,?\<TS ON ,$UCATION UND] ,CAPITALISM 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS 

,TEXT 3 

,S\RCE3 0,?\<TS ON ,$UCATION UND] ,CAPITALISM0 ,COMMONWEAL1 ,VOL #d1 ,NO4 #a#b#i1 #c ,JUNE #a#h#h#h1 P4#b#d-#b#e2 
,TRANSCRIB$3 BY ,T$ ,CRAW=D4 

,! O!R DAY ,I HE>D ,MR ,*>LES ,LEL& 7BETT] KN[N AS ,HANS ,BREITMAN7 SPEAK ON ! TEA*+ ( ! 'M9OR >TS' 7WE WONT TR\BLE = ! PRES5T AS TO :AT !Y >E7 & HE TOLD US HE WAS 5GAG$ 9 C>RY+ \T A PLAN 79 ,AM]ICA7 BY :I* ALL *ILDR5 %\LD BE TAU<T !SE >TS & SO GA9 AN 9T]E/ 9 H&ICRAFTS :I* HE ?\<T1 & ,I HE>TILY AGREE ) HIM1 W\LD BE A GREAT GA9 TO ! >T & CONSEQU5TLY TO ! HAPP9ESS ( PEOPLE G5]ALLY4 ,MR ,LEL& SAID ?AT HE HAD BE5 5GAG$ 9 ?IS WORK ( $UCAT+ *ILDR5'S H&S = MANY YE>S1 & HE EXPECT$ SUCCESS TO FOLL[ HIS EF=TS1 A SUCCESS :I* W\LD MEAN1 IF IT W]E WOR? SPEAK+ (1 ?AT ! 9T]E/ 9 S\ND WORKMAN%IP COMB9$ ) BEAUTY W\LD BECOME G5]AL1 & ?AT A DEM& = SU* WORK W\LD FOLL[ & COMPEL ! MANUFACTUR]S TO GET SU* WORK TURN$ \T4 

,BUT SU* SUCCESS IS IMPOSSIBLE EV5 SUPPOS+ ?AT HUNDR$S ( P]SONS W]E FOLL[+ ,MR ,*>LES ,LEL&'S LAUDABLE EXAMPLE4 ,IT W\LD 9DE$ BE POSSIBLE 5\<1 NAY IT W\LD BE C]TA91 IF ! CAPITALI/S ! 'MANUFACTUR]S' W]E ! S]VANTS ( SOCIETY AS !Y SOMETIMES PR(ESS TO BE2 BUT :O %ALL =CE SU* A PRODIGI\S *ANGE UPON !M AS SUCCESS EV5 9 SU* A M9OR MATT] AS ?IS W\LD 9DICATE1 SO LONG AS !Y >E ! MA/]S ( SOCIETY1 :I* IS !IR REAL POSITION8 ,= ,MR ,LEL&'S S*EME MEANS1 IF IT W]E LOGICALLY C>RI$ \T1 IE41 IF IT W]E SUCCESSFUL1 ! SUB/ITUTION ( H&ICRAFT = 'MANUFACTUR+' 9 ALL ! W>ES ( :I* >T OR BEAUTY =MS A P>TY & :I* ADMIT ( BE+ DONE BY H&ICRAFT1 9 %ORT TO TAKE US BACK TO ! ,MIDDLE-,AGES AS F> AS !SE W>ES >E CONC]N$4 ,BUT IT IS CLE> ?AT ! W>ES SO PRODUC$ WILL1 IF ! LABOR ON !M IS DEC5TLY PAID1 CO/ SO MU* MORE ?AN ! MANUFACTUR$ W>ES :I* !Y >E 9T5D$ TO SUPPLANT1 ?AT ONLY RI* PEOPLE ) A :IM = >T WILL BE ABLE TO BUY !M2 !Y WILL NOT BE PRODUC$ 9 ANY GREAT QUANTITY1 & IF !RE %\LD BE A PASS+ FA%ION = !M1 ! 'MANUFACTUR]S' W\LD IMM$IATELY IMITATE !M BY MA*9]Y & 'ORGANIZ$ LABOR'1 & *EAP5 !M \T ( EXI/5CE2 OR 9DE$ IF ! :IM ( RI* PEOPLE = ! G5U9E >TICLE /ILL W5T ON1 ANO!R PROCESS ( *EAP5+ W\LD BE RESORT$ TO2 :OLESALE DEAL]S 9 SU* >TICLES W\LD EXPLOIT ! UN=TUNATE H&ICRAFTSM5 7OR WOM51 :OSE *EAP WORK W\LD C]TA9LY BE L>GELY US$ = SU* W>ES74 ,!Y W\LD TAKE ADVANTAGE ( ! COMPETITION = ! MO/ MIS]ABLE LIVELIHOOD BETWE5 PEOPLE 9 DIRE NECESSITY TO PRODUCE '*EAP >T' = ! SWELL+ ( !IR [N PURSES2 & IF ! ?+ GREW IT W\LD BE A FAVORITE =M ( EXPLOITATION1 AS IT W\LD REQUIRE LITTLE CAPITAL & LITTLE MANAG]IAL CAPACITY1 & W\LD HAVE A DA% ( PHILAN?ROPY & 'PRACTICAL REM$Y' AB\T IT1 :I* W\LD HELP TO MAKE SU* SWEAT+ AN HONORABLE AS WELL AS PLEASANT OCCUPATION4 ,*EAP >T 9DE$ -- & NA/Y6 ,BUT 9 ALL PROBABILITY ! FA%ION = SU* >TICLES W\LD BE LIMIT$ & TRANSITORY1 & ALL ?AT W\LD HAPP5 TO ! P]SONS $UCAT$ 9TO A CAPACITY = & A PLEASURE 9 REF9$ H&ICRAFT W\LD BE ?AT !Y W\LD HAVE TO BE US$ UP 9 ! M]E ME*ANICAL DRUDG]Y ( COMM]CIAL PRODUCTION4 

,BUT IT IS NOT ! MATT] ( >T ?AT ,I WI% TO ILLU/RATE BY ! M5TION ( ?IS FEEBLE ATTEMPT ( ,MR ,LEL& & O!RS 7= ! K9D ( FUTILITY IS COMMON 5\<74 ,IT IS RA!R ! RELATION ( \R CAPITALI/IC SY/EM TO G5]AL $UCATION4 ,= JU/ AS ! CAPITALI/S W\LD AT ONCE CAPTURE ?IS $UCATION 9 CRAFTSMAN%IP1 SUCK \T :AT LITTLE ADVANTAGE !RE IS 9 IT & !N ?R[ IT AWAY1 SO !Y DO ) ALL O!R $UCATION4 ,A SUP]/ITION /ILL REMA9S FROM ! TIMES :5 '$UCATION' WAS A R>ITY1 ?AT IT IS A MEANS = E>N+ A SUP]IOR LIVELIHOOD2 BUT AS SOON AS IT HAS CEAS$ TO BE A R>ITY1 COMPETITION TAKES C>E ?AT $UCATION %ALL NOT RAISE WAGES2 ?AT G5]AL $UCATION %ALL BE WOR? NO?+1 & ?AT SPECIAL $UCATION %ALL BE WOR? JU/ NO MORE ?AN A TOL]ABLE RETURN ON ! MONEY & TIME SP5T 9 ACQUIR+ IT2 &1 M9D Y\1 SU* SPECIAL $UCATION MU/ BE V]Y C>EFULLY DIRECT$ T[>DS ! ONE AIM ( COMM]CIAL SUCCESS 9 ! SPECIALTY1 OR IT WILL MISS1 & BE ?R[N 9TO ! MASS ( G5]AL $UCATION :I* E>NS NO?+4 

,AS TO ! PLEASURE TO BE D]IV$ FROM $UCATION AT PRES5T BY H>D-WORK+ M51 A BOOKI% MAN IS APT TO ?9K ?AT EV5 ! ALMI<TY CAPITALI/ CAN H>DLY TAKE ?AT AWAY FROM HIS SLAVE IF HE HAS REALLY LE>N$ TO 5JOY READ+ & TO UND]/& BOOKS1 & ?AT :ATEV] HAPP5S HE MU/ HAVE AN H\R 9 A DAY 7OR IF IT W]E ONLY HALF AN H\R7 TO 9DULGE HIMSELF 9 ?IS PLEASURE4 ,BUT !N DOES ! AV]AGE H>D-WORK+ MAN 7( ANY GRADE7 REALLY ACQUIRE ?IS CAPACITY BY MEANS ( ! %ORT P]IOD ( $UCATION :I* HE IS PA9FULLY DRAGG$ ?R\<8 ,I D\BT IT4 ,?\< EV5 \R ME*ANICAL S*OOL SY/EM CANNOT CRU% \T A NATURAL B5T T[>DS LIT]ATURE 7) ALL ! PLEASURES ( ?\<T & IMAG9ATION :I* ?AT WORD MEANS7 YET C]TA9LY ITS DULL R\ND WILL H>DLY IMPLANT SU* A TA/E 9 ANY ONE'S M9D2 & AS = ! CAPUT MORTUUM1 ! DEAD MASS ( M]E 9=MATION :I* ! WORK] COMES AWAY ) :5 HIS '$UCATION' IS OV]1 HE WILL & MU/ SOON =GET ?IS :5 HE F9DS \T ?AT IT IS ( LITTLE USE TO HIM & GIVES HIM NO PLEASURE4 

,I MU/ SAY 9 PASS+ ?AT ON ! FEW OCCASIONS ?AT ,I HAVE BE5 9SIDE A ,BO>D-S*OOL1 ,I HAVE BE5 MU* DEPRESS$ BY ! ME*ANICAL DRILL ?AT WAS TOO OBVI\SLY BE+ APPLI$ !RE TO ALL ! V>Y+ CAPACITIES & MOODS4 ,MY HE>T SANK BE=E ,MR ,M',*OAKUM*ILD & HIS ME?OD1 & ,I ?\<T H[ MU* LUCKI] ,I WAS TO HAVE BE5 BORN WELL 5\< (F TO BE S5T TO A S*OOL :]E ,I WAS TAU<T -- NO?+2 BUT LE>N$ >*AEOLOGY & ROMANCE ON ! ,WILT%IRE D[NS4 

,& !N SUPPOS+ ! WORK] TO BE REALLY $UCAT$1 TO HAVE ACQUIR$ BO? ! 9=MATION & ! TA/E = READ+ :I* ,MR ,MC,*OAKUM*ILD'S DOLE WILL ALL[ TO HIM UND] ! MO/ FAVORABLE CIRCUM/ANCES1 H[ WILL ?IS TREASURE ( KN[L$GE & SYMPA?Y ACCORD ) HIS DAILY LIFE8 ,WILL IT NOT MAKE HIS DULL TASK SEEM DULL]8 ,WILL IT NOT 9CREASE ! SUFF]+ ( ! WORK%OP OR ! FACTORY TO HIM8 ,& IF SO1 MU/ HE NOT RA!R /RIVE TO =GET ?AN /RIVE TO REMEMB]8 ,WILL NOT NATURE =CE HIM TO ?AT8 ,I CANNOT HELP ?9K+ ?AT AS A RULE IT MU/ BE SO1 UNLESS HE HAS JO9$ ! RANKS ( ! DISCONT5T$2 9 :I* CASE HE WILL GA9 SOME?+ ( PLEASURE FROM M]E BITT]NESS & RAIL+ IF HE IS NOT A ,SOCIALI/1 & H[ MU* MORE ?AN ?AT SOME ( \R READ]S KN[ WELL1 IF HE IS ONE4 

,N[ IF ,I AM TOLD ?AT ?IS IS A PRIORI REASON+1 ,I AM PREP>$ TO =TIFY IT BY MY [N OBS]VATION4 ,I HAVE (T5 BE5 TOLD BY WORK+-M5 7,SOCIALI/ & O!RS7 ?AT !Y CANNOT READ BOOKS2 >E TOO TIR$ ) ! DAY'S WORK TO DO SO1 & ! LIKE4 ,ALSO AMONG MY MIDDLE-CLASS ACQUA9TANCES1 :O BELIEVE ?AT !Y WORK H>D1 ,I MEET ) M5 :O CLE>LY DO NOT READ BOOKS1 & !RE=E1 ,I SUPPOSE1 CANNOT2 & ,I MOVE 9 EA* CASE 9 A CIRCLE ?AT HAS DECID$ LIT]>Y T5D5CIES4 ,SO ?AT O!R P]SON'S EXP]I5CES WILL1 ,I AM SURE1 LEAD !M TO CONCLUSIONS ON ?IS PO9T NOT MORE FAVORABLE ?AN M9E4 

,!N !RE IS ! 5ORM\S MASS ( PR9T$ PAP] :I* IS NOT BOOKS OR LIT]ATURE1 BUT :I* ! PUBLIC PAYS = EV]Y DAY1 S9CE ,I SUPPOSE A FACULTY ONCE ACQUIR$ PRODUCES A HABIT & MU/ BE EX]CIS$1 EV5 :5 IT IS ! ME*ANICAL ONE ( READ+ PR9T4 ,! QUALITY ( ?IS JO9T PRODUCT ( PAP]-MAK]1 COMPOSITOR1 & SUB-$ITOR1 CONFIRMS MY A PRIORI REASON+ REM>KABLY1 = NO ADV5TURE 9 ?IS K9D ( W>ES HAS ANY *ANCE ( SUCCESS IF IT HAS MORE ?AN ! M]E/ SUSPICION ( A FLAVOR ( LIT]ATURE OR ?\<TFULNESS1 AS WE HAVE (T5 BE5 TOLD :5 ! PROSPECTS ( ! ,COMMONWEAL HAVE BE5 UND] DISCUSSION4 ,I WILL NOT SAY ?AT ! WORSE A P]IODICAL IS ! BETT] *ANCE IT HAS ( SUCCESS1 BUT ?AT IF IT 9T5DS TO SUCCE$ IT MU/ APPEAL TO HABITS ?AT >E AS MU* AK9 TO ! REASONABLE AIMS ( $UCATION AS IS ! TWIDDL+ ( A BIT ( /R+ BY A FIDGETTY P]SON4 

,I BELIEVE1 9DE$1 IT IS ?\<T BY SOME ?AT ?IS HABIT ( ! CONSUMPTION ( NEWSPAP]S IS ! FIR/ /EP 9 $UCATION4 ,GOOD6 ! SECOND /EP1 ,I TAKE IT1 WILL BE ! CESSATION ( ?AT HABIT4 

,ALL ?IS BETOK5S ?AT ! 5D T[>DS :I* \R %AM ,SOCIETY DIRECTS ! MEANS1 '$UCATION' IS ! ONE 5D TO :I* ALL ITS 'SOCIAL' DEAL+S >E DIRECT$ TO1 ! SU/A9+ & EASY WORK+ ( ITS USURPATION ( TRUE ,SOCIETY4 ,PEOPLE >E '$UCAT$' TO BECOME WORKM5 OR ! EMPLOY]S ( WORKM51 OR ! HANG]S-ON ( ! EMPLOY]S1 !Y >E NOT $UCAT$ TO BECOME M54 ,) ?IS AIM 9 VIEW ! CONDITIONS UND] :I* TRUE $UCATION CAN GO ON >E IMPOSSIBLE4 ,= ! FIR/ & MO/ NECESS>Y ( !M >E LEISURE & DELIB]ATION2 & LEISURE IS A ?+ :I* ! MOD]N SLAVE-HOLD] WILL BY NO MEANS GRANT TO HIS SLAVE AS LONG AS HE GRANTS HIM RATIONS2 :5 ! LEISURE BEG9S ! RATIONS 5D4 ,CON/ANT TOIL IS ! ONLY T]MS ON :I* !Y >E TO BE HAD4 ,CAPITALISM WILL NOT ALL[ US ! LEISURE1 EI!R = $UCATION OR ! USE ( IT4 ,SLAVE LABOR & TRUE $UCATION >E IRRECONCILABLE FOES1 = ! LATT] MEANS ! CONT9U\S & DULY BALANC$ DEVELOPM5T ( \R FACULTIES1 :E!R 9 ! S*OOL1 ! WORK%OP1 OR ! FIELD1 & H[ CAN ?AT CO-EXI/ ) ! CONT9U\S1 HOPELESS1 ME*ANICAL DRUDG]Y ( ! MAN :O :ATEV] HE PRODUCES WILL HAVE ALL TAK5 FROM HIM ?AT EXCE$S A B>E SUBSI/5CE4 

,9 %ORT1 \R PRES5T $UCATION \TSIDE ITS USES TO \R 5EMIES1 ! MA/]S ( ,SOCIETY1 IS GOOD = ONE ?+1 ! CREATION ( DISCONT5T4 ,I D\BT IT WILL S]VE US 9 NO O!R WAY4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #b#c1 #bba 3 ,?\<TS ON ,$UCATION UND] ,CAPITALISM -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #h1 #bbb 3 ,?\<TS ON ,$UCATION UND] ,CAPITALISM -- ,UPDAT$4 

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