,TWELVE ,MY?S ,AB\T ,DIRECT ,ACTION 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,CRIME?,9C4 

,TEXT 3 

,DIRECT ACTION--?AT IS1 ANY K9D ( ACTION ?AT BYPASSES E/ABLI%$ POLITICAL *ANNELS TO ACCOMPLI% OBJECTIVES DIRECTLY--HAS A LONG & RI* H]ITAGE 9 ,NOR? ,AM]ICA1 EXT5D+ BACK TO ! ,BO/ON ,TEA ,P>TY & BEYOND4 ,DESPITE ?IS1 !RE >E MANY MISUND]/&+S AB\T IT1 9 P>T DUE TO ! WAYS IT HAS BE5 MISREPRES5T$ 9 ! CORPORATE M$IA4 

#a4 ,DIRECT ACTION IS T]RORISM4 

  

,T]RORISM IS CALCULAT$ TO 9TIMIDATE & ?US P>ALYZE PEOPLE4 ,DIRECT ACTION1 ON ! O!R H&1 IS 9T5D$ TO 9SPIRE & ?US MOTIVATE PEOPLE BY DEMON/RAT+ ! P[] 9DIVIDUALS HAVE TO ACCOMPLI% GOALS !MSELVES4 ,:ILE T]RORISM IS ! DOMA9 ( A SPECIALIZ$ CLASS ?AT SEEKS TO ACQUIRE P[] = ITSELF ALONE1 DIRECT ACTION DEMON/RATES POSSIBILITIES ?AT O!RS CAN MAKE USE (1 EMP[]+ PEOPLE TO TAKE CONTROL ( !IR [N LIVES4 ,AT MO/1 A GIV5 DIRECT ACTION MAY OB/RUCT ! ACTIVITIES ( A CORPORATION OR 9/ITUTION ?AT ACTIVI/S P]CEIVE TO BE COMMITT+ AN 9JU/ICE1 BUT ?IS IS SIMPLY A =M ( CIVIL DISOB$I5CE1 NOT T]RORISM4 

#b4 ,DIRECT ACTION IS VIOL5T4 

  

,TO SAY ?AT IT IS VIOL5T TO DE/ROY ! MA*9]Y ( A SLAU<T]H\SE OR TO BREAK W9D[S BELONG+ TO A P>TY ?AT PROMOTES W> IS TO PRIORITIZE PROP]TY OV] HUMAN & ANIMAL LIFE4 ,?IS OBJECTION SUBTLY VALIDATES VIOL5CE AGA9/ LIV+ CREATURES BY FOCUS+ ALL ATT5TION ON PROP]TY RI<TS & AWAY FROM MORE FUNDAM5TAL ISSUES4 

#c4 ,DIRECT ACTION IS NOT POLITICAL EXPRESSION1 BUT CRIM9AL ACTIVITY4 

  

,UN=TUNATELY1 :E!R OR NOT AN ACTION IS ILLEGAL IS A POOR MEASURE ( :E!R OR NOT IT IS JU/4 ,! ,JIM ,CR[ LAWS W]E1 AFT] ALL1 LAWS4 ,TO OBJECT TO AN ACTION ON ! GR\NDS ?AT IT IS ILLEGAL IS TO SIDE/EP ! MORE IMPORTANT QUE/ION ( :E!R OR NOT IT IS E?ICAL4 ,TO >GUE ?AT WE MU/ ALWAYS OBEY LAWS1 EV5 :5 WE CONSID] !M TO BE UNE?ICAL OR TO 5=CE UNE?ICAL CONDITIONS1 IS TO SUGGE/ ?AT ! >BITR>Y PRON\NCEM5TS ( ! LEGAL E/ABLI%M5T POSSESS A HI<] MORAL AU?ORITY ?AN \R [N CONSCI5CES1 & TO DEM& COMPLICITY 9 ! FACE ( 9JU/ICE4 ,:5 LAWS PROTECT 9JU/ICE1 ILLEGAL ACTIVITY IS NO VICE1 & LAW-ABID+ DOCILITY IS NO VIRTUE4 

#d4 ,DIRECT ACTION IS UNNECESS>Y :]E PEOPLE HAVE FRE$OM ( SPEE*4 

  

,9 A SOCIETY DOM9AT$ BY AN 9CREAS+LY N>R[LY FOCUS$ CORPORATE M$IA1 IT CAN BE ALMO/ IMPOSSIBLE TO 9ITIATE A PUBLIC DIALOGUE ON A SUBJECT UNLESS SOME?+ OCCURS ?AT BR+S ATT5TION TO IT4 ,UND] SU* CONDITIONS1 DIRECT ACTION CAN BE A MEANS ( NURTUR+ FREE SPEE*1 NOT SQUEL*+ IT4 ,LIKEWISE1 :5 PEOPLE :O W\LD O!RWISE OPPOSE AN 9JU/ICE HAVE ACCEPT$ ?AT IT IS 9EVITABLE1 IT IS NOT 5\< SIMPLY TO TALK AB\T IT3 ONE MU/ DEMON/RATE ?AT IT IS POSSIBLE TO DO SOME?+ AB\T IT4 

#e4 ,DIRECT ACTION IS ALI5AT+4 

  

,ON ! CONTR>Y1 MANY PEOPLE :O F9D TRADITIONAL P>TY POLITICS ALI5AT+ >E 9SPIR$ & MOTIVAT$ BY DIRECT ACTION4 ,DIFF]5T PEOPLE F9D DIFF]5T APPROA*ES FULFILL+2 A MOVEM5T ?AT IS TO BE BROAD-BAS$ MU/ 9CLUDE A WIDE RANGE ( OPTIONS4 ,SOMETIMES PEOPLE :O %>E ! GOALS ( ?OSE :O PRACTICE DIRECT ACTION :ILE OBJECT+ TO !IR MEANS SP5D ALL !IR 5]GY DECRY+ AN ACTION ?AT HAS BE5 C>RI$ \T4 ,9 DO+ SO1 !Y SNAT* DEFEAT FROM ! JAWS ( VICTORY3 !Y W\LD DO BETT] TO SEIZE ! OPPORTUNITY TO FOCUS ALL ATT5TION ON ! ISSUES RAIS$ BY ! ACTION4 

#f4 ,PEOPLE :O PRACTICE DIRECT ACTION %\LD WORK ?R\< ! E/ABLI%$ POLITICAL *ANNELS 9/EAD4 

  

,MANY PEOPLE :O PRACTICE DIRECT ACTION ALSO WORK )9 ! SY/EM4 ,A COMMITM5T TO MAK+ USE ( EV]Y 9/ITUTIONAL MEANS ( SOLV+ PROBLEMS DOES NOT NECESS>ILY PRECLUDE AN EQUAL COMMITM5T TO PICK+ UP :]E SU* MEANS LEAVE (F4 

#g4 ,DIRECT ACTION IS EXCLUSIVE4 

  

,SOME =MS ( DIRECT ACTION >E NOT OP5 TO ALL1 BUT ?IS DOES NOT NECESS>ILY MEAN !Y >E )\T WOR?4 ,EV]YONE HAS DIFF]5T PREF]5CES & CAPABILITIES1 & %\LD BE FREE TO ACT ACCORD+ TO !M4 ,! IMPORTANT QUE/ION IS H[ ! DIFF]+ APPROA*ES ( 9DIVIDUALS & GR\PS ?AT %>E ! SAME LONG-T]M GOALS CAN BE 9TEGRAT$ 9 SU* A WAY ?AT !Y COMPLEM5T EA* O!R4 

#h4 ,DIRECT ACTION IS C[>DLY4 

  

,?IS ACCUSATION IS ALMO/ ALWAYS MADE BY ?OSE :O HAVE ! PRIVILEGE ( SPEAK+ & ACT+ 9 PUBLIC )\T FE>+ REP]CUSSIONS3 ?AT IS TO SAY1 ?OSE :O HAVE P[] 9 ?IS SOCIETY1 & ?OSE :O OB$I5TLY ACCEPT !IR P[]4 ,%\LD ! H]OES ( ! ,FR5* ,RESI/ANCE HAVE DEMON/RAT$ !IR C\RAGE & ACC\NTABILITY BY ACT+ AGA9/ ! ,NAZI OCCUPY+ >MY 9 ! FULL LI<T ( DAY1 ?US DOOM+ !MSELVES TO DEFEAT8 ,= ?AT MATT]1 9 A NATION 9CREAS+LY T]RORIZ$ BY POLICE & F$]AL SURVEILLANCE ( JU/ AB\T EV]YONE1 IS IT ANY WOND] ?AT ?OSE :O EXPRESS DISS5T MI<T WANT TO PROTECT !IR PRIVACY :ILE DO+ SO8 

#i4 ,DIRECT ACTION IS PRACTIC$ ONLY BY COLLEGE /UD5TS_/PRIVILEG$ RI* KIDS_/DESP]ATE POOR PEOPLE_/ETC4 

  

,?IS ALLEGATION IS ALMO/ ALWAYS MADE )\T REF]5CE TO CONCRETE FACTS1 AS A SME>4 ,9 FACT1 DIRECT ACTION IS & LONG HAS BE5 PRACTIC$ 9 A V>IETY ( =MS BY PEOPLE ( ALL WALKS ( LIFE4 ,! ONLY POSSIBLE EXCEPTION TO ?IS W\LD BE MEMB]S ( ! WEAL?IE/ & MO/ P[]FUL CLASSES1 :O HAVE NO NE$ TO PRACTICE ANY K9D ( ILLEGAL OR CONTROV]SIAL ACTION BECAUSE1 AS IF BY CO9CID5CE1 ! E/ABLI%$ POLITICAL *ANNELS >E P]FECTLY SUIT$ TO !IR NE$S4 

#a4 ,DIRECT ACTION IS ! WORK ( AG5TS PROVOCATEURS4 

  

,?IS IS ANO!R SPECULATION G5]ALLY MADE FROM A DI/ANCE1 )\T CONCRETE EVID5CE4 ,TO ALLEGE ?AT DIRECT ACTION IS ALWAYS ! WORK ( POLICE AG5T PROVOCATEURS IS DISEMP[]+3 IT RULES \T ! POSSIBILITY ?AT ACTIVI/S C\LD DO SU* ?+S !MSELVES1 OV]E/IMAT+ ! P[]S ( POLICE 9TELLIG5CE & RE9=C+ ! ILLUSION ?AT ! ,/ATE IS OMNIPOT5T4 ,LIKEWISE1 IT PREEMPTIVELY DISMISSES ! VALUE & REALITY ( A DIV]SITY ( TACTICS4 ,:5 PEOPLE FEEL 5TITL$ TO MAKE UNF\ND$ CLAIMS ?AT EV]Y TACTIC ( :I* !Y DISAPPROVE IS A POLICE PROVOCATION1 ?IS OB/RUCTS ! V]Y POSSIBILITY ( CON/RUCTIVE DIALOGUE AB\T APPROPRIATE TACTICS4 

#a#a4 ,DIRECT ACTION IS DANG]\S & CAN HAVE NEGATIVE REP]CUSSIONS = O!RS4 

  

,DIRECT ACTION CAN BE DANG]\S 9 A REPRESSIVE POLITICAL CLIMATE1 & IT IS IMPORTANT ?AT ?OSE :O PRACTICE IT MAKE EV]Y EF=T NOT TO 5DANG] O!RS4 ,?IS IS NOT NECESS>ILY AN OBJECTION TO IT1 H[EV]-ON ! CONTR>Y1 :5 IT BECOMES DANG]\S TO ACT \TSIDE E/ABLI%$ POLITICAL *ANNELS1 IT BECOMES ALL ! MORE IMPORTANT TO DO SO4 ,AU?ORITIES MAY USE DIRECT ACTIONS AS EXCUSES TO T]RORIZE 9NOC5TS1 AS ,HITL] DID :5 ! ,REI*/AG WAS SET AFIRE1 BUT ?OSE 9 P[] >E ! ONES :O MU/ ANSW] = ! 9JU/ICES !Y COMMIT 9 SO DO+1 NOT ?OSE :O OPPOSE !M4 ,LIKEWISE1 ?\< PEOPLE :O PRACTICE DIRECT ACTION MAY 9DE$ RUN RISKS1 9 ! FACE ( AN 9SUFF]ABLE 9JU/ICE IT CAN BE MORE DANG]\S & IRRESPONSIBLE TO LEAVE IT UNCONTE/$4 

#a#b4 ,DIRECT ACTION NEV] ACCOMPLI%ES ANY?+4 

  

,EV]Y EFFECTIVE POLITICAL MOVEM5T ?R\<\T HI/ORY1 FROM ! /RUGGLE = ! EI<T H\R WORKDAY TO ! FI<T = WOM5'S SUFFRAGE1 HAS MADE USE ( SOME =M ( DIRECT ACTION4 ,DIRECT ACTION CAN COMPLEM5T O!R =MS ( POLITICAL ACTIVITY 9 A V>IETY ( WAYS4 ,IF NO?+ ELSE1 IT HI<LI<TS ! NECESSITY = 9/ITUTIONAL RE=MS1 GIV+ ?OSE :O PU% = !M MORE B>GA9+ *IPS2 BUT IT CAN GO BEYOND ?IS SUPPORT+ ROLE TO SUGGE/ ! POSSIBILITY ( AN 5TIRELY DIFF]5T ORGANIZATION ( HUMAN LIFE1 9 :I* P[] IS DI/RIBUT$ EQUALLY & ALL PEOPLE HAVE AN EQUAL & DIRECT SAY 9 ALL MATT]S ?AT AFFECT !M4 

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