,?OMAS ,DREW VS4 ,JOHN ,M4 ,CL>K3 ,>GUM5T ,= ,PETITION] 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,LYS&] ,SPOON] 

,TAGS 3 H\SE ( REPRES5TATIVES1 P>TIES & P]SONS1 RI<T TO COMPEL1 VIOLATION ( LAW1 P[] TO COMPEL1 JO9T SPECIAL COMMITTEE1 *>GES ( CORRUPTION1 CORRUPTION AGA9/ CORPORATIONS1 H\SE OR S5ATE1 RELIGI\S & POLITICAL4 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,MAURE5 ,B>L91,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C-,N,D ,LIC5SE ,?,O,M,A,S ,D,R,E,W VS4 ,J,O,H,N ,M4 ,C,L,>,K4 

,>,G,U,M,5,T ,= ,P,E,T,I,T,I,O,N,]4 

,LYS&] ,SPOON] 

,! ALLEG$ CONTEMPT = :I* ! PETITION] WAS CONDEMN$ CONSI/$ 9 HIS REFUSAL TO BE SWORN BE=E A COMMITTEE ( ! LEGISLATURE2 NOT 9 HIS REFUSAL TO ANSW] QUE/IONS AFT] HE HAD BE5 SWORN1 BUT 9 HIS REFUSAL TO BE SWORN4 

,HIS OBJECTION TO BE+ SWORN DID NOT >ISE FROM ANY CONSCI5TI\S SCRUPLES AS TO TAK+ AN OA?2 NOR FROM ANY FE> ( CRIM9AT+ HIMSELF2 NOR FROM ANY OBJECTION :ATEV] TO TE/IFY+ BE=E A COMMITTEE ( ! LEGISLATURE2 NOR FROM ANY OBJECTION TO TE/IFY+ 9 REG>D TO ANY SUBJECT-MATT] :ATEV] :I* ! LEGISLATURE HAS AU?ORITY TO 9VE/IGATE BY COMPULSORY TE/IMONY4 ,HE CONC$ES FULLY ?AT1 IF ANYBODY C\LD BE COMPELL$ TO BE SWORN 9 ?IS CASE1 HE C\LD BE4 ,NOR DOES HE N[ SEEK TO DRAW 9 QUE/ION ! RI<T ( ! LEGISLATURE TO 9VE/IGATE ANY SUBJECT !Y PLEASE1 BY M]ELY VOLUNT>Y TE/IMONY4 ,HE ONLY QUE/IONS ! EXT5T ( !IR P[] TO 9VE/IGATE BY COMPULSORY TE/IMONY4 

,HIS :OLE OBJECTION TO BE+ SWORN1 9 ! PRES5T CASE1 RE/$ SIMPLY UPON ! FACT ?AT IT DID NOT APPE> FROM ANY PAP]S FURNI%$ TO HIM1 NOR FROM ANY AU?ORITY OR 9=MATION LEGALLY 9 HIS POSSESSION1 ?AT ! SUBJECT-MATT] ( ! 9VE/IGATION WAS ONE :I* ! LEGISLATURE HAD AU?ORITY TO 9VE/IGATE BY COMPULSORY TE/IMONY4 

,WE SUPPOSE ! RULE IS IMP]ATIVE EV]Y:]E1 9 ! JUDICIAL TRIBUNALS AS WELL AS BE=E COMMITTEES ( ! LEGISLATURE1 ?AT1 BE=E A P]SON CAN BE REQUIR$ TO BE SWORN1 HE IS 5TITL$1 IF HE DESIRES IT1 TO BE 9=M$ ( ! SUBJECT-MATT] 9 REG>D TO :I* HE IS TO TE/IFY1 9 ORD] ?AT HE MAY JUDGE :E!R HE CAN TAKE ! OA? ) A CONSCI5TI\S 9T5TION TO FULFILL IT4 ,WE SUPPOSE ?AT NO ONE CAN BE REQUIR$ TO SWE> BL9DLY2 ?AT IS1 ?AT NO ONE CAN BE REQUIR$ TO SWE> TO TE/IFY1 )\T KN[+ :AT HE IS TO TE/IFY AB\T4 ,SU* A REQUIREM5T & SU* AN OA? W\LD BE ABSURD AS WELL AS IMMORAL1 BECAUSE !Y W\LD 9VOLVE ! TAK+ ( AN OA? :I* HE NOT ONLY MI<T NOT CONSCI5TI\SLY 9T5D TO FULFILL1 BUT :I* HE EV5 C\LD NOT CONSCI5TI\SLY FULFILL4 

,IF1 !N1 A P]SON HAS A RI<T1 BE=E HE IS SWORN1 TO KN[ ! SUBJECT-MATT] 9 REG>D TO :I* HE IS TO TE/IFY1 HE HAS ! FUR!R RI<T TO JUDGE1 AT HIS P]IL ( C\RSE1 :E!R ?AT SUBJECT-MATT] BE ONE 9 REG>D TO :I* HE CAN LAWFULLY BE COMPELL$ TO TE/IFY4 ,IF ! SUBJECT-MATT] BE ONE 9 REG>D TO :I* HE MAY LAWFULLY BE COMPELL$ TO TE/IFY1 & HE REFUSES TO BE SWORN1 HE MU/ TAKE ! CONSEQU5CES4 ,BUT1 IF ! SUBJECT-MATT] BE ONE 9 REG>D TO :I* HE C\LD NOT LAWFULLY BE COMPELL$ TO TE/IFY1 HE /&S JU/IFI$ 9 HIS REFUSAL EV5 TO BE SWORN4 ,HE CANNOT BE REQUIR$ TO TAKE AN OA? :I* HE WILL BE UND] NO OBLIGATION TO FULFILL AFT] HE HAS TAK5 IT4 ,HE CANNOT BE REQUIR$ TO SWE> ?AT HE WILL TE/IFY1 EI!R FULLY OR P>TIALLY1 9 REG>D TO A P>TICUL> SUBJECT-MATT]1 :5 HE CANNOT LAWFULLY BE REQUIR$ TO TE/IFY TO ANY?+ AT ALL 9 REG>D TO IT4 

,IF1 = EXAMPLE1 A MAN CANNOT LAWFULLY BE REQUIR$ TO GIVE ! LEGISLATURE ANY 9=MATION AT ALL AS TO :AT HE & HIS FAMILY USUALLY EAT AT BREAKFA/1 D9N] & SUPP]1 HE CANNOT LAWFULLY BE REQUIR$ TO SWE> ?AT HE WILL GIVE !M ANY SU* 9=MATION4 ,IT W\LD BE MANIFE/LY ABSURD & IMMORAL = !M TO REQUIRE HIM TO SWE>1 & = HIM TO SWE>1 ?AT HE W\LD GIVE !M ANY SU* 9=MATION AT ALL ON ?IS SUBJECT1 :5 !Y C\LD NOT AFT]W>DS LAWFULLY REQUIRE HIM TO FULFILL HIS OA?1 & :5 HE HAD NO 9T5TION ( FULFILL+ IT4 

,TO REQUIRE HIM TO BE SWORN 9 SU* A CASE IS EQUIVAL5T TO REQUIR+ HIM TO SWE> FALSELY4 

,! GR\ND TAK5 BY ! ,S5ATE1 AS ALL !IR PROCE$+S %[1 IS1 ?AT1 9 ! CASE JU/ SUPPOS$1 HE C\LD LAWFULLY BE REQUIR$ TO TAKE ! OA? ?AT HE W\LD GIVE !M ?IS 9=MATION 9 REG>D TO BREAKFA/1 D9N] & SUPP]1 EV5 ?\< HE C\LD NOT AFT]W>DS BE REQUIR$ TO GIVE IT4 

,! POSITION ( ! ,S5ATE IS REALLY ?IS1-?AT !Y HAVE A RI<T TO COMPEL A MAN TO TAKE AS MANY OA?S AS !Y CAN 9V5T & PROP\ND TO HIM1 EV5 ?\< !Y HAVE NOT ! RI<T TO COMPEL HIM TO FULFILL ONE ( !M4 

,! ,S5ATE ABSURDLY REQUIRE ?AT A MAN %ALL FIR/ SURR5D] HIS CONSCI5CE :OLLY 9TO !IR KEEP+1 SO F> AS TO TAKE ALL ! OA?S !Y MAY PR(F] HIM4 ,:5 HE HAS DONE ?AT1-:5 HE HAS ACKN[L$G$ !IR AU?ORITY OV] HIS CONSCI5CE TO ! EXT5T ( MAK+ HIM TAKE ! OA?1-!Y MAY !N P]HAPS FROM *OICE1 OR !Y MAY BE COMPELL$ BY LAW1 TO GIVE BACK TO HIM HIS CONSCI5CE1 & SAY TO HIM1 0,Y\ MAY N[ DO AS Y\ PLEASE AB\T FULFILL+ !SE OA?S4 ,! LAW DOES NOT REQUIRE Y\ TO FULFILL !M2 BUT IT DID REQUIRE Y\ TO TAKE !M40 

,PLAC$ 9 ! BE/ POSSIBLE LI<T1 ! POSITION ( ! ,S5ATE IS ?IS1-?AT !Y WILL COMPEL HIM TO BE SWORN1 :ILE !Y :OLLY IGNORE & PO/PONE ! QUE/ION :E!R HE WILL BE UND] ANY OBLIGATION TO TE/IFY AFT] HE HAS BE5 SWORN4 

,! POSITION ( ! PRISON]1 ON ! O!R H&1 IS ?IS1-?AT 9ASMU* AS ! SUBJECT-MATT] IS1 ON ! FACE ( IT1 ONE 9 REG>D TO :I* HE CANNOT LAWFULLY BE REQUIR$ TO GIVE ANY TE/IMONY AT ALL1 HE CANNOT LAWFULLY BE REQUIR$ TO SWE> ?AT HE WILL GIVE ANY4 

,?IS CASE MAY BE ILLU/RAT$ BY ANO!R4 ,SUPPOSE A MAN W]E REQUIR$ TO BE SWORN TO GIVE TE/IMONY 9 A TRIAL ( HIS WIFE = MURD]2 & HE %\LD OBJECT ?AT HIS BE+ SWORN C\LD BE ( NO AVAIL1 9ASMU* AS HE C\LD NOT BE REQUIR$ TO TE/IFY AFT] HE HAD SO SWORN4 ,MU/ NOT ! C\RT1 BE=E 9SI/+ ?AT HE BE SWORN1 DECIDE :E!R HE C\LD BE REQUIR$ TO TE/IFY AFT] HE HAS BE5 SWORN8 ,&1 IF !Y DECIDE ?AT HE C\LD NOT BE REQUIR$ TO TE/IFY1 MU/ !Y NOT !N EXCUSE HIM FROM BE+ SWORN8 ,CLE>LY SO4 

,! :OLE OBJECT ( ! LAW1 9 REQUIR+ ! OA?1 IS TO GET TRUE & LAWFUL TE/IMONY4 ,IF ! LAW DOES NOT REQUIRE ! TE/IMONY1 IT W\LD BE ABSURD TO SAY ?AT IT REQUIR$ ! OA?4 

,:]E ! LAW DOES NOT REQUIRE A MAN TO GIVE HIS TE/IMONY1 IT IS M]E S5SELESS1 USELESS1 BRUTAL TYRANNY TO REQUIRE HIM TO BE SWORN4 

,IT IS JU/ AS EASY = ANY TRIBUNAL TO DECIDE1 BE=E A MAN IS SWORN1 :E!R HE CAN BE REQUIR$ TO TE/IFY1 AS IT IS TO DECIDE IT AFT]W>DS4 

,SUPPOSE A JUDICIAL C\RT %\LD SUMMONS A MAN BE=E !M AS A WITNESS1 & !N1 9/EAD ( REQUIR+ HIM TO SWE> ?AT HE WILL TE/IFY TO ALL HE KN[S 9 ! CASE ( ,JOHN ,DOE VS4 ,RI*>D ,ROE1 OR ! CASE ( ! ,COMMONWEAL? VS4 ,JOHN ,SMI?1 %\LD REQUIRE HIM TO SWE> ?AT HE WILL TE/IFY TO ALL HE KN[S AB\T ! ,*9ESE ,EMBASSY1 ! APPROA*+ ,ECUM5ICAL ,C\NCIL1 ! ,ALABAMA CLAIMS1 ! REVOLUTION 9 ,SPA91 ! W> 9 ,CRETE1 ! REBELLION 9 ,CUBA1 ! LATE ]UPTION ( ,VESUVIUS1 ! LATE E>?QUAKES 9 ,S\? ,AM]ICA1 & ! W> 9 ,JAPAN2 & SUPPOSE HE %\LD OBJECT ?AT ! C\RT HAD NO JURISDICTION ( ?OSE MATT]S1 & !RE=E C\LD NOT REQUIRE HIM TO TE/IFY TO ANY?+ AT ALL 9 REG>D TO !M1-W\LD IT BE ! RI<T ( ! C\RT TO SAY3 0,WE N[ REQUIRE Y\ ONLY TO SWE> ?AT Y\ WILL TE/IFY ON !SE SUBJECTS2 AFT] Y\ %ALL HAVE DONE ?AT1 WE WILL CONSID] & DECIDE :E!R WE HAVE ! FUR!R RI<T TO COMPEL Y\ TO FULFILL Y\R OA?80 ,CLE>LY ! C\RT MU/ FIR/ DECIDE :E!R HE CAN BE REQUIR$ TO TE/IFY ON ?OSE SUBJECTS2 & IF HE CANNOT BE REQUIR$ TO TE/IFY1 HE CANNOT BE REQUIR$ TO SWE> ?AT HE WILL4 

,WE HOLD1 !N1 ! FOLL[+ PROPOSITIONS TO BE DEMON/RAT$1 VIZ43- 

#a4 ,?AT ! LAW CAN1 9 NO CASE :ATEV]1 REQUIRE A MAN TO BE SWORN UNTIL HE IS LEGALLY 9=M$ ( ! SUBJECT-MATT] 9 REG>D TO :I* HE IS TO BE SWORN4 

#b4 ,?AT A MAN CANNOT LAWFULLY BE REQUIR$ TO TAKE ANY OA? ?AT HE CANNOT LAWFULLY BE REQUIR$ TO FULFILL4 

#c4 ,?AT A MAN CANNOT LAWFULLY BE COMPELL$ TO BE SWORN BE=E ANY TRIBUNAL ?AT HAS NO LAWFUL AU?ORITY TO 9VE/IGATE1 BY COMPULSORY TE/IMONY1 ! P>TICUL> SUBJECT-MATT] 9 REG>D TO :I* HE IS TO BE SWORN4 

,FROM ! PREC$+ PROPOSITIONS IT NECESS>ILY FOLL[S1 ?AT1 BE=E ANY P]SON CAN BE COMPELL$ TO BE SWORN BE=E A COMMITTEE ( ! LEGISLATURE1 HE MU/ HAVE LEGAL NOTICE ?AT ! SUBJECT-MATT]1 9 REG>D TO :I* HE IS TO BE SWORN1 IS ONE :I* ! LEGISLATURE HAS A RI<T TO 9VE/IGATE BY MEANS ( COMPULSORY TE/IMONY2 ?AT IT IS NOT COMPET5T = ! LEGISLATURE TO COMPEL A P]SON TO BE SWORN 9 A CASE 9 :I* !Y W\LD HAVE NO AU?ORITY TO REQUIRE HIM TO TE/IFY AFT] HE WAS SWORN4 

,9 ?IS CASE1 ! PRISON] CLAIMS ?AT HE HAD NO LEGAL 9=MATION ?AT ! SUBJECT-MATT]1 9 REG>D TO :I* HE WAS REQUIR$ TO TE/IFY WAS ONE :I* ! LEGISLATURE HAD ANY AU?ORITY TO 9VE/IGATE BY COMPULSORY TE/IMONY4 ,! ONLY LEGAL 9=MATION HE HAD ON ?IS PO9T WAS A C]TIFI$ COPY ( ! FOLL[+ ,ORD] & SUMMONS1 TO WIT3- 

,C,O,M,M,O,N,W,E,A,L,? ,( ,M,A,S,S,A,*,U,S,E,T,T,S4 

,9 ,S5ATE1 ,FEBRU>Y #b#c1 #a#h#f#i4 

,ORD]$1 ,?AT ! ,JO9T ,SPECIAL ,COMMITTEE TO 9QUIRE 9TO *>GES ( CORRUPTION AGA9/ CORPORATIONS1 P>TIES & P]SONS1 BE AU?ORIZ$ TO S5D = P]SONS & PAP]S4 

,S5T D[N = CONCURR5CE4 

,S4 ,N4 ,GIF=D1 ,CL]K4   

,H\SE ( ,REPRES5TATIVES1 ,FEBRU>Y #b#d1 #a#h#f#i4 

,CONCURR$4 

,W4 ,S4 ,ROB9SON1 ,CL]K4 

,/ATE ,H\SE1 ,BO/ON1 ,APRIL #g1 #a#h#f#i4 

,TO ,?OMAS ,DREW1 ( ,NEWTON1 9 ! ,C\NTY ( ,MIDDLESEX3- 

,PURSUANT TO ! ABOVE ,ORD] Y\ >E REQUIR$ TO APPE> BE=E ! COMMITTEE !RE9 M5TION$1 AT ! ,/ATE ,H\SE 9 ,BO/ON1 ON ,W$NESDAY1 ! F\RTE5? DAY ( ,APRIL CURR5T1 AT N9E O'CLOCK1 ,A4 ,M41 !N & !RE TO GIVE EVID5CE ( :AT Y\ KN[ RELAT+ TO ! SUBJECT-MATT] ( SAID 9VE/IGATION1 & ALSO HAVE ) Y\ SU* PAP]S1 WRIT+S & DOCUM5TS1 RELAT+ !RETO1 AS MAY BE 9 Y\R POSSESSION4 

,BY ORD] ( ! ,COMMITTEE1 

,DANIEL ,NE$HAM1,*AIRMAN4 

,A TRUE COPY4 

,ATTE/3 

,JOHN ,MORISSEY1,S]GEANT-AT-,>MS4 

,! PETITION] CLAIMS ?AT ?IS ,ORD]1 ON ! FACE ( IT1 DISCLOSES NO CASE :I* ! LEGISLATURE HAS A RI<T TO 9VE/IGATE BY COMPULSORY TE/IMONY4 

,IT CLE>LY %[S NO CASE ?AT IS )9 ! JUDICIAL P[] ( ! LEGISLATURE OR ( EI!R BRAN* ( IT1-?AT IS TO SAY1 IT IS NOT A SUMMONS TO TE/IFY 9 ANY CASE :]E ! ELECTION OR QUALIFICATIONS ( A MEMB] ( ! ,H\SE OR ,S5ATE IS TO BE SETTL$2 IT IS NOT A SUMMONS TO TE/IFY 9 ANY CASE ( IMPEA*M5T2 IT IS NOT A SUMMONS TO TE/IFY 9 ANY CASE ( ! EXPULSION OR PUNI%M5T ( A MEMB] ( ! ,H\SE OR ,S5ATE2 IT IS NOT A SUMMONS TO TE/IFY 9 ANY CASE ( ALLEG$ CONTEMPT ?AT HAD PREVI\SLY >IS51 & :I* IT WAS )9 ! JUDICIAL P[] ( ! ,H\SE OR ,S5ATE TO TRY & PUNI% BY VIRTUE ( ! CON/ITUTION1 P>T SECOND1 *APT] #a1 SECTION #c1 >TICLES #a & #a#a1 :I* >E GIV5 9 ! NOTE4"9 

,FUR!RMORE1 ?IS ,ORD] IS NOT A SUMMONS TO TE/IFY 9 REG>D TO ANY MATT]S OR ACTS DONE 9 ANY ,/ATE (FICE OR 9/ITUTION1 AS = EXAMPLE1 ! (FICES ( ! ,SECRET>Y1 ,TREASUR] OR ,AUDITOR1 OR ! ,/ATE ,PRISON1 ! PUBLIC JAILS1 ! LUNATIC ASYLUM1 ! ,/ATE ALMS-H\SES1 ! ,RE=M ,S*OOL1 OR ANY O!R PUBLIC 9/ITUTION :I* IS UND] ! IMM$IATE CONTROL ( ! LEGISLATURE4 

,! ONLY REMA9+ QUE/ION1 !N1 ?AT CAN >ISE AS TO ! LEGALITY ( ?IS ,ORD]1 IS1 :E!R ! LEGISLATURE HAS P[]1 BY MEANS ( COMPULSORY TE/IMONY1 0TO 9QUIRE 9TO *>GES ( CORRUPTION AGA9/ CORPORATIONS1 P>TIES & P]SONS40 

,! PETITION] SAYS ?AT !SE WORDS UTT]LY FAIL TO PRES5T ANY CASE1 9 REG>D TO :I* ! LEGISLATURE CAN COMPEL ANYONE TO TE/IFY1 EI!R BE=E ! LEGISLATURE ITSELF1 OR ANY ( ITS COMMITTEES4 

,! WORDS C]TA9LY CANNOT BE SAID TO PRES5T ANY CRIM9AL CASE ON ! P>T ( EI!R 0CORPORATIONS1 P>TIES OR P]SONS20 =1 IF BY ! WORD 0CORRUPTION0 WAS MEANT LEGAL CRIM9ALITY1 IT IS CLE> ?AT ! CASE-NOT BE+ )9 ! SPECIAL JUDICIAL P[] GIV5 TO ! LEGISLATURE1 OR EI!R BRAN* ( IT-C\LD NOT LAWFULLY BE 09QUIR$ 9TO0 BY ! LEGISLATURE1 BY MEANS ( COMPULSORY TE/IMONY1 BUT MU/ GO BE=E ! REGUL> JUDICIAL TRIBUNALS3 & IT HAS ! RI<T TO GO !RE UNEMB>RASS$ & UNPREJUDIC$ BY ANY 9VE/IGATIONS OR DISCLOSURES ON ! P>T ( ! LEGISLATURE4 

,IF1 !N1 IT MU/ BE ADMITT$ ?AT ! WORD 0CORRUPTION10 AS US$ 9 ?IS ,ORD]1 DOES NOT MEAN ANY LEGAL CRIM9ALITY1 IT MU/ BE CONC$$ TO MEAN ONLY SOME ONE OR MORE O!R K9DS ( 0CORRUPTION10 AS = EXAMPLE1 MORAL1 RELIGI\S1 POLITICAL1 OR EV5 PHYSICAL 0CORRUPTION40 ,& 9ASMU* AS IT DESIGNATES NO ONE K9D ( 0CORRUPTION10 & DESIGNATES NO P>TICUL> 0CORPORATIONS1 P>TIES OR P]SONS0 ?AT >E SUSPECT$ ( IT1 ! ,ORD] IS1 ON ! FACE ( IT1 A M]E WILD1 ROV+ COMMISSION TO SE>* = ANY?+ & EV]Y?+1 PHYSICAL1 MORAL1 RELIGI\S & POLITICAL1 :I* ! COMMITTEE MAY SEE FIT TO DESIGNATE BY ! T]M 0CORRUPTION10 ON ! P>T ( ANY & ALL 0CORPORATIONS10 SU* AS COLLEGES1 ACADEMIES & *UR*ES1 AS WELL AS RAILROAD1 BANK+1 9SURANCE1 MANUFACTUR+ & M9+ 0CORPORATIONS10 & ALSO ON ! P>T ( ANY & ALL 0P>TIES & P]SONS10 M51 WOM5 & *ILDR51 )9 ! LIMITS ( ! ,COMMONWEAL?4 

,UND] ?IS COMMISSION1 FULL 9QUISITION1 OP5 OR SECRET1 C\LD BE MADE 9TO ! PHYSICAL CLEANL9ESS OR FIL?9ESS1 ! MORAL PURITY OR IMPURITY1 ! RELIGI\S S9C]ITY OR HYPOCRISY1 & ! RELIGI\S & POLITICAL OR?ODOXY & HET]ODOXY1 ( EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL1 & EV]Y ASSOCIATION ( 9DIVIDUALS1 9 ! ,COMMONWEAL?4 

,NO N>R[] LIMITS ?AN !SE CAN BE ASSIGN$ TO ! 9VE/IGATIONS ( ! ,COMMITTEE1 IF !Y CAN ACT UND] ! ,ORD] AT ALL4 ,DON ,QUIXOTE HIMSELF1 9 ! HEI<T ( HIS FOLLY1 NEV] CONCEIV$ ( AN 5T]PRISE SO ABSURD & RIDICUL\S AS ?IS 9UGURAT$ BY ! LEGISLATURE ( ,MASSA*USETTS1 IF WE >E TO TAKE ?IS ,ORD] AS ! EXPON5T ( !IR 9T5TIONS4 

,:E!R ! LEGISLATURE CAN C>RY ON ?IS ILLIMITABLE 9QUIRY1 BY MEANS ( M]ELY VOLUNT>Y TE/IMONY1 ! PETITION] IS NOT N[ CONC]N$ TO 9QUIRE4 ,BUT ?AT !Y CAN C>RY IT ON BY MEANS ( COMPULSORY TE/IMONY1 HE D5IES4 ,! ,S5ATE1 ON ! O!R H&1 9SI/S ?AT ! LEGISLATURE CAN NOT ONLY MAKE SU* 9QUIRY1 BUT ALSO ?AT !Y CAN EV5 COMPEL TE/IMONY = ?AT PURPOSE4 ,& ?AT IS ! ISSUE ?AT HAS BE5 MADE UP BETWE5 ! PETITION] & ! ,S5ATE1 & IS N[ BE=E ?IS C\RT4 

,! CON/ITUTION 7,P>T ,I,I4 ,*AP4 #a1 ,SECT4 #a1 ,>T4 #d17 CONTA9S !SE WORDS3- 

0,&1 FUR!R1 FULL P[] & AU?ORITY >E H]EBY GIV5 & GRANT$ TO ! SAID ,G5]AL ,C\RT1 FROM TIME TO TIME1 TO MAKE1 ORDA9 & E/ABLI%1 ALL MANN] ( :OLESOME & REASONABLE ORD]S1 LAWS1 /ATUTES & ORD9ANCES1 DIRECTIONS & 9/RUCTIONS1 EI!R ) P5ALTIES OR )\T2 SO AS ! SAME BE NOT REPUGNANT OR CONTR>Y TO ?IS ,CON/ITUTION1 AS !Y %ALL JUDGE TO BE = ! GOOD & WELF>E ( ?IS ,COMMONWEAL?1 & = ! GOV]N+ & ORD]+ !RE(1 & ( ! SUBJECTS ( ! SAME1 & = ! NECESS>Y SUPPORT & DEF5SE ( ! GOV]NM5T !RE(10 ETC41 ETC4 

,?IS LEGISLATIVE P[] W\LD SEEM TO BE AS AMPLE AS ANY REASONABLE BODY ( LEGISLATORS C\LD DESIRE4 ,AT ANY RATE1 IT IS ! UTMO/ ?AT ! PEOPLE ( ,MASSA*USETTS HAVE SE5 FIT TO GIVE TO !IR LEGISLATURE2 & IF ! LEGISLATURE DESIRE MORE P[]1 !Y MU/ ASK ! PEOPLE TO GIVE !M MORE1 BY AN AM5DM5T TO ! CON/ITUTION1 9/EAD ( USURP+ IT !MSELVES4 

,! CON/ITUTION1 HAV+ GIV5 ?IS LIB]AL P[] TO ! LEGISLATURE 9 ! MAK+ ( LAWS1 HAS BE5 EXPLICIT 9 DECL>+ ?AT ! 5=CEM5T ( !SE LAWS UPON ! PEOPLE1 & ALL QUE/IONS AS TO :E!R !SE LAWS HAVE BE5 VIOLAT$ BY ! PEOPLE1 %ALL BE DET]M9$ BY ! JUDICIAL TRIBUNALS ALONE1 7EXCEPT 9 ! FEW CASES :]E SPECIAL JUDICIAL P[] IS GIV5 TO ! LEGISLATURE1 GOV]NOR & C\NCIL47 

,& ! PETITION] 9SI/S ?AT ALL ?AT ! CON/ITUTION REQUIRES ( ! PEOPLE IS1 ?AT !Y %ALL OBEY !SE LAWS1 AS 9T]PRET$1 SANCTION$ & 5=C$ BY ! JUDICI>Y4 

,BUT IF1 9 ADDITION TO ALL ?IS P[] ( MAK+ LAWS1 & REQUIR+ OB$I5CE TO !M ON ! P>T ( ! PEOPLE1 ! LEGISLATURE CAN 9/ITUTE 9QUISITIONS1 EI!R OP51 OR 7AS 9 ?IS CASE7 SECRET1 9TO ! MORAL & RELIGI\S *>ACT]1 EI!R ( ! PEOPLE G5]ALLY1 OR ( P>TICUL> 9DIVIDUALS1 & CAN COMPEL P]SONS TO COME BE=E !SE 9QUISITORIAL BODIES1 & TELL EV]Y?+ !Y MAY KN[ ( !IR NEI<BORS & FELL[-CITIZ5S1 :I* CAN BE CLASS$ UND] SO 9DEF9ITE & COMPREH5SIVE A T]M AS 0CORRUPTION10 ! SAME TO BE REPORT$ & SPREAD ABROAD1 UND] ! SANCTION ( ! LEGISLATURE1 TO DAMAGE ! 9T]E/S1 BLACK5 ! REPUTATIONS & DE/ROY ! HAPP9ESS ( P]SONS *>G$ ) NO VIOLATION ( LAW1 \R GOV]NM5T IS A ?OR\<LY 9FAM\S & DETE/ABLE ONE1-SU* AN ONE AS NO PEOPLE C\LD EV] REASONABLY BE PRESUM$ TO HAVE CONS5T$ TO1 & SU* AS NO PEOPLE \<T TO TOL]ATE = A MOM5T4 

,SU* A P[] ON ! P>T ( ! LEGISLATURE W\LD BE AMPLE TO OP5 ! FLOODGATES ( DETRACTION & SL&] UPON ANY & ALL :OM ! SUSPICION1 PREJUDICE1 5VY OR MALICE ( MEMB]S ( ! LEGISLATURE1 OR ( ?OSE ( :OM !Y W]E ! TOOLS1 MI<T SEEK TO DE/ROY4 ,& ALL ?IS C\LD BE DONE UND] ! PROTECTION ( !IR LEGISLATIVE PRIVILEGES4 ,BO? WITNESSES & LEGISLATORS W\LD BE UND] ?IS PROTECTION1 & CONSEQU5TLY FREE ( ALL LIABILITY TO ANSW] BE=E ! JUDICIAL TRIBUNALS = !IR CRIMES4 

,IF SU* REALLY BE ! P[]S ( \R LEGISLATURE1 IT IS C]TA91 ?\< NOT REM>KABLE1 ?AT WE HAVE NEV]1 UNTIL N[1 HAD A LEGISLATURE ?AT SAW FIT TO EX]CISE1 OR EV5 TO ASS]T1 !SE 9FAM\S P[]S ) :I* !Y W]E 5TRU/$4 ,?AT !SE P[]S %\LD N[ BE ASS]T$ & 9SI/$ ON1 TO ! EXT5T ( S5D+ A MAN TO PRISON = REFUS+ TO BECOME A TOOL ( ! LEGISLATURE 9 ?IS BEHALF1 IS1 ?ANK ,GOD1 A PH5OM5ON AS R>E AS IT IS DISGU/+4 

,! PETITION]1 !N1 HOLDS IT CLE> ?AT ! LEGISLATURE HAVE NO P[]1 AT LEA/ BY MEANS ( COMPULSORY TE/IMONY1 TO 9/ITUTE ANY G5]AL 9QUISITION1 EI!R OP5 OR SECRET1 9TO ! PHYSICAL1 MORAL1 RELIGI\S & POLITICAL PURITY OR 0CORRUPTION0 ( ! PEOPLE AT L>GE 9 ?IS ,COMMONWEAL?4 

,! ONLY REMA9+ QUE/ION IS1 :E!R !Y HAVE ?IS RI<T 9 REG>D TO 0CORPORATIONS40 

,ON ?IS PO9T ! PETITION] HAS ONLY ?IS TO SAY1 VIZ43- 

#a4 ,?AT A 0CORPORATION0 IS NOT A CREATURE ( ! LEGISLATURE1 9 ANY SU* S5SE AS W\LD GIVE ! LEGISLATURE ANY JUDICIAL P[] OV] IT4 ,! LEGISLATURE CANNOT POSSIBLY GET JUDICIAL P[] OV] IT BY ANY B>GA9 OR CONTRACT = ?AT PURPOSE 9CORPORAT$ 9 ITS *>T]4 ,IF IT C\LD GET ?IS P[] BY A B>GA9 ) A NUMB] ( 9DIVIDUALS1 GRANT+ !M PRIVILEGES ON ?AT CONDITION1 IT C\LD GET IT OV] S+LE 9DIVIDUALS BY ! SAME MEANS4 ,IT C\LD GET IT OV] EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL TO :OM !Y C\LD (F] SUFFICI5T 9DUCEM5TS4 ,& ?US ! JUDICIAL P[]1 :I* IS EXPRESSLY D5I$ TO ! LEGISLATURE BY ! CON/ITUTION1 MI<T NEV]!LESS BE :OLLY OR P>TIALLY ACQUIR$ BY IT BY MEANS ( CONTRACTS ) 9DIVIDUALS4 ,& TO ?AT EXT5T ! CON/ITUTION W\LD BE CIRCUMV5T$ & NULLIFI$4 

#b4 ,A CORPORATION1 AS /AT$ BY ! PETITION] BE=E ! ,S5ATE1 IS NECESS>ILY ONLY A NUMB] ( CITIZ5S1 HAV+ ! SAME RI<TS1 & SUBJECT TO ! SAME LIABILITIES1 AS O!R CITIZ5S1 ) ONLY ?IS DIFF]5CE1 VIZ41 ?AT ! LEGISLATURE HAS GRANT$ !M1 & !Y HAVE ACCEPT$1 C]TA9 PRIVILEGES1 SUBJECT ONLY TO SPECIFIC CONDITIONS4 ,:E!R !Y HAVE VIOLAT$ !SE CONDITIONS1 & 9CURR$ ! P5ALTIES ANNEX$ TO SU* VIOLATION1 MU/ ALWAYS BE A JUDICIAL QUE/ION1 :I* ! LEGISLATURE CAN NO MORE TRY ?AN IT CAN TRY ANY O!R JUDICIAL QUE/ION4 ,&1 IF ! LEGISLATURE HAS NO P[] TO TRY ANY SU* QUE/ION1 IT CAN COMPEL NO ONE TO TE/IFY 9 REG>D TO IT4 

#c4 ,IF NO VIOLATION ( LAW BE *>G$ UPON A CORPORATION1 BUT ! LEGISLATURE NEV]!LESS CONTEMPLATES AM5D+ OR REPEAL+ ITS *>T]1 OR MAK+ NEW LAWS CONC]N+ IT1 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! DISCRETION>Y P[] RES]V$ BY ,REVIS$ ,/ATUTES1 *AP4 #f#h1 SECT4 #d#a1 & DESIRES TO HAVE ITS DISCRETION 5LI<T5$ AS TO ! NE$FUL OR APPROPRIATE LEGISLATION 9 ?IS BEHALF1 !N ! PETITION] CLAIMS ?AT ! P[] ?US RES]V$ BY ! LEGISLATURE IS ONLY ! SAME AS1 & A P>T (1 ?AT G5]AL DISCRETION>Y P[] :I* ! LEGISLATURE FIR/ EX]CIS$ 9 GRANT+ ! *>T]1 & SU* AS ! LEGISLATURE HAS 9 REG>D TO ANY & ALL O!R SUBJECTS ( LEGISLATION2 & ?AT ! LEGISLATURE1 !RE=E1 CAN NO MORE COMPEL A P]SON TO 5LI<T5 !IR DISCRETION ON ! SUBJECT ( AM5D+ OR REPEAL+ ! *>T]S ( 0CORPORATIONS10 ?AN IT CAN COMPEL HIM TO 5LI<T5 !IR DISCRETION ON ANY O!R ORD9>Y SUBJECT ( LEGISLATION4 ,IT CAN C]TA9LY HAVE NO MORE P[] 9 REG>D TO AM5D+ OR REPEAL+ A *>T] ?AN IT HAD ORIG9ALLY 9 GRANT+ IT4 ,&1 AS IT HAD NO P[] TO COMPEL TE/IMONY TO 5LI<T5 !IR DISCRETION AS TO GRANT+ ! *>T]1 IT CAN HAVE NO P[] TO COMPEL TE/IMONY TO 5LI<T5 !IR DISCRETION AS TO AM5D+ OR REPEAL+ IT4 

,! LEGISLATURE C]TA9LY CANNOT COMPEL ,AGASSIZ TO 5LI<T5 !IR DISCRETION AS TO ! LEGISLATION NECESS>Y OR PROP] 9 REG>D TO ! CULTURE ( FI%1 M]ELY BECAUSE !Y PROPOSE TO LEGISLATE UPON ?AT SUBJECT4 ,NEI!R CAN IT COMPEL EI!R A SCI5TIFIC OR PRACTICAL AGRICULTURI/ TO 5LI<T5 !IR DISCRETION AS TO ! EXP$I5CY ( A ,/ATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE1 M]ELY BECAUSE ! LEGISLATURE CONTEMPLATE E/ABLI%+ SU* A COLLEGE4 ,IF ! LEGISLATURE DO NOT FEEL !MSELVES COMPET5T1 ( !IR [N KN[L$GE1 TO LEGISLATE ON ! ORD9>Y SUBJECTS ( LEGISLATION1 !Y MU/ 5LI<T5 !MSELVES EI!R BY SU* 9=MATION AT O!R P]SONS MAY FREELY & VOLUNT>ILY GIVE !M1 OR SU* AS CAN BE OBTA9$ BY (F]+ PROP] REW>DS4 ,!Y C]TA9LY CANNOT ADOPT ! PREPO/]\S C\RSE ( BR++ AGA9/ 9DIVIDUALS ! LOOSE & 9DEF9ITE *>GE ( 0CORRUPTION10 & !N1 UND] COLOR ( 9VE/IGAT+ ?AT *>GE1 COMPEL P]SONS TO COME BE=E !M1 & 5LI<T5 !IR G5]AL IGNORANCE1 & ?US QUALIFY !M = !IR LEGISLATIVE DUTIES4 ,SO 9FAM\S A PROCE$+ CAN NO MORE BE RESORT$ TO1 = ! PURPOSE ( 5LI<T5+ !IR DISCRETION AS TO ANY G5]AL LEGISLATION RELAT+ TO 0CORPORATIONS10 ?AN IT CAN BE TO 5LI<T5 !IR DISCRETION AS TO ANY G5]AL LEGISLATION RELAT+ TO ! PEOPLE AT L>GE4 

,! PETITION] HAS ?US PRES5T$ HIS CASE AS HE CLAIMS IT MU/ /& ON ! ,ORD] BE=E QUOT$1 = REFUS+ TO OBEY :I* HE WAS TRI$1 CONDEMN$ & IMPRISON$2 & AS HE !RE=E CLAIMS ?AT IT MU/ /& BE=E ?IS C\RT1 :ATEV] O!R TE/IMONY1 ( A SUBSEQU5T NATURE1 MAY BE ATTEMPT$ TO BE BR\<T 9TO IT4 

,?AT ,ORD] TO APPE> BE=E ! ,COMMITTEE1 & GIVE EVID5CE ( :AT HE KNEW RELAT+ SIMPLY TO 0*>GES ( CORRUPTION AGA9/ CORPORATIONS1 P>TIES & P]SONS10 WAS ! ONLY LEGAL 9=MATION HE HAD AS TO ! SUBJECT-MATT] 9 REG>D TO :I* HE WAS REQUIR$ TO BE SWORN4 

,ON HIS FIR/ >RAIGNM5T BE=E ! ,S5ATE1 HE ASK$ = A C]TIFI$ COPY ( ! O!R & ORIG9AL ,ORD] UND] :I* ! ,COMMITTEE WAS APPO9T$1 :I* HE 9=M$ ! ,S5ATE HE HAD NEV] SE51 & :I* HE SUPPOS$ MI<T GIVE HIM FUR!R LI<T AS TO ! SUBJECT-MATT] ( ! 9VE/IGATION1 & CONSEQU5TLY AS TO HIS DUTY1 OR NOT1 TO BE SWORN4 ,HE ALSO ASK$ = TIME 9 :I* TO CONSULT C\NSEL1 & ASC]TA9 HIS RI<TS1 ALL ( :I* APPE>S 9 ! COPY ( HIS DEF5SE1 AMONG ! PAP]S N[ SUBMITT$ TO ! C\RT4 

,BUT LESS ?AN TW5TY-F\R H\RS' TIME WAS GRANT$ HIM1 & DUR+ ?AT TIME NO C]TIFI$ COPY ( ! ORIG9AL ,ORD] WAS FURNI%$ HIM2 & HE NEV] SAW A C]TIFI$ COPY ( IT UNTIL AFT] HE HAD BE5 TRI$1 CONDEMN$ & IMPRISON$4 

,HE !RE=E CLAIMS ?AT ?AT ORIG9AL ,ORD] CANNOT N[ BE BR\<T 9TO ! CASE UND] ANY CIRCUM/ANCES :ATEV]4 

,EV5 IF ! C\RT %\LD BE ( OP9ION ?AT ?IS ORIG9AL ,ORD]1 UND] :I* ! ,COMMITTEE WAS APPO9T$1 W\LD HAVE MODIFI$ OR DID MODIFY1 ! P[]S ( ! ,COMMITTEE1 SO AS TO GIVE !M A LEGAL SUBJECT-MATT] ( 9VE/IGATION2 OR1 SUPPOS+ IT TO HAVE BE5 SE5 BY ! PETITION]1 ?AT IT W\LD HAVE GIV5 HIM AMPLE 9=MATION ( A LEGAL SUBJECT-MATT] ( 9VE/IGATION1 & ?US HAVE IMPOS$ UPON HIM ! DUTY ( BE+ SWORN1-/ILL HE SAYS ?AT1 9ASMU* AS HE HAD NEV] SE5 ANY C]TIFI$ COPY ( IT1 HE CANNOT BE SAID TO HAVE BE5 LEGALLY 9=M$ ( ITS CONT5TS1 OR CONSEQU5TLY TO HAVE BE5 UND] ANY OBLIGATION AT ALL 9 REG>D TO IT1 UNLESS IT W]E SIMPLY TO REQUE/ A C]TIFI$ COPY ( IT1 :I* HE DID1 BUT WAS REFUS$ UNTIL IT WAS TOO LATE TO BE US$ 9 HIS DEF5SE4 

,HE !RE=E HAD NO LEGAL 9=MATION AS TO ! SUBJECT-MATT] ( ! 9VE/IGATION1 EXCEPT :AT WAS CONTA9$ SIMPLY 9 ! SUPPLEM5T>Y ,ORD]1 ALREADY GIV51 AU?ORIZ+ ! ,COMMITTEE TO S5D = P]SONS & PAP]S4 

,S9CE HE HAS BE5 9 PRISON1 HE HAS BE5 FURNI%$ ) A C]TIFI$ COPY ( ! ORIG9AL ,ORD] = RAIS+ ! ,COMMITTEE4 ,IT IS AS FOLL[S3 

,C,O,M,M,O,N,W,E,A,L,? ,( ,M,A,S,S,A,*,U,S,E,T,T,S4 

,9 ,S5ATE1 ,FEB4 #b#c1 #a#h#f#i4 

,ORD]$1 ,?AT A JO9T SPECIAL COMMITTEE1 TO CONSI/ ( FIVE MEMB]S ON ! P>T ( ! ,H\SE1 ) SU* AS ! ,S5ATE MAY JO91 BE APPO9T$ TO 9QUIRE IF ANY RAILROAD COMPANY1 *>T]$ BY1 & RECEIV+ AID FROM1 ?IS ,COMMONWEAL?1 HAS PAID L>GE SUMS ( MONEY1 EI!R TO AID LEGISLATION 9 !IR BEHALF1 OR SUPPRESS LEGISLATION ADV]SE TO !IR CORPORATE 9T]E/S1 & ?AT SU* COMMITTEE HAVE P[] TO S5D = P]SONS & PAP]S2 & SAID COMMITTEE IS ALSO FUR!R AU?ORIZ$ TO 9QUIRE IF ANY O!R RAILROAD COMPANY1 OR O!R CORPORATION *>T]$ H]E1 OR IF ANY O!R P>TY OR P]SON HAS1 AT ANY TIME1 US$ ANY IMPROP] MEANS OR 9FLU5CE TO AID OR TO SUPPRESS LEGISLATION4 

,IT WIL BE SE5 ?AT ?IS ,ORD] IS 9 V]Y DIFF]5T T]MS FROM ! ONE 9 REF]5CE TO :I* ! PETITION] WAS TRI$ & CONDEMN$4 ,BUT HE NEV]!LESS HOLDS ?AT IT IS EQUALLY FUTILE ) ! O!R2 ?AT IT UTT]LY FAILS TO SET =? ANY LEGAL SUBJECT-MATT] ( COMPULSORY 9VE/IGATION2 & ?AT IT C\LD HAVE BE5 NO AU?ORITY = ! ,COMMITTEE TO REQUIRE HIM TO BE SWORN1 EV5 IF IT HAD BE5 PRODUC$4 

,?IS ,ORD]1 IT WILL BE NOTIC$1 IS 9 TWO P>TS4 ,! FIR/ P>T IS 9 !SE WORDS3- 

0,ORD]$1 ,?AT A JO9T SPECIAL COMMITTEE1 TO CONSI/ ( FIVE MEMB]S ON ! P>T ( ! ,H\SE1 ) SU* AS ! ,S5ATE MAY JO91 BE APPO9T$ TO 9QUIRE IF ANY RAILROAD COMPANY1 *>T]$ BY & RECEIV+ AID FROM ?IS ,COMMONWEAL?1 HAS PAID L>GE SUMS ( MONEY1 EI!R TO AID LEGISLATION 9 !IR BEHALF1 OR SUPPRESS LEGISLATION ADV]SE TO !IR CORPORATE 9T]E/S2 & ?AT SU* COMMITTEE HAVE P[] TO S5D = P]SONS & PAP]S40 

,?IS P>T ( ! ,ORD]1 IT WILL BE SE51 IS NOT = AN 9QUIRY AS TO :E!R ! MONEY SO PAID 0TO AID LEGISLATION 9 !IR BEHALF1 OR SUPPRESS LEGISLATION ADV]SE TO !IR CORPORATE 9T]E/S10 WAS PAID = ANY CORRUPT PURPOSE1 OR 9 ANY CORRUPT MANN]1 :ATEV]1 BUT ONLY AS TO :E!R IT WAS PAID AT ALL4 

,IF MONEY HAS BE5 PAID AT ALL = ?OSE PURPOSES1 IT MU/ C]TA9LY BE PRESUM$ TO HAVE BE5 PAID HONE/LY1 AT LEA/ UNTIL ! CONTR>Y IS EI!R PROV$1 OR *>G$1 OR ORD]$ TO BE 9QUIR$ 9TO4 

,N[1 IT IS OBVI\S ?AT :5 A RAILROAD CORPORATION1 LIKE ! ,BO/ON1 ,H>T=D & ,]IE1 OR ! ,TROY & ,GRE5FIELD1 COMES BE=E ! LEGISLATURE TO ASK !M TO AID ! CORPORATION BY ! LOAN ( MILLIONS ( MONEY OR CR$IT1 IT MU/ NOT ONLY BE PROP]1 BUT 9DISP5SABLY NECESS>Y1 ?AT !Y %\LD SP5D 0L>GE SUMS ( MONEY0 9 COLLECT+ & >RANG+ ALL ! DATA NECESS>Y TO 5ABLE ! LEGISLATURE TO ACT ) REASONABLE DISCRETION 9 JUDG+ :E!R ! LOAN W\LD BE A SAFE1 JUDICI\S & PROP] ONE4 ,COMPREH5SIVE & RELIABLE DATA MU/ BE OBTA9$ AS TO ! AM\NT ALREADY EXP5D$ ON ! ROAD1 ! PROBABLE FUTURE CO/ ( ! ROAD1 ! PROSPECTIVE BUS9ESS ( ! ROAD1 ITS RELATIONS TO ! 9T]E/ ( ! ,COMMONWEAL?1 & ! SECURITY ! ROAD CAN (F] = ! LOAN1 BE=E ! LEGISLATURE C\LD REASONABLY BE ASK$ TO LOAN A %ILL+1 NOT TO SAY MILLIONS1 ( ! MONEY OR CR$IT ( ! ,/ATE4 ,DOES ANYONE SUPPOSE ?AT ALL !SE DATA CAN BE PROCUR$ & >RANG$1 & PROP]LY PRES5T$ TO ! LEGISLATURE1 O!RWISE ?AN BY ! PAYM5T ( 0L>GE SUMS ( MONEY08 ,( C\RSE NOT4 ,! SIMPLE FACT ?AT ! LEGISLATURE WILL EV5 S]I\SLY 5T]TA9 ! QUE/ION ( MAK+ ! LOAN1 PRESUPPOSES ?AT 0L>GE SUMS ( MONEY0 HAVE BE5 ALREADY 0PAID10 9 ORD] TO 5LI<T5 ! DISCRETION ( ! LEGISLATURE ON ! SUBJECT4 

,S9CE1 !N1 ?IS FIR/ P>T ( ! ,ORD] DOES NOT EV5 M5TION SU* A ?+ AS AN 9QUIRY AS TO :E!R 0L>GE SUMS ( MONEY0 HAVE BE5 PAID CORRUPTLY1 BUT ONLY AS TO :E!R !Y HAVE BE5 PAID1 & AS IT MU/ BE PRESUM$1 AT LEA/ UNTIL ! CONTR>Y HAS BE5 EI!R PROV$1 OR *>G$1 OR ORD]$ TO BE 9QUIR$ 9TO1 ?AT ! MONEY WAS PAID HONE/LY1-! PRISON] HOLDS ?AT ?IS FIR/ P>T ( ! ,ORD] PRES5TS NO LEGAL SUBJECT-MATT] = 9VE/IGATION BY MEANS ( COMPULSORY TE/IMONY4 ,HE HOLDS ?AT HE-A P]SON HOLD+ NO (FICE OR EMPLOYM5T UND] ANY RAILROAD CORPORATION1 & HOLD+ NO /OCK 9 ANY RAILROAD CORPORATION1 & CONSEQU5TLY NOT REQUIR$ BY ITS *>T] TO JO9 9 ANY REPORT ( ITS DO+S TO ! LEGISLATURE-MI<T AS WELL BE COMPELL$ TO TE/IFY :E!R1 TO HIS KN[L$GE1 A RAILROAD COMPANY HAD PAID L>GE SUMS ( MONEY = RUNN+ !IR ROAD1 = LOCOMOTIVES1 = C>S1 = RAILROAD IRON1 = WOOD OR COAL1 OR AS COMP5SATION TO !IR EMPLOYES1 AS = AID+ LEGISLATION 9 !IR FAVOR4 ,! :OLE 9QUIRY IS1 ON ! FACE ( IT1 ABSURD & RIDICUL\S AS A SUBJECT-MATT] = COMPULSORY 9VE/IGATION1 SO LONG AS ! ,ORD] MAKES NO *>GE1 & DIRECTS NO 9QUIRY1 AS TO :E!R ! MONEY WAS CORRUPTLY PAID4 

,! SAME REASONS WILL APPLY TO ! CASE ( 0L>GE SUMS ( MONEY PAID0 BY ANY RAILROAD CORPORATION 0TO SUPPRESS 7OR PREV5T7 LEGISLATION ADV]SE TO ITS CORPORATE 9T]E/S40 

,DOES ! LEGISLATURE SUPPOSE ?AT A RAILROAD CORPORATION1 LIKE ! 0,WE/]N0 7?AT WAS17 OR ! ,BO/ON & ,ALBANY 7?AT IS N[17 IS GO+ TO SIT /ILL1 & SEE ! ,/ATE *>T]1 OR L5D MILLIONS ( MONEY OR CR$IT TO1 RIVAL ROADS1 LIKE ! ,TROY & ,GRE5FIELD1 OR ! ,BO/ON1 ,H>T=D & ,]IE1 )\T SP5D+ 0L>GE SUMS ( MONEY0 TO PROTECT !IR 0CORPORATE 9T]E/S0 AGA9/ SU* 0ADV]SE LEGISLATION80 ,&1 SO LONG AS NO *>GE IS MADE1 OR 9QUIRY ORD]$1 AS TO :E!R ?IS MONEY IS PAID CORRUPTLY1 HAVE ! LEGISLATURE ANY MORE P[] TO COMPEL A /RANG]1 HAV+ NO CONC]N 9 !SE ROADS1 TO TE/IFY TO :AT HE KN[S AS TO !SE EXP5DITURES1 ?AN !Y HAVE TO COMPEL HIM TO TE/IFY :AT HE KN[S AS TO !IR EXP5DITURES = WOOD1 COAL1 LOCOMOTIVES1 RAILROAD IRON1 OR ANY ( ! O!R ORD9>Y & PROP] EXP5SES ( A RAILROAD8 ,CLE>LY NOT4 

,! PETITION]1 !RE=E1 HOLDS IT TO BE P]FECTLY CLE> ?AT1 SO LONG AS ! ,ORD] MAKES NO *>GE1 & DIRECTS NO 9QUIRY1 AS TO :E!R ANY RAILROAD CORPORATION HAS EXP5D$ ANY ( ITS MONEY CORRUPTLY = ! PURPOSES NAM$1 ! ,ORD] PRES5TS NO LEGAL SUBJECT-MATT] = ANY COMPULSORY TE/IMONY ON ! SUBJECT1 & ESPECIALLY NOT = ANY COMPULSORY TE/IMONY FROM ONE :O IS NO (FIC] OR EMPLOYEE (1 OR /OCKHOLD] 91 ! CORPORATION1 & CONSEQU5TLY HAS NO DUTY IMPOS$ UPON HIM1 BY ! *>T]1 OR O!R LAWS ( ! ,COMMONWEAL?1 9 REG>D TO MAK+ RETURNS TO ! LEGISLATURE AS TO ! DO+S ( ! CORPORATION4 

,BUT AL?\< HE CONCEIVES IT :OLLY UNNECESS>Y = HIM TO DO SO1 ! PETITION] GOES /ILL FUR!R1 & CLAIMS ?AT1 EV5 IF ?IS ,ORD] HAS MADE ! *>GE1 OR DIRECT$ ! 9QUIRY1 AS TO :E!R MONEY HAD BE5 PAID CORRUPTLY1 HE C\LD NOT HAVE BE5 COMPELL$ TO TE/IFY ON ! SUBJECT BE=E A COMMITTEE ( ! LEGISLATURE2 & = ?IS REASON1 VIZ43 ,IF SU* CORRUPT PAYM5T ( MONEY W]E 9 ! NATURE ( A CRIM9AL (F5SE1 UND] ! LAWS ( ! ,COMMONWEAL?1-SU*1 = EXAMPLE1 AS BRIB+ MEMB]S ( ! LEGISLATURE1-!N HE HOLDS ?AT ! ACT ( BRIB]Y C\LD NOT HAVE BE5 DONE BY ! CORPORATION 9 ITS CORPORATE CAPACITY 7= A CORPORATION CANNOT COMMIT A CRIME17 BUT MU/ HAVE BE5 DONE BY 9DIVIDUALS 9 !IR PRIVATE CAPACITY2 & ?AT HE C\LD BE COMPELL$ TO TE/IFY 9 REG>D TO IT ONLY BE=E A JUDICIAL TRIBUNAL4 ,BUT IF1 ON ! O!R H&1 SU* PAYM5T1 :E!R CORRUPT OR NOT1 WAS NOT A LEGAL (F5SE UND] ! LAWS ( ! ,COMMONWEAL?1 !N HE HOLDS ?AT HE CAN NO MORE BE COMPELL$ TO TE/IFY 9 REG>D TO SU* CORRUPT 7BUT NOT CRIM9AL7 PAYM5T ( MONEY1 BY A CORPORATION1 ?AN HE CAN BE COMPELL$ TO TE/IFY AS TO SIMIL> CORRUPT 7BUT NOT CRIM9AL7 PAYM5TS ( MONEY BY PRIVATE P]SONS4 

,& ?IS IS ALL HE FEELS IT NECESS>Y TO SAY 9 REG>D TO ! FIR/ BRAN* ( ?IS ,ORD]4 

,! SECOND BRAN* ( ?IS ,ORD] IS 9 !SE WORDS1 VIZ43- 

0,& SAID COMMITTEE IS ALSO FUR!R AU?ORIZ$ TO 9QUIRE IF ANY O!R RAILROAD COMPANY1 OR O!R CORPORATION *>T]$ H]E1 OR IF ANY O!R P>TY OR P]SON1 HAS1 AT ANY TIME1 US$ ANY IMPROP] MEANS OR 9FLU5CE TO AID OR SUPPRESS LEGISLATION40 

,!SE T]MS1 0IMPROP] MEANS OR 9FLU5CE10 >E C]TA9LY V]Y MILD ONES TO BE EMPLOY$ 9 DESCRIB+ ANY CONDUCT ?AT CAN BE MADE ! SUBJECT-MATT] ( ANY COMPULSORY 9VE/IGATION BY ! LEGISLATURE4 ,AS ! ,ORD] GIVES NO DEF9ITION ( :AT IT 9T5DS BY ! WORDS1 0ANY IMPROP] MEANS OR 9FLU5CE10 ! PETITION] IS COMPELL$ TO CONCLUDE ?AT NO VIOLATION ( LAW1 SU* AS BRIB]Y1 OR ILLEGAL VOT+1 IS 9T5D$2 =1 IF IT W]E1 ! CASE C\LD ONLY BE TRI$1 EI!R 9 ANO!R =M1 OR BE=E A JUDICIAL TRIBUNAL1 & HE C\LD NOT BE COMPELL$ TO TE/IFY ELSE:]E OR O!RWISE 9 REG>D TO IT4 

,ASSUM+1 !RE=E1 ?AT NO VIOLATION ( LAW IS DIRECT$ BY ?IS BRAN* ( ! ,ORD] TO BE 9QUIR$ 9TO1 ! PETITION] IS NECESSITAT$ TO 9F] ?AT ! ,ORD] 9T5DS ONLY SU* O!R 0IMPROP] MEANS & 9FLU5CES10 AS 0CORPORATIONS1 P>TIES & P]SONS0 MAY EMPLOY 0TO AID OR SUPPRESS LEGISLATION20 AS1 = EXAMPLE1 SU* 0IMPROP] MEANS & 9FLU5CES0 7O!R ?AN CRIM9AL7 AS 0CORPORATIONS1 P>TIES & P]SONS0 MAY EMPLOY TO C>RY ELECTIONS1 TO SECURE ! ELECTION ( ?IS MAN :O WILL FAVOR !IR 9T]E/S & WI%ES1 & DEFEAT ! ELECTION ( ?AT MAN :O WILL OPPOSE !IR 9T]E/S OR WI%ES2 & ALSO SU* 0IMPROP] MEANS & 9FLU5CES0 7O!R ?AN CRIM9AL7 AS MAY BE EMPLOY$ TO 9FLU5CE MEMB]S ( ! LEGISLATURE 9 FAVOR (1 OR AGA9/1 ?IS LAW OR ?AT1 AFT] !Y >E ELECT$4 

,PLAC+ ?IS CON/RUCTION UPON ?IS BRAN* ( ! ,ORD]1-! ONLY CON/RUCTION1 HE CLAIMS1 ?AT CAN REASONABLY BE PUT UPON IT1-HE 9SI/S ?AT IT PRES5TS NO LEGAL SUBJECT-MATT] = ANY 9VE/IGATION BY ! ,COMMITTEE2 AT LEA/ BY MEANS ( COMPULSORY TE/IMONY4 

,FROM HIS [N SPECIAL ACQUA9TANCE ) POLITICS & POLITICIANS1 AS WELL AS FROM ?AT G5]AL KN[L$GE ON ! SUBJECT :I* IS OP5 TO ALL1 HE HAS NO MANN] ( D\BT ?AT 0IMPROP]10 MEAN1 SELFI%1 JEAL\S1 TYRANNICAL1 AMBITI\S1 M]C5>Y1 & EV5 MALICI\S MOTIVES & 9FLU5CE >E RIFE EV]Y:]E 9 PROMOT+ ! ELECTION ( ?IS MAN1 & OPPOS+ ! ELECTION ( ?AT2 & 9 ?IS AS WELL AS 9 V>I\S O!R WAYS1 AID+ SU* LEGISLATION AS 9DIVIDUALS & COPORATIONS DESIRE1 & 9 SUPPRESS+ 7OR PREV5T+7 SU* LEGISLATION AS !Y OPPOSE4 ,HE HAS NEV] HE>D ?AT ! BALLOT-BOX WAS C]TA9 TO PURIFY M5 ( !IR NATURAL SELFI%NESS4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! V]Y NATURE ( \R 9/ITUTIONS OP5S WIDE ! DOOR TO ! EMPLOYM5T ( 0IMPROP] MEANS & 9FLU5CES0 9 ANY & EV]Y POSSIBLE DEGREE %ORT ( CRIME4 ,!SE MEANS & 9FLU5CES AB\ND 9 ALL P>TIES1 & ) NE>LY OR QUITE ALL 9DIVIDUALS :O HAVE ANY?+ TO DO1 EI!R ) ELECT+ M5 TO ! LEGISLATURE1 OR ) 9FLU5C+ LEGISLATION AFT]W>DS4 ,SO P]FECTLY NOTORI\S IS ALL ?IS1 ?AT SOME V]Y S5SIBLE P]SONS SUPPOSE IT TO BE H>DLY POSSIBLE = A MAN EV5 TO T\* POLITICS ANY:]E 7BY WAY ( P>TICIPAT+ 9 !M7 )\T BE+ DEFIL$4 ,&1 IF SU* P]SONS EV] TAKE P>T 9 !M1 !Y DO SO ONLY ON ! PR9CIPLE ( *OOS+ ! LEA/ BETWE5 TWO OR MORE 5ORM\S EVILS4 

,NOBODY BUT A BLOCKHEAD SUPPOSES POLITICS TO BE PURE4 ,!RE IS NO REASONABLE D\BT ?AT 0IMPROP] MEANS & 9FLU5CES TO AID OR SUPPRESS LEGISLATION0 5T]$ 9TO ! ELECTION ( EV]Y MEMB] ( ! PRES5T LEGISLATURE1 & HAVE H]ET(ORE 5T]$ 9TO ! ELECTION ( EV]Y MEMB] ( EV]Y O!R LEGISLATURE ?AT HAS EV] SAT UND] \R ,/ATE ,CON/ITUTION4 ,& N[ ?IS 7SECOND7 BRAN* ( ?IS ,ORD] PURPORTS TO AU?ORIZE ?IS ,COMMITTEE TO 9QUIRE :AT 0MEANS & 9FLU5CES0 ( ?IS K9D HAVE 0AT ANY TIME10 S9CE ! F\NDATION ( ?IS GOV]NM5T1 BE5 BR\<T TO BE> ON LEGISLATION6 

,! MATT] W\LD BE SUPREMELY F>CICAL IF ! ,S5ATE HAD NOT %[N ITS DET]M9ATION TO PU% ?IS 9VE/IGATION1 EV5 TO ! EXT5T ( S5D+ M5 TO PRISON = REFUS+ TO TE/IFY4 

,! :OLE 9QUIRY IS1 ON ! FACE ( IT1 TO ! LA/ DEGREE QUIXOTIC1 ABSURD & RIDICUL\S1 CONSID]$ AS A LEGAL SUBJECT-MATT]1 9 REG>D TO :I* ! LEGISLATURE CAN COMPEL ! PEOPLE TO COME BE=E !IR COMMITTEES1 & TE/IFY AS TO !IR P]SONAL KN[L$GE4 

,= !SE REASONS1 ! PETITION] CLAIMS ?AT1 EV5 IF HE HAD BE5 S]V$ ) A C]TIFI$ COPY ( ?IS ,ORD]1 HE W\LD HAVE BE5 UND] NO LEGAL OBLIGATION TO PAY ! LEA/ ATT5TION TO IT4 ,BUT1 9ASMU* AS HE NEV] SAW A C]TIFI$ COPY ( IT UNTIL HE HAD BE5 TRI$1 CONDEMN$ & IMPRISON$1 HE CLAIMS ?AT ! ,ORD] ITSELF CAN HAVE NO?+ TO DO ) ! LEGALITY OR ILLEGALITY ( HIS IMPRISONM5T1 UNLESS TO %[ MORE FULLY EV51 IF POSSIBLE1 ?AN HAD BE5 DONE BE=E1 H[ UTT]LY BASELESS1 9 BO? LAW & REASON1 ?IS :OLE PROCE$+ AGA9/ HIM HAS BE51 FROM FIR/ TO LA/4 

,! PETITION] CLAIMS ?AT ! PR9CIPLES LAID D[N BY ?IS C\RT1 9 ! FIR/ TWO P>AGRAPHS ( !IR OP9ION 9 ! CASE ( ,BURNHAM VS4 ,MORRISSEY 7#a#d ,GRAY1 #b#c#h17 >E AMPLE TO 5TITLE HIM TO BE DIS*>G$ BY ?IS C\RT4 

,?OSE P>AGRAPHS >E 9 !SE WORDS1 TO WIT3- 

0,! ,H\SE ( ,REPRES5TATIVES IS NOT ! F9AL JUDGE ( ITS [N P[]S & PRIVILEGES 9 CASES 9 :I* ! RI<TS & LIB]TIES ( ! SUBJECT >E CONC]N$2 BUT ! LEGALITY ( ITS ACTION MAY BE EXAM9$ & DET]M9$ BY ?IS C\RT4 ,?AT ,H\SE IS NOT ! LEGISLATURE1 BUT ONLY A P>T ( IT1 & IS !RE=E SUBJECT 9 ITS ACTION TO ! LAWS1 9 COMMON ) ALL O!R BODIES1 (FIC]S & TRIBUNALS )9 ! ,COMMONWEAL?4 ,ESPECIALLY IS IT COMPET5T & PROP] = ?IS C\RT TO CONSID] :E!R ITS PROCE$+S >E 9 CON=MITY ) ! ,CON/ITUTION & LAWS1 BECAUSE1 LIV+ UND] A WRITT5 CON/ITUTION1 NO BRAN* OR DEP>TM5T ( ! GOV]NM5T IS SUPREME2 & IT IS ! PROV9CE & DUTY ( ! JUDICIAL DEP>TM5T TO DET]M9E1 9 CASES REGUL>LY BR\<T BE=E !M1 :E!R ! P[]S ( ANY BRAN* ( ! GOV]NM5T1 & EV5 ?OSE ( ! LEGISLATURE 9 ! 5ACTM5T ( LAWS1 HAVE BE5 EX]CIS$ 9 CON=MITY ) ! ,CON/ITUTION1 &1 IF !Y HAVE NOT BE51 TO TREAT !IR ACTS AS NULL & VOID4 

0,! ,H\SE ( ,REPRES5TATIVES HAS ! P[]1 UND] ! ,CON/ITUTION1 TO IMPRISON = CONTEMPT2 BUT ?IS P[] IS LIMIT$ TO CASES EXPRESSLY PROVID$ = BY ! ,CON/ITUTION1 OR TO CASES :]E ! P[] IS NECESS>ILY IMPLI$ FROM ?OSE CON/ITUTIONAL FUNCTIONS & DUTIES1 TO ! P]=MANCE ( :I* IT IS ESS5TIAL4 ,! P[] IS DIRECTLY CONF]R$ BY ! ,CON/ITUTION1 *AP4 #a1 SECT4 #c1 >TS4 #a1 #a#a2 & ! CASES !RE 5UM]AT$ >E ! ONLY ONES 9 :I* A S5T5CE ( IMPRISONM5T = A T]M EXT5D+ BEYOND ! SESSION ( ! ,H\SE CAN BE IMPOS$ AS A PUNI%M5T40 

,! ONLY EXCEPTION OR SUGGE/ION HE C>ES TO (F]1 9 REG>D TO ANY PORTION ( ?AT OP9ION1 IS 9 REG>D TO ! MEAN+ ( C]TA9 LANGUAGE US$ BY ! C\RT 9 ! F\R? P>AGRAPH1 AS FOLL[S3- 

0,! ,H\SE ( ,REPRES5TATIVES HAS MANY DUTIES TO P]=M :I* NECESS>ILY REQUIRE IT TO RECEIVE EVID5CE1 & EXAM9E WITNESSES4 4 4 4 ,IT MAY 9QUIRE 9TO ! DO+S ( CORPORATIONS :I* >E SUBJECT TO ! CONTROL ( ! LEGISLATURE1 ) A VIEW TO MODIFY OR REPEAL !IR *>T]S4 4 4 4 ,IT HAS (T5 OCCASION TO ACQUIRE A C]TA9 KN[L$GE ( FACTS1 9 ORD] TO ! PROP] P]=MANCE ( LEGISLATIVE DUTIES40 

,:AT ! C\RT MAY HAVE 9T5D$ BY ?IS LANGUAGE IS NOT CLE>4 ,IT IS EVID5TLY M]E DICTA1 NOT SPECIALLY RELAT+ TO ! CASE !N BE=E !M2 = ,BURNHAM WAS A PUBLIC (FIC]1 & ! 9VE/IGATION WAS 9 REG>D TO HIS (FICIAL CONDUCT4 ,SU* IS NOT ! CASE H]E2 = ! PETITION] HOLDS NO (FICE :ATEV]4 

,IF1 9 ?IS LANGUAGE1 ! C\RT MEANT TO 9TIMATE ?AT ! LEGISLATURE MI<T HAVE P[] TO COMPEL A MAN TO COME BE=E !M1 & GIVE !M ANY & ALL 9=MATION :I* HE MAY POSSESS1 & :I* !Y MAY ?9K W\LD FACILITATE ! P]=MANCE ( !IR G5]AL 0LEGISLATIVE DUTIES10 EI!R 9 REG>D TO 0CORPORATIONS10 OR ! PEOPLE AT L>GE1 ! PETITION] :OLLY OBJECTS1 = ! REASONS ALREADY GIV51 TO ANY SU* P[] BE+ CONC$$ TO ! LEGISLATURE4 

,HE ?9KS ! CASE IS ONE ?AT REQUIRES ?AT A CLE> L9E %\LD BE DRAWN BETWE5 ?OSE CASES 9 :I* ! LEGISLATURE HAVE1 & ?OSE 9 :I* !Y HAVE NOT1 ! RI<T TO COMPEL TE/IMONY4 

,! PETITION] UTT]LY D5IES ?AT ! LEGISLATURE HAS ANY G5]AL P[] TO SET UP ANY /&>DS :ATEV] AS TO :AT IS1 OR IS NOT1 0CORRUPTION10 OR AS TO :AT IS1 OR IS NOT1 0IMPROP]10 ON ! P>T ( ! PEOPLE ( ?IS ,COMMONWEAL?1 O!RWISE ?AN BY 5ACT+ LAWS TO BE 5=C$ BY ! JUDICI>Y4 ,UNTIL SU* /&>DS >E PUT 9TO ! =M ( /ATUTES1 !Y MU/ NECESS>ILY BE UNKN[N & UNKN[ABLE BY ! PEOPLE4 ,!Y MU/ ALSO NECESS>ILY BE M]ELY P]SONAL IDEAS 9 ! M9DS ( ! MEMB]S ( ! LEGISLATURE1 & AS SU* 5TITL$ TO NO AU?ORITY OV]1 & NO CONSID]ATION OR EV5 COGNIZANCE BY1 ! PEOPLE4 ,HE ALSO UTT]LY D5IES ! P[] ( ! LEGISLATURE TO COMPEL HIM TO BECOME !IR 9/RUM5T1 TO SUPPLY !M ) TE/IMONY1 TO BE US$ BY !M = ! PURPOSE ( DEFAM+ & 9JUR+ ! PEOPLE ( ! ,COMMONWEAL?1 ON ACC\NT ( !IR NOT HAV+ CON=M$ !IR CONDUCT 9 ALL RESPECTS TO !SE UNKN[N & UNKN[ABLE & M]ELY P]SONAL IDEAS ( ! MEMB]S ( ! LEGISLATURE1 ON ! 9F9ITE & 9DEF9ITE SUBJECTS ( PURITY & 0CORRUPTION10 ( PROPRIETY & 0IMPROPRIETY40 

.<"9.> 0,! ,H\SE ( ,REPRES5TATIVES %ALL BE ! JUDGE ( ! RETURNS1 ELECTIONS1 & QUALIFICATIONS ( ITS [N MEMB]S1 AS PO9T$ \T 9 ! ,CON/ITUTION2 %ALL *OOSE !IR [N SPEAK]1 APPO9T !IR [N (FIC]S1 & SETTLE ! RULES & ORD]S ( PROCE$+ 9 !IR [N ,H\SE4 ,!Y %ALL HAVE AU?ORITY TO PUNI% BY IMPRISONM5T EV]Y P]SON1 NOT A MEMB]1 :O %ALL BE GUILTY ( ANY DISRESPECT TO ! ,H\SE BY ANY DISORD]LY OR CONTEMPTU\S BEHAVIOR 9 ITS PRES5CE2 OR :O1 9 ! T[N :]E ! ,G5]AL ,C\RT IS SITT+1 & DUR+ ! TIME ( ITS SITT+1 %ALL ?REAT5 TO H>M ! BODY OR E/ATE ( ANY ( ITS MEMB]S1 = ANY?+ SAID OR DONE 9 ! ,H\SE1 OR :O %ALL ASSAULT ANY ( !M !RE=2 OR :O %ALL ASSAULT OR >RE/ ANY WITNESS OR O!R P]SON ORD]$ TO ATT5D ! ,H\SE1 9 HIS WAY 9 GO+ OR RETURN+2 OR :O %ALL RESCUE ANY P]SON >RE/$ BY ORD] ( ! ,H\SE4 

0,& NO MEMB] ( ! ,H\SE ( ,REPRES5TATIVES %ALL BE >RE/$ OR HELD TO BAIL ON MESNE PROCESS1 DUR+ HIS GO+ 9TO1 RETURN+ FROM1 OR HIS ATT5D+1 ! ,G5]AL ,ASSEMBLY4 

0,X,I4 ,! ,S5ATE %ALL HAVE ! SAME P[]S 9 ! LIKE CASES2 & ,GOV]NOR & ,C\NCIL %ALL HAVE ! SAME AU?ORITY TO PUNI% 9 LIKE CASES2 PROVID$ ?AT NO IMPRISONM5T ON ! W>RANT OR ORD] ( ! ,GOV]NOR1 ,C\NCIL1 ,S5ATE1 OR ,H\SE ( ,REPRES5TATIVES1 = EI!R ( ! ABOVE DESCRIB$ (F5SES1 BE = A TIME EXCE$+ ?IRTY DAYS4 

0,& ! ,S5ATE & ,H\SE ( ,REPRES5TATIVES MAY TRY & DET]M9E ALL CASES :]E !IR RI<TS & PRIVILEGES >E CONC]N$1 & :I*1 BY ! ,CON/ITUTION1 !Y HAVE AU?ORITY TO TRY & DET]M9E1 BY ,COMMITTEES ( !IR [N MEMB]S1 OR 9 SU* O!R WAY AS !Y MAY RESPECTIVELY ?9K BE/40 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #a1 #bag 3 ,?OMAS ,DREW VS4 ,JOHN ,M4 ,CL>K3 ,>GUM5T ,= ,PETITION] -- ,ADD$4 
,DECEMB] #c1 #bba 3 ,?OMAS ,DREW VS4 ,JOHN ,M4 ,CL>K3 ,>GUM5T ,= ,PETITION] -- ,UPDAT$4 

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