,*APT] #c ,A ,NEW ,P]IOD ,BEG9S = ! ,LABOR ,MOVEM5T ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,CORNELIUS ,CA/ORIADIS ,TEXT 3 #c4 ,A ,NEW ,P]IOD ,BEG9S = ! ,LABOR ,MOVEM5T ,UND] :AT CONDITIONS CAN ?IS SITUATION *ANGE 9 ! FUTURE8 ,FIR/1 ! EXP]I5CE ( ! PREC$+ P]IOD WILL HAVE TO ALL[ REVOLUTION>Y MILITANTS & WORK]S ALIKE TO BECOME AW>E ( ! CONTRADICTORY &1 BASICALLY1 REACTION>Y ELEM5TS 9 !IR [N & ! O!R'S CONCEPTIONS & ATTITUDES4 ,MILITANTS WILL HAVE TO OV]?R[ !SE TRADITIONAL IDEAS & COME >\ND TO VIEW+ REVOLUTION>Y !ORY1 PROGRAM1 POLITICS1 ACTIVITY1 & ORGANIZATION 9 A NEW WAY1 9 A SOCIALI/ WAY4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 ! PROLET>IAT WILL HAVE TO COME >\ND TO SEE+ ITS /RUGGLE AS AN AUTONOM\S /RUGGLE & ! REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATION NOT AS A LEAD]%IP RESPONSIBLE = ITS FATE BUT AS ONE MOM5T & ONE 9/RUM5T 9 ITS /RUGGLE4 ,DO !SE CONDITIONS EXI/ N[8 ,IS ?IS OV]?R[ ( TRADITIONAL IDEAS AN EF=T ( WILL1 AN 9SPIRATION1 OR A NEW1 MORE CORRECT !ORY8 ,NO1 ?IS OV]?R[ IS MADE POSSIBLE FROM N[ ON BY ONE GREAT OBJECTIVE FACT1 SPECIFICALLY1 ! BUREAUCRATIZATION ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T4 ,! ACTION ( ! PROLET>IAT HAS PRODUC$ A BUREAUCRACY4 ,?IS BUREAUCRACY HAS BECOME 9TEGRAT$ 9TO ! SY/EM ( EXPLOITATION4 ,IF ! PROLET>IAT'S /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! BUREAUCRACY CONT9UES1 IT WILL BE TURN$ NOT ONLY AGA9/ BUREAUCRATS AS P]SONS BUT AGA9/ BUREAUCRACY AS A SY/EM1 AS A TYPE ( SOCIAL RELATION%IP1 AS A REALITY & AN IDEOLOGY CORRESPOND+ TO ?IS REALITY4 ,?IS IS AN ESS5TIAL COROLL>Y TO :AT WAS SAID E>LI] AB\T ! ROLE ( OBJECTIVE FACTORS4 ,!RE >E NO ECONOMIC OR O!R LAWS MAK+ BUREAUCRATIZATION H5CE=? IMPOSSIBLE1 BUT !RE IS A DEVELOPM5T ?AT HAS BECOME OBJECTIVE1 = SOCIETY HAS BECOME BUREAUCRATIZ$ & SO ! PROLET>IAT'S /RUGGLE AGA9/ ?IS SOCIETY CAN ONLY BE A /RUGGLE AGA9/ BUREAUCRACY4 ,! DE/RUCTION ( BUREAUCRACY IS NOT 0PR$E/9$10 JU/ AS ! VICTORY ( ! PROLET>IAT 9 ITS /RUGGLE IS NOT 0PR$E/9$0 EI!R4 ,BUT ! CONDITIONS = ?IS VICTORY >E FROM N[ ON SATISFI$ BY SOCIAL REALITY1 = AW>5ESS ( ! PROBLEMS ( BUREAUCRACY NO LONG] DEP5DS UPON ANY !ORETICAL >GUM5TS OR UPON ANY EXCEPTIONAL AM\NT ( LUCIDITY2 IT CAN RESULT FROM ! DAILY EXP]I5CE ( WORK]S :O 5C\NT] BUREAUCRACY NOT AS A POT5TIAL ?REAT 9 ! DI/ANT FUTURE BUT AS AN 5EMY ( FLE% & BONE1 BORN ( !IR V]Y [N ACTIVITY4 ,PROLET>IAT & ,BUREAUCRACY 9 ! ,PRES5T ,P]IOD ,! EV5TS ( REC5T YE>S %[ ?AT ! PROLET>IAT IS GA9+ EXP]I5CE ( BUREAUCRATIC ORGANIZATIONS NOT AS LEAD]%IP GR\PS ?AT >E 0MI/AK50 OR ?AT 0BETRAY10 BUT 9 AN 9F9ITELY MORE PR(\ND WAY4 ,:]E !SE ORGANIZATIONS >E 9 P[]1 AS 9 ,EA/]N ,EUROPE1 ! PROLET>IAT SEES !M ( NECESSITY AS PURELY & SIMPLY ! 9C>NATION ( ! SY/EM ( EXPLOITATION4 ,:5 IT MANAGES TO BREAK ! TOTALIT>IAN YOKE1 ITS REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE IS NOT JU/ DIRECT$ AGA9/ BUREAUCRACY2 IT PUTS =W>D AIMS ?AT EXPRESS 9 POSITIVE T]MS ! EXP]I5CE ( BUREAUCRATIZATION4 ,9 #aiec ! WORK]S ( ,EA/ ,B]L9 ASK$ = A 0METALWORK]S' GOV]NM5T0 & LAT] ! ,HUNG>IAN WORK]S' C\NCILS DEM&$ WORK]S' MANAGEM5T ( PRODUCTION4.<#a#f.> ,9 ! MAJORITY ( ,WE/]N C\NTRIES1 ! WORK]S' ATTITUDE T[>D BUREAUCRATIC ORGANIZATIONS %[S ?AT !Y SEE !M AS =EIGN & ALI5 9/ITUTIONS4 ,9 CONTRA/ TO :AT WAS /ILL HAPP5+ AT ! 5D ( ! ,SECOND ,WORLD ,W>1 9 NO 9DU/RIALIZ$ C\NTRY DO WORK]S /ILL BELIEVE ?AT 0!IR0 P>TIES OR TRADE UNIONS >E WILL+ OR ABLE TO BR+ AB\T A FUNDAM5TAL *ANGE 9 !IR SITUATION4 ,!Y MAY 0SUPPORT0 !M BY VOT+ = !M AS A LESS] EVIL2 !Y MAY USE !M -- ?IS IS (T5 /ILL ! CASE AS F> AS TRADE UNIONS >E CONC]N$ -- AS ONE USES A LAWY] OR ! FIRE BRIGADE4 ,BUT R>ELY DO !Y MOBILIZE !MSELVES = !M OR AT !IR CALL1 & NEV] DO !Y ACTIVELY P>TICIPATE 9 !M4 ,MEMB]%IP 9 TRADE UNIONS MAY RISE OR FALL1 NO ONE ATT5DS TRADE-UNION MEET+S4 ,P>TIES CAN RELY LESS & LESS ON ! ACTIVE MILITANCY ( WORK]S :O >E P>TY MEMB]S2 !Y N[ FUNCTION MA9LY ?R\< PAID P]MAN5T /AFF MADE UP ( 0LEFT-W+0 MEMB]S ( ! PETTY B\RGEOISIE & 9TELLECTUALS4 ,9 ! EYES ( ! WORK]S1 !SE P>TIES & TRADE UNIONS >E P>T ( ! E/ABLI%$ ORD] -- MORE OR LESS ROTT5 ?AN ! RE/ -- BUT BASICALLY ! SAME AS !M4 ,:5 WORK]S' /RUGGLES ]UPT !Y (T5 DO SO \TSIDE ! BUREAUCRATIC ORGANIZATIONS & SOMETIMES DIRECTLY AGA9/ !M4.<#a#g.> ,WE !RE=E HAVE 5T]$ A NEW PHASE 9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! PROLET>IAT ?AT CAN BE DAT$1 IF Y\ LIKE1 FROM #a#i#e#c2 ?IS IS ! BEG9N+ ( A HI/ORICAL P]IOD DUR+ :I* ! PROLET>IAT WILL TRY TO RID ITSELF ( ! REMNANTS ( ITS CREATIONS ( #ahi & #a#i#a#g4 ,H5CE=?1 :5 ! WORK]S PUT =W>D !IR [N AIMS & S]I\SLY /RUGGLE TO A*IEVE !M1 !Y WILL BE ABLE TO DO SO ONLY \TSIDE1 & MO/ (T5 9 CONFLICT )1 BUREAUCRATIC ORGANIZATIONS4 ,?IS DOES NOT MEAN ?AT ! LATT] WILL DISAPPE>4 ,= AS LONG AS ! PROLET>IAT ACCEPTS ! SY/EM ( EXPLOITATION1 ORGANIZATIONS EXPRESS+ ?IS /ATE ( AFFAIRS WILL EXI/ & WILL CONT9UE TO S]VE AS 9/RUM5TS = ! 9TEGRATION ( ! PROLET>IAT 9TO CAPITALI/ SOCIETY4 ,)\T !M1 CAPITALI/ SOCIETY CAN NO LONG] POSSIBLY FUNCTION4 ,BUT BECAUSE ( ?IS V]Y FACT1 EA* /RUGGLE WILL T5D TO SET ! WORK]S AGA9/ !SE BUREAUCRATIZ$ ORGANIZATIONS2 & IF !SE /RUGGLES DEVELOP1 NEW ORGANIZATIONS WILL RISE UP FROM ! PROLET>IAT ITSELF1 = SECTIONS ( WAGE LABOR]S1 SAL>I$ WORK]S1 & 9TELLECTUALS WILL FEEL ! NE$ TO ACT 9 A SY/EMATIC & P]MAN5T FA%ION TO HELP ! PROLET>IAT TO A*IEVE ITS NEW OBJECTIVES4 ,! ,NE$ = A ,NEW ,ORGANIZATION ,IF ! WORK+ CLASS IS TO 5T] A NEW PHASE ( ACTIVITY & DEVELOPM5T1 IMM5SE PRACTICAL & IDEOLOGICAL NE$S WILL >ISE4 ,! PROLET>IAT WILL NE$ ORGANS ?AT WILL ALL[ IT TO EXPRESS ITS EXP]I5CES & OP9IONS BEYOND ! WORK%OP & ! (FICE :]E ! CAPITALI/ /RUCTURE ( SOCIETY AT PRES5T CONF9ES !M & ?AT WILL 5ABLE IT TO SMA% ! B\RGEOIS & BUREAUCRATIC MONOPOLY OV] ! MEANS ( EXPRESSION4 ,IT WILL NE$ 9=MATION C5T]S TO TELL IT AB\T :AT IS HAPP5+ AMONG V>I\S GR\PS ( WORK]S1 )9 ! RUL+ CLASSES1 9 SOCIETY 9 G5]AL1 & 9 O!R C\NTRIES4 ,IT WILL NE$ ORGANS = IDEOLOGICAL /RUGGLE AGA9/ CAPITALISM & ! BUREAUCRACY CAPABLE ( DRAW+ \T A POSITIVE SOCIALI/ CONCEPTION ( ! PROBLEMS ( SOCIETY4 ,IT WILL FEEL ! NE$ = A SOCIALI/ P]SPECTIVE TO BE DEF9$1 = ! PROBLEMS FAC$ BY A WORK+ CLASS 9 P[] TO BE BR\RY \T !SE TASKS AS WELL AS 9T]OCCUPATIONAL1 9T]REGIONAL1 & 9T]NATIONAL LIAISONS TO BR+ PEOPLE & IDEAS TOGE!R4 ,IT WILL NE$ TO ATTRACT (FICE WORK]S1 TE*NICIANS1 & 9TELLECTUALS 9TO ITS CAMP & TO 9TEGRATE !M 9TO ITS /RUGGLE4 ,! WORK+ CLASS CANNOT DIRECTLY SATISFY !SE NE$S ITSELF EXCEPT 9 A P]IOD ( REVOLUTION4 ,! WORK+ CLASS CAN BR+ AB\T A REVOLUTION 0SPONTANE\SLY10 MAKE ! MO/ F>-REA*+ DEM&S1 9V5T =MS ( /RUGGLE ( 9COMP>ABLE EFFECTIV5ESS1 & CREATE ORGANS TO EXPRESS ITS P[]4 ,BUT ! WORK+ CLASS AS SU*1 9 A TOTALLY UNDIFF]5TIAT$ /ATE1 WILL NOT1 = EXAMPLE1 PRODUCE A NATIONAL WORK]S' NEWSPAP]1 ! ABS5CE ( :I* IS SORELY FELT TODAY2 IT WILL BE WORK]S & MILITANTS :O WILL PRODUCE IT1 & :O WILL ( NECESSITY ORGANIZE TO PRODUCE IT4 ,IT WILL NOT BE ! WORK+ CLASS AS A :OLE ?AT SPREADS ! NEWS ( A P>TICUL> /RUGGLE F\TICUL> PLACE2 IF ORGANIZ$ WORK]S & MILITANTS DON'T DO IT1 !N ?IS EXAMPLE WILL BE LO/1 = IT WILL REMA9 UNKN[N4 ,9 P]IODS ( NORMALCY1 ! WORK+ CLASS AS SU* WILL NOT ABSORB )9 ITSELF ! TE*NICIANS & 9TELLECTUALS :OM CAPITALI/ SOCIETY T5DS TO SEP>ATE FROM ! WORK]S ALL !IR LIVES2 & )\T ?IS SORT ( 9TEGRATION A HO/ ( PROBLEMS FAC+ ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T 9 A MOD]N SOCIETY WILL REMA9 9SOLUBLE4 ,NEI!R WILL ! WORK+ CLASS AS SU* NOR 9TELLECTUALS AS SU* SOLVE ! PROBLEM ( H[ TO C>RY ON A CONT9U\S ELAB\RATION ( REVOLUTION>Y !ORY & IDEOLOGY1 = SU* A RESOLUTION CAN ONLY COME AB\T ?R\< A FUSION ( ! EXP]I5CE ( WORK]S & ! POSITIVE ELEM5TS ( MOD]N CULTURE4 ,N[1 ! ONLY PLACE 9 CONTEMPOR>Y SOCIETY 9 :I* ?IS FUSION CAN TAKE PLACE IS A REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATION4 ,TO WORK T[>D SATISFY+ !SE NE$S !RE=E NECESS>ILY IMPLIES BUILD+ AN ORGANIZATION AS L>GE1 AS /RONG1 & AS EFFECTIVE AS POSSIBLE4 ,WE BELIEVE ?IS ORGANIZATION CAN EXI/ ONLY UND] TWO CONDITIONS4 ,! FIR/ CONDITION IS ?AT ! WORK+ CLASS RECOGNIZE IT AS AN 9DISP5SABLE TOOL 9 ITS /RUGGLE4 ,)\T SUB/ANTIAL SUPPORT FROM ! WORK+ CLASS ! ORGANIZATION C\LD NOT DEVELOP = BETT] OR = WORSE4 ,! PHOBIA AB\T BUREAUCRATIZATION C]TA9 PEOPLE >E DEVELOP+ AT ! MOM5T FAILS TO RECOGNIZE A BASIC FACT3 ,!RE IS V]Y LITTLE ROOM = A NEW BUREAUCRACY1 OBJECTIVELY 7! EXI/+ BUREAUCRACIES SATISFY ! NE$S ( ! SY/EM ( EXPLOITATION7 AS WELL AS1 & ABOVE ALL1 9 ! CONSCI\SNESS ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,OR ELSE1 IF ! PROLET>IAT AGA9 ALL[$ A BUREAUCRATIC ORGANIZATION TO DEVELOP & ONCE MORE FELL UND] ITS HOLD1 ! CONCLUSION W\LD HAVE TO BE ?AT ALL ! IDEAS ON :I* WE BASE \RSELVES >E FALSE1 AT ANY RATE AS F> AS ! PRES5T HI/ORICAL P]IOD & PROBABLY AS F> AS SOCIALI/ PROSPECTS >E CONC]N$4 ,= ?IS W\LD MEAN ?AT ! PROLET>IAT WAS 9CAPABLE ( E/ABLI%+ A SOCIALI/ RELATION%IP ) A POLITICAL ORGANIZATION1 ?AT IT CANNOT SOLVE ! PROBLEM ( ITS RELATIONS ) ! SPH]E ( IDEOLOGY1 ) 9TELLECTUALS1 & ) O!R SOCIAL GR\PS ON A HEAL?Y & FRUITFUL BASIS1 & !RE=E1 ULTIMATELY1 ?AT IT W\LD F9D ! PROBLEM ( ! 0,/ATE0 AN 9SOLUBLE ONE4 ,BUT SU* AN ORGANIZATION WILL ONLY BE RECOGNIZ$ BY ! PROLET>IAT AS AN 9DISP5SABLE TOOL 9 ITS /RUGGLE IF -- & ?IS IS ! SECOND CONDITION -- IT LE>NS ALL ! LESSONS ( ! PREVI\S HI/ORICAL P]IOD & IF IT PUTS ITSELF AT ! LEVEL ( ! PROLET>IAT'S PRES5T EXP]I5CE & NE$S4 ,SU* AN ORGANIZATION WILL BE ABLE TO DEVELOP & 9DE$ EXI/ ONLY IF ITS ACTIVITY1 /RUCTURE1 IDEAS1 & ME?ODS CORRESPOND TO ! ANTI-BUREAUCRATIC CONSCI\SNESS ( ! WORK]S & EXPRESS IT & ONLY IF IT IS ABLE TO DEF9E REVOLUTION>Y POLITICS1 !ORY1 ACTION1 & WORK ON NEW BASES4 ,REVOLUTION>Y ,POLITICS ,! 5D1 & AT ! SAME TIME ! MEANS1 ( REVOLUTION>Y POLITICS IS TO CONTRIBUTE TO ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! CONSCI\SNESS ( ! PROLET>IAT 9 EV]Y SPH]E & ESPECIALLY :]E ! OB/ACLES TO ?IS DEVELOPM5T >E GREATE/3 ) RESPECT TO ! PROBLEM ( SOCIETY TAK5 AS A :OLE4 ,BUT AW>5ESS IS NOT RECORD+ & PLAY+ BACK1 LE>N+ IDEAS BR\IAT AS A CREATIVE FACULTY4 ,NOT ONLY !N IS IT NOT A QUE/ION ( REVOLUTION>Y POLITICS IMPOS+ ITSELF ON ! PROLET>IAT OR ( MANIPULAT+ IT1 BUT ALSO IT CANNOT BE A QUE/ION ( PREA*+ TO ! PROLET>IAT OR ( TEA*+ IT A 0CORRECT !ORY40 ,! TASK ( REVOLUTION>Y POLITICS IS TO CONTRIBUTE TO ! =MATION ( ! CONSCI\SNESS ( ! PROLET>IAT BY CONTRIBUT+ ?OSE ELEM5TS ( :I* IT IS DISPOSSESS$4 ,BUT ! PROLET>IAT CAN COME TO EX]T CONTROL OV] !SE ELEM5TS1 &1 :AT IS MORE IMPORTANT1 IT CAN EFFECTIVELY 9TEGRATE !M 9TO ITS [N EXP]I5CE & !RE=E MAKE SOME?+ \T ( !M1 ONLY IF !Y >E ORGANICALLY CONNECT$ ) IT4 ,?IS IS COMPLETELY ! OPPOSITE ( 0SIMPLIFICATION0 OR POPUL>IZATION1 & IMPLIES RA!R A CONT9UAL DEEP5+ ( ! QUE/IONS ASK$4 ,REVOLUTION>Y POLITICS MU/ CON/ANTLY %[ H[ SOCIETY'S MO/ G5]AL PROBLEMS >E CONTA9$ 9 ! DAILY LIFE & ACTIVITY ( ! WORK]S1 & 9V]SELY1 H[ ! CONFLICTS TE>+ AP>T !IR LIVES >E1 9 ! LA/ ANALYSIS1 ( ! SAME NATURE AS ?OSE ?AT DIVIDE SOCIETY4 ,IT MU/ %[ ! CONNECTION BETWE5 ! SOLUTIONS ! WORK]S (F] TO PROBLEMS !Y FACE AT WORK & ?OSE ?AT >E APPLICABLE TO SOCIETY AS A :OLE4 ,9 %ORT1 IT MU/ EXTRACT ! SOCIALI/ CONT5T 9 :AT IS CON/ANTLY BE+ CREAT$ BY ! PROLET>IAT 7:E!R IT IS A MATT] ( A /RIKE OR ( A REVOLUTION71 =MULATE IT COH]5TLY1 PROPAGATE IT1 & %[ ITS UNIV]SAL IMPORT4 ,?IS IS NOT TO SUGGE/ ?AT REVOLUTION>Y POLITICS IS ANY?+ LIKE A PASSIVE EXPRESSION OR REFLECTION ( WORK+-CLASS CONSCI\SNESS4 ,?IS CONSCI\SNESS CONTA9S SOME?+ ( EV]Y?+1 BO? SOCIALI/ ELEM5TS & CAPITALI/ ONES AS WE HAVE %[N AT GREAT L5G?4 ,!RE IS ,BUDAPE/ & !RE >E ALSO L>GE NUMB]S ( ,FR5* WORK]S :O TREAT ,ALG]IANS LIKE B\GN\LES2.<#a#h.> !RE >E /RIKES AGA9/ HI]>*Y & !RE >E 9T]UNION JURISDICTIONAL DISPUTES4 ,REVOLUTION>Y POLITICS CAN & MU/ COMBAT CAPITALISM'S CONT9U\S P5ETRATION 9TO ! PROLET>IAT1 = REVOLUTION>Y POLITICS IS M]ELY ONE ASPECT ( ! /RUGGLE ( ! WORK+ CLASS AGA9/ ITSELF4 ,IT NECESS>ILY IMPLIES MAK+ A *OICE AMONG ! ?+S ! WORK+ CLASS PRODUCES1 ASKS =1 & ACCEPTS4 ,! BASIS = ?IS *OICE IS REVOLUTION>Y IDEOLOGY & !ORY4 ,REVOLUTION>Y ,!ORY ,! LONG-PREVAL5T CONCEPTION ( REVOLUTION>Y !ORY -- ! SCI5CE ( SOCIETY & REVOLUTION1 AS ELAB\RAT$ BY SPECIALI/S & 9TRODUC$ 9TO ! PROLET>IAT BY ! P>TY -- IS 9 DIRECT CONTRADICTION TO ! V]Y IDEA ( A SOCIALI/ REVOLUTION BE+ ! AUTONOM\S ACTIVITY ( ! MASSES4 ,BUT IT IS JU/ AS ]RONE\S ON ! !ORETICAL PLANE4 ,!RE IS NO 0PRO(0 ( ! 9EVITABLE COLLAPSE ( ! SY/EM ( EXPLOITATION4.<#a#i.> ,!RE IS EV5 LESS 0TRU?0 9 ! POSSIBILITY ( SOCIALISM BE+ E/ABLI%$ BY A !ORETICAL ELAB\RATION OP]AT+ \TSIDE ! CONCRETE CONT5T CREAT$ BY ! HI/ORIC1 EV]YDAY ACTIVITY ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,! PROLET>IAT DEVELOPS ON ITS [N T[>D SOCIALISM -- O!RWISE !RE W\LD BE NO PROSPECT = SOCIALISM4 ,! OBJECTIVE CONDITIONS = ?IS DEVELOPM5T >E GIV5 BY CAPITALI/ SOCIETY ITSELF4 ,BUT !SE CONDITIONS ONLY E/ABLI% ! CONTEXT & DEF9E ! PROBLEMS ! PROLET>IAT WILL 5C\NT] 9 ITS /RUGGLE2 !Y >E A LONG WAY FROM DET]M9+ ! CONT5T ( ITS ANSW]S TO !SE PROBLEMS4 ,ITS RESPONSES >E A CREATION ( ! PROLET>IAT1 = ?IS CLASS TAKES UP ! OBJECTIVE ELEM5TS ( ! SITUATION & AT ! SAME TIME TRANS=MS !M1 !REBY OP5+ UP A PREVI\SLY UNKN[N & UNSUSPECT$ FIELD ( ACTION & OBJECTIVE POSSIBILITIES4 ,! CONT5T ( SOCIALISM IS PRECISELY ?IS CREATIVE ACTIVITY ON ! P>T ( ! MASSES ?AT NO !ORY EV] C\LD OR EV] WILL BE ABLE TO ANTICIPATE4 ,M>X C\LD NOT HAVE ANTICIPAT$ ! COMMUNE 7NOT AS AN EV5T BUT AS A =M ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATION7 NOR ,L59 ! SOVIETS1 NOR C\LD EI!R ( !M HAVE ANTICIPAT$ WORK]'S MANAGEM5T4 ,M>X C\LD ONLY DRAW CONCLUSIONS FROM & RECOGNIZE ! SIGNIFICANCE ( ! ACTION ( ! ,P>ISIAN PROLET>IAT DUR+ ! ,COMMUNE -- & HE M]ITS ! GREAT DI/9CTION ( HAV+ %ATT]$ HIS [N PREVI\SLY HELD VIEWS TO DO SO4 ,BUT IT W\LD BE JU/ AS FALSE TO SAY ?AT ONCE !SE CONCLUSIONS HAVE BE5 REA*$1 ! !ORY POSSESSES ! TRU? & CAN RIGIDIFY IT 9 =MULATIONS ?AT WILL REMA9 VALID 9DEF9ITELY4 ,!SE =MULATIONS WILL BE VALID ONLY UNTIL ! NEXT PHASE ( ACTIVITY BY ! MASSES1 = EA* TIME !Y AGA9 5T] 9TO ACTION ! MASSES T5D TO GO BEYOND !IR PREVI\S LEVEL ( ACTION1 & !REBY BEYOND ! CONCLUSIONS ( PREVI\S !ORETICAL ELAB\RATIONS4 ,SOCIALISM IS NOT A CORRECT !ORY AS OPPOS$ TO FALSE !ORIES2 IT IS ! POSSIBILITY ( A NEW WORLD RIS+ \T ( ! DEP?S ( SOCIETY ?AT WILL BR+ 9TO QUE/ION ! V]Y NOTION ( 0!ORY40 ,SOCIALISM IS NOT A CORRECT IDEA4 ,IT IS A PROJECT = ! TRANS=MATION ( HI/ORY4 ,ITS CONT5T IS ?AT ?OSE :O HALF ! TIME >E ! OBJECTS ( HI/ORY WILL BECOME :OLLY ITS SUBJECTS -- :I* W\LD BE 9CONCEIVABLE IF ! MEAN+ ( ?IS TRANS=MATION W]E POSSESS$ BY A P>TICUL> GR\P ( 9DIVIDUALS4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 ! CONCEPTION ( REVOLUTION>Y !ORY MU/ BE *ANG$4 ,IT MU/ BE MODIFI$1 9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 ) RESPECT TO ! ULTIMATE S\RCE = ITS IDEAS & PR9CIPLES -- :I* CAN BE NO?+ ELSE BUT ! HI/ORIC AS WELL AS DAY-TO-DAY EXP]I5CE & ACTION ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,ALL ( ECONOMIC !ORY HAS TO BE RECON/RUCT$ >\ND :AT IS CONTA9$ 9 EMBRYO 9 ! T5D5CY ( WORK]S T[>D EQUALITY 9 PAY2 ! 5TIRE !ORY ( PRODUCTION >\ND ! 9=MAL ORGANIZATION ( WORK]S 9 ! FACTORY2 ALL ( POLITICAL !ORY >\ND ! PR9CIPLES EMBODI$ 9 ! SOVIETS & ! C\NCILS4 ,IT IS ONLY ) ! HELP ( !SE L&M>KS ?AT !ORY CAN ILLUM9ATE & MAKE USE ( :AT IS ( REVOLUTION>Y VALUE AMONG ! G5]AL CULTURAL CREATIONS ( CONTEMPOR>Y SOCIETY4 ,! CONCEPTION ( !ORY MU/ BE MODIFI$1 9 ! SECOND PLACE1 ) RESPECT TO BO? ITS OBJECTIVE & FUNCTION4 ,?IS CANNOT BE TO *URN \T ! ET]NAL TRU?S ( SOCIALISM1 BUT TO ASSI/ 9 ! /RUGGLE = ! LIB]ATION ( ! PROLET>IAT & HUMANITY4 ,?IS DOES NOT MEAN ?AT !ORY IS A UTILIT>IAN APP5DAGE ( REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE OR ?AT ITS VALUE IS TO BE MEASUR$ BY ! DEGREE ( EFFECTIV5ESS ( PROPAG&A4 ,REVOLUTION>Y !ORY IS ITSELF AN ESS5TIAL MOM5T 9 ! /RUGGLE = SOCIALISM & IS SU* TO ! DEGREE ?AT IT CONTA9S ! TRU?4 ,NOT SPECULATIVE OR CONTEMPLATIVE TRU?1 BUT TRU? B\ND UP ) PRACTICE1 TRU? ?AT CA/S LIY V5TURE & ( ! WORK]S' /RUGGLE2 TO %$ LII\S ELEM5TS 9 IT & TO PROVIDE AN OV]ALL EXPLANATORY S*EMA = UND]/&+ !SE ELEM5TS & = RELAT+ !M TO EA* O!R2 & TO MA9TA9 ! VITAL L9K BETWE5 ! PA/ & ! FUTURE ( ! MOVEM5T4 ,BUT ABOVE ALL1 IT IS TO ELAB\RATE ! PROSPECTS = SOCIALISM4 ,= REVOLUTION>Y !ORY1 ! ULTIMATE GU>ANTOR = ! CRITIQUE ( CAPITALISM & = ! PROSPECT ( A NEW SOCIETY IS TO BE F\ND 9 ! ACTIVITY ( ! PROLET>IAT1 ITS OPPOSITION TO E/ABLI%$ =MS ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATION & ITS T5D5CY TO 9/AURATE NEW RELATION%IPS BETWE5 PEOPLE4 ,BUT !ORY CAN & MU/ BR+ \T ! TRU?S ?AT SPR+ FROM ?IS ACTIVITY BY %[+ !IR UNIV]SAL VALIDITY4 ,IT MU/ %[ ?AT ! PROLET>IAT'S *ALL5GE TO CAPITALI/ SOCIETY EXPRESSES ! DEEPE/ CONTRADICTION )9 ?AT SOCIETY2 IT MU/ %[ ! OBJECTIVE POSSIBILITY ( A SOCIALI/ SOCIETY4 ,IT !RE=E MU/ DEF9E ! SOCIALI/ \TLOOK AS COMPLETELY AS POSSIBLE AT ANY GIV5 MOM5T ACCORD+ TO ! EXP]I5CE & ACTIVITY ( ! PROLET>IAT -- & 9 RETURN 9T]PRET ?IS EXP]I5CE ACCORD+ TO ?IS \TLOOK4 ,9DE$1 ! CONCEPTION ( !ORY MU/ BE MODIFI$ ) RESPECT TO ! WAY IT IS ELAB\RAT$4 ,AS AN EXPRESSION ( :AT IS UNIV]SALLY VALID 9 ! EXP]I5CE ( ! PROLET>IAT & AS A FUSION ( ?AT EXP]I5CE ) ! REVOLUTION>Y ELEM5TS 9 CONTEMPOR>Y CULTURE1 REVOLUTION>Y !ORY CANNOT BE ELAB\RAT$1 AS WAS DONE 9 ! PA/1 BY A P>TICUL> /RATUM ( 9TELLECTUALS4 ,IT WILL HAVE NO VALUE1 NO CONSI/5CY ) :AT IT ELSE:]E PROCLAIMS TO BE ITS ESS5TIAL PR9CIPLES UNLESS IT IS CON/ANTLY BE+ REPL5I%$1 9 PRACTICE1 BY ! EXP]I5CE ( ! WORK]S AS IT TAKES %APE 9 !IR DAY-TO-DAY LIVES4 ,?IS IMPLIES A RADICAL BREAK ) ! PRACTICE ( TRADITIONAL ORGANIZATIONS4 ,! 9TELLECTUALS' MONOPOLY OV] !ORY IS NOT BROK5 BY ! FACT ?AT A T9Y GR\P ( WORK]S >E 0$UCAT$0 BY ! ORGANIZATION -- & ?US TRANS=M$ 9TO SECOND-/R+ 9TELLECTUALS2 ON ! CONTR>Y1 ?IS SIMPLY P]PETUATES ! PROBLEM4 ,! TASK ! ORGANIZATION IS UP AGA9/ 9 ?IS SPH]E IS TO M]GE 9TELLECTUALS ) WORK]S AS WORK]S AS IT IS ELAB\RAT+ ITS VIEWS4 ,?IS MEANS ?AT ! QUE/IONS ASK$1 & ! ME?ODS = DISCUSS+ & WORK+ \T !SE PROBLEMS1 MU/ BE *ANG$ SO ?AT IT WILL BE POSSIBLE = ! WORK] TO TAKE P>T4 ,?IS IS NOT A CASE ( 0! TEA*] MAK+ ALL[ANCES10 BUT RA!R ! PRIM>Y CONDITION TO BE FULFILL$ IF REVOLUTION>Y !ORY IS TO REMA9 ADEQUATE TO ITS PR9CIPLES1 ITS OBJECT1 & ITS CONT5T4 ,!RE OBVI\SLY CANNOT BE EQUAL P>TICIPATION ON ALL SUBJECTS2 ! IMPORTANT ?+ IS ?AT !RE BE EQUAL P>TICIPATION ON ! BASIC ONES4 ,N[1 = REVOLUTION>IES1 ! FIR/ *ANGE TO BR+ AB\T CONC]NS ! QUE/ION ( :AT IS A BASIC SUBJECT4 ,IT IS CLE> ?AT WORK]S C\LD NOT P>TICIPATE AS WORK]S & ON ! BASIS ( !IR EXP]I5CE 9 A DISCUSSION ON ! FALL+ RATE ( PR(IT4 ,IT SO HAPP5S1 AS IF BY ACCID5T1 ?AT ?IS PROBLEM IS1 /RICTLY SPEAK+1 UNIMPORTANT 7EV5 SCI5TIFICALLY74 ,MORE G5]ALLY1 NONP>TICIPATION 9 TRADITIONAL ORGANIZATIONS HAS GONE ALONG ) A CONCEPTION ( REVOLUTION>Y !ORY AS A 0SCI5CE0 ?AT HAS NO CONNECTION ) PEOPLE'S EXP]I5CES EXCEPT 9 ITS MO/ REMOTE CONSEQU5CES4 ,:AT WE >E SAY+ H]E LEADS US TO ADOPT A DIAMETRICALLY OPPOS$ POSITION2 BY DEF9ITION1 NO?+ CAN BE ( BASIC CONC]N TO REVOLUTION>Y !ORY IF !RE IS NO WAY ( L9K+ IT UP ORGANICALLY ) ! WORK]S' [N EXP]I5CE4 ,IT IS ALSO OBVI\S ?AT ?IS CONNECTION IS NOT ALWAYS SIMPLE & DIRECT & ?AT ! EXP]I5CE 9VOLV$ H]E IS NOT EXP]I5CE R$UC$ TO PURE IMM$IACY4 ,! MY/IFICATION ?AT !RE IS SOME K9D ( 0SPONTANE\S PROCESS0 ?R\< :I* ! WORK] CAN1 ?R\< AN EF=TLESS & MAGIC OP]ATION1 F9D EV]Y?+ HE NE$S TO MAKE A SOCIALI/ REVOLUTION 9 ! H]E & N[ ( HIS [N EXP]I5CE IS ! EXACT C\NT]P>T TO ! BUREAUCRATIC MY/IFICATION IT IS TRY+ TO COMBAT1 & IT IS JU/ AS DANG]\S4 ,!SE CONSID]ATIONS %[ ?AT IT IS VA9 TO TALK ( REVOLUTION>Y !ORY \TSIDE A REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATION4 ,ONLY AN ORGANIZATION =M$ AS A REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S' ORGANIZATION1 9 :I* WORK]S NUM]ICALLY PR$OM9ATE & DOM9ATE IT ON FUNDAM5TAL QUE/IONS1 & :I* CREATES BROAD AV5UES ( EX*ANGE ) ! PROLET>IAT1 ?US ALL[+ IT TO DRAW UPON ! WIDE/ POSSIBLE EXP]I5CE ( CONTEMPOR>Y SOCIETY -- ONLY AN ORGANIZATION ( ?IS K9D CAN PRODUCE A !ORY ?AT WILL BE ANY?+ O!R ?AN ! ISOLAT$ WORK ( SPECIALI/S4 ,REVOLUTION>Y ,ACTION ,! TASK ( ! ORGANIZATION IS NOT JU/ TO >RIVE AT A CONCEPTION -- ! CLE>E/ POSSIBLE -- ( ! REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE & !N KEEP IT TO ITSELF4 ,?IS CONCEPTION HAS NO MEAN+ UNLESS IT IS A MOM5T 9 ?IS /RUGGLE2 IT HAS NO VALUE UNLESS IT CAN AID 9 ! WORK]S' /RUGGLE & ASSI/ 9 ! =MATION ( !IR EXP]I5CE4 ,!SE TWO ASPECTS >E 9SEP>ABLE4 ,UNLIKE ! 9TELLECTUAL1 :OSE EXP]I5CES >E =M$ BY READ+1 WRIT+1 & SPECULATIVE ?9K+1 WORK]S CAN =M !IR EXP]I5CES ONLY ?R\< !IR ACTIONS4 ,! ORGANIZATION !RE=E CAN CONTRIBUTE TO ! =MATION ( WORK]S' EXP]I5CE ONLY IF 7A7 IT ACTS 9 AN EXEMPL>Y FA%ION1 & 7B7 IT HELPS ! WORK]S TO ACT 9 AN EFFECTIVE & FRUITFUL WAY4 ,UNLESS IT WANTS TO R5\NCE ITS EXI/5CE COMPLETELY1 ! ORGANIZATION CANNOT R5\NCE ACT+1 NOR CAN IT GIVE UP TRY+ TO 9FLU5CE ACTIONS & EV5TS 9 A P>TICUL> DIRECTION4 ,NO =M ( ACTION CONSID]$ 9 ITSELF CAN BE RUL$ \T 9 ADVANCE4 ,!SE =MS ( ACTION CAN ONLY BE JUDG$ BY !IR EFFECTIV5ESS 9 A*IEV+ ! AIM ( ! ORGANIZATION -- :I* CONT9UES TO BE ! LA/+ DEVELOPM5T ( ! CONSCI\SNESS ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,!SE =MS RANGE FROM ! PUBLICATION ( J\RNALS & PAMPHLETS TO ! ISSU+ ( LEAFLETS CALL+ = SU* & SU* AN ACTION & ! PROMULGATION ( SLOGANS ?AT 9 A GIV5 HI/ORIC SITUATION CAN ALL[ A RAPID CRY/ALLIZATION ( ! AW>5ESS ( ! PROLET>IAT'S [N AIMS & WILL TO ACT4 ,! ORGANIZATION CAN C>RY ?R\< ?IS ACTION COH]5TLY & CONSCI\SLY ONLY IF IT HAS A PO9T ( VIEW ON ! IMM$IATE AS WELL AS ! HI/ORICAL PROBLEMS CONFRONT+ ! WORK+ CLASS & ONLY IF IT DEF5DS ?IS PO9T ( VIEW BE=E ! WORK+ CLASS -- 9 O!R WORDS1 ONLY IF IT ACTS ACCORD+ TO A PROGRAM ?AT COND5SES & EXPRESSES ! EXP]I5CE ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T UP TO ?AT PO9T4 ,?REE TASKS FAC+ ! ORGANIZATION AT PRES5T >E HIE ( ! AW>5ESS !Y ALREADY POSSESS4 ,TWO 5ORM\S OB/ACLES PREV5T WORK]S FROM EXPRESS+ !MSELVES4 ,! FIR/ IS ! MAT]IAL IMPOSSIBILITY ( EXPRESS+ !MSELVES AS A RESULT ( ! MONOPOLY OV] ! MEANS ( EXPRESSION EX]CIS$ BY ! B\RGEOISIE1 ! P>TIES ( ! 0,LEFT10 & ! TRADE UNIONS4 ,! REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATION WILL HAVE TO PUT ITS ORGANS AT ! DISPOSAL ( WORK]S1 :E!R ORGANIZ$ OR NOT4 ,BUT !RE IS A SECOND1 EV5 MORE =MIDABLE OB/ACLE3 ,EV5 :5 !Y >E GIV5 ! MAT]IAL MEANS TO EXPRESS !MSELVES1 ! WORK]S DO NOT DO SO4 ,AT ! ROOT ( ?IS ATTITUDE IS F\ND ! IDEA CON/ANTLY SPAWN$ . BY B\RGEOIS SOCIETY & 5C\RAG$ BY 0WORK+-CLASS0 ORGANIZATIONS ?AT :AT WORK]S HAVE TO SAY DOES NOT REALLY MATT]4 ,! CONVICTION ?AT ! 0GREAT0 PROBLEMS ( SOCIETY >E UNRELAT$ TO WORK+-CLASS EXP]I5CE1 & ?AT !Y BELONG TO ! FIELD ( SPECIALI/S & LEAD]S1 IS CON/ANTLY TAK+ ROOT 9 ! PROLET>IAT2 9 ! LA/ ANALYSIS1 ?IS CONVICTION IS ! ESS5TIAL CONDITION = ! SURVIVAL ( ! SY/EM ( EXPLOITATION4 ,IT IS ! DUTY ( ! REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATION TO COMBAT ?IS1 FIR/1 BY ITS CRITIQUE ( PRES5T SOCIETY1 %[+ 9 P>TICUL> ! BANKRUPTCY ( ?IS SY/EM & ! 9ABILITY ( ITS LEAD]S TO SOLVE !IR PROBLEMS2 & !N & ABOVE ALL1 BY %[+ ! POSITIVE IMPORTANCE ( ! WORK]S' EXP]I5CE & ! ANSW] ?IS CONTA9S 9 EMBRYO TO ! MO/ G5]AL PROBLEMS ( SOCIETY4 ,IT IS ONLY 9S(> AS ! IDEA IS DE/ROY$ ?AT :AT ! WORK]S HAVE TO SAY IS 9SIGNIFICANT1 ?AT WORK]S WILL EXPRESS !MSELVES4 ,! SECOND TASK ( ! ORGANIZATION IS TO PLACE BE=E ! PROLET>IAT AN OV]ALL CONCEPTION ( ! PROBLEMS ( PRES5T-DAY SOCIETY &1 9 P>TICUL>1 ! PROBLEM ( SOCIALISM4 ,WORK]S F9D IT H>D TO 5VISION ! POSSIBILITY ( WORK]S' MANAGEM5T ( SOCIETY & SEE RA!R ! DEGRADATION ! IDEA ( SOCIALISM HAS SUFF]$ ?R\< ITS BUREAUCRATIC C>ICATURES4 ,TAK5 TOGE!R1 !SE DIFFICULTIES CON/ITUTE ! MA9 OB/ACLES 9 ! WAY ( REVOLUTION>Y ACTION ON ! P>T ( ! PROLET>IAT 9 ?IS P]IOD ( DEEP CRISIS 9 ! SOCIAL RELATION%IPS ( CAPITALISM4 ,IT IS = ! ORGANIZATION TO RE>\SE 9 ! PROLET>IAT ?IS AW>5ESS ( ! POSSIBILITY ( SOCIALISM2 )\T IT1 REVOLUTION>Y DEVELOPM5T WILL BE 9F9ITELY MORE DIFFICULT4 ,! ORGANIZATION'S ?IRD TASK IS TO HELP ! WORK]S DEF5D !IR IMM$IATE 9T]E/S & POSITION4 ,AS A RESULT ( ! COMPLETE BUREAUCRATIZATION ( TRADE UNIONS 9 ! GREAT MAJORITY ( CASES & ! 9ANITY ( ANY MOVE AIM$ AT REPLAC+ !M BY NEW & 0IMPROV$0 TRADE UNIONS1 TODAY ! REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATION ALONE CAN TAKE ON AN 5TIRE S]IES ( FUNCTIONS ESS5TIAL = ! SUCCESS & EV5 ! LODG+ ( ECONOMIC DEM&S4 ,!SE 9CLUDE ! FUNCTIONS ( 9QUIRY1 COMMUNICATION1 & LIAISON2 ! BASIC MAT]IAL FUNCTIONS ?AT GO ALONG ) !M2 & F9ALLY1 & ESPECIALLY1 ! FUNCTIONS 9VOLV$ 9 ! SY/EMATIC CL>IFICATION & CIRCULATION ( EXEMPL>Y DEM&S1 ORGANIZATIONAL =MS1 & ME?ODS ( CONDUCT+ /RUGGLES ?AT HAVE BE5 CREAT$ BY ONE OR ANO!R CATEGORY ( WORK]S4 ,?IS ACTION BY ! ORGANIZATION 9 NO WAY D5IES ! IMPORTANCE ?AT AUTONOM\S1 M9ORITY FACTIONS ( MILITANT WORK]S 9 V>I\S COMPANIES MIR[ FRAMEWORK ( ! FIRM & EXP& ONTO ! 9T]OCCUPATIONAL & NATIONAL LEVELS2 MOREOV]1 ! ORGANIZATION CAN MAKE A DECISIVE CONTRIBUTION TO ! EXT5SION ( !IR ROLE4 ,BUT :AT IS MO/ IMPORTANT1 EXP]I5CE %[S ?AT SU* GR\P+S WILL ONLY REMA9 PASS+ PH5OM5A UNLESS !Y >E ANIMAT$ BY MILITANTS :O >E CONV9C$ ( ! NECESSITY = P]MAN5T ACTION & :O1 AS A RESULT ( ?IS CONVICTION1 L9K ?IS ACTION ) PROBLEMS ?AT GO BEYOND ! SITUATION ( WORK]S 9 !IR FIRM4 ,!SE MILITANTS WILL F9D ! ORGANIZATION AN 9DISP5SABLE SUPPORT = !IR ACTION1 & MO/ (T5 !Y WILL ORIG9ATE FROM ?IS ORGANIZATION4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 ! =MATION ( M9ORITY FACTIONS )9 FIRMS WILL MO/ ( ! TIME BE A*IEV$ AS A RESULT ( ! ACTIVITY ( ! REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATION4 ,! ,/RUCTURE ( ! ,ORGANIZATION ,9 ?IS SPH]E TOO1 ! ORGANIZATION'S 9SPIRATION CAN COME ONLY FROM ! SOCIALI/ /RUCTURES CREAT$ BY ! WORK+ CLASS 9 ! C\RSE ( ITS HI/ORY4 ,IT MU/ LET ITSELF BE GUID$ BY ! PR9CIPLES ON :I* ! SOVIET & ! FACTORY C\NCIL W]E F\ND$1 NOT COPY+ SU* ORGANIZATIONS LIT]ALLY1 BUT ADAPT+ !M TO SUIT ! CONDITIONS 9 :I* IT IS PLAC$4 ,?IS MEANS3 ,?AT 9 DECID+ !IR [N ACTIVITIES1 GRASS-ROOTS ORGANS 5JOY AS MU* AUTONOMY AS IS COMPATIBLE ) ! G5]AL UNITY ( ACTION ( ! ORGANIZATION2 ,?AT DIRECT DEMOCRACY1 I4E41 COLLECTIVE DECISION MAK+ BY ALL ?OSE 9VOLV$1 BE APPLI$ :]EV] IT IS MAT]IALLY POSSIBLE2 & ,?AT ! C5TRAL ORGANS EMP[]$ TO MAKE DECISIONS BE COMPOS$ ( DELEGATES ELECT$ FROM ! GRASS-ROOTS ORGANS :O >E LIABLE TO RECALL AT ANY TIME4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 ! PR9CIPLES ( WORK]S' MANAGEM5T MU/ GOV]N ! OP]ATION & /RUCTURE ( ! ORGANIZATION4 ,AP>T FROM !M1 !RE >E ONLY CAPITALI/ PR9CIPLES1 :I*1 AS WE HAVE SE51 CAN ONLY RESULT 9 ! E/ABLI%M5T ( CAPITALI/ RELATION%IPS4 ,9 P>TICUL>1 IT IS ! PROBLEM ( ! RELATION%IP BETWE5 C5TRALIZATION & DEC5TRALIZATION ?AT ! ORGANIZATION MU/ RESOLVE ON ! BASIS ( ! PR9CIPLES ( WORK]S' MANAGEM5T4 ,! ORGANIZATION IS A COLLECTIVE UNIT1 9 ACTION & EV5 9 PRODUCTION2 IT !RE=E CANNOT EXI/ )\T UNITY ( ACTION1 & CONSEQU5TLY ALL QUE/IONS RELAT+ TO ! ORGANIZATION AS A :OLE NECESS>ILY 9VOLVE C5TRALIZ$ DECISION MAK+4 0,C5TRALIZ$0 DOES NOT MEAN ?AT DECISIONS >E TO BE MADE BY A C5TRAL COMMITTEE2 ON ! CONTR>Y1 !Y >E TO BE MADE BY ! ORGANIZATION AS A :OLE1 EI!R DIRECTLY OR ?R\< ELECT$1 RECALLABLE DELEGATES1 US+ ! PR9CIPLE ( MAJORITY VOTE4 ,FUR!RMORE1 IT IS ESS5TIAL ?AT )9 ! FRAMEWORK ( !SE C5TRAL DECISIONS1 ! GRASS-ROOTS ORGANS GOV]N !IR [N ACTIVITIES AUTONOM\SLY4 ,! CONFUSION CREAT$ BY BUREAUCRATIC DOM9ATION OV] ! PA/ ?IRTY YE>S HAS TURN$ SOME PEOPLE TODAY AGA9/ C5TRALIZATION AS SU* 7:E!R 9 A REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATION OR 9 A SOCIALI/ SOCIETY7 & HAS L$ !M TO CONTRA/ IT ) DEMOCRACY4 ,SU* AN OPPOSITION IS ABSURD4 ,FEUDALISM WAS DEC5TRALIZ$1 & IF ,KHRU%*EV'S ,RUSSIA BECAME DEC5TRALIZ$ IT W\LD NOT MAKE IT ANY MORE DEMOCRATIC4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 A FACTORY C\NCIL IS C5TRALIZATION ITSELF4 ,DEMOCRACY IS ONLY A =M ( C5TRALIZATION2 IT MEANS SIMPLY ?AT ! C5T] IS ! TOTALITY ( ?OSE :O TAKE P>T & ?AT DECISIONS >E MADE BY A MAJORITY ( !SE P>TICIPANTS & NOT BY ANY AU?ORITY AP>T FROM !M4 ,BOL%EVIK 0DEMOCRATIC C5TRALISM0 WAS NOT DEMOCRATIC C5TRALISM1 AS WE SAW E>LI]4 ,9 REALITY1 IT WORKS BY ASSIGN+ DECISION-MAK+ FUNCTIONS TO A M9ORITY ( LEAD]S4 ,! PROLET>IAT HAS ALWAYS BE5 C5TRALI/4 ,?IS IS AS TRUE ( ITS HI/ORICAL ACTIONS 7! COMMUNE1 SOVIETS1 WORK]S' C\NCILS7 AS ( ITS CURR5T /RUGGLES4 ,LIKEWISE1 IT HAS BE5 DEMOCRATIC1 ?AT IS TO SAY1 A SUPPORT] ( ! RULE ( ! MAJORITY4 ,IF ! SOCIAL ORIG9 ( OPPOSITION TO ! MAJORITY PR9CIPLE IS TO BE S\E MADE BUT ! 5TIRE PROCESS BY :I* !SE DECISIONS >E >RIV$ AT4 ,DEMOCRACY IS MEAN+FUL ONLY IF ?OSE :O >E TO MAKE ! DECISIONS >E ABLE TO DO SO 9 FULL KN[L$GE ( ! RELEVANT FACTS4.<#b.> ,! PROBLEM ( DEMOCRACY1 !RE=E1 ALSO EMBRACES ! PROBLEM ( OBTA9+ ADEQUATE 9=MATION2 BUT IT DOES NOT 9VOLVE ONLY ?IS1 = IT ALSO 9CLUDES ! NATURE ( ! QUE/IONS POS$ & ! ATTITUDE ( ! P>TICIPANTS T[>D !SE QUE/IONS & T[>D ! RESULTS ( ?IS OR ?AT DECISION4 ,F9ALLY1 DEMOCRACY IS IMPOSSIBLE )\T ! ACTIVE & P]MAN5T P>TICIPATION ( ALL ! MEMB]S ( ! ORGANIZATION 9 ITS WORK & 9 ITS OP]ATION4 ,AGA91 ?IS P>TICIPATION DOES NOT & CANNOT RESULT FROM ! PSY*OLOGICAL PECULI>ITIES ( MILITANTS1 SU* AS !IR =CE ( *>ACT] OR !IR 5?USIASM4 ,IT DEP5DS ABOVE ALL ON ! TYPE ( WORK ! ORGANIZATION PROPOSES TO !M & ON ! WAY 9 :I* ?IS WORK IS CONCEIV$ & C>RI$ \T4 ,IF ! WORK !Y DO R$UCES !M TO ! ROLE ( EXECUTANTS ( DECISIONS ACTUALLY MADE BY O!RS1 !IR P>TICIPATION WILL BE 9F9ITESIMAL4 ,EV5 IF !SE DECISIONS >E IMPLEM5T$ ) GREAT DEVOTION1 ! DEGREE ( P>TICIPATION NECESS>ILY WILL BE ONLY A SMALL FRACTION ( :AT IT IS POT5TIALLY4 ,IT IS !RE=E ! DEGREE ( OPPORTUNITY AF=D$ BY ! ORGANIZATION TO EA* ( ITS MEMB]S TO P>TICIPATE 9 ! \TPUT ( ! ORGANIZATION AS A CREATIVE MEMB] ( ! GR\P & TO USE HIS [N EXP]I5CE TO EX]T CONTROL OV] ?IS \TPUT ?AT WILL ALL[ ONE TO MEASURE ! DEGREE ( DEMOCRACY ! ORGANIZATION HAS BE5 ABLE TO ATTA94 ,CAN WE CLAIM1 !RE=E1 TO HAVE SOLV$ ALL PROBLEMS ONCE & = ALL8 ,CAN WE SAY N[ ?AT WE >E IMMUNE FROM ! MODES ( ?\IAT TO AVOID ALL MI/AKES & DEFEATS8 ,TO SUPPOSE ?IS W\LD BE TO UND]/& NO?+ AT ALL ( :AT HAS BE5 SAID1 & 9DE$1 TO EXPECT A REPLY ( ?IS SORT W\LD BE TO UND]/& NO?+ AT ALL AB\T ! TYPE ( QUE/IONS ASK$4 ,! REPLY TO ?OSE :O ASK = GU>ANTEES ?AT A NEW ORGANIZATION WILL NOT BECOME BUREAUCRATIZ$ IS ?IS3 0,Y\ >E ALREADY COMPLETELY BUREAUCRATIZ$ Y\RSELVES1 Y\ >E ! IDEAL 9FANTRY ( A NEW BUREAUCRACY IF Y\ BELIEVE ?AT BY M]ELY SPECULAT+ AB\T IT1 A !ORETICIAN WILL >RIVE AT A PLAN ?AT WILL ELIM9ATE ! POSSIBILITY ( BUREAUCRATIZATION4 ,! ONLY GU>ANTEE AGA9/ BUREAUCRATIZATION LIES 9 Y\R [N ?\TICIPATION & C]TA9LY NOT 9 Y\R AB/5TION40 ,WE HAVE SAID = SOME YE>S 9 ?IS J\RNAL .<,SOCIALISM OR ,B>B>ISM.> ?AT REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVITY IS CAUTICIPATES 9 ! SOCIETY IT IS TRY+ TO ABOLI%4 ,?IS IS ! SAME SORT ( CONTRADICTORY POSITION ! PROLET>IAT ITSELF IS 9 UND] CAPITALISM4 ,IT IS NONS5SICAL TO LOOK N[ = A !ORETICAL SOLUTION TO ?IS CONTRADICTION4 ,NO SU* SOLUTION EXI/S1 = A !ORETICAL SOLUTION TO A REAL CONTRADICTION IS AN ABSURDITY4 ,?IS DOES NOT W>RANT AB/5TION BUT RA!R /RUGGLE4 ,! CONTRADICTION RESOLVES ITSELF P>TIALLY AT EA* /AGE ( ACTION1 BUT ONLY REVOLUTION CAN RESOLVE IT TOTALLY4 ,IT IS P>TIALLY RESOLV$ 9 PRACTICE :5 A REVOLUTION>Y PUTS BE=E WORK]S IDEAS ?AT ALL[ !M TO ORGANIZE & CL>IFY !IR EXP]I5CE -- &1 :5 !SE WORK]S USE !SE IDEAS TO GO FUR!R1 TO GIVE RISE TO NEW1 POSITIVE CONT5TS ( ! /RUGGLE1 & EV5TUALLY TO 0$UCATE ! $UCATOR40 ,IT IS RESOLV$ 9 P>T :5 AN ORGANIZATION PROPOSES A =M ( /RUGGLE & ?IS =M IS TAK5 UP1 5RI*$1 & BROAD5$ BY ! WORK]S4 ,IT IS RESOLV$ :5 G5U9E COLLECTIVE WORK BECOMES 9/AURAT$ )9 ! ORGANIZATION2 :5 EA* P]SON'S IDEAS & EXP]I5CES >E DISCUSS$ BY ! O!RS1 & !N SURPASS$1 TO BE M]G$ 9 A COMMON AIM & ACTION2 & :5 MILITANTS DEVELOP !MSELVES ?R\< !IR P>TICIPATION 9 EV]Y ASPECT ( ! LIFE & ACTIVITY ( ! ORGANIZATION4 ,NONE ( ?IS IS EV] GA9$ ONCE & = ALL1 BUT IT IS ONLY ALONG !SE L9ES ?AT PROGRESS CAN BE MADE4 ,:ATEV] ! =M ( ! ORGANIZATION & ITS ACTIVITY1 EFFECTIVE P>TICIPATION BY MILITANTS WILL ALWAYS BE A PROBLEM1 AN A*IEVEM5T ?AT MU/ BE RECONSOLIDAT$ DAILY4 ,! PROBLEM WILL NOT BE SOLV$ BY DECREE+ ?AT !RE WILL BE NO ORGANIZATION -- :I* COMES D[N TO ACCEPT+ A ROLE ( NO P>TICIPATION :ATSOEV]1 I4E41 ! EXACT EQUIVAL5T ( ! COMPLETE BUREAUCRATIC SOLUTION4 ,NOR CAN IT BE SOLV$ BY CON/ITUTIONAL RULES OR BYLAWS ?AT W\LD AUTOMATICALLY GU>ANTEE MAXIMUM P>TICIPATION -- = NO SU* RULES EXI/4 ,!RE >E SIMPLY RULES ?AT ALL[ = P>TICIPATION & O!RS ?AT MAKE IT IMPOSSIBLE4 ,:ATEV] ! CONT5TS ( ! ORGANIZATION'S REVOLUTION>Y !ORY OR PROGRAM1 H[EV] DEEP !IR CONNECTIONS ) ! EXP]I5CE & NE$S ( ! PROLET>IAT1 !RE WILL ALWAYS BE ! POSSIBILITY1 ! C]TA9TY EV51 ?AT AT SOME PO9T ?IS !ORY & PROGRAM WILL BE \T/RIPP$ BY HI/ORY1 & !RE WILL ALWAYS BE ! RISK ?AT ?OSE :O HAVE DEF5D$ !M UP TO ?AT PO9T WILL T5D TO MAKE !M 9TO ABSOLUTES & TRY TO SUBORD9ATE & ADAPT ! CREATIONS ( LIV+ HI/ORY TO FIT !M4 ,WE CAN LIMIT ?IS RISK & $UCATE MILITANTS &1 AS A />T1 \RSELVES BY ! ?\4 ,BUT IT CAN NEV] BE ELIM9AT$ COMPLETELY1 & 9 ANY CASE IT CANNOT BE ELIM9AT$ BY ]ADICAT+ !ORY & PROGRAM1 = ?IS COMES D[N TO ELIM9AT+ ALL RATIONAL ACTION & TO AB&ON+ LIFE 9 ORD] TO PRES]VE BAD REASONS = LIV+4 ,?IS CONTRADICTORY SITUATION HAS NOT BE5 CREAT$ BY ! REVOLUTION>Y MILITANT4 ,IT IS IMPOS$ ON HIM1 AS IT IS IMPOS$ ON ! PROLET>IAT1 BY CAPITALI/ SOCIETY4 ,:AT DI/+UI%ES ! REVOLUTION>Y MILITANT FROM ! B\RGEOIS PHILOSOPH] IS ?AT ! =M] DOES NOT REMA9 SPELLB\ND BY ! CONTRADICTION ONCE HE HAS BECOME AW>E ( IT1 BUT /RUGGLES TO OV]COME IT1 NOT ?R\< SOLIT>Y REFLECTION OR SPECULATION1 BUT ?R\< COLLECTIVE ACTION4 ,& TO ACT IS1 9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 TO GET ONESELF ORGANIZ$4 ,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,FEBRU>Y #b1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #c -- ,ADD$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/