,*APT] #b 
,! GRE5+ ( REVOLUTION 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ANONYM\S 

,TEXT 3 

#b3 ,! GRE5+ ( REVOLUTION 

,ANIMAL LIB]ATION 

,!RE'S A C]TA9 VOLATILITY TO RESI/+ OPPRESSION 9 ALL =MS4 ,?IS IS EXACTLY ! K9D ( PROJECT ?AT CAN EASILY RUN AWAY FROM Y\1 VA/LY EXCE$+ ONE'S FAMILI> T]RA94 ,LET'S DO \R BE/ TO KEEP UP3 ?R\<\T ! LA/ DECADES1 ONE ( ! MO/ DI/9CTIVE DEVELOPM5TS AMONG SOCIAL /RUGGLES 9 ! ,WE/ HAS BE5 A DAWN+ ( CONC]N = O!R ANIMALS & ! 5VIRONM5T4 ,MANY RADICALS HAVE BE5 KE5 TO DRAG !IR HEELS1 PASS+ (F ! OPPRESSION ( NONHUMANS AS IRRELEVANT TO \R PROSPECTS = REVOLUTION2 ! ,LEFT1 AFT] ALL1 IS FIRMLY ROOT$ 9 ! HUMANI/ IDEALS ( ! ,5LI<T5M5T1 SOME?+ UNQUE/ION+LY REPRODUC$ BY ,M>XISM AS WELL AS OR?ODOX AN>*ISM4 ,YET ! WEI<TY TRADITION ( A BYGONE ]A IS NO EXCUSE = CLOS+ D[N POSSIBILITIES 9 ! PRES5T4 ,! CRITIQUE ( SOCIAL HI]>*Y1 BESIDES DEEP5+ ! SCOPE ( HUMAN LIB]ATION1 APPLIES JU/ AS WELL BEYOND \R [N SPECIES B\ND>Y3 ANIMAL & E>? LIB]ATION >E NO LESS 9TEGRAL TO ! NEW REVOLUTION>Y MOSAIC ?AN ANY O!R ASPECT ( ! /RUGGLE4 

,! FIR/ HALF ( ! GRE5+ ( REVOLUTION - ANIMAL LIB]ATION - CAN BE TRAC$ SOME:AT TO ! ONSET ( ! RADICAL ANIMAL RI<TS MOVEM5T 9 ! ,U,K4 ,AS E>LY AS ! #a#i#fS1 HUNT SABOTEURS HAD BE5 9T]V5+ TO DISRUPT BLOODSPORTS ACROSS ! C\NTRY1 FOCUS+ ON ! LEGALLY SANCTION$ PRACTICE ( FOX HUNT+4 ,FROM ! \TSET1 ?IS CULTIVAT$ AN UND]/&+1 REALIZ$ BY SO MANY LIB]ATION /RUGGLES 9 ! PA/1 ?AT ! LAW WAS DESIGN$ TO PROTECT ! EXPLOIT]S & !RE=E HAD TO BE BROK54 ,?IS BRIMM+ EMPHASIS ON DIRECT ACTION - ON A*IEV+ POLITICAL GOALS \TSIDE ( M$IATION ) =MAL 9/ITUTIONS - WAS !N GRADUALLY APPLI$ TO AN EV] BROAD] SPECTRUM ( T>GETS4 ,NOT ONLY W]E HUNTS T>GETT$ :IL/ UND]WAY1 !IR FACILITIES & VEHICLES W]E (T5 SABOTAG$ AS WELL1 ! PO9T BE+ TO PREV5T ! HUNT FROM BEG9N+ AT ALL4 ,DUR+ ! E>LY '#gS1 ONE GR\P ( HUNT SABS BAS$ 9 ,LUTON - CALL+ !MSELVES ! 0,B& ( ,M]CY0 - EV5 BEGAN ATTACK+ HUNT+ %OPS1 *ICK5 BRE$]S1 & VIVISECTION SUPPLI]S4 ,P]HAPS MO/ MEMORABLY1 9 #a#i#g#c1 ! ,B& BURN$ D[N A VIVISECTION LAB UND] CON/RUCTION NE> ,MILTON ,KEYNES1 PIONE]+ ! USE ( >SON = ! PURPOSES ( ANIMAL LIB]ATION4 

,SU* ACTIVITY SOON GAVE RISE TO AN EV5 MORE =MIDABLE ?REAT4 ,9 #a#i#g#f1 MEMB]S ( ! ,B& ( ,M]CY CREAT$ ! ,ANIMAL ,LIB]ATION ,FRONT 7,A,L,F71 CALL+ = ! APPLICATION ( SABOTAGE TACTICS TO PREV5T ANY =M ( ANIMAL EXPLOITATION4 ,MORE ( A BANN] ?AN AN ACTUAL ORGANIZATION1 ANYONE CAN DO AN ACTION & CLAIM IT AS ! ,A,L,F1 SO LONG AS !Y ADH]E TO A FEW BASIC PR9CIPLES4 ,LACK+ (FICIAL MEMB]S OR BRAN*ES1 ! FRONT IS COMPOS$ MA9LY ( SMALL1 AUTONOM\S AFF9ITY GR\PS2 ACT+ 9 ! /YLE ( A CL&E/9E GU]RILLA MOVEM5T1 P>TICIPANTS /RIKE MA9LY UND] ! COV] ( D>KNESS1 ONLY TO SUBSUME !MSELVES BACK )9 ! POPULATION AT L>GE4 ,?IS 9=MAL1 LEAD]LESS T]RA9 ( /RUGGLE IS EXACTLY :AT ALL[$ ! RESI/ANCE TO PROLIF]ATE SO EFFECTIVELY1 ALL ! :ILE M9IMIZ+ ! RISK ( /ATE REPRESSION4 ,HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( RAIDS HAVE BE5 COMPLET$ WORLDWIDE1 LIB]AT+ C\NTLESS ANIMALS FROM ! FACILITIES ?AT 5?RALL$ !M1 EI!R BY TRANSPORT+ !M TO SANCTU>IES OR SIMPLY RELEAS+ !M 9TO ! WILD4 ,NO LESS1 ?OSE PR(IT+ FROM ! MIS]Y HAVE SUFF]$ 9CALCULABLE LOSSES1 ) ! COMPANIES T>GETT$ - VIVISECTION LABS1 LIVE/OCK BRE$]S1 FUR F>MS1 FACTORY F>MS1 SLAU<T]H\SES - (T5 BE+ DRIV5 /RAI<T \T ( BUS9ESS4 ,! VA/ MAJORITY ( !SE RAIDS HAVE RESULT$ 9 Z]O APPREH5SIONS4 

,AMID A /EADY DECL9E 9 C\RAGE & MILITANCY FROM ! ,LEFT OV] ! LA/ DECADES1 GR\PS SU* AS ! ,A,L,F HAVE (T5 BE5 EXACTLY ! ONES TO KEEP ! FLAME ( REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE ALIVE4 ,RA!R ?AN BID+ TIME ) P>LIAM5T>Y PROC$URES OR M>*ES ?AT GO 9 CIRCLES1 ! ,A,L,F REFUSE TO WAIT = HI/ORICAL CONDITIONS TO IMPROVE1 9/EAD SETT+ \T TO IMM$IATELY BEG9 DISMANTL+ ! PHYSICAL 9FRA/RUCTURE SOCIAL HI]>*Y DEP5DS UPON TO FUNCTION4 ,WE'RE FAC$ ) AN AGE 9 :I* P[] HAS NO C5T]3 REVOLUTION ISN'T M]ELY A MATT] ( /ORM+ PALACES1 BUT ALSO ( CONFRONT+ ?IS ORD] ( MIS]Y ON EV]Y FRONT1 ESPECIALLY ?OSE MO/ BLATANTLY IGNOR$ 9 ! PA/4 

,EV]Y S+LE DAY1 LIT]ALLY MILLIONS ( ANIMALS >E CONF9$1 MUTILAT$1 & KILL$ = ! PURPOSES ( FOOD1 CLO?+1 5T]TA9M5T1 PHYSICAL LABOR1 & M$ICAL RESE>*4 ,W]E IT HUMANS BE+ MASSACR$ AS SU*1 ! DEA? C\NT W\LD EXCE$ ?AT ( MANY HOLOCAU/S - M]ELY 9 A MATT] ( H\RS4 ,( C\RSE1 IT ISN'T HUMANS ON ! O!R SIDE ( ! B>B$ WIRE1 SO WE TURN \R BACKS TO !IR WRET*$ TREATM5T1 QUITE CONFID5T SU* CONC]NS JU/ DON'T MATT]4 ,YET ?AT'S QUITE ! GRAVE RESPONSE3 :AT ON E>? IF WE'RE WRONG8 

,! MO/ 9FLU5TIAL CASE = ! BASELESSNESS ( ?IS 9DIFF]5CE CAME FROM ,PET] ,S+] 9 ! BOOK ,ANIMAL ,LIB]ATION 7#a#i#g#e74 ,C5T]+ ON A SEM9AL DISCUSSION ( ! NOTION ( SPECIESISM1 ! T]M IS !RE DEF9$ AS 0A PREJUDICE OR ATTITUDE ( BIAS T[>D ! 9T]E/S ( MEMB]S ( ONE'S [N SPECIES & AGA9/ ?OSE ( MEMB]S ( O!R SPECIES40 ,TO ?IS LIB]AL DEF9ITION1 WE C\LD ADD ?AT SPECIESISM1 ASIDE FROM MANIFE/+ 9 ! DISPOSITIONS ( 9DIVIDUALS1 IS /RONGLY ROOT$ 9 A P]VASIVE IDEOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK - REPRODUC$ BY 9/ITUTIONS SU* AS MASS M$IA1 ! LAW1 & PUBLIC $UCATION - ?AT S]VES TO DETA* HUMANITY FROM ! 5SLAVEM5T ( BILLIONS ( ANIMALS4 ,9DE$1 MANY PR(ESS$ RADICALS CONT9UE TO CA/ ASIDE ! TOPIC ( ANTI-SPECIESISM1 EV5 IF !Y'RE COMMITT$ TO FI<T+ OPPRESSIONS LIKE RACISM OR SEXISM4 ,YET ?AT MAKES LITTLE S5SE1 GIV5 ?AT EA* ( !SE RELIES ON ! V]Y SAME LOGIC3 A P>TICUL> GR\P IS MORALLY EXCLUD$ NOT ON ! BASIS ( !IR ACTUALLY HELD CAPACITIES1 BUT SIMPLY BECAUSE !Y APPE> TO BE MEMB]S ( A DIFF]5T BIOLOGICAL CATEGORY4 ,CLE>LY WE W\LD REJECT ?IS K9D ( REASON+ 9 ! CASE ( ASS]TIONS ( :ITE SUPREMACY OV] NON-:ITES - SK9 COLOR JU/ ISN'T A MORALLY RELEVANT QUALITY4 ,:AT NE$S TO BE NOTIC$1 ?\<1 IS ?AT SPECIESISM OP]ATES 9 ALMO/ EXACTLY ! SAME WAY2 ! ONLY DIFF]5CE IS ?AT IT S+LES \T SPECIES1 NOT RACE1 AS ! RELEVANT BIOLOGICAL CATEGORY4 

,?AT SAID1 FEW W\LD ADMIT TO MA9TA9+ SU* A CRUDE SPECIESI/ \TLOOK4 ,! ASSUMPTION H]E - AGA91 AS ) :ITE SUPREMACY - IS ?AT ! RELEVANT MORAL EXCLUSION IS GR\ND$ 9 SCI5CE1 NOT PREJUDICE4 ,9 P>TICUL>1 ! CAPACITY TO REASON IS NORMALLY S+L$ \T AS ! PRIME C&IDATE = JU/IFY+ HUMAN SUPREMACY4 ,SU* AN APPROA* CONT5DS ?AT1 RA!R ?AN RELY+ ON AN >BITR>Y BIOLOGICAL CATEGORY TO DI/ANCE \RSELVES FROM O!R SPECIES1 WE'RE 9/EAD DO+ SO ON ! BASIS ( \R ACTUALLY HELD CAPACITIES4 ,BUT ?IS COMMONPLACE JU/IFICATION IS REALLY NO?+ MORE ?AN A RUSE4 ,F> FROM BE+ AN 9H]5T ASPECT ( HUMAN COGNITION1 ! CAPACITY TO REASON IS M]ELY A TRAIT ?AT MO/ ( US HOLD 7& TO V>Y+ DEGREES74 ,!RE >E MANY HUMANS :O LACK ! CAPACITY = AB/RACT COGNITION1 SU* AS ORD9>Y 9FANTS & ADULTS ) C]TA9 M5TAL DISABILITIES2 H[EV]1 NO ONE S]I\S AB\T FI<T+ OPPRESSION W\LD TAKE ?AT AS AN EXCUSE = !IR MORAL EXCLUSION1 ESPECIALLY NOT IF IT MEANT TREAT+ !M AS WE DO O!R ANIMALS4 ,?AT CAN ONLY MEAN ?AT RATIONALITY ISN'T :AT WE REALLY C>E AB\T :5 MAK+ MORAL CONSID]ATIONS - RATIONALITY IS JU/ AN EXCUSE4 ,! ?+ ?AT MATT]S H]E IS S5TI5CE3 ! CAPACITY TO FEEL BO? PLEASURE & PA94 

,IT %\LD GO )\T SAY+ ?AT S5TI5CE IS ACCESSIBLE NOT ONLY TO HUMANS1 BUT ALSO ! VA/ MAJORITY ( NONHUMAN ANIMALS4 ,NOR IS ! K9D ( S5TI5CE 9VOLV$ H]E SOME WAT]$ D[N V]SION ( ! HUMAN EXP]I5CE4 ,MANY OR EV5 MO/ ANIMALS LEAD EXTREMELY RI* EMOTIONAL LIVES1 *>ACT]IZ$ 9T5SELY BY ALL ! HI<S & L[S ?AT COLOR \R [N /ATES ( M9D1 9CLUD+ EXCITEM5T1 JOY1 AWE1 RESPECT1 EMPA?Y1 BOR$OM1 EMB>RASSM5T1 GRIEF1 LONEL9ESS1 ANXIETY1 FE>1 & DESPAIR4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 ACCESS TO ALL ! FEEL+S ?AT HAVE DEF9$ ! BE/ & WOR/ MOM5TS ( \R LIVES - ?AT DET]M9E MO/ FUNDAM5TALLY :E!R ONE'S LIFE IS WOR? LIV+ - VA/LY TRANSC5DS ! B\ND>IES ( \R [N SPECIES4 ,ANIMALS >E AW>E ( ! WORLD1 & ( !IR PLACE )9 IT2 !IR LIVES >E 9TR9SICALLY VALUABLE1 IRRESPECTIVE ( :AT !Y CAN DO = US4 ,TO MORALLY EXCLUDE !M ON ! BASIS ( SPECIES MEMB]%IP IS ONLY ! K9D ( ?9K+ ?AT SETS ASIDE SK9 COLOR AS A VALID JU/IFICATION = HUMAN SLAV]Y4 ,BUT WE CAN'T D5Y ! LOGIC ( DOM9ATION 9 ONE CASE :IL/ RELY+ ON IT SO :IMSICALLY 9 ANO!R3 ANIMAL LIB]ATION MU/ BE F\<T = JU/ AS >D5TLY AS WE FI<T = \R [N4 

,AN?ROPOC5TRISM WAS SUIT$ TO AN AGE 9 :I* MO/ BELIEV$ ,GOD TO HAVE CREAT$ HUMANS 9 ,HIS [N IMAGE1 COMM&+ US TO 0HAVE DOM9ION OV] ! FI% ( ! SEA1 & OV] ! F[L ( ! AIR1 & OV] EV]Y LIV+ ?+ ?AT MOVE? UPON ! E>?40 ,COME ! #b#a/ C5TURY1 H[EV]1 NUM]\S LEAPS 9 HUMAN UND]/&+ - ! ,COP]NICAN REVOLUTION1 ,D>W9'S !ORY ( EVOLUTION1 ,FREUD'S !ORY ( ! UNCONSCI\S - HAVE SIGNIFICANTLY DE?RON$ ! IDEA ?AT HUMAN CULTURE SOMEH[ 9HABITS A WORLD AP>T FROM ,NATURE4 ,CLE>LY WE DIFF] FROM O!R ANIMALS 9 MANY ( \R COGNITIVE ABILITIES1 BUT ?IS IS A MATT] ( DEGREE1 NOT K9D2 \R EVOLUTION>Y HI/ORY M]ELY UPGRAD$ ! M5TAL FUNCTIONS ALREADY PRES5T AMONG NONHUMANS = MILLIONS ( YE>S1 RA!R ?AN CONF]R+ HUMANITY ) RADICALLY UNIQUE CAPACITIES4 ,O!R ANIMALS >E ABLE1 IF ONLY TO A LESS] EXT5T1 TO GRASP LANGUAGE1 DEMON/RATE SELF-AW>5ESS1 USE TOOLS1 9HABIT COMPLEX SOCIETIES1 APPRECIATE HUMOR1 & 5ACT RITUALS >\ND DEA?4 ,NOT ONLY ?AT1 MANY SEEM TO EASILY \TDO HUMANS :5 IT COMES TO ! CAPACITIES ( MEMORY1 NAVIGATION1 & SOCIABILITY4 ,9 T]MS ( ECOLOGICAL 9TEGRATION1 F9ALLY1 ANY NOTIONS ( HUMAN SUPREMACY />T TO GET EMB>RASS+3 BEES POLL9ATE SO MANY ( ! WORLD'S PLANTS1 PHYTOPLANKTON PHOTOSYN!SIZE HALF ( ITS OXYG51 FUNGI & BACT]IA >E ! PRIM>Y DECOMPOS]S ( ORGANIC MATT]4 ,& :AT ( ! HUMAN CONTRIBUTION TO ! PLANET>Y COMMUNITY8 ,! HI<LI<TS 9CLUDE CLIMATE *ANGE1 RADIOACTIVE WA/E1 & ! ,GREAT ,PACIFIC ,G>BAGE ,PAT*4 ,APP>5TLY N>CISSISM M>*ES 9 LOCK-/EP ) 9COMPET5CY3 ! IDEA ?AT ,NATURE SOMEH[ REQUIRES ! IMPOSITION ( HUMAN ORD] HAS ONLY EV] MEANT H] RU9ATION1 & ?AT ALL TOO CLE>LY 9CLUDES \R [N4 

,TO MAKE SOME?+ EXPLICIT1 ?\<1 NOTE ?AT IT'S NOT HUMANITY ?AT'S LAY+ WA/E TO ! V]Y FABRIC ( LIFE4 ,VULN]ABLE HUMAN GR\PS H>DLY /& TO B5EFIT FROM SPECIESISM2 ANIMAL AGRICULTURE1 = EXAMPLE1 IS ! LEAD+ CAUSE BO? ( WAT] POLLUTION & C>BON EMISSIONS1 BESIDES BE+ RESPONSIBLE = SOME ( ! MO/ ATROCI\S WORKPLACES ON E>?4 ,ALL SO ?AT CAPITALISM CAN SUPPLY ITS HUMAN CAPTIVES ) SO-CALL$ 0FOOD0 LOAD$ ) GR[? HORMONES & ANTIBIOTICS4 ,9 ESS5CE1 ALL CREATURES :O F9D !IR HOME ON ?IS DE> PLANET1 9CLUD+ ?OSE OPPRESS$ )9 \R [N SPECIES1 SUFF] 9 COMMON AT ! H&S ( A DISEASE - EQUAL P>TS ANTISOCIAL & ECOCIDAL - CALL$ SOCIAL HI]>*Y4 ,?IS IS ! MOM5T TO AB&ON \R SPECIESI/ ASSUMPTIONS1 FROM :I* ! DISCONNECTION ( HUMAN & ANIMAL LIB]ATION /RUGGLES RESULTS4 ,! /RUGGLE = LIB]ATION ADMITS ( NO F9AL FRONTI]S4 

,E>? LIB]ATION 

,! EM]G5CE ( ANIMAL LIB]ATION HAS BE5 MIRROR$ BY AN ADDITIONAL TR5D1 NO LESS VITAL = ! ONGO+ GRE5+ ( REVOLUTION3 E>? LIB]ATION4 ,9 ?IS CASE1 ! EXT5SION ( POLITICAL CONC]N TO NONHUMANS GOES EV5 BEYOND ! DOMA9 ( S5TI5CE1 H]E BE+ APPLI$ TO ECOSY/EMS ALTOGE!R1 IF NOT PLANET ,E>? AS A :OLE4 ,MANY RELATE TO ! OPPRESSION ( ! L& LEA/ EASILY1 GIV5 ?AT ! VALUE BEHOLD5 TO ECOSY/EMS IS ! MO/ F> REMOV$ FROM ! K9D WE \RSELVES POSSESS4 ,YET ?IS /UBBORN ATTITUDE IS DO+ US NO FAVORS3 AS WE MOVE 9TO ! ?ICK ( AN UNEASY C5TURY1 = ! FIR/ TIME UNSURE AS TO :E!R WE'LL EV5 MAKE IT TO ! NEXT1 WE CAN ONLY BEG9 TO RECONSID] ! HUMAN PRESUMPTION ( SUPREMACY OV] ALL ?+S4 

,COMP>$ ) ! RADICAL ANIMAL RI<TS MOVEM5T1 ! ORIG9 ( RADICAL 5VIRONM5TALISM TELLS A DIFF]5T /ORY1 >IS+ AS IT DID 9 RESPONSE TO ! FAIL+S ( ! MA9/REAM MOVEM5T4 ,:5 ,GRE5PEACE1 = EXAMPLE1 WAS E/ABLI%$ 9 #a#i#g#a1 ITS EXPLICIT PURPOSE WAS TO OV]COME ! CON=MITY ( GR\PS LIKE ! ,SI]RA ,CLUB & ,FRI5DS ( ! ,E>?4 ,BUT IT WASN'T LONG UNTIL ,GRE5PEACE1 TOO1 5D$ UP LOOK+ LIKE ANY OLD POLITICAL P>TY OR CORPORATION4 ,BY ATTEMPT+ TO BUILD A C5TRALIZ$ MASS MOVEM5T1 ! BUREAUCRATIC DIVISION BETWE5 CAMPAIGN] & SUPPORT] WAS CONT9UALLY RE9=C$1 SWAPP+ ! COMMITM5T TO DIRECT ACTION = AN UN9SPIR$ FOCUS ON FUNDRAIS+4 ,! RADICAL IMAGE WAS MA9TA9$ AS A W9N+ ADV]TIS+ TE*NIQUE1 EV5 ?\< ILLEGAL ACTIONS W]E TYPICALLY CONDEMN$ 9 FAVOR ( 9/ITUTIONAL 5GAGEM5T4 ,ACTUAL *ANGE WAS SUPPOS$ TO BE BR\<T AB\T NOT BY ORD9>Y PEOPLE1 BUT 9/EAD BY LAWY]S & BUS9ESSPEOPLE1 !IR SAL>IES 7& 9DIFF]5CE7 SOON GR[+ \T ( ALL PROPORTION4 ,DESPITE ACCESS TO UNTOLD FUNDS & RES\RCES1 !RE=E1 GR\PS LIKE ,GRE5PEACE FAIL$ TO (F] MU* TR\BLE TO ! GR[+ SURGE ( 5VIRONM5TAL DEVA/ATION1 (T5 HALT+ C]TA9 PROJECTS ONLY AT ! EXP5SE ( OP5LY 5DORS+ O!RS4 ,! PRESUM$ S9C]ITY ( ITS F\ND]S W]E ULTIMATELY IRRELEVANT3 PLAY+ BY ! RULES ( A SY/EM ?AT TAKES ECONOMIC GR[? AS 9VIOLABLE CAN ONLY MEAN COMPLICITY 9 ! ECOCIDE4 

,FAC$ ) ?IS L>GELY SYMBOLIC 5VIRONM5TALISM1 ONE DEF9ITIVE RESPONSE WAS ! =MATION ( ,E>? ,FIR/6 9 #a#i#h4 ,SET UP 9ITIALLY 9 ! ,U,S1 & SPREAD+ 9T]NATIONALLY A DECADE LAT]1 ! PO9T WAS TO EXCE$ ! LIMITATIONS ( ! MA9/REAM MOVEM5T BY FOCUS+ 9/EAD ON GRASSROOTS ORGANIZ+ & DIRECT ACTION4 ,?IS OP5$ UP A T]RA9 ( /RUGGLE 9 :I* DIALOGUE ) ! /ATE1 & BUREAUCRATIC PROC$URES MORE G5]ALLY1 BECAME COMPLETELY UNNECESS>Y4 ,COMMITT$ FROM ! />T TO (F] 0,NO COMPROMISE 9 DEF5SE ( ,MO!R ,E>?10 ,E>? ,FIR/6 5C\RAG$ PEOPLE TO TAKE MATT]S 9TO !IR [N H&S1 QUITE AW>E ?AT OBEY+ ! LAW W\LD ONLY GU>ANTEE DEFEAT4 ,9 DO+ SO1 C\NTLESS ECOSY/EMS W]E PROTECT$ FROM ! LIKES ( LOGG+1 DAMM+1 & ROAD-BUILD+1 9 SPITE ( ACTIVI/S HAV+ NEV] SP5T AN H\R 9 A BO>DROOM MEET+4 ,TO NOTE1 SIMIL> DIRECT ACTION TACTICS W]E ALREADY BE+ US$1 = EXAMPLE1 BY ANTI-NUCLE> ACTIVI/S 9 ,G]MANY & ! ,U,K2 YET ,E>? ,FIR/6 MADE A PO9T ( APPLY+ ?IS APPROA* MU* MORE BROADLY1 SETT+ \T NOT ONLY TO OPPOSE NEW PROJECTS1 BUT ALSO TO ROLL BACK ! FRONTI]S ( 9DU/RIAL CIVILIZATION ALTOGE!R4 

,ANO!R KEY EV5T 9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( RADICAL 5VIRONM5TALISM WAS ! CREATION ( ! ,E>? ,LIB]ATION ,FRONT 7,E,L,F7 9 ! ,U,K1 #a#i#i#b4 ,MODEL$ ALONG ! L9ES ( ! ,A,L,F1 ! ,E,L,F SET AB\T UTILIZ+ ! V]Y SAME EMPHASIS ON 9=MAL ORGANIZATION & SABOTAGE1 ONLY ?IS TIME 9 ! DEF5SE ( ! 5VIRONM5T4 ,?IS ALL[$ ABOVEGR\ND GR\PS LIKE ,E>? ,FIR/6 TO PUBLICLY DISSOCIATE ITSELF FROM MORE MILITANT ACTIONS1 CONC5TRAT+ 9/EAD ON MASS DEMON/RATIONS & CIVIL DISOB$I5CE1 EV5 ?\< /RONG TIES W]E MA9TA9$ BETWE5 ! TWO MOVEM5TS4 ,! ,E,L,F SOON SPREAD CAPILL>Y-/YLE ACROSS ! GLOBE1 FIR/LY ?R\<\T ,EUROPE1 & !N TO ,NOR? & ,S\? ,AM]ICA4 ,FROM ! =E/S ( ,KHIMKI & ,HAMBA*]1 TO ! SPRAWL+ METROPOLISES ( ,MEXICO ,CITY1 ,SANTIAGO1 & ,JAK>TA1 ! FIRES LIT = E>? LIB]ATION CONT9UE TO L& ON F]TILE GR\ND2 HUNDR$S ( MILLIONS ( DOLL>S WOR? ( DAMAGE HAVE BE5 CAUS$ TO ECOCIDAL 9DU/RIES1 9CLUD+ T>GETS SU* AS LOGG+ 9FRA/RUCTURE1 BIOTE*NOLOGY LABS1 P[] L9ES1 RETAIL SITES1 C> DEAL]%IPS1 LUXURY RESID5TIAL PROJECTS1 & SKI RESORTS4 ,ALREADY 9 #b#a1 ! EFFECTIV5ESS ( ! ,E,L,F HAD BE5 CONFIRM$ BEYOND ALL D\BT1 ) ! ,F,B,I DECL>+ !M 0! TOP DOME/IC T]ROR ?REAT0 9 ! ,U,S1 DESPITE HAV+ NEV] CAUS$ PHYSICAL H>M TO A S+LE LIV+ BE+4 

,:AT SET GR\PS LIKE ,E>? ,FIR/6 & ! ,E,L,F AP>T FROM ! MA9/REAM MOVEM5T WAS NOT1 H[EV]1 M]ELY A MATT] ( TACTICS4 ,9 MANY CASES1 ! REFUSAL TO COMPROMISE ON ! DEF5SE ( ! PLANET WAS UND]P9N$ BY A PHILOSOPHY ,>NE ,NAESS CALL$ 0DEEP ECOLOGY10 NAMELY1 ! VIEW ?AT ECOSY/EMS POSSESS VALUE 9 & ( !MSELVES1 IRRESPECTIVE ( !IR UTILITY = HUMAN BE+S4 ,AS A REPLACEM5T = AN?ROPOC5TRISM1 ,NAESS 5DORS$ BIOC5TRISM1 ! IDEA ?AT LIFE ITSELF IS ! LOCUS ( MORAL VALUE1 & ?AT SU* VALUE IS EQUAL 9 WEI<T TO ?AT :I* WE \RSELVES POSSESS4 ,! HUMAN EXP]I5CE IS BUT A S+LE FACET ( A VA/1 9T]CONNECT$ WEB ( LIFE1 ALL MEMB]S ( :I* - FROM =E/S1 TO 9SECTS1 TO M\NTA9S1 TO OCEANS - HAVE JU/ AS MU* RI<T TO EXI/ & FL\RI% AS WE DO4 ,BIOC5TRISM ?US CONT5DS ?AT RI*NESS & DIV]SITY )9 ! BIOSPH]E CAN BE R$UC$ ONLY 9 ORD] TO SATISFY ! MO/ VITAL ( HUMAN NE$S4 ,! EXPLOITATIVE ASSUMPTION ?AT WILD]NESS IS WA/$ UNLESS MADE PR(ITABLE MU/ BE TURN$ ON ITS HEAD3 ! WILD IS 9TR9SICALLY VALUABLE1 :E!R OR NOT HUMANS >E !RE TO 5JOY IT4 ,LIFE EXI/S = ITSELF1 NOT M]ELY = US4 

,DEEP ECOLOGICAL ?9K+ IS (T5 CONTRA/$ ) :AT ,NAESS DESCRIB$ AS 0%ALL[ ECOLOGY10 :I* IS ! T5D5CY TO RESPECT ! NE$ = ECOLOGICAL PROTECTION1 BUT ONLY 9S(> AS DO+ SO CAN BE JU/IFI$ AS PROMOT+ HUMAN 9T]E/S4 ,ALL ?AT %ALL[ ECOLOGY (F]S1 !RE=E1 IS A MORE PRUD5T TAKE ON AN?ROPOC5TRISM3 GIV5 ?AT \R [N LONG-T]M SURVIVAL AS A SPECIES IS DEP5D5T 7TO A DEGREE7 ON A HEAL?Y 5VIRONM5T1 IT W\LD BE FOOLI% TO DEVA/ATE IT TOO SEV]ELY4 ,:I* MI<T S\ND LIKE A B5IGN VIEW1 BUT IT BR+S ) IT SEV]E IMPLICATIONS4 ,IF ECOLOGICAL CONC]N IS TAK5 ONLY AS A MEANS T[>DS PROMOT+ HUMAN WELLBE+1 IT FOLL[S ?AT1 9 ?OSE CASES 9 :I* ! TWO FAIL TO CO9CIDE1 NO BASIS :ATSOEV] CAN BE PROVID$ = WORRY+ AB\T ! 5VIRONM5T4 ,)\T ADOPT+ A DEEP ECOLOGICAL POSITION1 WE C\LDN'T EXPLA91 = EXAMPLE1 :AT ! PROBLEM W\LD BE ) WIP+ \T EV]Y LA/ TRACE ( WILD]NESS ON E>?1 PRESUM+ ?AT DO+ SO HAD NO ADV]SE EFFECT ON HUMANS4 ,NOR %\LD WE SEE ANY?+ WRONG ) ! IDEA ( >TIFICIALLY ALT]+ GLOBAL WEA!R ON PURPOSE1 SO ?AT RA9 OR SUN%9E C\LD BE TRIGG]$ ) ! T\* ( A BUTTON4 ,NEI!R DOES %ALL[ ECOLOGY TREAT CLIMATE *ANGE AS A PROBLEM 9 ITSELF1 MEAN+ ?AT1 IF HUMANS C\LD SOMEH[ RELOCATE TO ANO!R PLANET 9 ! FUTURE1 WE C\LD QUITE HAPPILY *OKE ?IS ONE TO DEA?4 

,!SE >E ONLY ?\<T EXP]IM5TS1 BUT = MO/ ( US !Y /IR AN IMPORTANT 9TUITION1 ROOT$ 9 ! P>T ( \RSELVES ?AT HASN'T YET BE5 FULLY DOME/ICAT$3 HUMANITY IS BUT A P>T ( ,NATURE1 ) NO HI<] RI<T TO 9HABIT REALITY ?AN ANY?+ ELSE4 ,BESIDES1 !RE'S SOME?+ AB\T %ALL[ ECOLOGY ?AT'S 9H]5TLY P>ADOXICAL3 AN AU!NTICALLY ECOLOGICAL S5SIBILITY CAN ONLY BE GR\ND$ 9 RESPECT = ! HORIZONTAL SYMBIOSIS ( ALL LIFE1 SOME?+ ?AT TREAT+ ! E>? M]ELY AS A POOL ( HUMAN RES\RCES NECESS>ILY VIOLATES4 

,:IL/ ! T]M9OLOGY 9V5T$ BY DEEP ECOLOGY IS REC5T1 H[EV]1 ! WISDOM IT 9VOKES IS NOT4 ,AS LONG-/&+ ,A,L,F_/,E,L,F W>RIOR ,ROD ,CORONADO EXPLA9S1 9 LI<T ( HIS ,NATIVE ,AM]ICAN H]ITAGE3 0,! WORLD ?AT \R PEOPLE COME FROM & ?AT /ILL EXI/S = MANY 9DIG5\S PEOPLE - & NON-9DIG5\S PEOPLE TOO1 IF !Y *OOSE TO RECOGNIZE IT - IS A WORLD ?AT SEES EV]Y HUMAN BE+1 EV]Y ANIMAL BE+1 EV]Y PLANT BE+1 AS P>T ( A :OLE & EQUAL TO EA* O!R40 ,UND]/&+ DEEP ECOLOGY ISN'T SO MU* A MATT] ( LE>N+ SOME?+ NEW1 BUT ( REMEMB]+ ?AT :I* WAS ONCE AS OBVI\S AS ANY?+4 ,! 9TR9SIC VALUE ( LIFE ITSELF MU/ BE R$ISCOV]$ & F\<T = UNTIL ! BITT] 5D1 NOT AS A DI/RACTION FROM O!R LIB]ATION /RUGGLES1 BUT 9/EAD AS AN 9SEP>ABLE COMPON5T ( A S+LE1 MULTIFACET$ FI<T AGA9/ ALL =MS ( OPPRESSION4 ,! LA/ FEW DECADES DIVID$ ! /RUGGLE2 AT ?IS PO9T1 !SE SEP>ATE /R&S >E 9VIT$ TO CONV]GE1 (F]+ A GLIMPSE ( AN 5TIRELY NEW REVOLUTION>Y HORIZON4 

,SOME ( ! MO/ REVOLUTION>Y TEXTS P5N$ 9 REC5T DECADES - ?9K ( ,ALFR$O ,BONANNO OR ! ,9VISIBLE ,COMMITTEE - POSSESS AT !IR CORE A PR(\ND AFFIRMATION ( LIFE4 ,?IS IS EXACTLY :AT 9SPIRES ?AT EAG]NESS TO SEE ! EXI/5T CA/ 9 FLAMES3 ! ORD] ?AT PR(ESSES TO RULE OV] US IS1 9 ESS5CE1 A SY/EM ( DEA?1 CAPABLE ( P]SEV]+ ONLY TO ! EXT5T IT GR9DS D[N ALL ?AT'S WILD & FREE4 ,F> TOO (T51 ?\<1 AN APPRECIATION ( ?IS S5TIM5T IS LIMIT$ TO A DISCUSSION ( HUMAN LIFE1 =GETT+ ?AT LIFE 9 G5]AL IS :AT'S REALLY AT /AKE4 ,BY REPRODUC+ HUMAN SUPREMACY )9 REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLES - ?AT IS1 BY PR$ICAT+ ! LIB]ATION ( \R [N SPECIES ON ! 5SLAVEM5T ( ALL O!RS - WE FAIL TO *ALL5GE ! COMMON 5EMY ON EV]Y FRONT1 9VIT+ IT TO RECUP]ATE :]E \R BACKS >E TURN$4 ,! /RUGGLES = HUMAN & NONHUMAN LIB]ATION DO NOT COMPETE1 PRECISELY BECAUSE !Y >5'T SEP>ATE4 ,9 ! #b#a/ C5TURY1 ! ONLY FAULT L9E ?AT SPLITS ! 5TIRETY ( SOCIETY1 9CLUD+ EA* ( US1 IS ?AT :I* AFFIRMS LIFE COMP>$ ) ?AT :I* DE/ROYS IT4 

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