,*APT] #ba 
,PAWEL ,LEW ,M>EK 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PET] ,GELD]LOOS 

,TEXT 3 

,PAWEL ,LEW ,M>EK 

7TEXT ADAPT$ FROM TWO >TICLES 9 ISSUE _?#b#i ( ,ABOLI%+ ! ,BORD]S FROM ,BEL[1 ,MAY #b#g74 

,REC5TLY1 ,POLI% AN>*I/ ,MI*AL ,PRZYBOR[SKI PUT \T A BOOK ON ! LIFE ( ,PAWEL ,LEW ,M>EK1 ILLUM9AT+ ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T 9 ,POL& BE=E ,WORLD ,W> ,I,I & ! CRUCIAL P>TICIPATION ( AN>*I/S 9 BO? ! ,W>SAW ,<ETTO ,UPRIS+ ( #aidc & ! ,W>SAW ,UPRIS+ ( #a#i#d#d4  ,PAWEL ,LEW ,M>EK WAS BORN ON ! #a#f? ( ,AUGU/1 #a#i#b1 NE> ,PRZEMYSL 9 S\!A/]N ,POL&4  ,AS A Y\? HE ?REW HIMSELF 9TO UNION ORGANIZ+ & LABOR UNRE/4  ,!SE W]E YE>S ( 9/ABILITY & T5SION4  ,! ,SOVIET ,UNION WAS TRY+ TO CEM5T ITS CONTROL OV] COMMUNI/ MOVEM5TS >\ND ! GLOBE1 BUT 9 ,POL&1 :I* HAD JU/ F\<T A W> = ITS 9DEP5D5CE FROM ,G]MANY & ,RUSSIA1 NATIONALI/ & ANTI-COMMUNI/ S5TIM5TS W]E 9 FULL BLOOM4  ,MU* ( ,EUROPE SUFF]$ ECONOMIC DEPRESSION AFT] ,WORLD ,W> ,I1 & ! DEPRESSION W\LD SOON BECOME A FULL SCALE CRA%4  ,9 SEV]AL C\NTRIES1 FASCISM WAS ON ! RISE4 

,DESPITE IT ALL1 AN>*I/S 9 ,POL& CONT9U$ TO GR[ /RONG]4 ,9 #aibf ,PAWEL HELP$ =M ! ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION ( ,POL& & HE S]V$ = SEV]AL YE>S AS AN $ITOR ( ! ILLEGAL AN>*I/ NEWSPAP]1 ,CLASS ,/RUGGLE4 ,! HEAVY /ATE REPRESSION 9 ?OSE YE>S DROVE ! AN>*I/S TO =M ! /RUCTURES ?AT W\LD BECOME CRUCIAL TO !IR SURVIVAL UND] FASCI/ OCCUPATION4  ,9 #a#i#d#a1 ,PAWEL1 AS A ,JEW1 WAS S5T TO ! <ETTO 9 ,W>SZAWA -- ,W>SAW -- BUT HE MANAG$ TO ESCAPE ) HIS LIFE BE=E ! <ETTO WAS LIQUIDAT$4 ,ONCE !Y REALIZ$ ?AT ! ?\S&S ( PEOPLE :O HAD BE5 S5T \T ) ! FIR/ DEPORTATION WAVE 9 #aidb W]E NOT RESETTL$ 9 ! ,EA/1 AS CLAIM$1 BUT EXT]M9AT$1 ?OSE :O REMA9$ 9 ! <ETTO DECID$ TO RESI/ ! NEXT WAVE4 ,! ,JEWI% ,COMBAT ,ORGANIZATION1 9CLUD+ MANY AN>*I/S1 SEIZ$ WEAPONS1 SMUGGL$ !M 91 OR MADE !IR [N4 ,ON #ah ,JANU>Y1 #a#i#d#c1 HUNDR$S ( WOM5 & M5 9 ! <ETTO ROSE UP & HALT$ ! ,NAZI DEPORTATION EF=TS AFT] A FEW DAYS4 ,) A SMALL NUMB] ( GUNS & MOLOTOV COCKTAILES1 ! RESI/ANCE FI<T]S TOOK CONTROL ( ! ,W>SZAWA <ETTO & DEFEAT$ ! FIR/ ,NAZI C\NT](F5SIVES4 ,MANY ,JEWS W]E ABLE TO ESCAPE1 (T5 ) ! HELP ( ,POLI% P>TIZANS4  ,POLI% COMMUNI/S1 AN>*I/S1 & NATIONALI/S SMUGGL$ 9 WEAPONS & ATTACK$ ,NAZI GU>DPO/S ON ! WALL >\ND ! <ETTO4  ,! ,NAZIS TOOK HUNDR$S ( CASUALTIES 9 CRU%+ ! REBELLION & HAD TO DEVOTE SEV]AL ?\S& TROOPS DIRELY NE$$ ON ! ,EA/]N ,FRONT4 

,ON #ai ,APRIL ! ,JEWI% FI<T]S DEFEAT$ ANO!R ,NAZI (F5SIVE4  ,BUT ! ,NAZI LEAD]%IP MADE IT A PRIORITY TO CRU% ! REBELLION2 !Y HAD REPLAC$ ! COMM&+ (FIC] & W\LD NOT TOL]ATE FAILURE4  ,! ,NAZIS PU%$ ON1 ) SUP]IOR =CES & WEAPONRY1 BUT ULTIMATELY !Y HAD TO BURN ! <ETTO D[N BLOCK BY BLOCK4  ,?R\<\T ! PROCESS1 !Y CONT9U$ TO LOSE TROOPS4  ,RESI/ANCE FI<T]S W]E ALSO ABLE TO DE/ROY SEV]AL >MOR$ VEHICLES4  ,ON #h ,MAY ! ,NAZIS SEIZ$ ! MA9 COMM& PO/ ( ! ,JEWI% ,COMBAT ,ORGANIZATION4  ,! PEOPLE 9SIDE F\<T TO ! DEA? OR TOOK CYANIDE TO AVOID CAPTURE4  ,! ,<ETTO ,UPRIS+ WAS (FICIALLY CRU%$ ON #af ,MAY1 #a#i#d#c1 BUT ! ,NAZIS DID NOT W9 !IR F9AL BATTLE AGA9/ >M$ ,JEWS HID+ \T 9 ! RU9S ( ! <ETTO UNTIL #e ,JUNE4 ,9 ! MEANTIME1 HUNDR$S ( ,JEWS HAD ESCAP$ TO CONT9UE ! FI<T AGA9/ ! ,NAZIS 9 ! CITY OR 9 ! =E/S1 & ?OSE :O DID NOT SURVIVE HAD WON A DIGNIFI$ DEA? & CONTRIBUT$ TO ! DEFEAT ( ! ,NAZIS4  ,! ,ALLI$ GOV]NM5TS1 MEAN:ILE1 HAD GIV5 ALMO/ NO SUPPORT TO ! ,UPRIS+4   ,LAT] ! SAME YE>1 ON ,M>EK'S BIR?DAY1 ANO!R 9SURRECTION BROKE \T 9 ! ,BIALY/OK <ETTO4 

,PAWEL P]SONALLY TOOK P>T 9 ! G5]AL UPRIS+ 9 ,W>SZAWA 9 #a#i#d#d1 :I* RESULT$ 9 OV] #b#f1 ,NAZI MILIT>Y CASUALTIES & P]HAPS #b1 ,POLI% DEA?S4  ,! ,NAZI COMM&]S CALL$ ! CITY AT ?IS TIME A 0C5T] ( *AOS0 RESPONSIBLE = MO/ ( !IR PROBLEMS ON ?AT FRONT4  ,! PLAN ( ! ,POLI% REBELS WAS TO LIB]ATE ,W>SZAWA BE=E ! ,SOVIET ,>MY >RIV$4  ,!Y KNEW ! ,ALLIES 9T5D$ TO DIVIDE ,EUROPE 9TO SPH]ES ( 9FLU5CE1 ,SOVIET-OCCUPI$ OR ,U,S-OCCUPI$1 & !Y WANT$ TO *ANGE ! C\RSE ( HI/ORY4  ,BUT ,/AL9 SL[$ ! ADVANCE ( HIS >MY1 ALL[+ ! ,NAZIS TO FREE UP ! TROOPS !Y NE$$ TO CRU% ! UPRIS+4   ,) ! ,SOVIET OCCUPATION1 ,PAWEL CONT9U$ TO BE ACTIVE 9 ! LABOR MOVEM5T & TO WORK ) A COOP]ATIVE PUBLI%+ H\SE 9 ,LODZ & A UNION NEWSPAP] 9 ,W>SZAWA4  ,HE DI$ ON ! #g? ( ,NOVEMB] 9 #a#i#g#a1 & IS BURI$ 9 ,P[AZKI ,CEMET]Y 9 ,W>SZAWA4 

,TODAY1 ,POL&'S ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION 7,F,A7 IS ALIVE AGA91 & LABOR ORGANIZ+ 9 ,POL& IS GA9+ /R5G? AS ,WE/]N ,EUROPEAN C\NTRIES MOVE !IR FACTORIES H]E4  ,! ,F,A HAS ACTIVE SECTIONS 9 OV] A DOZ5 CITIES1 ) ! NEWE/ SECTION CREAT$ BY ,POLI% EMIGRES 9 ,IREL&4  ,! ,F,A HAS G5]AL MEET+S TWICE ANNUALLY1 :ILE A COORD9AT+ SECTION KEEPS ! DIFF]5T GR\PS 9 CONTACT ?R\<\T ! RE/ ( ! YE>4  ,9 #b#a1 A NETWORK ( LABOR ACTIVI/S1 MO/LY )9 ! ,F,A1 F\ND$ ,9ICJATYWA ,PRAC[NICZA1 ,WORK]S' ,9ITIATIVE1 :I* LAT] TRANS=M$ ITSELF 9TO A TRADE UNION4  ,WORK]S' ,9ITIATIVE ORGANIZES UNIONS 9 SEV]AL FACTORIES1 & !Y ALSO HAVE A PRES5CE 9 ! ,POLI% ,PO/4  ,!Y HAVE BE5 9FLU5C$ BY ! ,ITALIAN WORK]S' AUTONOMY MOVEM5T3 !Y MAKE USE ( ILLEGAL /RIKES & SUPPORT WILDCAT /RIKES :5 !SE CROP UP4  ,! GR\P HAS A PRES5CE 9 SOME ( ! MO/ IMPORTANT FACTORIES 9 ,POL&4  ,LABOR ORGANIZ+ 9 ! ,WE/ WAS CO-OPT$ ACROSS ! BO>D1 & %AP$ 9TO A TOOL TO RECUP]ATE RESI/ANCE & 9VOLVE WORK]S 9 MANAG+ !IR [N EXPLOITATION4  ,N[1 FACTORY ORGANIZ+ 9 ! WEAL?IE/ C\NTRIES IS G5]ALLY OBSOLETE BECAUSE NE>LY ALL ( ! FACTORIES HAVE MOV$ TO POOR] C\NTRIES4  ,SOME AN>*I/S HAVE NO MORE FAI? 9 UNIONS4 ,O!RS >E WAIT+ TO SEE IF MOVEM5TS 9 ,POL& & ELSE:]E CAN LE>N FROM PA/ MI/AKES & DEVELOP SURPRIS+ =MS ( RESI/ANCE TO CAPITALISM4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #b#a1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #ba -- ,ADD$4 

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