLIC *>GE1 HE WAS COMMITT$ TO ! ,POOR ,H\SE4 7,UNEMPLOYM5T 9 ,BELIZE RUNS AS HI< AS SIXTY P]C5T6 7 ,H]E1 A FEW WEEKS LAT]1 HE PASS$ AWAY FROM 09ANITION10 ACCORD+ TO ! ,PR9CIPAL ,M$ICAL ,(FIC]'S C]TIFICATION4 

,HIS LEON9E FIGURE LEADS NO MORE ! PROCESSIONS & DEMON/RATIONS ( PATRIOTIC PROTE/4 ,MULE ,P>K HAS BE5 DEMOLI%$1 & PUBLIC MEET+S =BIDD5 ON ?AT TRADITIONAL SPOT4 

,BUT ,NATURE 9 H] ,$5IC BEAUTY 9 ,BELIZE SEEMS OBLIVI\S TO ! VIL5ESS ( MAN4 ,! CORAL CAYS 7MORE ?AN #a ( !M7 PUT ! ,S\? ,SEA ,ISL&S 9 ! %ADE4 ,A TRIP !RE 9 A GLASS-BOTTOM$ BOAT PAYS (F BETT] 9 ?RILL & BEAUTY ?AN ANY:]E ELSE 9 ! WORLD4 ,! COCONUT PALMS COV] ! CAYS & EV5 GR[ \T ( ! W>M1 %ALL[1 CRY/AL SEA NE> %ORE4 ,! LOB/]S1 CON*S1 TURTLES1 K+FI% & DOZ5S ( O!R K9DS ( SEA FOOD CONT9UE TO BEG TO BE TAK54 ,! PLANES LOAD$ ) !M TAKE (F DAILY = ,MIAMI & PO9TS NOR?4 

,P]HAPS ?AT'S :Y #c-YE>-OLD1 DAPP] LITTLE ,MAYAN ,JOSE ,G>CIA ACCEPT$--:5 HE1 HIS WIFE & TWO LITTLE DAU<T]S1 AG$ FIVE & SEV51 W]E 9VIT$ TO WEEK-5D AT ,SAN ,P$RO ,CAY1 ONE ( ! L>GE/ ISLETS1 SOME TW5TY-FIVE MILES NOR!A/ ( ,BELIZE-T[N4 ,JOSE1 ,GUATEMALAN UNIV]SITY GRADUATE & MILLIONAIRE'S SON1 WAS ,GUATEMALAN ,CONSUL 9 ,BELIZE >\ND #a#i#e#d4 ,GUATEMALA1 )\T EV] CEAS+ TO PROTE/ BE=E WORLD OP9ION ! ,BRITI% USURPATION ( ?IS ONE-SIX? ( H] T]RITORY1 MA9TA9S A CONSULATE !RE1 AS ! BE/ A SMALL1 WEAK NATION CAN DO UND] ! CIRCUM/ANCES4 

,JOSE %\LD HAVE KN[N BETT]4 ,HIS LATE/-MODEL1 P9K-&-CREAM ,PACK>D HAD BE5 WRECK$ 9 AN 0ACCID5TAL0 COLLISION ) A T5-TON TRUCK JU/ A FEW DAYS PREVI\SLY4 ,HE HAD ESCAP$ ) HIS LIFE BY A MIRACLE4 ,JOSE %\LD HAVE TI$ ?IS 9 ) HIS FE>LESS & 5]GETIC D5UNCIATION ( C]TA9 ,BRITI% ,COLONIAL ACTIONS 9 ,BELIZE3 ,! ,CROMWELL-LIKE DISSOLUTION & CLOS+ ( ! #f.0 ELECT$1 #d.0 NOM9AT$ ,LEGISLATURE BY ,GOV]NOR ,SIR ,RONALD ,G>VEY4 ,! LEGISLATORS HAD REFUS$ BY MAJORITY VOTE TO HANG A PORTRAIT ( ,QUE5 ,ELIZABE? ,I,I 9 ! ,*AMB]4 ,! JAIL+ ( TWO NEWSPAP]M5 = PUBLI%+ AN >TICLE 5TITL$ 0,T5 ,DAYS ,9 ,P>ADISE0 AFT] A %ORT /AY 9 ,GUATEMALA ,CITY2 & AN EXC]PT FROM ,?OMAS ,PA9E'S IMMORTAL 0,RI<TS ( ,MAN0 UND] ! CAPTION 0,K+%IP & ! ,PEOPLE40 

,G>CIA W5T FI%+ 9 *OPPY WEA!R ACCOMPANI$ BY A NOTORI\S 0T\<40 ,! CANOE OV]TURN$ & SANK SOME TWO MILES FROM %ORE4 ,?IS WAS AN ALMO/ UNHE>D ( ?+ !RE :]E EV]YONE ABOVE ! AGE ( T5 IS AN EXP]T SEAMAN4 ,G>CIA1 A GOOD SWIMM]1 KNEW NO?+ ( ! LOCAL TIDES & CURR5TS2 & ?IS 0ACCID5T0 HAD TAK5 PLACE AT ! MO/ TREA*]\S SPOT 9 ! >EA4 ,! 0 T\<0 EASILY SWAM TO %ORE :]E2 A FEW DAYS LAT]1 HE WAS SP5D+ A LOT ( FOLD+ MONEY4 ,JOSE ,G>CIA FAIL$ TO MAKE IT4 

,TODAY1 HIS WID[ & ORPHANS 9 ,GUATEMALA ,CITY HAVE ! RE/ ( !IR LIVES TO MULL OV] :AT ,BONAP>TE CALL$ 0,ALBION'S P]FIDY40 

,!RE >E /ILL SOME FAIR-PLAY-LOV+ ,5GLI%M5 9 ! WORLD4 ,LIKE ,BRITI% UNIV]SITY PR(ESSOR ,HUXLEY1 :O SP5T ?REE DAYS 9 ,BELIZE 9 #a#i#e#c4 ,ON RETURN+ TO ,5GL& HE PUBLI%$ AN >TICLE AB\T ! PLACE 5TITL$ 0,BRITA9'S ,=GOTT5 ,COLONY40 ,SOME EXC]PTS3 0,:5 ,I L&$ 9 ,BELIZE ,I FELT A%AM$ ( ! FACT ?AT ,I AM AN ,5GLI%MAN40 0,BRITI% ,HONDURAS IS ! G>BAGE DUMP ( ! ,COMMONWEAL?40 

,BUT 9 ,BELIZE ! *ILDR5 /ILL WADE 9 ! NOISOME1 OP51 SEWAGE-CLOGG$ CANALS FROM :I* LOCAL BUT*]S DRAW WAT] TO SWAB D[N !IR /ALLS6 ,! ACCUSATIONS ( TREASON & S$ITION1 ! >RE/S1 ! JAIL+S1 ! BEAT+S & 0ACCID5TAL0 DEA?S /ILL GO ON4 

,GEORGE ,PRICE1 9TELLIG5T1 Y\NG 79 HIS ?IRTIES7 NATIVE LEAD] ( ! ,PEOPLES' ,UNIT$ ,P>TY :I* HAS POLL$ UPW>DS ( #g#e.0 ( ! VOTES 9 EV]Y 7,BRITI% SUP]VIS$7 ELECTION HELD 9 ,BELIZE S9CE #a#i#d1 WAS TRI$ REC5TLY BY A JUDGE IMPORT$ ESPECIALLY FROM ,5GL& = ! CASE4 ,! *>GE3 HAV+ 0CONTACT0 ) ! RE/ ( ,GUATEMALA6 ,! JUDGE'S SAL>Y3 @s#a1 DOLL>S A MON?4 ,AV]AGE ,BELIZE WAGES3 ?IRTE5 C5TS AN H\R4 

,PRICE WAS FRE$ BUT SUBSEQU5TLY >BITR>ILY REMOV$ FROM HIS SEATS 9 ! ,LEGISLATURE & ON ! ,EXECUTIVE ,C\NCIL7,CAB9ET74 ,?IS JUDGE !N DECL>$3 0,!RE IS NO ,COMMUNISM 9 ,BRITI% ,HONDURAS40 

,ALL ! 0,BELIZE ,QUE/ION0 NE$S1 !N1 = ITS SOLUTION IS AN ACT ( =?RI<T 9T]NATIONAL JU/ICE--! RI<T+ ( A C5TURY-OLD WRONG4 ,! AV]AGE ,BELIZEAN IS NOT ANTI ANY?+2 HE IS JU/ PRO ,C5TRAL ,AM]ICAN4 ,! TWO MO/ WIDELY PLAY$ SPORTS1 BASEBALL & CRICKET1 >E EQUALLY POPUL>4 

,REG>D+ ! PRES5T SITUATION 9 ,BELIZE1 AS ONE NATIVE WAS 9SPIR$ TO REM>K TO A GR\P ( ,5GLI%M5 ON ! V]&A ( MOD]N1 LITTLE ,=T ,GEORGE ,HOTEL 7,BELIZE'S BE/71 0,IT MAY BE ! PR9CIPLES & PROC$URE ?AT BUILT ! ,BRITI% ,COMMONWEAL?1 BUT IT JU/ ISN'T CRICKET60 

,A ,REVOLUTION>Y ,FI<T]--,NE/OR ,MAKHNO BY ,LIB]TO ,CALLEJAS 

,REPR9T$ FROM ,D,I,R,E,C,T ,A,C,T,I,O,N4 

,NE/OR ,MAKHNO DI$ 9 ,P>IS ON ,JULY #b#h?1 #a#i#c#d4 ,HE DI$ POOR & CONSUMPTIVE4 ,9 REMEMB]+ ?IS FIGURE ( /RUGGLE LET US RECALL HIS YE>S ( EXILE 9 ,FRANCE4 ,SLI<T ( /ATURE1 FI]Y1 ALWAYS RE/LESS1 ! ,RUSSIAN GU]RILLA LIV$ 9 ! OLD SUBURB ( ,BELLEVILLE4 ,FROM ! ,J>D9 DE ,BUTTES ,*AUMONT ! GREAT NETWORK ( PROLET>IAN ,P>IS CAN BE SE51 V]Y DIFF]5T FROM ?AT ( ! O!R DI/RICTS2 B\RGEOIS ,PASSY & DECAD5T ,MONTM>TRE4 ,BELLEVILLE WAS ! C5T] ( ! CONSPIRATORS4 ,FROM ! ,PLACE DE LA ,NATION TO ! ,PLACE DE ,COMBAT1 EXT5D$ ! WEB ( ! EXILES4 ,REUNIONS1 CONGRESSES1 P]IODICALS1 PAMPHLETS1 WEAPONS4 ,EV]Y?+ EMANAT$ FROM ?IS >EA1 JU/ LIKE ! #e? ,DI/RICT ( ,B>CELONA4 

,NE/OR ,MAKHNO FIGUR$ AMONG ! GR\P ( ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION>IES4 ,>*9(F1 ,VOL9E1 ETC4 ,WE WI% ?AT !Y C\LD HAVE DI$ 9 ,SPA91 9 ! :EAT-FIELDS & 9 ! SUN4 

,BUT ,MAKHNO DID NOT DIE 9 ! :EAT-FIELDS & UND] ! HOT SUN ( ,SPA91 SO LIKE HIS NATIVE ,UKRA9E4 ,HE DI$ AT ! AGE ( =TY-F\R1 SPITT+ BLOOD4 

 "9 "9 "9 

,NE/OR ,IVANOVIT* ,MAKHNO WAS BORN ON ,OCTOB] #b#g?1 #a#h#h#i4 ,HIS FA!R WAS A PEASANT & PL[$ ! E>? FROM SUN-UP TO SUN-D[N4 ,MIS]Y REIGN$ 9 !IR HOME1 & ! SIL5CE ( DEA? COV]$ ! ,RUSSIAN L&4 ,! ,CZ> WAS ,LORD & ,MA/] OV] LIVES & GOODS1 ,! ,COSSACKS DOM9AT$ ! T[NS & VILLAGES ) BLOOD & FIRE4 ,GULAI-,POLYE WAS A SMALL VILLAGE ( L[LY HUTS1 & !RE ! FUTURE GU]RILLA GU>D$ ! FLOCKS4 ,AT ! AGE ( T5 HE BECAME AN ORPHAN4 ,HE HIR$ \T HIS /R5G? TO ! RI* GRAN>IES ( ! DI/RICT4 ,HE SUFF]$ ! EXPLOITATION ( ! MA/] & ! TYRANNY ( ! GOV]NM5T4 ,AFT] ! H>D TOIL ( ! FIELDS HE READ ) AVIDITY ! WORKS ( ,KROPOTK91 ,BAKUN91 ,TOL/OY1 ,MAXIM ,GORKI1 HIS FAVORITE AU?ORS4 ,AT FIFTE5 HE /RUGGL$ 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y RANKS & EMBRAC$ ! IDEAL ( ,AN>*ISM ) ALL ! PASSION ( HIS Y\?4 ,POSSESS$ ) A QU5*LESS FIRE1 /RONG-WILL$1 & DI/+UI%$ BY ! /R5G? ( HIS BR[ & HIS S]5ITY :5 FAC$ ) DANG]1 HE GREW 9TO A MAN ( ACTION & ( FEW WORDS4 ,TACITURN & SIL5T1 HE LI/5$ TO ! OLD MILITANTS & !N ACT$ UPON !IR ADVICE4 

,HE AB&ON$ ! C\NTRYSIDE & W5T TO ! CITIES1 :]E HE 5T]$ 9TO ! /RUGGLE ) FI]CE DECISION4 ,9 #aih HE FELL$ A TYRANT LIKE AN OX4 ,! POLICEMAN1 ,LIPET*5KO1 AN (FICIAL UND] ! ORD]S ( ! CR[N$ AUTOCRAT1 PAID ) HIS LIFE = ! CRUELTIES HE HAD COMMITT$ AGA9/ ! REVOLUTION>Y VANGU>D4 ,MAKHNO WAS >RE/$ & CONDEMN$ TO ! GALL[S4 ,! S5T5CE WAS COMMUT$ TO ?IRTY YE>S IMPRISONM5T4 ,HE WAS 9 ! ,MOSC[ ,C5TRAL ,PRISON = N9E YE>S4 

,! PRISON WAS LIKE A S*OOL4 ,HE LE>N$ MU* !RE1 BO? AMONG ! BOOKS & ! M54 

,9 #aiag HE WAS LIB]AT$4 

,HE LEFT ! CITY & W5T TO ! FIELDS ONCE AGA94 ,!RE W]E HIS BRO!RS1 !RE W]E ! SLAVES ( ! SOIL1 ! POOR MUJIKS1 SCORN$ & SLAU<T]$ BY ! AU?ORITIES4 ,HE DEVOT$ HIMSELF TO !M4 ,UKRA9E WAS HIS FIELD ( ACTION4 ,HE W5T FROM PLACE TO PLACE ORGANIZ+ & CONSPIR+4 ,! POOR ( ! L& RECEIV$ HIM 9 AN AFFECTIONATE MANN]1 CALL+ HIM 0LITTLE FA!R10 & PLAC+ AT HIS DISPOSAL HORSES1 EQUIPM5T1 FOOD1 M54 ,HE SUCCE$$ 9 F\ND+ A FREE COMMUNE1 )\T AU?ORITIES OR POLITICS4 ,HE PROPAGAT$ ! FREE SOCIETY1 & TRAVEL$ FROM ! NOR? TO ! S\? ( ! ,UKRA9E4 ,! 9FLU5CE ( ! AN>*I/ GU]RILLA WAS FELT TO BE PREEM95T4 

,! REVOLUTION RAG$1 & ?IS AGRICULTURAL REGION1 AS A RESULT ( ITS 9VIT+ OP5 FRONT TO ! WE/1 WAS ! FIR/ OBJECTIVE ( ! POLITICAL ADV5TUR]S 2 ,SKOROPADSKI1 !N ,PETLIURA1 YET LAT] ,WRANGEL1 ,D5IK9 & ,KOL*AK FELL LIKE HY5AS ON ! ,UKRA9E4 

,BUT ! ,UKRA9E WAS NEI!R HUMILIAT$ NOR CONQU]$4 ,!RE W]E ,MAKHNO & HIS GU]RILLAS4 ,! BLACK BANN] ( ,AN>*ISM WAV$ 9 ! W9D & WAS A SYMBOL ( LIB]ATION4 ,L& & FREE ,SOVIETS6 ,?AT WAS ! WAT*WORD ( ! ,UKRA9IAN PEASANTS4 

,MAKHNO SAV$ ! ,UKRA9E4 ,! CUNN+ ,BOL%EVIKS1 FROM ,L59 TO ,TROTSKY1 W]E AW>E ( ?IS4 ,MAKHNO WAS ONE ( ! MO/ >D5T DEF5D]S ( ! ,SOVIET REVOLUTION4 ,?IS1 ! COMMUNI/S ( ! P>TY1 :O EV5 REC5TLY 9SULT$1 & /ILL 9SULT1 HIS P]SON1 >E NOT UNAW>E (4 ,MAKHNO WAS ! ANIMATOR1 ! MAN ( ACTION ( ! ,UKRA9E4 ,HE UNIT$ ) ! COMMUNI/ REVOLUTION>IES 9 ORD] TO FI<T ! CAPITALI/ C\NT]-REVOLUTION4 ,HE WAS NEI!R A TRAITOR NOR A SEP>ATI/4 ,! >MY ( ,MAKHNO DID :AT WAS EXPECT$ ( IT4 

,! H>D FI<T AGA9/ ! ,AU/RO-,G]MAN =CES1 ! OM9\S RESULT ( ! TREATY ( ,BRE/-,LITOVSK1 SIGN$ BY ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 ) ! ,KAIS]'S ,G]MANY1 & ,D5IK9'S (F5SIVE1 WAS WON BY ,MAKHNO & ! C\RAGE\S ,AN>*I/ PEASANTS4 ,MAKHNO WAS A H]O ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,ALL ,RUSSIA RECOGNIZ$ ?IS4 ,IF \R COMRADE HAD LIK$1 & HAD FOLL[$ ! SUGGE/IONS ( ,TROTSKY1 HE W\LD HAVE BECOME A M>%AL ( ! ,R$ ,>MY4 ,HE DID NOT WI% IT1 = HE WAS NEI!R A C>E]I/ NOR A POLITICAL ADV5TUR]4 ,HE HAD RESPECT = HIS IDEAS1 ! REJECTION ( ALL GOV]NM5T & DICTATOR%IP4 ,HE F\<T AGA9/ DICTATORIAL ,BOL%EVISM AS HE HAD F\<T AGA9/ ! CAPITALI/ REACTION4 ,HE WAS DRIV5 \T & DEFAM$ & ! ,COMMUNI/S OP5$ AN 9FAM\S P]IOD ( REPRESSION AGA9/ ! ,UKRA9IAN ,AN>*I/S4 

,?IS WAS ,MAKHNO1 ! SELF-D5I]1 ! HUMBLE COMRADE :O LIV$ 9 EXILE 9 ,P>IS1 HIS BODY COV]$ )' W\NDS1 WORK+ AS A C>P5T]1 TOGE!R ) HIS WIFE & LITTLE SON4 

,HE DI$ LOYAL TO HIS IDEAS & HIS FAI?4 ,HE DI$ AS A MAN4 ,TREA*]Y DID NOT BLEMI% HIS NAME4 

 "9 "9 "9 

0,IS A Y\NG MAN B\ND TO S]VE HIS C\NTRY 9 W>8 ,9 ADDITION TO HIS LEGAL DUTY !RE IS P]HAPS ALSO A MORAL DUTY1 BUT IT IS V]Y OBSCURE4 ,:AT IS CALL$ HIS C\NTRY IS ONLY ITS GOV]NM5T1 & ?AT GOV]NM5T CONSI/S M]ELY ( PR(ESSIONAL POLITICIANS1 A P>ASITICAL & ANTI-SOCIAL CLASS ( M54 ,!Y NEV] SACRIFICE !MSELVES = !IR C\NTRY4 ,!Y MAKE ALL W>S1 BUT V]Y FEW ( !M EV] DIE 9 ONE4 ,IF IT IS ! DUTY ( A Y\NG MAN TO S]VE HIS C\NTRY UND] ALL CIRCUM/ANCES !N IT IS EQUALLY ! DUTY ( AN 5EMY Y\NG MAN TO S]VE HIS4 ,?US WE COME TO A MORAL CONTRADICTION & ABSURDITY1 SO OBVI\S ?AT EV5 CL]GYM5 & $ITORIAL WRIT]S SOMETIMES NOTICE IT40 

FROM ,M9ORITY ,REPORT1 ,H4,L4 ,M5CK5'S ,NOTEBOOKS 

,LIB]T>IAN ,BOOK%ELF 

,! FOLL[+ ITEMS >E AVAILABLE FROM ,VIEWS ,& ,COMM5TS4 ,PRICES >E HELD AS L[ AS POSSIBLE4 ,WE PAY PO/AGE ON ALL ITEMS4 ,MAKE *ECKS OR MONEY ORD]S PAYABLE TO ,R4 ,ELL+TON4 

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,E?ICS & ,AM]ICAN ,UNIONISM BY ,SAM ,WE9] #a C5TS 

,A ,PLEA ,= ,MORE ,VOCAL ,DIRECT ,ACTION BY ,GREGORY ,/ORM1 ,*ICAGO 

,AS REVOLUTIONI/S WE MU/ C>RY ! CASE = :AT WE CONSID] DESIRABLE SOCIAL *ANGE TO ! VA/ MASSES ( MILLIONS ( PEOPLE 9 ?IS C\NTRY4 ,CONDEMN$ BY ,GOD & \R PRES5T NUMB]S TO />T+ SMALL1 LET US MAKE ! BE/ ( :AT WE N[ MU/ BE4 

,WE RUB ELB[S ) 0! MANY0 EA* DAY ( \R LIVES4 ,EV]Y TIME WE RUB ELB[S 7OR EV]Y O!R TIME1 IF WE *]I% \R MOM5TS ( PR(\ND M$ITATION7 WE %\LD LET SOME ( \R IDEAS RUB (F4 ,NOT NECESS>ILY QUOTATIONS FROM ,MALATE/A1 ?\< ?AT TOO IS GOOD1 BUT A REF9$1 DELIB]ATE GRIPE1 ) POSSIBLY A BOLD H9T ( IDEOLOGICAL UND]P9N+S1 :I* MAY SEEM P]FECTLY REASONABLE OR P]HAPS AT LEA/ ?REE-F\R?S JU/IFIABLE TO ! ,SPEAK]4 

,! WORK+ PEOPLE1 ! MIDDLE-CLASS FOLK1 /UD5TS1 JU/ FRI5DS1 %\LD HE> /RAI<T FROM ! HORSE'S M\? :AT A H>NESS$ FELL[-CREATURE HAS TO SAY AB\T ! SADDLES ON ALL \R B5T BACKS1 & ?OSE GREASY1 %IFTY EQUE/RIANS :O PR(IT SO RI*LY FROM \R POSITION4 

,UND] ! ?9 SK9 ( ,COCA ,COLA CULTURE1 CON=MITY1 APA?Y 7A RESPONSE 9 L>GE P>T DUE TO FE>7 WE CAN F9D OP9IONS />TL+LY SIMIL> TO \R [N4 ,WE KN[ = EXAMPLE ! POPUL> ,AM]ICAN DI/RU/ ( POLITICIANS1 F9E4 ,DEVELOP ?AT PO9T ! NEXT TIME SOMEONE CRACKS A JOKE -- GOOD OR POOR -- AB\T SOME POLITICAL BALD]DA% ?AT HE HE>D \T ( ! ,T,V SET 9 ,MAXY'S GREASY ,SPOON4 

,TO MANY ,AM]ICANS--,I'M C\NT+ 9 ! MILLIONS--0,BIG ,BUS9ESS0 IS 0UNJU/0 & 0SOME?+ %\LD BE DONE AB\T0 ! FREE-:EEL+ CAPITALI/S4 ,& TO MANY ( !SE SAME S\LS1 0,LABOR ,BOSSES0 >E A SIGN ( EVIL 9 ,AM]ICAN UNIONS1 & 0,BIG ,GOV]NM5T0 V]Y1 V]Y BAD4 

,!SE >E BEAUTIFUL />T+ PO9TS = US6 ,WE %\LD NOT OV]LOOK ! COMMON GR\ND WE HAVE ) MANY1 MANY PEOPLE 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES :O HAVE NEV] EV5 HE>D ( AN>*ISM4 

,I SUGGE/ ?AT ?OSE ( US :O SO CONV9C+LY VOICE \R OP9IONS TO EA* O!R AT MEET+S1 EXPRESS \RSELVES EA* BY HIS LONESOME OR ) COMPANIONS 9 ! /REETS1 AT ! B> & GRILL1 ALMO/ EV]Y:]E1 EXCEPT 9 SU* PLACES & AT SU* TIMES :]E & :5 SIL5CE IS TRULY GOLD54 

,IT MAY BE SURPRIS+ TO SOME ( \R NEW] NEW-COM]S TO HE> ?IS NECESSITY = VOCAL DIRECT ACTION EMPHASIZ$ SO URG5TLY1 BUT ! FACT IS ?AT IT IS NECESS>Y TO WAG LIB]T>IAN TONSILS MORE1 COMPET+ JU/ ?AT MU* MORE ) ,MADISON ,AV5UE & ,CAPITOL ,HILL1 ?US EFFECT+-ONE MORE DEGREE ( *ANGE 9 ! IDEOLOGICAL CLIMATE ( ! ,MA9 ,/REETS & ! SIDE /REETS ( ! WORLD 9 :I* WE LIVE1 MOVE & BREA! ) SU* DIFFICULTY4 

,LETT] ,FROM ,! ,BIBLE ,BELT 

,! FOLL[+ WAS RECEIV$ FROM ,NOR? ,C>OL9A1 9 REPLY TO A LETT] BY A ,LEAGUE MEMB] SUGGE/+ ! POSSIBILITY ( SOME RADICAL ACTIVITY4 

,:5 IT COMES TO ANY 0LOCAL DISCUSSION GR\PS ( NON-CON=MI/S ON A GRASS-ROOTS LEVEL0--9 ?IS >EA--WORDS SORT ( FAIL US4 ,IT IS TO LAU<--OR TO WEEP MAYBE4 ,!SE CORNFIELDS ( CONS]VATISM6 ,SWEET 0L& ( S[-BELLY & SEGREGATION60 ,WE BUILD *UR*ES1 WOR%IP CON=MITY1 & SAVE S\LS4 ,Y\ WANT Y\R S\L SAV$1 Y\ COME H]E4 ,REVIVALS8 ,HAVE Y\ READ ,! ,REBEL ,YELL 7,H4 ,ALL5 ,SMI?1 ,I ?9K72 !RE'S MORE TRU? ?AN EXAGG]ATION 9 IT & IT APPLIES TO RURAL >EAS AS WELL AS ! T[NS4 

,BAPTI/S & ,ME?ODI/S PR$OM9ATE4 ,I TRI$ SAY+ MY LITTLE PIECE AB\T W>1 9 ! WOM5'S ,SUNDAY ,S*OOL CLASS 9 A *APEL NOT F> FROM H]E4 ,I HAD TRI$ TO BUILD UP TO ?IS1 PREVI\SLY1 SPEAK+ 9 ! SIMPLE/ T]MS ( SOCIAL 9JU/ICE4 ,BUT ?AT DAY1 ! M9I/]--A REALLY GOOD MAN1 N[ UN=TUNATELY TRANSF]R$ ! WAY ,ME?ODI/S >E--GLORIFI$ ! ,KOREAN W> & ,BILLY ,GRAHAM'S PRAISE ( IT1 & ?IS ,I C\LDN'T TAKE4 ,:5 ,I GOT ?R\<1 MO/ ( ?OSE NICE LADIES SAID ANGRY ?+S TO ME--,I GUESS ,BILLY ,GRAHAM IS ,JESUS ,*RI/ TO !M4 ,BUT ?REE ( !M SAID NO?+ UNTIL LAT]1 :5 !Y CAME TO ME S+LY & SAID QUIETLY & CONSOL+LY1 0,Y\ >E RI<T40 ,BUT ,I HAD HAD 5\<4 ,SO Y\ SEE ,I'M NOT GOOD AT SPREAD+ IDEAS--AL?\< P]HAPS ?REE \T ( #bd IS NOT SO BAD A P]C5TAGE AT ?AT4 

,!RE >E SOME WORSE-S\ND+ ?+S ?AN ,BAPTI/S2 !RE >E *UR*ES ( ! ,P5TECO/AL ,HOL9ESS & :AT NOT1 & A *UR* :OSE MEMB]S CUT !MSELVES (F FROM ALL :O 5T] ANY O!R *UR*1 & ?IS 9 ! NAME ( ,*RI/IAN LOVE4 ,I DON'T MEAN TO BE FUNNY2 IT IS TRAGIC4 ,& ,I DIDN'T 9T5D TO SAY SO MU* AB\T RELIGION1 BUT ?AT'S :AT EV]Y?+ IS H]E4 

,NOT A MEET+--OR A S*OOL SESSION --BUT IS OP5$ BY SOME RELIGI\S RITUAL4 ,& >E !RE MEET+S6--,GRANGE1 ,P,T,A1 ,FRI5DLY ,BOOK ,CLUB1 ,HOME ,DEMON/RATION ,CLUB1 ,WOM5'S ,SOCIETY = ,*RI/IAN ,S]VICE1 PRAY] MEET+S1 SPECIAL MEET+S1 & REGUL> *UR*4 ,PREA*+ TWICE A MON?1 & ! CONGREGATION O!RWISE DOES ITS [N S]VICES1 & IT TAKES C>E ( JANITOR DUTY4 

,! WOM5 ESPECIALLY DO SO MU*2 A F>M] NEV] BO!RS ) VEGETABLES--HIS WIFE RAISES !M & EV]Y?+ ELSE1 9CLUD+ HELP+ HIM F>M4 ,ONE DAY WE PICK$ UP A POOR OLD DUFF] :O WAS TRUDG+ ALONG & GAVE HIM A LIFT TO HIS HOME4 ,HE SAID HE'D LO/ HIS WIFE A FEW WEEKS AGO2 HE LOOK$ SO RAM%ACKLE & PITIFUL ?AT ,I LAVI%$ A GOOD DEAL ( SYMPA?Y ON HIM1 SAY+ HE MU/ MISS HIS WIFE T]RIBLY4 0,YES10 HE SAID FEEL+LY1 & AGGRIEV$LY1 0 ,I HAVE TO GET UP & GIT MY [N BREAKFA/ N[40 ,NOT ALL >E QUITE LIKE ?AT--BUT NE>LY SO4 

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

,MANY CAN H>DLY READ OR WRITE4 ,MANY WOM5 /ILL DIP SNUFF2 MO/ M5 *EW TOBACCO1 & ?AT MEANS SPITT+4 ,WE >E 9 A BACKW>D >EA1 AS MY DAU<T] LAU<+LY SAYS1 ON :OSE ACC\NT WE CAME H]E4 ,SOME DON'T GET BEYOND ?IRD GRADE2 BY !N1 !Y FIGURE !Y'VE HAD 5\<4 ,O!RS GO ON TO COLLEGE1 & TEA*2 !RE'S A PLE?ORA ( COLLEGES 9 ?IS /ATE BUT ,I SUPPOSE !Y >5'T V]Y LIB]AL4 ,EV5 A NE>BY ,QUAK] COLLEGE DOES NOT YET ADMIT NEGROES1 ?\< IT ADMITS ! D>K SK9N$ FROM MANY C\NTRIES4 

,RACE IS SOME?+ Y\ DON'T TALK AB\T H]E4 ,Y\ CAN'T4 ,Y\ CAN JU/ SEE ! PEOPLE /IFF5 & FREEZE4 ,WE >E LIK$1 ( ?AT ,I AM SURE1 BUT 9 SPITE ( \R 0QUE]NESS0 AB\T RACE & W>1 :I*1 BELIEVE ME1 IS KN[N ALL OV] ! PLACE4 7,!Y KN[ :5 ONE ( \R *ILDR5 IS HOME BE=E WE DO2 !Y KN[ EV]Y C>67 ,I 5JOY ! COLOR$ PEOPLE H]E 7MORE ?AN ,I 5JOY MO/ :ITES7 & ?OSE :O KN[ US LIKE US & BEAM & WAVE AT US--BUT ,I AM /ILL NOT SURE ?AT !Y 5TIRELY TRU/ US4 ,WE ALWAYS PICK UP A COLOR$ MAN :O NE$S A LIFT2 ,I HAVE SELDOM BE5 ABLE TO P]SUADE A COLOR$ WOMAN1 IF %E IS ALONE1 TO 5T] ! C>4 ,!Y >E POLITE BUT T]RIFI$4 

,WE W5T TO AN ,N,A,A,C,P-SPONSOR$ MUSICAL PROGRAM 9 ONE ( ! BIG ,A4,M4,E4 *UR*ES NE>BY2 WE !N & !RE JO9$ ! ,N,A,A,C,P--T]RIBLY MOV$ BY ! S++1 = ONE ?+--BUT W]E NEV] ASK$ TO FUR!R EV5TS2 !Y W]E SC>$ ( US4 ,:Y %\LD !Y TRU/ US8 

,! A=EM5TION$ M9I/]--:O HAD BE5 AB\T ! WORLD 9 ,Y,M,C,A WORK & IS A BIT LIB]AL--TOLD ME ,I MU/ TRY TO UND]/& ! DEPLORABLE ATTITUDE ( MY :ITE NEI<BORS1 !Y HAD BE5 SO 9DOCTR9AT$4 ,HE HIMSELF PREF]R$ TO ATT5D A COLOR$ *UR* :5 POSSIBLE1 FELT MORE WELCOME !RE4 

,! ,S\? SEEMS SAD TO ME4 ,I AM CONSCI\S ( ,CIVIL ,W> DAMAGE /ILL4 ,CATTLE >E GRAZ+ :]E ! WOR/ BATTLES W]E F\<T1 BUT !RE >E M>K]S SO (T51 ( ?IS RAID OR ?AT1 & ! MEMORIAL /ATUES ,I HAVE SE5 >E ( A QUIET & SORR[FUL SORT4 

,N[ AS = ! CITIES1 BO? ( ! NE>BY ONES HAVE ,FRI5DS ,MEET+S & !Y HAVE ,UNIT>IAN ,FELL[%IPS4 ,BUT !RE IS NO?+ EV5 9 !SE >EAS ?AT W\LD P>ALLEL ! SMALL DISCUSSION GR\PS ( ,EA/]N CITIES1 ,& ,I CAN'T GET TO ?OSE PLACES ANYWAY4 ,!RE IS NO PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION4 ,Y\ GO BY Y\R [N C> OR />T \T & GET PICK$ UP4 ,Y\ CAN SEE ?AT A DRIVE ( #be OR #e MILES1 & BACK1 IS NOT TO BE UND]TAK5 LI<TLY OR (T54 

,H]E 9 ! C\NTRY !RE >E NO ,CA?OLICS1 ,JEWS OR1 REALLY1 ,QUAK]S1 BUT !SE >E LOOK$ UPON ) RESPECT4 ,ONLY ,UNIT>IANS >E \TSIDE ! PALE ( RELIGI\S RESPECTABILITY--SPECIFICALLY BECAUSE !Y ASSUME RESPONSIBILITY = !IR [N S9S 9/EAD ( PUTT+ !M ONTO ,*RI/4 

,NOR? ,C>OL9A ,BAPTI/S >E CURR5TLY D5\NC+ SOME ( !IR NUMB] :O ASSOCIAT$ 7AS A *UR*7 ) ! UNIMM]S$--NOT JU/ UNBAPTIZ$ BUT UNIMM]S$4 ,DON'T Y\ WI% ?AT WAS ALL Y\ HAD TO WORRY AB\T4 

,ON ! O!R H&1 !RE IS A GREAT SPIRIT ( COOP]ATION4 ,IF Y\R H\SE BURNS D[N1 ! NEI<BORS GET TOGE!R TO BUILD Y\ ONE1 OR !Y RE-\TFIT Y\R FAMILY1 OR BO?1 & SOMETIMES ) REAL SACRIFICE TO !MSELVES4 

--,D4,R4 

,!OCRACY ,9 ,ACTION ,9 ,ISRAEL 

,FROM ! 0,JEWI% ,NEWSLETT]07,FEB4 #a1 #a#i#e#h3 

,9 AN >TICLE 5TITL$1 0,BACK TO ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES10 ,LEB5SFRAG51 (FICIAL ORGAN ( ! ,JEWI% ,LABOR ,BUND 9 ,ISRAEL 7,JAN4 #a#i#e#h71 LI/S ! FOLL[+ RUL+S BY ! RABB9ATE :I* BECAME P>T ( CIVIL LAW4 

#a7 ,ALL F>M]-T5ANTS LIV+ ON L& BELONG+ TO ,K]5 ,KAYEME? 7/ATE [N$7 MU/ SIGN AN AGREEM5T ?AT !Y WILL NOT SMOKE ON ! ,SABBA?1 ?AT !Y WILL LI<T C&LES ON ,FRIDAY EV5+ & OBS]VE ALL O!R ,TORAH LAWS4 

#b7 ,! SAME T5ANTS MU/ ANSW] A WRITT5 QUE/IONNAIRE AS TO :E!R !Y >E ,JEWS OR ,*RI/IANS1 :E!R !Y >E M>RI$ ACCORD+ TO ,OR?ODOX LAW1 & :E!R !IR *ILDR5 HAVE BE5 CIRCUMCIS$4 

#c7 ,M]*ANTS & >TISANS WORK+ ON ,FRIDAY EV5+ AFT] D>K CAN BE BR\<T TO TRIAL ON ! SAY-SO ( A ,SABBA? OBS]V] &1 IF F\ND GUILTY1 !Y HAVE TO PAY A F9E4 

#d7 ,! CITY C\NCILS ( V>I\S MUNICIPALITIES 9 ,ISRAEL HAVE ! P[] TO PROHIBIT ! RAIS+ OR SALE ( PIGS 9 >EAS UND] !IR JURISDICTION4 ,?US ,ISRAEL IS ! ONLY C\NTRY 9 ! WORLD :]E CITY C\NCILS CAN DET]M9E :AT ! POPULATION MAY OR MAY NOT EAT4 

,! CITY C\NCILS >E ALSO EMP[]$ TO 5=CE /RICT OBS]VANCE ( ! ,SABBA? 9 ALL !AT]S1 CONC]T HALLS & PLACES ( 5T]TA9M5T4 ,!Y HAVE ! RI<T TO =BID ! SALE ( TICKETS1 ! USE ( ELECTRICITY & ! PLAY+ ( ANY MUSICAL 9/RUM5T ON ! ,SABBA?4 

,FROM ! ,ATLANTA ,CON/ITUTION3 

0,CORROBORATION ?AT CONVICT LABOR HAS BE5 US$ ILLEGALLY TO DO WORK ON PRIVATE ROAD CONTRACTS & ADDITIONAL ALLEGATIONS ( USE ( CONVICT LABOR = WORK ON PRIVATE PROP]TY >E MORE 9/ANCES 9 ! MAZE ( 9CR$IBLE DISCLOSURES AB\T /ATE GOV]NM5T OP]ATIONS 9 REC5T WEEKS4 

0,9 ONE CITY1 ,BAXLEY1 ,DEP>TM5T ( CORRECTIONS ,DIRECTOR ,JACK ,=RE/] HAS *>G$ ?AT CONVICT LABOR WAS US$ ILLEGALLY 9 ROAD & /REET WORK & ?AT LABOR CO/S C\LD EXCE$ @s#e14 ,MAYOR ,J4,M4 7,BUCK7 ,DUNN ( ,BAXLEY ALLEG$LY WAS PAID AB\T @s#a#b#e1 = CON/RUCTION WORK ON :I* AN UNDET]M9$ NUMB] ( CONVICTS WORK$40 

,NO COMM5T NECESS>Y4 

 "9 "9 "9 

0,IF IT W]E POSSIBLE TO MAKE AN ACCURATE CALCULATION ( ! EVILS :I* POLICE REGULATIONS OCCASION1 & ( ?OSE :I* !Y PREV5T1 ! =M] %\LD EXCE$ ! LATT]40 

--,WM4 ,VON ,HUMBOLDT 9 ,! ,SPH]E ( ,GOV]NM5T 

,VILLAGE ,9 ,SPA9 

0,9 #a#i#b#b1 ,PU]TO DE ,POLL5SA WAS /ILL AN UNSPOIL$ FI%+ VILLAGE4 ,! 9HABITANTS--TE*NICALLY 0AN>*I/-COMMUNI/S0--RAN !IR FI%+ 9DU/RY ON COOP]ATIVE L9ES4 ,! SECRET>Y ( ! ,POSITO DE ,PESCADORES1 A ,V5EZUELAN1 WAS ALMO/ ! ONLY MAN 9 ?IS ,>CADIAN VILLAGE :O C\LD READ & WRITE4 ,HE TRANSACT$ ALL ! BUS9ESS = ! COMMUNITY &1 BY EXPLA9+ !IR ILLIT]ACY1 S5T ! TAX-COLLECTOR EMPTY AWAY4 ,AS !RE WAS NO ,LAW & NO ,ORD] 9 ! VILLAGE1 !RE WAS NO CRIME4 ,! HONE/Y ( !SE PEOPLE WAS ABSOLUTE & 9/9CTIVE3 NO ONE EV] TRI$ TO GET ! BETT] ( ANYONE ELSE4 ,IF ONE ( ! M5 /AY$ UP TOO LATE DR9K+ ) ! =EIGN]S1 HIS WIFE APPE>$ & DEALT ) ! MISDEMEANOR SO DRA/ICALLY ?AT IT WAS NEV] REPEAT$4 ,EV]YONE HAD 5\< TO EAT1 W9E WAS PL5TIFUL & EV]YONE WAS HAPPY4 ,! NE>E/ *UR* WAS FIVE MILES (F1 9 ! T[N ( ,POLL5SA1 & ,I NEV] SAW A PRIE/ 9 ! VILLAGE40 

--,D\GLAS ,GOLDR+3 ,SOME ,P]SONAL ,MEMORIES4 

,LIB]T>IAN ,LEAGUE ,F9ANCIAL ,REPORTS 

,A,P,R,I,L 

,E,X,P,5,S,E,S 

,PRESS ,PAYM5T @s #c#h4 

,PAP] #d4 

,PRESS ,EQUIPM5T #a4 

,(FICE ,SUPPLIES #c4 

,NEGATIVES 7= ,PRESS7 #c#c4 

,PO/AGE #c4 

,GAS & ,ELECTRIC #a#g4#f 

,R5T = ,LIB]T>IAN ,C5T] #g#e4 

,TOTAL ,EXP5SES @s#b#c#g4#f 

,9,C,O,M,E 

,DONATIONS @s #i#d4#b#e 

,=UMS #a#i4#e#a 

,D9N] #d#g4#e 

,DUES #e4 

,TOTAL ,9COME @s#a#f#f4#b#f 

,DEFICIT = ,APRIL @s #g4#h 

,DEFICIT = ,M>* #d#c4#a#c 

,TOTAL ,DEFICIT3 @s#a#a#c4#i#c 

,M,A,Y 

,E,X,P,5,S,E,S3 

,PAP] @s #d4 

,PRESS ,EQUIPM5T #b#g4#d#c 

,PRESS ,PAYM5T #c#h4 

,(FICE ,EQUIPM5T 7,ADDRESSOGRAPH7 #a#b#a4#a#h 

,NEGATIVES = ,PRESS #e#c4 

,PO/AGE #d4 

,UPKEEP ( ,HALL #a#h4#h#i 

,R5T #g#e4 

,R5T = ,NEW ,HALL #i#e4 

,DEPOSIT ON NEW ,HALL #i#e4 

,TELEPHONE #a#b4#i#b 

,GAS & ,ELECTRIC #a#a4#f#d 

,MOV+ ,EXP5SES3 #g4#e 

,DEFICIT FROM ,APRIL #a#a#c4#i#c 

,TOTAL ,EXP5SES3 @s#f#h#c4#d#i 

,9,C,O,M,E3 

,DONATIONS3 @s#b#g#d4 

,=UMS3 #b4#c 

,D9N]S3 #d#c4#d#b 

,DUES3 #e4 

,TOTAL ,9COME3 @s#c#d#b4#g#b 

,TOTAL ,DEFICIT3 @s#c#d4#a#g 

,:AT ,WE ,/& ,= 

,TWO GREAT P[] BLOCS /RUGGLE = WORLD DOM9ATION4 ,NEI!R ( !SE REPRES5TS ! TRUE 9T]E/S & WELF>E ( ,HUMANITY4 ,!IR CONFLICT ?REAT5S MANK9D ) ATOMIC DE/RUCTION4 ,UND]LY+ BO? ( !SE BLOCS >E 9/ITUTIONS ?AT BRE$ EXPLOITATION1 9EQUALITY & OPPRESSION4 

,)\T TRY+ TO LEGISLATE = ! FUTURE WE FEEL ?AT WE CAN 9DICATE ! G5]AL L9ES ALONG :I* A SOLUTION TO !SE PROBLEMS CAN BE F\ND4 

,! EXPLOITATIVE SOCIETIES ( TODAY MU/ BE REPLAC$ BY A NEW LIB]T>IAN WORLD :I* WILL PROCLAIM--,EQUAL FRE$OM = ALL 9 A FREE SOCIALI/ SOCIETY4 0,FRE$OM0 )\T SOCIALISM LEADS TO PRIVILEGE & 9JU/ICE2 0,SOCIALISM0 )\T FRE$OM IS TOTALIT>IAN4 

,! MONOPOLY ( P[] :I* IS ! /ATE MU/ BE REPLAC$ BY A WORLD-WIDE F$]ATION ( FREE COMMUNITIES1 LABOR C\NCILS &_/OR CO-OP]ATIVES OP]AT+ ACCORD+ TO ! PR9CIPLES ( FREE AGREEM5T4 ,! GOV]NM5T ( M5 MU/ BE REPLAC$ BY A FUNCTIONAL SOCIETY BAS$ ON ! ADM9I/RATION ( ?+S4 

,C5TRALISM1 :I* MEANS REGIM5TATION FROM ! TOP D[N1 MU/ BE REPLAC$ BY F$]ALISM1 :I* MEANS COOP]ATION FROM ! BOTTOM UP4 

 "9 "9 "9 

,! ,L,I,B,],T,>,I,A,N ,L,E,A,G,U,E WILL NOT ACCEPT ! OLD SOCIO-POLITICAL CLI*ES1 BUT WILL BOLDLY EXPLORE NEW ROADS :ILE EXAM9+ ANEW ! OLD MOVEM5TS1 DRAW+ FROM !M ALL ?AT :I* TIME & EXP]I5CE HAS PROV5 TO BE VALID4 

,LIB]T>IAN ,C5T] 

#hf ,EA/ #a? ,/4 7BETWE5 ,?IRD & ,F\R? ,AVE47 ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY 

,R,\,N,D ,T,A,B,L,E ,Y,\,? ,DISCUSSIONS ,E,V,],Y ,F,R,I,D,A,Y ,A,T #h 

,D9N] & SOCIAL ON ! ?IRD ,SATURDAY ( EV]Y MON? AT #g3#c ,P,M 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JUNE #c1 #aieh 3 ,VIEWS @& ,COMM5T #bi -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,APRIL #b#d1 #bb 3 ,VIEWS @& ,COMM5T #bi -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #d1 #bbb 3 ,VIEWS @& ,COMM5T #bi -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/