,PREFACE 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 

,TEXT 3 

,PREFACE 

  

,! CITY AT ITS BE/ IS AN ECOCOMMUNITY4 ,TO IGNORE ?IS COMPELL+ FACT IS TO IGNORE ! DE/RUCTION IT FACES BY ONE ( ! MO/ S]I\S PH5OM5A ( ! MOD]N ]A1 ! MASSIVE URBANIZATION ?AT IS SWEEP+ IT AWAY TOGE!R ) SO MANY NATURAL FEATURES ( \R PLANET4 ,URBANIZATION IS NOT ONLY A SOCIAL & CULTURAL FACT ( HI/ORIC PROPORTIONS2 IT IS A TREM5D\S ECOLOGICAL FACT AS WELL4 ,AT A TIME :5 ! OV]:ELM+ MAJORITY ( PEOPLE 9 ,NOR? ,AM]ICA & ,WE/]N ,EUROPE REG>D !MSELVES AS CITY DWELL]S1 WE >E OBLIG$1 IF ONLY = ECOLOGICAL REASONS1 TO EXPLORE MOD]N URBANIZATION4 ,WE MU/ EXPLORE NOT ONLY ITS IMPACT ON ! NATURAL 5VIRONM5T1 A SUBJECT ?AT HAS ALREADY BE5 DISCUSS$ 9 CONSID]ABLE DETAIL BY MANY WRIT]S1 BUT1 MORE SIGNIFICANTLY !SE DAYS1 ! *ANGES URBANIZATION HAS PRODUC$ 9 \R S5SIBILITY T[>D SOCIETY & T[>D ! NATURAL WORLD4 ,A SOCIAL ECOLOGY ( ! CITY IS NE$$ TODAY IF ECOLOGICAL ?9K+ IS TO BE RELEVANT TO ! MOD]N HUMAN CONDITION4 

,?IS BOOK ATTEMPTS TO LAY ! GR\NDWORK = SU* A SOCIAL ECOLOGY4 ,IT TRIES TO DEVELOP A CONCEPT ( ! CITY 9 ?OSE P>TICIPATORY T]MS ?AT >E UNIQUELY *>ACT]I/IC ( ALL 0ECOSY/EMS0 7OR1 AS ,I PREF] TO CALL !M1 ECOCOMMUNITIES74 ,IT RELATES ECOLOGY'S P>TICIPATORY S5SIBILITY TO ! CITY 9 ALL ITS =MS OV] ! C\RSE ( HI/ORY1 P>TLY TO %[ ?AT ! CITY WAS A SOCIAL ECOCOMMUNITY AT V>I\S TIMES 9S(> AS IT FO/]$ DIV]SITY1 MUTUALISM1 & CONNECT$NESS4 ,9 APPLY+ A P>TICIPATORY S5SIBILITY TO ! CITY1 ,I HAVE BE5 OBLIG$ TO TAKE ! READ] ON A VOYAGE 9TO ! EVOLUTION ( ! CITY1 JU/ AS ANY S]I\S NATURAL ECOLOGI/ W\LD BE OBLIG$ TO DEAL ) ! BIOLOGICAL DEVELOPM5T ( AN ORGANISM TO BETT] UND]/& ITS LIFE-CYCLE4 ,TO ?9K AB\T ! CITY AS AN ECOCOMMUNITY IS TO TRY TO UND]/& H[ IT EVOLV$1 :AT =MS IT ASSUM$ OV] TIME1 H[ IT FUNCTION$ AS MORE ?AN A M]E M>KET OR C5T] ( PRODUCTION1 &1 9 ! LA/ ANALYSIS1 H[ MEMB] ?IS URBAN ECOCOMMUNITY CALL$ ! CITY 9T]ACT$ ) EA* O!R TO PRODUCE A =M ( 0SECOND NATURE0--A HUMANLY MADE 0NATURE0--?AT EXI/$ 9 BALANCE ) ! 0FIR/ NATURE0 WE USUALLY CALL ! NATURAL 5VIRONM5T4 ,H5CE ! CITIZ5S ( A CITY ( NO LESS CONC]N TO ME ?AN ! CITY ITSELF1 = ! CITY AT ITS BE/ EV5TUALLY BECAME AN E?ICAL UNION ( PEOPLE1 AN E?ICAL AS AS SOCIAL ECOCOMMUNITY1 NOT SIMPLY A D5SE COLLECTION ( /RUCTURES DESIGN$ = NO O!R PURPOSE ?AN TO PROVIDE GOODS & S]VICES = ITS ANONYM\S RESID5TS4 

,:AT ,I WI% TO DO IS R$EEM ! CITY1 TO VISUALIZE IT NOT2 ?REAT TO ! 5VIRONM5T BUT AS A UNIQUELY HUMAN1 E?ICAL1 & ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITY ?AT (T5 LIV$ 9 BALANCE ) NATURE & CREAT$ 9/ITUTIONAL =MS ?AT %>P5$ HUMAN AW>5ESS ( !IR S5SE ( NATURAL PLACE AS WELL AS SOCIAL PLACE4 ,MY REPEAT$ REF]5CES TO ! AGR>IAN WORLD C\LD EASILY BE REG>D$ AS REF]5CES TO ! NATURAL WORLD AS WELL4 ,MY EMPHASIS ON CIVIC P>TICIPATION CAN BE TAK5 AS ! SOCIAL C\NT]P>T ( BIOLOGICAL MUTUALISM CITIZ5%IP1 AS ! SOCIAL C\NT]P>T ( BIOTIC 9VOLVEM5T IF %AP+ ! =M ( A NATURAL ECOCOMMUNITY2 CIVIC HI/ORY1 AS ! SOCIAL C\NT]P>T ( NATURAL HI/ORY4 ,MY GOAL1 9 EFFECT1 HAS BE5 TO R$EF9E ! CITY & ! CITIZ5 9 ! LANGUAGE ( SOCIAL ECOL OGY 9 ! HOPE ?AT 5VIRONM5TALLY AS WELL AS SOCIALLY ORI5T$ PEOPLE TODAY WILL UND]/& :AT ! CITY & CITIZ5%IP US$ TO BE 9 ORD] TO BETT] UND]/& :AT !Y %\LD BE 9 AN ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY4 

,! REAL URBAN CRISIS ( \R TIME1 ,I %ALL EMPHASIZE1 HAS RESULT$ NOT FROM ! EM]G5CE ( ! CITY AS SU*2 RA!R IT RESULTS FROM ! EM]G5CE ( A RELATIVELY NEW & CANC]\S PH5OM5ON ?AT POSES A DEADLY ?REAT TO ! CITY & C\NTRYSIDE ALIKE3 URBANIZATION4 ,! NATURE ( ?IS ?REAT--NOT M]ELY AS GEOGRAPHIC SPRAWL BUT A DEVA/AT+ DEHUMANIZ+ ( CITY LIFE1 A DE/RUCT+ ( COMMUNITY1 & A D5ATUR+ ( AGR>IAN LIFE--IS ! UND]LY+ !ME ( ?IS BOOK4 ,I MU/ LEAVE IT TO ! PAGES :I* FOLL[ = A MORE COMPLETE DESCRIPTION & ELUCIDATION ( ! VA/ PROBLEMS URBANIZATION IS CREAT+4 ,MY >GUM5T RUNS C\NT] TO ! CONV5TIONAL WISDOM ?AT CITY & C\NTRYSIDE1 LIKE SOCIETY & NATURE1 >E NECESS>ILY 9 CONFLICT ) EA* O!R1 A !ME ?AT P]VADES SO MU* ( ! WRIT+ ON URBANITY ( WE/]N SOCIETY4 

,QUITE TO ! CONTR>Y3 H[EV] MU* CITY LIFE M>KS A DEP>TURE 9 MANY SOCIAL RESPECTS FROM ! MORE NATURAL =MS ( HUMAN SOCIATION SU* AS TRIBAL & K9%IP GR\PS1 ! CITY HAS (T5 BE5 AS MU* A GIFT TO ! ECOLOGY ( A L&SCAPE AS IT HAS BE5 A H>M4 ,TO RECOV] A FEEL+ = ! P>TICIPATORY CIVIC 9/ITUTIONS ?AT ,ONCE M>K$ CITY LIFE & CITIZ5%IP IS TO RECOV] ?OSE IDEALS ( ,CIVIC LIFE & A CIVIC S5SIBILITY ?AT C\LD C\NT]VAIL ! MASSIVE DE/RUCTION ?AT URBANIZATION 9FLICTS ON CITY & C\NTRYSIDE ALIKE4 

,?IS BOOK ADVANCES SEV]AL REFLECTIONS ON H[ AN ECOLOGICAL POLITICS CAN BE DEVELOP$4 ,9 SO DO+1 IT R$EF9ES ! WORD POLITICS ITSELF ALONG ECOLOGICAL L9ES1 MU* AS ,GRE5 GR\PS 9 ,NOR? ,AM]ICA & ,EUROPE HAVE BE5 DO+ OV] ! PA/ YE>S4 ,F9ALLY1 ?IS BOOK MAKES A PLEA = A CONF$]AL & 9/ITUTIONAL POLITICS1 ?IS IS1 = 5L>G+ ! DEMOCRATIC1 GRASS-ROOTS 9/ITUTIONS ?AT C\NT]VAIL ! GR[+ C5TRALIZATION ( ! NATION-/ATE1 NOT ! CONV5TIONAL ELECTORAL POLITICS BAS$ ON S+LE ISSUES & P>LIAM5T>Y T\RNAM5TS4 

,MU* ?AT MOTIVAT$ MY WRIT+ ( ?IS BOOK /EMS FROM MY CONVICTION AS A SOCIAL ECOLOGI/ & 5VIRONM5TAL ACTIVI/ ?AT !RE IS A PRESS+ NE$ TO VIEW ! CITY--MORE G5]ALLY1 ! MUNICIPALITY1 IF WE >E TO 9CLUDE T[NS AS WELL AS METROPOLITICAN >EAS--AS AN ECOLOGICAL 5T]PRISE1 NOT M]ELY A LOGI/ICAL OR /RUCTURAL ONE4 ,H5CE1 ! L>GE/ *APT] 9 ?IS BOOK ADVANCES A PROGRAMMATIC AG5DA = RECOV]+ NOT ONLY AN ECOLOGICAL IMAGE ( ! CITY & AN ACTIVE CITIZ5RY BUT A WAY ( LOOK+ AT POLITICS ?AT COMB9ES ! HI< IDEAL ( A P>TICIPATORY CITIZ5%IP--9 %ORT1 ECOLOGICAL VALUES BAS$ ON P>TICIPATION AS A MUTUALI/IC PH5OM5A 9 SOCIETY AS WELL AS 9 NATURE4 

,9 ANY CASE1 ! CITY IS H]E TO /AY4 ,9DE$1 IT HAS BE5 A CRUCIAL P>T ( HUMAN HI/ORY & A FACTOR 9 ! MAK+ ( ! HUMAN M9D = SOME SEV5 ?\S& YE>S4 ,CAN WE AF=D TO IGNORE IT8 ,MU/ WE ACCEPT IT AS IT IS--AS AN 5TITY ?AT FACES OBLIT]ATION BY A SPRAWL+ URBANIZATION ?AT ?REAT5S ! C\NTRYSIDE AS WELL8 ,OR CAN WE GIVE ! CITY A NEW MEAN+1 A NEW POLITICS1 A NEW S5SE ( DIRECTION--&1 ALSO1 PROVIDE NEW IDEALS ( CITIZ5%IP1 MANY ( :I* W]E 9 FACT ATTA9$ 9 GREAT P>T DUR+ PA/ TIMES8 ,BY IGNOR+ ! CITY & CITIZ5%IP1 WE DO SO AT ! P]IL ( BECOM+ ISOLAT$ FROM ! GREAT MASS ( HUMANITY :I* IS ?REAT5$ BY ! ANONYMITY & P[]LESS CREAT$ BY URBANIZATION4 ,?IS IS A ISSUE :I* ALL SOCIALLY & 5VIRONM5TALLY ORI5T$ PEOPLE MU/ FACE & ANSW] 9 !IR [N WAY3 ,MY GOAL1 H]E1 IS TO POSE ! QUE/ION ( URBANIZATION & CITIZ5%IP AS CLE>LY AS ,I CAN & ADVANCE SOME MODE/ SOLUTIONS BAS$ ON MY [N CONC]NS AS A SOCIAL ECOLOGI/ 

,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 

 ,BURL+TON1 ,V]MONT  

 ,DIRECTOR ,EM]ITUS1 

 ,9/ITUTE = ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY1 

 ,M>%FIELD1 ,V]MONT  

 ,PR(ESSOR ,EM]ITUS1 

 ,S*OOL ( ,5VIRONM5TAL ,/UDIES1 

 ,RAMAPO ,COLLEGE ( ,NEW ,J]SEY 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #b1 #bba 3 ,PREFACE -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #a#f1 #bbb 3 ,PREFACE -- ,UPDAT$4 

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