,!ORY @& ,PRACTICE 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG 

,SECTIONS 7,T,O,C7 3 
     

O ,P>T #a 3 ,KAUTSKY'S POOR H&L+ ( ,MASS ,/RIKE >TICLE 

      #c1#c#c ,WORDS2 #b#a1#d#d#c ,*>ACT]S     

O ,P>T #b 3 ,KAUTSKY DISDA9S ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION>Y POT5TIAL 

      #c1#d#h#c ,WORDS2 #b#b1#h#h ,*>ACT]S     

O ,P>T #c 3 ,KAUTSKY3 ! MASS /RIKE IS 9COMPATIBLE ) ,G]MANY 

      #a1#a#c#e ,WORDS2 #g1#d#c#f ,*>ACT]S     

O ,P>T #d 3 ,RUSSIAN DEVELOPM5T CREAT$ ! MASS /RIKE 

      #b1#i#d#c ,WORDS2 #a#i1#c#h#i ,*>ACT]S     

O ,P>T #e 3 ,KAUTSKY'S !ORY3 MASS /RIKE IS A ONE-TIME EV5T 

      #b1#i#i#f ,WORDS2 #a#i1#c#i ,*>ACT]S     

O ,P>T #f 3 ,PRUSSIA3 ! MASS /RIKE >ISES FROM ! MASSES 

      #b1#i#b#i ,WORDS2 #a#h1#b#b ,*>ACT]S     

O ,PO/SCRIPT 3 ,AN ,ATTRITION OR ,COLLISION 

      #igf ,WORDS2 #f1#c#c ,*>ACT]S 

,SECTIONS 7,CONT5T7 3 

O ,P>T #a 3 ,KAUTSKY'S POOR H&L+ ( ,MASS ,/RIKE >TICLE 

,PUBLI%$3 ,GESAMMELTE ,W]KE1 ,VOL4 #b 7,B]L93 ,DIETZ ,V]LAG1 #a#i#g#b1 #a#i#g#d71 PP4 #c#d#d-#g#g1 #c#g#h-#d#b2 !Y HAVE ALSO BE5 *ECK$ AGA9/ ! MANN] 9 :I* !Y W]E PR9T$ 9 ,DIE ,NEUE ,ZEIT4 
,S\RCE3 ,NEWS @& ,LETT]S1 ,APRIL #a#i#h4 
,TRANSLAT$3 7FROM ! ,G]MAN7 ,DAVID ,WOLFF4 
,TRANSCRIPTION_/,M>KUP3 ,T$ ,CRAW=D_/,BRIAN ,BAGG9S4 
,COPYRI<T3 7,C7 #aih ,NEWS @& ,LETT]S4 ,PR9T$ ) ,P]MISSION FROM ,NEWS @& ,LETT]S4 

,! FIR/ QUE/ION :I* ! 9T]E/ ( P>TY CIRCLES DEM&S 9 \R PRES5T DISPUTE IS ?IS3 :E!R DISCUSSION ( ! MASS /RIKE WAS OB/RUCT$ 9 ! P>TY PRESS1 NAMELY 9 ,VORW>TS & ! ,NEUE ,ZEIT4 ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY D5IES ?IS1 ASS]T+ ?AT IT W\LD 0NATURALLY NEV] HAVE OCCURR$ TO HIM TO WI% TO '=BID' DISCUSSION ( ! MASS /RIKE40.<,A.> ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY WI%ES TO MISUND]/& ME4 ,WE >E OBVI\SLY NOT CONC]N$ ) A VETO ( ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY'S - A S+LE $ITOR CANNOT 0=BID0 ANY?+ - BUT ) A VETO BY ! 0HI< COMM&0 ( HIS ORIG9AL ACCEPTANCE ( MY >TICLE1 :I* WAS OBEY$ BY ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY 9 HIS SPH]E ( 9FLU5CE ! ,NEUE ,ZEIT4 

,AS = ! O!R QUE/ION - PROPAG&A = A REPUBLIC - H]E ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY ALSO D5IES ?AT HE OB/RUCT$ ME4 0,?AT W\LD NEV] HAVE OCCURR$ TO HIM4 0 ,ALL ?AT WAS 9VOLV$ WAS ONE PASSAGE AB\T A REPUBLIC 9 MY MASS /RIKE >TICLE1 0:OSE WORD+ SEEM$ 9EXP$I5T0 TO ! $ITORS ( ! ,NEUE ,ZEIT4 ,I MYSELF !N HAD MY >TICLE PUBLI%$ 9 ! ,DORTMUND ,>BEIT]-,ZEITUNG4 0,BUT 9 VA9 WILL ONE SE>* ?IS >TICLE = ?AT PASSAGE AB\T A REPUBLIC40 ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY HAS 0NOT NOTIC$0 ?AT ,I HAD PUBLI%$ ?IS PASSAGE SOME:]E ELSE4 0,! C[>DLY VEIL+ ( PR9CIPLES ) :I* ,COMRADE ,LUXEMBURG REPROA*ES US1 0 HE CONCLUDES1 0IS !RE=E R$UC$ TO ?IS3 ?AT WE OBJECT$ TO ONE PASSAGE 9 H] >TICLE1 :I* %E H]SELF HAS VOLUNT>ILY DROPP$ S9CE !N4 ,SU* /RATEGY IS NO PIECE ( H]OISM1 ,OCTAVIA60 

,9 ?IS REPRES5TATION ( ! FACTS1 :I* PLACES ME 9 SU* A RIDICUL\S LI<T1 ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY HAS FALL5 VICTIM TO S+UL> ]RORS4 ,9 REALITY IT WAS NOT AT ALL A QUE/ION ( 0ONE PASSAGE0 & ! POSSIBLE DANG] ( ITS 0WORD+03 IT WAS A QUE/ION ( ! CONT5T1 ( ! SLOGAN ( A REPUBLIC & ! AGITATION = IT - & ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY MU/ EXCUSE ME1 9 ! PREC>I\S POSITION 9 :I* HIS PRES5TATION ( ! CASE HAS LEFT ME1 IF ,I CALL UPON HIM AS *IEF WITNESS & RESCU] 9 MY GREATE/ NE$4 ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY WROTE ME ?IS AFT] HE RECEIV$ MY MASS /RIKE >TICLE3 

,Y\R >TICLE IS V]Y BEAUTIFUL & V]Y IMPORTANT1 ,I AM NOT 9 AGREEM5T ) EV]Y?+ & RES]VE ! RI<T TO POLEMIZE AGA9/ IT4 ,TODAY ,I DON'T HAVE TIME TO DO SO 9 WRIT+4 ,5\<1 ,I GLADLY ACCEPT ! >TICLE IF Y\ DELETE PAGES #bi TO ! 5D4 ,UND] NO CIRCUM/ANCES C\LD ,I PR9T ?IS4 ,EV5 Y\R PO9T ( DEP>TURE IS FALSE4 ,!RE IS NOT ONE WORD 9 \R PROGRAM AB\T A REPUBLIC4 ,NOT \T ( OV]SI<T1 NOT BECAUSE ( $ITORIAL CAPRICE1 BUT ON WELL-CONSID]$ GR\NDS4 ,LIKEWISE ! ,GO?A ,PROGRAM SAID NO?+ ( A REPUBLIC1 & ,M>X1 AS MU* AS HE CONDEMN$ ?IS PROGRAM1 ACKN[L$G$ 9 HIS LETT] ?AT IT W\LDN'T DO TO OP5LY DEM& A REPUBLIC 7,NEUE ,ZEIT1 #a1 P4#e#g#c74 ,5GELS SPOKE ON ! SAME MATT] REG>D+ ! ,]FURT ,PROGRAM 7,NEUE ,ZEIT1 ,X,X1 #a1 P4#a#a7 .<,B.> 

,I DON'T HAVE TIME TO SET =? TO Y\ ! GR\NDS :I* ,M>X & ,5GELS1 ,BEBEL & ,LIEBKNE*T ACKN[L$G$ TO BE S\ND4 ,5\<1 ?AT :AT Y\ WANT IS AN 5TIRELY NEW AGITATION :I* UNTIL N[ HAS ALWAYS BE5 REJECT$4 ,?IS NEW AGITATION1 H[EV]1 IS ! SORT WE HAVE NO BUS9ESS DISCUSS+ SO OP5LY4 ,) Y\R >TICLE Y\ WANT TO PROCLAIM ON Y\R [N HOOK1 AS A S+LE 9DIVIDUAL1 AN 5TIRELY NEW AGITATION :I* ! P>TY HAS ALWAYS REJECT$4 ,WE CANNOT & WILL NOT PROCE$ 9 ?IS MANN]4 ,A S+LE P]SONALITY1 H[EV] HI< %E MAY /&1 CANNOT PULL (F A FAIT ACCOMPLI ON H] [N HOOK :I* CAN HAVE UN=ESEEABLE CONSEQU5CES = ! P>TY4 

,IT GOES ON 9 ! SAME VE9 = AB\T ANO!R TWO PAGES4 

,! 05TIRELY NEW AGITATION1 0 :I* C\LD HAVE 0UN=ESEEABLE CONSEQU5CES0 = ! P>TY1 HAD ! FOLL[+ WORD+3 

,UNIV]SAL1 EQUAL DIRECT SUFFRAGE = ALL ADULTS1 )\T DI/9CTION ( SEX1 IS ! IMM$IATE GOAL :I* 5SURES US ! 5?USIA/IC AGREEM5T ( ! BROADE/ /RATA AT ! PRES5T MOM5T4 ,BUT ?IS GOAL IS NOT ! ONLY ONE :I* WE MU/ N[ PREA*4 ,AS LONG AS WE ANSW] ! 9FAM\S ELECTORAL RE=M BUNGL+ ( ! GOV]NM5T & ! B\RGEOIS P>TIES BY PROCLAIM+ ! SLOGAN ( A TRULY DEMOCRATIC ELECTORAL SY/EM1 WE /ILL F9D \RSELVES - TAK+ ! POLITICAL SITUATION AS A :OLE - ON ! DEF5SIVE4 ,9 ACCORD ) ! GOOD OLD PR9CIPLE ( EV]Y REAL BATTLE TACTIC1 ?AT A P[]FUL BL[ IS ! BE/ DEF5SE1 WE MU/ ANSW] ! EV] MORE 9SOL5T PROVOCATIONS ( ! REIGN+ REACTION BY TURN+ ! TABLES 9 \R AGITATION & GO+ OV] TO A %>P ATTACK ALL ALONG ! L9E4 ,?IS CAN BE DONE 9 ! MO/ VISIBLE1 CLE>1 & SO TO SPEAK1 LAPID>Y =M IF \R AGITATION CLE>LY *AMPIONS ! FOLL[+ DEM&1 :I* ! FIR/ PO9T \R POLITICAL PROGRAM LEADS TO3 ! DEM& = A REPUBLIC4 

,UP TILL N[ ! WAT*WORD REPUBLIC HAS PLAY$ A LIMIT$ ROLE 9 \R AGITATION4 ,!RE W]E GOOD REASONS = ?IS3 \R P>TY WI%$ TO SAVE ! ,G]MAN WORK+ CLASS FROM ?OSE B\RGEOIS1 OR RA!R PETTY B\RGEOIS REPUBLICAN ILLUSIONS :I* W]E 7= EXAMPLE7 SO DISA/R\S 9 ! HI/ORY ( ,FR5* SOCIALISM1 & /ILL >E TODAY4 ,FROM ! BEG9N+1 ! PROLET>IAN /RUGGLE 9 ,G]MANY WAS CONSI/5TLY & RESOLUTELY DIRECT$ NOT AGA9/ ?IS OR ?AT =M & EXCRESC5CE ( CLASS SOCIETY 9 P>TICUL>1 BUT AGA9/ CLASS SOCIETY AS SU*2 9/EAD ( SPL9T]+ 9TO ANTI-MILIT>ISM1 ANTI-MON>*ISM1 & O!R PETTY B\RGEOIS 0ISMS10 IT CON/ANTLY BUILT ITSELF AS ANTI-CAPITALISM1 MORTAL 5EMY ( ! EXI/+ ORD] 9 ALL ITS EXCRESC5CES & =MS1 :E!R UND] ! CLOAK ( MON>*Y OR REPUBLIC4 ,& ?R\< =TY YE>S' RADICAL LABOR ( 5LI<T5M5T1 WE HAVE SUCCE$$ 9 MAK+ ?IS CONVICTION ! 5DUR+ POSSESSION ( ! AWAK5$ ,G]MAN PROLET>IAT3 ?AT ! BE/ B\RGEOIS REPUBLIC IS NO LESS A CLASS /ATE & BULW>K ( CAPITALI/ EXPLOITATION ?AN ! PRES5T MON>*Y1 & ?AT ONLY ! ABOLITION ( ! WAGE SY/EM & CLASS RULE 9 EV]Y =M1 & NOT ! \TW>D %[ ( 0POPUL> SOV]EIGNTY0 9 A B\RGEOIS REPUBLIC1 CAN MAT]IALLY ALT] ! CONDITION ( ! PROLET>IAT4 

,WELL !N1 IT IS JU/ BECAUSE ! =TY-YE> LABOR ( ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY HAS BE5 SU* A FUNDAM5TAL PROPHYLAXIS AGA9/ ! DANG]S ( REPUBLICAN PETTY B\RGEOIS ILLUSIONS 9 ,G]MANY ?AT TODAY WE CAN CALMLY MAKE A PLACE 9 \R AGITATION = ! =EMO/ PR9CIPLE ( \R POLITICAL PROGRAM1 A PLACE ?AT IS ITS DUE BY RI<T4 ,BY PU%+ =W>D ! REPUBLICAN *>ACT] ( ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY WE W91 ABOVE ALL1 ONE MORE OPPORTUNITY TO ILLU/RATE 9 A PALPABLE1 POPUL> FA%ION \R PR9CIPL$ OPPOSITION AS A CLASS P>TY ( ! PROLET>IAT TO ! UNIT$ CAMP ( ALL B\RGEOIS P>TIES4 ,= ! FRI<T5+ D[NFALL ( B\RGEOIS LIB]ALISM 9 ,G]MANY IS REVEAL$ MO/ DRA/ICALLY 9 ITS ,BYZANT9E G5UFLECTION TO ! MON>*Y1 9 :I* LIB]AL BURG]DOM RUNS ONLY A NOSE BEH9D CONS]VATIVE ,JUNK]DOM4 

,BUT ?IS IS NOT 5\<4 ,! G5]AL /ATE ( ,G]MANY'S DOME/IC & =EIGN POLITICS 9 REC5T YE>S PO9TS TO ! MON>*Y AS ! C5T]1 OR AT LEA/ ! \TW>D1 VISIBLE HEAD ( ! REIGN+ REACTION4 ,! SEMI-ABSOLUTE MON>*Y ) ITS P]SONAL AU?ORITY HAS =M$ = A QU>T] C5TURY1 & ) EV]Y YE> MORE SO1 ! /RON<OLD ( MILIT>ISM1 ! DRIV+ =CE ( BATTLE%IP DIPLOMACY1 ! LEAD+ SPIRIT ( GEOPOLITICAL ADV5TURE1 JU/ AS IT HAS BE5 ! %IELD ( ,JUNK]DOM 9 ,PRUSSIA & ! BULW>K ( ! ASC5DANCY ( ,PRUSSIA'S POLITICAL BACKW>DNESS 9 ! 5TIRE ,REI*3 IT IS F9ALLY1 SO TO SPEAK1 ! P]SONAL SWORN FOE ( ! WORK+ CLASS & ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY4 

,9 ,G]MANY1 ! SLOGAN ( A REPUBLIC IS ?US 9F9ITELY MORE ?AN ! EXPRESSION ( A BEAUTIFUL DREAM ( DEMOCRATIC 0PEOPLES' GOV]NM5T10 OR POLITICAL DOCTR9AIRISM FLOAT+ 9 ! CL\DS3 IT IS A PRACTICAL W> CRY AGA9/ MILIT>ISM1 NAVALISM1 COLONIALISM1 GEOPOLITICS1 ,JUNK] RULE1 ! ,PRUSSIANIZATION ( ,G]MANY2 IT IS ONLY A CONSEQU5CE & DRA/IC SUMMATION ( \R DAILY BATTLE AGA9/ ALL 9DIVIDUAL MANIFE/ATIONS ( ! REIGN+ REACTION4 ,9 P>TICUL>1 ! MO/ REC5T EV5TS PO9T /RAI<T 9 ! SAME DIRECTION3 ,JUNK]DOM'S ?REATS 9 ! ,REI*/AG ( AN ABSOLUTI/ C\P D'ETAT & ! ,REI* ,*ANCELLOR'S 9SOL5T ATTACKS ON ,REI*/AG VOT+ RI<TS 9 ! ,PRUSSIAN ,L&TAG1 AS WELL AS ! R$EMPTION ( ! 0ROYAL PL$GE0 ON ! QUE/ION ( ,PRUSSIAN SUFFRAGE ?R\< ! ,BE?MANN RE=M BILL4 

,) A CLE> CONSCI5CE ,I CAN H]E SET =? ?IS 05TIRELY NEW AGITATION10 AS IT HAS ALREADY APPE>$ 9 PR9T )\T CAUS+ ! P>TY ! SLI<TE/ 9JURY 9 BODY & S\L4 ,AL?\< ,I HAD AGRE$ 7) A SI<1 TO BE SURE1 BUT ) RESIGNATION7 TO DELETE ! SECTION ON ! REPUBLIC1 ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY F9ALLY RETURN$ ! :OLE MASS /RIKE >TICLE TO ME4 ,)\T ALT]+ A WORD ,I PUBLI%$ ! 9T]DICT$ PAGES 0#b#i TO ! 5D10 FURNI%$ ) AN 9TRODUCTION & CONCLUSION1 AS A SELF-SUFFICI5T >TICLE 9 ! ,BRESLAU ,VOLKSWA*T ( ,M>* #be UND] ! TITLE ,A ,TIME = ,S[+3 :]EUPON IT WAS REPR9T$ BY A /R+ ( P>TY PAP]S - TO MY RECOLLECTION 9 ,DORTMUND1 ,BREM51 ,HALLE1 ,ELB]FELD1 ,KONIGSB]G1 & 9 ,?UR+IAN PAP]S4 ,?AT IS C]TA9LY NO PIECE ( H]OISM ON MY P>T3 IT'S JU/ MY T\< LUCK ?AT ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY'S READ+ ( ! P>TY PRESS AT ?AT TIME WAS AS DESULTORY AS HIS CONSID]ATION ( ! P>TY'S POSITION REG>D+ ! SLOGAN ( A REPUBLIC4 ,IF HE HAD1 LET US SAY1 MORE MATURELY CONSID]$ ! SUBJECT1 HE C\LD NOT POSSIBLY HAVE MOBILIZ$ ,M>X & ,5GELS AGA9/ ME ON ! QUE/ION ( A REPUBLIC4 ,5GELS' >TICLE TO :I* ,KAUTSKY REF]S IS ! CRITIQUE ( ! P>TY LEAD]%IP'S DRAFT ( ! ,]FURT ,PROGRAM ( #a#h#i#a4 ,H]E ,5GELS SAYS 9 ,SECTION ,I,I1 ,POLITICAL ,DEM&S3 

,! DRAFT'S POLITICAL DEM&S HAVE ONE GREAT FLAW4 ,:AT ACTUALLY %\LD HAVE BE5 SAID IS NOT !RE4 ,IF ALL !SE T5 DEM&S W]E CONC$$ WE W\LD 9DE$ HAVE DIV]SE FUR!R MEANS TO C>RY ! MA9 POLITICAL PO9T1 BUT 9 NO WAY ! MA9 PO9T ITSELF4 

,5GELS SUB/ANTIATES ! URG5T NE$ TO CL>IFY ?IS 0MA9 PO9T0 ( ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY'S POLITICAL DEM&S ) AN ALLUSION TO ! 0OPPORTUNISM PREVAL5T 9 A GREAT P>T ( ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC PRESS40 ,!N HE CONT9UES3 

,:AT !N >E !SE TICKLI%1 BUT V]Y ESS5TIAL PO9TS8 

,FIR/4 ,IF ANY?+ IS C]TA91 IT IS ?IS3 ?AT \R P>TY & ! WORK+ CLASS CAN ONLY COME TO P[] UND] ! =M ( A DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC4 ,?IS IS EV5 ! SPECIFIC =M = ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT1 AS ! GREAT ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION HAS ALREADY %[N4 ,IT IS SURELY UN?9KABLE ?AT \R BE/ PEOPLE %\LD1 LIKE ,MIQUEL1 BECOME M9I/]S UND] A ,KAIS]4 ,AT PRES5T IT SEEMS ?AT LEGALLY1 IT WON'T DO TO SET A DEM& = A REPUBLIC DIRECTLY 9 ! PROGRAM - AL?\< ?IS WAS ADMISSIBLE EV5 UND] ,L\IS ,PHILIPPE 9 ,FRANCE1 JU/ AS IT N[ IS 9 ,ITALY4 ,BUT ! FACT ?AT ONE CANNOT EV5 DRAW UP AN OP5LY REPUBLICAN P>TY PROGRAM 9 ,G]MANY PROVES H[ COLOSSAL ! ILLUSION IS1 ?AT WE CAN G5IALLY1 PEACEFULLY 9/ALL A REPUBLIC !RE - & NOT ONLY A REPUBLIC1 BUT COMMUNI/ SOCIETY4 

,9 ANY CASE1 = ! TIME BE+ WE CAN SIDE-/EP ! QUE/ION ( A REPUBLIC4 ,BUT 9 MY OP9ION1 :AT %\LD & CAN BE 9CLUD$ IS ! DEM& = CONC5TRATION ( ALL POLITICAL P[] 9 ! H&S ( ! PEOPLE'S REPRES5TATIVES4 ,& = ! PRES5T ?AT W\LD BE SUFFICI5T1 IF ONE CAN GO NO FUR!R4 

,SECOND4 ,! RECON/ITUTION ( ,G]MANY 444 

,SO1 !N1 A UNIFI$ REPUBLIC 444 

,ON ALL !SE SUBJECTS1 NOT MU* CAN BE SAID 9 ! PROGRAM4 ,I CALL ?IS TO Y\R ATT5TION *IEFLY TO *>ACT]IZE BO? ! SITUATION 9 ,G]MANY1 :]E IT WILL NOT DO SAY SU* ?+S1 & ! SELF-DELUSION ?AT W\LD TRANS=M ?IS SITUATION 9TO A COMMUNI/ SOCIETY BY LEGAL MEANS4 ,& FUR!R1 TO REM9D ! P>TY EXECUTIVE ?AT !RE >E /ILL MORE WEI<TY POLITICAL QUE/IONS BESIDES DIRECT LEGISLATION BY ! PEOPLE & ! FREE ADM9I/RATION ( JU/ICE BE=E WE REA* ! 5D4 ,) ! UNIV]SAL 9/ABILITY ANY ( !SE QUE/IONS C\LD CAT* FIRE OV]NI<T3 & :AT !N1 IF WE HAVE NEV] DISCUSS$1 NEV] COME TO AN UND]/&+ ON !M4 

,WE SEE ?AT ,5GELS P]CEIVES 0ONE GREAT FLAW0 9 ! P>TY PROGRAM3 ?AT IT DOES NOT 9CLUDE ! DEM& = A REPUBLIC1 SOLELY ON ! BASIS ( CATEGORICAL REPRES5TATIONS FROM ,G]MANY ?AT1 = POLITICAL REASONS1 SU* ?+S W]E \T ( ! QUE/ION4 ,) VISIBLE DISCOM=T & V>I\S MISGIV+S1 HE DECIDES TO BITE ! S\R APPLE & 09 ANY CASE0 TO 0SIDE/EP0 ! DEM& = A REPUBLIC4 ,BUT :AT HE UNQUALIFI$LY DECL>ES TO BE ESS5TIAL IS DISCUSSION ( ! SLOGAN ( A REPUBLIC 9 ! P>TY PRESS3 

,Y\ !RE CAN JUDGE BETT] ?AN ,I CAN H]E1 :E!R IT IS POSSIBLE TO FUR!R =MULATE ! ABOVE-M5TION$ PO9TS AS PROGRAM DEM&S4 ,BUT IT W\LD BE DESIRABLE ?AT !SE QUE/IONS BE DEBAT$ )9 ! P>TY BE=E IT IS TOO LATE4 .<,NEUE ,ZEIT ,X,X1 #a1 PP4#a#a-#a#b4.> 

,?IS 0POLITICAL TE/AM5T0 ( ,FRI$RI* ,5GELS WAS1 LET US SAY1 PECULI>LY 9T]PRET$ BY ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY :5 HE BANN$ DISCUSSION ( ! NECESSITY ( AGITATION = A REPUBLIC FROM ! ,NEUE ,ZEIT AS AN 05TIRELY NEW AGITATION0 :I* ALLEG$LY 0UNTIL N[ HAS ALWAYS BE5 REJECT$ BY ! P>TY40 

,AS = ,M>X1 9 HIS CRITIQUE ( ! ,GO?A ,PROGRAM HE W5T SO F> AS TO DECL>E ?AT IF IT W]E NOT POSSIBLE TO OP5LY ADVANCE A REPUBLIC AS ! PROGRAM'S =EMO/ POLITICAL DEM&1 !N ALL ! DEM&S = DEMOCRATIC DETAILS %\LD HAVE BE5 OMITT$ AS WELL4 ,HE WROTE1 REG>D+ ! ,GO?A ,PROGRAM3 

,ITS POLITICAL DEM&S 9CLUDE NO?+ BEYOND ! OLD1 WELL-KN[N DEMOCRATIC LITANY3 UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE1 DIRECT LEGISLATION1 HUMAN RI<TS1 A PEOPLE'S MILITIA1 ETC4 444 

,BUT ONE ?+ HAS BE5 =GOTT54 ,S9CE ! ,G]MAN WORK]S' P>TY EXPRESSLY DECL>ES ?AT IT ACTS )9 0! PRES5T NATION /ATE10 & H5CE ITS [N /ATE1 ! ,PRUSSO-,G]MAN ,EMPIRE 4441 IT %\LD NOT HAVE =GOTT5 ! MA9 PO9T3 ?AT ALL !SE PRETTY LITTLE ?+S RE/ ON RECOGNITION ( ! SO-CALL$ 0POPUL> SOV]EIGNTY10 ?AT !Y >E !RE=E ONLY APPROPRIATE TO A DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC4 ,S9CE Y\ DO NOT FEEL Y\RSELVES 9 ! POSITION - & WISELY1 = ! CIRCUM/ANCES DEM& CAUTION.<#a.> - TO DEM& A DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC AS ! ,FR5* WORK]S' PROGRAMS DID UND] ,L\IS ,PHILIPPE & ,L\IS ,NAPOLEON1 Y\ %\LD NOT HAVE TRI$ TO HIDE BEH9D ! 4 4 4 DODGE .<! DOTS >E SUB/ITUT$ = A BOI/]\S ADJECTIVE ( ,M>X'S - ,R4,L4.> ( DEM&+ ?+S :I* ONLY MAKE S5SE 9 A DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC1 FROM A /ATE :I* IS NO?+ BUT A MILIT>Y DESPOTISM EMBELLI%$ ) P>LIAM5T>Y =MS1 ALLOY$ ) A FEUDAL ADMIXTURE1 OBVI\SLY 9FLU5C$ BY ! B\RGEOISIE1 %OR$ UP ) A BUREAUCRACY1 & WAT*$ OV] BY ! POLICE4 

,EV5 VULG> DEMOCRACY :I* SEES ! MILL5NIUM 9 ! DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC & HAS NO SUSPICION1 ?AT IT IS 9 JU/ ?IS LA/ /ATE =M ( B\RGEOIS SOCIETY ?AT ! CLASS /RUGGLE WILL BE F\<T \T TO ! 5D - EV5 IT T[]S M\NTA9-HI< OV] ?IS SORT ( DEMOCRATISM )9 ! LIMITS ( ! POLICE-P]MITT$ & ! LOGICALLY IMP]MISSIBLE4 .<,NEUE ,ZEIT ,I,X1 #a1 P4#e#g#c4.> 

,?US1 ,M>X TOO SPOKE AN 5TIRELY DIFF]5T LANGUAGE 9 PUNCTO REPUBLIC4 ,%ORTLY BE=E & AFT] ! ,ANTI-,SOCIALI/ LAW WAS 9 EFFECT1 ,M>X1 LIKE ,5GELS1 ALL[$ - ON ! /R5G? ( ASSURANCES FROM ,G]MANY - ?AT P]HAPS IT W\LDN'T DO1 TO =MALLY ADVANCE ! DEM& = A REPUBLIC 9 ! PROGRAM4 ,BUT ?AT TODAY1 A QU>T] C5TURY LAT]1 ?IS DEM& 9 ! AGITATION 7& ?AT IS ALL WE >E CONC]N$ ) H]E7 %\LD PASS = SOME?+ 05TIRELY NEW0 & UNHE>D ( - ?AT IS SURELY SOME?+ :I* NEI!R ( !M C\LD HAVE DREAM$4 

,TO BE SURE1 ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY PO9TS \T ?AT HE HAS ALREADY PROPAG&IZ$ = A REPUBLIC 9 ! ,NEUE ,ZEIT1 9 A MANN] 0TOTALLY DIFF]5T0 FROM ?AT 9 :I* ,I1 9 MY H>MLESS WAY1 DO SO N[4 ,HE MU/ KN[ MORE AB\T IT ?AN ,I3 9 ?IS CASE MY MEMORY SEEMS TO FAIL ME4 ,BUT IS MORE CONCLUSIVE PRO( REQUIR$ ?AN ! MO/ REC5T EV5TS1 ?AT 9 ?IS MATT] ! ESS5TIAL ?+1 ! FOLL[-UP 9 PRACTICE1 WAS NOT DONE8 ,! 9CREASE ( ! ,PRUSSIAN CIVIL LI/.<,C.> (F]$ ONCE AGA9 ! MO/ SPL5DID OPPORTUNITY IMAG9ABLE1 & AT ! SAME TIME LAID ! UND5IABLE DUTY ON ! P>TY TO S\ND ! SLOGAN ( A REPUBLIC L\D & CLE>1 & TO LOOK TO ITS PROPAG&A4 ,! 9SOL5T *ALL5GE ( ?IS GOV]NM5T BILL1 FOLL[+ ! IGNOM9I\S 5D ( ! SUFFRAGE BILL1 %\LD HAVE BE5 UNCONDITIONALLY ANSW]$ BY UNFOLD+ ! POLITICAL FUNCTION ( ! MON>*Y & ITS P]SONAL AU?ORITY 9 ,PRUSSO-,G]MANY2 BY EMPHASIZ+ ITS CONNECTION ) MILIT>ISM1 NAVALISM1 & ! SOCIAL-POLITICAL /ASIS2 BY RECALL+ ! FAM\S 0DISC\RSES0 & 0REM>KS0' ON ! 0RABBLE ( ! PEOPLE0 & ! 0COMPOTE DI%02 BY RECALL+ ! 0P5IT5TI>Y BILL02.<,D.> BY REVEAL+ ! MON>*Y AS ! VISIBLE EXPRESSION ( ! 5TIRE IMP]IAL ,G]MAN REACTION4 

,! PA!TIC UNANIMITY ( ALL B\RGEOIS P>TIES 9 !IR ,BYZANT9E H&L+ ( ! BILL DRA/ICALLY %[S ONCE AGA91 ?AT 9 TODAY'S ,G]MANY ! SLOGAN ( A REPUBLIC HAS BECOME ! %IBBOLE? ( CLASS DIVISION1 ! WAT*WORD ( CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,( ALL ?IS1 NO?+ 9 ! ,NEUE ,ZEIT OR 9 ,VORW>TS4 ,! 9CREASE ( ! CIVIL LI/ IS NOT APPROA*$ FROM ! POLITICAL SIDE3 IT IS TREAT$ *IEFLY AS A FISCAL QUE/ION1 AS A QUE/ION ( ! ,HOH5ZOLL]N FAMILY 9COME1 & ?IS IS DILAT$ UPON ) MORE OR LESS WIT4 ,BUT NOT ONE SYLLABLE 9 \R TWO LEAD+ ORGANS HAS *AMPION$ ! SLOGAN ( A REPUBLIC4 

,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY IS A MORE QUALIFI$ ,M>XIAN S*OL> ?AN ,I3 HE %\LD KN[ BETT]1 :AT PO9T$ ADJECTIVE ,M>X W\LD HAVE APPLI$ TO ?IS 0DODGE0 & ?IS SORT ( REPUBLICANISM 0)9 ! LIMITS ( ! POLICE-P]MITT$ & LOGICALLY IMP]MISSIBLE40 

,?US ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY IS 9 ]ROR :5 HE SAYS ,I 0BEWAIL MYSELF0 ( BE+ 0BADLY H&L$0 BY ! $ITORS ( ! ,NEUE ,ZEIT4 ,I F9D ONLY ?AT ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY HAS H&L$ HIMSELF BADLY4 

,NEXT3 ,P>T #b 

.<#a.>NOTA B5E1 ,M>X WROTE ?IS #ce YE>S AGO 9 ! ]A ( ,TESS5DORF1 UND] ! ADVANC+ %AD[ ( ! ONCOM+ ,ANTI-,SOCIALI/ ,LAW - ,R4,L4 .<,$ITOR'S NOTE3 ,H]MANN ,TESS5DORF WAS ,B]L9 PUBLIC PROSECUTOR FROM #ahgc TO #ahgi & BECAME 9FAM\S AS ORGANIZ] ( ! LEGAL P]SECUTION ( SOCIALI/S4 ,! ,EXCEPTIONAL ,P[]S ,LAW 7,AUSNAHMEGESETZ71 BETT] KN[N AS ! 0,ANTI-,SOCIALI/ ,LAW10 WAS 9 =CE FROM #ah< TO #a#h#i2 IT PLAC$ EXTREME RE/RICTIONS ON ASSOCIATION1 SPEE*1 & ! PRESS4.> 

.<,A.> ,K4 ,KAUTSKY1 ,A ,NEW ,/RATEGY1 ,NEUE ,ZEIT ,X,X,V,I,I,I1 #b 7#a-#b#d ,JUNE #a#i#a73 PP4 #c#c#b-#d#a1 #c#f#d-#g#d1 #d#a#b-#b#a4 ,UNLESS O!RWISE NOT$1 ALL QUOTATIONS FROM ,KAUTSKY'S WRIT+S >E FROM ?IS >TICLE4 

.<,B.> ,FRI$RI* ,5GELS1 ,A ,CRITIQUE ( ! ,DRAFT ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,PROGRAM ( #a#h#i#a4 

.<,C.> ,ON ,JUNE #i1 #a#i#a1 A BILL RAIS+ ! CR[N DONATION WAS PASS$ 9 ! ,PRUSSIAN L[] H\SE3 IT GRANT$ ! ,PRUSSIAN C\RT AN ADDITIONAL #c4#e MILLION M>KS1 PLAC+ AT ITS DISPOSAL A TOTAL ( #a#i4#b MILLION M>KS P] YE> ( /ATE FUNDS4 

.<,D.> ,A GOV]NM5T SPONSOR$ BILL 0= SAFEGU>D+ 9DU/RIAL WORK+ CONDITIONS0 WAS DEFEAT$ 9 ! ,REI*/AG 9 #ahii ) ! AID ( VIOL5T MASS ACTIONS3 IT HAD BE5 DUBB$ ! 0P5IT5TI>Y BILL0 BECAUSE IT PROPOS$ ! ABOLITION ( ! RI<TS TO ORGANIZE & /RIKE4 

O ,P>T #b 3 ,KAUTSKY DISDA9S ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION>Y POT5TIAL 

,& N[ TO ! MASS /RIKE4 ,TO EXPLA9 HIS UNEXPECT$ /& AGA9/ ! SLOGAN ( ! MASS /RIKE 9 ! LATE/ ,PRUSSIAN VOT+ RI<TS CAMPAIGN1 ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY CREAT$ A :OLE !ORY ( TWO /RATEGIES3 ! 0/RATEGY ( OV]?R[0 & ! 0/RATEGY ( ATTRITION40 ,N[ ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY GOES A /EP F>!R1 & CON/RUCTS AD HOC YET ANO!R :OLE NEW !ORY ( ! CONDITIONS = POLITICAL MASS /RIKES 9 ,RUSSIA & 9 ,G]MANY4 

,HE BEG9S ) G5]AL REFLECTIONS ON ! DECEPTIV5ESS ( HI/ORICAL EXAMPLES1 & H[ PLAUSIBLY ONE CAN1 ) 9SUFFICI5T CAUTION1 F9D APPROPRIATE JU/IFICATION 9 HI/ORY = ALL /RATEGIES1 ME?ODS1 AIMS1 9/ITUTIONS1 & E>?LY ?+S 9 G5]AL4 ,!SE OBS]VATIONS1 ( A H>MLESS NATURE 9 !IR 9ITIAL BREAD? & G5]ALITY1 SOON %[ !IR LESS ?AN H>MLESS T5D5CY & PURPOSE 9 ?IS =MULATION3 ?AT IT IS 0ESPECIALLY DANG]\S TO APPEAL TO REVOLUTION>Y EXAMPLES40 ,!SE W>N+S1 9 SPIRIT SOME:AT REM9ISC5T ( ,COMRADE ,FROHME'S FA!RLY ADMONITIONS1 >E DIRECT$ SPECIFICALLY AGA9/ ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION .<( #a#i#e.>4 ,!REUPON FOLL[S A !ORY 9T5D$ TO %[ & PROVE ! TOTAL ANTI!SIS ( ,RUSSIA & ,G]MANY3 ,RUSSIA1 :]E CONDITIONS = ! MASS /RIKE EXI/ & ,G]MANY1 :]E !Y DO NOT4 

,9 ,RUSSIA WE HAVE ! WEAKE/ GOV]NM5T 9 ! WORLD1 9 ,G]MANY ! /RONGE/2 9 ,RUSSIA AN UNSUCCESSFUL W> ) A SMALL ,ASIAN L&1 9 ,G]MANY ! 0GLORY ( ALMO/ A C5TURY ( CONT9U\S VICTORIES OV] ! /RONGE/ GREAT P[]S 9 ! WORLD40 ,9 ,RUSSIA WE HAVE ECONOMIC BACKW>DNESS & A PEASANTRY :I*1 UNTIL #a#i#e1 BELIEV$ 9 ! ,CZ> LIKE A GOD2 9 ,G]MANY WE HAVE ! HI<E/ ECONOMIC DEVELOPM5T1 & ) IT ! CONC5TRAT$ MI<T ( ! C>TELS :I* SUPPRESSES ! WORK+ MASSES ?R\< ! MO/ RU?LESS T]RORISM4 ,9 ,RUSSIA WE HAVE ! TOTAL ABS5CE ( POLITICAL FRE$OM2 9 ,G]MANY WE HAVE POLITICAL FRE$OM :I* PROVIDES ! WORK]S V>I\S 0SAFE0 =MS = !IR PROTE/ & /RUGGLE1 & H5CE !Y 0>E TOTALLY PREOCCUPI$ ) ORGANIZATIONS1 MEET+S1 ! PRESS1 & ELECTIONS ( ALL SORTS40 ,& ! RESULT ( !SE CONTRA/S IS ?IS3 9 ,RUSSIA ! /RIKE WAS ! ONLY POSSIBLE =M ( PROLET>IAN /RUGGLE1 & !RE=E ! /RIKE WAS 9 ITSELF A VICTORY1 EV5 ?\< IT WAS PLANLESS & 9EFFECTUAL - & FUR!R1 BECAUSE /RIKES W]E =BIDD51 EV]Y /RIKE WAS 9 ITSELF A POLITICAL ACT4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE - H]E ! ,G]MAN S*EMA IS EXT5D$ TO ALL ( ,WE/]N ,EUROPE - SU* 0AMORPH\S1 PRIMITIVE /RIKES0 HAVE LONG BE5 \TMOD$3 H]E ONE ONLY /RIKES :5 A POSITIVE RESULT CAN BE EXPECT$4 

,! MORAL ( ALL ?IS IS ?AT ! LONG REVOLUTION>Y P]IOD ( MASS /RIKES1 9 :I* ECONOMIC & POLITICAL ACTION1 DEMON/RATION & FI<T+ /RIKES CONT9U\SLY ALT]NATE & >E TRANS=M$ ONE 9TO ! O!R1 IS A SPECIFIC PRODUCT ( ,RUSSIAN BACKW>DNESS4 ,9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 & ESPECIALLY 9 ,G]MANY1 EV5 A DEMON/RATION MASS /RIKE LIKE HE ,RUSSIAN ONES W\LD BE EXTREMELY DIFFICULT1 ALMO/ IMPOSSIBLE1 0NOT 9 SPITE1 BUT BECAUSE ( ! HALF-C5TURY OLD SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T40 ,AS A MEANS ( /RUGGLE1 ! POLITICAL MASS /RIKE C\LD ONLY EMPLOY$ H]E 9 A S+LE1 F9AL BATTLE 0TO ! DEA?0 - & !RE=E ONLY :5 ! QUE/ION1 = ! PROLET>IAT1 WAS TO CONQU] OR DIE4 

,9 PASS+ ONLY1 ,I WI% TO PO9T \T ?AT ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY'S DEPICTION ( ! ,RUSSIAN SITUATION IS1 9 ! MO/ IMPORTANT PO9TS1 AN ALMO/ TOTAL REV]SAL ( ! TRU?4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ! ,RUSSIAN PEASANTRY DID NOT SUDD5LY BEG9 TO REBEL 9 #a#i#e4 ,FROM ! SO-CALL$ EMANCIPATION ( ! S]FS 9 #a#h#f#a1 ) A S+LE PAUSE BETWE5 #ahhe & #a#h#i#e1 PEASANT UPRIS+S RUN LIKE A R$ ?READ ?R\< ! 9T]NAL HI/ORY ( ,RUSSIA3 UPRIS+S AGA9/ ! L&[N]S AS WELL AS VIOL5T RESI/ANCE TO ! ORGANS ( GOV]NM5T4 ,IT IS ?IS :I* OCCASION$ ! ,M9I/] ( ,9T]IOR'S WELL-KN[N CIRCUL> LETT] ( #ahih :I* PLAC$ ! 5TIRE ,RUSSIAN PEASANTRY UND] M>TIAL LAW4 ,! NEW & EXCEPTIONAL 9 #aie WAS SIMPLY ?AT1 = ! FIR/ TIME1 ! PEASANT MASSES' *RONIC REBELLION TOOK ON POLITICAL & REVOLUTION>Y MEAN+ AS CONCOMITANT & TOTALIZATION ( ! URBAN PROLET>IAT'S GOAL-CONSCI\S1 REVOLUTION>Y CLASS ACTION4 

,EV5 MORE TURN$ >\ND1 IF ?IS IS POSSIBLE1 IS ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY'S CONCEPTION ( ! QUE/ION'S MA9 PO9T - ! /RIKE & MASS /RIKE ACTIONS ( ! ,RUSSIAN PROLET>IAT4 ,! PICTURE ( *AOTIC1 0AMORPH\S1 PRIMITIVE /RIKES0 BY ! ,RUSSIAN WORK]S - :O /RIKE \T ( BEWILD]M5T1 SIMPLY TO /RIKE1 )\T GOAL OR PLAN1 )\T DEM&S & 0DEF9ITE SUCCESSES0 - IS A BLOOM+ FANTASY4 ,! ,RUSSIAN /RIKES ( ! REVOLUTION>Y P]IOD EFFECT$ A V]Y RESPECTABLE RAISE 9 WAGES1 BUT ABOVE ALL !Y SUCCE$$ 9 ALMO/ UNIV]SALLY %ORT5+ ! WORK+ DAY TO T5 H\RS1 & 9 MANY CASES TO N9E4 ,) ! MO/ T5ACI\S /RUGGLE1 !Y W]E ABLE TO UPHOLD ! EI<T-H\R DAY = MANY WEEKS 9 ,/4 ,PET]SBURG4 ,!Y WON ! RI<T TO ORGANIZE NOT ONLY = ! WORK]S1 BUT = ! /ATE'S PO/AL & RAILROAD EMPLOYES AS WELL3 & UNTIL ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION GA9$ ! UPP] H&1 !Y DEF5D$ ?IS RI<T FROM ALL ATTACKS4 ,!Y BROKE ! OV]LORD%IP ( ! EMPLOY]S1 & 9 MANY ( ! L>G] 5T]PRISES !Y CREAT$ WORK]S' COMMITTEES TO REGULATE WORK+ CONDITIONS4 ,!Y UND]TOOK ! TASK ( ABOLI%+ PIECEWORK1 H\SEHOLD WORK1 NI<T WORK1 FACTORY P5ALTIES1 & ( =C+ /RICT OBS]VANCE ( ,SUNDAYS (F4 

,!SE /RIKES1 FROM :I* PROMIS+ UNION ORGANIZATIONS RAPIDLY SPR\T$ 9 ALMO/ ALL 9DU/RIES ) VIGOR\S LIFE1 & ) SOLID LEAD]%IP1 TREASURIES1 CON/ITUTIONS1 & AN IMPOS+ UNION PRESS - !SE /RIKES1 FROM :I* AS BOLD A CREATION AS ! FAM\S ,/4 ,PET]SBURG ,C\NCIL ( ,WORK]S' ,DELEGATES WAS BORN = UNIFI$ LEAD]%IP ( ! 5TIRE MOVEM5T 9 ! GIANT EMPIRE - !SE ,RUSSIAN /RIKES & MASS /RIKES W]E SO F> FROM BE+ 0AMORPH\S & PRIMITIVE0 ?AT 9 BOLDNESS1 /R5G?1 CLASS SOLID>ITY1 T5ACITY1 MAT]IAL GA9S1 PROGRESSIVE AIMS & ORGANIZATIONAL RESULTS1 !Y C\LD SAFELY BE SET ALONGSIDE ANY 0,WE/ ,EUROPEAN0 UNION MOVEM5T4 ,GRANT$1 S9CE ! REVOLUTION'S DEFEAT MO/ ( ! ECONOMIC GA9S1 TOGE!R ) ! POLITICAL ONES1 HAVE LITTLE BY LITTLE BE5 LO/4 ,BUT ?IS PLA9LY DOES NOT ALT] ! *>ACT] :I* ! /RIKES HAD AS LONG AS ! REVOLUTION LA/$4 

,NOT 0ORGANIZ$0 & H5CE 0PLANLESS10 !SE ECONOMIC1 P>TIAL1 & LOCAL CONFLICTS CONT9U\SLY1 0SPONTANE\SLY0 GREW 9TO G5]AL POLITICAL & REVOLUTION>Y MASS /RIKES - FROM :I*1 9 TURN1 FUR!R LOCAL ACTIONS SPR\T$ UP ?ANKS TO ! REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION & ! POT5TIAL 5]GY ( ! MASSES' CLASS SOLID>ITY4 ,! C\RSE & IMM$IATE \TCOME ( SU* A G5]AL POLITICAL-REVOLUTION>Y ACTION WAS ALSO NOT 0ORGANIZ$0 & ELEM5TAL - AS WILL ALWAYS BE ! CASE 9 MASS MOVEM5TS & /ORMY TIMES4 ,BUT IF1 LIKE ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY1 ONE WI%ES TO MEASURE ! PROGRESSIVE *>ACT] ( /RIKES & 0RATIONAL /RIKE LEAD]%IP0 BY !IR IMM$IATE SUCCESSES1 ! GREAT P]IOD ( /RIKES 9 ,RUSSIA A*IEV$ RELATIVELY GREAT] ECONOMIC & SOCIAL-POLITICAL SUCCESSES 9 A FEW YE>S ( REVOLUTION ?AN ! ,G]MAN UNION MOVEM5T HAS 9 ! F\R DECADES ( ITS EXI/5CE4 ,& ALL ?IS IS DUE TO NEI!R A SPECIAL H]OISM1 NOR A SPECIAL G5IUS ( ! ,RUSSIAN PROLET>IAT3 IT IS SIMPLY ! MEASURE ( A REVOLUTION>Y P]IOD'S QUICK/EP1 AGA9/ ! LEISURELY GAIT ( PEACEFUL DEVELOPM5T )9 ! FRAMEWORK ( B\RGEOIS P>LIAM5T>IANISM4 

,AS ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY SAID 9 HIS ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION1 #bND $ITION1 P4#f#c3 

,!RE REMA9S ONLY ONE OBJECTION :I* CAN BE1 & H5CE ALL ! MORE FREQU5TLY WILL BE RAIS$ TO ?IS 0REVOLUTION>Y ROMANTICISM03 ?AT ! SITUATION 9 ,RUSSIA PROVES NO?+ = US 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE BECAUSE \R CIRCUM/ANCES >E FUNDAM5TALLY DIFF]5T4 

,NATURALLY1 ,I AM NOT UNAW>E ( ! DIFF]5CES 9 CIRCUM/ANCES3 BUT !Y %\LD NOT1 ON ! O!R H&1 BE EXAGG]AT$4 ,\R ,COMRADE ,LUXEMBURG'S LATE/ PAMPHLET CLE>LY DEMON/RATES ?AT ! ,RUSSIAN WORK+ CLASS HAS NOT FALL5 AS L[ & A*IEV$ AS LITTLE AS IS G5]ALLY ACCEPT$4 ,JU/ AS ! ,5GLI% WORK]S MU/ BREAK !MSELVES ( LOOK+ D[N ON ! ,G]MAN PROLET>IAT AS A BACKW>D CLASS1 SO WE 9 ,G]MANY MU/ GIVE UP VIEW+ ! ,RUSSIANS 9 ! SAME WAY4 

,& FUR!R ON3 

,AS A POLITICAL FACTOR1 ! ,5GLI% WORK]S TODAY /& EV5 L[] ?AN ! WORK]S ( ! ECONOMICALLY MO/ BACKW>D & POLITICALLY LEA/ FREE ( ,EUROPEAN /ATES3 ,RUSSIA4 ,IT IS !IR LIV+ REVOLUTION>Y ,REASON ?AT GIVES ! ,RUSSIANS !IR GREAT PRACTICAL /R5G?2 & IT WAS !IR R5UNCIATION ( REVOLUTION & SELF-LIMITATION TO IMM$IATE 9T]E/S1 !IR SO-CALL$ 0POLITICAL REALISM10 ?AT MADE ! ,5GLI% A Z]O 9 REAL POLITICS4 

,BUT = ! PRES5T1 LET US SET ASIDE ! ,RUSSIAN SITUATION & TURN TO ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY'S DEPICTION ( ! ,PRUSSO-,G]MAN SITUATION4 ,/RANGE TO SAY1 H]E TOO WE LE>N ( M>VELS4 ,= EXAMPLE1 IT HAS BE5 UNTIL N[ ! PR]OGATIVE ( ,EA/ ,ELBIAN ,JUNK]DOM TO LIVE BY ! 5NOBL+ CONVICTION ?AT ,PRUSSIA POSSESSES 0! /RONGE/ CONTEMPOR>Y GOV]NM5T40 ,H[ ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY1 ON ! O!R H&1 %\LD 9 ALL S]I\SNESS COME TO ACKN[L$GE A GOV]NM5T TO BE 0! /RONGE/0 :I* 0IS NO?+ BUT A MILIT>Y DESPOTISM EMBELLI%$ ) P>LIAM5T>Y =MS1 ALLOY$ ) A FEUDAL ADMIXTURE1 OBVI\SLY 9FLU5C$ BY ! B\RGEOISIE1 %OR$ UP ) A BUREAUCRACY & WAT*$ OV] BY ! POLICE0 - ,I F9D ?AT SOME:AT H>D TO GRASP4 ,?AT FOOLI% PICTURE ( MIS]Y1 ! ,BE?MANN-,HOLLWEG 0CAB9ET03 A GOV]NM5T REACTION>Y TO ! BONE & !RE=E )\T A PLAN OR POLITICAL DIRECTION1 ) LACKEYS & BUREAUCRATS 9/EAD ( /ATESM51 ) A :IMSICAL ZIG-ZAG C\RSE2 9T]NALLY ! FOOTBALL ( A VULG> ,JUNK] CLIQUE & ! 9SOL5T 9TRIGUES ( A C\RTLY RABBLE2 9 ITS =EIGN POLICY1 ! FOOTBALL ( A P]SONAL AU?ORITY ACC\NTABLE TO NONE2 ONLY A FEW YE>S AGO ! CONTEMPTIBLE %OE%9E BOY ( ! 0WEAKE/ GOV]NM5T 9 ! WORLD10 ,RUSSIAN ,CZ>ISM2 PROPP$ UP BY AN >MY :I* TO AN 5ORM\S EXT5T CONSI/S ( ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS1 ) ! /UPIDE/ DRILL1 ! MO/ 9FAM\S MI/REATM5T ( SOLDI]S 9 ! WORLD - ?IS IS ! 0/RONGE/ CONTEMPOR>Y GOV]NM5T06 ,9 ANY CASE1 A UNIQUE CONTRIBUTION TO ! MAT]IALI/ CONCEPTION ( HI/ORY1 :I* UNTIL N[ HAS NOT D$UC$ ! 0/R5G?0 ( A GOV]NM5T FROM ITS BACKW>DNESS1 HATR$ ( CULTURE1 0SLAVI% OB$I5CE10 & POLICE SPIRIT4 

,BESIDES1 ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY HAS DONE YET MORE = ?IS 0/RONGE/ GOV]NM5T03 HE HAS EV5 WOO$ H] ) ! 0GLORY ( ALMO/ A C5TURY ( CONT9U\S VICTORIES OV] ! /RONGE/ GREAT P[]S 9 ! WORLD40 ,9 ! VET]ANS' ASSOCIATIONS !Y HAVE LIV$1 UNTIL N[1 SOLELY ON ! 0GLORI\S CAMPAIGN0 ( #a#h#g4 ,TO CON/RUE HIS 0C5TURY0 ( ,PRUSSIAN GLORY1 ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY HAS APP>5TLY ADD$ 9 ! ,BATTLE ( ,J5A - AS WELL AS ! ,HUNN ,CAMPAIGN 9 ,*9A L$ BY \R ,C\NT ,WALD]SEE1.<,A.> & ,TRO?A'S VICTORY OV] ! ,HOTT5TOT WOM5 & *ILDR5 9 ! ,KALAH>I4.<,B.> 

,BUT AS IT SAYS 9 ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY'S BEAUTIFUL >TICLE ( ,DECEMB] #a#i#f1 ,! ,/ATE ( ! ,REI*1 AT ! 5D ( A LONG & DETAIL$ DESCRIPTION3 

,COMP>+ ! ,REI*'S %9+ \TW>D /ATE AT ITS BEG9N+ ) ! PRES5T SITUATION1 ONE MU/ CONFESS ?AT NEV] HAS A MORE SPL5DID 9H]ITANCE ( MI<T & PRE/IGE BE5 MORE RA%LY SQU&]$ 4441 NEV] 9 ITS HI/ORY HAS ! ,G]MAN ,REI*'S POSITION 9 ! WORLD BE5 WEAK]1 & NEV] HAS A ,G]MAN GOV]NM5T MORE ?\<TLESSLY & WILLFULLY PLAY$ ) FIRE ?AN AT ! PRES5T TIME4 .<,NEUE ,ZEIT1 ,X,X,V1 #a1 P4#d#b#g.> 

,( C\RSE1 AT ?AT TIME ! MA9 ?+ WAS TO PA9T ! %9+ ELECTORAL VICTORY ?AT AWAIT$ US 9 ! #aig ELECTIONS.<,C.> & ! OV]:ELM+ CATA/ROPHES :I*1 ACCORD+ TO ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY1 W\LD 9EVITABLY FOLL[ IT - ) ! SAME 9EVITABILITY ) :I* HE N[ HAS !M FOLL[ ! NEXT ,REI*/AG ELECTION4 

,ON ! O!R H&1 FROM HIS DEPICTION ( ECONOMIC & POLITICAL CONDITIONS 9 ,G]MANY & ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY CON/RUCTS A /RIKE POLICY :I* - MEASUR$ AGA9/ REALITY - IS A D[NRI<T A/ONI%+ FANTASY4 0,! WORK]10 ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY ASSURES US1 09 ,G]MANY - & ?R\<\T ,WE/]N ,EUROPE AS A :OLE - TAKES UP ! /RIKE AS A MEANS ( /RUGGLE ONLY :5 HE HAS ! PROSPECT ( ATTA9+ DEF9ITE SUCCESSES ) IT4 ,IF !SE SUCCESSES FAIL TO APPE>1 ! /RIKE HAS FAIL$ ITS PURPOSE4 ,) ?IS DISCOV]Y1 ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY HAS PRON\NC$ A H>% JUDGM5T ON ! PRACTICE ( ,G]MAN & 0,WE/ ,EUROPEAN0 UNIONS4 ,= :AT DO ! /RIKE /ATI/ICS 9 ,G]MANY %[ US8 ,( ! #a#i1#g#f#f /RIKES & LOCK\TS WE HAVE HAD1 9 ALL1 FROM #ahi TO #a#i#h1 AN 5TIRE QU>T] 7#b#e4#b P]C5T7 W]E :OLLY UNSUCCESSFUL2 ALMO/ ANO!R QU>T] 7#b#b4#e P]C5T7 W]E ONLY P>TLY SUCCESSFUL2 & LESS ?AN HALF 7#d#i4#e P]C5T7 W]E TOTALLY SUCCESSFUL4 .<,CORRESPOND5CE ,BULLET9 ( ! ,G5]AL ,COMMISSION ( ,G]MAN ,UNIONS1 #a#i#i1 ,NR4#g1 ,/ATI/ICAL ,SUPPLEM5T4.> 

,!SE /ATI/ICS JU/ AS CRASSLY CONTRADICT ! !ORY ( ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY ?AT BECAUSE ( ! EFFECTIVE DEVELOPM5T ( ! WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS AS WELL AS ! C>TELS1 0! /RUGGLES BETWE5 !SE ORGANIZATIONS LIKEWISE GR[ EV] MORE C5TRALIZ$ & CONC5TRAT$0 & ON ?IS ACC\NT 0EV] MORE 9FREQU5T40 ,9 ! DECADE #ahi ?R\< #a#h#i#i1 WE HAD A TOTAL ( #c1#g#b#b /RIKES & LOCK\TS 9 ,G]MANY2 9 ! N9E YE>S #ai ?R\< #a#i#h1 ! TIME ( GREATE/ GR[? = BO? C>TELS & UNIONS1 WE HAD #a#e1#i#i#d4 ,SO LITTLE >E /RIKES GR[+ 0EV] MORE 9FREQU5T0 ?AT !Y HAVE RA!R GR[N F\R TIMES AS NUM]\S 9 ! LA/ DECADE4 ,& :ILE 9 ! PREVI\S DECADE #d#b#e1#a#d4#b WORK]S TOOK P>T 9 /RIKES1 9 ! LA/ N9E YE>S #a1#g#i1#d#a#e DID3 ONCE AGA9 F\R TIMES AS MANY1 & ?US ON ! AV]AGE APPROXIMATELY ! SAME NUMB] P] /RIKE4 

,ACCORD+ TO ! S*EMA ( ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY1 ONE QU>T] TO ONE HALF ( ALL !SE UNION /RUGGLES 9 ,G]MANY HAVE 0FAIL$ !IR PURPOSE40 ,BUT EV]Y UNION AGITATOR KN[S V]Y WELL ?AT 0DEF9ITE SUCCESSES0 9 ! =M ( MAT]IAL GA9S ABSOLUTELY >E NOT & CANNOT BE ! SOLE PURPOSE1 ! SOLE DET]M9+ ASPECT 9 ECONOMIC /RUGGLES4 ,9/EAD1 UNION ORGANIZATIONS 09 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE0 >E =C$ /EP BY /EP 9TO A POSITION :I* COMPELS !M TO TAKE UP ! /RUGGLE ) LIMIT$ PROSPECTS ( 0DEF9ITE SUCCESSES03 AS SPECIFICALLY %[N BY ! /ATI/ICS ( PURELY DEF5SIVE /RIKES1 ( :I* A :OLE #c#b4#e P]C5T TURN$ \T COMPLETELY UNSUCCESSFUL4 ,?AT SU* 0UNSUCCESSFUL0 /RIKES HAVE1 NEV]!LESS1 NOT 0FAIL$ !IR PURPOSE02 ?AT ON ! CONTR>Y !Y >E A DIRECT CONDITION ( LIFE = ! DEF5SE ( ! WORK]S' /&>D ( LIV+1 = SU/A9+ ! WORK]S' FI<T+ SPIRIT1 = IMP$+ FUTURE ONSLAU<TS BY ! EMPLOY]S3 !SE >E ! ELEM5T>Y GR\ND RULES ( ,G]MAN UNION PRACTICE4 

,& FUR!R1 IT IS G5]ALLY KN[N ?AT BESIDES A 0DEF9ITE SUCCESS0 9 MAT]IAL GA9S1 & 9DE$ )\T ?IS SUCCESS1 /RIKES 09 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE0 HAVE P]HAPS !IR MO/ IMPORTANT EFFECT AS BEG9N+ PO9TS ( UNION ORGANIZATION3 & IT IS SPECIFICALLY 9 BACKW>D PLACES & H>D-TO-ORGANIZE BRAN*ES ( LABOR ?AT SU* 0UNSUCCESSFUL0 & 0ILL-ADVIS$0 /RIKES >E MO/ COMMON1 FROM :I* OV] & OV] >ISE ! F\NDATIONS ( UNION ORGANIZATION4 ,! HI/ORY ( ! ,VOGTL& TEXTILE WORK]S' /RUGGLES & SUFF]+S1 :OSE MO/ FAM\S *APT] IS ! GREAT ,CRIMMITS*AU /RIKE1.<,D.> IS BUT A S+LE TE/IMONY TO ?IS4 ,! 0/RATEGY0 :I* ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY HAS N[ SET =? IS NOT M]ELY 9CAPABLE ( DIRECT+ A GREAT POLITICAL MASS ACTION1 BUT EV5 A NORMAL UNION MOVEM5T4 

,BUT ! ABOVE-M5TION$ S*EMA = 0,WE/ ,EUROPEAN0 /RIKES HAS YET ANO!R GAP+ HOLE - JU/ AT ! PO9T1 9 FACT1 :]E ! ECONOMIC /RUGGLE BR+S ! QUE/ION ( ! MASS /RIKE & ?US \R [N PROP] !ME1 9TO CONSID]ATION4 ,?AT IS1 ?IS S*EMA 5TIRELY EXCLUDES ! FACT ?AT IT IS JU/ 09 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE0 :]E EV] LONG] MORE VIOL5T /RIKES )\T MU* 0PLAN0 BREAK LIKE AN ELEM5TAL /ORM OV] ?OSE REGIONS :]E A GREAT EXPLOIT$ MASS ( PROLET>IANS /&S OPPOS$ TO ! CONC5TRAT$ RUL+ P[] ( CAPITAL OR ! CAPITALI/IC /ATE3 /RIKES :I* GR[ NOT 0EV] MORE 9FREQU5T0 BUT EV] MORE FREQU5T2 :I* MO/LY 5D )\T ANY 0DEF9ITE SUCCESSES0 AT ALL - BUT 9 SPITE1 OR RA!R JU/ BECAUSE ( ?IS >E ( GREAT] SIGNIFICANCE AS EXPLOSIONS ( A DEEP 9N] CONTRADICTION :I* SPILLS OV] 9TO ! REALM ( POLITICS4 ,!SE >E ! P]IODIC GIANT /RIKES ( ! M9]S 9 ,G]MANY1 9 ,5GL&1 9 ,FRANCE1 9 ,AM]ICA2 !SE >E ! SPONTANE\S MASS /RIKES ( ! F>M WORK]S1 AS !Y HAVE OCCURR$ 9 ,ITALY & 9 ,GALICIA2 & FUR!R1 ! MASS /RIKES ( ! RAILROAD WORK]S :I* BREAK \T N[ 9 ?IS /ATE1 N[ 9 ?AT ONE4 

,AS IT SAYS 9 ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY'S EXCELL5T >TICLE ON ,! ,LESSONS ( ! ,M9]S' ,/RIKE ( #aie 9 ! ,RUHR DI/RICT3 

,9 ?IS WAY ALONE CAN SUB/ANTIAL ADVANCES BE REALIZ$ = ! M9]S4 ,! /RIKE AGA9/ ! M9E [N]S HAS BECOME HOPELESS3 FROM N[ ON ! /RIKE MU/ /EP =W>D AS POLITICAL2 ITS DEM&S1 ITS TACTICS MU/ BE CALCULAT$ TO SET LEGISLATION 9 MOTION 444 

,& ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY CONT9UES3 

,?IS NEW UNION TACTIC ( ! POLITICAL /RIKE1 ( UNIT+ UNION & POLITICAL ACTION1 IS 9 FACT ! ONLY ONE :I* REMA9S POSSIBLE = ! M9]S2 & IT IS ! ONLY ONE C]TA9 TO REANIMATE UNION AS WELL AS P>LIAM5T>Y ACTION1 & TO GIVE HEI<T5$ AGGRESSIVE /R5G? TO BO?4 

,IT C\LD APPE>1 P]HAPS1 ?AT H]E UND] 0POLITICAL ACTION0 WE >E TO UND]/& P>LIAM5T>Y ACTION & NOT POLITICAL MASS /RIKES4 ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY DE/ROYS EV]Y D\BT1 DECL>+ PO9T-BLANK3 

,BUT ! GREAT DECISIVE ACTIONS ( ! /RUGGL+ PROLET>IAT WILL BE F\<T \T MORE & MORE ?R\< V>I\S SORTS ( POLITICAL /RIKES4 ,& H]E PRACTICE /RIDES =W>D FA/] ?AN !ORY4 ,= :ILE WE DISCUSS ! POLITICAL /RIKE & SE>* = ITS !ORETICAL =MULATION & CONFIRMATION1 ONE MI<TY POLITICAL MASS /RIKE AFT] ANO!R FLAMES UP ?R\< ! SPONTANE\S COMBU/ION ( ! MASSES - OR RA!R EV]Y MASS /RIKE BECOMES A POLITICAL ACTION1 EV]Y GREAT POLITICAL TE/ ( /R5G? CLIMAXES 9 A MASS /RIKE1 :E!R AMONG ! M9]S1 ! PROLET>IAT ( ,RUSSIA1 ! ,ITALIAN F>M WORK]S & RAIL ROAD WORK]S1 ETC4 .<,NEUE ,ZEIT1 ,X,X,I,I,I1 #a1 PP4#g#h1 #<a - ,R4,L4.> 

,SO WROTE ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY ON ,M>* #a#a1 #a#i#e4 

,H]E WE HAVE 0! SPONTANE\S COMBU/ION ( ! MASSES0 & ! UNION LEAD]%IP1 ECONOMIC /RUGGLE & POLITICAL /RUGGLE1 MASS /RIKES & REVOLUTION1 ,RUSSIA & ,WE/]N ,EUROPE 9 ! MO/ BEAUTIFUL CONFUSION1 ALL RUBRICS ( ! S*EMA FUZ$ TOGE!R 9 ! LIV+ 9T]CONNECTION ( A GREAT P]IOD ( FI]CE SOCIAL /ORMS4 

,IT SEEMS ?AT 0!ORY0 DOES NOT M]ELY 0/RIDE =W>D0 MORE SL[LY ?AN PRACTICE3 ALAS1 FROM TIME TO TIME IT ALSO GOES TUMBL+ BACKW>DS4 

,NEXT3 ,P>T #c 

.<,A.> ,9 #ahii ! ANTI-IMP]IALI/ POPUL> UPRIS+ ( ,I ,HO ,*'UAN BROKE \T 9 NOR? ,*9A2 IT WAS BLOODILY SUPPRESS$ BY ! ALLI$ >MIES ( EI<T IMP]IALI/ P[]S UND] SUPREME COMM& ( ! ,G]MAN >MY'S *IEF ( /AFF1 ,ALB]T ,GRAF VON ,WALD]SEE4 ,G]MAN P>TICIPATION BECAME KN[N AS ! 0,HUN ,CAMPAIGN0 ?R\< A SPEE* BY ,KAIS] ,WILHELM ,I,I TO ! DEP>T+ TROOPS ( ! ,*9A EXP$ITION1 :I* ,LUXEMBURG RECALL$ 9 H] SPEE* ( ,MAY #b#g1 #a#i#a#c1 ,! ,WORLD ,POLITICAL ,SITUATION3 0,!N CAME ! ,HUN ,CAMPAIGN 9 ,*9A1 TO :I* ,WILHELM ,I,I S5T ! SOLDI]S ) ! SLOGAN3 ,QU>T] WILL NOT BE GIV51 PRISON]S WILL NOT BE TAK54 ,! SOLDI]S W]E TO WREAK HAVOC LIKE ! ,HUNNS SO ?AT = A ?\S& YE>S NO ,*9ESE W\LD D>E CA/ SQU9T+1 5VI\S EYES ON A ,G]MAN40 ,GESAMMELTE ,W]KE1 ,VOL4#c1 P4#b#a#d4 

.<,B.> ,FROM #aid TO #aig ! ,NAMA1 A ,KHOIKHOI PEOPLE 70,HOTT5TOT0 WAS ! D]OGATORY ,AFRIK&] NAME = ALL ,KHOIKHOI7 & ! ,H]]OS F\<T A GU]RILLA W> AGA9/ ,G]MAN COLONIAL RULE 9 ,NAMIBIA1 !N KN[N AS ,G]MAN ,S\?WE/ ,AFRICA4 ,! UPRIS+ 5D$ ) ! DEVA/AT+ DEFEAT ( !SE PEOPLES1 AFT] :I* ,G]MAN COLONIAL TROOPS W]E EMPLOY$ AGA9/ !M ) ! UTMO/ CRUELTY4 ,LUXEMBURG ANALYZ$ IT 9 H] SPEE* ( ,JUNE #a#d1 #a#i#a#a1 ,\R ,/RUGGLE = ,P[]4 7,SEE ,*APT] #b ( ,RAYA ,DUNAYEVSKAYA'S WORK-9-PROGRESS ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG1 ,WOM5'S ,LIB]ATION & ,M>X'S ,PHILOSOPHY ( ,REVOLUTION1 PUBLI%$ 9 ,NEWS @& ,LETT]S1 ,APRIL #a#i#h47 

.<,C.> ,REI*/AG ELECTIONS ( #aig BECAME KN[N AS ! 0,HOTT5TOT ELECTIONS0 BECAUSE ! ,*ANCELLOR1 VON ,BUL[1 CAMPAIGN$ ON AN IMP]IALI/ PLAT=M 9T5D$ TO BR& ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS AS TRAITORS4 ,AL?\< ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY RAIS$ ITS TOTAL VOTE C\NT BY ALMO/ #c11 IT LO/ #* SEATS DUE TO ! APPORTIONM5T ( ELECTORAL DI/RICTS & A SECOND BALLOT ALLIANCE ( ! B\RGEOIS P>TIES4 

.<,D.> ,9 ,AUGU/ #a#i#c1 #h1 TEXTILE WORK]S 9 ,CRIMMITS*AU /RUCK = PAY RAISES & A T5-H\R DAY4 ,9 SPITE ( /ATE 9T]V5TION & ! DECREE ( LIMIT$ M>TIAL LAW 9 ,CRIMMITS*AU1 ALL ATTEMPTS TO BREAK ! /RIKE W]E FRU/RAT$ BY ! DET]M9ATION ( ! WORK]S1 :I* WAS /R5G!N$ BY ! SOLID>ITY ( ! ,G]MAN & 9T]NATIONAL WORK+ CLASS3 BUT ! 9T]V5TION ( RE=MI/ UNION LEAD]S =C$ !M TO RETURN TO WORK )\T ANY GA9S 9 ,JANU>Y #a#i#d4 

O ,P>T #c 3 ,KAUTSKY3 ! MASS /RIKE IS 9COMPATIBLE ) ,G]MANY 
,P>T #c 

,WE HAVE BRIEFLY EXAM9$ ! FACTUAL BASIS ( ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY'S NEWE/ !ORY ON ,RUSSIA & ,WE/]N ,EUROPE4 ,BUT ! MO/ IMPORTANT ?+ AB\T ?IS LATE/ CREATION IS ITS G5]AL T5D5CY1 :I* RUNS ON TO CON/RUCT AN ABSOLUTE CONTRADICTION BETWE5 REVOLUTION>Y ,RUSSIA & P>LIAM5T>Y 0,WE/]N ,EUROPE10 & SETS D[N ! PROM95T ROLE PLAY$ BY ! POLITICAL MASS /RIKE 9 ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION AS A PRODUCT ( ,RUSSIA'S ECONOMIC & POLITICAL BACKW>DNESS4 

,BUT H]E ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY F9DS HIMSELF 9 ! DISAGREEABLE POSITION ( HAV+ PROV$ MU* TOO MU*4 ,9 ?IS CASE1 SOME:AT LESS W\LD HAVE BE5 DECID$LY MORE4 

,ABOVE ALL1 ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY HAS NOT NOTIC$ ?AT HIS CURR5T !ORY DE/ROYS HIS E>LI] !ORY ( ! 0/RATEGY ( ATTRITION40 ,AT ! C5T] ( ! 0/RATEGY ( ATTRITION0 /&S AN ALLUSION TO ! COM+ ,REI*/AG ELECTIONS4 ,MY 9EXCUSABLE ]ROR LAY 9 ?IS3 ,I HELD ?AT ! MASS /RIKE WAS ALREADY CALL$ = 9 ! PRES5T /RUGGLE = ,PRUSSIAN VOT+ RI<TS1 :ILE ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY DECL>$ ?AT \R OV]:ELM+ VICTORY-TO-COME 9 NEXT YE>'S ,REI*/AG ELECTIONS W\LD CREATE ! 05TIRELY NEW SITUATION0 :I* MI<T MAKE ! MASS /RIKE NECESS>Y & APPROPRIATE4 ,BUT N[ ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY HAS DEMON/RAT$ ) ALL DESIRABLE CL>ITY ?AT CONDITIONS = A P]IOD ( POLITICAL MASS /RIKES 9 ,G]MANY - 9DE$1 9 ALL ( ,WE/]N ,EUROPE - >E LACK+ AFT] ALL4 0,BECAUSE ( ! HALF-C5TURY OLD SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T1 ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ORGANIZATION & POLITICAL FRE$OM10 EV5 SIMPLE DEMON/RATION MASS /RIKES ( ! EXT5T & MOM5TUM ( ! ,RUSSIAN ONES HAVE BECOME ALMO/ IMPOSSIBLE 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE4 

,YET IF ?IS IS SO1 !N PROSPECTS = ! MASS /RIKE AFT] ,REI*/AG ELECTIONS SEEM FAIRLY PROBLEMATIC4 ,IT IS CLE> ?AT ALL ! CONDITIONS :I* MAKE ! MASS /RIKE ABSOLUTELY IMPOSSIBLE 9 ,G]MANY - ! /RONGE/ CONTEMPOR>Y GOV]NM5T & ITS GLITT]+ PRE/IGE1 ! SLAVI% OB$I5CE ( ! /ATE EMPLOYES1 ! UN%AKABLE OPPOS+ MI<T ( ! C>TELS1 ! POLITICAL ISOLATION ( ! PROLET>IAT - ?AT ALL ?IS WILL NOT SUDD5LY DISAPPE> AFT] NEXT YE>4 ,IF ! REASONS :I* SPEAK AGA9/ ! POLITICAL MASS /RIKE NO LONG] LIE 9 ! SITUATION ( ! MOM5T1 AS ! 0/RATEGY ( ATTRITION0 W\LD HAVE IT1 BUT 9 ! DIRECT RESULTS ( 0HALF A C5TURY ( SOCIALI/ 5LI<T5M5T & POLITICAL1 FRE$OM10 9 ! HI<LY DEVELOP$ LEVEL ( 0,WE/]N ,EUROPE'S0 ECONOMIC & POLITICAL LIFE - !N PO/PONEM5T ( EXPECTATIONS = A MASS /RIKE UNTIL ! YE> AFT] ! ,REI*/AG ELECTIONS TURNS \T TO BE NO MORE ?AN A MODE/ FIG LEAF COV]+ ! 0/RATEGY ( ATTRITION'S0 ONLY REAL CONT5T3 ! COMM5DATION ( ,REI*/AG ELECTIONS4 ,9 MY FIR/ REPLY ,I TRI$ TO %[ ?AT 9 REALITY ! 0/RATEGY ( ATTRITION0 AM\NT$ TO 0,NO?+-,BUT-,P>LIAM5T>IANISM40 ,N[ ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY HIMSELF CONFIRMS ?IS 9 ELABORAT+ HIS !ORIES4 

,YET MORE4 ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY HAS1 TO BE SURE PO/PON$ ! GREAT MASS ACTION UNTIL AFT] ! ,REI*/AG ELECTIONS3 BUT AT ! SAME TIME HE MU/ ADMIT ?AT 9 ! PRES5T SITUATION1 ! POLITICAL MASS /RIKE C\LD BECOME NECESS>Y 0AT ANY MOM5T0 - = 0NEV] 9 ! HI/ORY ( ! ,G]MAN ,REI* W]E ! SOCIAL1 POLITICAL1 & 9T]NATIONAL CONTRADICTIONS UND] SU* T5SION AS N[40.<,K4 ,KAUTSKY1 ,:AT ,N[81 ,NEUE ,ZEIT ,X,X,V,I,I,I1 #b 7#a#e ,APRIL #a#i#a71 P4#h4.> ,BUT IF 9 G5]AL ! SOCIAL CONDITIONS & HI/ORIC RIP5ESS ( 0,WE/]N ,EUROPE10 & SPECIFICALLY ( ,G]MANY1 MAKE A MASS /RIKE ACTION IMPOSSIBLE N[1 H[ CAN SU* AN ACTION SUDD5LY 0AT ANY MOM5T0 BE SET 9 MOTION8 ,A BRUTAL PROVOCATION BY ! POLICE1 A MASSACRE AT A DEMON/RATION C\LD GREATLY HEI<T5 ! MASSES' AGITATION & %>P5 ! SITUATION3 YET IT OBVI\SLY C\LD NOT BE ?AT 0GREAT OCCASION0 :I* W\LD ABRUPTLY OV]TURN ! 5TIRE ECONOMIC & POLITICAL /RUCTURE ( ,G]MANY4 

,BUT ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY HAS PROV$ YET ANO!R SUP]FLU\S ?+4 ,IF ! G5]AL ECONOMIC & POLITICAL CONDITIONS 9 ,G]MANY >E SU* AS TO MAKE A MASS /RIKE ACTION LIKE ! ,RUSSIAN ONE IMPOSSIBLE1 & IF ! EXT5SION :I* ! MASS /RIKE UND]W5T 9 ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION IS ! SPECIFIC PRODUCT ( ,RUSSIAN BACKW>DNESS1 !N NOT ONLY IS ! USE ( ! MASS /RIKE 9 ! ,PRUSSIAN VOT+ RI<TS /RUGGLE CALL$ 9TO QUE/ION1 BUT ! ,J5A RESOLUTION AS WELL4 ,UNTIL N[1 ! RESOLUTION ( ! ,J5A P>TY CONV5TION .<( #a#i#e.> WAS REG>D$ BO? H]E & ABROAD AS SU* A HI<LY SIGNIFICANT ANN\NCEM5T BECAUSE IT (FICIALLY BORR[$ ! MASS /RIKE FROM ! >S5AL ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 & 9CORPORAT$ IT AMONG ! TACTICS ( ,G]MAN ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY AS A MEANS ( POLITICAL /RUGGLE4 ,ADMITT$LY ?IS RESOLUTION WAS =MALLY SO COMPOS$1 & BY MANY EXCLUSIVELY 9T]PRET$ SO ?AT ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY SEEM$ TO DECL>E IT W\LD ONLY TURN TO ! MASS /RIKE 9 CASE ( AN ATTACK ON ,REI*/AG VOT+ RI<TS4 ,BUT ONCE1 9 ANY CASE1 ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY DID NOT BELONG TO ?OSE =MALI/S2 9DE$1 9 #aid HE EMPHATICALLY WROTE3 

,IF WE LE>N ONE ?+ FROM ! ,BELGIAN EXAMPLE1 IT IS ?AT IT W\LD BE A FATAL ]ROR = US 9 ,G]MANY TO COMMIT \RSELVES TO A SPECIFIC TIME = PROCLAIM+ ! POLITICAL /RIKE - = EXAMPLE1 9 ! EV5T ( AN ATTACK ON ! PRES5T ,REI*/AG VOT+ RI<TS4 .<,REVOLUTION>IES ,EV]Y:]E1 ,NEUE ,ZEIT ,X,X,I,I1 #a1 P4#g#c#f4 ,R,L'S EMPHASIS.> 

,! *IEF SIGNIFICANCE1 ! ESS5TIAL CONT5T ( ! ,J5A RESOLUTION LAY NOT 9 ?IS =MALI/IC 0COMMITM5T1 0 BUT 9 ! FACT ( ,G]MAN ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY'S PR9CIPL$ ACCEPTANCE ( ! LESSONS & EXAMPLE ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,IT WAS ! SPIRIT ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION :I* RUL$ ! CONV5TION ( \R P>TY 9 ,J5A4 ,& N[ :5 ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY DIRECTLY D]IVES ! ROLE ( ! MASS /RIKE 9 ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION FROM ,RUSSIAN BACKW>DNESS1 !REBY CON/RUCT+ A CONTRADICTION BETWE5 REVOLUTION>Y ,RUSSIA & P>LIAM5T>Y 0,WE/]N ,EUROPE02 :5 HE EMPHATICALLY W>NS AGA9/ ! EXAMPLES & ME?ODS ( REVOLUTION - YES :5 BY IMPLICATION EV5 ! PROLET>IAT'S DEFEAT ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION IS DEBIT$ 9 HIS ACC\NT TO ! GR&IOSE MASS /RIKE ACTION1 ?R\< :I* ! PROLET>IAT 0MU/ EV5TUALLY BE EXHAU/$0 - 9 %ORT1 :5 ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY DECL>ES PO9T-BLANK 0BUT BE ?AT AS IT MAY1 ! S*EMA ( ! ,RUSSIAN MASS /RIKE BE=E & DUR+ ! REVOLUTION DOES NOT FIT ,G]MAN CONDITIONS03 !N FROM ?IS /&PO9T IT SEEMS AN 9CR$IBLE BLUND]1 ?AT ,G]MAN ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY (FICIALLY BORR[$ ! MASS /RIKE DIRECTLY FROM ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION AS A NEW MEANS ( /RUGGLE4 ,AT BOTTOM1 ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY'S CURR5T !ORY IS A FRI<TFULLY FUNDAM5TAL REVISION ( ! ,J5A RESOLUTION4 

,TO JU/IFY HIS 9DIVIDUAL1 COCKEY$ /& 9 ! LA/ ,PRUSSIAN VOT+ RI<TS CAMPAIGN1 ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY /EP-BY-/EP SELLS \T ! LESSONS ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION - ! MO/ SIGNIFICANT EXT5SION & 5RI*M5T ( PROLET>IAN TACTICS 9 ! LA/ DECADE4 

O ,P>T #d 3 ,RUSSIAN DEVELOPM5T CREAT$ ! MASS /RIKE 

,9 LI<T ( ! CONCLUSIONS :I* FOLL[ FROM ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY'S NEWE/ !ORY1 IT N[ BECOMES CLE> -H[ V]Y FALSE1 FROM ! GR\ND UP1 ?IS !ORY IS4 ,TO D]IVE ! MASS /RIKE ACTION ( ! ,RUSSIAN PROLET>IAT1 UNP>ALLEL$ 9 ! HI/ORY ( MOD]N CLASS /RUGGLE1 FROM ,RUSSIA'S SOCIAL BACKW>DNESS - 9 O!R WORDS1 TO EXPLA9 ! \T/&+ IMPORTANCE & LEAD+ ROLE ( ! URBAN 9DU/RIAL PROLET>IAT 9 ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION AS ,RUSSIAN 0BACKW>DNESS0 - IS TO /& ?+S RI<T ON !IR HEADS4 

,IT WAS NOT ECONOMIC RET>DATION1 BUT PRECISELY ! HI< DEVELOPM5T ( CAPITALISM1 MOD]N 9DU/RY1 & COMM]CE 9 ,RUSSIA :I* MADE ?AT GR&IOSE MASS /RIKE ACTION POSSIBLE1 & :I* CAUS$ IT4 ,IT WAS JU/ BECAUSE ! URBAN 9DU/RIAL PROLET>IAT WAS ALREADY SO NUM]\S1 CONC5TRAT$ 9 ! GREAT C5T]S1 & SO /RONGLY MOV$ BY CLASS CONSCI\SNESS1 JU/ BECAUSE ! G5U9E MOD]N CAPITALI/ CONTRADICTION HAD PROGRESS$ SO F>1 ?AT ! /RUGGLE = POLITICAL FRE$OM C\LD BE DECISIVELY L$ BY ?IS PROLET>IAT ALONE4 ,BUT BECAUSE ( ?IS IT C\LD BE NO PURELY CON/ITUTIONAL /RUGGLE AFT] ! LIB]AL =MULA1 BUT A G5U9E MOD]N CLASS /RUGGLE 9 ALL ITS BREAD? & DEP?1 FI<T+ = ! ECONOMIC AS WELL AS ! POLITICAL 9T]E/S ( ! WORK]S - AGA9/ CAPITAL AS WELL AS ,CZ>ISM1 = ! EI<T-H\R DAY AS WELL AS A DEMOCRATIC CON/ITUTION4 ,& ONLY BECAUSE CAPITALI/ 9DU/RY & ! MOD]N MEANS ( COMM]CE B\ND TO IT HAD BECOME A CONDITION ( EXI/5CE = ! /ATE'S ECONOMIC LIFE1 C\LD ! MASS /RIKES ( ! PROLET>IAT 9 ,RUSSIA REALIZE SU* A /AGG]+1 DECISIVE EFFECT3 ?AT ! REVOLUTION CELEBRAT$ ITS VICTORIES ) !M1 & ) !M W5T D[N 9 DEFEAT & GREW SIL5T4 

,AT ?IS MOM5T ,I CAN ?9K ( NO MORE EXACT =MULATION ( ! FACTORS 9 QUE/ION H]E1 ?AN ?AT :I* ,I GAVE 9 MY PAMPHLET ON ! MASS /RIKE 9 #a#i#f3 

,WE HAVE SE5 ?AT ! MASS /RIKE 9 ,RUSSIA REPRES5TS NOT ! SYN!TIC PRODUCT ( A DELIB]ATE ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC TACTIC1 BUT A NATURAL HI/ORIC FIGURE ON ! GR\ND ( ! PRES5T REVOLUTION4 ,:AT >E ! =CES 9 ,RUSSIA N[ :I* HAVE BR\<T =? ?IS NEW MANIFE/ATION ( REVOLUTION8 

,! IMM$IATE TASK ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION IS PUTT+ AN 5D TO ABSOLUTISM & E/ABLI%+ A MOD]N B\RGEOIS-P>LIAM5T>Y CON/ITUTIONAL /ATE4 ,=MALLY1 ?IS IS EXACTLY ! SAME TASK FAC$ BY ! ,M>* ,REVOLUTION 9 ,G]MANY & BY ! ,GREAT ,REVOLUTION 9 ,FRANCE AT ! 5D ( ! EI<TE5? C5TURY4 ,BUT ! CIRCUM/ANCES1 ! HI/ORIC MILIEU 9 :I* !SE =MALLY ANALOG\S REVOLUTIONS TOOK PLACE1 >E FUNDAM5TALLY DIFF]5T FROM ?OSE ( TODAY'S ,RUSSIA4 ,! DIFF]5CE 9 CIRCUM/ANCES IS ! 5TIRE CYCLE ( CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T :I* HAS RUN BETWE5 ?OSE B\RGEOIS REVOLUTIONS 9 ! ,WE/ & ! PRES5T B\RGEOIS REVOLUTION 9 ! ,EA/4 ,?AT IS1 ?IS DEVELOPM5T HAS NOT SEIZ$ ! ,WE/]N ,EUROPEAN L&S ALONE1 BUT ABSOLUTI/ ,RUSSIA AS WELL4 ,L>GE SCALE 9DU/RY ) ALL ITS CONSEQU5CES - ! MOD]N CLASS DIVISION1 ! GL>+ SOCIAL CONTRA/S1 MOD]N METROPOLITAN LIFE & ! MOD]N PROLET>IAT - HAS BECOME ! LEAD+ =M ( PRODUCTION 9 ,RUSSIA 7I4E41 ! DECISIVE ONE = ITS SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T74 

,BUT FROM ?IS HAS RESULT$ A /RANGE1 CONTRADICTORY HI/ORICAL SITUATION3 ?AT A REVOLUTION :OSE =MAL OBJECTIVES >E B\RGEOIS WILL BE C>RI$ \T UND] ! LEAD]%IP ( A MOD]N1 CLASS-CONSCI\S PROLET>IAT1 & 9 AN 9T]NATIONAL MILIEU :I* /&S UND] ! SIGN ( B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY'S D[NFALL4 ,N[ ! B\RGEOISIE IS NOT ! LEAD+ REVOLUTION>Y ELEM5T IT WAS 9 ! E>LI] REVOLUTIONS ( ! ,WE/1 :5 ! PROLET>IAN MASS1 DISSOLV$ 9 ! PETTY B\RGEOISIE1 S]V$ AS ITS MILIT>Y LEVIES4 ,ALL IS REV]S$3 ! CLASS-CONSCI\S PROLET>IAT IS ! LEAD+1 DRIV+ ELEM5T2 ! BIG B\RGEOIS /RATA >E 9 P>T DIRECTLY C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y1 9 P>T WEAKLY LIB]AL2 ONLY ! RURAL PETTY B\RGEOISIE1 ALONG ) ! URBAN PETTY B\RGEOIS 9TELLIG5TSIA1 >E DECID$LY OPPOSITIONAL1 9DE$ REVOLUTION>Y M9D$4 ,BUT ! ,RUSSIAN PROLET>IAT1 SO CLE>LY DE/9$ = ! LEAD+ ROLE 9 ! B\RGEOIS REVOLUTION1 IS ITSELF FREE FROM ALL ILLUSIONS AB\T B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY - & !RE=E IT 5T]S ! /RUGGLE ) A /RONGLY DEVELOP$ CONSCI\SNESS ( ITS [N SPECIFIC CLASS 9T]E/S 9 ! ACUTELY %>P5$ OPPOSITION ( CAPITAL & LABOR4 

,?IS CONTRADICTORY /ATE ( AFFAIRS IS EXPRESS$ 9 ! FACT ?AT 9 ?IS =MALLY B\RGEOIS REVOLUTION1 B\RGEOIS SOCIETY'S OPPOSITION TO ABSOLUTISM WILL BE COMM&$ BY ! PROLET>IAT'S OPPOSITION TO B\RGEOIS SOCIETY2 ?AT ! PROLET>IAT'S /RUGGLE WILL BE SIMULTANE\SLY DIRECT$1 ) EQUAL =CE1 AGA9/ ABSOLUTISM & CAPITALI/ EXPLOITATION2 ?AT ! PROGRAM ( REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE IS DIRECT$1 ) EQUAL EMPHASIS1 T[>D POLITICAL FRE$OM & ! EI<T-H\R DAY1 AS WELL AS A MAT]IAL EXI/5CE = ! PROLET>IAT WOR?Y ( HUMANITY4 ,?IS TWO-FOLD *>ACT] ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION MANIFE/S ITSELF 9 ?AT 9N] UNITY & RECIPROCAL ACTION ( ECONOMIC & POLITICAL /RUGGLE 9 :I* WE HAVE BE5 9/RUCT$ BY ! EV5TS 9 ,RUSSIA1 & :I* F9DS ITS NATURAL EXPRESSION 9 ! MASS /RIKE 444 

,SO ! MASS /RIKE %[S ITSELF TO BE NO SPECIFICALLY ,RUSSIAN PRODUCT1 >IS+ FROM ABSOLUTISM1 BUT A UNIV]SAL =M ( PROLET>IAN CLASS /RUGGLE RESULT+ FROM ! PRES5T /AGE ( CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T & CLASS RELATIONS4 ,FROM ?IS /&PO9T1 ! ?REE B\RGEOIS REVOLUTIONS - ! ,GREAT ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION1 ! ,G]MAN ,M>* ,REVOLUTION1 & ! PRES5T ,RUSSIAN ONE - =M AN ON-RUNN+ *A9 ( DEVELOPM5T 9 :I* ! PROSP]ITY & ! 5D ( ! CAPITALI/ C5TURY >E REFLECT$ 444 

,! PRES5T REVOLUTION REALIZES1 9 ! SPECIAL CIRCUM/ANCES ( ABSOLUTI/ ,RUSSIA1 ! UNIV]SAL RESULTS ( 9T]NATIONAL CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T3 & 9 ?IS IT SEEMS LESS A F9AL DESC5DANT ( ! OLD B\RGEOIS REVOLUTIONS ?AN A =]UNN] ( A NEW S]IES ( PROLET>IAN REVOLUTIONS 9 ! ,WE/4 ,JU/ BECAUSE IT HAS SO 9EXCUSABLY DELAY$ ITS B\RGEOIS REVOLUTION1 ! MO/ BACKW>D L& %[S WAYS & ME?ODS ( EXT5D$ CLASS /RUGGLE = ! PROLET>IAT ( ,G]MANY & ! MO/ ADVANC$ CAPITALI/ L&S4 

,E>LI]1 ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY ALSO VIEW$ ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION 9 ! SAME HI/ORICAL P]SPECTIVE4 ,9 ,DECEMB] #a#i#f1 9 COMPLETE AGREEM5T ) MY 9T]PRETATION1 HE WROTE3 

,WE MAY MO/ SPE$ILY MA/] ! LESSONS ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION & ! TASKS :I* IT SETS US1 IF WE REG>D IT AS NEI!R A B\RGEOIS REVOLUTION 9 ! TRADITIONAL S5SE NOR A SOCIALI/ ONE1 BUT AS A :OLLY UNIQUE PROCESS TAK+ PLACE ON ! BORD] L9E BETWE5 B\RGEOIS & SOCIALI/ SOCIETY' IT DEM&S DISSOLUTION ( ! ONE1 PREP>ES = ! =MATION ( ! O!R1 & 9 EI!R CASE BR+S ALL ( HUMANITY UND] CAPITALI/ CIVILIZATION A MI<TY /EP =W>D 9 ITS M>* ( DEVELOPM5T4 .<,DRIV+ ,=CES & ,P]SPECTIVES ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 ,NEUE ,ZEIT1 ,X,X,V4 #a4 P4#c#c#c.> 

,IF ?US ONE GRASPS ! REAL SOCIAL & HI/ORICAL CONDITIONS :I* LIE AT ! ROOT ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION'S SPECIFIC NEW =M ( /RUGGLE1 ! MASS /RIKE ACTION - & ANO!R 9T]PRETATION IS NOT V]Y WELL POSSIBLE )\T PHANTASIZ+ ! ACTUAL C\RSE ( ?IS ACTION \T ( ?9 AIR1 AS ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY N[ DOES ) HIS 0AMORPH\S1 PRIMITIVE /RIKES0 - !N IT IS CLE> ?AT MASS /RIKES AS ! =M ( ! PROLET>IAT'S REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE COME 9TO CONSID]ATION EV5 MORE = ,WE/]N ,EUROPE ?AN 9 ,RUSSIA1 TO ! EXT5T :I* CAPITALISM 79 ,G]MANY1 = EXAMPLE7 IS MU* MORE HI<LY DEVELOP$4 

,9 FACT1 ALL ! CONDITIONS :I* ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY MOBILIZES AGA9/ ! POLITICAL MASS /RIKE >E JU/ SO MANY =CES :I* MU/ MAKE ! MASS /RIKE ACTION 9 ,G]MANY EV5 MORE 9EVITABLE1 EXT5SIVE1 & P[]FUL4 

,! OPPOS+ MI<T ( ! C>TELS :I* ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY 9VOKES1 0SE>*+0 9 VA9 0= ITS LIKE10 ! SLAVI% OB$I5CE 9 :I* ! 5ORM\S CATEGORY ( ,G]MAN /ATE EMPLOYES IS SUNK5 - !SE >E ! V]Y ?+S :I* MAKE A PEACEFUL1 PR(ITABLE UNION ACTION EV] MORE DIFFICULT = ! BULK ( ! ,G]MAN PROLET>IAT4 ,!Y FE$ EV] MI<TI] TRIALS ( /R5G? & EXPLOSIONS 9 ! ECONOMIC SPH]E1 :OSE ELEM5TAL *>ACT] & MASS EXT5SION TAKE ON MORE & MORE POLITICAL MEAN+ ! LONG] !Y CONT9UE4 

,IT IS JU/ ! POLITICAL ISOLATION ( ! PROLET>IAT 9 ,G]MANY TO :I* ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY REF]S1 JU/ ! FACT ?AT ! UNIT$ B\RGEOISIE D[N TO ! LA/ PETTY B\RGEOIS /&S BEH9D ! GOV]NM5T LIKE A WALL1 ?AT %APES EV]Y GREAT POLITICAL /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! GOV]NM5T 9TO A /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! B\RGEOISIE1 AGA9/ EXPLOITATION4 ,& ! SAME CIRCUM/ANCES GU>ANTEE ?AT EV]Y 5]GETIC REVOLUTION>Y MASS ACTION 9 ,G]MANY WILL NOT TAKE P>LIAM5T>Y =MS ( LIB]ALISM OR ! PREVI\S =M ( ! REVOLUTION>Y PETTY B\RGEOISIE'S /RUGGLE1 ! BRIEF B>RICADE BATTLE1 BUT ! CLASSIC PROLET>IAN =M ( ! MASS /RIKE4 

,& F9ALLY3 IT IS JU/ BECAUSE WE 9 ,G]MANY HAVE 0A HALF C5TURY ( SOCIALI/ 5LI<T5M5T & POLITICAL FRE$OM0 BEH9D US1 ?AT AS SOON AS ! SITUATION HAS SO RIP5$ ?AT ! MASSES TAKE TO ! FIELD1 ! ACTION ( ! PROLET>IAT SET 9 MOTION BY EV]Y POLITICAL /RUGGLE WILL ROLL TOGE!R ALL ANCI5T RECKON+S AGA9/ PRIVATE & /ATE EXPLOITATION1 & UNITE ! POLITICAL ) AN ECONOMIC MASS /RUGGLE4 ,=1 AS ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY WROTE 9 #a#i#g3 

,WE HAVE NOT ! SLI<TE/ GR\ND TO ASSUME ?AT ! DEGREE ( EXPLOITATION ( ! ,G]MAN PROLET>IAT IS LESS ?AN ?AT 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 WE HAVE SE5 ?AT ) ! ADVANCE ( CAPITALISM ! EXPLOITATION ( ! PROLET>IAT 9CREASES4 ,IF ! ,G]MAN WORK] IS 9 A SOME:AT BETT] POSITION ?AN ! ,RUSSIAN1 ! PRODUCTIVITY ( HIS LABOR IS ALSO MU* GREAT]1 & ! NE$S 9 RELATION TO ! G5]AL NATIONAL /&>D ( LIV+ >E MU* HI<]3 SO ?AT ! ,G]MAN WORK] F9DS ! CAPITALI/ YOKE P]HAPS EV5 MORE GALL+ ?AN ! ,RUSSIAN DOES4 .<,! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION1 #bND $41 P4#f4.> 

,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY1 :O PA9TS 9 SU* SPL5DID COLORS H[ ! ,G]MAN WORK] IS 0TOTALLY PREOCCUPI$ ) ORGANIZATIONS1 MEET+S1 & ELECTIONS ( ALL SORTS10 HAS = ! MOM5T =GOTT5 ! QUITE 5ORM\S SLAVE H]DS ( ,PRUSSO-,G]MAN /ATE EMPLOYES1 RAILROAD WORK]S & PO/AL WORK]S1 AS WELL AS ! F>M WORK]S1 :O UN=TUNATELY 5JOY V]Y LIMIT$ MEASURE ( ?AT CONT5T$ PREOCCUPATION ) 0ORGANIZATIONS1 MEET+S1 & OPTIONS ( ALL SORTS0 AS LONG AS ! RI<T TO ORGANIZE IS LEGALLY OR PRACTICALLY D5I$ !M4 ,HE HAS =GOTT5 ?AT 9 ! MID/ ( ROYAL ,PRUSSIAN FRE$OM !SE 5ORM\S CATEGORIES LIVE POLITICALLY AS WELL AS ECONOMICALLY 9 G5U9E 0,RUSSIAN0 CONDITIONS1 & ?AT !RE=E !SE V]Y CATEGORIES - NOT TO M5TION ! M9]S - WILL F9D IT IMPOSSIBLE1 9 ! MID/ ( A POLITICAL CONVULSION1 TO MA9TA9 !IR SLAVI% OB$I5CE OR TO REFRA9 FROM PRES5T+ !IR SPECIAL BILL ( RECKON+ 9 ! =M ( GIANT MASS /RIKES4 

,BUT LET US LOOK AT 0,WE/]N ,EUROPE40 ,9 DISPUT+ ALL ?IS1 ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY HAS YET ANO!R OPPON5T BESIDES MYSELF TO DEAL )3 REALITY4 ,SPECIFICALLY1 :AT DO WE SEE H]E :5 WE ONLY DIRECT \R ATT5TION TO ! MO/ IMPORTANT MASS /RIKES ( ! LA/ T5 YE>S8 

,! GREAT ,BELGIAN MASS /RIKES :I* WON UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE /& BY !MSELVES 9 ! '#iS AS A BOLD EXP]IM5T4 ,NEV]!LESS1 :AT DEP? & MULTIDIM5SIONALITY6 

,9 #ai ! MASS /RIKE BY ! M9]S 9 ,P5NSYLVANIA :I*1 ACCORD+ TO ! TE/IMONY ( ,AM]ICAN COMRADES1 DID MORE TO SPREAD SOCIALI/ IDEAS ?AN T5 YE>S ( AGITATION2 ALSO 9 #a#i1 MASS /RIKE BY ! M9]S 9 ,AU/RIA2 #a#i#b1 MASS /RIKE BY ! M9]S 9 ,FRANCE2 #a#i#b1 G5]AL /RIKE BY ALL PRODUCTION WORK]S 9 ,B>CELONA 9 SUPPORT ( ! /RUGGL+ METAL WORK]S2 #a#i#b1 DEMON/RATION MASS /RIKE 9 ,SW$5 = UNIV]SAL1 EQUAL SUFFRAGE2 #a#i#b1 MASS /RIKE 9 ,BELGIUM = UNIV]SAL1 EQUAL SUFFRAGE2 #a#i#b1 MASS /RIKE BY ! F>M WORK]S 9 ALL EA/ ,GALICIA 7OV] #b1 TAK+ P>T7 9 DEF5SE ( ! RI<T TO ORGANIZE2 #a#i#c1 9 ,JANU>Y & ,APRIL1 TWO MASS /RIKES BY ! RAILROAD WORK]S 9 ,HOLL&2 #a#i#d1 MASS /RIKE BY ! RAILROAD WORK]S 9 ,HUNG>Y2 #a#i#d1 DEMON/RATION MASS /RIKE 9 ,ITALY PROTE/+ ! MASSACRES 9 ,S>D9IA2 9 ,JANU>Y #a#i#e1 MASS /RIKE BY ! M9]S 9 ! ,RUHR DI/RICT2 9 ,OCTOB] #a#i#e1 DEMON/RATION MASS /RIKE 9 & >\ND ,PRAGUE 7BY #a1 WORK]S7 = UNIV]SAL1 EQUAL SUFFRAGE 9 ,BOHEMIAN ,L&TAG ELECTIONS2 9 ,OCTOB] #ai DEMON/RATION MASS /RIKE 9 ,LEMBURG = UNIV]SAL EQUAL SUFFRAGE 9 ,GALICIAN ,L&TAG ELECTIONS2 9 ,NOVEMB] #a#i#e1 DEMON/RATION MASS /RIKE 9 ALL ( ,AU/RIA = UNIV]SAL1 EQUAL SUFFRAGE 9 ,REI*SRAT ELECTIONS2 #a#i#e1 MASS /RIKE BY ! ,ITALIAN F>M WORK]S2 #a#i#e1 MASS /RIKE BY ! ,ITALIAN RAILROAD WORK]S2 #a#i#f1 DEMON/RATION MASS /RIKE 9 ,TRIE/E = UNIV]SAL1 EQUAL SUFFRAGE 9 ,L&TAG ELECTIONS :I* VICTORI\SLY =C$ ! RE=M ?R\<2 #a#i#f1 MASS /RIKE BY ! F\NDRY WORK]S 9 ,WITK[IZ 7,MORAVIA7 9 SUPPORT ( #d %OP /EW>DS FIR$ BECAUSE ( ! ,MAY ,DAY CELEBRATION - VICTORI\SLY CONCLUD$2 #a#i#i1 MASS /RIKE 9 ,SW$5 9 DEF5SE ( ! RI<T TO ORGANIZE2 #a#i#i1 MASS /RIKE BY ! PO/AL WORK]S 9 ,FRANCE2 9 ,OCTOB] #a#i#i1 DEMON/RATION MASS /RIKE BY ALL WORK]S 9 ,TRI5T & ,ROV]ETO PROTE/+ ! POLITICAL P]SECUTION ( ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY2 #a#i#a1 MASS /RIKE 9 ,PHILADELPHIA 9 SUPPORT ( ! /REETC> WORK]S' /RUGGLE = ! RI<T TO ORGANIZE2 & AT ?IS MOM5T1 PREP>ATIONS = A MASS /RIKE BY ! RAILROAD WORK]S 9 ,FRANCE4 

,?IS IS ! 0IMPOSSIBILITY0 ( 0,WE/ ,EUROPEAN0 MASS /RIKES1 ESPECIALLY DEMON/RATION MASS /RIKES1 :I* ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY HAS SO BEAUTIFULLY DEMON/RAT$ 9 BLACK & :ITE4 ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY HAS !ORETICALLY PROV$ ! OBVI\S IMPOSSIBILITY ( MIX+ POLITICAL & ECONOMIC /RIKES1 ! IMPOSSIBILITY ( IMPRESSIVE1 G5]AL DEMON/RATION MASS /RIKE1 ! IMPOSSIBILITY ( MASS /RIKES BE+ A P]IOD ( REPEAT$ H&-TO-H& COMBAT4 ,HE HAS =GOTT5 ?AT = ! LA/ T5 YE>S WE HAVE LIV$ 9 A P]IOD ( ECONOMIC1 POLITICAL1 FI<T+ & DEMON/RATION /RIKES3 A P]IOD :I* HAS EXT5D$1 ) /RIK+ UNITY1 OV] ALMO/ ALL 0,WE/ ,EUROPEAN L&S0 AS WELL AS ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES2 OV] ! CAPITALI/ICALLY MO/ BACKW>D LIKE ,SPA91 & ! MO/ ADVANC$ LIKE ,NOR? ,AM]ICA2 OV] L&S ) ! WEAKE/ UNION MOVEM5TS LIKE ,FRANCE1 & ?OSE ) /RAPP+ ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC UNIONS LIKE ,AU/RIA2 OV] AGR>IAN ,GALICIA & HI<LY 9DU/RIALIZ$ ,BOHEMIA2 OV] HALF-FEUDAL /ATES LIKE ! ,HAPSBURG MON>*Y1 REPUBLICS LIKE ,FRANCE1 & ABSOLUTI/ /ATES LIKE ,RUSSIA4 ,& ( C\RSE1 9 ADDITION TO ! ABOVE-5UM]AT$ /&S ,RUSSIA'S GR&IOSE MASS /RIKE ACTION FROM #aib TO #a#i#f1 :I* HAS %[N H[ ! SIGNIFICANCE & EXT5T ( ! MASS /RIKE 9ITIALLY GR[ TOGE!R ) ! REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION & ! POLITICAL ACTION ( ! PROLET>IAT4 

,= :ILE WE DISCUSS ! POLITICAL /RIKE & SE>* = ITS !ORETICAL =MULATION & CONFIRMATION1 ONE MI<TY POLITICAL MASS /RIKE AFT] ANO!R FLAMES UP ?R\< ! SPONTANE\S COMBU/ION ( ! MASSES - OR RA!R EV]Y MASS /RIKE BECOMES A POLITICAL ACTION1 EV]Y GREAT POLITICAL TE/ ( /R5G? CLIMAXES 9 A MASS /RIKE1 :E!R AMONG ! M9]S1 ! PROLET>IAT ( ,RUSSIA1 ! ,ITALIAN F>M WORK]S & RAIL-ROAD WORK]S1 ETC4 .<,K4 ,KAUTSKY1 0,! ,LESSONS ( ! ,M9]S' ,/RIKES10 ,NEUE ,ZEIT ,X,X,I,I,I1 .<#a.>1 P4#g#h#a4.> 

,FROM ?IS IT ALMO/ SEEMS AS IF ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY1 ?R\< HIS NEWE/ !ORY ( ! IMPOSSIBILITY ( A P]IOD ( POLITICAL MASS /RIKES 9 ,G]MANY1 HAS DEMON/RAT$ NOT SO MU* A CONTRADICTION BETWE5 ,RUSSIA & ,WE/]N ,EUROPE AS A CONTRADICTION BETWE5 ,G]MANY & ! RE/ ( ! WORLD - ,WE/]N ,EUROPE & ,RUSSIA ?R[N 9 TOGE!R4 ,PRUSSIA MU/ 9 FACT BE ! EXCEPTION AMONG ALL CAPITALI/ L&S1 IF :AT ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY HAS WORK$ \T ON ! IMPOSSIBILITY ( EV5 %ORT G5]AL DEMON/RATION MASS /RIKES 9 ,PRUSSIA IS TRUE4 ,IT W\LD BE 05TIRELY UN?9KABLE ?AT 9 A DEMON/RATION /RIKE AGA9/ ! GOV]NM5T H]E1 COMMUT] RAILWAYS1 /REETC>S1 & GAS WORKS COME TO A /&/ILL10 ?AT WE 9 ,G]MANY EXP]I5CE A DEMON/RATION /RIKE :I* 0ALT]S ! 5TIRE L&SCAPE1 & 9 SO DO+ MAKES ! DEEPE/ IMPRESSION ON ! 5TIRE B\RGEOIS WORLD AS WELL AS ! MO/ 9DIFF]5T /RATA ( ! PROLET>IAT40 ,BUT !N :AT IS 0UN?9KABLE0 9 ,G]MANY MU/ BE :AT HAS ALREADY PROV$ ITSELF POSSIBLE 9 ,GALICIA1 9 ,BOHEMIA1 9 ,ITALY1 9 ,TRIE/E & ,TR5TO1 9 ,SPA91 & 9 ,SW$54 ,9 ALL !SE L&S & CITIES1 SPL5DID DEMON/RATION /RIKES HAVE TAK5 PLACE :I* COMPLETELY ALT]$ 0! L&SCAPE40 ,9 ,BOHEMIA ON ,NOVEMB] #b1 #a#i#e1 AN ABSOLUTE1 G5]AL WORK /OPPAGE REIGN$ :I* EXT5D$ EV5 TO AGRICULTURE - A ?+ !Y HAVE NOT YET EXP]I5C$ 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,9 ,ITALY 9 ,SEPTEMB] #aid ! F>M WORK]S1 /REETC>S1 ELECTRIC & GAS WORKS TOOK A HOLIDAY1 & EV5 ! DAILY PRESS HAD TO /OP PUBLICATION4 0,IT HAS 9DE$ BECOME ! MO/ TOTAL G5]AL /RIKE10 WROTE ! ,NEUE ,ZEIT1 0?AT HI/ORY KN[S (3 = ?REE :OLE DAYS ! CITY ( ,G5OA WAS LEFT )\T LI<T & BREAD & MEAT2 ALL ECONOMIC LIFE WAS P>ALYZ$40 .<,ODA ,OLB]G1 ,! ,ITALIAN ,G5]AL ,/RIKE1 ,NEUE ,ZEIT ,X,X,I,I,I1 #a1 P4#a#i4.> ,9 ,SW$5'S CAPITAL ,/OCKHOLM1 9 #aib AS WELL AS #a#i#i1 ALL MEANS ( COMMUNICATION & COMM]CE - /REETC>S1 CABS1 WAGONS1 MUNICIPAL S]VICES - W]E %UT D[N 9 ! FIR/ WEEK4 ,9 ,B>CELONA 9 #a#i#b1 ALL ECONOMIC LIFE RE/$ = MANY DAYS4 

,& SO 9 ,PRUSSO-,G]MANY - ) ITS 0/RONGE/ CONTEMPOR>Y GOV]NM5T10 & ITS SPECIAL 0,G]MAN CONDITIONS0 :I* SUPPOS$LY %[ PROLET>IAN ME?ODS ( /RUGGLE1 POSSIBLE 9 ALL ! RE/ ( ! WORLD1 TO BE ALL SORTS ( IMPOSSIBILITIES - WE HAVE F9ALLY ACQUIR$ AN UNEXPECT$ C\NT]P>T TO ?OSE SPECIAL 0,BAV>IAN0 & 0S\? ,G]MAN0 CONDITIONS :I* ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY ONCE SO HE>TILY D]ID$ ) US4 ,BUT 9 P>TICUL>1 !SE ,G]MAN 0IMPOSSIBILITIES0 PLUME !MSELVES ON ! FACT ?AT PRECISELY 9 ,G]MANY WE HAVE ! /RONGE/ P>TY1 ! /RONGE/ UNIONS1 ! BE/ ORGANIZATION1 ! GREATE/ DISCIPL9E1 ! MO/ 5LI<T5$ PROLET>IAT1 & ! GREATE/ 9FLU5CE ( ,M>XISM4 ,BY ?IS ME?OD WE W\LD COME1 9 FACT1 TO ! S+UL> CONCLUSION ?AT ! /RONG] ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY IS1 ! MORE P[]LESS ! PROLET>IAT4 ,BUT ,I BELIEVE ?AT TO SAY MASS /RIKES & DEMON/RATION /RIKES :I* W]E POSSIBLE 9 V>I\S O!R L&S >E IMPOSSIBLE TODAY 9 ,G]MANY1 IS TO FIX A BR& ( 9CAPACITY ON ! ,G]MAN PROLET>IAT :I* IT HAS AS YET DONE NO?+ TO DES]VE4 

O ,P>T #e 3 ,KAUTSKY'S !ORY3 MASS /RIKE IS A ONE-TIME EV5T 

,:AT ACTUALLY REMA9S ( ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY'S MASS /RIKE !ORY1 AFT] HE HAS PO9T$ \T ALL ! 0IMPOSSIBILITIES08 ,! ONE1 0F9AL10 PURE POLITICAL MASS /RIKE1 DIS5GAG$ FROM ECONOMIC /RIKES3 :I* ONCE ONLY1 BUT ) ABSOLUTE CONCLUSIV5ESS1 SMA%ES D[N LIKE ?UND] \T ( ! CLE> BLUE SKY4 ,SAYS ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY3 

,H]E1 9 ?IS CONCEPTION1 LIES ! DEEPE/ GR\ND ( ! DIFF]5CES BETWE5 MY FRI5DS & ME OV] ! MASS /RIKE4 ,!Y ANTICIPATE A P]IOD ( MASS /RIKES4 ,UND] ! EXI/+ CONDITIONS 9 ,G]MANY1 ,I CAN IMAG9E A POLITICAL MASS /RIKE ONLY AS A ONE-TIME EV5T 9TO :I* ! 5TIRE PROLET>IAT ( ! ,REI* 5T]S ) ITS 5TIRE /R5G?2 AS A /RUGGLE TO ! DEA?2 AS A /RUGGLE :I* EI!R OV]?R[S \R 5EMIES1 OR SMA%ES - OR AT LEA/ CRIPPLES - ! TOTALITY ( \R ORGANIZATIONS & \R 5TIRE /R5G? = YE>S ON 5D4 

,AS = ?IS IMAGE ( ! 0F9AL MASS /RIKE0 :I* SWIMS BE=E ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY1 ONE MU/ FIR/ ( ALL SAY ?AT IT IS1 AT ANY RATE1 A TOTALLY1 NEW CREATION3 = IT IS NOT DRAWN FROM REALITY1 BUT \T ( PURE 0IMAG9ATION40 ,= NOT ONLY DOES IT FIT NO ,RUSSIAN PATT]N3 NOT ONE MASS /RIKE ( ! MANY :I* HAVE TAK5 PLACE 9 0,WE/]N ,EUROPE0 OR ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES APPROXIMATELY RESEMBLES ! EXEMPL> :I* ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY HAS 9V5T$ = ,G]MANY4 ,NONE ( ! MASS /RIKES KN[N TILL N[ WAS A 0F9AL0 /RUGGLE 0TO ! DEA?02 NONE L$ TO ! TOTAL VICTORY ( ! WORK]S1 BUT NONE 0SMA%$ ! TOTALITY ( ORGANIZATIONS & ! 5TIRE /R5G?0 ( ! PROLET>IAT 0= YE>S ON 5D40 ,SUCCESS WAS MO/LY A P>TIAL & AN 9DIRECT ONE4 ,! M9]S' GIANT /RIKES USUALLY 5D$ 9 A DIRECT DEFEAT3 BUT AS A FUR!R CONSEQU5CE1 !Y REALIZ$ IMPORTANT SOCIAL RE=MS ?R\< !IR PRESSURE - 9 ,AU/RIA ! N9E-H\R DAY1 9 ,FRANCE ! EI<T-H\R DAY4 ,! MO/ IMPORTANT CONSEQU5CE ( ! ,BELGIAN MASS /RIKE 9 #ahic WAS ! CONQUE/ ( UNIV]SAL1 UNEQUAL SUFFRAGE4 ,LA/ YE>'S ,SW$I% MASS /RIKE1 =MALLY CONCLUD$ ) A COMPROMISE1 ACTUALLY W>D$ (F A G5]AL ATTACK BY ! CONF$]AT$ BUS9ESS WORLD ON ! ,SW$I% UNIONS4 ,9 ,AU/RIA1 DEMON/RATION /RIKES HAVE MI<TILY HA/5$ ELECTORAL RE=M4 ,! MASS /RIKES ( ! F>M WORK]S1 ) !IR =MAL P>TIAL 9EFFECTIV5ESS1 HAVE GREATLY /R5G!N$ ! ORGANIZATION AMONG ! F>M WORK]S ( ,ITALY & ,GALICIA4 ,ALL MASS /RIKES1 :E!R ECONOMIC OR POLITICAL1 DEMON/RATION OR FI<T+ /RIKES1 HAVE CONTA9$ :AT ,COMRADE ,ODA ,OLB]G SO COMPELL+LY DESCRIB$ 9 H] REPORT ( ! ,ITALIAN RAILROAD WORK]S' /RIKE 9 ! ,NEUE ,ZEIT3 

,! A*IEVEM5TS ( ! POLITICAL MASS /RIKE >E 9CALCULABLE3 ITS WOR? CONT9U\SLY GR[S ) ! DEGREE ( PROLET>IAN CLASS CONSCI\SNESS4 ,A POLITICAL /RIKE C>RI$ \T ) 5]GY & SOLID>ITY IS NEV] LO/1 BECAUSE IT IS :AT IT AIMS AT - A DEVELOP+ EX]CISE ( ! PROLET>IAT'S P[] 9 :I* ! FI<T]S /EEL !IR /R5G? & S5SE ( RESPONSIBILITY1 &7 ! RUL+ CLASSES BECOME CONSCI\S ( !IR ADV]S>Y'S MI<T4 .<,NEUE ,ZEIT ,X,X,I,I,I1 #b1 P4#c#h#e4.> 

,BUT IF UNTIL N[ EV]Y MASS /RIKE )\T EXCEPTION1 0,WE/ ,EUROPEAN0 AS WELL AS ,RUSSIAN1 9 DIRECT CONTRADICTION TO ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY'S NEWE/ S*EMA HAS BR\<T ON NEI!R ! TOTAL VICTORY NOR ! DE/RUCTION ( ! PROLET>IAT1 BUT ON ! CONTR>Y AN ALMO/ 9V>IABLE /R5G!N+ ( ! WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS1 CLASS CONSCI\SNESS1 & SELF-CONFID5CE1 !N ON ! O!R SIDE ! QUE/ION >ISES3 H[ CAN ?AT GREAT & 0F9AL10 ?AT APOCALYPTIC MASS /RIKE 9 :I* ! /\TE/ OAKS CRACK1 ! E>? BUR/S ASUND] & ! GRAVES OP5 ACTUALLY COME TO PASS 9 ,G]MANY1 IF ! MASS ( ! PROLET>IAT HAS NOT PREVI\SLY BE5 PREP>$1 S*OOL$1 & >\S$ BY AN 5TIRE L5G?Y P]IOD ( MASS /RIKES1 ( ECONOMIC OR POLITICAL MASS /RUGGLES8 

,ACCORD+ TO ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY1 0! 5TIRE PROLET>IAT ( ! ,REI*0 WILL PLUNGE 9TO ?IS 0F9AL0 MASS /RIKE1 & :AT IS MORE 0) ITS 5TIRE /R5G?40 ,BUT H[ >E ! ,PRUSSO-,G]MAN /ATE EMPLOYES1 ! RAILROAD WORK]S1 PO/AL WORK]S1 ETC41 :O TODAY >E P>ALYZ$ 9 0SLAVI% OB$I5CE10 ! F>M WORK]S :O HAVE NO RI<T TO ORGANIZE & NO ORGANIZATION1 ! BROAD /RATA ( WORK]S /ILL /UCK 9 5EMY ORGANIZATIONS1 9 ,*RI/IAN1 ,HIRS*-,DUNCK]I/1.<,A.> YELL[ UNIONS - 9 %ORT1 ! GREAT MASS ( ! ,G]MAN PROLET>IAT :OM WE HAVE NOT YET REA*$ ) \R UNION ORGANIZATION OR ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC AGITATION - H[ >E !Y SUDD5LY1 ) ONE LEAP1 TO BE READY = A 0F9AL0 MASS /RIKE 0TO ! DEA?0 UNLESS A PREC$+ P]IOD ( TEMPE/U\S MASS /RUGGLES1 DEMON/RATION /RIKES1 P>TIAL MASS /RIKES1 GIANT ECONOMIC /RUGGLES1 ETC41 LOOS5S !M LITTLE BY LITTLE FROM !IR P>ALYZES1 !IR SLAVI% OB$I5CE1 !IR FRAGM5TATION1 & 9CORPORATES !M AMONG ! FOLL[]S ( ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY8 

,EV5 ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY HAD TO SEE ?IS4 0,NATURALLY10 HE SAYS1 0,I DO NOT IMAG9E ?IS ONE-TIME EV5T AS AN ISOLAT$ ACT '%OT FROM A PI/OL4' ,I TOO EXPECT AN ]A ( EMBITT]$ MASS /RUGGLES & MASS ACTIONS1 BUT ) ! MASS /RIKE AS ! F9AL WEAPON40 ,BUT :AT 0MASS /RUGGLES & MASS ACTIONS0 DOES ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY HAVE 9 M9D :I* WILL LEAD TO ?AT 0F9AL0 MASS /RIKE1 :I* DO NOT !MSELVES CONSI/ ( ! MASS /RIKE8 ,C\LD IT BE /REET DEMON/RATIONS8 ,BUT ONE CANNOT SIMPLY HOLD /REET DEMON/RATIONS = DECADES ON 5D4 ,& ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY C]TA9LY RULES \T G5]AL1 IMPRESSIVE DEMON/RATION /RIKES = ,G]MANY3 9DE$1 IT IS 05TIRELY UN?9KABLE ?AT 9 A DEMON/RATION /RIKE AGA9/ ! GOV]NM5T H]E1 COMMUT] RAILWAYS1 /REETC>S1 & GAS WORKS COME TO A /&/ILL40 ,LIKEWISE1 ECONOMIC MASS /RIKES C\LD NOT ACCOMPLI% ?AT PREP>ATION = ! POLITICAL MASS /RIKE3 ACCORD+ TO ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY !Y >E TO BE KEPT AT A /RICT DI/ANCE FROM ! POLITICAL MASS /RIKE1 TO HIM !Y >E NOT AT ALL B5EFICIAL BUT EV5 - ALMO/ H>MFUL4 ,( :AT1 F9ALLY1 %ALL ?OSE 0EMBITT]$0 MASS /RUGGLES & MASS ACTIONS ( ! PREP>ATORY ]A CONSI/8 ,P]HAPS ( 0EMBITT]$0 ,REI*/AG ELECTIONS1 OR MEET+S ) PROTE/ RESOLUTIONS8 ,BUT ?OSE 5ORM\S /RATA ( ! UNORGANIZ$ OR OPPOSITIONALLY ORGANIZ$ PROLET>IAT1 UPON :OM ! 0F9AL0 MASS /RIKE DEP5DS1 UN=TUNATELY /AY AWAY FROM \R MEET+S4 ,& SO IT IS UTT]LY IMPOSSIBLE TO CONCEIVE H[ WE WILL ACTUALLY W91 >\SE1 & S*OOL ! 05TIRE PROLET>IAT ( ! ,REI*0 = ! F9AL /RUGGLE 0TO ! DEA?40 

,:E!R ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY WI%ES IT OR NOT1 HIS F9AL MASS /RIKE1 JU/ 9 RUL+ \T A P]IOD ( ! MASS /RIKE'S ECONOMIC & POLITICAL *>ACT]1 COMES AT US SIMPLY %OT FROM A PI/OL4 

,BUT F9ALLY1 ONE MU/ ASK3 :AT K9D ( A 0F9AL0 MASS /RIKE IS ?IS1 ?AT COMES ONLY ONCE & 9 :I* ! 5TIRE PROLET>IAT ( ! ,REI* WILL GRAPPLE TO ! DEA?8 ,%\LD WE UND]/& BY ?IS A P]IODIC 0F9AL0 MASS /RIKE :I* 9 EV]Y GREAT POLITICAL CAMPAIGN - = EXAMPLE1 = ,PRUSSIAN VOT+ RI<TS1 TO PREV5T ! \TBREAK ( W>1 ETC4 - WILL F9ALLY GIVE ! DECISION8 ,BUT ONE CANNOT P]IODICALLY /RUGGLE 0TO ! DEA?0 AGA9 & AGA94 ,PA9T$ ?US1 A MASS /RIKE 9 :I* ! 05TIRE PROLET>IAT0 GRAPPLES 0) ITS 5TIRE /R5G?0 0TO ! DEA?0 CAN ONLY BE ! /RUGGLE = TOTAL POLITICAL P[] 9 ! /ATE3 OBVI\SLY ! 0F9AL0 /RUGGLE 0TO ! DEA?0 CAN ONLY BE ?AT 9 :I* ! PROLET>IAT WRE/LES = ITS DICTATOR%IP & TO F9I% (F ! B\RGEOIS CLASS-/ATE4 ,9 ?IS WAY1 ! POLITICAL MASS /RIKE = ,G]MANY )DRAWS F>!R & F>!R4 ,FIR/1 ?R\< ! 0/RATEGY ( ATTRITION0 IT WAS EXPECT$ ! YE> AFT] ! ,REI*/AG ELECTIONS3 N[ IT VANI%ES FROM SI<T AS ! 0F9AL1 0 ! SOLIT>Y MASS /RIKE & TEASES US1 FROM BEYOND ! BLUE HORIZON1 ) - ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 

,LET US N[ RECALL ! /IPULATIONS :I* ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY1 9 HIS FIR/ >TICLE 0,:AT ,N[80 ATTA*ES TO ACCOMPLI%M5T ( ! POLITICAL MASS /RIKE - /RICTE/ SECRECY ( PREP>ATIONS1 DECISION-MAK+ BY ! SUPREME 0W> C\NCIL0 ( ! P>TY1 ! GREATE/ POSSIBLE SURPRISE ( ! 5EMY - & WE UNEXPECT$LY RECEIVE A M5TAL IMAGE :I* BE>S A /RONG RESEMBLANCE TO ! 0F9AL ,GREAT ,DAY0 ( ! G5]AL /RIKE AFT] ! AN>*I/ =MULA4 ,! IDEA ( ! MASS /RIKE IS TRANS=M$ FROM A HI/ORICAL PROCESS ( ! MOD]N PROLET>IAN CLASS /RUGGLES 9 !IR DECADES-LONG P]IOD ( CONCLUSION1 9TO A FREE-=-ALL 9 :I* ! 05TIRE PROLET>IAT ( ! ,REI*10 ) ONE JOLT1 SUDD5LY BR+S D[N ! B\RGEOIS SOCIAL ORD]4 

,BUT :AT DID ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY WRITE 9 #aig 9 HIS ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION1 #bND $ITION1 P4#e#d8 

,?AT IS NONS5SICAL4 ,A G5]AL /RIKE 9 :I* ALL WORK]S 9 A C\NTRY CEASE !IR LABORS AT A GIV5 SIGNAL PRESUPPOSES A UNAM9ITY & ORGANIZATION ( ! WORK]S :I* CAN H>DLY BE REA*$ 9 ! PRES5T SOCIETY - & IF IT W]E REA*$1 W\LD BE SO IRRESI/IBLE AS TO DISP5SE ) ! G5]AL /RIKE4 ,BUT SU* A /RIKE1 ) ONE JOLT1 W\LD SUDD5LY R5D] NOT M]ELY ! EXI/+ SOCIETY1 BUT EV]Y EXI/5CE IMPOSSIBLE - ?AT ( ! PROLET>IANS EV5 SOON] ?AN ?AT ( ! CAPITALI/S4 ,IT W\LD ?US 9FALLIBLY BREAK AT ! V]Y MOM5T IT BEGAN TO UNFOLD ITS REVOLUTION>Y EFFECT4 

,AS A MEANS ( POLITICAL /RUGGLE1 ! /RIKE C\LD H>DLY 7C]TA9LY NOT 9 ! =ESEEABLE FUTURE7 ASSUME ! =M ( A /RIKE BY ALL WORK]S 9 A C\NTRY 444 ,WE FACE A P]IOD :5 ! ISOLAT$1 NONPOLITICAL /RIKE WILL BE AS HOPELESS AGA9/ ! SUP]IOR /R5G? ( ! C>TELS AS ! ISOLAT$ P>LIAM5T>Y ACTION ( ! WORK]S' P>TIES IS AGA9/ ! =CE ( ! CAPITALI/-CONTROLL$ /ATE P[]4 ,IT WILL BECOME EV] MORE URG5T = EA* TO SUPPLEM5T ! O!R & DRAW NEW /R5G? FROM !IR JO9T ACTION4 

,LIKE ! USE ( EV]Y NEW WEAPON1 ?AT ( ! POLITICAL /RIKE MU/ FIR/ BE LE>N$4 

,& SO ! MORE ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY TURN$ TO BROAD !ORETICAL G5]ALIZATIONS TO JU/IFY HIS POSITION 9 ! ,PRUSSIAN VOT+ RI<TS /RUGGLE1 ! MORE HE LO/ SI<T ( ! G5]AL P]SPECTIVE ( ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE & 9 ,G]MANY - :I* 9 PREVI\S YE>S HE NEV] TIR$ ( PO9T+ \T4 ,9DE$1 HE HIMSELF HAD AN UNCOM=TABLE S5SE ( HIS PRES5T VIEWPO9T'S 9CONGRU5CE ) HIS E>LI] ONE1 & WAS !RE=E GOOD 5\< TO COMPLETELY REPRODUCE HIS #aid >TICLE S]IES 0,REVOLUTION>IES ,EV]Y:]E0 9 ! F9AL1 ?IRD P>T ( HIS REPLY TO ME4 ,! CRASS CONTRADICTION IS NOT !REBY DONE AWAY )3 IT HAS ONLY RESULT$ 9 ! *AOTIC1 FLICK]+ *>ACT] ( ?AT >TICLE'S LA/ P>T1 :I* SO REM>KABLY LESS5S ONE'S PLEASURE 9 READ+ IT4 

,BUT NOT ?AT >TICLE S]IES ALONE IS 9 %RILL DISSONANCE ) :AT ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY N[ ADVANCES4 ,9 HIS ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION1 WE READ ?AT WE WILL 5T] A :OLE L5G?Y P]IOD ( REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLES 9 :I* ! POLITICAL MASS /RIKE WILL 0SURELY PLAY A GREAT ROLE0 7P4#e#d74 ,! 5TIRE PAMPHLET ,! ,ROAD TO ,P[] IS DEVOT$ TO ! DEPICTION ( ! SAME P]SPECTIVE4 ,YES1 H]E WE HAVE ALREADY 5T]$ 9TO ! REVOLUTION>Y P]IOD4 ,H]E ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY REVIEWS ! 0POLITICAL TE/AM5T0 ( ,FRI$RI* ,5GELS & DECL>ES ! TIME ( ! 0/RATEGY ( ATTRITION10 :I* CONSI/S ( LEGAL EXPLOITATION ( ! GIV5 /ATE GR\NDWORK1 TO BE ALREADY PA/3 

,AT ! BEG9N+ ( ! '#iS1 ,I ACKN[L$G$ ?AT A PEACEFUL DEVELOPM5T ( PROLET>IAN ORGANIZATIONS & ! PROLET>IAN CLASS /RUGGLE ON ! GIV5 /ATE GR\NDWORK W\LD BR+ ! PROLET>IAT F>!/ =W>D 9 ! SITUATION ( ?AT TIME4 ,& SO Y\ CANNOT REPROA* ME ) A CRAV+ = ! 9TOXICATION ( RRREVOLUTION & RRRADICALISM :5 MY OBS]VATION ( ! PRES5T SITUATION LEADS ME TO ! VIEW ?AT CONDITIONS HAVE FUNDAM5TALLY *ANG$ S9CE ! BEG9N+ ( ! '#iS1 ?AT WE HAVE EV]Y REASON TO ASSUME WE HAVE 5T]$ 9TO A P]IOD ( /RUGGLES = ! /ATE 9/ITUTIONS & /ATE P[]3 /RUGGLES :I* UND] MANIFOLD *ANGES ( =TUNE C\LD BE DRAWN \T = DECADES1 :OSE =MS & DURATION >E UN=ESEEABLE AT PRES5T1 BUT :I* WILL MO/ PROBABLY BR+ AB\T A CONSID]ABLE 9CREASE 9 ! PROLET>IAT'S P[] 9 ! =ESEEABLE FUTURE1 IF NOT 9DE$ ITS TOTAL P[] 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE4 

,& F>!R ON3 

,BUT 9 ?IS UNIV]SAL 9/ABILITY1 ! IMM$IATE TASKS ( ! PROLET>IAT >E CLE>LY GIV54 ,WE HAVE ALREADY DEVELOP$ !M4 ,!RE WILL BE NO FUR!R PROGRESS )\T ALT]+ ! /ATE GR\NDWORK ON :I* WE WAGE ! /RUGGLE4 ,TO MO/ 5]GETICALLY /RIVE = DEMOCRACY 9 ! ,REI*1 BUT ALSO 9 ! 9DIVIDUAL /ATES - SPECIFICALLY 9 ,PRUSSIA & ,SAXONY - ?AT IS ITS FIR/ TASK 9 ,G]MANY2 ITS FIR/ 9T]NATIONAL TASK IS ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ GEOPOLITICS & MILIT>ISM4 

,AS CLE>LY VISIBLE AS !SE PROBLEMS >E ! MEANS AT \R COMM& = !IR SOLUTION4 ,TO ?OSE PREVI\SLY EMPLOY$ IS N[ ADD$ ! MASS /RIKE1 :I* WE HAD ALREADY !ORETICALLY ACCEPT$ AT ! BEG9N+ ( ! '#iS1 & :OSE APPLICABILITY UND] FAVORABLE CIRCUM/ANCES HAS S9CE !N BE5 REPEAT$LY DEMON/RAT$4 .<,! ,ROAD TO ,P[]1 PP4#e#c1 #a#a4 ,MY EMPHASIS4 ,R4,L4.> 

,9 HIS ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION1 9 ,! ,ROAD TO ,P[]1 9 ! ,NEUE ,ZEIT ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY PREA*$ ! 0POLITICAL /RIKE0 TO ! ,G]MAN UNIONS AS ! 0NEW TACTIC0 :I* W\LD BE COMPELL$ MORE & MORE AS ! C>TELS CONDEMN$ ! PURE UNION /RIKE TO MORE & MORE 9EFFECTIV5ESS4 ,9DE$ IT WAS ?IS CONCEPT :I* L$ HIM1 9 BYGONE YE>S1 TO AN EMBITT]$ FEUD ) ! ,CORRESPOND5CE ,BULLET9 ( ! ,G5]AL ,COMMISSION ( ,UNIONS4 

,N[ ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY W\LD /RICTLY SEV] ECONOMIC /RIKES FROM POLITICAL ACTION4 ,N[ HE DECL>ES ?AT ALL /RIKES 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE MU/ UNCONDITIONALLY A*IEVE 0DEF9ITE SUCCESSES0 OR !Y HAVE 0FAIL$ !IR PURPOSE02 & AS ! MEANS ( 0ORGANIZ+ ! PROLET>IAT1 HEI<T5+ ITS 9SI<T & S5SE ( /R5G?1 & 9CREAS+ ! MASSES' CONFID5CE 9 !IR ORGANIZATIONS10 HE C\NTS ONLY 0SUCCESSFULLY F\<T CAMPAIGNS = HI<] WAGES40 ,AFT] ALL1 WE NE$ NO?+ SO URG5TLY N[ AS 0VISIBLE SUCCESSES0 TO IMPRESS ! MASSES4 0,BUT !RE >E FEW SUCCESSES :I* SO VISIBLY DOCUM5T \R M\NT+ /R5G? TO ! MASSES AS ELECTORAL VICTORIES1 AS ! CONQUE/ ( NEW M&ATES40 ,?US1 ,REI*/AG ELECTIONS & M&ATES - ?AT IS ,MOSES & ! PROPHETS6 

,N[ WE HE> ?AT ! ,G]MAN WORK] IS ONLY READY = 0SAFE0 DEMON/RATIONS1 ?AT 0A M]E DEMON/RATION /RIKE IS NOT EV5 ! MO/ IMPRESSIVE0 =M ( POLITICAL PROTE/1 ?AT 0A VICTORI\S ,REI*/AG ELECTION MAKES A F> GREAT] IMPACT06 ,& F9ALLY 0A REAL MASS DEMON/RATION0 WOR? ANY?+ AT ALL1 0:I* IS NOT REQUIR$ = IMM$IATE DEF5SE1 BUT :I* SIMPLY PROTE/S AN 9JU/ICE ALREADY EXI/+ = OV] HALF A C5TURY03 SU* A DEMON/RATION /RIKE 0)\T A P[]FUL MOTIVE0 W\LD H>DLY BE POSSIBLE 9 ,G]MANY4 ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY HAS SIMPLY NOT NOTIC$ ?AT ) HIS >GUM5TATION HE HAS1 9 PASS+1 LEAK$ \T ! F9E/ !ORETICAL GR\ND = - ! ABOLITION ( ,MAY ,DAY4 

,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY QUITE RI<TLY REM9DS US ?AT 0EV5 BE=E ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION0 HE GAVE AN EXACT DESCRIPTION ( ! WORK+ ( A POLITICAL MASS /RIKE 9 HIS >TICLE 0,REVOLUTION>IES ,EV]Y:]E40 ,BUT IT SEEMS TO ME ?AT :AT MATT]S IS NOT M]ELY TO SKET* REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLES & !IR EXT]NAL C\RSE 9 !ORETICAL AB/RACTION - ?AT IS1 9 ,NEV]-,NEV] ,L& - & TO PROJECT !IR G5]AL S*EMA3 IT IS EQUALLY A MATT] ( GIV+1 AT ! SAME TIME1 ?OSE SLOGANS 9 PRACTICE :I* WILL RELEASE ! MAXIMUM ( ! PROLET>IAT'S REVOLUTION>Y 5]GY & DRIVE ! SITUATION =W>D ! F>!/ & FA/E/4 

,GRANT$1 9 HIS NUM]\S >TICLES & HIS PAMPHLETS ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY HAS GIV5 US1 ) COMPELL+ CL>ITY1 A PICTURE ( ! REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLES ( ! FUTURE4 ,= EXAMPLE1 9 HIS #aid DESCRIPTION ( ! MASS /RIKE HE ALREADY %[$ H[ 0EV]Y MANSION1 EV]Y GRAN>Y1 EV]Y FACTORY1 EV]Y TELEGRAPH (FICE1 EV]Y /RET* ( RAILROAD IS MILIT>ILY GU>D$02 H[ ! SOLDI]S >E LOOS$ UPON ! MASSES EV]Y:]E1 & H[ 9 SPITE ( ?IS IT NEV] COMES TO A BATTLE 0= :]EV] !Y COME ! MASSES SCATT]1 TO REASSEMBLE :]EV] ! SOLDI]S HAVE NOT YET >RIV$ OR HAVE JU/ LEFT02 H[ FIR/ 0GAS & ELECTRIC WORKS %UT D[N1 /REETC>S /OP RUNN+1 F9ALLY EV5 ! MAILS & RAILROADS SEIZ$ BY ! /RIKE FEV]2 FIR/ ! /ATE WORK]S /RIKE1 !N ! JUNIOR CIVIL S]VANTS AS WELL0 9 %ORT1 ALL IS H]E ) A ?REE-DIM5SIONALITY1 LIFE1 & REALISM ?AT >E ALL ! MORE REM>KABLE1 9 ?AT HE DEALS ) EV5TS COM+ AT US \T ( ! BLUE SKY4 ,BUT :5 FROM !SE AE!RIAL HEI<TS1 :]E !ORY CALMLY CIRCLES LIKE AN EAGLE1 ! QUE/ION FIR/ PLUNG$ TO ! FLAT L& ( ! ,PRUSSIAN VOT+ RI<TS CAMPAIGN1 !N SUDD5LY ! BRA9LESS & PLANLESS ,PRUSSIAN GOV]NM5T WAS TRANSFIGUR$ 9TO A RO*] DE BRONZE .<ROCK ( BRONZE - ,TR4.>2 ! ,G]MAN CONDITIONS DEPICT$ 9 ,! ,ROAD TO ,P[] AS READY = SOCIAL REVOLUTION 7,HURRAH6 ,M>* ON6 ,M>* ON67 TURN$ 9TO A FROZ5 L& :]E 0IT IS ABSOLUTELY UN?9KABLE0 ?AT WORK]S 9 /ATE WORK%OPS & CIVIL S]VANTS1 BE !Y JUNIOR OR S5IOR1 TAKE P>T 9 A DEMON/RATION2 & ! 0REVOLUTION>Y ]A :I* IS >IS+0 TRANS=M$ ITSELF 9TO AN 9DU/RI\S PREP>ATION = ,REI*/AG ELECTIONS1 = 0!RE >E FEW SUCCESSES :I* SO VISIBLY DOCUM5T \R /R5G? TO ! MASSES0 AS - ,REI*/AG M&ATES4 

,HEAV5-/ORM+ !ORY - & 0ATTRITION0 9 PRACTICE2 MO/ REVOLUTION>Y P]SPECTIVES 9 ! CL\DS - & ,REI*/AG M&ATES AS SOLE P]SPECTIVE 9 REALITY4 ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY DECL>$ HIS CAMPAIGN AGA9/ ME ) ! URG5T NECESSITY ( RESCU+ ! IDEA ( ! MASS /RIKE FROM COMPROMISE4 ,I FE> IT W\LD HAVE BE5 BETT] = ! IDEA ( ! MASS /RIKE AS WELL AS ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY1 IF ?IS RESCUE HAD BE5 =BORNE4 

O ,P>T #f 3 ,PRUSSIA3 ! MASS /RIKE >ISES FROM ! MASSES 

,LET US RETURN TO ,PRUSSIA4 

,AT ! BEG9N+ ( ,M>*1 9 VIEW ( ! VOT+ RI<TS CAMPAIGN :I* HAD BEGUN & ! M\NT+ DEMON/RATION MOVEM5T1 ,I DECL>$ ?AT IF ! P>TY WI%$ TO LEAD ! MOVEM5T F>!R =W>D IT MU/ MAKE ! SLOGAN ( ! MASS /RIKE ! ORD] ( ! DAY1 & ?AT A DEMON/RATION MASS /RIKE W\LD BE ! FIR/ /EP T[>D ?IS 9 ! PRES5T SITUATION4 ,I CONSID]$ ?AT ! P>TY FAC$ A DILEMMAS IT W\LD EI!R RAISE ! VOT+ RI<TS MOVEM5T TO %>P] =MS OR1 AS 9 #a#i#h1 ! MOVEM5T W\LD GO BACK TO SLEEP AFT] A %ORT TIME4 ,9DE$1 ?IS WAS :AT SUMMON$ ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY TO ! FIELD ( BATTLE AGA9/ ME4 

,& :AT DO WE SEE8 ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY PO9TS \T ?AT1 ME TO ! CONTR>Y1 WE HAVE C]TA9LY NOT EXP]I5C$ A H9T ( A MASS /RIKE2 HE TRIUMPHS ?AT ! SITUATION HAS /RUCK MY 9ITIATIVE 0DEAD AS A DOORNAIL40 ,N[ IT SEEMS ?AT 9 HIS POLEMIC ZEAL1 ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY HAS COMPLETELY OV]LOOK$ SOME?+ ELSE ?AT HAS UN=TUNATELY BE5 /RUCK 0DEAD AS A DOORNAIL03 NAMELY ! DEMON/RATIONS1 & ) !M ! VOT+ RI<TS MOVEM5T ITSELF4 

,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY >GUES AGA9/ ME ?AT AN 9T5SIFICATION ( ! DEMON/RATIONS IS 5TIRELY UNNECESS>Y1 ?AT ! P>TY FACES NO DILEMMA1 ?AT ! MA9 ?+ IS 0TO BR+ AB\T ! WID] EMPLOYM5T ( /REET DEMON/RATIONS - NOT TO SLACK5 9 ?IS1 BUT ON ! CONTR>Y TO MAKE !M EV] MI<TI]40 .<,:AT ,N[81 ,NEUE ,ZEIT1 #ae ,APRIL #a#i#a1 P4#g#a4.> ,WELL1 S9CE ,APRIL ! /REET DEMON/RATIONS HAVE TOTALLY CEAS$4 ,& NOT1 9DE$1 ?R\< SOME LACK ( 5?USIASM & FI<T+ SPIRIT AMONG ! MASSES3 !IR 9N] CREATIVITY HAS NOT GONE TO SLEEP4 ,NO1 ! /REET DEMON/RATIONS W]E SIMPLY CALL$ (F BY ! LEAD+ P>TY AU?ORITIES 9 ! FACE ( ! /RUGGLES & 5DEAVORS ( ! PROV9CES1 AS ! #a/ ( ,MAY HAS %[N1 AS ! ,MAY DEMON/RATIONS 9 ,BRESLAU & ,BRAUNS*WEIG HAVE FUR!R %[N - DELIB]ATELY CALL$ (F4 ,JU/ AS ,I WROTE 9 MY FIR/ REPLY 9 ! ,NEUE ,ZEIT1 EV5 AT ! 5D ( ,M>* - )\T AWAIT+ ! FUR!R C\RSE ( EV5TS & ( ! SITUATION - UND] PRESSURE ( ! MOOD ( ! PROV9CES1 !Y >RANG$ ! ,APRIL #a DEMON/RATION ) ! FEEL+3 ,AN 5D TO ?IS AT LA/6 ,& AN 5D HAS BE5 MADE4 ,NO DEMON/RATIONS1 NOT EV5 MEET+S TAKE UP ! VOT+ RI<TS QUE/ION1 ! /ORM-BREA?+ RUBRIC ( ! VOT+ RI<TS /RUGGLE HAS DISAPPE>$ FROM ! P>TY PRESS4 ,& ?IS CIRCUM/ANCE CAN S]VE AS SURE/ SYMPTOM ?AT ! ?+1 = ! TIME BE+1 IS OV] & NO LONG] ACTUAL3 ?AT \R LEAD+ C5TRAL ORGAN ,VORW>TS BEGAN TO CONC]N ITSELF ) TACTICS 9 ! VOT+ RI<TS /RUGGLE4 0,! POPUL> MOVEM5T 9 ! GR& /YLE0 IS MEAN:ILE S5T BACK HOME4 

,:AT DOES ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY SAY TO ?IS8 ,DOES HE :O BR\<T 0,JE/1 ,SATIRE1 ,IRONY & ,DEEP] ,MEAN+0 .<! TITLE ( A COM$Y BY ,*RI/IAN ,DIETRI* ,GRABBE4.> TO BE> ON ME V5TURE ! SLI<TE/ WORD ( REPROA* TO ! 0HI<] AU?ORITIES0 :O1 DESPITE HIS W>N+ 0NOT TO SLACK5 9 ! /REET DEMON/RATIONS10 HAVE PLA9LY KILL$ ! DEMON/RATION MOVEM5T8 ,ON ! CONTR>Y3 H]E ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY IS ALL ADMIRATION1 HE CAN F9D ONLY WORDS ( WOND] = 0! LATE/ DEMON/RATION CAMPAIGN0 :I* 0WAS ! MODEL ( A SUCCESSFUL /RATEGY ( ATTRITION40 ,QUITE RI<T4 ,?IS IS JU/ H[ IT LOOKS 9 PRACTICE1 ?IS 0/RATEGY ( ATTRITION0 :I*1 0WORN D[N0 BY TWO BOLD /EPS =W>D1 RE/S ON ITS LAURELS & LETS ! CRA%+ OV]TURE ( ! 0POPUL> MOVEM5T 9 ! GR& /YLE0 RUN D[N 9TO ! G5TLE PURR+ ( PREP>ATIONS = ,REI*/AG ELECTIONS4.<A.> 

,SO ! VOT+ RI<TS MOVEM5T IS AGA9 BR\<T TO A /&/ILL = ONE1 P]HAPS TWO YE>S3 & :AT IS MORE1 AT SU* A WELL-*OS5 MOM5T ?AT WE HAVE R5D]$ ! GOV]NM5T ! GREATE/ S]VICE ANYONE C\LD HAVE POSSIBLY DONE IT4 

,! )DRAWAL ( ! SUFFRAGE BILL BY ,BE?MANN-,HOLLWEG WAS ! DECISIVE MOM5T4 ,! GOV]NM5T WAS 9 A TI<T CORN]4 ,! P>LIAM5T>Y PAT*WORK ( ELECTORAL RE=M & ! P>LIAM5T>Y HORSE-TRAD+ W]E BANKRUPT4 ,! 5EMY WAS AT ! 5D ( HIS ROPE4 ,IF WE REALLY W]E S]I\S AB\T PRACTIC+ ! 0VOT+ RI<TS /ORM10 AB\T ! SLOGAN 0NO PEACE 9 ,PRUSSIA10 AB\T ! GREAT WORDS ( ! ,PRUSSIAN P>TY CONV5TION1 !N ! COLLAPSE ( ! GOV]NM5T BILL WAS ! GIV5 MOM5T TO IMM$IATELY LAUN* A G5]AL1 GR&IOSE ATTACK \T ( ?IS FIASCO ( P>LIAM5T>Y ACTION ) ! CRY 0,GIVE US A NEW BILL601 ) /REET DEMON/RATIONS ACROSS ! :OLE C\NTRY :I* W\LD !N HAVE L$ TO A DEMON/RATION MASS /RIKE & MI<TILY DRIV5 ! /RUGGLE =W>D4 ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY1 :O HAS MO/ GRACI\SLY PROPOS$ TO ACKN[L$GE SU* BRA9 /ORMS AS 0>M$0 ASSEMBLY 9 ,TREPT[] ,P>K.<,B.> AS ! APPLICATION ( MY 0/RATEGY10 HAS H]E A CLE> EXAMPLE ( :AT 0MY /RATEGY0 REALLY CALLS =4 ,NOT *ILDI% ,DON ,QUIXOT]IES LIKE ?OSE ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY DEM&S ( ME1 BUT POLITICAL EXPLOITATION ( ! 5EMY'S DEFEAT AS ! ONLY VICTORY - :I*1 MOREOV]1 IS NOT SO MU* ! DISCOV]Y ( SOME 0NEW /RATEGY10 BUT RA!R ! ,A,B,C ( EV]Y REVOLUTION>Y1 YES1 ( EV]Y S]I\S BATTLE TACTIC4 

,?AT WAS ! P>TY'S TASK4 ,& ,I AM NOT H]E PRON\NC+ ! P>TY'S UNQUALIFI$ DUTY TO OP5 A 0REVOLUTION>Y P]IOD0 EV]Y ,MONDAY & ,?URSDAY4 ,BUT ,I FEEL ?AT IF ! P>TY BEG9S AN ACTION1 IF IT HAS SUMMON$ UP ! /ORM & CALL$ ITS M5-AT->MS1 ! PEOPLE1 TO ! FIELD ( BATTLE1 IF IT HAS SPOK5 ( A 0POPUL> MOVEM5T 9 ! GR& /YLE0 & ATTACK 0BY ALL =CES0 - !N IT D>E NOT1 AFT] TWO ADVANCES1 SUDD5LY SCRAT* ITS HEAD1 GAPE AB\T1 & DECL>E3 0,NEV] M9D 444 WE DIDN'T MEAN IT S]I\SLY ?IS TIME 444 LET'S GO HOME40 ,9 MY OP9ION SU* /ORM-MONG]+ ON APPROVAL & AT WORD ( COMM& IS UNWOR?Y ( ! P>TY'S GREATNESS & ! S]I\SNESS ( ! SITUATION1 & 9CL9$ TO DISCR$IT ! P>TY 9 ! EYES ( ! MASSES4 ,FUR!R1 ! VOT+ RI<TS & DEMON/RATION MOVEM5T :I* HAD BEGUN WAS AN EXCELL5T OPPORTUNITY = >\S+ & 5LI<T5+ ! 9DIFF]5T MASSES1 & = W9N+ UNSYMPA!TICALLY-M9D$ CIRCLES ( WORK]S AS \R REGUL> AGITATION IS NOT 9 ! LEA/ 9 A POSITION TO DO4 ,BY DELIB]ATELY /OPP+ ! MOVEM5T %ORT1 ! P>TY HAS LEFT ?IS SPL5DID OPPORTUNITY UNEXPLOIT$ AFT] ! MO/ BEAUTIFUL BEG9N+4 

,BUT FUR!R1 & ABOVE ALL1 POLITICAL PO9TS ( VIEW COME 9TO QUE/ION4 ,IT IS MO/ %ORT-SI<T$ TO ME*ANICALLY DIVIDE ! QUE/ION ( ,PRUSSIAN ELECTORAL RE=M FROM ! QUE/ION ( ,REI*/AG VOT+ RI<TS & TO DECL>E ?AT \R BIG GUNS WON'T GO 9TO ACTION OV] ! ,PRUSSIAN VOT+ RI<TS /RUGGLE1 ?AT WE'LL SAVE !M 9 CASE ,REI*/AG VOT+ RI<TS >E ANNULL$ AFT] ! ,REI*/AG ELECTIONS4 ,PLA9LY1 ONE MU/ DELIB]ATELY CLOSE ONE'S EYES TO ! ACTUAL 9T]CONNECTIONS NOT TO SEE ?AT 9 ! PRES5T SITUATION1 /RUGGLE = ,PRUSSIAN ELECTORAL RE=M IS ESS5TIALLY NO?+ O!R ?AN /RUGGLE = ,REI*/AG VOT+ RI<TS4 ,IT IS CLE> ?AT AN 5]GETIC & VICTORI\S CAMPAIGN = ,PRUSSIAN VOT+ RI<TS IS ! SURE/ WAY TO P>RY1 9 ADVANCE1 A BL[ AGA9/ ,REI*/AG VOT+ RI<TS4 ,! RESOLUTE & P]SI/ANT FOLL[-?R\< ( ! VOT+ RI<TS /RUGGLE W\LD SIMULTANE\SLY HAVE BE5 A DEF5SIVE ACTION AGA9/ ! REACTION'S HANK]+ = A C\P D'ETAT - AN ACTION :I* W\LD HAVE HAD ALL ! ADVANTAGES ( AN (F5SE OV] A =C$ DEF5SE4 

,N[ ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY OBJECTS - & ?IS IS HIS LA/ TRUMP - ?AT S9CE ! MASS /RIKE HAS NOT1 AS WE SEE1 BROK5 \T1 ?AT IS ! BE/ PRO( H[ LITTLE IT FL[$ FROM ! SITUATION & H[ MI/AK5 MY /&PO9T WAS3 

,BUT ! V]Y FACT ?AT IT IS /ILL BE+ DEBAT$ %[S ?AT ! SITUATION IS /ILL NOT ?IS RIPE4 ,AS LONG AS ONE CAN /ILL DISPUTE & 9VE/IGATE :E!R OR NOT ! MASS /RIKE IS OPPORTUNE1 ! PROLET>IAT AS A COLLECTIVE MASS IS NOT FILL$ ) ?AT MASS EXASP]ATION & S5SE ( /R5G? :I* >E NECESS>Y IF ! MASS /RIKE IS TO BE ACCOMPLI%$4 ,IF ! NECESS>Y MOOD = IT HAD BE5 PRES5T 9 ,M>*1 !N A DISSUASIVE VOICE LIKE M9E W\LD HAVE BE5 SMO!R$ UND] A PROTE/1 ( RAG+ ANG]4 

,H]E ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY %[S AN 9T]E/+ OSCILLATION BETWE5 EXTREMES3 N[ ! MASS /RIKE IS A C\P C>EFULLY HAT*$ 9 ! 9N] SANCTUM ( ! W> C\NCIL1 SECRETLY PREP>$ 9 :ISP]S2 N[ IT IS 0AN ELEM5TAL UPHEAVAL :OSE COMM5CEM5T CANNOT BE BR\<T AB\T AT WILL1 :I* ONE CAN AWAIT BUT NOT >RANGE40 ,I FEEL ?AT ! TASK ( ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY & ITS LEAD]%IP CONSI/S NEI!R ! SECRETIVE HAT*+ ( 0GREAT PLANS0 NOR ! 0AWAIT+0 ( ELEM5TAL UPHEAVALS4 ,MASS'' /RIKES - AS ,I CLE>LY /AT$ 9 MY FIR/ >TICLE 9 ! ,DORTMUND ,>BEIT]-,ZEITUNG - CANNOT BE 0MADE0 BY AN ORD] FROM ! 0SUPREME COMM&10 !Y MU/ >ISE FROM ! MASSES & !IR ADVANC+ ACTION4 ,BUT POLITICALLY1 9 ! S5SE ( AN 5]GETIC TACTIC1 A P[]FUL (F5SIVE1 TO SO LEAD ?IS ACTION =W>D ?AT ! MASSES >E EV] MORE CONSCI\S ( !IR TASKS - ?AT ! P>TY CAN DO1 & ?AT IS ALSO ITS DUTY4 ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY CANNOT >TIFICIALLY CREATE A REVOLUTION>Y MASS MOVEM5T2 BUT1 CIRCUM/ANCES P]MITT+1 IT CAN C]TA9LY CRIPPLE ! F9E/ MASS ACTION ?R\< ITS WAV]+1 FEEBLE TACTICS4 ,PRO( IS FURNI%$ BY ! ABORT$1 OR RA!R1 ! IMM$IATELY C\NT]M&$ VOT+ RI<TS MASS /RIKE ( #aib 9 ,BELGIUM4.<,C.> ,H[ EFFECTIVELY ! P>TY CAN PREV5T A MASS /RIKE1 ?IS 0ELEM5TAL UPHEAVAL10 BY PUTT+ ON ! BRAKES UND] C]TA9 CIRCUM/ANCES1 EV5 :5 ! MASSES >E BATTLE-READY TO ! HI<E/ DEGREE - ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY HIMSELF HAS REPORT$ ?IS ) REG>D TO ,AU/RIA4 0,BUT EV5 ?\<10 HE TELLS US3 

,EV5 ?\< CONDITIONS 9 ,AU/RIA FAVOR A MASS /RIKE F> MORE ?AN !Y DO H]E1 & EV5 ?\< ! ,AU/RIAN MASSES W]E TEMPOR>ILY >\S$ TO A LEVEL FROM :I* WE 9 ,G]MANY REMA9 F> DI/ANT1 TO SU* AN AGITATION ?AT !Y C\LD ONLY BE HELD BACK FROM LAUN*+ 9TO A MASS /RIKE BY ! UTMO/ EX]TION ( ALL =CES2 & F9ALLY1 EV5 ?\< REPEAT$LY & 9 ! MO/ POSITIVE WAY 0?REAT5$0 ) ! MASS /RIKE1 ! COMRADES RESPONSIBLE = ! TACTICS ( ! P>TY HAVE VIOL5TLY PUT ON ! BRAKES & PREV5T$ ONE UP TILL N[4 .<,NEUE ,ZEIT1 ,X,X,I,V1 #b1 P4#h#e#f4.> 

,IT IS SELF-EXPLANATORY ?AT ?IS OB/RUCTIVE ROLE ( ! P>TY LEAD]%IP C\LD APPE> MO/ ACTIVELY 9 ,G]MANY1 9 VIEW ( ! EXTRAORD9>ILY DEVELOP$ ORGANIZATIONAL C5TRALISM & DISCIPL9E 9 \R P>TY4 ,AS ,I E>LI] WROTE 9 MY >TICLE 0,:AT ,NEXT803 

,9 A P>TY :]E1 AS 9 ,G]MANY1 ! PR9CIPLE ( ORGANIZATION & P>TY DISCIPL9E IS SO UNPREC$5T$LY *]I%$1 & :]E 9 CONSEQU5CE ! 9ITIATIVE ( UNORGANIZ$ POPUL> MASSES -!IR SPONTANE\S1 SO TO SPEAK IMPROVIS$ CAPACITY = ACTION1 SU* A SIGNIFICANT1 (T5 DECISIVE FACTOR 9 ALL PREVI\S GREAT POLITICAL /RUGGLES - IS NE>LY IGNOR$1 !N IT IS ! 9ESCAPABLE DUTY ( ! P>TY TO DEMON/RATE ! WOR? ( ?IS SO HI<LY DEVELOP$ ORGANIZATION & DISCIPL9E EV5T = GREAT ACTIONS1 & !IR WOR? EV5 = O!R =MS ( /RUGGLE ?AN P>LIAM5T>Y ELECTIONS4 

,! PA/ FATE ( ! ,PRUSSIAN VOT+ RI<TS MOVEM5T ALMO/ SEEMS TO DEMON/RATE ?AT \R ORGANIZATIONAL APP>ATUS & \R P>TY DISCIPL9E PROVE !MSELVES BETT]1 JU/ N[1 AT BRAK+ ?AN AT LEAD+ GREAT MASS ACTIONS4 ,:5 EV5 9 ADVANCE ! /REET DEMON/RATIONS >E TIMIDLY & RELUCTANTLY WORK$ \T2 :5 EV]Y NECESS>Y OPPORTUNITY TO RAISE ! DEMON/RATIONS TO A HI<] P[] - LIKE ,M>* #a#h1 LIKE ! #a/ ( ,MAY - IS EMB>RASS+LY %UNN$3 :5 \R [N VICTORIES LIKE ! CONQUE/ ( \R RI<T TO ! /REETS ON ,APRIL #a1 AS WELL AS ! DEFEATS ( ! 5EMY LIKE ! )DRAWAL ( ! GOV]NM5T BILL >E LEFT TOTALLY UNEXPLOIT$2 :5 F9ALLY ! DEMON/RATIONS >E PUT BACK ON ! %ELF AFT] ALL & ! MASSES >E S5T HOME2 9 %ORT1 :5 EV]Y?+ IS DONE TO HOLD BACK1 TO CRIPPLE ! MASS ACTION1 TO DEAD5 ! MILITANCY3 !N OBVI\SLY ?AT TEMPE/U\S MOVEM5T CANNOT >ISE FROM ! MASSES1 :I* MU/ V5T ITSELF 9 A MASS /RIKE4 

,NATURALLY ! OB/RUCTIVE EFFECT ( SU* LEAD]%IP IS MO/ NE>LY DECISIVE :5 ! ACTION IS /ILL 9 ITS 9ITIAL /AGES - AS IS ! CASE ) US 9 ,G]MANY1 :]E IT IS JU/ TAK+ ITS FIR/ /EPS4 ,IF ONCE ! REVOLUTION>Y P]IOD IS FULLY UNFOLD$1 IF ! CL\DS ( BATTLE >E ALREADY RIS+ HI<1 !N NO BRAKE-PULL+ BY ! P>TY LEAD]S WILL BE ABLE TO ACCOMPLI% MU*1 = ! MASSES WILL SIMPLY %OVE ASIDE !IR LEAD]S :O SET !MSELVES AGA9/ ! /ORM ( ! MOVEM5T4 ,?US C\LD IT ALSO HAPP5 9 ,G]MANY1 ONE DAY4 ,BUT 9 ! 9T]E/ ( ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY1 ,I F9D IT NEI!R NECESS>Y NOR DESIRABLE TO /E] ?AT WAY4 ,IF WE 9 ,G]MANY UNQUE/ION+LY WAIT ) ! MASS /RIKE UNTIL ! MASSES1 ) 0RAG+ ANG]10 /ORM RI<T OV] !IR BRAKE-PULL+ LEAD]S1 ?IS OBVI\SLY CAN HAPP5 ONLY AT ! EXP5SE ( ! 9FLU5CE & PRE/IGE ( ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY4 ,& !N IT C\LD EASILY APPE> ?AT ! COMPLICAT$ ORGANIZATIONAL APP>ATUS & ! /RICT P>TY DISCIPL9E ( :I* WE >E JU/LY PR\D >E1 UN=TUNATELY1 ONLY A FIR/-RATE MAKE%IFT = ! P>LIAM5T>Y & UNION DAILY R\T9E2 & ) ! GIV5 DISPOSITION ( \R LEAD+ CIRCLES !Y >E A H9DRANCE TO ! MASS ACTION 9 ! GR& /YLE1 TO :AT IS DEM&$ BY ! COM+ ]A ( VIOL5T /RUGGLES4 

,& 9 ! SAME CONNECTION1 ANO!R ESPECIALLY WEAK PO9T 9 \R ORGANIZATIONAL RELATIONS C\LD HAVE A DISA/R\S EFFECT4 ,IF ! UNION LEAD]S HAD PUBLICLY COME \T ON !IR [N AGA9/ ! SLOGAN ( ! MASS /RIKE 9 ! LATE/ VOT+ RI<TS CAMPAIGN1 IT W\LD ONLY HAVE CL>IFI$ ! SITUATION & %>P5$ ! CRITIQUE ( ! MASSES4 ,BUT ?AT !Y DIDN'T HAVE TO DO ?IS1 ?AT 9/EAD ?R\< ! M$IUM ( ! P>TY & ) ! AID ( ! P>TY APP>ATUS !Y C\LD ?R[ ! TOTAL AU?ORITY ( ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY 9TO ! BALANCE TO PUT ! BRAKES ON ! MASS ACTION - ?AT HAS BR\<T ! VOT+ RI<TS MOVEM5T TO A /&/ILL1 & ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY HAS M]ELY PROVID$ ! !ORETICAL MUSIC4 

,YET 9 SPITE ( ALL ?IS \R CAUSE MOVES =W>D4 ,! 5EMY WORKS = US SO UNCEAS+LY1 IT IS ?R\< NO M]IT ( \R [N ?AT WE'RE 9 ! CLOV] BO? 9 & \T ( SEASON4 ,YET 9 ! 5D IT IS NOT ! TASK ( ! CLASS P>TY ( ! PROLET>IAT SIMPLY TO LIVE ON ! S9S & ]RORS ( ITS 5EMIES DESPITE ITS [N ]RORS1 BUT TO ACCEL]ATE ! C\RSE ( EV5TS ?R\< ITS [N 5]GY & TO RELEASE1 NOT ! M9IMUM1 BUT ! MAXIMUM ( ACTION & CLASS /RUGGLE 9 ?AT IMPULSE4 

,& :5 9 ! FUTURE ! MASS ACTION AGA9 >ISES1 !N ! P>TY WILL FACE EXACTLY ! SAME PROBLEM IT DID TWO YE>S AGO & LA/ SPR+4 ,AFT] !SE TWO TRIALS1 ! BROAD CIRCLES ( \R P>TY COMRADES MU/ FROM N[ ON CLE>LY UND]/& ?AT A REAL MASS ACTION 9 ! GR& /YLE CAN ONLY BE K9DL$ & AT L5G? MA9TA9$ :5 TREAT$1 NOT AS A DRY PRACTICE PIECE PLAY$ TO ! TIME (1 ! P>TY LEAD]%IP'S BATON1 BUT AS A GREAT CLASS /RUGGLE 9 :I* ALL SIGNIFICANT ECONOMIC CONFLICTS MU/ BE UTILIZ$ TO ! FULL & ALL =CES :I* >\SE ! MASSES MU/ BE GUID$ 9TO ! VORTEX ( ! MOVEM5T1 & 9 :I* ONE DOESN'T %UN A M\NT+ 9T5SIFICATION ( ! SITUATION & DECISIVE /RUGGLES1 BUT GOES TO MEET !M ) RESOLUTE1 CONSI/5T TACTICS4 ,P]HAPS ! PRES5T DISCUSSION WILL CONTRIBUTE ITS P>T TO ?IS4 

.<,A.> ,LUXEMBURG IS ALLUD+ TO A PASSAGE FROM ,SECTION #c ( ,M>X'S ,! ,EI<TE5? ,BRUMAIRE ( ,L\IS ,BONAP>TE4 0,BUT ! REVOLUTION>Y ?REATS ( ! PETTY B\RGEOISIE & !IR DEMOCRATIC REPRES5TATIVES >E M]ELY ATTEMPTS TO 9TIMIDATE ! OPPON5T4 ,& :5 !Y HAVE RUN !MSELVES UP A BL9D ALLEY1 :5 !Y HAVE SO COMPROMIS$ !MSELVES ?AT !Y >E =C$ TO ACT \T !IR ?REATS1 !N ?IS IS DONE 9 AN AMBIGU\S WAY ?AT %UNS NO?+ MORE ?AN ! MEANS TO ! 5D & SNAT*ES AT PRETEXTS = DEFEAT4 ,! CRA%+ 0OV]TURE :I* PROCLAIM$ ! /RUGGLE DIES D[N 9TO A G5TLE PURR+ AS SOON AS ! /RUGGLE IS SUPPOS$ TO BEG91 ! ACTORS CEASE TO TAKE !MSELVES AU DRIEUX1 & ! P]=MANCE FALLS AS FLAT AS AN AIR-FILL$ BALLOON PRICK$ ) A P940 

.<,B.> ,B]L9 POLICE *IEF ,TRAUGOTT VON ,JAG[ HAD BANN$ /REET DEMON/RATIONS ) HIS 0PUBLIC NOTICE0 ( ,FEBRU>Y #a#c1 #a#i#a3 0,! 'RI<T TO ! /REETS' IS BE+ PROCLAIM$4 ,! /REETS EXCLUSIVELY = ! PURPOSE ( COMM]CE4 ,RESI/ANCE TO /ATE AU?ORITY WILL RESULT 9 ! USE ( WEAPONS4 ,I W>N ! CURI\S40 ,B]L9 ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY CALL$ A DEMON/RATION 9 ,TREPT[] ,P]K ON ,M>* #f1 #aia = DEMOCRATIC VOT+ RI<TS2 AS ! POLICE W]E WAIT+ !RE 9 =CE IT WAS R$IRECT$ TO ! ,B]L9 ZOO1 :]E #a#e1 DEMON/RAT$ = FREE1 EQUAL1 & UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE BE=E ! POLICE >RIV$4 

.<,C.> ,ON ,APRIL #a#d1 #a#i#b1 A MASS /RIKE BEGAN 9 ,BELGIUM 9 :I* OV] #c1 WORK]S TOOK P>T4 ,IT WAS BROK5 (F ON ,APRIL #b BY ! ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL ( ! ,BELGIAN ,WORK]S' ,P>TY1 AL?\< ! DEM&S = *ANGES 9 SUFFRAGE & ! RELAT$ CON/ITUTIONAL AM5DM5T HAD BE5 REJECT$ ON ,APRIL #ah BY ! ,BELGIAN *AMB]4 

O ,PO/SCRIPT 3 ,AN ,ATTRITION OR ,COLLISION 

,9 CONCLUSION1 A LITTLE HI/ORICAL REM9ISC5CE - YET ONE :I* IS NOT )\T AGREEABLE P>ALLELS TO ! PRES5T4 ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY REJECTS1 = ,PRUSSIA1 ! EXAMPLES ( O!R L&S :]E ! MASS /RIKE HAS REC5TLY BE5 US$4 ,RUSSIA C\NTS = NO?+ AS AN EXAMPLE1 NEI!R DOES ,BELGIUM OR EV5 ,AU/RIA4 ,= IT IS 0\T ( ! QUE/ION TO APPEAL TO ! EXAMPLES ( O!R L&S 9 ! PRES5T SITUATION 9 ,PRUSSIA40 .<,KAUTSKY1 ,:AT ,N[81 P4#c#f4.> ,BUT 9 SE>* ( ! FITT+ MODEL = \R TACTIC1 ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY HIMSELF GOES BACK TO ! OLD ,ROMANS & ,HANNIBAL4 ,H]E HE F9DS AN EXAMPLE = ! $IFICATION ( ! ,G]MAN PROLET>IAT 9 ,FABIUS ! ,PROCRA/9ATOR1 ) HIS ALLEG$LY VICTORI\S 0/RATEGY ( ATTRITION40 

,TO ME1 GO+ BACK TO ! ANTIQUE ,ROMANS SEEMS RA!R F> FET*$3 BUT S9CE ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY HAS ALREADY DONE SO1 ,I W\LD LIKE TO DEMON/RATE ?AT1 H]E TOO1 ! FACTS >E NOT QUITE CORRECT4 ,! FABLE ( ! NECESS>Y & VICTORI\S /RATEGY ( ! ,CUNCTATOR WAS DE/ROY$ BY ,MOMMS51 :O PROV$ ?AT FROM ! BEG9N+ 0! NATURAL & CORRECT EMPLOYM5T0 ( ,ROMAN MILIT>Y =CES WAS A RESOLUTE ATTACK1 & ?AT ! ,FABIAN PROCRA/9ATION 7:I* ,MOMMS5 CALLS 0ME?ODIC DO-NO?+07 WAS NOT ! EXPRESSION ( SOME DEEP /RATEGIC PLAN DICTAT$ BY ! SITUATION1 BUT FL[$ FROM ! CONS]VATIVE & S5ILE POLITICS ( ! ,S5ATE4 

0,QU9TUS ,FABIUS10 SAYS ,MOMMS51 0WAS A MAN WELL ON 9 YE>S1 ( A CIRCUMSPECTION & DET]M9ATION :I* APPE> TO HAVE BE5 NO?+ LESS ?AN PROCRA/9ATION & OB/9ACY2 A ZEAL\S WOR%IP] ( ! GOOD OLD DAYS1 ! POLITICAL OMNIPOT5CE ( ! ,S5ATE1 ! MAGI/RAL AU?ORITY2 = ! SALVATION ( ! /ATE HE LOOK$ FIR/ TO SACRIFICES & PRAY]S1 !N TO ME?ODIC MILIT>Y LEAD]%IP40 0,A LEAD+ /ATESMAN 9 COMM& ( ! 9T]CONNECTION ( EV5TS MU/ HAVE COME TO GRIEF H]E10 HE SAYS 9 ANO!R PLACE1 0:]E EV]Y:]E EI!R TOO LITTLE OR TOO MU* HAD ALREADY BE5 DONE4 ,N[ ! W> BEGAN1 9 :I* ! 5EMY HAD BE5 ALL[$ TO DECIDE ! TIME & PLACE2 & 9 !IR WELL-F\ND$ CONSCI\SNESS ( MILIT>Y SUP]IORITY1 !Y W]E AT4 A LOSS = A GOAL & DIRECTION = !IR FIR/ OP]ATIONS40 ,AN (F5SIVE 9 ,SPA9 & ,AFRICA WAS FIR/ COMM&M5T ( TACTICS1 0BUT !Y HE$$ ! COMM& ( 9T]E/ AS LITTLE AS ?AT ( HONOR40 

,?AT ?R\< ?IS HESITATION ! ,SPANI% ALLIES ( ,ROME W\LD BE SACRIFIC$ = ! SECOND TIME1 C\LD HAVE BE5 =ESE5 AS EASILY AS ! HESITATION ITSELF C\LD HAVE BE5 AVOID$4 

,H[EV] WISE IT MAY HAVE BE5 = ! ,ROMANS TO REMA9 ON ! DEF5SIVE & EXPECT !IR *IEF SUCCESS ?R\< CUTT+ (F ! 5EMY'S MEANS ( SUBSI/5CE1 YET IT WAS SURELY A /RANGE SY/EM ( DEF5SE & ( 0/>V+ !M \T0 :5 ! 5EMY - UND] ! EYES ( A NUM]ICALLY EQUAL ,ROMAN >MY - WAS ALL[$1 ) ,C5TRAL ,ASIAN 9DIFF]5CE1 TO LAY ! L& WA/E UNH9D]$ & 9 GREAT MEASURE TO ADEQUATELY PROVISION HIMSELF = W9T] ?R\< SY/EMATIC =AG+4 

,F9ALLY1 IT C\LD NOT BE SAID ?AT ! ,ROMAN >MY =C$ ?IS CONDUCT ( ! W> UPON IT G5]AL4 ,TO BE SURE1 IT WAS COMPOS$ 9 P>T ( MILITIA REC5TLY CALL$-UP3 BUT ITS CORE WAS ! VET]AN LEGIONS FROM ,>M9IUM4 ,F> FROM BE+ DEMORALIZ$ BY ! REC5T DEFEATS1 !Y W]E EMBITT]$ OV] ! DI%ONORABLE TASK ALLOT$ !M BY !IR G5]AL1 0,HANNIBAL'S LACKEY1 0 & CLAMOR\SLY DEM&$ TO BE L$ AGA9/ ! 5EMY4 ,!RE W]E VIOL5T DEMON/RATIONS 9 ! POPUL> ASSEMBLIES AGA9/ ! OB/9ATE OLD MAN4 

,9 ?IS VE91 ,MOMMS5 GOES A GOOD DEAL FUR!R4 0,ROME WAS NOT SAV$ BY ! ',PROCRA/9ATOR1'0 SAYS ,MOMMS51 0BUT BY ! FIRM UNION ( ! F$]ATION - & EQUALLY1 P]HAPS1 BY ! NATIONAL HATR$ ) :I* ! OCCID5TAL WELCOM$ ,PHO5ICIAN ,MAN40 ,?IS WAS SO NOTORI\S ?AT F9ALLY EV5 0! MAJORITY ( ! ,S5ATE1 DESPITE ! QUASI-LEGITIMIZATION :I* REC5T EV5TS HAD GIV5 ! PROCRA/9AT+ SY/EM ( ,FABIUS1 RESOLV$ TO DISMISS ! MILIT>Y LEAD]%IP :I* WAS SL[LY BUT SURELY LEAD+ ! /ATE TO RU940 .<,!ODOR ,MOMMS5'S ,ROMAN ,HI/ORY1 #cRD $41 #a#h#e#f1 VOL4 #a1 PP4#e#e#a-#e#g#g4.> 

,?IS IS :AT IT LOOKS LIKE1 ,FABIUS ,CUNCTATOR'S VICTORI\S 0/RATEGY ( ATTRITION40 ,IT IS 9 FACT1 A LEG5D PREA*$ AT HI< S*OOL /UD5TS 9 \R S*OOLS TO DRILL !M 9 CONS]VATIVE SPIRITS1 & W>N !M AGA9/1 0RA%NESS0 & 0REVOLUTIONIZ]S0 - TO DRUM 9TO !M1 AS ! SPIRIT ( WORLD HI/ORY1 ! MOTTO TO :I* ! ,HOME ,GU>D M>*ES3 0,=W>D1 EV] SL[LY40 ,?AT ?IS LEG5D %\LD BE S]V$ UP TO ! REVOLUTION>Y PROLET>IAT TODAY1 9 ?IS SITUATION - ?AT IS ONE ( ! UN=ESE5 DECREES ( FATE4 

,BE ?AT AS IT MAY1 IT SEEMS TO ME ?AT AN ELEM5T 9 \R RUL+ ,S5ATE ( ! P>TY & ! UNIONS IS ADEQUATELY DEPICT$ H]E3 ?AT ELEM5T ( ! NOBLE ,QU9TUS ,FABIUS1 :O LOOK$ FIR/1 TO SACRIFICES & PRAY]S1 & !N TO ME?ODIC MILIT>Y LEAD]%IP = ! SALVATION ( ! /ATE4 ,FROM LACK ( PROCRA/9ATION1 FROM Y\?FUL EXUB]ANCE & RA%NESS 9 \R P>TY LEAD]%IP1 WE HAVE NOT TO MY KN[L$GE SUFF]$ GREATLY4 ,AS ,COMRADE ,ADL] SAID AT ! ,G]MAN-,AU/RIAN P>TY CONV5TION 9 ,GRANZ3 

,A T\* ( ! :IP ALWAYS DOES GOOD2 & ,I CONFESS ?AT AT A P>TY CONV5TION1 EXCLAMATIONS LAM5T+ ?AT NO?+ IS BE+ DONE PLEASE ME F> MORE ?AN ?OSE ADVIS+ DISCRETION & PRUD5CE4 ,WE TAKE GOOD C>E ( Y\ 9DE$1 PRUD5CE - BETT]1 P]HAPS1 ?AN WE %\LD4 ,WE DON'T NE$ Y\ = BRAKES6 

,SO1 MORE OR LESS1 ,I ?9K IT IS ) US4 ,?AT ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY L5T HIS P5 & HIS HI/ORICAL KN[L$GE TO ADVOCAT+ ! ,CUNCTATOR /RATEGY WAS A WA/E1 TO SAY ! LEA/4 ,= BRAKES1 ,COMRADE ,KAUTSKY1 WE DON'T NE$ Y\4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,M>* #e1 #bba 3 ,!ORY @& ,PRACTICE -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #i1 #bbb 3 ,!ORY @& ,PRACTICE -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/