,TYRANNY ,%AK5 9 ! ,C>IBBEAN 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ANONYM\S 

,TEXT 3 

,! OV]?R[ ( ! ODI\S DICTATOR1 ,FULG5CIO ,BATI/A1 BY A FEW ?\S& >M$ IRREGUL>S & ! NOT-TOO-PASSIVE RESI/ANCE ( ! :OLE ,CUBAN PEOPLE1 HAS ?RILL$ ALL LOV]S ( ,LIB]TY & HAS GIV5 NEW HOPE TO ! MILLIONS /ILL WRI?+ UND] ! HEELS ( TYRANNY 9 MANY C\NTRIES4 ,IT HAS GIV5 NEW HOPE TO ! PEOPLE ( ,SANTO ,DOM+O & ,HUNG>Y1 ( ,NIC>AGUA & ,KOREA1 TO ! TORM5T$ MASSES ( ,RUSSIA & ( ,S\? ,AFRICA4 ,EV]Y TYRANT ?AT FALLS R5EWS ! HOPE = A BETT] ULTIMATE TOMORR[4 

,9 ITS SUBS]VI5CE TO ! ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN SUG> 9T]E/S & ALSO TO ! =EIGN GAMBL+ RACKETE]S1 9 ! V5ALITY )9 ITS RANKS1 & 9 ! EXCESSIVE BRUTALITY ( ITS POLICE =CES1 ! ,BATI/A DICTATOR%IP WAS EXCELL$ ONLY BY ?AT ( ! ,TRUJILLO FAMILY 9 ! ,DOM9ICAN ,REPUBLIC4 ,BATI/A WAS ! FIR/ RUL] ( ,CUBA TO VIOLATE ! EXTRA-T]RITORIALITY ( ! ,DIPLOMATIC ,CORPS & ! TRADITIONAL 9VIOLABILITY ( ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,HAVANA4 ,! OPPOSITION 9 ,CUBA CONSI/$ ( ! NE>-TOTALITY ( ! POPULATION4 

,=EMO/ 9 ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ,BATI/A FROM ! BEG9N+ WAS ! ,F$]ATION ( ,UNIV]SITY ,/UD5TS 7,F,E,U71 FIVE SUCCESSIVE PRESID5TS ( :I* W]E MURD]$ BY ,BATI/A'S POLICE4 ,9 ALL1 SEV]AL ?\S& /UD5TS W]E KILL$1 & !Y1 ON !IR P>T1 HAD MA9TA9$ A RUNN+ BATTLE ) REPRISALS AGA9/ ! UNI=M$ ?UGS1 BOMB+S & SABOTAGE1 CULM9AT+ 9 AN ATTACK ON ! ,PRESID5TIAL ,PALACE 7,M>* #a#c1 #a#i#e#g71 9 :I* ,BATI/A HIMSELF N>R[LY ESCAP$ ! JU/ICE ( ! 5RAG$ Y\? ( ,HAVANA4 

,FIDEL ,CA/RO'S #b#f? ( ,JULY ,MOVEM5T WAS NOT BAS$ DIRECTLY ON EI!R ! WORK]S' OR ! PEASANTS' OR ! /UD5T-9TELLECTUAL MOVEM5TS AS SU*4 ,AL?\< ITS ORIG9 GOES FUR!R BACK1 ITS EFFECTIVE ACTION />T$ ) ! L&+ ( #hb M5 9 ! S\!A/]N PROV9CE ( ,ORI5TE1 ,DECEMB] #b1 #a#i#e#f4 ,NE>LY ALL ( ?IS ORIG9AL 9VASION =CE W]E KILL$ ALMO/ IMM$IATELY4 ,! SURVIVORS =TIFI$ !MSELVES 9 ! R\<E/ M\NTA9 T]RA9 ( ! ,SI]RA ,MAE/RA :]E HUNDR$S FLOCK$ TO JO9 !M4 ,! P]MAN5T >M$ RESI/ANCE ( ?IS SMALL GU]RILLA >MY 9 ! HILLS 9SPIR$ ! MASSES MORE ?AN HAD ! NUM]\S SPORADIC DEMON/RATIONS & \TBREAKS 9 ! L>GE CITIES4 ,! ROMANTIC APPEAL WAS TREM5D\S4 ,REBELLI\S ACTS ELSE:]E 9 ! ISL& W]E MANY TIMES ]RONE\SLY CR$IT$ TO ! #b#f? ( ,JULY ,MOVEM5T4 ,! POPUL> IMAG9ATION WAS FIR$ ) ! VISION ( ! BE>D$ REBEL ON HORSEBACK4 ,TO A CONSID]ABLE EXT5T ! R$ & BLACK BANN] ( ,FIDEL ,CA/RO CAME TO SYMBOLIZE ! :OLE /RUGGLE AGA9/ ,BATI/A4 

,EV]Y REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T AGA9/ TYRANNY HAS1 BY ITS V]Y NATURE1 SOME SOCIAL CONT5T1 & ?AT ( ,FIDEL ,CA/RO HAS BE5 NO EXCEPTION4 ,H[EV] ! #b#f? ( ,JULY ,MOVEM5T HAS ONLY ADVOCAT$ CONSI/5TLY ONE ?+--! OV]?R[ ( ,FULG5CIO ,BATI/A4 ,LITTLE 9DICATION WAS GIV5 AS TO :AT %\LD BE DONE ! DAY AFT] VICTORY4 ,NO BOLD PROGRAM ( SOCIAL TRANS=MATION WAS PRES5T$1 SIMPLY A VAGUE PROMISE ( 0DEMOCRACY40 ,!RE W]E OCCASIONAL G5]AL REF]5CES TO AGR>IAN RE=M & MORE RURAL S*OOLS BUT NO?+ V]Y CONCRETE EV5 9 ! WAY ( PROMISES4 

,9 ! FLU% ( VICTORY1 ,FIDEL ANN\NC$ ?AT ,UNIT$ ,/ATES 9T]E/S W\LD BE PROTECT$ & 5C\RAG$1 :ILE HIS BRO!R ,RAUL DECL>$ ?AT ! =EIGN]S' /RANGLE-HOLD ON ,CUBA'S SUG> MILLS & PLANTATIONS MU/ BE BROK5 ?R\< EXPROPRIATION4 ,?IS LACK ( A CONSI/5T1 POSITIVE PROGRAM ATTRACT$ POLITICAL OPPORTUNI/S ( ALL %ADES4 ,CA?OLIC ,ACTION & ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY W]E BO? ACTIVE & 9FLU5TIAL 9 ! #b#f? ( ,JULY RANKS DUR+ ! MON?S 9 ! M\NTA9S1 & PRESUMABLY /ILL >E1 9 SPITE ( ,CA/RO'S ANTI-COMMUNI/ /ATEM5TS4 

,9 ! C\RSE ( ! /RUGGLE1 ,FIDEL ,CA/RO HAS GIV5 EVID5CE ( A TOTALIT>IAN ORI5TATION4 ,HIS PRIMA DONNA ATTITUDE IS WELL KN[N4 ,UNTIL ! SIGN+ ( ! ,PACT ( ,C>ACAS1 HE OP5LY REFUS$ TO COOP]ATE ) O!R REVOLUTION>Y OPPOSITION =CES ON ANY?+ RESEMBL+ A BASIS ( EQUALITY4 

,! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,DIRECTORATE1 COMPOS$ ( /UD5TS 7,F,E,U71 9TELLECTUAL & O!R ELEM5TS1 HAD /EPP$ UP ITS FI<T 9 ! URBAN C5T]S & HAD MANAG$ TO E/ABLI% A 0SECOND FRONT0 ) ITS [N GU]RILLA =CES 9 ! ,SI]RA DEL ,ESCAMBRAY ( ,C5TRAL ,CUBA4 ,IT WAS PRIM>ILY !SE PEOPLE ( ! ,ESCAMBRAY & ! 0,AUT5TICOS0 :O LAT] TOOK ! CITY ( ,SANTA ,CL>A1 PRECIPITAT+ ! F9AL MILIT>Y PHASE ( ! REVOLUTION4 

,! ANTI-,BATI/A LABOR ELEM5TS1 GR\P$ L>GELY >\ND ! 0,AUT5TICOS0 ,P>TY ( EX-,PRESID5T ,C>LOS ,PRIO ,SOC>RAS & ! ,LIB]T>IAN ,ASSOCIATION1 F\ND GR\NDS = COOP]ATION ) ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,DIRECTORATE4 ,FIDEL ,CA/RO H[EV]1 REJECT$ ALL PROPOSALS AIM$ AT COORD9AT$ ACTION UNLESS HE W]E FIR/ RECOGNIZ$ AS ! SUPREME LEAD] ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,A G5]AL /RIKE ?AT MI<T V]Y WELL HAVE OV]?R[N ,BATI/A MON?S AGO WAS ABORT$ & FAIL$ MIS]ABLY DUE TO ?IS LACK ( COORD9ATION4 

,A MILIT>Y /ALEMATE HAD BE5 REA*$4 ,BATI/A HAD BE5 WELL >M$ BY ! ,U4,S4 & ,GREAT ,BRITA94 ,! GR[+ RANKS ( ! REVOLUTION LACK$ ! >MAM5T = A MILIT>Y VICTORY & ! PROGRAM = A POLITICAL VICTORY4 ,AT ?IS PO9T1 ,ROMULO ,BETANC\RT1 0DEMOCRATIC-SOCIALI/0 ,PRESID5T-ELECT ( ,V5EZUELA1 CALL$ A UNITY CONF]5CE ( REPRES5TATIVES ( ! V>I\S ANTI-,BATI/A ORGANIZATIONS4 ,\T ( ?IS CONF]5CE CAME ! ,PACT ( ,C>ACAS1 9 :I*1 BY WAY ( 0COMPROMISE10 ,CA/RO'S C&IDATE = ! PROVISIONAL PRESID5CY--,URRUTIA--WAS ACCEPT$ BY ALL ( ! GR\PS 9 ! 9T]E/ ( UNITY4 

,?IS ,PACT WAS ! CONDITION = UNLIMIT$ ,V5EZUELAN SUPPORT1 & >MAM5T FROM ,V5EZUELA FL[$ 9TO ,CUBA 9 L>GE AM\NTS4 ,! BIG PU% WAS PREP>$1 /RATEGICALLY WELL-TIM$ TO CO9CIDE ) ! EVE ( ! SUG> H>VE/4 ,SANTA ,CL>A WAS OCCUPI$ & ! REVOLUTION HAD CUT ! ISL& 9 ! MIDDLE4 ,) ! H>VE/ DUE & UN-PO/PONABLE1 ! ECONOMIC & MILIT>Y POSITION ( ! ,GOV]NM5T HAD BECOME UNT5ABLE4 ,! RATS />T$ TO AB&ON ! %IP2 ,BATI/A TOOK (F = ,TRUJILLO-L& TO JO9 ,P]ON & ,P]EZ ,JIM5EZ1 HIS BAGS BULG+ ) CURR5CY4 ,! ,CUBAN WORK]S CAME \T ON G5]AL /RIKE & ! MOPP+-UP WAS !N A MATT] ( H\RS4 

,IMM$IATELY ! DICTATOR%IP ( ,BATI/A HAD FALL51 /EPS W]E TAK5 BY ,CA/RO & ,URRUTIA TO ASSURE ! GREATE/ POSSIBLE CONC5TRATION ( P[] 9 ! H&S ( ! #b#f? ( ,JULY ,MOVEM5T4 ,! COMMITM5TS & ASSURANCES GIV5 ! O!R GR\PS 9 ! ,PACT ( ,C>ACAS W]E BROK54 ,! ,URRUTIA ,GOV]NM5T WAS OBVI\SLY NOT GO+ TO BE A 0,GOV]NM5T ( ! ,REVOLUTION20 IT WAS ALREADY A GOV]NM5T ( ! #b#f? ( ,JULY ,MOVEM5T4 ,ELECTIONS W]E S*$UL$ = #ah MON?S 9 ! FUTURE1 9 ORD] TO GIVE TIME = ! CONSOLIDATION ( ?IS 0PROVISIONAL0 GOV]NM5T4 

,! TOP LEAD]%IP 9 ALL ( ! LABOR ORGANIZATIONS WAS REPLAC$ BY FOLL[]S ( ,FIDEL ,CA/RO4 ,9 MANY CASES ! OLD LEAD]S HAD BE5 SUPPORT]S ( ,BATI/A1 BUT 9 O!RS !Y HAD NOT BE54 ,CA/RO'S APPO9TEES >E MO/LY 9DIVIDUALS :O HAVE BE5 COMPLETELY UNKN[N AS ACTIVE UNIONI/S4 

,IT WAS ANN\NC$ ?AT ALL CIVILIANS HOLD+ >MS W]E TO SURR5D] !M TO ! NEWLY CON/ITUT$ AU?ORITIES4 ,! ,PEOPLE 9 ,>MS :O HAD WON ! REVOLUTION W]E TO BE DIS>M$ BY ! NEW ,MAN ON ,HORSEBACK4 

,FOLL[+ ! 0LIB]ATION10 \R COMRADES ( ! ,LIB]T>IAN ,ASSOCIATION ( ,CUBA RESUM$ PUBLICATION ( !IR PAP]1 ,EL ,LIB]T>IO1 :I* HAD BE5 SUPPRESS$ YE>S BE=E4 ,!Y HAD P>TICIPAT$ ACTIVELY 9 ! REVOLUTION 9 CLOSE COOP]ATION ) ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,DIRECTORATE & 9 A BLOC ) ! LABOR ELEM5TS ( ! 0,AUT5TICOS0 ,P>TY4 ,SOME ( !M HAD F\<T 9 ! #b#f? ( ,JULY RANKS & O!RS 9 ! ,SI]RA DEL ,ESCAMBRAY & 9 ! M\NTA9S ( ,P9> DEL ,RIO4 ,9 ! FIR/ ISSUE ( ,EL ,LIB]T>IO1 !Y CALL$ = ! DEMOCRATIZATION ( ! LABOR UNIONS ) NO GOV]NM5TAL 9T]F]5CE1 RAIS+ ALSO ! DEM& ?AT !RE BE NO DIS>MAM5T ( ! PEOPLE4 

,IT IS TOO SOON TO DRAW ANY BALANCE %EET ( ! ,CUBAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,IF NO CONCESSIONS >E MADE TO ! MASSES 9 ! =M ( G5U9E DEEP-RUNN+ SOCIAL *ANGES1 !N IT MAY WELL BE ?AT WE HAVE ONLY WITNESS$ ITS FIR/ /AGE4 ,AS MATT]S /& TODAY1 !RE IS DEF9ITE DANG] ( A NEW DICTATOR%IP ) ,FIDEL ,CA/RO1 ! REVOLUTION>Y H]O ( TODAY1 FIRMLY 9 ! SADDLE4 ,SU* A DICTATOR%IP1 BAS$ ON AMASS P>TY ( YES-M51 MI<T 9 ! LONG RUN PROVE EV5 MORE DANG]\S ?AN ! ONE ?AT PREC$$ IT4 

,9 ANY CASE1 9 \R 5?USIASM OV] ! FALL ( ! TYRANT ,BATI/A1 WE MU/ NEV] LOSE SI<T ( ! FULL REALITY4 ,?IS HAS BE5 A P>TIAL VICTORY--A GREAT VICTORY--BUT /ILL A P>TIAL ONE4 ,! ,CUBAN ,REVOLUTION1 AL?\< IT IS A PEOPLE'S REVOLUTION1 HAS NOT YET BECOME A SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 & :ILE ! SOCIAL SORES ?AT GAVE RISE TO ,BATI/A /ILL FE/]1 ONE CANNOT CONSID] ! DISEASE AFFLICT+ ! ISL& TO HAVE BE5 CUR$4 

,9 ! BROAD]1 ULTIMATE S5SE1 NO REVOLUTION>Y GOV]NM5T C\LD A*IEVE ! NECESS>Y SOCIAL TRANS=MATION ?AT W\LD SOLVE ! PROBLEMS FAC+ ,CUBA4 ,?IS CAN ONLY BE ACCOMPLI%$ BY ! PEOPLE !MSELVES1 P>TICIPAT+ ACTIVELY & DIRECTLY 9 ! REORGANIZATION ( ALL ( SOCIETY4 ,)\T ! ELIM9ATION ( ! :OLE /ATI/ PR9CIPLE & ! EXPLOITATION ( MAN BY MAN1 ANY NUMB] ( SOCIAL RE=MS CAN BE BUT PALLIATIVES & NOT CURES4 

@9 @9 @9 @9 @9 @9 

,! ,CUBAN ,REVOLUTION HAS ALREADY SET 9TO MOTION A NUMB] ( =CES H]ET(ORE RELATIVELY QUIESC5T1 AIM$ AT ! ELIM9ATION ( O!R DICTATORIAL REGIMES 9 ! ,C>IBBEAN >EA4 ,= DECADES ! ,TRUJILLOS & ! ,SOMOZAS HAVE RUL$ ,SANTO ,DOM+O & ,NIC>AGUA AS !IR [N PRIVATE E/ATES4 ,DYNA/IES HAVE BE5 E/ABLI%$ UND] :I* ! AG+ OR DY+ DICTATOR BEQUEA?S ! P[] TO ANO!R MEMB] ( HIS FAMILY4 ,ALL 9T]NAL OPPOSITION HAS BE5 RU?LESSLY SUPPRESS$4 

,FIDEL ,CA/RO 9 ,CUBA & ,ROMULO ,BETANC\RT 9 ,V5EZUELA1 APP>5TLY ) ! SUPPORT ( ,FIGU]ES 9 ,CO/A ,RICA1 HAVE DECL>$ !IR 9T5TION ( 9T]V5+ AGA9/ ! REMA9+ DICTATOR%IPS 9 ! ,C>IBBEAN4 ,AT ! PRES5T MOM5T AN 9T]NATIONAL >M$ =CE IS BE+ READI$ TO ATTACK ,TRUJILLO UND] ! BANN] ( ! #b#g? ( ,FEBRU>Y ORGANIZATION ( ,DOM9ICANS 9 EXILE4 ,DOM9ICANS1 ,PU]TO ,RICANS1 ,CUBANS & O!RS >E ALREADY BE+ RECRUIT$ = ?IS PURPOSE4 

,AS 5EMIES ( TYRANNY1 !SE REVOLUTION>Y LEGIONNAIRES M]IT \R FULLE/ SUPPORT1 ALONG ) ! W>N+ ?AT !Y BEW>E ! AMBITIONS ( !IR LEAD]S4 ,IT APPE>S POSSIBLE ?AT = ,FIDEL ,CA/RO1 ACTIVE SUPPORT ( A REVOLUTION>Y W> AGA9/ ,TRUJILLO MAY PROVIDE HIM ) ! OPPORTUNITY TO FUR!R CONSOLIDATE HIMSELF AT HOME & BUILD ANEW MOD]N ,CUBAN >MY ?AT CAN !N S]VE TO KEEP HIM 9 P[]4 

,9 REC5T DECADES1 IT HAS BE5 AXIOMATIC TO SAY ?AT ! DAYS ( ! B>RICADES & ( GU]RILLA W>F>E >E OV]1 ?AT ! MOD]N 9/RUM5TS ( SUPPRESSION & REPRESSION 9VALIDATE ALL PA/ EXP]I5CE 9 !SE FIELDS4 ,IT W\LD BE *ILDI% NOT TO RECOGNIZE ?AT TANKS & AIRPLANES & ATOMIC BOMBS HAVE ALT]$ ! 0SCI5CE0 ( REVOLUTION4 ,BUT MANY ( ! OLD ME?ODS CAN BE BR\<T UP TO DATE4 

,! ,HUNG>IAN ,WORK]S' ,REVOLUTION ( #aief & ! ,CUBAN ,REVOLUTION ( #aieh HAVE BO? DEMON/RAT$ ?AT A PEOPLE 9 >MS IS P]FECTLY CAPABLE ( OV]COM+ ! >M$ MI<T ( A MOD]N /ATE4 ,H]E9 LIES GREAT FUTURE HOPE = ! OPPRESS$ ON BO? SIDES ( ! 0IRON CURTA940 

,FIDEL ,CA/RO REC5TLY REQUE/$ ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES TO )DRAW FROM ,CUBA1 ! ,MILIT>Y ,MISSION ATTA*$ TO ! ,U4,S4 ,EMBASSY !RE4 ,HE SAID ?AT S9CE HIS FEW GU]RILLAS HAD LICK$ ! MU* L>G] ,AM]ICAN-TRA9$ ,CUBAN >MY1 IT WAS OBVI\S ?AT ! ,U4,S4 ,MILIT>Y ,MISSION WAS USELESS4 

"9"9"9,RELAT$ 

,AN>*I/S ,CONFRONT ! ,M>XI/ ,/ATE 9 ,CUBA 
BY ,QU9CY ,B4 ,?ORN 
,FIF? ,E/ATE _?#c#i#d1 ,SUMM] #bae 
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,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #c#a1 #bba 3 ,TYRANNY ,%AK5 9 ! ,C>IBBEAN -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #g1 #bbb 3 ,TYRANNY ,%AK5 9 ! ,C>IBBEAN -- ,UPDAT$4 

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