,*APT] #dd 8,AN>QUISME I ,NACIO8 ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,PET] ,GELD]LOOS ,TEXT 3 8,AN>QUISME I ,NACIO8 ,?REE >TICLES ON ! QUE/ION 0,AN>*ISM & ,NATIONALISM80 FROM ,ANTISI/EMA NO4#f1 ,SEPTEMB] #b#g4 ,! FIR/ TWO >E TRANSLAT$ FROM ,SPANI%1 ! ?IRD FROM ,CATALAN ) MU* APPRECIAT$ ASSI/ANCE FROM ,MADUIXA4 ,AN>*I/S 9 ,NATIONAL ,LIB]ATION ,/RUGGLES ,DR4 ,KOYAC ,I'M NOT GO+ TO SPEAK AB\T ! PHILOSOPHICAL OR !ORETICAL IMPLICATIONS ( ! RELATION BETWE5 AN>*ISM & NATIONALISM4 ,I WANT TO GO TO ! PRACTICAL HI/ORY4 ,H]E IS A BRIEF REVIEW ( ! CONNECTIONS AN>*I/S HAVE HAD ) DIV]SE NATIONAL LIB]ATION /RUGGLES 9 ! LA/ TWO C5TURIES4 ,S9CE ! COMM5CEM5T ( LIB]T>IAN SOCIALI/ IDEAS1 A P>T ( US HAVE CRI$ \T = HELP = ! WEAK] NATIONS4 ,IT IS SYMPTOMATIC ?AT ,BAKUN9 WAS IMPLICAT$ 9 ! ATTEMPT TO CREATE A ,PAN-,SLAVIC COMMONWEAL?1 UNIT+ ALL ! ,SLAVIC NATIONS AS ONE4 ,! AFFAIR CAME TO NAUIANISM ( ! ,POLI% NATIONALI/S1 ! IMM5SE SLICE ( T]RITORY ! ,RUSSIANS W\LD LOSE 7! ,BALKANS71 & ! FEW CLE> B5EFITS ?AT ?IS UNION W\LD HAVE = ! PEOPLES 9VOLV$4 ,:AT WAS MORE TANGIBLE IS ?AT YE>S LAT] V>I\S AN>*I/S SUPPORT$ DIV]SE /RUGGLES = 9DEP5D5CE1 = EXAMPLE ! ,ITALIAN AN>*I/S HELP+ ! ,BOSNIANS 9 !IR /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! ,OTTOMAN ,EMPIRE4 ,IT WAS NO M9OR AM\NT ( HELP ?AT ! ,IB]IAN AN>*I/S GAVE TO ! 9DEP5D5TI/AS ( ,CUBA & ,PU]TO ,RICO4 ,9 FACT ONE ( ! MOTIVES = ! ASSASS9ATION ( ,CANOVAS ( ,CA/ILLE WAS ! W> 9 ,CUBA4 ,& LAT] AN>*I/S W]E GIV+ AID TO ! NATIONALI/ ORGANIZATION ,I,M,R,O ( ,MAC$ONIA & TO ! 9SURRECTION ( ,?RACIA & ,MAC$ONIA 9 #a#i#c4 ,?IS REVOLUTION IS SC>CELY KN[N TO HAVE PRODUC$ ! FIR/ LIB]T>IAN COMMUNES ( ! #b? C5TURY 9 ! LIB]AT$ L&S 7= EXAMPLE ! ,9DEP5D5T ,REPUBLIC ( ,KRU%EVO74 ,!Y W]E AN>*I/S & SOCIALI/S & )\T EXCEPTION /RUGGL$ AGA9/ ! ,TURKS = ! NATIONAL LIB]ATION ?AT W\LD ALL[ !M TO 9ITIATE SOCIALISM 9 ?OSE L&S4 ,!Y DIDN'T SEE IT AS 9COMPATIBLE4 ,! NATIONALI/ ,S]BIAN ORGANIZATION ( ,GAVRILO ,PR9CIP1 :O ASSASS9AT$ ,>*DUKE ,F]D9& ( ,AU/RIA1 CREAT+ ! EXCUSE = BEG9N+ ,WORLD ,W> ,I1 WAS 9 CONTACT ) AN>*I/ IDEAS4 ,9 ?OSE YE>S SOME?+ SIMIL> HAPP5$ TO ! AN>*I/S ( ,>M5IA1 ?\< SADLY LAT] !Y HAD TO COMPETE & FIE ALSO ! ,JEWS ( ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T ! ,BUND & O!R ,JEWI% AN>*I/S :O CREAT$ !IR [N MOVEM5TS ONLY = PEOPLE ( SIMIL> ORIG94 ,NEI!R WAS IT /RANGE ?AT ! ,KOREAN AN>*I/S W]E ALSO FI & REVOLUTION FROM #a#i#b#i-#c#a !Y LIB]AT$ SEV]AL T]RITORIES SU* AS ! ,%9M9 ,COMMUNE4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 AN>*I/S HAVE ALWAYS CELEBRAT$ 9T]NATIONALISM ALMO/ )\T LIMITS4 ,!Y HAVE BE5 ADVOCATES ( APATRIATION1 ( ,ESP]ANTO1 ( TRAVEL+ ! :OLE WORLD SPREAD+ AN IDEA & A PRACTICE4 ,AS WE CAN SEE1 !RE'S SOME ( EV]Y?+1 FROM ! >M$ CONFRONTATION BETWE5 ,MAKHNO & ! ,UKRA9IAN NATIONALI/S ( ,PETLIURA1 TO ! CREATION ( A MOVEM5T AGGLOM]AT+ AN>*I/S & NATIONALI/S 9 ! CASE ( ! ,KOREANS4 ,AN>*Y & ,NATIONALISM ,J>IS ,T4 ,BY NATIONALISM ,I UND]/& ! FEEL+ ( BELONG+ AMONG MEMB]S ( A CONCRETE 5TITY1 :O %>E COMMON FEATURES SU* AS CULTURE1 LANGUAGE1 TRADITIONS1 OR HI/ORY4 ,?IS FEEL+ CAN EXI/ 9 DIFF]5T WAYS 9 EA* 9DIVIDUAL1 & 9 A S]IES ( /RATA -- NEIRIVAL ( ! LIB]AL B\RGEOIS /ATE1 NATIONALISM WAS 9/ITUTIONALIZ$1 ITS SYMBOLS 7FLAG1 AN!M1 COAT ( >MS7 AFFIX$1 & ! PEOPLE W]E DECEIV$ 9TO DEF5D+ AGA9/ OR ATTACK+ O!R /ATES 9 ! 9T]E/S ( P[] AS ?\< !Y W]E !IR [N 9T]E/S4 ,! DEF5SE OR ATTACK ( ! VALUES ( A NATION1 AP>T FROM BE+ A /RATEGY CONTRIV$ BY ! DOM9ANT SY/EM TO MANAGE ! CONS5T ( ! DOM9AT$1 IS ANTAGONI/IC TO DEVELOPM5T4 ,! TRANSMISSION ( KN[L$GE1 ! MIX ( VALUES1 ! FUSION ( REALITIES1 9 A WORD1 9T]CULTURALISM1 IS ?AT :I* HAS ADVANC$ HUMANITY1 & NOT BORD]S1 W>S1 HOMOG5IZATION1 NOR PATRIOTISM4 ,AN>*Y CAN A*IEVE ! ATOMIZATION ( EA* & EV]Y ONE ( ?OSE LEVELS ( BELONG+ UNTIL >RIV+ AT ! SOV]EIGNTY ( ! 9DIVIDUAL2 ?US AN>*I/S EMBRACE ALL CULTURES1 UND]/&+ ?AT EA* ONE ( !M HAS SOME?+ WE VALUE1 )\T PUTT+ ONE OV] ! O!R4 ,APATRIATION IS ! CONCEPT ?AT MO/ APPROA*ES MY [N FEEL+ ( NOT BELONG+4 ,IT IS UND]/&ABLE ?AT O!R EXP]I5CES RESULT 9 A GREAT] ATTA*M5T TO ! LOCAL CULTURE1 BUT :5EV] !Y PUT ONE OV] ! O!R1 OR EXCLUDE O!R OPTIONS1 IT IS A SYMPTOM ( ! ABUSE ( A CORRUPT P[]4 ,AGA9/ ,LIB]T>IAN ,DOCTR9E ,RIC>D DE ,V>GAS ,GOL>ONS EXTRACT$ FROM ! AN>*I/ Z9E 0,VOLTOR ,NEGRE10 NO#d1 ,T>RAGONA #a#i#i#e4 ,AN>*ISM HAS NOT KN[N H[ TO UND]/& NATIONAL OPPRESSION 9 ?IS MO/ P>TICUL> =M1 & !RE=E IT HAS CONFUS$ ! NATIONALI/ LIB]AL 9ITIATIVES ( ! #a#i? C5TURY ) ALL POSSIBLE PA?S = NATIONAL LIB]ATION4 ,BAS$ ON ! IDEA ?AT ALL NATIONAL RECLAMATION HAS AS ITS OBJECTIVE ! CREATION ( A NEW 9DEP5D5T /ATE CONTROLL$ BY ! LOCAL B\RGEOISIE1 AN>*ISM HAS IGNOR$ ?AT & IMPLICITLY COME TO FAVOR ! /ATI/ PROJECT ( UNI=MIZATION4 ,SU* AN ]ROR AS CONFUS+ ! /ATE ) ! NATIONAL COMMUNITY IS TO ?9K ?AT TAK+ UP A /RUGGLE = NATIONAL LIB]ATION WILL SEP>ATE1 IF NOT TURN AGA9/ ONE ANO!R1 ! POPUL> CLASSES ( ! DIFF]5T NATIONS )9 A PLUR9ATIONAL /ATE 9 FAVOR ( ! LOCAL B\RGEOISIE4 ,9T]NATIONAL SOLID>ITY1 9 ?IS CASE BETWE5 DIFF]5T NATIONAL COMMUNITIES SUBSUM$ BY ! ,SPANI% /ATE1 9 ! FACE ( ?IS COMMON 5EMY1 MU/ BE PRODUC$ 9 AN EQUALITY ( CONDITIONS4 ,! USE1 = EXAMPLE1 ( ! LANGUAGE ( ONE ( !SE 9 ! PRESS & PROPAG&A READ BY ! O!RS IMPOSES A NEW HI]>*Y1 & F9ALLY A SACRIFICE ( ! M9ORITY COMMUNITIES 9 FAVOR ( ! (FICIAL4 ,:AT WAS O/5SIBLY F$]ALISM HAS CONV]T$ TO C5TRALISM4 ,! DAILY /RUGGLE ( ! ,CATALAN POPUL> CLASSES IS 9 SOLID>ITY ) ! POPUL> CLASSES ( O!R NATIONS1 BUT NOT )9 ! >TIFICIAL & N>R[ GEOGRAPHICAL B\ND>IES ( ! ,SPANI% /ATE2 RA!R BEYOND ITS BORD]S4 ,WE >E NOT 5=C+ SEP>ATION1 WE >E RECOGNIZ+ EA* P]SON'S 9DIVIDUALITY1 PRIOR CONDITION1 & NE$ TO CONFRONT ! COMMON 5EMY1 ! /ATE4 ,BUT ! ,ESPANYOLISMO ( ! LIB]T>IAN MOVEM5T IS NOT ONLY A CONFUSION ( NAMES1 BUT ALSO A CONCEPTION MU* MORE PR(\ND4 ,ID5TIFY+ ONESELF ) ! T]RITORY ( 0,SPA910 ADOPT+ IT AS ! B\ND>IES ( ORGANIZATION 9 ! PRES5T & FUTURE1 FEEL+ ONESELF TO BE A 0,SPANI>D10 REPRES5TS ! ACCEPTANCE & PRIORITIZATION ( ! POLITICAL ADM9I/RATIVE-REPRESSIVE CRIT]IA ( ! /ATE AGA9/ ! POPUL> CRIT]IA4 ,HI/ORICALLY1 ! 0,SPANI% LIB]T>IAN MOVEM5T0 HAS CONDEMN$ ON REPEAT$ OCCASIONS ! NATIONAL RECLAMATIONS1 LABEL+ !M AS 0SEP>ATISM40 ,:AT DOES ?AT MEAN !N1 AB\T !IR F$]ALISM8 ,F$]ALISM SUPPOSES ! GR\P+ OR ASSOCIATION ( 9DIVIDUALS ?AT W]E PREVI\SLY 9DEP5D5T1 & ?AT REMA9 FREE TO ASSOCIATE OR SEP>ATE :5EV] !Y CONSID] IT BE/4 ,TO SPEAK ( 0SEP>ATISM0 SUPPOSES A MODEL ( ORGANIZATION ?AT IS OBLIGATORY1 & !RE=E1 ?AT CANNOT BE *ANG$ FREELY4 ,IT IS NECESS>Y TO COMBAT ! ,ESPANYOLISMO ( ! LIB]T>IAN MOVEM5T & ALL ! CONS]VATISM ?AT 9FECTS ! /]EOTYP$ 0P>ADISE40 ,WE >5'T GO+ TO CREATE NEW BORD]S1 BUT DE/ROY ! EXI/+ ONES4 ,WE WILL DISSOLVE ! OLD WORLD4 ,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,JANU>Y #b#a1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #dd -- ,ADD$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/