,*APT] #i 
,( ,LEISURE 

#ahcaahca 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,WILLIAM ,GODW9 

,TEXT 3 

,E,S,S,A,Y ,I,X 

,( ,L,E,I,S,U,R,E 

,! RIV] ( HUMAN LIFE IS DIVID$ 9TO TWO /REAMS2 OCCUPATION & LEISURE--OR1 TO EXPRESS ! ?+ MORE ACCURATELY1 ?AT OCCUPATION1 :I* IS PRESCRIB$1 & MAY BE CALL$ ! BUS9ESS ( LIFE1 & ?AT OCCUPATION1 :I* >ISES CONT+5TLY1 & NOT SO MU* ( ABSOLUTE & SET PURPOSE1 NOT BE+ PRESCRIB$3 SU* BE+ ! MORE EXACT DESCRIPTION ( !SE TWO DIVISIONS ( HUMAN LIFE1 9ASMU* AS ! LATT] IS (T5 NOT LESS E>NE/ & 9T5T 9 ITS PURSUITS ?AN ! =M]4 

,IT W\LD BE A CURI\S QUE/ION TO ASC]TA9 :I* ( !SE IS ( ! HI<E/ VALUE4 

,TO ?IS 9QUIRY ,I HE> MYSELF L\DLY & VEHEM5TLY ANSW]$ FROM ALL H&S 9 FAVOR ( ! FIR/4 0,?IS10 ,I AM TOLD BY UNANIM\S ACCLAMATION1 0IS ! BUS9ESS ( LIFE40 

,! DECISION 9 FAVOR ( :AT WE PRIM>ILY CALL$ OCCUPATION1 ABOVE :AT WE CALL$ LEISURE1 MAY 9 A MITIGAT$ S5SE BE 5T]TA9$ AS TRUE4 ,MAN CAN LIVE ) LITTLE OR NO LEISURE1 = MILLIONS ( HUMAN BE+S DO SO LIVE3 BUT ! SPECIES TO :I* WE BELONG1 & ( CONSEQU5CE ! 9DIVIDUALS ( ?AT SPECIES1 CANNOT EXI/ AS !Y \<T TO EXI/1 )\T OCCUPATION4 

,GRANT+ H[EV] ! P>AM\NT CLAIMS ?AT OCCUPATION HAS TO \R REG>D1 LET US 5DEAVOR TO >RIVE AT A JU/ E/IMATE ( ! VALUE ( LEISURE4 

,IT HAS BE5 SAID BY SOME ONE1 ) GREAT APPE>ANCE ( TRU?1 ?AT S*OOLBOYS LE>N AS MU*1 P]HAPS MORE1 ( B5EFICIAL KN[L$GE 9 !IR H\RS ( PLAY1 AS 9 !IR H\RS ( /UDY4 

,! WISDOM ( AGES HAS BE5 APPLI$ TO ASC]TA9 :AT >E ! MO/ DESIRABLE TOPICS = ! /UDY ( ! S*OOLBOY4 ,!Y >E SELECT$ = ! MO/ P>T BY ! P>5T4 ,!RE >E FEW P>5TS ?AT DO NOT FEEL A S9C]E & DIS9T]E/$ DESIRE = ! WELF>E ( !IR *ILDR54 ,IT IS AN UNQUE/IONABLE MAXIM1 ?AT WE >E ! BE/ JUDGES ( ?AT ( :I* WE HAVE \RSELVES HAD EXP]I5CE2 & ALL P>5TS HAVE BE5 *ILDR54 ,IT IS !RE=E IDLE & RIDICUL\S TO SUPPOSE ?AT ?OSE /UDIES :I* HAVE = C5TURIES BE5 *OS5 BY ! 5LI<T5$ MATURE = ! OCCUPATION ( ! Y\NG1 HAVE NOT = ! MO/ P>T BE5 WELL *OS54 ,( !SE /UDIES ! E>LIE/ CONSI/ 9 ! >TS ( READ+ & WRIT+4 ,NEXT FOLL[S >I?METIC1 ) P]HAPS SOME RUDIM5TS ( ALGEBRA & GEOMETRY4 ,AFT]W>DS COMES 9 DUE ORD] ! ACQUISITION ( LANGUAGES1 P>TICUL>LY ! DEAD LANGUAGES2 A MO/ =TUNATE OCCUPATION = ?OSE YE>S ( MAN1 9 :I* ! MEMORY IS MO/ RET5TIVE1 & ! REASON+ P[]S HAVE YET ACQUIR$ NEI!R SOLIDITY NOR 5L>GEM5T4 ,SU* >E ! OCCUPATIONS ( ! S*OOLBOY 9 HIS PRESCRIB$ H\RS ( /UDY4 

,BUT ! S*OOLBOY IS COOP$ UP 9 AN AP>TM5T1 IT MAY BE ) A NUMB] ( HIS FELL[S4 ,HE IS SEAT$ AT A DESK1 DILIG5TLY CONN+ ! PORTION ( LE>N+ ?AT IS DOL$ \T TO HIM1 OR1 :5 HE HAS MA/]$ HIS LESSON1 RECIT+ IT ) ANXI\S BR[ & UNASSUR$ LIPS TO ! S5IOR1 :O IS TO CORRECT HIS ]RORS1 & PRON\NCE UPON ! SUFFICI5CY ( HIS 9DU/RY4 ,ALL ?IS MAY BE WELL3 BUT IT IS A NEW & MORE EXHIL>AT+ SPECTACLE ?AT PRES5TS ITSELF TO \R OBS]VATION1 :5 HE IS DISMISS$ FROM HIS TEMPOR>Y LABORS1 & RU%ES IMPETU\SLY \T TO ! OP5 AIR1 & GIVES FREE SCOPE TO HIS LIMBS & HIS VOICE1 & IS NO LONG] UND] ! EYE ( A C5SOR ?AT %ALL MAKE HIM FEEL HIS SUBORD9ATION & DEP5D5CE4 

,MEAN:ILE ! QUE/ION UND] CONSID]ATION WAS1 NOT 9 :I* /ATE HE EXP]I5C$ ! MO/ HAPP9ESS1 BUT :I* WAS PRODUCTIVE ( ! GREATE/ IMPROVEM5T4 

,! REVIEW ( ! HUMAN SUBJECT IS CONV5I5TLY DIVID$ UND] ! HEADS ( BODY & M9D4 

,!RE CAN BE NO D\BT ?AT ! HEAL? ( ! BODY IS MO/ PROMOT$ BY ?OSE EX]CISES 9 :I* ! S*OOLBOY IS 5GAG$ DUR+ ! H\RS ( PLAY4 ,& IT IS FUR!R TO BE CONSID]$ ?AT HEAL? IS REQUIR$1 NOT ONLY ?AT WE MAY BE S]5E1 CONT5T$ & HAPPY1 BUT ?AT WE MAY BE 5ABL$ EFFECTUALLY TO EX]T ! FACULTIES ( ! M9D4 

,BUT !RE IS ANO!R WAY1 9 :I* WE >E CALL$ UPON TO CONSID] ! DIVISION ( ! HUMAN SUBJECT UND] ! HEADS ( BODY & M9D4 

,! BODY IS ! IMPLEM5T & 9/RUM5T ( ! M9D1 ! TOOL BY :I* MO/ ( ITS PURPOSES >E TO BE EFFECT$4 ,WE LIVE 9 ! MID/ ( A MAT]IAL WORLD1 OR ( :AT WE CALL SU*4 ,! GREAT] P>T ( ! PURSUITS 9 :I* WE 5GAGE1 >E A*IEV$ BY ! ACTION ( ! LIMBS & MEMB]S ( ! BODY UPON EXT]NAL MATT]4 

,\R COMMUNICATIONS ) \R FELL[-M5 >E ALL ( !M C>RI$ ON BY MEANS ( ! BODY4 

,N[ ! ACTION ( ! LIMBS & MEMB]S ( ! BODY IS 9F9ITELY IMPROV$ BY ?OSE EX]CISES 9 :I* ! S*OOLBOY BECOMES 5GAG$ DUR+ HIS H\RS ( PLAY4 ,9 ! FIR/ PLACE IT IS TO BE CONSID]$ ?AT WE DO ?OSE ?+S MO/ ?OR\<LY & 9 ! %ORTE/ TIME1 :I* >E SPONTANE\S1 ! RESULT ( \R [N VOLITION2 & SU* >E ! EX]CISES 9 :I* ! S*OOLBOY 5GAGES DUR+ ?IS P]IOD4 ,HIS HE>T & S\L >E 9 :AT HE DOES4 ,! MAN OR ! BOY MU/ BE A POOR CREATURE 9DE$1 :O NEV] DOES ANY ?+ BUT AS HE IS BID BY ANO!R4 ,IT IS 9 HIS VOLUNT>Y ACTS & HIS SPORTS1 ?AT HE LE>NS ! SKILLFUL & EFFECTIVE USE ( HIS EYE & HIS LIMBS4 ,HE SELECTS HIS M>K1 & HE HITS IT4 ,HE TRIES AGA9 & AGA91 EF=T AFT] EF=T1 & DAY AFT] DAY1 TILL HE HAS SURM\NT$ ! DIFFICULTY ( ! ATTEMPT1 & ! REBELLION ( HIS MEMB]S4 ,EV]Y >TICULATION & MUSCLE ( HIS FRAME IS CALL$ 9TO ACTION1 TILL ALL >E OB$I5T TO ! MA/]-WILL2 & HIS LIMBS >E LUBRICAT$ & R5D]$ PLIANT BY EX]CISE1 AS ! LIMBS ( ! ,GRECIAN A?LETA W]E LUBRICAT$ ) OIL4 

,?US HE ACQUIRES1 FIR/ DEXT]ITY ( MOTION1 & NEXT1 :I* IS ( NO LESS IMPORTANCE1 A CONFID5CE 9 HIS [N P[]S1 A CONSCI\SNESS ?AT HE IS ABLE TO EFFECT :AT HE PURPOSES1 A CALMNESS & S]5ITY :I* RESEMBLE ! SWEEP+ ( ! >EA1 & SCATT]+ ( ! SAW-DU/1 UPON :I* ! DANC] OR ! A?LETE IS TO EXHIBIT ) GRACE1 /R5G? & EFFECT4 

,SO MU* = ! ADVANTAGES REAP$ BY ! S*OOLBOY DUR+ HIS H\RS ( PLAY AS TO ! MATUR+ HIS BODILY P[]S1 & ! IMPROVEM5T ( ?OSE FACULTIES ( HIS M9D :I* MORE IMM$IATELY APPLY TO ! EX]CISE ( HIS BODILY P[]S4 

,BUT1 BESIDE ?IS1 IT IS 9DISP5SABLE TO ! WELL-BE+ & ADVANTAGE ( ! 9DIVIDUAL1 ?AT HE %\LD EMPLOY ! FACULTIES ( HIS M9D 9 SPONTANE\S EX]TIONS4 ,I DO NOT OBJECT1 ESPECIALLY DUR+ ! P]IOD ( NONAGE1 TO A CONSID]ABLE DEGREE ( DEP5D5CE & CONTROL4 ,BUT HIS GREATE/ ADVANCEM5T1 EV5 !N1 SEEMS TO >ISE FROM ! 9T]IOR IMPULSES ( HIS M9D4 ,! S*OOLBOY EX]CISES HIS WIT1 & 9DULGES 9 SALLIES ( ! ?9K+ PR9CIPLE4 ,?IS IS :OLESOME2 ?IS IS FRE%2 IT HAS TWICE ! QUICKNESS1 CLE>NESS & DECISION 9 IT1 ?AT >E TO BE F\ND 9 ?OSE ACTS ( ! M9D :I* >E EMPLOY$ AB\T ! LESSONS PRESCRIB$ TO HIM4 

,9 S*OOL \R Y\? >E EMPLOY$ AB\T ! ?\<TS1 ! ACTS & SUGGE/IONS ( O!R M54 ,?IS IS ALL MIMICRY1 & A SORT ( SECONDH& BUS9ESS4 ,IT RESEMBLES ! PROCE$+ ( ! FRE%-LI/$ SOLDI] AT DRILL2 HE HAS EV] HIS EYE ON HIS RI<T-H& MAN1 & DOES NOT RAISE HIS >M1 NOR ADVANCE HIS FOOT1 NOR MOVE HIS F+]1 BUT AS HE SEES ANO!R P]=M ! SAME MOTION BE=E HIM4 ,IT IS :5 ! S*OOLBOY PROCE$S TO ! PLAYGR\ND1 ?AT HE 5GAGES 9 REAL ACTION & REAL DISCUSSION4 ,IT IS !N ?AT HE IS AN ABSOLUTE HUMAN BE+ & A G5U9E 9DIVIDUAL4 

,! DEBATES ( S*OOLBOYS1 !IR DISCUSSIONS :AT !Y %ALL DO1 & H[ IT %ALL BE DONE1 >E ANTICIPATIONS ( ! SC5ES ( MATUR] LIFE4 ,!Y >E ! DAWN+S ( COMMITTEES1 & VE/RIES1 & HUNDR$-C\RTS1 & W>D-MOTES1 & FOLK-MOTES1 & P>LIAM5TS4 ,:5 BOYS CONSULT :5 & :]E !IR NEXT CRICKET-MAT* %ALL BE PLAY$1 IT MAY BE REG>D$ AS ! EMBRYO REPRES5TATION ( A CONSULT RESPECT+ A GRAVE 5T]PRISE TO BE =M$1 OR A COLONY TO BE PLANT$4 ,&1 :5 !Y 9QUIRE RESPECT+ POETRY & PROSE1 & FIGURES & TROPES1 & ! DICTATES ( TA/E1 ?IS HAPPILY PREP>ES !M = ! 9VE/IGATIONS ( PRUD5CE1 & MORALS1 & RELIGI\S PR9CIPLES1 & :AT IS SCI5CE1 & :AT IS TRU?4 

,IT IS ?US ?AT ! WIT ( MAN1 TO USE ! WORD 9 ! OLD ,SAXON S5SE1 BEG9S TO BE CULTIVAT$4 ,ONE BOY GIVES UTT]ANCE TO AN ASS]TION2 & ANO!R JO9S ISSUE ) HIM1 & RETORTS4 ,! :EELS ( ! 5G9E ( ! BRA9 >E SET 9 MOTION1 &1 )\T =CE1 P]=M !IR HEAL?FUL REVOLUTIONS4 ,! /RIPL+ FEELS HIMSELF CALL$ UPON TO EX]T HIS PRES5CE ( M9D1 & BECOMES CONSCI\S ( ! NECESSITY ( AN IMM$IATE REPLY4 ,LIKE ! UNFL$G$ BIRD1 HE SPREADS HIS W+S1 & ESSAYS !IR P[]S4 ,HE DOES NOT ANSW]1 LIKE A BOY 9 HIS CLASS1 :O TASKS HIS UND]/&+ OR NOT1 AS ! :IM ( ! MOM5T %ALL PROMPT HIM1 :]E ONE BOY HONE/LY P]=MS TO ! EXT5T ( HIS ABILITY1 & O!RS DISDA9 ! EMPIRE ASSUM$ OV] !M1 & GET (F AS *EAPLY AS !Y CAN4 ,HE IS NO LONG] UND] REVIEW1 BUT IS 5GAG$ 9 REAL ACTION4 ,! DEBATE ( ! S*OOLBOY IS ! COMBAT ( ! 9TELLECTUAL GLADIATOR1 :]E HE F5CES & P>RIES & ?RU/S ) ALL ! SKILL & JUDGM5T HE POSSESSES4 

,!RE IS ANO!R WAY 9 :I* ! S*OOLBOY EX]CISES HIS P[]S DUR+ HIS P]IODS ( LEISURE4 ,HE IS (T5 9 SOCIETY2 BUT HE IS EV] & ANON 9 SOLITUDE4 ,AT NO P]IOD ( HUMAN LIFE >E \R REV]IES SO FREE & UNTRAMMEL$1 AS AT ! P]IOD H]E SPOK5 (4 ,HE CLIMBS ! M\NTA9-CLIFF2 & P5ETRATES 9TO ! DEP?S ( ! WOODS4 ,HIS JO9TS >E WELL /RUNG2 HE IS A /RANG] TO FATIGUE4 ,HE RU%ES D[N ! PRECIPICE1 & M\NTS AGA9 ) EASE1 AS ?\< HE HAD ! W+S ( A BIRD4 ,HE RUM9ATES1 & PURSUES HIS [N TRA9S ( REFLECTION & DISCOV]Y1 0EXHAU/+ WORLDS10 AS IT APPE>S TO HIM1 0& !N IMAG9+ NEW40 ,HE HOV]S ON ! BR9K ( ! DEEPE/ PHILOSOPHY1 9QUIR+ H[ CAME ,I H]E1 & TO :AT 5D4 ,HE BECOMES A CA/LE-BUILD]1 CON/RUCT+ IMAG9>Y COLLEGES & /ATES1 & SE>*+ \T ! BUS9ESSES 9 :I* !Y >E TO BE EMPLOY$1 & ! S*EMES BY :I* !Y >E TO BE REGULAT$4 ,HE ?9KS :AT HE W\LD DO1 IF HE POSSESS$ UNCONTROLABLE /R5G?1 IF HE C\LD FLY1 IF HE C\LD MAKE HIMSELF 9VISIBLE4 ,9 ?IS TRA9 ( M9D HE CONS HIS FIR/ LESSONS ( LIB]TY & 9DEP5D5CE4 ,HE LE>NS SELF-REV]5CE1 & SAYS TO HIMSELF1 ,I ALSO AM AN >TI/1 & A MAK]4 ,HE RUFFLES HIMSELF UND] ! YOKE1 & FEELS ?AT HE SUFF]S F\L TYRANNY :5 HE IS DRIV51 & :5 BRUTE =CE IS EX]CIS$ UPON HIM1 TO COMPEL HIM TO A C]TA9 C\RSE1 OR TO *A/ISE HIS FAULTS1 IMPUT$ OR REAL4 

,SU* >E ! B5EFITS ( LEISURE TO ! S*OOLBOY3 & !Y >E NOT LESS TO MAN :5 >RIV$ AT YE>S ( DISCRETION4 ,IT IS GOOD = US TO HAVE SOME REGUL> & /AT$ OCCUPATION4 ,MAN MAY BE PRACTICALLY TOO FREE2 ?IS IS FREQU5TLY ! CASE ) ?OSE :O HAVE BE5 NURTUR$ 9 ! LAP ( OPUL5CE & LUXURY4 ,WE W]E S5T 9TO ! WORLD UND] ! CONDITION1 0,9 ! SWEAT ( ?Y BR[ %ALT ?\ EAT BREAD40 ,& ?OSE :O1 BY ! >TIFICIAL 9/ITUTIONS ( SOCIETY1 >E DIS*>G$ FROM ?IS NECESSITY1 >E PLAC$ 9 A CRITICAL & P]IL\S SITUATION4 ,!Y >E B\ND1 IF !Y W\LD CONSULT !IR [N WELL-BE+1 TO CONTRIVE = !MSELVES A FACTITI\S NECESSITY1 ?AT MAY /& !M 9 ! PLACE ( ?AT NECESSITY :I* IS IMPOS$ )\T APPEAL ON ! VA/ MAJORITY ( !IR BRE?R54 

,BUT1 IF IT IS DESIRABLE ?AT EV]Y MAN %\LD HAVE SOME REGUL> & /AT$ OCCUPATION1 SO IT IS C]TA9LY NOT LESS DESIRABLE1 ?AT EV]Y MAN %\LD HAVE HIS SEASONS ( RELAXATION & LEISURE4 

,UNHAPPY IS ! WRET*1 :OSE CONDITION IT IS TO BE P]PETUALLY B\ND TO ! O>1 & :O IS CONDEMN$ TO LABOR 9 ONE C]TA9 MODE1 DUR+ ALL ! H\RS ?AT >E NOT CLAIM$ BY SLEEP1 OR AS LONG AS ! MUSCLES ( HIS FRAME1 OR ! FIB]S ( HIS F+]S WILL 5ABLE HIM TO P]SEV]E4 0,APOLLO HIMSELF10 SAYS ! POET1 0DOES NOT ALWAYS B5D ! B[40 ,!RE %\LD BE A SEASON1 :5 ! M9D IS FREE AS AIR1 :5 NOT ONLY WE %\LD FOLL[ )\T RE/RA9T ANY TRA9 ( ?9K+ OR ACTION1 )9 ! B\NDS ( SOBRIETY1 & ?AT IS NOT ATT5D$ ) 9JURY TO O!RS1 ?AT \R [N M9DS MAY SUGGE/ TO US1 BUT %\LD SACRIFICE AT ! %R9E ( 9TELLECTUAL LIB]TY1 & SPREAD \R W+S1 & TAKE \R FLI<T 9TO UNTRI$ REGIONS4 ,IT IS GOOD = MAN ?AT HE %\LD FEEL HIMSELF AT SOME TIME UN%ACKL$ & AUTOCRATICAL1 ?AT HE %\LD SAY1 ,?IS ,I DO1 BECAUSE IT IS PRESCRIB$ TO ME BY ! CONDITIONS )\T :I* ,I CANNOT EXI/1 OR BY ! ELECTION :I* 9 PA/ TIME ,I DELIB]ATELY MADE2 & ?IS1 BECAUSE IT IS DICTAT$ BY ! PRES5T FRAME ( MY SPIRIT1 & IS !RE=E ?AT 9 :I* ! P[]S MY NATURE HAS 5TAIL$ UPON ME MAY BE MO/ FULLY MANIFE/$4 ,9 ADDITION TO :I* WE >E TO CONSID]1 ?AT A C]TA9 V>IETY & MUTATION ( EMPLOYM5TS IS BE/ ADAPT$ TO HUMANITY4 ,:5 MY M9D OR MY BODY SEEMS TO BE OV]WR\<T BY ONE SPECIES ( OCCUPATION1 ! SUB/ITUTION ( ANO!R WILL (T5 IMP>T TO ME NEW LIFE1 & MAKE ME FEEL AS FRE% AS IF NO LABOR HAD BE=E 5GAG$ ME4 ,= ALL !SE REASONS IT IS TO BE DESIR$1 ?AT WE %\LD POSSESS ! 9E/IMABLE PRIVILEGE ( LEISURE1 ?AT 9 ! REVOLV+ H\RS ( EV]Y DAY A P]IOD %\LD >RIVE1 AT :I* WE %\LD LAY D[N ! WEAPONS ( \R LABOR1 & 5GAGE 9 A SPORT ?AT MAY BE NO LESS ACTIVE & /R5U\S ?AN ! OCCUPATION :I* PREC$$ IT4 

,A QUE/ION1 :I* DES]VES \R ATT5TION 9 ?IS PLACE1 IS1 H[ MU* ( EV]Y DAY IT BEHOOVES US TO GIVE TO REGUL> & /AT$ OCCUPATION1 & H[ MU* IS ! JU/ & LEGITIMATE PROV9CE ( LEISURE4 ,IT HAS BE5 REM>K$ 9 A PREC$+ ,ESSAY#a1 ?AT1 IF MY MA9 & LEAD+ PURSUIT IS LIT]>Y COMPOSITION1 TWO OR ?REE H\RS 9 ! TW5TY-F\R WILL (T5 BE AS MU* AS CAN ADVANTAGE\SLY & EFFECTUALLY BE SO EMPLOY$4 ,BUT ?IS WILL UNAVOIDABLY V>Y ACCORD+ TO ! NATURE ( ! OCCUPATION3 ! P]IOD ABOVE NAM$ MAY BE TAK5 AS ! ,M,9,I,M,U,M4 

,SU*1 LET US SAY1 IS ! PORTION ( TIME :I* ! MAN ( LETT]S IS CALL$ ON TO DEVOTE TO LIT]>Y COMPOSITION4 

,IT MAY NEXT BE FITT+ TO 9QUIRE AS TO ! HUMBL] CLASSES ( SOCIETY1 & ?OSE P]SONS :O >E 5GAG$ 9 ! LABOR ( ! H&S1 H[ MU* TIME !Y \<T TO BE EXPECT$ TO CONSUME 9 !IR REGUL> & /AT$ OCCUPATIONS1 & H[ MU* W\LD REMA9 TO !M = RELAXATION & LEISURE4 ,IT HAS BE5 SAID#b1 ?AT HALF AN H\R 9 ! DAY GIV5 BY EV]Y MEMB] ( ! COMMUNITY TO MANUAL LABOR1 MI<T BE SUFFICI5T = SUPPLY+ ! :OLE ) ! ABSOLUTE NECESS>IES ( LIFE4 ,BUT !RE >E V>I\S CONSID]ATIONS ?AT W\LD 9EVITABLY L5G!N ?IS P]IOD4 ,9 A COMMUNITY :I* HAS MADE ANY CONSID]ABLE ADVANCE 9 ! RACE ( CIVILIZATION1 MANY 9DIVIDUALS MU/ BE EXPECT$ TO BE EXCUS$ FROM ANY PORTION ( MANUAL LABOR4 ,IT IS NOT DESIRABLE ?AT ANY COMMUNITY %\LD BE CONT5T$ TO SUPPLY ITSELF ) NECESS>IES ONLY4 ,!RE >E MANY REF9EM5TS 9 LIFE1 & MANY ADVANCES 9 LIT]ATURE & ! >TS1 :I* 9DISP5SABLY CONDUCE TO ! R5D]+ MAN 9 SOCIETY A NOBL] & MORE EXALT$ CREATURE ?AN HE C\LD O!RWISE BE2 & !SE \<T NOT TO BE CONSIGN$ TO NEGLECT4 

,ON ! O!R H& H[EV] IT IS C]TA91 ?AT MU* ( ! O/5TATION & A MULTITUDE ( ! LUXURIES :I* SUBSI/ 9 ,EUROPEAN & ,ASIATIC SOCIETY >E JU/ TOPICS ( REGRET1 & ?AT1 IF EV] ?OSE IMPROVEM5TS 9 CIVILIZATION TAKE PLACE :I* PHILOSOPHY HAS ESSAY$ TO DEL9EATE1 !RE W\LD BE A GREAT ABRIDGM5T ( ! MANUAL LABOR ?AT WE N[ SEE >\ND US1 & ! HUMBL] CLASSES ( ! COMMUNITY W\LD 5T] 9TO ! 9H]ITANCE ( A MORE CONSID]ABLE PORTION ( LEISURE ?AN AT PRES5T FALLS TO !IR LOT4 

,BUT IT HAS BE5 MU* ! HABIT1 = P]SONS NOT BELONG+ TO ! HUMBL] CLASSES ( ! COMMUNITY1 & :O PR(ESS TO SPECULATE UPON ! G5U9E 9T]E/S ( HUMAN SOCIETY1 TO SUPPOSE1 H[EV] C]TA9 9T]VALS ( LEISURE MAY CONDUCE TO ! B5EFIT ( M5 :OSE TA/ES HAVE BE5 CULTIVAT$ & REF9$1 & :O FROM $UCATION HAVE MANY RES\RCES ( LIT]ATURE & REFLECTION AT ALL TIMES AT !IR BECK1 YET ?AT LEISURE MI<T PROVE RA!R P]NICI\S ?AN O!RWISE TO ! UN$UCAT$ & ! IGNORANT4 ,LET US 9QUIRE !N H[ !SE P]SONS W\LD BE LIKELY TO EMPLOY ! REMA9D] ( !IR TIME1 IF !Y HAD A GREAT] PORTION ( LEISURE ?AN !Y AT PRES5T 5JOY4 -- ,I W\LD ADD1 ?AT ! 9DIVIDUALS ( ! HUMBL] CLASSES ( ! COMMUNITY NE$ NOT = EV] TO M]IT ! APPELLATION ( ! UN$UCAT$ & IGNORANT4 

,9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 !Y W\LD 5GAGE1 LIKE ! S*OOLBOY1 9 ACTIVE SPORTS1 !REBY GIV+ TO !IR LIMBS1 :I*1 9 RURAL OCCUPATION & ME*ANICAL LABOR1 >E SOME:AT TOO MONOTON\SLY EMPLOY$1 & CONTRACT ! /IFFNESS & EXP]I5CE ! WA/E ( A PREMATURE OLD AGE1 ! ACTIVITY & FRE$OM ( AN A?LETE1 A CRICKET]1 OR A HUNT]4 ,NOR DO !SE OCCUPATIONS ONLY CONDUCE TO ! HEAL? ( ! BODY1 !Y ALSO IMP>T A SPIRIT & A JUV5ILE E>NE/NESS TO ! M9D4 

,9 ! NEXT PLACE1 !Y MAY BE EXPECT$ TO DEVOTE A P>T ( ! DAY1 MORE ?AN !Y DO AT PRES5T1 TO !IR WIVES & FAMILIES1 CULTIVAT+ ! DOME/IC AFFECTIONS1 WAT*+ ! EXP&+ BODIES & M9DS ( !IR *ILDR51 LEAD+ !M ON 9 ! ROAD ( IMPROVEM5T1 W>N+ !M AGA9/ ! P]ILS ) :I* !Y >E SURR\ND$1 & OBS]V+ ) SOME:AT ( A MORE JEAL\S & P>5TAL C>E1 :AT IT IS = :I* BY !IR 9DIVIDUAL QUALITIES !Y >E BE/ ADAPT$1 & 9 :AT P>TICUL> WALK ( LIFE !Y MAY MO/ ADVANTAGE\SLY BE 5GAG$4 ,! FA!R & ! SON W\LD GR[ 9 A MU* GREAT] DEGREE FRI5DS1 ANTICIPAT+ EA* O!R'S WI%ES1 & SYMPA?IZ+ 9 EA* O!R'S PLEASURES & PA9S4 

,?IRDLY1 ONE 9FALLIBLE CONSEQU5CE ( A GREAT] DEGREE ( LEISURE 9 ! L[] CLASSES W\LD BE ?AT READ+ W\LD BECOME A MORE COMMON PROP5SITY & AMUSEM5T4 ,IT IS ! APHORISM ( ONE ( ! MO/ 5LI<T5$ ( MY CONTEMPOR>IES1 0,! S*OOLMA/] IS ABROAD30 & MANY MORE ?AN AT PRES5T W\LD DESIRE TO /ORE UP 9 !IR LITTLE HO>D A C]TA9 PORTION ( ! G5]AL IMPROVEM5T4 ,WE %\LD NO LONG] HAVE OCCASION TO SAY1 

,BUT KN[L$GE TO !IR EYES H] AMPLE PAGE1 

,RI* ) ! SPOILS ( TIME1 DID NE'] UNROL4 

,NOR %\LD WE BE 9CIT$ TO FE> ?AT EV] WAKEFUL ANTICIPATION ( ! ILLIB]AL1 ?AT1 BY ! TOO GREAT DIFFUSION ( ! WISDOM ( ! WISE1 WE MI<T CEASE TO HAVE A RACE ( M5 ADAPT$ TO ! ORD9>Y PURSUITS ( LIFE4 ,\R PL[M5 & >TIFIC]S1 :O OBTA9$ ! IMPROVEM5TS ( 9TELLECT ?R\< ! M$IUM ( LEISURE1 W\LD HAVE ALREADY RECEIV$ !IR DE/9ATION1 & =M$ !IR HABITS1 & W\LD BE DISPOS$ TO CONSID] ! NEW LI<TS ?AT W]E OP5$ UPON !M1 AS ! ORNAM5T ( EXI/5CE1 NOT ITS SUB/ANCE4 ,ADD TO :I*1 AS LEISURE BECAME MORE ABUNDANT1 & ! OPPORTUNITIES ( 9TELLECTUAL IMPROVEM5T 9CREAS$1 !Y W\LD HAVE LESS MOTIVE TO REP9E AT !IR LOT4 ,IT IS PR9CIPALLY :ILE KN[L$GE & 9=MATION >E NEW1 ?AT !Y >E LIKELY TO 9TOXICATE ! BRA9 ( ?OSE TO :OSE %>E !Y HAVE FALL52 &1 :5 !Y >E MADE A COMMON /OCK UPON :I* ALL M5 MAY DRAW1 S\ND ?9K+ & SOBRIETY MAY BE EXPECT$ TO BE ! G5]AL RESULT4 

,ONE ( ! SC5ES TO :I* ! LEISURE ( ! LABORI\S CLASSES IS SE5 TO 9DUCE !M TO RESORT1 IS ! PUBLIC-H\SE2 & IT IS 9F]R$ ?AT1 IF !IR LEISURE W]E GREAT]1 A GREAT] DEGREE ( DRUNK5NESS1 DISSIPATION & RIOT W\LD 9EVITABLY PREVAIL4 

,9 ANSW] TO ?IS ANTICIPATION1 ,I W\LD 9 ! FIR/ PLACE ASS]T1 ?AT ! M]ITS & DEM]ITS ( ! PUBLIC-H\SE >E V]Y UNJU/LY RAT$ BY ! FA/IDI\S AMONG ! MORE FAVOR$ ORD]S ( SOCIETY4 

,WE \<T TO CONSID] ?AT ! OPPORTUNITIES & AMUSEM5TS ( ! L[] ORD]S ( SOCIETY >E FEW4 ,!Y DO NOT FREQU5T C(FEE-H\SES2 !AT]S & PLACES ( PUBLIC EXHIBITION >E ORD9>ILY TOO EXP5SIVE = !M2 & !Y CANNOT 5GAGE 9 R\NDS ( VISIT+1 ?US CULTIVAT+ A PRIVATE & FAMILI> 9T]C\RSE ) ! FEW :OSE CONV]SATION MI<T BE MO/ CONG5IAL TO !M4 ,WE C]TA9LY BE> H>D UPON P]SONS 9 ?IS RANK ( SOCIETY1 IF WE EXPECT ?AT !Y %\LD TAKE ALL ! SEV]] LABOR1 & HAVE NO P]IODS ( UNB5D+ & AMUSEM5T4 

,BUT 9 REALITY :AT OCCURS 9 ! PUBLIC-H\SE WE >E TOO MU* 9 ! HABIT ( CALUMNIAT+4 ,IF WE W\LD VISIT ?IS SC5E1 WE %\LD F9D IT PRETTY EXT5SIVELY A !AT] ( EAG] & E>NE/ DISCUSSION4 ,IT IS H]E ?AT ! >D5T & 0UNWA%$ >TIFIC]10 & ! /URDY HUSB&MAN1 COMP>E NOTES & MEASURE WITS ) EA* O!R4 ,IT IS !IR >5A ( 9TELLECTUAL COMBAT1 ! LUDUS LIT]>IUS ( !IR UNREF9$ UNIV]SITY4 ,IT IS H]E !Y LE>N TO ?9K4 ,!IR M9DS >E AWAK5$ FROM ! SLEEP ( IGNORANCE2 & !IR ATT5TION IS TURN$ 9TO A ?\S& *ANNELS ( IMPROVEM5T4 ,!Y /UDY ! >T ( SPEAK+1 ( QUE/ION1 ALLEGATION & REJO9D]4 ,!Y FIX !IR ?\<T /EADILY ON ! /ATEM5T ?AT IS MADE1 ACKN[L$GE ITS =CE1 OR DETECT ITS 9SUFFICI5CY4 ,!Y EXAM9E ! MO/ 9T]E/+ TOPICS1 & =M OP9IONS ! RESULT ( ?AT EXAM9ATION4 ,!Y LE>N MAXIMS ( LIFE1 & BECOME POLITICIANS4 ,!Y CANVAS ! CIVIL & CRIM9AL LAWS ( !IR C\NTRY1 & LE>N ! VALUE ( POLITICAL LIB]TY4 ,!Y TALK OV] MEASURES ( /ATE1 JUDGE ( ! 9T5TIONS1 SAGACITY & S9C]ITY ( PUBLIC M51 & >E LIKELY 9 TIME TO BECOME 9 NO CONTEMPTIBLE DEGREE CAPABLE ( E/IMAT+ :AT MODES ( CONDUCT+ NATIONAL AFFAIRS1 :E!R = ! PRES]VATION ( ! RI<TS ( ALL1 OR = ! V9DICATION & ASS]TION ( JU/ICE BETWE5 MAN & MAN1 MAY BE EXPECT$ TO BE CR[N$ ) ! GREATE/ SUCCESS3 9 A WORD1 !Y ?US BECOME1 9 ! BE/ S5SE ( ! WORD1 CITIZ5S4 

,AS TO EXCESS 9 DR9K+1 ! SAME ?+ MAY BE EXPECT$ TO OCCUR H]E1 AS HAS BE5 REM>K$ ( LATE YE>S 9 BETT] COMPANY 9 ,5GL&4 ,9 PROPORTION AS ! UND]/&+ IS CULTIVAT$1 M5 >E F\ND TO BE LESS ! VICTIMS ( DR9K+ & ! GROSS] PROVOCATIVES ( S5SE4 ,! K+ ( ,P]SIA ( OLD MADE IT HIS BOA/ ?AT HE C\LD DR9K L>GE QUANTITIES ( LIQUOR ) GREAT] IMPUNITY ?AN ANY ( HIS SUBJECTS4 ,SU* WAS NOT ! CASE ) ! MORE POLI%$ ,GREEKS4 ,9 ! D>K AGES ! MO/ GL>+ 5ORMITIES ( ?AT K9D PREVAIL$4 ,UND] \R ,*>LES ! ,SECOND CO>SE DISSIPATION & RIOT *>ACT]IZ$ ! HI<E/ CIRCLES4 ,RO*E/]1 ! MO/ ACCOMPLI%$ MAN & ! GREATE/ WIT ( \R ISL&1 RELAT$ ( HIMSELF ?AT1 = FIVE YE>S TOGE!R1 HE C\LD NOT AFFIRM ?AT = ANY ONE DAY HE HAD BE5 ?OR\<LY SOB]4 ,9 ,IREL&1 A C\NTRY LESS REF9$ ?AN \R [N1 ! P]IOD IS NOT LONG PA/1 :5 ON CONVIVIAL OCCASIONS ! MA/] ( ! H\SE TOOK ! KEY FROM HIS DOOR1 ?AT NO ONE ( HIS GUE/S MI<T ESCAPE )\T HAV+ HAD HIS DOSE4 ,NO SMALL NUMB] ( ! CONTEMPOR>IES ( MY Y\? FELL PREMATURE VICTIMS TO ! 9TEMP]ANCE :I* WAS !N PRACTIC$4 ,N[ W9E IS M]ELY US$ TO EXCITE A GAY] & LIVELI] TONE ( ! SPIRITS2 & 9EBRIETY IS SC>CELY KN[N 9 ! HI<] CIRCLES4 ,9 LIKE MANN]1 IT MAY READILY BE BELIEV$ ?AT1 AS M5 9 ! L[] CLASSES ( SOCIETY BECOME LESS IGNORANT & OBTUSE1 AS !IR ?\<TS >E LESS GROSS1 AS !Y WE> (F ! VE/IGIA RURIS1 ! REMA9S ( A B>B>\S /ATE1 !Y WILL F9D LESS NE$ TO SET !IR SPIRITS AFLOAT BY ?IS ANIMAL EXCITEM5T1 & WILL DEVOTE !MSELVES TO ?OSE ?\<TS & ?AT 9T]C\RSE :I* %ALL 9SPIRE !M ) BETT] & MORE HONORABLE ?\<TS ( \R COMMON NATURE4 

,F,O,O,T,N,O,T,E,S 

#a ,SEE ABOVE1 ,ESSAY #g4 

#b,POLITICAL ,JU/ICE1 ,BOOK ,V,I,I,I1 ,*AP4 ,V,I4 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #ahc 3 ,*APT] #i -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #b#h1 #bag 3 ,*APT] #i -- ,ADD$4 

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