,!SES ( ! ,AB/5TIONI/ ,COMMUNI/ ,FACTION ( ! ,ITALIAN ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,AMADEO ,BORDIGA 

,TEXT 3 

,S\RCE3 WEB49F9ITO4IT_/UT5TI_/C_/COMMUNISM_/CLASSICI_/BORDIG54HTM2 
,TRANSLATION3 9 ,COMMUNI/ ,PROGRAM1 ,NO4#e1 ,JUNE #a#i#g#i2 
,H,T,M,L ,M>KUP3 ,&Y ,BLUND5 #b#c4 
,I 

#a4 ,COMMUNISM IS ! DOCTR9E ( ! SOCIAL & HI/ORICAL 
PRECONDITIONS = ! EMANCIPATION ( ! PROLET>IAT4 

,! ELABORATION ( ?IS DOCTR9E BEGAN 9 ! P]IOD ( ! 
FIR/ PROLET>IAN MOVEM5TS AGA9/ ! EFFECTS ( ! B\RGEOIS SY/EM ( 
PRODUCTION4 ,IT TOOK %APE 9 ! ,M>XI/ CRITIQUE ( ! CAPITALI/ ECONOMY1 
! ME?OD ( HI/ORICAL MAT]IALISM1 ! !ORY ( CLASS /RUGGLE & ! 
CONCEPTION ( ! DEVELOPM5T :I* WILL TAKE PLACE 9 ! HI/ORICAL PROCESS 
( ! FALL ( ! CAPITALI/ REGIME & ! PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION4 

#b4 ,IT IS ON ! BASIS ( ?IS DOCTR9E -- :I* F\ND ITS 
FIR/ & FUNDAM5TAL SY/EMATIC EXPRESSION 9 ! ,COMMUNI/ 
,MANIFE/O ( #ahdh -- ?AT ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY IS CON/ITUT$4 

#c4 ,9 ! PRES5T HI/ORICAL P]IOD1 ! SITUATION CREAT$ BY 
B\RGEOIS RELATIONS ( PRODUCTION1 BAS$ ON ! PRIVATE [N]%IP ( ! MEANS 
( PRODUCTION & EX*ANGE1 ON ! PRIVATE APPROPRIATION ( ! PRODUCTS ( 
COLLECTIVE LABOR & ON FREE COMPETITION 9 PRIVATE TRADE ( ALL PRODUCTS1 
BECOMES MORE & MORE 9TOL]ABLE = ! PROLET>IAT4 

#d4 ,TO !SE ECONOMIC RELATIONS CORRESPOND ! POLITICAL 
9/ITUTIONS *>ACT]I/IC ( CAPITALISM3 ! /ATE BAS$ ON DEMOCRATIC & 
P>LIAM5T>Y REPRES5TATION4 ,9 A SOCIETY DIVID$ 9TO CLASSES1 ! /ATE IS 
! ORGANIZATION ( ! P[] ( ! CLASS :I* IS ECONOMICALLY PRIVILEG$4 
,AL?\< ! B\RGEOISIE REPRES5TS A M9ORITY )9 SOCIETY1 ! DEMOCRATIC 
/ATE REPRES5TS ! SY/EM ( >M$ =CE ORGANIZ$ = ! PURPOSE ( 
PRES]V+ ! CAPITALI/ RELATIONS ( PRODUCTION4 

#e4 ,! /RUGGLE ( ! PROLET>IAT AGA9/ CAPITALI/ 
EXPLOITATION ASSUMES A SUCCESSION ( =MS GO+ FROM ! VIOL5T DE/RUCTION 
( MA*9ES TO ! ORGANIZATION ON A CRAFT BASIS TO IMPROVE WORK+ CONDITIONS1 
TO ! CREATION ( FACTORY C\NCILS1 & TO ATTEMPTS TO TAKE POSSESSION ( 
5T]PRISES4 

,9 ALL !SE 9DIVIDUAL ACTIONS1 ! PROLET>IAT MOVES 9 ! 
DIRECTION ( ! DECISIVE REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! P[] ( ! 
B\RGEOIS /ATE1 :I* PREV5TS ! PRES5T RELATIONS ( PRODUCTION FROM BE+ 
BROK54 

#f4 ,?IS REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE IS ! CONFLICT BETWE5 ! :OLE 
PROLET>IAN CLASS & ! :OLE B\RGEOIS CLASS4 ,ITS 9/RUM5T IS ! 
POLITICAL CLASS P>TY1 ! COMMUNI/ P>TY1 :I* A*IEVES ! CONSCI\S 
ORGANIZATION ( ! PROLET>IAN VANGU>D AW>E ( ! NECESSITY ( UNIFY+ ITS 
ACTION1 9 SPACE -- BY TRANSC5D+ ! 9T]E/S ( 
P>TICUL> GR\PS1 TRADES OR NATIONALITIES -- & 9 TIME 
-- BY SUBORD9AT+ TO ! F9AL \TCOME ( ! /RUGGLE ! P>TIAL GA9S 
& CONQUE/S :I* DO NOT MODIFY ! ESS5CE ( ! B\RGEOIS /RUCTURE4 

,CONSEQU5TLY IT IS ONLY BY ORGANIZ+ ITSELF 9TO A POLITICAL 
P>TY ?AT ! PROLET>IAT CON/ITUTES ITSELF 9TO A CLASS /RUGGL+ = ITS 
EMANCIPATION4 

#g4 ,! OBJECTIVE ( ! ACTION ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY IS ! 
VIOL5T OV]?R[ ( B\RGEOIS RULE1 ! CONQUE/ ( POLITICAL P[] BY ! 
PROLET>IAT1 & ! ORGANIZATION ( ! LATT] 9TO A RUL+ CLASS4 

#h4 ,P>LIAM5T>Y DEMOCRACY 9 :I* CITIZ5S ( EV]Y CLASS >E 
REPRES5T$ IS ! =M ASSUM$ BY ! ORGANIZATION ( ! B\RGEOISIE 9TO A 
RUL+ CLASS4 ,! ORGANIZATION ( ! PROLET>IAT 9TO A RUL+ CLASS WILL 
9/EAD BE A*IEV$ ?R\< ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT1 ?AT IS1 
?R\< A TYPE ( /ATE 9 :I* REPRES5TATION 7! SY/EM ( WORK]S' 
C\NCILS7 WILL BE DECID$ ONLY BY MEMB]S ( ! WORK+ CLASS 7! 9DU/RIAL 
PROLET>IAT & ! POOR PEASANTS71 ) ! B\RGEOIS BE+ D5I$ ! RI<T 
TO VOTE4 

#i4 ,AFT] ! OLD BUREAUCRATIC1 POLICE & MILIT>Y MA*9E HAS 
BE5 DE/ROY$1 ! PROLET>IAN /ATE WILL UNIFY ! >M$ =CES ( ! 
LABOR+ CLASS 9TO AN ORGANIZATION :I* WILL HAVE AS ITS TASK ! REPRESSION 
( ALL C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y ATTEMPTS BY ! DISPOSSESS$ CLASS & ! 
EXECUTION ( MEASURES ( 9T]V5TION 9TO B\RGEOIS RELATIONS ( PRODUCTION 
& PROP]TY4 

#a4 ,! PROCESS ( TRANSITION FROM ! CAPITALI/ ECONOMY TO A 
COMMUNI/ ONE WILL BE EXTREMELY COMPLEX & ITS PHASES WILL DIFF] ACCORD+ TO 
DIFF]+ DEGREES ( ECONOMIC DEVELOPM5T4 ,! 5DPO9T ( ?IS PROCESS WILL BE 
! TOTAL A*IEVEM5T ( ! [N]%IP & MANAGEM5T ( ! MEANS ( 
PRODUCTION BY ! :OLE UNIFI$ COLLECTIVITY1 TOGE!R ) ! C5TRAL & 
RATIONAL DI/RIBUTION ( PRODUCTIVE =CES AMONG ! DIFF]5T BRAN*ES ( 
PRODUCTION1 & F9ALLY ! C5TRAL ADM9I/RATION ( ! ALLOCATION ( 
PRODUCTS BY ! COLLECTIVITY4 

#a#a4 ,:5 CAPITALI/ ECONOMIC RELATION%IPS HAVE BE5 5TIRELY 
ELIM9AT$1 ! ABOLITION ( CLASSES WILL BE AN ACCOMPLI%$ FACT & ! 
/ATE1 AS A POLITICAL APP>ATUS ( P[]1 WILL BE PROGRESSIVELY REPLAC$ BY ! 
RATIONAL1 COLLECTIVE ADM9I/RATION ( ECONOMIC & SOCIAL ACTIVITY4 

#a#b4 ,! PROCESS ( TRANS=M+ ! RELATIONS ( PRODUCTION WILL 
BE ACCOMPANI$ BY A WIDE RANGE ( SOCIAL MEASURES /EMM+ FROM ! PR9CIPLE 
?AT ! COLLECTIVITY TAKES *>GE ( ! PHYSICAL & 9TELLECTUAL EXI/5CE 
( ALL ITS MEMB]S4 ,9 ?IS WAY1 ALL ! BIR? M>KS :I* ! PROLET>IAT HAS 
9H]IT$ FROM ! CAPITALI/ WORLD WILL BE PROGRESSIVELY ELIM9AT$ &1 9 
! WORDS ( ! ,MANIFE/O1 9 PLACE ( ! OLD B\RGEOIS SOCIETY1 
) ITS CLASSES & CLASS ANTAGONISMS1 WE %ALL HAVE AN ASSOCIATION 9 :I* 
! FREE DEVELOPM5T ( EA* IS ! CONDITION = ! FREE DEVELOPM5T ( 
ALL4 

#a#c4 ,! PRE-CONDITIONS = ! VICTORY ( PROLET>IAN P[] 9 
! /RUGGLE = ! REALIZATION ( COMMUNISM >E TO BE F\ND NOT SO MU* 9 
! RATIONAL USE ( SKILLS 9 TE*NICAL TASKS1 AS 9 ! FACT ?AT POLITICAL 
RESPONSIBILITIES & ! CONTROL ( ! /ATE APP>ATUS >E CONFID$ TO ?OSE 
PEOPLE :O WILL PUT ! G5]AL 9T]E/ & ! F9AL TRIUMPH ( COMMUNISM 
BE=E ! P>TICUL> & LIMIT$ 9T]E/S ( GR\PS4 

,PRECISELY BECAUSE ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY IS ! ORGANIZATION ( 
PROLET>IANS :O HAVE A*IEV$ ?IS CLASS CONSCI\SNESS1 ! AIM ( ! P>TY 
WILL BE1 BY ITS PROPAG&A1 TO W9 ELECTIVE PO/S = ITS MEMB]S )9 ! 
SOCIAL ORGANIZATION4 ,! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT WILL !RE=E BE ! 
DICTATOR%IP ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY & ! LATT] WILL BE A P>TY ( 
GOV]NM5T 9 A S5SE TOTALLY OPPOS$ TO ?AT ( ! OLD OLIG>*IES1 = 
COMMUNI/S WILL ASSUME RESPONSIBILITIES :I* WILL DEM& ! MAXIMUM ( 
SACRIFICE & R5UNCIATION & !Y WILL TAKE UPON !IR %\LD]S ! HEAVIE/ 
BURD5 ( ! REVOLUTION>Y TASK :I* FALLS ON ! PROLET>IAT 9 ! 
DIFFICULT LABOR ?R\< :I* A NEW WORLD WILL COME TO BIR?4 

,I,I 

#a4 ,! CRITIQUE :I* COMMUNI/S CONT9U\SLY MAKE ON ! BASIS 
( ! FUNDAM5TAL ME?ODS ( ,M>XISM1 & ! PROPAGATION ( ! CONCLUSIONS 
TO :I* IT LEADS1 HAVE AS !IR OBJECTIVE ! EXTIRPATION ( ?OSE 9FLU5CES 
:I* ! IDEOLOGICAL SY/EMS ( O!R CLASSES & O!R P>TIES HAVE OV] ! 
PROLET>IAT4 

#b4 ,FIR/ ( ALL1 COMMUNISM SWEEPS AWAY IDEALI/ CONCEPTIONS 
:I* CONSID] ! MAT]IAL ( ! WORLD ( ?\<T AS ! BASE1 & NOT ! 
RESULT1 ( ! REAL RELATIONS ( HUMAN LIFE & ( !IR DEVELOPM5T4 ,ALL 
RELIGI\S & PHILOSOPHICAL =MULATIONS ( ?IS TYPE MU/ BE CONSID]$ AS ! 
IDEOLOGICAL BAGGAGE ( CLASSES :OSE SUPREMACY -- :I* PREC$$ ! 
B\RGEOIS EPO* -- RE/$ ON AN ECCLESIA/ICAL1 >I/OCRATIC OR DYNA/IC 
ORGANIZATION RECEIV+ ITS AU?ORITY ONLY FROM A PRET5D$ SUP]-HUMAN 
9VE/ITURE4 

,ONE SYMPTOM ( ! DECAD5CE ( ! MOD]N B\RGEOISIE IS ! 
FACT ?AT ?OSE OLD IDEOLOGIES :I* IT HAD ITSELF DE/ROY$ REAPPE> 9 ITS 
MID/ UND] NEW =MS4 

,A COMMUNISM F\ND$ ON IDEALI/ BASES W\LD BE AN UNACCEPTABLE 
ABSURDITY4 

#c4 ,9 /ILL MORE *>ACT]I/IC FA%ION1 COMMUNISM IS ! 
DEMOLITION ( ! CONCEPTIONS ( LIB]ALISM & B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY BY ! 
,M>XI/ CRITIQUE4 ,! JURIDICAL ASS]TION ( FRE$OM ( ?\<T & POLITICAL 
EQUALITY ( CITIZ5S1 & ! IDEA ?AT 9/ITUTIONS F\ND$ ON ! RI<TS ( 
! MAJORITY & ON ! ME*ANISM ( UNIV]SAL ELECTORAL REPRES5TATION >E A 
SUFFICI5T BASE = A GRADUAL & 9DEF9ITE PROGRESS ( HUMAN SOCIETY1 >E 
IDEOLOGIES :I* CORRESPOND TO ! REGIME ( PRIVATE ECONOMY & FREE 
COMPETITION1 & TO ! 9T]E/S ( ! CAPITALI/ CLASS4 

#d4 ,ONE ( ! ILLUSIONS ( B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY IS ! BELIEF 
?AT ! LIV+ CONDITIONS ( ! MASSES CAN BE IMPROV$ ?R\< 9CREAS+ ! 
$UCATION & TRA9+ PROVID$ BY ! RUL+ CLASSES & !IR 9/ITUTIONS4 
,9 FACT IT IS ! OPPOSITE3 RAIS+ ! 9TELLECTUAL LEVEL ( ! GREAT MASSES 
DEM&S1 AS A PRE-CONDITION1 A BETT] /&>D ( MAT]IAL LIFE1 SOME?+ 
:I* IS 9COMPATIBLE ) ! B\RGEOIS REGIME4 ,MOREOV] ?R\< ITS S*OOLS1 
! B\RGEOISIE TRIES TO BROADCA/ PRECISELY ! IDEOLOGIES :I* 9HIBIT ! 
MASSES FROM P]CEIV+ ! PRES5T 9/ITUTIONS AS ! V]Y OB/ACLE TO !IR 
EMANCIPATION4 

#e4 ,ANO!R FUNDAM5TAL T5ET ( B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY LIES 9 ! 
PR9CIPLE ( NATIONALITY4 ,! =MATION ( /ATES ON A NATIONAL BASIS 
CORRESPONDS TO ! CLASS NECESSITIES ( ! B\RGEOISIE AT ! MOM5T :5 IT 
E/ABLI%ES ITS [N P[]1 9 ?AT IT CAN ?US AVAIL ITSELF ( NATIONAL & 
PATRIOTIC IDEOLOGIES 7:I* CORRESPOND TO C]TA9 9T]E/S COMMON 9 ! 
9ITIAL P]IOD ( CAPITALISM TO PEOPLE ( ! SAME RACE1 LANGUAGE & CU/OMS7 
& USE !M TO DELAY & MITIGATE ! CONFLICT BETWE5 ! CAPITALI/ /ATE 
& ! PROLET>IAN MASSES4 

,NATIONAL IRR$5TISMS >E ?US BORN ( ESS5TIALLY B\RGEOIS 
9T]E/S4 

,! B\RGEOISIE ITSELF DOES NOT HESITATE TO TRAMPLE ON ! 
PR9CIPLE ( NATIONALITY AS SOON AS ! DEVELOPM5T ( CAPITALISM DRIVES IT TO 
! (T5 VIOL5T CONQUE/ ( =EIGN M>KETS & TO ! RESULT+ CONFLICT 
AMONG ! GREAT /ATES OV] ! LATT]4 ,COMMUNISM TRANSC5DS ! PR9CIPLE ( 
NATIONALITY 9 ?AT IT DEMON/RATES ! ID5TICAL PR$ICAM5T 9 :I* ! MASS 
( DIS9H]IT$ WORK]S F9D !MSELVES ) RESPECT TO EMPLOY]S1 :ATEV] MAY 
BE ! NATIONALITY ( EI!R ! =M] OR ! LATT]2 IT PROCLAIMS ! 
9T]NATIONAL ASSOCIATION TO BE ! TYPE ( POLITICAL ORGANIZATION :I* ! 
PROLET>IAT WILL CREATE :5 IT1 9 TURN1 COMES TO P[]4 

,9 ! P]SPECTIVE ( ! COMMUNI/ CRITIQUE1 !RE=E1 ! 
REC5T WORLD W> WAS BR\<T AB\T BY CAPITALI/ IMP]IALISM4 ,?IS CRITIQUE 
DEMOLI%ES ?OSE V>I\S 9T]PRETATIONS :I* TAKE UP ! VIEWPO9T ( ONE OR 
ANO!R B\RGEOIS /ATE & TRY TO PRES5T ! W> AS A V9DICATION ( ! 
NATIONAL RI<TS ( C]TA9 PEOPLES OR AS A /RUGGLE ( DEMOCRATICALLY MORE 
ADVANC$ /ATES AGA9/ ?OSE ORGANIZ$ ON PRE-B\RGEOIS =MS1 OR F9ALLY1 AS 
A SUPPOS$ NECESSITY ( SELF-DEF5SE AGA9/ 5EMY AGGRESSION4 

#f4 ,COMMUNISM IS LIKEWISE OPPOS$ TO ! CONCEPTIONS ( B\RGEOIS 
PACIFISM & TO ,WILSONIAN ILLUSIONS ON ! POSSIBILITY ( A WORLD ASSOCIATION 
( /ATES1 BAS$ ON DIS>MAM5T & >BITRATION & HAV+ AS ITS PRE-CONDITION 
! ,UTOPIA ( A SUB-DIVISION ( /ATE UNITS BY NATIONALITY4 ,= COMMUNI/S1 W> 
WILL BECOME IMPOSSIBLE & NATIONAL QUE/IONS WILL BE SOLV$ ONLY :5 ! 
CAPITALI/ REGIME HAS BE5 REPLAC$ BY ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,COMMUNI/ 
,REPUBLIC4 

#g4 ,9 A ?IRD >EA1 COMMUNISM PRES5TS ITSELF AS ! 
TRANSC5D5CE ( ! SY/EMS ( UTOPIAN SOCIALISM :I* SEEK TO ELIM9ATE ! 
FAULTS ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATION BY 9/ITUT+ COMPLETE PLANS = A NEW 
ORGANIZATION ( SOCIETY :OSE POSSIBILITY ( REALIZATION WAS NOT PUT 9 
RELATION%IP TO ! REAL DEVELOPM5T ( HI/ORY4 

#h4 ,! PROLET>IAT'S ELABORATION ( ITS [N 9T]PRETATION ( 
SOCIETY & HI/ORY TO GUIDE ITS ACTION AGA9/ ! SOCIAL RELATIONS ( ! 
CAPITALI/ WORLD1 CONT9U\SLY GIVES RISE TO A MULTITUDE ( S*OOLS OR 
CURR5TS1 9FLU5C$ TO A GREAT] OR LESS] DEGREE BY ! V]Y IMMATURITY ( 
! CONDITIONS ( /RUGGLE & BY ALL ! V>I\S B\RGEOIS PREJUDICES4 ,FROM 
ALL ?IS >ISE ! ]RORS & SETBACKS 9 PROLET>IAN ACTION4 ,BUT IT IS DUE TO 
?IS MAT]IAL ( EXP]I5CE ?AT ! COMMUNI/ MOVEM5T SUCCE$S 9 DEF9+ 
) EV] GREAT] CL>ITY ! C5TRAL FEATURES ( ITS DOCTR9E & ITS TACTICS1 
DIFF]5TIAT+ ITSELF CLE>LY FROM ALL ! O!R CURR5TS ACTIVE )9 ! 
PROLET>IAT ITSELF & OP5LY COMBAT+ !M4 

#i4 ,! =MATION ( PRODUC]S' CO-OP]ATIVES1 9 :I* ! 
CAPITAL BELONGS TO ! WORK]S :O WORK 9 !M1 CANNOT BE A PA? T[>DS ! 
SUPPRESSION ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM4 ,?IS IS BECAUSE ! ACQUISITION ( RAW 
MAT]IALS & ! DI/RIBUTION ( PRODUCTS >E EFFECT$ ACCORD+ TO ! LAWS 
( PRIVATE ECONOMY & CONSEQU5TLY1 CR$IT1 & !RE=E PRIVATE CAPITAL 
ULTIMATELY EX]CISES CONTROL OV] ! COLLECTIVE CAPITAL ( ! COOP]ATIVE 
ITSELF4 

#a4 ,COMMUNI/S CANNOT CONSID] ECONOMIC TRADE OR CRAFT 
ORGANIZATIONS TO BE SUFFICI5T = ! /RUGGLE = ! PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION 
OR AS ! BASIC ORGANS ( ! COMMUNI/ ECONOMY4 

,! ORGANIZATION ( ! CLASS ?R\< TRADE UNIONS S]VES TO 
NEUTRALIZE COMPETITION BETWE5 WORK]S ( ! SAME TRADE & PREV5TS WAGES 
FALL+ TO ! L[E/ LEVEL4 ,H[EV] IT CANNOT LEAD TO ! ELIM9ATION ( 
CAPITALI/ PR(IT1 /ILL LESS TO ! UNIFICATION ( ! WORK]S ( ALL TRADES 
AGA9/ ! PRIVILEGE ( B\RGEOIS P[]4 ,FUR!R1 ! SIMPLE TRANSF] ( ! 
[N]%IP ( ! 5T]PRISES FROM ! PRIVATE EMPLOY] TO ! WORK]S' UNION 
C\LD NOT A*IEVE ! BASIC ECONOMIC FEATURES ( COMMUNISM1 = ! LATT] 
NECESSITATES ! TRANSF] ( [N]%IP TO ! :OLE PROLET>IAN COLLECTIVELY 
S9CE ?IS IS ! ONLY WAY TO ELIM9ATE ! *>ACT]I/ICS ( ! PRIVATE 
ECONOMY 9 ! APPROPRIATION & DI/RIBUTION ( PRODUCTS4 

,COMMUNI/S CONSID] ! UNION AS ! SITE ( AN 9ITIAL 
PROLET>IAN EXP]I5CE :I* P]MITS ! WORK]S TO GO FUR!R T[>DS ! 
CONCEPT & ! PRACTICE ( POLITICAL /RUGGLE1 :I* HAS AS ITS ORGAN ! 
CLASS P>TY4 

#a#a4 ,9 G5]AL1 IT IS AN ]ROR TO BELIEVE ?AT ! REVOLUTION IS 
A QUE/ION ( =MS ( ORGANIZATIONS :I* PROLET>IANS GR\P 9TO ACCORD+ TO 
!IR POSITION & 9T]E/S )9 ! FRAMEWORK ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM ( 
PRODUCTION4 

,IT IS NOT A MODIFICATION ( ! /RUCTURE ( ECONOMIC 
ORGANIZATIONS1 !N1 :I* CAN PROVIDE ! PROLET>IAT ) AN EFFECTIVE 
9/RUM5T = ITS EMANCIPATION4 

,FACTORY UNIONS & FACTORY C\NCILS EM]GE AS ORGANS = ! 
DEF5SE ( ! 9T]E/S ( ! PROLET>IANS ( DIFF]5T 5T]PRISES AT ! 
PO9T :5 IT BEG9S TO APPE> POSSIBLE ?AT CAPITALI/ DESPOTISM 9 ! 
MANAGEM5T ( ! 5T]PRISES C\LD BE LIMIT$4 ,BUT OBTA9+ ! RI<T ( 
!SE ORGANIZATIONS TO SUP]VISE 7TO MONITOR7 PRODUCTION TO A MORE OR LESS 
L>GE DEGREE IS NOT 9COMPATIBLE ) ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM & C\LD EV5 BE 
US$ BY IT AS A MEANS TO PRES]VE ITS DOM9ATION4 

,EV5 ! TRANSF] ( FACTORY MANAGEM5T TO FACTORY C\NCILS 
W\LD NOT MEAN 7ANY MORE ?AN 9 ! CASE ( ! UNIONS7 ! ADV5T ( ! 
COMMUNI/ SY/EM4 ,ACCORD+ TO ! TRUE COMMUNI/ CONCEPTION1 WORK]S' 
SUP]VISION ( PRODUCTION WILL NOT BE A*IEV$ UNTIL AFT] ! OV]?R[ ( 
B\RGEOIS P[]1 & IT WILL BE A SUP]VISION OV] ! RUNN+ ( EV]Y 
5T]PRISE EX]CIS$ BY ! :OLE PROLET>IAT UNIFI$ 9 ! /ATE ( WORK]S' 
C\NCILS4 ,COMMUNI/ MANAGEM5T ( PRODUCTION WILL BE ! DIRECTION ( EV]Y 
BRAN* & EV]Y PRODUCTIVE UNIT BY RATIONAL COLLECTIVE ORGANS :I* WILL 
REPRES5T ! 9T]E/S ( ALL WORK]S UNIT$ 9 ! WORK ( BUILD+ 
COMMUNISM4 

#a#b4 ,CAPITALI/ RELATIONS ( PRODUCTION CANNOT BE MODIFI$ BY ! 
9T]V5TION ( ! ORGANS ( B\RGEOIS P[]4 

,?IS IS :Y ! TRANSF] ( PRIVATE 5T]PRISES TO ! /ATE OR 
TO ! LOCAL GOV]NM5T DOES NOT CORRESPOND 9 ! SLI<TE/ TO ! COMMUNI/ 
CONCEPTION4 ,SU* A TRANSF] IS 9V>IABLY ACCOMPANI$ BY ! PAYM5T ( ! 
CAPITAL VALUE ( ! 5T]PRISE TO ! =M] [N]S :O ?US FULLY RETA9 
!IR RI<T TO EXPLOIT4 ,! 5T]PRISES !MSELVES CONT9UE TO FUNCTION AS 
PRIVATE 5T]PRISES )9 ! FRAMEWORK ( ! CAPITALI/ ECONOMY1 & !Y 
(T5 BECOME CONV5I5T 9/RUM5TS 9 ! WORK ( CLASS PRES]VATION & 
DEF5SE UND]TAK5 BY ! B\RGEOIS /ATE4 

#a#c4 ,! IDEA ?AT CAPITALI/ EXPLOITATION ( ! PROLET>IAT CAN 
BE GRADUALLY DIM9I%$ & !N ELIM9AT$ BY ! LEGISLATIVE & RE=MI/ 
ACTION ( PRES5T POLITICAL 9/ITUTIONS1 BE IT ELICIT$ BY REPRES5TATIVES ( 
! PROLET>IAN P>TY 9SIDE ?OSE 9/ITUTIONS OR EV5 BY MASS AGITATION1 
LEADS ONLY TO COMPLICITY 9 ! DEF5SE ( ! PRIVILEGES ( ! B\RGEOISIE4 
,! LATT] WILL ON OCCASION PRET5D TO GIVE UP A M9IMUM ( ITS PRIVILEGES 9 
ORD] TO TRY TO APPEASE ! ANG] ( ! MASSES & TO DIV]T !IR 
REVOLUTION>Y ATTEMPTS AGA9/ ! BASES ( ! CAPITALI/ REGIME4 

#a#d4 ,! CONQUE/ ( POLITICAL P[] BY ! PROLET>IAT1 EV5 IF 
SU* AN OBJECTIVE IS CONSID]$ AS ! F9AL1 TOTAL AIM ( ITS ACTION1 CANNOT 
BE A*IEV$ BY W9N+ A MAJORITY )9 B\RGEOIS ELECTIVE ORGANS4 

,?ANKS TO ! EXECUTIVE ORGANS ( ! /ATE1 :I* >E ! 
DIRECT AG5TS ( ! B\RGEOISIE1 ! LATT] V]Y EASILY 5SURES A MAJORITY 
)9 ! ELECTIVE ORGANS = ITS DELEGATES OR = ?OSE ELEM5TS :I* FALL 
UND] ITS 9FLU5CE OR 9TO ITS GAME BECAUSE !Y WANT TO 9DIVIDUALLY OR 
COLLECTIVELY W9 ELECTIVE PO/S4 ,MOREOV]1 P>TICIPATION 9 SU* 9/ITUTIONS 
REQUIRES ! AGREEM5T TO RESPECT ! JURIDICAL & POLITICAL BASES ( ! 
B\RGEOIS CON/ITUTION4 ,?IS AGREEM5T IS M]ELY =MAL BUT NEV]!LESS IT IS 
SUFFICI5T TO FREE ! B\RGEOISIE FROM EV5 ! SLI<TE/ EMB>RASSM5T ( AN 
ACCUSATION ( =MAL ILLEGALITY AT ! PO9T :5 IT WILL LOGICALLY RESORT TO 
ITS REAL MEANS ( >M$ DEF5SE RA!R ?AN AB&ON P[] & P]MIT ! 
PROLET>IAT TO SMA% ITS BUREAUCRATIC & MILIT>Y MA*9E ( DOM9ATION4 

#a#e4 ,TO RECOGNIZE ! NECESSITY ( 9SURRECTION>Y /RUGGLE = 
! SEIZURE ( P[]1 :ILE AT ! SAME TIME PROPOS+ ?AT ! PROLET>IAT 
EX]CISE ITS P[] BY CONC$+ REPRES5TATION TO ! B\RGEOISIE 9 NEW 
POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS 7CON/ITU5T ASSEMBLIES OR COMB9ATIONS ( !SE ) 
! SY/EM ( WORK]S' C\NCILS7 IS AN UNACCEPTABLE PROGRAM & IS OPPOS$ TO 
! C5TRAL COMMUNI/ DEM&1 ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,! PROCESS 
( EXPROPRIAT+ ! B\RGEOISIE W\LD BE IMM$IATELY COMPROMIS$ IF ?IS CLASS 
RETA9$ A MEANS TO 9FLU5CE SOMEH[ ! =MATION ( ! REPRES5TATIVE 
ORGANS ( ! EXPROPRIAT+ PROLET>IAN /ATE4 ,?IS W\LD P]MIT ! 
B\RGEOISIE TO USE ! 9FLU5CE :I* IT WILL 9EVITABLY RETA9 BECAUSE ( ITS 
EXP]I5CE & ITS 9TELLECTUAL & TE*NICAL TRA9+1 9 ORD] TO DEPLOY ITS 
POLITICAL ACTIVITY T[>DS ! REE/ABLI%M5T ( ITS P[] 9 A 
C\NT]-REVOLUTION4 ,! SAME CONSEQU5CES W\LD RESULT IF ! SLI<TE/ 
DEMOCRATIC PREJUDICE WAS ALL[$ TO SURVIVE 9 REG>D TO AN EQUALITY ( 
TREATM5T :I* IS SUPPOS$LY TO BE GRANT$ TO ! B\RGEOIS BY ! PROLET>IAN 
P[] 9 SU* MATT]S AS FRE$OM ( ASSOCIATION1 PROPAG&A & ! PRESS4 

#a#f4 ,! PROGRAM :I* PROPOSES AN ORGAN ( POLITICAL 
REPRES5TATION BAS$ ON DELEGATES FROM ! V>I\S TRADES & PR(ESSIONS ( 
ALL ! SOCIAL CLASSES IS NOT EV5 9 =M A ROAD LEAD+ TO ! SY/EM ( 
WORK]S' C\NCILS1 S9CE ! LATT] IS *>ACT]IZ$ BY ! EXCLUSION ( ! 
B\RGEOIS FROM ELECTORAL RI<TS & ITS C5TRAL ORGANIZATION IS NOT *OS5 ON 
! BASIS ( TRADE BUT BY T]RITORIAL CON/ITU5CY4 ,! =M ( REPRES5TATION 
9 QUE/ION IS RA!R AN 9F]IOR /AGE EV5 9 COMP>ISON ) PRES5T 
P>LIAM5T>Y DEMOCRACY4 

#a#g4 ,AN>*ISM IS PR(\NDLY OPPOS$ TO ! IDEAS ( COMMUNISM4 
,IT AIMS AT ! IMM$IATE 9/ALLATION ( A SOCIETY )\T A /ATE & 
POLITICAL SY/EM & ADVOCATES1 = ! ECONOMY ( ! FUTURE1 ! AUTONOM\S 
FUNCTION+ ( UNITS ( PRODUCTION1 REJECT+ ANY CONCEPT ( A C5TRAL 
ORGANIZATION & REGULATION ( HUMAN ACTIVITIES 9 PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION4 
,SU* A CONCEPTION IS CLOSE TO ?AT ( ! B\RGEOIS PRIVATE ECONOMY & REMA9S 
ALI5 TO ! FUNDAM5TAL ESS5CE ( COMMUNISM4 ,MOREOV] ! IMM$IATE 
ELIM9ATION ( ! /ATE AS A MA*9]Y ( POLITICAL P[] W\LD BE EQUIVAL5T 
TO A FAILURE TO (F] RESI/ANCE TO ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION1 UNLESS ONE 
PRESUPPOSES ?AT CLASSES HAVE BE5 IMM$IATELY ABOLI%$1 ?AT IS TO SAY ?AT 
!RE HAS BE5 ! SO-CALL$ REVOLUTION>Y EXPROPRIATION SIMULTANE\S ) ! 
9SURRECTION AGA9/ B\RGEOIS P[]4 

,NOT ! SLI<TE/ POSSIBILITY ( ?IS EXI/S1 GIV5 ! 
COMPLEXITY ( ! PROLET>IAN TASKS 9 ! SUB/ITUTION ( ! COMMUNI/ 
ECONOMY = ! PRES5T ONE1 & GIV5 ! NECESSITY ?AT SU* A PROCESS BE 
DIRECT$ BY A C5TRAL ORGANIZATION REPRES5T+ ! G5]AL 9T]E/ ( ! 
PROLET>IAT & SUBORD9AT+ TO ?IS 9T]E/ ALL ! LOCAL & P>TICUL> 
9T]E/S :I* ACT AS ! PR9CIPAL CONS]VATIVE =CE )9 CAPITALISM4 

,I,I,I 

#a4 ,! COMMUNI/ DOCTR9E & ECONOMIC DET]M9ISM DO NOT SEE 
COMMUNI/S AS PASSIVE SPECTATORS ( HI/ORICAL DE/9Y BUT ON ! CONTR>Y AS 
9DEFATIGABLE FI<T]S4 ,/RUGGLE & ACTION1 H[EV]1 W\LD BE 9EFFECTIVE IF 
DIVORC$ FROM ! LESSONS ( DOCTR9E & ( EXP]I5CE SE5 9 ! LI<T ( 
! COMMUNI/ CRITIQUE4 

#b4 ,! REVOLUTION>Y WORK ( COMMUNI/S IS BAS$ ON ! 
ORGANIZATION 9TO A P>TY ( ?OSE PROLET>IANS :O UNITE A CONSCI\SNESS ( 
COMMUNI/ PR9CIPLES ) ! DECISION TO DEVOTE ALL !IR 5]GY TO ! CAUSE 
( ! REVOLUTION4 ,! P>TY1 ORGANIZ$ 9T]NATIONALLY1 FUNCTIONS ON ! BASIS 
( DISCIPL9E T[>DS ! DECISIONS ( ! MAJORITY & T[>DS ! DECISIONS 
( ! C5TRAL ORGANS *OS5 BY ?AT MAJORITY TO LEAD ! MOVEM5T4 

#c4 ,PROPAG&A & PROSELYTISM -- 9 :I* ! P>TY ACCEPTS 
NEW MEMB]S ONLY ON ! BASIS ( ! MO/ SURE GU>ANTEES -- >E 
FUNDAM5TAL ACTIVITIES ( ! P>TY4 ,AL?\< IT BASES ! SUCCESS ( ITS 
ACTION ON ! PROPAGATION ( ITS PR9CIPLES & F9AL OBJECTIVES & AL?\< 
IT /RUGGLES 9 ! 9T]E/ ( ! IMM5SE MAJORITY ( SOCIETY1 ! COMMUNI/ 
MOVEM5T DOES NOT MAKE ! APPROVAL ( ! MAJORITY A PRE-CONDITION = ITS 
ACTION4 ,! CRIT]ION :I* DET]M9ES ! OCCASION TO LAUN* A REVOLUTION>Y 
ACTION IS ! OBJECTIVE EVALUATION ( \R [N =CES & ?OSE ( \R 5EMIES1 
TAK+ 9TO CONSID]ATION ALL ! COMPLEX FACTORS ( :I* ! NUM]ICAL 
ELEM5T IS NOT ! SOLE OR EV5 ! MO/ IMPORTANT DET]M9ANT4 

#d4 ,! COMMUNI/ P>TY1 9T]NALLY1 DEVELOPS AN 9T5SE WORK ( 
/UDY & POLITICAL CRITIQUE 9TIMATELY L9K$ TO ! EXIG5CIES ( ACTION & 
TO HI/ORICAL EXP]I5CE1 & IT /RIVES TO ORGANIZE ?IS WORK ON AN 
9T]NATIONAL BASIS4 ,EXT]NALLY1 9 ALL CIRCUM/ANCES & ) ! MEANS AT IT 
DISPOSAL1 IT WORKS TO DIFFUSE ! LESSONS ( ITS [N CRITICAL EXP]I5CE & TO 
REFUTE 5EMY S*OOLS & P>TIES4 ,ABOVE ALL1 ! P>TY CONDUCTS ITS ACTIVITY 
& PROPAG&A AMONG ! PROLET>IAN MASSES & WORKS TO POL>IZE !M >\ND 
IT1 P>TICUL>LY AT ?OSE TIMES :5 !Y >E SET 9 MOTION 9 REACTION AGA9/ 
! CONDITIONS CAPITALISM IMPOSES UPON !M & ESPECIALLY )9 ! 
ORGANIZATIONS =M$ BY PROLET>IANS TO DEF5D !IR IMM$IATE 9T]E/S4 

#e4 ,COMMUNI/S !RE=E P5ETRATE PROLET>IAN CO-OP]ATIVES1 
UNIONS1 FACTORY C\NCILS1 & =M GR\PS ( COMMUNI/ WORK]S )9 !M4 
,!Y /RIVE TO W9 A MAJORITY & PO/S ( LEAD]%IP SO ?AT ! MASS ( 
PROLET>IANS MOBILIZ$ BY !SE ASSOCIATIONS SUBORD9ATE !IR ACTION TO ! 
HI<E/ POLITICAL & REVOLUTION>Y 5DS ( ! /RUGGLE = COMMUNISM4 

#f4 ,! COMMUNI/ P>TY1 ON ! O!R H&1 REMA9S \TSIDE ALL 
9/ITUTIONS & ASSOCIATIONS 9 :I* B\RGEOIS & WORK]S P>TICIPATE 9 
COMMON1 OR WORSE /ILL1 :I* >E L$ & SPONSOR$ BY MEMB]S ( ! 
B\RGEOISIE 7SOCIETIES ( MUTUAL ASSI/ANCE1 *>ITIES1 CULTURAL S*OOLS1 
POPUL> UNIV]SITIES1 ,FREEMASONS' ,LODGES1 ETC474 ,IT COMBATS ! ACTION & 
9FLU5CE ( !SE 9/ITUTIONS & ASSOCIATIONS & TRIES TO DIV]T 
PROLET>IANS FROM !M4 

#g4 ,P>TICIPATION 9 ELECTIONS TO ! REPRES5TATIVE ORGANS ( 
B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY & P>TICIPATION 9 P>LIAM5T>Y ACTIVITY1 :ILE ALWAYS 
PRES5T+ A CONT9U\S DANG] ( DEVIATION1 MAY BE UTILIZ$ = PROPAG&A & 
= S*OOL+ ! MOVEM5T DUR+ ! P]IOD 9 :I* !RE DOES NOT YET EXI/ 
! POSSIBILITY ( OV]?R[+ B\RGEOIS RULE & 9 :I*1 AS A CONSEQU5CE1 
! P>TY'S TASK IS RE/RICT$ TO CRITICISM & OPPOSITION4 ,9 ! PRES5T 
P]IOD1 :I* BEGAN ) ! 5D ( ! WORLD W>1 ) ! FIR/ COMMUNI/ 
REVOLUTIONS & ! CREATION ( ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL1 COMMUNI/S POSE1 AS 
! DIRECT OBJECTIVE ( ! POLITICAL ACTION ( ! PROLET>IAT 9 EV]Y 
C\NTRY1 ! REVOLUTION>Y CONQUE/ ( P[]1 TO :I* 5D ALL ! 5]GY & 
ALL ! PREP>ATORY WORK ( ! P>TY MU/ BE DEVOT$4 

,9 ?IS P]IOD1 IT IS 9ADMISSIBLE TO P>TICIPATE 9 !SE 
ORGANS :I* FUNCTION AS A P[]FUL DEF5SIVE 9/RUM5T ( ! B\RGEOISIE & 
:I* >E DESIGN$ TO OP]ATE EV5 )9 ! RANKS ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,IT IS 
PRECISELY 9 OPPOSITION TO !SE ORGANS1 TO !IR /RUCTURE AS TO !IR 
FUNCTION1 ?AT COMMUNI/S CALL = ! SY/EM ( WORK]S' C\NCILS & ! 
DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT4 

,BECAUSE ( ! GREAT IMPORTANCE :I* ELECTORAL ACTIVITY ASSUMES 
9 PRACTICE1 IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO RECONCILE ?IS ACTIVITY ) ! ASS]TION 
?AT IT IS NOT ! MEANS ( A*IEV+ ! PR9CIPAL OBJECTIVE ( ! P>TY'S 
ACTION1 :I* IS ! CONQUE/ ( P[]4 ,IT ALSO IS NOT POSSIBLE TO PREV5T IT 
FROM ABSORB+ ALL ! ACTIVITY ( ! MOVEM5T & FROM DIV]T+ IT FROM 
REVOLUTION>Y PREP>ATION4 

#h4 ,! ELECTORAL CONQUE/ ( LOCAL GOV]NM5TAL BODIES 5TAILS 
! SAME 9CONV5I5CES AS P>LIAM5T>ISM BUT TO AN EV5 GREAT] DEGREE4 ,IT 
CANNOT BE ACCEPT$ AS A MEANS ( ACTION AGA9/ B\RGEOIS P[] = TWO 
REASONS3 

#a7 !SE LOCAL BODIES HAVE NO REAL P[] BUT >E SUBJECT$ TO 
! /ATE MA*9E1 & 

#b7 AL?\< ! ASS]TION ( ! PR9CIPLE ( LOCAL AUTONOMY CAN 
TODAY CAUSE SOME EMB>RASSM5T = ! RUL+ B\RGEOISIE1 SU* A ME?OD W\LD 
HAVE ! RESULT ( PROVID+ IT ) A BASE ( OP]ATIONS 9 ITS /RUGGLE 
AGA9/ ! E/ABLI%M5T ( PROLET>IAN P[] & IS CONTR>Y TO ! COMMUNI/ 
PR9CIPLE ( C5TRALIZ$ ACTION4 

#i4 ,9 ! REVOLUTION>Y P]IOD1 ALL ! EF=TS ( ! 
COMMUNI/S CONC5TRATE ON 5ABL+ ! ACTION ( ! MASSES TO ATTA9 A MAXIMUM 
( 9T5SITY & EFFICI5CY4 ,COMMUNI/S COMB9E PROPAG&A & REVOLUTION>Y 
PREP>ATION ) ! ORGANIZATION ( L>GE & FREQU5T PROLET>IAN 
DEMON/RATIONS ABOVE ALL 9 ! MAJOR C5T]S & /RIVE TO USE ECONOMIC 
MOVEM5TS 9 ORD] TO ORGANIZE DEMON/RATIONS ( A POLITICAL *>ACT] 9 :I* 
! PROLET>IAT REAFFIRMS & /R5G!NS ITS WILL TO OV]?R[ ! B\RGEOIS 
P[]4 

#a4 ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY C>RIES ITS PROPAG&A 9TO ! RANKS ( 
! B\RGEOIS >MY4 ,COMMUNI/ ANTI-MILIT>ISM IS NOT BAS$ ON A /]ILE 
HUMANIT>IANISM4 ,ITS AIM 9/EAD IS TO CONV9CE PROLET>IANS ?AT ! 
B\RGEOISIE >MS !M TO DEF5D ITS [N 9T]E/S & TO USE !IR =CE 
AGA9/ ! CAUSE ( ! PROLET>IAT4 

#a#a4 ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY TRA9S ITSELF TO ACT AS ! G5]AL 
/AFF ( ! PROLET>IAT 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y W>4 ,= ?IS REASON IT PREP>ES 
& ORGANIZES ITS [N NETWORK ( 9TELLIG5CE & COMMUNICATION4 ,ABOVE ALL1 IT 
SUPPORTS & ORGANIZES ! >M+ ( ! PROLET>IAT4 

#a#b4 ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY CONCLUDES NO AGREEM5TS OR ALLIANCES 
) O!R POLITICAL MOVEM5TS :I* %>E ) IT A SPECIFIC IMM$IATE 
OBJECTIVE1 BUT DIV]GE FROM IT 9 !IR PROGRAM ( FUR!R ACTION4 ,IT MU/ 
EQUALLY REFUSE ! ALLIANCE -- O!RWISE KN[N AS ! UNIT$ FRONTS 
-- ) ALL WORK+ CLASS T5D5CIES :I* ACCEPT 9SURRECTION>Y ACTION 
AGA9/ ! B\RGEOISIE BUT DIV]GE FROM ! COMMUNI/ PROGRAM 9 ! 
DEVELOPM5T ( SUBSEQU5T ACTION4 

,COMMUNI/S HAVE NO REASON TO CONSID] ! GR[? ( =CES 
T5D+ TO OV]?R[ B\RGEOIS P[] AS A FAVORABLE CONDITION :5 ! =CES 
WORK+ = ! CON/ITUTION ( PROLET>IAN P[] ON COMMUNI/ DIRECTIVES 
REMA9 9SUFFICI5T1 S9CE ONLY A COMMUNI/ LEAD]%IP CAN ASSURE ITS 
SUCCESS4 

#a#c4 ,! SOVIETS OR C\NCILS ( WORK]S1 PEASANTS & SOLDI]S1 
CON/ITUTE ! ORGANS ( PROLET>IAN P[] & CAN EX]CISE !IR TRUE FUNCTION 
ONLY AFT] ! OV]?R[ ( B\RGEOIS RULE4 

,SOVIETS >E NOT 9 !MSELVES ORGANS ( REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE4 
,!Y BECOME REVOLUTION>Y :5 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY W9S A MAJORITY )9 
!M4 

,WORK]S' C\NCILS CAN ALSO >ISE BE=E ! REVOLUTION1 9 A 
P]IOD ( ACUTE CRISIS 9 :I* ! /ATE P[] IS S]I\SLY ?REAT5$4 

,9 A REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION1 IT MAY BE NECESS>Y = ! P>TY 
TO TAKE ! 9ITIATIVE 9 =M+ SOVIETS1 BUT ?IS CANNOT BE A MEANS ( 
PRECIPITAT+ SU* A SITUATION4 ,IF ! P[] ( ! B\RGEOISIE IS 
/R5G!N$1 ! SURVIVAL ( C\NCILS CAN PRES5T A S]I\S DANG] TO ! 
REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE -- ! DANG] ( A CONCILIATION & A COMB9ATION 
( PROLET>IAN ORGANS ) ! ORGANS ( B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY4 

#a#d4 ,:AT DI/+UI%ES COMMUNI/S IS NOT ?AT1 9 EV]Y 
SITUATION & 9 EV]Y EPISODE ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE1 !Y CALL = ! 
IMM$IATE MOBILIZATION ( ALL PROLET>IAN =CES = A G5]AL 9SURRECTION4 
,:AT DI/+UI%ES !M IS ?AT !Y CLE>LY SAY ?AT ! PHASE ( 9SURRECTION 
IS AN 9EVITABLE \TCOME ( ! /RUGGLE1 & ?AT !Y PREP>E ! PROLET>IAT 
TO FACE IT 9 CONDITIONS FAVORABLE TO ! SUCCESS & ! FUR!R DEVELOPM5T 
( ! REVOLUTION4 

,DEP5D+ ON ! SITUATION -- :I* ! P>TY CAN BETT] 
ASSESS ?AN ! RE/ ( ! PROLET>IAT -- ! P>TY CAN !RE=E F9D 
ITSELF CONFRONT$ ) ! NECESSITY TO ACT 9 ORD] TO HA/5 OR TO DELAY ! 
MOM5T ( ! DECISIVE BATTLE4 ,9 ANY EV5T1 ! SPECIFIC TASK ( ! P>TY IS 
TO FI<T BO? AGA9/ ?OSE :O1 DESIR+ TO HA/5 REVOLUTION>Y ACTION AT ANY 
PRICE1 C\LD DRIVE ! PROLET>IAT 9TO DISA/]1 & AGA9/ ! OPPORTUNI/S 
:O EXPLOIT EV]Y OCCASION 9 :I* DECISIVE ACTION IS UNDESIRABLE 9 ORD] TO 
BLOCK ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T BY DIV]T+ ! ACTION ( ! MASSES T[>DS 
O!R OBJECTIVES4 ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 MU/ LEAD ! ACTION ( 
! MASSES ALWAYS FUR!R 9 AN EFFECTIVE PREP>ATION = ! F9AL & 
9EVITABLE >M$ /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! DEF5SIVE =CES ( B\RGEOIS RULE4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,M>* #c1 #bba 3 ,!SES ( ! ,AB/5TIONI/ ,COMMUNI/ ,FACTION ( ! ,ITALIAN ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #h1 #bbb 3 ,!SES ( ! ,AB/5TIONI/ ,COMMUNI/ ,FACTION ( ! ,ITALIAN ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/