,! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ALEX&RA ,KOLLONTAI 

,SECTIONS 7,T,O,C7 3 
     

O ,9TRODUCTION 

      #c1#f#h#h ,WORDS2 #b#c1#f#i#b ,*>ACT]S     

O ,P>T #a 3 ,9DIVIDUAL OR ,COLLECTIVE ,MANAGEM5T8 

      #f1#b#g#b ,WORDS2 #c#i1#c#b#g ,*>ACT]S     

O ,P>T #b 3 ,! ,TRADE ,UNIONS3 ,!IR ,ROLE @& ,PROBLEMS 

      #g1#d#f#h ,WORDS2 #d#f1#c#a#f ,*>ACT]S     

O ,P>T #c 3 ,ON ,BUREAUCRACY @& ,SELF-ACTIVITY ( ,! ,MASSES 

      #e1#e#a#b ,WORDS2 #c#d1#a#i#h ,*>ACT]S 

,SECTIONS 7,CONT5T7 3 

O ,9TRODUCTION 
,WRITT53 E>LY #a#i#b#a2 
,FIR/ ,PUBLI%$3 ,PRAVDA1 ,JANU>Y #b#e1 #a#i#b#a4 ,! TEXT WAS BANN$ 9 ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA 9 ,M>* ( #a#i#b#a1 BY RESOLUTION ( ! #a? ,CONGRESS ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY2 
,S\RCE3 ,SOLID>ITY 7,LONDON7 ,PAMPHLET NO4#g1 #a#i#f#a2 TAK5 FROM ! ORIG9AL ,5GLI% PUBLICATION3  ,WORK]S' ,DREADN\<T 7BY ,SYLVIA ,PANKHUR/71 ,APRIL #bb - ,AUGU/ #a#i1 #a#i#b#a2 
,TRANSLAT$3 FROM ! ,RUSSIAN2 
,TRANSCRIPTION_/,M>KUP3 ,CLASS ,AGA9/ ,CLASS _/ ,BRIAN ,BAGG9S2 
,COPYLEFT3 ,KOLLANTAI ,9T]NET ,>*IVE 7M>XI/S4ORG7 #b#b4 ,P]MISSION IS GRANT$ TO COPY &_/OR DI/RIBUTE ?IS DOCUM5T UND] ! T]MS ( ! ,G,N,U ,FREE ,DOCUM5TATION ,LIC5SE4 
   

,I 

,ALEX&RA ,KOLLONTAI'S TEXT ,! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION WAS WRITT5 9 ,RUSSIAN1 DUR+ ! E>LY WEEKS ( #a#i#b#a4 ,IT WAS AN ATTEMPT TO GIVE A MORE DETAIL$ JU/IFICATION TO ! ,!SES ON ! ,TRADE ,UNION ,QUE/ION1 SUBMITT$ BY ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION = DISCUSSION AT ! #a? ,CONGRESS 7,M>* #a#i#b#a7 ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ( ! ,SOVIET ,UNION 7,! ,!SES !MSELVES W]E PUBLI%$ 9 ,PRAVDA ON ,JANU>Y #b#e1 #a#i#b#a74 ,! DOCUM5T WAS PUBLI%$ 9 ,5GL& ALMO/ IMM$IATELY1 9 ,SYLVIA ,PANKHUR/'S ,WORK]S' ,DREADN\<T 7,APRIL #bb - ,AUGU/ #a#i1 #a#i#b#a7 & REPR9T$ 9 ,*ICAGO LAT] ?AT YE>4 ,9 ,RUSSIA1 IT WAS CIRCULAT$ AT ! #a? ,CONGRESS1 BUT BANN$ IMM$IATELY AFT]W>DS 7AS P>T ( ! \TLAW+ ( ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION71 FOLL[+ ! BAN ON ORGANIZ$ FACTIONS :I* HAD BE5 VOT$ AT ?AT ,CONGRESS4 ,SOLID>ITY REPUBLI%$ ,KOLLONTAI'S TEXT 9 #a#i#f#a4 ,! PUBLICATION >\S$ CONSID]ABLE 9T]E/ 7AS JUDG$ BY SALES7 BUT LITTLE COMM5T AT ! TIME4 ,TRANSLATIONS APPE>$ 9 SEV]AL LANGUAGES4 

,DE/AL9ISATION1 ,HUNG>Y '#e#f1 ,CZE*OSLOVAKIA '#f#h1 & ! SPREAD ( LEFT-COMMUNI/ IDEAS 9 ! WAKE ( ! /UD5T UNRE/ ( ! #a#i#fS ALL CONTRIBUT$ TO MAK+ ! DEBATE ON ! NATURE ( ! ,SOVIET /ATE MORE VIGOR\S & IMPORTANT4 ,H5CE A SECOND $ITION 9 #a#i#f#h1 & N[ A ?IRD ONE4 
,I,I 

,WE >E NOT REPR9T+ ?IS TEXT BECAUSE WE AGREE ) ! ANALYSIS CONTA9$ 9 IT 79 MANY RESPECTS WE DO NOT1 AS WILL BE MADE CLE> 9 ! RE/ ( ?IS ,9TRODUCTION71 BUT RA!R BECAUSE ( ! IMPORTANCE ( ! TEXT ITSELF 9 RELATION TO ! QUE/ION ( ! CAUSES ( ! DEG5]ATION ( ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION4 

,MU* MORE IS N[ AVAILABLE ?AN #b YE>S AGO CONC]N+ ! D>K] SIDES ( ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION BE=E ,L59'S DEA?4 ,DANIELS1 ,AVRI*1 ,VOL9E1 ,BR9TON & O!RS HAVE %ATT]$ ! MY? ( ,/AL9 BE+ MA9LY RESPONSIBLE = ! DEG5]ATION ( A REVOLUTION :I* - ACCORD+ TO ! MY? - HAD REMA9$ FUNDAM5TALLY S\ND UND] ,L59'S LEAD]%IP4 ,EV5 ,TROTSKYI/ HI/ORIANS HAVE HAD TO GIVE UP ! MY? 7SEE ,LIEBMAN'S REC5T ,L59ISM UND] ,L5974 ,! PRE-#a#i#b#c CLOSET HAS TURN$ \T TO CONTA9 AN IMPRESSIVE NUMB] ( SKELETONS4 7,! ,SOLID>ITY FOOTNOTES - WRITT5 9 #aifa - :I* FOLL[ ,KOLLONTAI'S TEXT1 MAY BE USEFUL TO ?OSE NOT ACQUA9T$ ) ! WORKS REF]R$ TO ABOVE2 !Y SUPPLY SOME BASIC 9=MATION ON ! FACTS ,KOLLONTAI REF]S TO1 & !Y />T TO EXPLORE ! ROLE ( ,BOL%EVIK IDEOLOGY & PRACTICE 9 ! DEG5]ATION ( ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION4 ,! 9T]E/$ READ] MAY ALSO WANT TO READ ,PAUL ,C>DAN'S PREFACE TO ! ,FR5* TRANSLATION ( ?IS TEXT1 REPUBLI%$ AS A ,SOLID>ITY PAMPHLET3 ,FROM ,BOL%EVISM TO ,BUREAUCRACY47 

,BUT NO?+ CAN SUB/ITUTE = ! FLAVOR ( ! ORIG9AL DOCUM5TS1 TE/IFY+ TO H[ HI/ORICAL EV5TS W]E P]CEIV$ BY !IR CONTEMPOR>IES4 ,KOLLONTAI'S TEXT1 AN ADMIRABLE BL5D ( S]I\SNESS & S>CASM1 ( ANALYSIS & 9VOLVEM5T1 ( CL>ITY & PASSION1 IS PROBABLY ! LIVELIE/ & MO/ 9T]E/+ DOCUM5T %[+ ?AT1 EV5 AMONG LEAD+ ,BOL%EVIKS & AS E>LY AS #a#i#b1 I4E4 NE>LY F\R YE>S BE=E ,L59'S DEA?1 A CONSCI\SNESS WAS SPREAD+ ?AT ! ,P>TY'S POLICIES DID NOT REFLECT ! 9T]E/S ( ! WORK+ CLASS3 ! SY/EMATIC VIOLATION ( ! PR9CIPLES ( DEMOCRACY & WORK+ CLASS P[] AT ! PO9T ( PRODUCTION WAS HAV+ ITS EFFECTS ON MANY RANK-&-FILE MEMB]S & ON A FEW LEAD]S4 

,! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION IS AN 9CISIVE CRITIQUE ( ! DEVELOP+ BUREAUCRACY4 ,IT IS A CRITIQUE :I*1 9 SPITE ( A NUMB] ( LIMITATIONS TO BE DISCUSS$ BEL[1 IS F> MORE P5ETRAT+ & RADICAL ?AN ?OSE ( ! V>I\S T5D5CIES 9SIDE ! ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY :I*1 = ONE REASON OR ANO!R1 W]E - AFT] ,L59'S DEA? - TO OPPOSE ,/AL9'S 0USURPATION0 ( ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION4 ,IT IS FULL ( GLIMPSES ( A DISMAL SITUATION :]E !RE IS NO DEMOCRACY & LITTLE FRE$OM ( OP9ION & CRITICISM2 :]E ! WORK]S HAVE ALREADY BE5 TOTALLY EXPROPRIAT$ ( ALL P[] TO DECIDE 7EV5 ON SMALL ?+S LIKE EQUIPP+ A D9+ ROOM OR ORGANIZ+ A NURS]Y72 :]E ! ,P>TY & ,SOVIET BUREAUCRATS ALREADY 5JOY CONSID]ABLE PRIVILEGES 7SEE ! DISCUSSION ( H\S+72 & :]E COMRADES :O D>E TO DISAGREE ) DECREES FROM ABOVE >E /ILL BE+ P]SECUT$ 7NOTICE ! WORD /ILL1 HAD P]SECUTION ( DISS5T+ COMRADES !N ALREADY BE5 GO+ ON = A LONG TIME874 ,?IS IS A PICTURE USUALLY ASSOCIAT$ ) ,/AL9I/1 RA!R ?AN ,L59I/1 ,RUSSIA4 ,IT IS ALSO 9T]E/+ ?AT ! REM$IES SUGGE/$ BY ,KOLLONTAI CONTA9 SOME DEM&S N[ USUALLY RA!R ASSOCIAT$ ) ! AN>*I/ TRADITION3 DECISIONS %\LD COME FROM BEL[2 P]SONS 9 A POSITION ( P[] %\LD BE ELECT$ BY1 RESPONSIBLE TO1 & REVOCABLE BY1 ?OSE AFFECT$ BY !IR DECISIONS1 ! CREATIVITY ( ! REVOLUTION>IES MU/ BE CONSID]$ ! GREATE/ RES\RCE = ! ADVICE ( ! REVOLUTION1 & MU/ NOT BE /IFL$ BY DELEGAT+ DECISIONS TO BUREAUCRATS1 & SO ON4 
,I,I,I 

,! MA9 9T]E/ ( ?IS TEXT1 !N1 LIES 9 ?AT IT CLE>LY DEMON/RATES ! EXT5T ( BUREAUCRATIZATION ALREADY PRES5T 9 ,RUSSIA 9 #a#i#b4 ,BUT !RE IS ANO!R REASON :Y IT IS IMPORTANT3 ?IS TEXT %[S ! 9ABILITY ( EV5 A 'LEFTI/' & 9DEP5D5T ?9K] LIKE ,KOLLONTAI TO P]CEIVE SOME CRUCIAL ASPECTS ( BUREAUCRATIZATION1 ! REASON PROBABLY BE+ H] /ILL L>GELY ,M>XI/ ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK4 ,KOLLONTAI'S ANALYSIS IS V]Y SIMIL> TO 79 FACT1 IT IS PROBABLY ONE ( ! S\RCES (7 ! LAT] !ORIES ATTRIBUT+ ! DEG5]ATION ( ! ,P>TY TO UNAVOIDABLE FACTORS LIKE ! BACKW>DNESS ( ,RUSSIA1 ! SMALL RELATIVE SIZE ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 & ! ,CIVIL ,W>4 ,H] DIAGNOSIS ( ! CAUSE ( BUREAUCRATIZATION IS C5T]$ ON ! P5ETRATION ( NON-WORK+-CLASS ELEM5TS 9TO ! ,P>TY3 PEASANTS1 & B\RGEOIS ELEM5TS 7SPECIALI/S & ! LIKE74 ,NON-,BOL%EVIK1 AS %E IS 9 H] FAI? 9 ! WORK+ CLASS & 9 ! PRIMACY ( CLASS OV] ,P>TY1 %E IS /ILL A ,M>XI/ & A ,BOL%EVIK 9 H] BELIEF ?AT ! CLASS ORIG9 ( ! MEMB]S ( A POLITICAL ORGANIZATION IS ! ONLY RELEVANT FACTOR DET]M9+ ! ORGANIZATION'S POLICIES4 ,! WORK+ CLASS1 ACCORD+ TO H] ANALYSIS1 IS GOOD2 O!R CLASSES >E EVIL2 ! ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY'S BASIC PR9CIPLES >E S\ND1 ITS LEAD]%IP IS REVOLUTION>Y2 IF ! ,P>TY W]E MADE UP ( WORK]S ONLY1 !RE W\LD BE NO NE$ TO WORRY4 ,BUT - SO ! >GUM5T W5T ON - AS ! ,P>TY IS NOT ONLY MADE UP ( WORK]S & C\LD NOT BE1 9 ! ,RUSSIAN CONDITIONS ( ! TIME - ! WORK]S HAD TO PROTECT !MSELVES FROM '!IR' P>TY4 ,?IS1 IT WAS BELIEV$1 C\LD BE A*IEV$ BY EXPELL+ NON-PROLET>IAN ELEM5TS4 ,IT WAS ALSO CONCLUD$ ?AT MORE P[] %\LD BE GIV5 TO ! TRADE UNIONS1 :OSE P]SONNEL COMES FROM ! WORK+ CLASS3 ,!RE1 ! CLASS ATMOSPH]E IS 0?ICK]40 

,BUT FROM ,KOLLONTAI'S TEXT ITSELF IT EM]GES ?AT ! GREAT MAJORITY ( ,BOL%EVIK LEAD]S 7& PRESUMABLY ( CADRES TOO - GIV5 ! LIMIT$ SUCCESS ( ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION PROPAG&A CAMPAIGN7 DI/RU/$ ! WORK]S1 W]E 9 FAVOR ( ! ,P>TY CONTROLL+ EV]Y?+1 WANT$ 0ONE-MAN MANAGEM5T10 FAVOR$ ! APPO9TM5T PR9CIPLE AS AGA9/ ! ELECTION PR9CIPLE1 & CONCEIV$ ( ! TRADE UNIONS SIMPLY AS ONE MORE CO]CIVE APP>ATUS TO GET ! WORK]S TO WORK H>D]4 ,! CONSI/5CY ( ALL ! POSITIONS ) ! BASIC T5ETS ( ,BOL%EVIK ,M>XISM 7! WORK]S BY !MSELVES CAN ONLY DEVELOP A TRADE UNION CONSCI\SNESS1 ! ,P>TY IS ! COLLECTIVE CONSCI\SNESS ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! =CES ( PRODUCTION HAS ABSOLUTE PRIORITY1 ETC4 7 IS 9DISPUTABLE4 ,KOLLONTAI'S PRESCRIPTIONS AM\NT$ TO A REJECTION ( ?OSE T5ETS4 ,?IS REJECTION1 IF EXAM9$ C>EFULLY1 W\LD HAVE COME TO IMPLY ?AT3 

7#a7 ORGANIZATIONS DEVELOP DYNAMICS ( !IR [N1 DEP5D+ ON !IR IDEOLOGY1 /RUCTURE & P[]1 

7#b7 ! IDEOLOGY1 /RUCTURE & P[] ( ! ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY WAS EM95TLY FAVORABLE TO BUREAUCRATIZATION1 I4E4 TO ! DEVELOPM5T ( VE/$ 9T]E/S 9 SEEK+ & DEF5D+ PRIVILEGES VIA ! MONOPOLY ( DECISIONAL P[]4 

,BUT !N ,KOLLONTAI W\LD HAVE HAD TO ADMIT ?AT ,BOL%EVIK IDEOLOGY & ORGANIZATIONAL /RUCTURE C\LD !MSELVES - & )9 A FEW MON?S - TURN ! BE/ WORK]S 9TO BUREAUCRATS4 ,BOL%EVISM W\LD HAVE /OOD ACCUS$ ( BE+ ITSELF A CAUSE ( ! DEG5]ATION ( ! REVOLUTION4 
,I,V 

,IT IS D\BTFUL ?AT ,KOLLONTAI HAD REALIZ$ ! MORE G5]AL IMPLICATIONS ( :AT %E WAS >GU+4 ,9 ?IS TEXT1 %E DOES NOT RECOGNIZE ! FACT ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY C\LD 7& DID7 'DEG5]ATE' QUITE AP>T FROM ANY 9FILTRATION'S ( NON-REVOLUTION>Y ELEM5TS1 ?AT ITS POLICIES1 FROM ! V]Y 9CEPTION ( ! REVOLUTION1 AIM$ AT DEPRIV+ ! WORK]S ( ANY REAL DECISIONAL AU?ORITY1 & ACTIVELY CONTRIBUT$ TO ! WORK]S' RETREAT FROM ! HI/ORICAL /AGE4 

,AGA91 %E %\LD NOT HAVE ID5TIFI$1 AS %E IMPLICITLY DOES1 WORK]S' MANAGEM5T ( PRODUCTION ) MANAGEM5T BY ! UNIONS4 ,BY #aiba ! ,RUSSIAN UNIONS W]E ALREADY /RONGLY UND] ,P>TY CONTROL1 & ALREADY 9 AN ADVANC$ /AGE ( BUREAUCRATIZATION4 ,AS ,BR9TON HAS %[N 9 DETAIL1 ! ,BOL%EVIK POLICY 9 ! FIR/ YE> OR SO AFT] ! REVOLUTION WAS TO REMOVE ALL QUE/IONS ( 9DU/RIAL MANAGEM5T FROM ! H&S ( AUTONOM\S WORK]S' COMMITTEES & VE/ !M 9 ! H&S ( ! UNIONS OR O!R 0ECONOMIC0 ORGANIZATIONS4 ,AT A LAT] /AGE 7FROM AB\T #aiai ON7 ! ,BOL%EVIKS W]E TO %$ EV5 ! PRET5SE ( UNION CONTROL & S\<T FIRMLY TO PLACE ALL MATT]S ( 9DU/RIAL POLICY DIRECTLY 9 ! H&S ( ! ,P>TY4 ,:E!R ,KOLLONTAI & ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION REALIZ$ IT OR NOT1 !IR PROTE/ ON ?IS QUE/ION WAS REALLY ONLY AIM$ AT ?IS SECOND PHASE ( ,BOL%EVIK POLICY4 

,IT CAN OBVI\SLY BE >GU$ ?AT ,KOLLONTAI WAS NOT SPEAK+ H] :OLE M9D1 BUT RA!R MOD]AT+ H] CRITICISMS & DEM&S = TACTICAL REASONS3 %E MU/ HAVE KN[N1 IT C\LD BE >GU$1 ?AT %E WAS S\ND+ ALREADY EXTREMI/ 5\< - ,L591 9 FACT1 ACCUS$ H] TEXT ( PETTY-B\RGEOIS AN>*ISM72 & ?AT ! UNION APP>ATUS1 AL?\< F> FROM IDEAL1 WAS ! ONLY SIGNIFICANT ORGANIZATIONAL /RUCTURE :]E ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION MI<T F9D SUPPORT4 ,BUT ! SUBSEQU5T ACTIONS ( MANY MEMB]S ( ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION SUGGE/ ?AT !Y W]E NOT MORE RADICAL ?AN ?IS TEXT IMPLIES4 ,!Y W]E READY TO LIMIT1 BUT NOT TO 5DANG]1 ! PRIMACY ( ! ,P>TY1 AS %[N BY ! FACT ?AT MANY ( !M D5\NC$ ! ,KRON/ADT UPRIS+ & EV5 F\<T AGA9/ ! SAILORS4 

,?US1 !RE SEEMS TO BE A SIGNIFICANT DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! ,KRON/ADT 'REBELS' & ! ,WORK]S ,OPPOSITION3 ! LATT] DID NOT DEF5D ! RI<T ( O!R P>TIES TO EXI/ 7& !RE=E1 PRESUMABLY1 TO SUPPLANT ! ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY IF DEMOCRATIC ELECTIONS SO DECID$74 ,!IR DEMOCRATIC ASPIRATIONS W]E CONSID]ABLY MORE LIMIT$ ?AN ?OSE ( ! ,KRON/ADT SAILORS4 ,ALL OPPOSITION HAD TO BE )9 ! ,P>TY4 ,?IS MAY HELP EXPLA9 :Y1 ON ! :OLE1 !Y DO NOT SEEM TO HAVE PUT UP A T\< /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! DECISION TO DISSOLVE !M AS AN ORGANIZ$ GR\P1 & :Y MANY ( !M REMA9$ ,BOL%EVIK TO ! 5D1 9CLUD+ ,ALEX&RA ,KOLLONTAI4 
,V 

,\R ,9TRODUCTION TO ! PREVI\S REPR9T CONCLUD$ ) ! FOLL[+ WORDS3 

0,BO? ,EA/ & ,WE/1 ! WORK+ CLASS HAS - DUR+ ! LA/ FIFTY YE>S - GONE ?R\< A TREM5D\S EXP]I5CE3 ! EXP]I5CE ( 'ITS [N' LEAD]%IPS1 9 FACT ( ALL 'LEAD]%IPS' CLAIM+ TO ACT ON ITS BEHALF4 ,& DEEP D[N IT IS BEG9N+ TO DRAW ! LESSONS ( A :OLE HI/ORICAL EPO*4 ,!SE >E ?AT ITS EMANCIPATION WILL ONLY BE A*IEV$ & MA9TA9$ ?R\< ITS [N SU/A9$ EF=TS4 ,OV] A HUNDR$ YE>S AGO ,M>X & ,5GELS WROTE ?AT '! EMANCIPATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS IS ! TASK ( ! WORK+ CLASS ITSELF & ?AT ! PROLET>IAN MOVEM5T WAS ! SELF-CONSCI\S1 9DEP5D5T MOVEM5T ( ! IMM5SE MAJORITY'4 ,9 #aiba ,ALEX&RA ,KOLLONTAI & ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION P]CEIV$ SOME ASPECTS ( ?IS ESS5TIAL TRU? ?R\< ! T]RIBLE EXP]I5CE ( ! BUREAUCRATIC C\NT]-REVOLUTION4 ,TODAY1 AFT] ! OP5 ADMISSIONS ( ! #b? & #b#bND ,CONGRESSES ( ! ,C,P,S,U1 AFT] :AT ! :OLE WORLD WITNESS$ 9 ,HUNG>Y & ,CZE*OSLOVAKIA1 & AFT] ! 9NUM]ABLE & AS YET UNDOCUM5T$ HORRORS ( ! ,/AL9 EPO* 7& ( ! P]IOD IMM$IATELY PREC$+ IT71 IT IS ! TASK ( REVOLUTION>IES TO TAKE A DISPASSIONATE LOOK AT REALITY1 TO DRAW ALL ! LESSONS & FE>LESSLY TO PROCLAIM !M0 

,!SE L9ES NO LONG] SEEM TO BE SATISFACTORY AS A CONCLUSION4 ,!Y REFLECT ! CONC]NS :I* W]E C5TRAL TO ,SOLID>ITY'S ACTIVITY AT ! TIME - NAMELY1 ! EF=T TO P]SUADE REVOLUTION>IES ?AT ! DISDA9 ( DEMOCRACY1 ! CULT ( LEAD]S1 ! MANIPULATORY TACTICS1 :I* ! ,M>XI/ MOVEM5T HAD 9H]IT$ FROM ,/AL9ISM1 HAD !IR ROOTS 9 ,L59ISM ITSELF4 ,?IS TRU? IS N[ MU* MORE WIDELY ACCEPT$1 ESPECIALLY 9 ?OSE C\NTRIES :I* HAVE EXP]I5C$ A RADICAL /UD5T MOVEM5T4 ,! R5EW$ 9T]E/ 9 AN>*ISM1 ! HIPPIES 9 ! ,U,S,A1 ,RUDI ,DUTS*KE 9 ,G]MANY1 ! ,9T]NATIONALS ,SITUATIONNI/E & ,COHN-,B5DIT 9 ,FRANCE1 ! 0METROPOLITAN R$SK9S0 9 #aigg 9 ,ITALY1 JU/ TO GIVE A FEW EXAMPLES1 TE/IFY TO ! SPREAD ( ! REFUSAL ( ,L59ISM 9DE$1 9 MANY CASES1 ( ,M>XISM ITSELF4 ,! SAME HOLDS TRUE = L>GE ACTIONS ( ! WOM5'S MOVEM5T4 

,AS WE \RSELVES DEVELOP$ AN 9CREAS+LY CRITICAL ATTITUDE T[>DS ,M>XISM1 WE C\LD NOT AVOID RECONSID]+ ! ROLE ASSIGN$ BY ,M>XISM TO ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,\R PRES5T OP9IONS ON ?IS ISSUE >E NOT UNANIM\S4 ,I1 = ONE1 FEEL UNEASY AT ! SIMPLI/IC FAI? 9 ! WORK+ CLASS EXPRESS$ BY ?OSE CONCLUD+ L9ES4 ,!Y FOLL[ ,KOLLONTAI 9 TREAT+ ! WORK]S AS A HOMOG5E\S :OLE1 ALL FUNDAM5TALLY REVOLUTION>Y2 :ILE ! O!R SOCIAL GR\PS1 BY IMPLICATION1 >E CLASSIFI$ AS C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y4 ,ON ?IS SECOND PO9T1 9 H] [N TIME1 ,KOLLONTAI WAS JU/IFI$ 5\<2 ON ! FIR/1 %E WAS NOT4 ,ALREADY !N1 )9 ! WORK+ CLASS !RE W]E DIVISIONS & HI]>*IES1 ! MO/ SIGNIFICANT ONE BE+ BETWE5 ! OLD]1 POLITICALLY $UCAT$1 SKILL$ WORK]S & ! REC5TLY >RIV$1 UNSKILL$ ONES1 ! LATT] W]E ALMO/ ABS5T FROM ! #a#i#a#g-#a#h ,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES1 & !RE IS EVID5CE ?AT ! SKILL$ WORK]S FELT !Y W]E 5TITL$ TO LEAD]%IP OV] !M1 & ?AT FRICTIONS BETWE5 ! TWO /RATA W]E FREQU5T4 

,! 'LEFT-COMMUNI/' & LIB]T>IAN TRADITIONS SEEM TO HAVE PAID TOO LITTLE ATT5TION TO ! 9T]NAL DIVISION ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,YET1 9 TRY+ TO DEF9E ! WORK+ CLASS1 ! FOLL[+ DILEMMA IS 9EVITABLE3 ! MORE ONE TRIES TO M9IMIZE ! 9T]NAL DIVISIONS & DIV]G5T 9T]E/S ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 ! SMALL] ! WORK+ CLASS MU/ BE TAK5 TO BE 7IT IS ONLY HALF A JOKE TO SAY ?AT1 9 ! ,U,S,A1 A HOMOG5E\S WORK+ CLASS )\T PRIVILEG$ /RATA W\LD 9CLUDE BLACK UNSKILL$ WOM5 WORK]S ONLY2 ! L>G] ONE TRIES TO MAKE ! WORK+ CLASS ! MORE EVID5T 9T]NAL CLEAVAGES & CONTRA/S BECOME4 ,EV5 ! BE/ ATTEMPTS TO PROVE ?AT ! WORK+ CLASS IS NOT A M9ORITY ( ! WORK+ POPULATION 7E4G4 ,BRAV]MAN'S ,LABOR & ,MONOPOLY ,CAPITAL1 ,MON?LY ,REVIEW ,PRESS1 #a#i#g#d7 /OP F> %ORT ( DEMON/RAT+ ITS CAPACITY = POLITICAL UNITY4 ,IT IS NOT NECESS>Y TO REF] TO RACIAL DIVISION 9 ! ,U,S,A TO KN[ ?AT HI]>*IES & DIVISION EXI/ )9 ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,= 9/ANCE1 BETT]-PAID WORK]S USUALLY BITT]LY OPPOSE R$UCTIONS 9 DIFF]5TIALS4 ,IF UNEMPLOYM5T CAN BE MADE TO FALL ON E?NIC M9ORITIES OR IMMIGRANTS1 RACISM OR NATIONALISM (T5 DEVELOP AMONG ! EMPLOY$ :ITE OR NON- IMMIGRANT WORK]S4 ,! CONCEPT ( 0,LABOR >I/OCRACY10 CRITICIZABLE AS IT MAY BE1 WAS BORN \T ( REAL HI/ORICAL PROBLEMS4 

,!SE DIVISIONS CAUSE SOME P>TS ( ! WORK+ CLASS TO BE LUKEW>M OR COLD AB\T RADICAL /RUGGLES :5 !SE MAY 5DANG] SOME ( !IR [N PRIVILEGES 7SMALL AS !SE MAY BE71 & RESI/ RADICAL IDEOLOGIES :I* CRITICIZE !SE PRIVILEGES4 ,! VE/$ 9T]E/S ( SOME SECTIONS ( ! WORK+ CLASS SURELY HAD A ROLE 9 ! BIR? ( SO MANY WORK+ CLASS ORGANIZATIONS & LEAD]%IPS :I* LOOK ABOM9ABLE TO A LIB]T>IAN4 ,& 9 SO F> AS !SE DIVISIONS >E ! RESULT ( CONSCI\S ACTION BY ! CAPITALI/S TO DIVIDE & RULE 7= 9/ANCE ! CONSCI\S FO/]+ ( ,PAKI-BA%+1 OR ( HI]>*IES 9 ! FACTORY1 CREAT$ BY MANAGEM5T1 ) LITTLE OBJECTIVE BASE1 BUT 9T]NALIZ$ BY ! WORK]S7 !Y TE/IFY TO A WEAKNESS ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 UNABLE TO PREV5T ! DIVISION FROM BECOM+ E/ABLI%$ & P]MEAT+ ITS WAY ( ?9K+4 ,CONSID]+ !SE WEAKNESSES1 ONE %\LD NOT BE SURPRISE TO DISCOV] ?AT MANY WORK]S HAVE 9T]NALIZ$ CONS]VATIVE VALUES & MODES ( BEHAVIOR1 & ?AT MANY HAVE OPT$ = SECTIONAL /RUGGLES RA!R ?AN /RUGGLES = ! BETT]M5T ( ! :OLE CLASS3 ) ! CONSEQU5T DEVELOPM5T ( 9DIVIDUALISM1 CYNICISM1 SOMETIMES RACISM1 ETC4 ,MORE FREQU5TLY1 ONE %\LD EXPECT TO F9D A S5SE ( IMPOT5CE1 A FATALI/IC PESSIMISM4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 REALITY (T5 CONFIRMS !SE EXPECTATIONS4 

,LUCKILY1 !ORETICAL ANALYSIS & REC5T /RUGGLES CONV]GE 9 DEMON/RAT+ ! 9CREAS+ IMPORTANCE ( CONC]NS :I* >E NOT SPECIFIC TO ! TRADE 0TRADITIONAL0 WORK+ CLASS PR$ICAM5T 7& ON :I*1 BY ! WAY1 ,M>XISM HAS V]Y LITTLE TO SAY73 SEXISM1 BUREAUCRACY1 AU?ORIT>IANISM1 RACISM1 NATIONALISM1 UNFRE$OM ,EA/ & ,WE/1 ETC4 7IT %\LD BE CLE> :Y MANY Y\NG WORK]S DO NOT SEE !MSELVES AS P>T ( ! WORK+ CLASS3 !Y DO NOT FEEL ?AT BE+ A WORK] IS ! C5TRAL1 DEF9+ ELEM5T ( !IR P]SONALITIES74 ,!RE IS NO REASON :Y RADICAL /RUGGLES ON !SE TOPICS %\LD MOBILIZE ONLY OR MA9LY WORK]S 7SO F>1 9 FACT1 !Y HAVE NOT74 ,!Y CAN 7AS 9 ,MAY #fh 9 ,FRANCE7 ACT AS A CATALY/1 DECREASE ! ECONOMI/ & CORPORATION ( WORK+ CLASS /RUGGLES1 & FAVOR A RETURN TO MORE RADICAL ASPIRATIONS CONC]N+ WORK TOO2 BUT !Y >E ALSO IMPORTANT 9 !MSELVES - PRECISELY BECAUSE WORK & PRODUCTION >E ONLY ONE ( ! REALMS ( SOCIAL LIFE :I* NE$ REVOLUTIONIZ+4 

,SO1 UNQUALIFI$ REF]5CES TO ! TRADITIONAL BELIEF 9 0! REVOLUTION>Y ROLE & REVOLUTION>Y POT5TIAL ( ! WORK+ CLASS0 >E NOT ONLY LACK+ 9 A SOLID !ORETICAL BASE1 BUT >E ALSO DANG]\S4 ,!Y NURTURE AN UNJU/IFI$ OPTIMISM ON ! /R5G? & UNITY ( ! WORK]S4 ,& ) IT !Y BRE$ MY?ICAL HOPES ) CONSEQU5T WA/E ( 5]GIES1 DISILLUSIONM5T1 DESPAIR1 ETC42 !Y FAVOR A LACK ( CRITICAL ATTITUDE T[>DS ! NEGATIVE SIDES ( WORK]S' CULTURE & ACTIVITY 7OR PASSIVITY72 !Y DECREASE ! 9C5TIVE TO LOOK = ! CAUSES ( ! WORK]S' WEAKNESSES & = WAYS ( FI<T+ !M4 ,P]HAPS EV5 MORE DANG]\S1 !Y FAVOR A DISDA9 OR \TRI<T OPPOSITION T[>DS ! NEW /RUGGLES 7SEXUAL1 ECOLOGICAL1 ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN1 AMONG /UD5TS1 9 PRISONS1 9 M5TAL HOSPITALS1 ETC471 ESPECIALLY :5 WORK]S REMA9 9DIFF]5T OR HO/ILE TO !M 7H[ MANY MILITANTS OR RANK-&-FILE PAP]S ACTIVELY FI<T ! REPRESSION ( HOMOSEXUALS AMONG WORK]S874 ,&1 AT A MORE SUBTLE LEVEL1 BY EXTOLL+ WORK]S BECAUSE !Y >E WORK]S1 !Y RISK RE9=C+ ! CAPITALI/ MORALITY ( PRODUCTIVITY - ( WORK AS ! ESS5CE ( HUMANITY & H5CE BO? A DUTY & SOME?+ M]ITORI\S4 ,ONE %\LD RA!R TRY TO SPREAD ! REFUSAL ( WORK & ( ! WORK E?IC1 A HATR$ ( WORK AS IT IS AT ,PRES5T4 

,ONE TASK ( REVOLUTION>IES REMA9S 0TO TAKE A DISPASSIONATE LOOK AT REALITY1 TO DRAW ALL ! LESSONS & FE>LESSLY TO PROCLAIM !M40 ,! PROVISIONAL CONCLUSIONS ( ATTEMPT+ TO DO SO SEEM TO BE ?AT RADICAL ?\<T1 N[ADAYS1 HAS NO SIMPLE =MULAS1 NO CLE> ALLIES4 ,NO ONE1 & NO SOCIAL GR\P1 IS 5TITL$ TO A PRIVILEG$ ROLE4 ,BUT ! O!R SIDE ( ?IS SITUATION IS ?AT OPPOSITION TO PRES5T SOCIETY IS WIDESPREAD 9 MANY MORE /RATA & GR\PS ?AN BE=E4 0,! POSSIBILITIES >E N[ADAYS AT LEA/ AS GREAT AS ! DESPAIR0 ,HORKHEIM] WROTE 9 #a#i#d#c4 ,LET US EXPLORE & EXPLOIT !SE POSSIBILITIES AT US & ! CRACKS 9 ! SOCIAL /RUCTURE :I* \R W$GES CAN WID54 

,!LEME ,AN>RES 
,SOLID>ITY 7,LONDON7 COMM5T 

,T4 ,A4 ASKS COG5T QUE/IONS AB\T 0! WORK+ CLASS'' :I* WE EXPECT TO DISCUSS FUR!R )9 ,SOLID>ITY4 ,AS HE SUGGE/S1 \R PRES5T OP9IONS ON ?IS ISSUE >E NOT UNANIM\S4 ,! FOLL[+ PO9TS HAVE BE5 RAIS$ BY MEMB]S3 
,IS NOT ! DOM9ATION ( ! RUL+ CLASS & !IR SY/EMS OV] \R LIVES MO/ P[]FUL & DIRECT 9 PRODUCTION1 RA!R ?AN 9 $UCATION1 SEXUALITY1 ETC48 ,IF ?IS IS SO1 CAN ! TRANS=MATION ( ! :OLE ( SOCIETY BE A*IEV$ )\T ! TRANS=MATION ( PRODUCTION RELATIONS AS ITS PIVOT1 :ATEV] ! DIFFICULTIES8 ,WE ASK ?IS QUE/ION NOT BECAUSE WE BELIEVE ! DOM9ATION 9 O!R >EAS IS UNIMPORTANT1 OR BECAUSE WE BELIEVE ?AT RADICAL *ANGES 9 !SE >EAS AUTOMATICALLY FOLL[ *ANGES 9 ! RELATIONS ( PRODUCTION4 ,WE ASK IT BECAUSE WE BELIEVE ?AT TO OMIT ALL REF]5CE TO ! ORGANIZATION ( WORK IS TO LEAVE A DANG]\S GAP 9 ! RANGE ( \R CONC]NS4 
,DOES ! POT5TIAL 9FLU5CE ( A SOCIAL GR\P ON EV5TS DEP5D ONLY ON ITS DESIRES OR NUMB]S8 ,OR DOES IT ALSO DEP5D ON H[ C5TRAL A POSITION IT OCCUPIES 9 ! FUNCTION+ ( ! SY/EM8 ,SU* CONSID]ATIONS C\LD ATTRIBUTE KEY ROLES TO P>TS ( ! CON/RUCTIVE_/DE/RUCTIVE WORK+ CLASS4 ,= EXAMPLE WORK]S CONC]N$ 9 ! MA9T5ANCE ( NUCLE> SUBM>9ES C\LD PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE 9 PREV5T+ A W>1 %\LD !Y *OOSE TO DO SO \T ( ALL PROPORTION TO !IR NUMB]S4 ,?IS DOES NOT CONTRADICT ! NE$ = ! COOP]ATION ( A L>GE MAJORITY ( PEOPLE 0WORK+ CLASS0 OR NOT 9 ! TASK ( BUILD+ A NEW SOCIETY4 
,T4 ,A4 REF]S TO 0NEW0 >EAS ( /RUGGLE4 ,BUT >E ! 0NEW0 /RUGGLES ANY LESS DIVID$ BY ! RELATIVE PRIVILEGES ( !IR P>TICIPANTS ?AN ! 0OLD0 ONES8 ,H[ MU* EVID5CE IS !RE1 9 ANY CASE1 ?AT LACK ( PRIVILEGES NECESS>ILY MAKES = RADICALISM8 
,:I* HAS GREAT] POT5TIAL = *ANGE3 ! REFUSAL ( WORK AS SU*1 OR ! DEM& = SOCIALLY USEFUL1 CREATIVE & COOP]ATIVE WORK AS AN IMPORTANT NE$ ( LIFE - ?\< NOT1 ( C\RSE1 ! ONLY NE$ OR NECESS>ILY ! MA9 ONE8 

O ,P>T #a 3 ,9DIVIDUAL OR ,COLLECTIVE ,MANAGEM5T8 

,! ,WORK]S ,OPPOSITION BY ,ALEX&RA ,KOLLONTAI #aiba 
,9DIVIDUAL OR ,COLLECTIVE ,MANAGEM5T8  

,BE=E MAK+ CLE> :AT ! CAUSE IS ( ! EV]-WID5+ BREAK BETWE5 ! 0,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION0 & ! (FICIAL PO9T ( VIEW HELD BY \R DIRECT+ C5T]S1 IT IS NECESS>Y TO CALL ATT5TION TO TWO FACTS3  

7#a7 ,! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION SPRANG FROM ! DEP?S ( ! 9DU/RIAL PROLET>IAT ( ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA4 ,IT IS AN \TGR[? NOT ONLY ( ! UNBE>ABLE CONDITIONS ( LIFE & LABOR 9 :I* SEV5 MILLION 9DU/RIAL WORK]S F9D !MSELVES1 BUT IT IS ALSO A PRODUCT ( VACILLATION1 9CONSI/5CIES1 & \TRI<T DEVIATIONS ( \R ,SOVIET POLICY FROM ! CLE>LY EXPRESS$ CLASS-CONSI/5T PR9CIPLES ( ! ,COMMUNI/ PROGRAM4  

7#b7 ,! ,OPPOSITION DID NOT ORIG9ATE 9 SOME P>TICUL> C5T]1 WAS NOT A FRUIT ( P]SONAL /RIFE & CONTROV]SY1 BUT1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 COV]S ! :OLE EXT5T ( ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA & MEETS ) A RESONANT RESPONSE4 ,AT PRES5T1 !RE PREVAILS AN OP9ION ?AT ! :OLE ROOT ( ! CONTROV]SY >IS+ BETWE5 ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION & ! NUM]\S CURR5TS NOTICEABLE AMONG ! LEAD]S CONSI/S EXCLUSIVELY 9 DIFF]5CE ( OP9IONS REG>D+ ! PROBLEMS ?AT CONFRONT ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS4  

,?IS1 H[EV]1 IS NOT TRUE4 ,! BREAK GOES DEEP]4 ,REPRES5TATIVES ( ! ,OPPOSITION >E NOT ALWAYS ABLE CLE>LY TO EXPRESS & DEF9E IT1 BUT AS SOON AS SOME VITAL QUE/ION ( ! RECON/RUCTION ( \R ,REPUBLIC IS T\*$ UPON1 CONTROV]SIES >ISE CONC]N+ A :OLE >EAS ( C>D9AL ECONOMIC & POLITICAL QUE/IONS4  

,= ! FIR/ TIME1 ! TWO DIFF]5T PO9TS ( VIEW 7AS EXPRESS$ BY ! LEAD]S ( \R P>TY & ! REPRES5TATIVES ( \R CLASS-ORGANIZ$ WORK]S71 F\ND !IR REFECTION AT ! ,N9? ,CONGRESS ( \R ,P>TY :5 ?AT BODY WAS DISCUSS+ ! QUE/ION3 COLLECTIVE V]SUS P]SONAL MANAGEM5T 9 9DU/RY4  

,AT ?AT TIME1 !RE WAS NO OPPOSITION FROM ANY WELL-=M$ GR\P1 BUT IT IS V]Y SIGNIFICANT ?AT COLLECTIVE MANAGEM5T WAS FAVOR$ BY ALL ! REPRES5TATIVES ( ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS1 :ILE OPPOS$ TO IT W]E ALL ! LEAD]S ( \R ,P>TY1 :O >E ACCU/OM$ TO APPRAISE ALL EV5TS FROM ! 9/ITUTIONAL ANGLE4 ,!Y REQUIRE A GOOD DEAL ( %REWDNESS & SKILL TO PLACATE ! SOCIALLY HET]OG5E\S & ! SOMETIMES POLITICALLY HO/ILE ASPIRATIONS ( ! DIFF]5T SOCIAL GR\PS ( ! POPULATION AS EXPRESS$ BY PROLET>IANS1 PETTY [N]S1 PEASANTRY1 & B\RGEOISIE 9 ! P]SON ( SPECIALI/S1 & PSEUDO-SPECIALI/S1 ( ALL K9DS & DEGREES4  

,:Y WAS IT ?AT ONLY ! ,UNIONS /UBBORNLY DEF5D$ ! PR9CIPLE ( COLLECTIVE MANAGEM5T1 EV5 )\T BE+ ABLE TO ADDUCE SCI5TIFIC >GUM5TS 9 FAVOR ( IT8 ,& :Y WAS IT ?AT ! SPECIALI/S' SUPPORT]S AT ! SAME TIME DEF5D$ ! 0ONE MAN MANAGEM5T''83 ,! REASON IS ?AT 9 ?IS CONTROV]SY1 ?\< BO? SIDES EMPHATICALLY D5I$ ?AT !RE WAS A QUE/ION ( PR9CIPLE 9VOLV$1 TWO HI/ORICALLY IRRECONCILABLE PO9TS ( VIEW HAD CLA%$4 ,! 0ONE MAN MANAGEM5T' IS A PRODUCT ( ! 9DIVIDUALI/ CONCEPTION ( ! B\RGEOIS CLASS4 ,! 0ONE MAN MANAGEM5T' IS 9 PR9CIPLE AN UNRE/RICT$1 ISOLAT$1 FREE WILL ( ONE MAN1 DISCONNECT$ FROM ! COLLECTIVE4 ,?IS IDEA F9DS ITS REFLECTION 9 ALL SPH]ES ( HUMAN 5DEAVOR - BEG9N+ ) ! APPO9TM5T ( A SOV]EIGN = ! ,/ATE1 & 5D+ ) A SOV]EIGN DIRECTOR ( ! FACTORY4 ,?IS IS ! SUPREME WISDOM ( B\RGEOIS ?\<T4 ,! B\RGEOISIE DO NOT BELIEVE 9 ! P[] ( A COLLECTIVE BODY4 ,!Y LIKE TO :IP ! MASSES 9TO AN OB$I5T FLOCK1 & DRIVE !M :]EV] !IR UNRE/RICT$ WILL DESIRES4 ,! WORK+ CLASS & ITS SPOKESM51 ON ! CONTR>Y1 REALIZE ?AT ! NEW ,COMMUNI/ ASPIRATIONS CAN BE OBTA9$ ONLY ?R\< ! COLLECTIVE EF=TS ( ! WORK]S !MSELVES4 ,! MORE ! MASSES >E DEVELOP$ 9 ! EXPRESSION ( !IR COLLECTIVE WILL & COMMON ?\<T1 ! QUICK] & MORE COMPLETE WILL BE ! REALIZATION ( WORK+ CLASS ASPIRATIONS1 = IT WILL CREATE A NEW3 HOMOG5E\S1 UNIFI$1 P]FECTLY->RANG$ ,COMMUNI/ ,9DU/RY4 ,ONLY ?OSE :O >E DIRECTLY B\ND TO 9DU/RY CAN 9TRODUCE 9TO IT ANIMAT+ 9NOVATIONS4  

,REJECTION ( A PR9CIPLE - ! PR9CIPLE ( COLLECTIVE MANAGEM5T 9 ! CONTROL ( 9DU/RY - WAS A TACTICAL COMPROMISE ON BEHALF ( \R ,P>TY1 AN ACT ( ADAPTATION2 IT WAS1 MOREOV]1 AN ACT ( DEVIATION FROM ?AT CLASS POLICY :I* WE SO ZEAL\SLY CULTIVAT$ & DEF5D$ DUR+ ?AT FIR/ PHASE ( ! REVOLUTION4  

,:Y DID ?IS HAPP58 ,H[ DID IT HAPP5 ?AT \R ,P>TY1 MATUR$ & TEMP]$ 9 ! /RUGGLE ( ! REVOLUTION1 WAS P]MITT$ TO BE C>RI$ AWAY FROM ! DIRECT ROAD1 9 ORD] TO J\RNEY ALONG ! R\NDAB\T PA? ( ADAPTATION8 =M]LY CONDEMN$ OV]TLY & BR&$ AS 0OPPORTUNISM08 ,! ANSW] TO ?IS QUE/ION WE %ALL GIVE LAT]4 ,MEAN:ILE WE %ALL TURN TO ! QUE/ION3 H[ DID ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION =M & DEVELOP8  
#a4 ,GR[? ( ,! ,WORK]S ,OPPOSITION  

,! ,N9? ,CONGRESS ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY WAS HELD 9 ! SPR+ ( #a#i#b4 ,DUR+ ! SUMM]1 ! APPORTION DID NOT ASS]T ITSELF 4 ,NO?+ WAS HE>D AB\T IT DUR+ ! /ORMY DEBATES ?AT TOOK PLACE AT ! ,SECOND ,CONGRESS ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,BUT DEEP AT ! BOTTOM1 !RE WAS TAK+ PLACE AN ACCUMULATION ( EXP]I5CE1 ( CRITICAL ?\<T4 ,! FIR/ EXPRESSION ( ?IS PROCESS1 9COMPLETE AT ! TIME1 WAS AT ! ,P>TY ,CONF]5CE 9 ,SEPTEMB]1 #a#i#b4 ,= A TIME1 ! ?\<T PREOCCUPI$ ITSELF L>GELY ) REJECTIONS & CRITICISMS4 ,! ,OPPOSITION HAD NO WELL-=MULAT$ PROPOSALS ( ITS [N4 ,BUT IT WAS OBVI\S ?AT ! ,P>TY WAS 5T]+ 9TO A NEW PHASE ( ITS LIFE4 ,)9 ITS RANKS1 0L[]0 ELEM5TS DEM& FRE$OM ( CRITICISM1 L\DLY PROCLAIM+ ?AT BUREAUCRACY /RANGLES !M1 LEAVES NO FRE$OM = ACTIVITY OR = MANIFE/ATION ( 9ITIATIVE4  

,! LEAD]S ( ! ,P>TY UND]/OOD ?IS UND]CURR5T1 & ,COMRADE ,Z9OVIEV MADE MANY V]BAL PROMISES AS TO FRE$OM ( CRITICISM1 WID5+ ( ! SCOPE ( SELF-ACTIVITY = ! MASSES1 P]SECUTION ( LEAD]S DEVIAT+ FROM ! PR9CIPLES ( DEMOCRACY1 ETC4 ,A GREAT DEAL WAS SAID & WELL SAID2 BUT FROM WORDS TO DE$S !RE IS A CONSID]ABLE DI/ANCE4 ,! ,SEPTEMB] CONF]5CE1 TOGE!R ) ,Z9OVIEV'S MU*-PROMIS+ SPEE* HAS *ANG$ NO?+ EI!R 9 ! ,P>TY ITSELF OR 9 ! LIFE ( ! MASSES4 ,! ROOT FROM :I* ! ,OPPOSITION SPR\TS1 WAS NOT DE/ROY$4 ,D[N AT ! BOTTOM1 A GR[? ( P>TICULATE DISSATISFACTION1 CRITICISM & 9DEP5D5CE WAS TAK+ PLACE4 ,?IS 9>TICULATE F]M5T WAS NOT$ EV5 BY ! ,P>TY LEAD]S & IT QUITE UNEXPECT$LY G5]AT$ %>P CONTROV]SIES4 ,IT IS SIGNIFICANT ?AT 9 ! C5TRAL ,P>TY BODIES1 %>P CONTROV]SIES >OSE CONC]N+ ! P>T ?AT MU/ BE PLAY$ BY ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS4 ,?IS1 H[EV]1 IS ONLY NATURAL4  

,AT PRES5T1 ?IS SUBJECT ( CONTROV]SY BETWE5 ! ,OPPOSITION & ! ,P>TY LEAD]S1 :ILE NOT BE+ ! ONLY ONE1 IS /ILL ! C>D9AL PO9T ( \R :OLE DOME/IC POLICY4 ,LONG BE=E ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION HAD APPE>$ ) ITS ,!SES & =M$ ?AT BASIS ON :I*1 9 ITS OP9ION1 ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT MU/ RE/1 9 ! SPH]E ( 9DU/RIAL RECON/RUCTION1 ! LEAD]S 9 ! ,P>TY HAD %>PLY DISAGRE$ 9 !IR APPRAISAL ( ! P>T ?AT IS TO BE PLAY$ BY ! WORK+ CLASS ORGANIZATIONS REG>D+ ! LATT]S' P>TICIPATION 9 ! RECON/RUCTION ( 9DU/RIES ON A ,COMMUNI/ BASIS4 ,! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,P>TY SPLIT 9TO GR\PS4 ,COMRADE ,L59 /OOD 9 OPPOSITION TO ,TROTSKY1 :ILE ,BUKH>9 TOOK ! MIDDLE GR\NDS4 ,ONLY AT ! ,EI<? ,SOVIET ,CONGRESS & IMM$IATELY AFT] DID IT BECOME OBVI\S ?AT )9 ! ,P>TY ITSELF !RE WAS A UNIT$ GR\P KEPT TOGE!R PRIM>ILY BY ! ,!SES ( PR9CIPLES CONC]N+ ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS4 ,?IS GR\P1 ! ,OPPOSITION1 HAV+ NO GREAT !ORETICIANS1 & IF SPITE ( A MO/ RESOLUTE RESI/ANCE FROM ! MO/ POPUL> LEAD]S ( ! ,P>TY WAS GR[+ /RONG & SPREAD+ ALL OV] LABOR+ ,RUSSIA4 ,WAS IT SO ONLY 9 ,PETROGRAD & ,MOSC[8 ,NOT AT ALL4 ,EV5 FROM ! ,DONETZ BAS91 ! ,URAL M\NTA9S1 ,SIB]IA1 & A NUMB] ( O!R 9DU/RIAL C5T]S CAME REPORTS TO ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ?AT !RE ALSO ! ,WORK]S ' ,OPPOSITION WAS =M+ & ACT+4  

,IT IS TRUE ?AT NOT EV]Y:]E DOES ! ,OPPOSITION F9D ITSELF 9 COMPLETE ACCORD ON ALL PO9TS ) ! WORK]S ( ,MOSC[4 ,AT TIMES !RE IS MU* 9DEF9IT5ESS1 PETT9ESS & ABSURDITY 9 ! EXPRESSIONS1 DEM&S & MOTIVES ( ! ,OPPOSITION4 ,EV5 ! C>D9AL PO9TS MAY DIFF]4 ,YET !RE IS EV]Y:]E ONE UNALT]ABLE PO9T - & ?IS IS ! QUE/ION 3 :O %ALL DEVELOP ! CREATIVE P[]S 9 ! SPH]E ( ECONOMIC RECON/RUCTION8 ,%ALL IT BE PURELY CLASS ORGANS1 DIRECTLY CONNECT$ BY VITAL TIES ) ! 9DU/RIES - ?AT IS1 %ALL 9DU/RIAL UNIONS UND]TAKE ! WORK ( RECON/RUCTION - OR %ALL IT BE LEFT TO ! ,SOVIET MA*9E :I* IS SEP>AT$ FROM DIRECT VITAL 9DU/RIAL ACTIVITY & IS AX$ 9 ITS COMPOSITION8 ,?IS IS ! ROOT ( ! BREAK4 ,! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION DEF5DS ! FIR/ PR9CIPLE1 :]E ! LEAD]S ( ! ,P>TY1 :ATEV] !IR DIFF]5CES ON V>I\S SECOND>Y MATT]S1 >E 9 COMPLETE ACCORD ON ! C>D9AL PO9T1 & DEF5D ! SECOND PR9CIPLE4  

,:AT DOES ?IS MEAN8 ,?IS MEANS ?AT \R ,P>TY LIVES ?R\< ITS FIR/ S]I\S CRISIS ( ! REVOLUTION>Y P]IOD1 & ?AT ! ,OPPOSITION IS NOT TO BE DRIV5 AWAY BY SU* A *EAP NAME AS 0SYNDICALISM10 BUT ?AT ALL COMRADES MU/ CONSID] ?IS 9 ALL S]I\SNESS1 ,:O IS RI<T1 ! LEAD]S OR ! WORK+ MASSES 5D[$ ) A HEAL?Y CLASS 9/9CT8  
#b4 ,CAUSES ( ! ,CRISIS  

,BE=E CONSID]+ ! BASIC PO9TS ( ! CONTROV]SY BETWE5 ! LEAD]S ( \R ,P>TY & ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION8 IT IS NECESS>Y TO F9D AN ANSW] TO ! QUE/ION3 H[ C\LD IT HAPP5 ?AT \R ,P>TY - =M]LY /RONG1 MI<TY & 9V9CIBLE BECAUSE ( ITS CLE>-CUT & FIRM CLASS POLICY - BEGAN TO DEBATE FROM ITS PROGRAM8  

,! DE>] ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY IS TO US JU/ BECAUSE IT HAS MADE SU* A RESOLUTE /EP =W>D ON ! ROAD TO ! LIB]ATION IF ! WORK]S FROM ! YOKE ( CAPITAL1 ! LESS RI<T DO WE HAVE TO CLOSE \R EYES TO ! MI/AKES ( LEAD+ C5T]S4  

,! P[] ( ! ,P>TY MU/ LIE 9 ! ABILITY ( \R LEAD+ C5T]S TO DETECT ! PROBLEMS & TASKS ?AT CONFRONT ! WORK]S1 & TO PICK UP ! T5D5CIES1 :I* !Y HAVE BE5 ABLE TO DIRECT1 SO ?AT ! MASSES MI<T CONQU] ONE MORE ( ! HI/ORICAL POSITIONS4 ,SO IT WAS 9 ! PA/1 BUT IT IS NO LONG] SO AT PRES5T4 ,\R ,P>TY NOT ONLY R$UCES ITS SPE$1 BUT MORE (T5 7WISELY' LOOKS BACK & ASKS3 HAVE WE NOT GONE TOO F>8 ,IS ?IS NOT ! TIME TO CALL A HALT8 ,IS IT NOT WIS] TO BE MORE CAUTI\S & TO AVOID D>+ EXP]IM5TS UNSE5 9 ! :OLE ( HI/ORY'8' ,:AT WAS IT ?AT PRODUC$ ?IS WISE CAUTION' 7P>TICUL>LY EXPRESS$ ,9 ! DI/RU/ ( ! LEAD+ ,P>TY C5T]S T[>DS ! ECONOMIC 9DU/RIAL ABILITIES ( ! LABOR UNIONS7 - CAUTION ?AT HAS LATELY OV]:ELM$ ALL \R C5T]S8 ,:]E IS ! CAUSE8  

LF WE BEG9 TO DILIG5TLY TO SE>* = ! CAUSE ( ! DEVELOP+ CONTROV]SY 9 \R ,P>TY1 IT BECOMES CLE> ?AT ! P>TY IS PASS+ ?R\< A CRISIS :I* WAS BR\<T AB\T BY ?REE FUNDAM5TAL CAUSES4 ,! FIR/ MA9 BASIC CAUSE IS ! UN=TUNATE 5VIRONM5T 9 :I* \R ,P>TY MU/ WORK & ACT4 ,! ,RUSSIAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY MU/ BUILD ,COMMUNISM & C>RY 9TO LIFE ITS PROGRAM3  

7A7 9 ! 5VIRONM5T ( COMPLETE DE/RUCTION & BREAKD[N ( ! ECONOMIC /RUCTURE 2  

7B7 9 ! FACE ( A NEV] DIM9I%+ & RU?LESS PRESSURE ( ! ,IMP]IALI/ ,/ATES & ,:ITE ,GU>DS'1  

7C7 TO ! WORK+ CLASS ( ,RUSSIA HAS FALL5 ! LOT ( REALIZ+ ,COMMUNISM1 CREAT+ NEW ,COMMUNI/ =MS ( ECONOMY 9 AN ECONOMICALLY BACKW>D C\NTRY ) A PREPOND]ANT PEASANT POPULATION1 :]E ! NECESS>Y ECONOMIC PR]EQUISITES = SOCIALIZATION ( PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION >E LACK+1 & :]E ,CAPITALISM HAS NOT AS YET BE5 ABLE TO COMPLETE ! FULL CYCLE ( ITS DEVELOPM5T 7FROM ! UNLIMIT$ /RUGGLE ( COMPETITION ( ! FIR/ /AGE ( ,CAPITALISM TO ITS HI<E/ =M3 ! REGULATION ( PRODUCTION BY CAPITALI/ UNIONS - ! TRU/S74  

,IT IS QUITE NATURAL ?AT ALL !SE FACTORS H9D] ! REALIZATION ( \R PROGRAM 7P>TICUL>LY 9 ITS ESS5TIAL P>T - 9 ! RECON/RUCTION ( ,9DU/RIES ON ! NEW BASIS7 & 9JECT 9TO \R ,SOVIET ECONOMIC POLICY DIV]SE 9FLU5CES & A LACK ( UNI=MITY4  

,\T ( ?IS BASIC CAUSE FOLL[ ! TWO O!RS4 ,FIR/ ( ALL1 ! ECONOMIC BACKW>DNESS ( ,RUSSIA & ! DOM9ATION ( ! PEASANTRY )9 ITS B\ND>IES CREATE ?AT DIV]SITY1 & 9EVITABLY DETRACT ! PRACTICAL POLICY ( \R ,P>TY FROM ! CLE>-CUT CLASS DIRECTION1 CONSI/5T 9 PR9CIPLE & !ORY4  

,ANY P>TY /&+ AT ! HEAD ( A HET]OG5E\S ,SOVIET /ATE IS COMPELL$ TO CONSID] ! ASPIRATIONS ( PEASANTS ) !IR PETTY-B\RGEOIS 9CL9ATIONS & RES5TM5TS T[>DS ,COMMUNISM1 AS WELL AS L5D AN E> TO ! NUM]\S PETTY-B\RGEOIS ELEM5TS1 REMNANTS ( ! =M] CAPITALI/S 9 ,RUSSIA & TO ALL K9DS ( TRAD]S1 MIDDLEM51 PETTY (FICIALS1 ETC4 ,!SE HAVE V]Y RAPIDLY ADAPT$ !MSELVES TO ! ,SOVIET 9/ITUTIONS & OCCUPY RESPONSIBLE POTIONS 9 ME C5T]S1 APPE>+ 9 ! CAPACITY ( AG5TS ( DIFF]5T COMMISS>IATS ETC4 ,NO WOND] ?AT ,Z>UPA1 ! ,PEOPLE'S ,COMMISS> ( ,SUPPLIES1 AT ! ,EI<? ,CONGRESS QUOT$ FIGURES :I* %[$ ?AT 9 ! S]VICE ( ! ,COMMISS>IAT ( ,SUPPLIES !RE W]E 5GAG$ #a#g.0 ( WORK]S1 #a#c.0 ( PEASANTS1 LESS ?AN #b.0 ( SPECIALI/S1 & ?AT ( ! REMA9+1 MORE ?AN #e.0 W]E TRADESM51 SALESM51 & SIMIL> PEOPLE1 9 ! MAJORITY EV5 ILLIT]ATE 7,Z>UPA'S [N WORDS74 ,9 ,Z>UPA'S OP9ION ?IS IS A PRO( ( !IR DEMOCRATIC CON/ITUTION1 EV5 ?\< !Y HAVE NO?+ 9 COMMON ) ! CLASS PROLET>IANS1 ) ! PRODUC]S ( ALL WEAL?1 ) ! WORK]S 9 FACTORY & MILL4  

,!SE >E ! ELEM5TS - ! PETTY-B\RGEOIS ELEM5TS WIDELY SCATT]$ ?R\< ! ,SOVIET 9/ITUTIONS1 ! ELEM5TS ( ! MIDDLE CLASS1 ) !IR HO/ILITY T[>DS ,COMMUNISM1 & ) !IR PR$ILECTIONS T[>DS ! IMMUTABLE CU/OMS ( ! PA/1 ) RES5TM5TS & FE>S T[>DS REVOLUTION>Y >TS4 ,!SE >E ! ELEM5TS ?AT BR+ DECAY 9TO \R ,SOVIET 9/ITUTIONS1 BRE$+ !RE AN ATMOSPH]E ALTOGE!R REPUGNANT TO ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,!Y >E TWO DIFF]5T WORLDS & HO/ILE AT ?AT4 ,& YET WE 9 ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA >E COMPELL$ TO P]SUADE BO? \RSELVES & ! WORK+ CLASS ?AT ! PETTY-B\RGEOISIE & MIDDLE CLASSES 7NOT TO SPEAK ( WELL-TO-DO PEASANTS7 CAN QUITE COM=TABLY EXI/ UND] ! COMMON MOTTO3 0,ALL P[] TO ! ,SOVIETS10 =GETFUL ( ! FACT ?AT 9 PRACTICAL EV]YDAY LIFE1 ! 9T]E/S ( ! WORK]S & ?OSE ( ! MIDDLE CLASSES & PEASANTRY IMBU$ ) PETTY-B\RGEOIS PSY*OLOGY MU/ 9EVITABLY CLA%1 R5D+ ! ,SOVIET POLICY ASUND]1 & DE=M+ ITS CLE>E/ CLASS /ATUTES4 ,BESIDE PEASANT-[N]S 9 ! VILLAGES & BUR<] ELEM5TS 9 ! CITIES1 \R P>TY 9 ITS ,SOVIET ,/ATE POLICY IS =C$ TO RECKON ) ! 9FLU5CE EX]T$ BY ! REPRES5TATIVES ( WEAL?Y B\RGEOISIE N[ APPE>+ 9 ! =M ( SPECIALI/S1 TE*NICIANS1 5G9E]S & =M] MANAG]S ( F9ANCIAL & 9DU/RIAL AFFAIRS1 :O BY ALL !IR PA/ EXP]I5CE >E B\ND TO ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM ( PRODUCTION4 ,!Y CANNOT EV5 IMAG9E ANY O!R MODE ( PRODUCTION1 BUT ! ONE :I* LIES )9 ! TRADITIONAL B\NDS ( CAPITALI/ ECONOMICS4  
#c4,! ,GR[+ ,9FLU5CE ( ,! ,SPECIALI/S  

,! MORE ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA F9DS ITSELF 9 NE$ ( SPECIALI/S 9 ! SPH]E ( TE*NIQUE & MANAGEM5T ( PRODUCTION1 ! /RONG] BECOMES ! 9FLU5CE ( !SE ELEM5TS1 =EIGN TO ! WORK+ CLASS1 ON ! DEVELOPM5T ( \R ECONOMY4 ,HAV+ BE5 ?R[N ASIDE DUR+ ! FIR/ P]IOD ( ! REVOLUTION1 & BE+ COMPELL$ TO TAKE UP AN ATTITUDE ( WAT*FUL WAIT+ OR SOMETIMES EV5 OP5 HO/ILITY T[>DS ! ,SOVIET AU?ORITIES1 P>TICUL>LY DUR+ ! MO/ TRY+ MON?S 7! HI/ORICAL SABOTAGE BY ! 9TELLECTUALS71 ?IS SOCIAL GR\P ( BRA9S 9 CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION1 ( S]VILE1 HIR$1 WELL-PAID S]VANTS ( CAPITAL1 ACQUIRE MORE & MORE 9FLU5CE & IMPORTANCE 9 POLITICS ) EV]Y DAY FIAT PASSES4  

,DO WE NE$ NAMES8 ,EV]Y FELL[ WORK]1 C>EFULLY WAT*+ \R =EIGN & DOME/IC POLICY1 RECALLS MORE ?AN ONE SU* NAME 4 ,AS LONG AS ! C5T] ( \R LIFE REMA9$ AT ! MILIT>Y FRONTS1 ! 9FLU5CE ( !SE G5TLEM5 DIRECT+ \R ,SOVIET POLICY1 P>TICUL>LY 9 ! SPH]E ( 9DU/RIAL RECON/RUCTION1 WAS COMP>ATIVELY NEGLIGIBLE4 ,SPECIALI/S1 ! REMNANTS ( ! PA/1 BY ALL !IR NATURE CLOSELY1 UNALT]ABLY B\ND TO ! B\RGEOIS SY/EM ?AT WE AIM TO DE/ROY1 GRADUALLY BEG9 TO P5ETRATE 9TO \R ,R$ ,>MY1 9TRODUC+ !RE !IR ATMOSPH]E ( ! PA/ 7BL9D SUBORD9ATION1 S]VILE OB$I5CE1 DI/9CTION1 RANKS1 & ! >BITR>Y WILL ( SUP]IORS 9 PLACE ( CLASS DISCIPL9E1 ETC474 ,BUT !IR 9FLU5CE DID NOT EXT5D TO ! G5]AL POLITICAL ACTIVITY ( ! ,SOVIET ,REPUBLIC4 ,! PROLET>IAT DID NOT QUE/ION !IR SUP]IOR SKILL TO DIRECT MILIT>Y AFFAIRS1 FULLY REALIZ+ ?R\< !IR HEAL?Y CLASS 9/9CT ?AT 9 MILIT>Y MATT]S ! WORK+ CLASS AS A CLASS CANNOT EXPRESS A NEW WORLD1 IS P[]LESS TO 9TRODUCE SUB/ANTIAL *ANGES 9TO ! MILIT>Y SY/EM - TO RECON/RUCT ITS F\NDATION ON A NEW CLASS BASIS4 ,PR(ESSIONAL MILIT>ISM - AN 9H]ITANCE ( PA/ AGES - MILIT>ISM & W>S WILL HAVE NO PLACE 9 ,COMMUNI/ SOCIETY4 ,! /RUGGLE WILL GO ON ALONG O!R *ANNELS1 WILL TAKE QUITE DIFF]5T =MS 9CONCEIVABLE TO \R IMAG9ATION ,MILIT>ISM LIVES ?R\< ITS LA/ DAYS1 ?R\< ! TRANSITORY EPO* ( DICTATOR%IP1 & !RE=E IT IS ONLY NATURAL ?AT ! WORK]S1 AS A CLASS1 C\LD NOT 9TRODUCE 9TO ! =MS & SY/EMS ANY?+ NEW & CONDUCIVE TO ! FUTURE DEVELOPM5T ( SOCIETY4 ,EV5 9 ! ,R$ ,>MY1 H[EV]1 !RE W]E 9NOVAT+ T\*ES ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,BUT ! NATURE ( MILIT>ISM REMA9$ ! SAME1 & ! DIRECTION ( MILIT>Y AFFAIRS BY ! =M] (FIC]S & G5]ALS ( ! OLD >MY DID NOT DRAW ! ,SOVIET POLICY 9 MILIT>Y MATT]S AWAY TO ! OPPOSITE SIDE SUFFICI5TLY = ! WORK]S TO FEEL ANY H>M TO !MSELVES OR TO !IR CLASS 9T]E/S4  

,9 ! SPH]E ( NATIONAL ECONOMY IT IS QUITE DIFF]5T H[EV]4 ,PRODUCTION1 ITS ORGANIZATION - ?IS IS ! ESS5CE ( ,COMMUNISM4 ,TO DEB> ! WORK]S FROM ! ORGANIZATION ( 9DU/RY1 TO DEPRIVE !M1 ?AT IS1 !IR 9DIVIDUAL ORGANIZATIONS1 ( ! OPPORTUNITY TO DEVELOP4 !IR P[]S 9 CREAT+ NEW =MS ( PRODUCTION 9 9DU/RY ?R\< !IR UNIONS1 TO D5Y !SE EXPRESSIONS ( ! CLASS ORGANIZATION ( ! PROLET>IAT1 :ILE PLAC+ FULL RELIANCE ON ! 'SKILL' ( SPECIALI/S TRA9$ & TAU<T TO C>RY ON PRODUCTION UND] A QUITE DIFF]5T SY/EM ( PRODUCTION - IS TO JUMP (F ! RAILS ( SCI5TIFIC ,M>XI/ ?\<T4 ,?AT IS1 H[EV]1 JU/ ! ?+ ?AT IS BE+ DONE BY ! LEAD]S ( \R ,P>TY AT PRES5T4  

,TAK+ 9TO CONSID]ATION ! UTT] COLLAPSE ( \R 9DU/RIES :ILE /ILL CL++ TO ! CAPITALI/ MODE ( PRODUCTION 7PAYM5T = LABOR 9 MONEY1 V>IATIONS 9 WAGES RECEIV$ ACCORD+ TO ! WORK DONE7 \R ,P>TY LEAD]S1 9 A FIT ( DI/RU/ 9 ! CREATIVE ABILITIES ( WORK]S' COLLECTIVES1 >E SEEK+ SALVATION FROM ! 9DU/RIAL *AOS4 ,:]E8 ,9 ! H&S ( SCIONS ( ! B\RGEOIS-CAPITALI/ PA/4 ,9 BUS9ESSM5 & TE*NICIANS1 :OSE CREATIVE ABILITIES 9 ! SPH]E ( ,9DU/RY >E SUBJECT TO ! R\T9E1 HABITS & ME?ODS ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM ( PRODUCTION & ECONOMY4 ,!Y >E ! ONES :O 9TRODUCE ! RIDICUL\SLY NAIVE BELIEF ?AT IT IS POSSIBLE TO BR+ AB\T ,COMMUNISM BY BUREAUCRATIC MEANS4 ,!Y 'DECREE' :]E IT IS N[ NECESS>Y TO CREATE & C>RY ON RESE>*4  

,! MORE ! MILIT>Y FRONT REC$ES BE=E ! ECONOMIC FRONT1 ! KE5] BECOMES \R CRY+ NE$2 ! MORE PRON\NC$ ! 9FLU5CE ( ?AT GR\P :I* IS NOT ONLY 9H]5TLY =EIGN TO ,COMMUNISM1 BUT ABSOLUTELY UNABLE TO DEVELOP ! RI<T QUALITIES = 9TRODUC+ NEW =MS ( ORGANIZ+ ! WORK1 ( NEW MOTIVES = 9CREAS+ PRODUCTION1 ( NEW APPROA*ES TO PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION4 ,ALL !SE TE*NICIANS1 PRACTICAL M51 M5 ( BUS9ESS EXP]I5CE1 :O JU/ N[ APPE> ON ! SURFACE ( ,SOVIET LIFE BR+ PRESSURE TO BE> UPON ! LEAD]S ( \R ,P>TY ?R\< & )9 ! ,SOVIET 9/ITUTIONS BY EX]T+ !IR 9FLU5CE ON ECONOMIC POLICY4  
#d4 ,/ATE ,& ,P>TY  

,! ,P>TY1 !RE=E1 F9DS ITSELF 9 A DIFFICULT & EMB>RASS+ SITUATION REG>D+ ! CONTROL OV] ! ,SOVIET /ATE4 ,IT IS =C$ TO L5D AN E> & TO ADAPT ITSELF TO ?REE ECONOMICALLY HO/ILE GR\PS ( ! POPULATION1 EA* DIFF]5T 9 SOCIAL /RUCTURE4 ,! WORK]S DEM& A CLE>-CUT1 UNCOMPROMIS+ POLICY1 A RAPID1 =C$ ADVANCE T[>DS ,COMMUNISM2 ! PEASANTRY1 ) ITS PETTY-B\RGEOIS PROCLIVITIES & SYMPA?IES1 DEM&S ,AFF]5T K9DS ( 0FRE$OM10 9CLUD+ FRE$OM ( TRADE & NON9T]F]5CE 9 !IR AFFAIRS4 ,! LATT] >E JO9$ 9 ?IS DEM& BE ! BUR<] CLAD 9 ! =M ( 7AG5TS' ( ,SOVIET (FICIALS1 COMMISS>IES 9 ! >MY1 ETC41 :O HAVE ALREADY ADAPT$ !MSELVES TO ! ,SOVIET REGIME1 & SWAY \R POLICY T[>D PETTY-B\RGEOIS L9ES4  

,AS F> AS ! C5T] IS CONC$$1 ! 9FLU5CE ( !SE PETTY-B\RGEOIS ELEM5TS IS NEGLIGIBLE4 ,BUT 9 ! PROV9CES & 9 LOCAL ,SOVIET ACTIVITY1 !IR 9FLU5CE IS A GREAT & H>MFUL ONE4 ,F9ALLY1 !RE IS /ILL ANO!R GR\P ( M5 CONSI/+ ( ! =M] MANAG]S & DIRECTORS ( ! CAPITALI/ 9DU/RIES4 ,!SE >E NOT ! MAGNATES ( CAPITAL1 LIKE ,RIABU%9SKY OR ,RUBLIK(F1 :OM ! ,SOVIET ,REPUBLIC GOT RID ( DUR+ ! FIR/ PHASE ( ! REVOLUTION1 BUT !Y >E ! MO/ TAL5T$ S]VANTS ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM ( PRODUCTION1 ! 'BRA9S & G5IUS' ( ,CAPITALISM1 ITS TRUE CREATORS & SPONSORS4 ,HE>TILY APPROV+ ! C5TRALI/ T5D5CIES ( ! ,SOVIET GOV]NM5T 9 ! SPH]E ( ECONOMICS1 WELL REALIZ+ ALL ! B5EFITS ( TRU/IFICATION & REGULATION ( PRODUCTION 7?IS1 BY ! WAY1 IS BE+ C>RI$ ON BY CAPITAL 9 ALL ADVANC$ ,9DU/RIAL 1 C\NTRIES71 !Y >E /RIV+ = JU/ ONE ?+ - !Y WANT ?IS REGULATION TO BE C>RI$ ON NOT ?R\< ! LABOR ORGANIZATIONS 7! 9DU/RIAL UNIONS71 BUT BY !MSELVES - ACT+ N[ UND] ! GUISE ( ,SOVIET ECONOMIC 9/ITUTIONS - ! C5TRAL 9DU/RIAL COMMITTEES1 9DU/RIAL C5T]S ( ! ,SUPREME ,C\NCIL ( ,NATIONAL ,ECONOMY1 :]E !Y >E ALREADY FIRMLY ROOT$4 ,! 9FLU5CE ( !SE G5TLEM5 ON ! 'SOB]' ,/ATE POLICY ( \R LEAD]S IS GREAT1 CONSID]ABLY GREAT] ?AN IS DESIRABLE4 ,?IS 9FLU5CE IS REFLECT$ 9 ! POLICY :I* DEF5DS & CULTIVATES BUREAUCRATISM 7) NO ATTEMPTS TO *ANGE IT 5TIRELY1 BUT JU/ TO IMPROVE IT74 ,! POLICY IS P>TICUL>LY OBVI\S 9 ! SPH]E ( \R =EIGN TRADE ) ! CAPITALI/ /ATES1 :I* IS JU/ BEG9N+ TO SPR+ UP3 !SE COMM]CIAL RELATIONS >E C>RI$ ON OV] ! HEADS ( ! ,RUSSIAN AS WELL AS ! =EIGN ORGANIZ$ WORK]S4 ,IT F9DS ITS EXPRESSION1 ALSO1 9 A :OLE S]IES ( MEASURES RE/RICT+ ! SELF-ACTIVITY ( ! MASSES & GIV+ ! 9ITIATIVE TO ! SCIONS ( ! CAPITALI/ WORLD4  

,AMONG ALL !SE V>I\S GR\PS ( ! POPULATION1 \R ,P>TY1 BY TRY+ TO F9D A MIDDLE GR\ND1 IS COMPELL$ TO /E] A C\RSE :I* DOES NOT JEOP>DIZE ! UNITY ( ! ,/ATE 9T]E/S4 ,! CLE>-CUT POLICY ( \R ,P>TY1 9 ! PROCESS ( ID5TIFY+ ITSELF ) ,SOVIET ,/ATE 9/ITUTIONS1 IS BE+ GRADUALLY TRANS=M$ 9TO AN UPP]-CLASS POLICY1 :I* 9 ESS5CE IS NO?+ ELSE BUT AN ADAPTATION ( \R DIRECT+ C5T]S TO ! HET]OG5E\S & IRRECONCILABLE 9T]E/S ( A SOCIALLY DIFF]5T1 MIX$1 POPULATION4 ,?IS ADAPTATION LEADS TO 9EVITABLE VACILLATION1 FLUCTUATIONS1 DEFLATIONS & MI/AKES4 ,IT IS ONLY NECESS>Y TO RECALL ! ZIG-ZAG-LIKE ROAD ( \R POLICY T[>D ! PEASANTRY1 :I* FROM ?ANK+ ON ! POOR PEASANT'1 BR\<T US TO PLAC+ RELIANCE ON ! 9DU/RI\S PEASANT-[N]'4 ,LET US ADMIT ?AT ?IS POLICY IS PRO( ( ! POLITICAL SOB]NESS & 0/ATECRAFT WISDOM0 ( \R DIRECT+ C5T]S4 ,BUT ! FUTURE HI/ORIAN1 ANALYZ+ )\T BIAS ! /AGES ( \R DOM9ATION1 WILL F9D & PO9T \T ?AT 9 ?IS IS EVID5T A DANG]\S DIGRESSION' FROM ! CLASS L9E T[>D 'ADAPTATION' & A C\RSE FULL ( H>MFUL POSSIBILITIES OR RESULTS4  

,LET US AGA9 TAKE ! QUE/ION ( =EIGN TRADE4 ,!RE EXI/S 9 \R POLICY AN OBVI\S DUPLICITY4 ,?IS IS ATTE/$ BY ! CON/ANT1 UN5D+ FRICTION BETWE5 ! ,COMMISS>IAT ( ,=EIGN ,TRADE & ! ,COMMISS>IAT ( ,=EIGN ,AFFAIRS4 ,?IS FRICTION IS NOT ( ADM9I/RATIVE NATURE ALONE4 ,ITS CAUSE LIES DEEP]4 ,& IF ! SECRET WORK ( ! DIRECT+ C5T]S W]E EXPOS$ TO ! VIEW ( RANK & FILE ELEM5TS1 :O KN[S :AT ! CONTROV]SY DIVID+ ! ,COMMISS>IAT ( ,=EIGN ,AFFAIRS & ! TRADE REPRES5TATIVES ABROAD MI<T LEAD TO8  

,?IS SEEM+LY ADM9I/RATIVE FRICTION IS ESS5TIALLY A S]I\S1 DEEP1 SOCIAL FRICTION1 CONCEAL$ FROM ! RANK & TILE1 & MAKES IT ABSOLUTELY NECESS>Y = ,SOVIET POLITICS TO ADAPT TO ! ?REE HET]OG5E\S SOCIAL GR\PS ( ! POPULATION 7WORK]S1 PEASANTS & REPRES5TATIVES ( ! =M] B\RGEOISIE74 ,?IS CON/ITUTES ANO!R CAUSE BR++ A CRISIS 9TO \R ,P>TY4 ,& WE CANNOT BUT PAY ATT5TION TO ?IS CAUSE4 ,IT IS TOO *>ACT]I/IC1 TOO PREGNANT ) POSSIBILITIES4 ,IT IS !RE=E ! DUTY ( \R ,P>TY1 ON BEHALF ( ,P>TY UNITY & FUTURE ACTIVITY1 TO POND] OV] ?IS CAUSE & TO LE>N ! NECESS>Y LESSONS FROM ! WIDESPREAD DISSATISFACTION G5]AT$ BY IT 9 ! RANK & FILE4  
#e4 ,! ,MASSES >E NOT ,BL9D  

,AS LONG AS ! WORK+ CLASS1 DUR+ ! FIR/ P]IOD ( ! REVOLUTION1 FELT ITSELF TO BE ! ONLY BE>] ( ,COMMUNISM1 !RE WAS P]FECT UNANIMITY 9 ! ,P>TY4 ,9 ! DAYS IMM$IATELY FOLL[+ ! ,OCTOB] ,REVOLUTION1 NONE C\LD EV5 ?9K ( 'UPS' AS SOME?+ DIFF]5T FROM 'D[NS'1 = 9 ?OSE DAYS ! ADVANC$ WORK]S W]E BUSILY 5GAG$ 9 REALIZ+ PO9T AFT] PO9T 9 \R CLASS-COMMUNI/ PROGRAM4 ,! PEASANT :O RECEIV$ ! L& DID NOT AT ! TIME ASS]T HIMSELF AS A P>T ( & A FULL-FL$G$ CITIZ5 ( ! ,SOVIET ,REPUBLIC4 ,9TELLECTUALS1 SPECIALI/S1 M5 ( AFFAIRS - ! 5TIRE PETTY-B\RGEOIS CLASS & PSEUDO-SPECIALI/S AT PRES5T CLIMB+ UP ! ,SOVIET LADD]1 RUNG BY RUNG1 UND] ! GUISE ( 'SPECIALI/S'  - /EPP$ ASIDE1 WAT*+ & WAIT+ BUT MEAN:ILE GIV+ FRE$OM TO ! ADVANC$ WORK+ MASSES TO DEVELOP !IR CREATIVE ABILITIES4  

,AT PRES5T1 H[EV]1 IT IS JU/ ! O!R WAY4 ,! WORK] FEELS1 SEES1 & REVISES AT EV]Y /EP ?AT SPECIALI/S & 7:AT IS WORSE7 UNTRA9$ ILLIT]ATE PSEUDO-SPECIALI/S1 & UNPRACTICAL M5 ?R[ \T ! WORK] & FILL UP ALL ! HI< ADM9I/RATIVE PO/S ( \R 9DU/RIAL & ECONOMIC 9/ITUTIONS4 ,& ! ,P>TY1 9/EAD ( PUTT+ ! BRAKES ON ?IS T5D5CY FROM ! ELEM5TS :I* >E ALTOGE!R =EIGN TO ! WORK+ CLASS & ,COMMUNISM1 5C\RAGES IT4 ,! ,P>TY SEEKS SALVATION FROM ! 9DU/RIAL *AOS1 NOT 9 ! WORK]S BUT 9 !SE V]Y ELEM5TS4 ,NOT 9 ! WORK]S1 NOT 9 !IR UNION ORGANIZATIONS DOES ! ,P>TY REPOSE ITS TRU/1 BUT 9 !SE ELEM5TS4 ,! WORK+ MASSES FEEL IT & 9/EAD ( UNANIMITY & UNITY 9 ! ,P>TY1 !RE APPE>S A BREAK4  

,! MASSES >E NOT BL9D4 ,:ATEV] WORDS ! MO/ POPUL> LEAD]S MI<T USE 9 ORD] TO CONCEAL !IR DEVIATION FROM A CLE>-CUT CLASS POLICY1 :ATEV] ! COMPROMISES MADE ) ! PEASANTS & WORLD ,CAPITALISM1 & :ATEV] ! TRU/ ?AT ! LEAD]S PLACE 9 ! DISCIPLES ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM ( PRODUCTION1 ! WORK+ MASSES FEEL :]E ! DIGRESSION BEG9S4 ,! WORK]S MAY *]I% AN >D5T AFFECTION & LOVE = SU* P]SONALITIES AS ,L594 ,!Y MAY BE FASC9AT$ BY ! 9COMP>ABLE FL[]Y ELOQU5CE ( ,TROTSKY & HIS ORGANIZ+ ABILITIES4 ,!Y MAY REV]E A NUMB] ( O!R LEAD]S - AS LEAD]S4 ,BUT :5 ! MASSES FEEL ?AT !Y & !IR CLASS >E NOT TRU/$1 IT IS QUITE NATURAL ?AT !Y SAY 3 ,NO1 HALT6 ,WE REFUSE TO FOLL[ Y\ BL9DLY6 ,LET US EXAM9E ! SITUATION4 ,Y\R POLICY ( PICK+ \T ! MIDDLE GR\ND BETWE5 ?REE SOCIALLY OPPOS$ GR\PS IS A WISE ONE 9DE$1 BUT IT SMACKS ( ! WELL-TRI$ & FAMILI> ADAPTATION & OPPORTUNISM4 ,TODAY WE MAY GA9 SOME?+ ) ! HELP ( Y\R SOB] POLICY1 BUT LET US BEW>E LE/ WE F9D \RSELVES ON A WRONG ROAD ?AT1 ?R\< ZIGZAGS & TURNS1 WILL LEAD FROM ! FUTURE TO ! DEBRIS ( ! PA/4 ,DI/RU/ ( ! WORK]S BY ! LEAD]S IS /EADILY GR[+4 ,! MORE SOB] !SE LEAD]S GET1 ! MORE CLEV] /ATESM5 !Y BECOME ) !IR POLICY ( SLID+ OV] ! BLADE ( A %>P KNIFE BETWE5 ,COMMUNISM & COMPROMISE ) ! B\RGEOIS PA/1 ! DEEP] BECOMES ! ABYSS BETWE5 ! 'UPS' & 'D[NS' ! LESS UND]/&+ !RE IS1 & ! MORE PA9FUL & 9EVITABLE BECOMES ! CRISES )9 ! ,P>TY ITSELF4 ,! ?IRD REASON 5HANC+ ! CRISIS 9 ! ,P>TY IS ?AT1 9 FACT DUR+ !SE ?REE YE>S ( ! REVOLUTION1 ! ECONOMIC SITUATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 ( ?OSE :O WORK 9 FACTORIES & MILLS1 HAS NOT ONLY NOT BE5 IMPROV$1 BUT HAS BECOME MORE UNBE>ABLE4 ,?IS NOBODY D>ES TO D5Y4 ,! SUPPRESS$ & WIDELY-SPREAD DISSATISFACTION AMONG WORK]S 7WORK]S1 M9D Y\7 HAS A REAL JU/IFICATION4  
#f4 ,:O HAS ,GA9$ ,FROM ,! ,REVOLUTION8  

,ONLY ! PEASANTS GA9$ DIRECTLY BY ! REVOLUTION4 ,AS F> AS ! MIDDLE CLASSES >E CONC]N$1 !Y V]Y CLEV]LY ADAPT$ !MSELVES TO ! NEW CONDITIONS1 TOGE!R ) ! REPRES5TATIVES ( ! RI* B\RGEOISIE :O HAD OCCUPI$ ALL ! RESPONSIBLE & DIRECT+ POSITIONS 9 ! ,SOVIET 9/ITUTIONS 7P>TICUL>LY 9 ! SPH]E ( DIRECT+ ,/ATE ECONOMY1 9 ! 9DU/RY ORGANIZATIONS & ! REE/ABLI%M5T ( COMM]CIAL RELATIONS ) =EIGN NATIONS74 ,ONLY ! BASIC CLASS ( ! ,SOVIET ,REPUBLIC1 :I* BORE ALL ! BURD5S ( ! DICTATOR%IP AS A MASS1 EKES \T A %AMEFULLY PITIFUL EXI/5CE4  

,! ,WORK]S' ,REPUBLIC CONTROLL$ BY ! ,COMMUNI/S1 BY ! VANGU>D ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 :I*1 TO QUOTE ,L591 HAS ABSORB$ ALL ! REVOLUTION>Y 5]GY ( ! CLASS'1 HAS NOT HAD TIME 5\< TO POND] OV] & IMPROVE ! CONDITIONS ( ALL ! WORK]S 7?OSE NOT 9 9DIVIDUAL E/ABLI%M5TS :I* HAPP5$ TO GA9 ! ATT5TION ( ! ,C\NCIL ( ! ,PEOPLE'S ,COMMISS>S 9 ONE OR ANO!R ( ! SO-CALL$ '%OCK 9DU/RIES'7 9 G5]AL & LIFT !IR CONDITIONS ( LIFE TO A HUMAN /&>D ( EXI/5CE4  

,! ,COMMISS>IAT ( ,LABOR IS ! MO/ /AGNANT 9/ITUTION ( ALL ! ,COMMISS>IATS4 ,9 ! :OLE ( ! ,SOVIET POLICY1 ! QUE/ION WAS NEV] S]I\SLY RAIS$ ON A NATIONAL SCALE & DISCUSS$3 :AT MU/ & CAN BE DONE 9 ! FACE ( ! UTT] COLLAPSE ( 9DU/RY AT HOME & A MO/ UNFAVORABLE 9T]NAL SITUATION TO IMPROVE ! WORK]S' CONDITIONS & PRES]VE !IR HEAL? = PRODUCTIVE LABOR 9 ! FUTURE1 & TO BETT] ! LOT ( ! WORK]S 9 ! %OPS8  

,UNTIL REC5TLY1 ,SOVIET POLICY WAS DEVOID ( ANY WORK$ \T PLAN = IMPROV+ ! LOT ( ! WORK]S & !IR CONDITIONS ( LIFE4 ,ALL ?AT WAS DONE 9 ?IS FIELD WAS DONE ALMO/ 9CID5TALLY1 OR AT R&OM1 BY LOCAL AU?ORITIES UND] ! PRESSURE OR ! MASSES !MSELVES4 ,DUR+ !SE ?REE YE>S ( CIVIL W>1 ! PROLET>IAT H]OICALLY BR\<T TO ! ALT> ( ! REVOLUTION !IR 9NUM]ABLE SACRIFICES4 ,!Y WAIT$ PATI5TLY4 ,BUT N[ ?AT ! PULSE ( LIFE 9 ! ,REPUBLIC IS AGA9 TRANSF]R$ TO ! ECONOMIC FRONT1 ! RANK & FILE WORK] CONSID]S IT UNNECESS>Y TO 'SUFF] & WAIT'4 ,:Y8 IS HE NOT ! CREATOR ( LIFE ON A ,COMMUNI/ BASIS8 ,LET US \RSELVES TAKE UP ?IS RECON/RUCTION1 = WE KN[ BETT] ?AN ! G5TLEM5 FROM ! C5T]S :]E IT HURTS US MO/4  

,! RANK & FILE WORK] IS OBS]VANT4 ,HE SEES ?AT SO F> ! PROBLEMS ( HYGI5E1 SANITATION1 IMPROV+ CONDITIONS ( LABOR 9 ! %OPS - 9 O!R WORDS1 ! BETT]M5T ( ! WORK]S' LOT HAS OCCUPI$ ! LA/ PLACE 9 \R POLICY4 ,9 \R SOLUTION TO ! H\S+ PROBLEM1 WE W5T NO FUR!R ?AN H\S+ ! WORK]S' FAMILIES 9 9CONV5I5T B\RGEOIS MANSIONS4 ,:AT IS /ILL WORSE1 SO F> WE HAVE NOT EV5 T\*$ ! PRACTICAL PROBLEM ( H\S+ 9 REG>D TO WORK]S4 ,TO \R %AME1 9 ! HE>T ( ! ,REPUBLIC1 9 ,MOSC[ ITSELF1 WORK+ PEOPLE >E /ILL LIV+ 9 FIL?Y1 OV]CR[D$ & UNHYGI5IC QU>T]S1 ONE VISIT TO :I* MAKES ONE ?9K ?AT !RE HAS BE5 NO REVOLUTION AT A#a#a4 ,WE ALL KN[ ?AT ! H\S+ PROBLEM CANNOT BE SOLV$ 9 A FEW MON?S1 EV5 YE>S1 & ?AT DUE TO \R POV]TY1 ITS SOLUTION IS FAC$ ) ! S]I\S DIFFICULTIES4 ,BUT ! FACTS ( EV]-GR[+ 9EQUALITY BETWE5 ! PRIVILEG$ GR\PS ( ! POPULATION 9 ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA & ! RANK & FILE WORK]S1 '! FRAMEWORK ( ! DICTATOR%IP'1 BRE$ & N\RI% ! DISSATISFACTION4  

,! RANK & FILE WORK] SEES H[ ! ,SOVIET (FICIAL & ! PRACTICAL MAN LIVES & H[ HE LIVES - HE ON :OM RE/S ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,HE CANNOT BUT SEE ?AT DUR+ ! REVOLUTION1 ! LIFE & HEAL? ( ! WORK]S 9 ! %OPS COMM&$ ! LEA/ ATT5TION2 ?AT :]E PRIOR TO ! REVOLUTION !RE EXI/$ MORE OR LESS BE>ABLE CONDITIONS1 !Y >E /ILL MA9TA9$ BY ! %OP COMMITTEES4 ,& :]E SU* CONDITIONS DID NOT EXI/1 :]E DAMPNESS1 F\L AIR & GASES POISON$ & DE/ROY$ ! WORK]S' HEAL?1 !SE CONDITIONS REMA9 UN*ANG$4 0,WE C\LD NOT ATT5D TO ?AT2 PRAY1 !RE WAS ! MILIT>Y FRONT40 ,& YET :5EV] IT WAS NECESS>Y TO MAKE REPAIRS 9 ANY ( ! H\SES OCCUPI$ BY ! ,SOVIET 9/ITUTIONS1 !Y W]E ABLE TO F9D BO? ! MAT]IALS & ! LABOR4 ,:AT W\LD HAPP5 IF WE TRI$ TO %ELT] \R SPECIALI/S OR PRACTICAL M5 5GAG$ 9 ! SPH]E ( COMM]CIAL TRANSACTIONS ) =EIGN CAPITALI/S 9 ?OSE HUTS 9 :I* ! MASSES ( WORK]S /ILL LIVE & LABOR8 ,!Y W\LD RAISE SU* A H[L ?AT IT W\LD BECOME NECESS>Y TO MOBILIZE ! 5TIRE H\S+ DEP>TM5T 9 ORD] TO CORRECT '! *AOTIC CONDITIONS' ?AT 9T]F]E ) ! PRODUCTIVITY ( \R SPECIALI/S4  
#g4 0,\R ,SORR[S >E NOT ,!IRS4440  

,! S]VICE ( ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION CONSI/S 9 ?AT IT 9CLUD$ ! PROBLEM ( IMPROV+ ! WORK]S' LOT 7TOGE!R ) ALL ! O!R SECOND>Y WORK]S' DEM&S7 9TO ! G5]AL ECONOMIC POLICY4 ,! PRODUCTIVITY ( LABOR CANNOT BE 9CREAS$ UNLESS ! LIFE ( ! WORK]S IS ORGANIZ$ ON A NEW ,COMMUNI/ BASIS4  

,! LESS ?AT IS UND]TAK5 & PLANN$ 7,I DO NOT SPEAK ( SOME?+ ?AT HAS BE5 C>RI$ \T7 9 ?IS SPH]E1 ! DEEP] IS ! MUTUAL DI/RU/ BETWE5 LEAD]S & WORK]S4 ,!RE IS NO UNITY1 NO S5SE ( !IR ID5TITY ( NE$S1 DEM&S & ASPIRATIONS4 ,! LEAD]S >E ONE ?+1 & WE >E SOME?+ ALTOGE!R DIFF]5T4 ,MAYBE IT IS TRUE ?AT ! LEAD]S KN[ BETT] H[ TO RULE OV] ! C\NTRY1 BUT !Y FAIL TO UND]/& \R NE$S1 \R LIFE 9 ! %OPS1 ITS REQUIREM5TS & IMM$IATE NE$S2 !Y DO NOT UND]/& & DO NOT KN[4 ,FROM ?IS REASON+ FOLL[S ! 9/9CTIVE LEAN+ T[>DS ! UNIONS1 & ! CONSEQU5T DROPP+ \T ( ! ,P>TY4 ,IT IS TRUE !Y >E A P>T ( US1 BUT AS SOON AS !Y GET 9TO ! C5T]S1 !Y LEAVE US ALTOGE!R2 !Y BEG9 TO LIVE DIFF]5TLY2 IF WE SUFF]1 :AT DO !Y C>E8 ,\R SORR[S >E NOT !IRS ANY LONG]4  

,& ! MORE \R 9DU/RY E/ABLI%M5TS & UNIONS >E DRA9$ ( !IR BE/ ELEM5TS BY ! ,P>TY 7:I* S5DS !M EI!R TO ! FRONT OR TO ! ,SOVIET 9/ITUTIONS71 ! WEAK] BECOMES ! DIRECT CONNECTION BETWE5 ! RANK & FILE WORK]S & ! DIRECT+ ,P>TY C5T]S4 ,A *ASM IS GR[+4 ,AT PRES5T1 ?IS DIVISION MANIFE/S ITSELF EV5 9 ! RANKS ( ! ,P>TY ITSELF4 ,! WORK]S1 ?R\< !IR ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION ASK3 ,:O >E WE8 ,>E WE REALLY ! PROP ( ! CLASS DICTATOR%IP8 ,OR >E WE JU/ AN OB$I5T FLOCK ?AT S]VES AS A SUPPORT = ?OSE :O1 HAV+ SEV]$ ALL TIES ) ! MASSES1 C>RY \T !IR [N POLICY & BUILD UP 9DU/RY )\T ANY REG>D TO \R OP9IONS & CREATIVE ABILITIES UND] ! RELIABLE COV] ( ! ,P>TY LABEL8  
#h4,OBJECTIVES ( ,! ,OPPOSITION  

,:ATEV] ! ,P>TY LEAD]S MI<T DO 9 ORD] TO DRIVE AWAY ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION1 ! LATT] WILL ALWAYS REMA9 ?AT GR[+ HEAL?Y CLASS =CE :I* IS DE/9$ TO 9JECT VITALIZ+ 5]GY 9TO ! REHABILITATION ( ECONOMIC LIFE AS WELL AS 9TO ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 :I* BEG9S TO FADE & B5D L[ TO ! GR\ND4  

,!RE >E ?US ?REE CAUSES :I* BR+ AB\T A CRISIS 9 \R ,P>TY 3 !RE IS FIR/ ( ALL ! OV]ALL OBJECTIVE CONDITIONS UND] :I* ,COMMUNISM 9 ,RUSSIA IS BE+ C>RI$ \T 7! CIVIL W>6 ECONOMIC BACKW>DNESS ( ! C\NTRY1 ITS UTT] 9DU/RIAL COLLAPSE AS AN AFT]MA? ( ! LONG YE>S ( W>72 ! SECOND CAUSE IS ! HET]OG5E\S COMPOSITION ( \R POPULATION SEV5 MILLION WORK]S1 ! PEASANTRY1 ! MIDDLE CLASSES1 &1 F9ALLY1 ! =M] B\RGEOISIE1 M5 ( AFFAIRS 9 ALL PR(ESSIONS1 :O ISSUANCE ! POLICY ( ,SOVIET 9/ITUTIONS & P5ETRATE 9TO ! ,P>TY2 ! ?IRD CAUSE IS ! 9ACTIVATY ( ! ,P>TY 9 ! FIELD ( IMM$IATE IMPROVEM5T ( ! WORK]S' LIFE C\PL$ ) ! 9ABILITY & WEAKNESS ( ! CORRESPOND+ ,SOVIET 9/ITUTIONS TO TAKE UP & SOLVE !SE PROBLEMS4 

,:AT !N IS IT ?AT ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION WANTS8 ,:AT IS ITS ROLE8  

,ITS ROLE CONSI/S 9 RAIS+ BE=E ! ,P>TY ALL ! P]TURB+ QUE/IONS1 & 9 GIV+ =M TO ALL ?AT H]ET(ORE WAS CAUS+ ONLY A SUBDU$ AGITATION 9 ! MASSES & L$ ! NONP>TIZAN WORK]S EV] FUR!R FROM ! ,P>TY4 ,IT CLE>LY & FE>LESSLY %\T$ TO ! LEAD]S 3 ',/OP1 LOOK & ?9K6 ,:]E DO Y\ LEAD US8 ,>E WE NOT GO+ (F ! RI<T ROAD8 ,IT WILL BE V]Y BAD = ! ,P>TY TO F9D ITSELF )\T ! F\NDATION ( ! DICTATOR%IP4 ,! ,P>TY WILL BE ON ITS [N & SO WILL ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,9 ?IS LIES ! GREATE/ DANG] TO ! REVOLUTION4' 

,! TASK ( ! ,P>TY AT ITS PRES5T CRISIS IS FE>LESSLY TO FACE ! MI/AKES & L5D ITS E> TO ! HEAL?Y CLASS CALL ( ! WIDE WORK+ MASSES4 ,?R\< ! CREATIVE P[]S ( ! RIS+ CLASS1 9 ! =M ( 9DU/RIAL UNIONS1 WE %ALL GO =W>DS T[>DS RECON/RUCTION & ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! CREATIVE =CES ( ! C\NTRY 2 T[>DS PURIFICATION ( ! ,P>TY ITSELF FROM ELEM5TS =EIGN TO IT 2 T[>DS CORRECTION ( ! ACTIVITY ( ! ,P>TY BY MEANS ( GO+ BACK TO DEMOCRACY1 FRE$OM ( OP9ION1 & CRITICISM 9SIDE ! ,P>TY4  

O ,P>T #b 3 ,! ,TRADE ,UNIONS3 ,!IR ,ROLE @& ,PROBLEMS 
#a4 ,:O %ALL BUILD ! ,COMMUNI/ ,ECONOMY8  

,9 A BASIC YET BRIEF \TL9E1 WE HAVE ALREADY EXPLA9$ :AT IT IS ?AT CAUSES ! CRISIS 9 \R ,P>TY4 ,N[ WE %ALL MAKE CLE> :AT >E ! MO/ IMPORTANT PO9TS ( ! CONTROV]SY BETWE5 ! LEAD]S ( \R ,P>TY & ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION4  

,!RE >E TWO SU* PO9TS3 FIR/LY1 ! P>T TO BE PLAY$ BY1 & ! PROBLEMS CONFRONT+1 ! TRADE UNIONS DUR+ ! RECON/RUCTION P]IOD ( ! NATIONAL ECONOMY1 C\PL$ ) ! ORGANIZATION ( PRODUCTION ON A ,COMMUNI/ BASIS1 & SECONDLY1 ! QUE/ION ( SELF-ACTIVITY ( ! MASSES4 ,?IS QUE/ION IS L9K$ ) ?AT ( BUREAUCRACY 9 ! ,P>TY & ! ,SOVIETS4  

,LET US ANSW] BO? QUE/IONS 9 TURN4 ,! P]IOD ( 'MAK+ !SES' 9 \R ,P>TY HAS ALREADY 5D$4 ,BE=E US WE F9D SIX DIFF]5T PLAT=MS1 SIX ,P>TY T5D5CIES4 ,SU* A V>IETY & SU* M9UTE V>IATIONS ( %ADES 9 ITS T5D5CIES \R ,P>TY HAS NEV] BE5 SE5 BE=E4 ,P>TY ?\<T HAS NEV] BE5 SO RI* 9 =MULAS ON ONE & ! SAME QUE/ION4 ,IT IS1 !RE=E1 OBVI\S ?AT ! QUE/ION IS A BASIC ONE1 & V]Y IMPORTANT4  

,& SU* IT IS4 ,! :OLE CONTROV]SY BOILS D[N TO ONE BASIC QUE/ION 3 ,:O %ALL BUILD ! ,COMMUNI/ ECONOMY1 & H[ %ALL IT BE BUILT8 ,?IS IS1 MOREOV]1 ! ESS5CE ( \R PROGRAM2 ?IS IS ITS HE>T4 ,?IS QUE/ION IS JU/ AS IMPORTANT AS ! QUE/ION ( SEIZURE ( POLITICAL P[] BY ! PROLET>IAT4 ,ONLY ! ,BUBN(F GR\P ( SO-CALL$ POLITICAL C5TRALI/S IS SO NE>SI<T$ AS TO UND]-E/IMATE ITS IMPORTANCE & TO SAY 0,! QUE/ION CONC]N+ TRADE UNIONS AT ! PRES5T MOM5T HAS NO IMPORTANCE :ATSOEV]1 & PRES5TS NO !ORETICAL DIFFICULTIES40  

,IT IS1 H[EV]1 QUITE NATURAL ?AT ! QUE/ION S]I\SLY AGITATES ! ,P>TY4 ,! QUE/ION IS REALLY 9 :AT DIRECTION %ALL WE TURN ! :EEL ( HI/ORY2 %ALL WE TURN IT BACK OR MOVE IT =W>D8 ,IT IS ALSO NATURAL ?AT !RE IS NOT A S+LE ,COMMUNI/ 9 ! ,P>TY :O W\LD REMA9 NON-COMMITTAL DUR+ ! DISCUSSION ( ?IS QUE/ION4 ,AS A RESULT1 WE HAVE SIX DIFF]5T GR\PS4 ,IF WE BEG91 H[EV]1 C>EFULLY TO ANALYZE ALL ! !SES ( !SE MO/ M9UTELY DIV]G5T GR\PS1 WE F9D ?AT ON ! BASIC QUE/ION - :O %ALL BUILD ! ,COMMUNI/ ECONOMY & ORGANIZE PRODUCTION ON A NEW BASIS - !RE >E ONLY TWO PO9TS ( VIEW4 ,ONE IS ?AT :I* IS EXPRESS$ & =MULAT$ 9 ! /ATEM5T ( PR9CIPLES ( ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION4 ,! O!R IS ! VIEWPO9T ?AT UNITES ALL ! RE/ ( ! GR\PS DIFF]+ ONLY 9 %ADES1 BUT ID5TICAL 9 SUB/ANCE4 ,:AT DOES ! /ATEM5T ( ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION /& =1 & H[ DOES ! LATT] UND]/& ! P>T ?AT IS TO BE PLAY$ BY ! TRADE UNIONS1 OR1 TO BE MORE EXACT1 ! 9DU/RIAL UNIONS1 AT ! PRES5T MOM5T8  

0,WE BELIEVE ?AT ! QUE/ION ( RECON/RUCTION & DEVELOPM5T ( ! PRODUCTIVE =CES ( \R C\NTRY CAN BE SOLV$ ONLY IF ! 5TIRE SY/EM ( CONTROL OV] ! PEOPLE'S ECONOMY IS *ANG$0 7FROM ,%LIAPNIK(F'S REPORT1 ,DECEMB] #c74 ,TAKE NOTICE COMRADES3 ONLY IF ! 5TIRE SY/EM ( CONTROL IF *ANG$4 ,:AT DOES ?IS MEAN8 ',! BASIS ( ! CONTROV]SY'1 ! REPORT CONT9UES1 'REVOLVES >\ND ! QUE/ION3 BY :AT MEANS DUR+ ?IS P]IOD ( TRANS=MATION CAN \R ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY C>RY \T ITS ECONOMIC POLICY - %ALL IT BE BY MEANS ( ! WORK]S ORGANIZ$ 9TO !IR CLASS UNION1 OR - OV] !IR HEADS - BY BUREAUCRATIC MEANS1 ?R\< CANONIZ$ FUNCTION>IES ( ! ,/ATE4' ,! BASIS ( ! CONTROV]SY IS1 !RE=E1 ?IS3 %ALL WE A*IEVE ,COMMUNISM ?R\< ! WORK]S OR OV] !IR HEADS1 BY ! H&S ( ,SOVIET (FICIALS8 ,& LET US1 COMRADES1 POND] :E!R IT IS POSSIBLE TO ATTA9 & BUILD A ,COMMUNI/ ECONOMY BY ! H&S & CREATIVE ABILITIES ( ! SCIONS ( ! O!R CLASS1 :O >E IMBU$ ) !IR R\T9E ( ! PA/4 ,IF WE BEG9 TO ?9K AS ,M>XI/S1 AS M5 ( SCI5CE1 WE %ALL ANSW] CATEGORICALLY & EXPLICITLY3 ',NO 6'  
#b4 ,NEW ,RELATIONS 9 ,PRODUCTION @& ,! ,MAT]IALI/ ,CONCEPTION ,( ,HI/ORY 

,! ROOT ( ! CONTROV]SY & ! CAUSE ( ! CRISIS LIES 9 ! SUPPOSITION ?AT 'PRACTICAL M5'1 TE*NICIANS1 SPECIALI/S1 & MANAG]S ( CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION CAN SUDD5LY RELEASE !MSELVES FROM ! BONDS ( !IR TRADITIONAL CONCEPTIONS ( WAYS & MEANS ( H&L+ LABOR 7:I* HAVE BE5 DEEPLY +RA9$ 9TO !IR V]Y FLE% ?R\< ! YE>S ( !IR S]VICE TO ,CAPITAL7 & ACQUIRE ! ABILITY TO CREATE NEW =MS ( PRODUCTION ( LABOR ORGANIZATION1 & ( 9C5TIVES TO WORK4 ,TO SUPPOSE ?AT ?IS IS POSSIBLE IS TO =GET ! 9CONTE/ABLE TRU? ?AT A SY/EM ( PRODUCTION CANNOT BE *ANG$ BY A FEW 9DIVIDUAL G5IUSES1 BUT ?R\< ! REQUIREM5TS ( A CLASS4  

,JU/ IMAG9E = A MOM5T ?AT DUR+ ! TRANSITORY P]IOD FROM ! FEUDAL SY/EM 7F\ND$ ON SLAVE LABOR7 TO ! SY/EM ( CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION 7) ITS ALLEG$LY FREE HIR$ LABOR 9 ! 9DU/RIES71 ! B\RGEOIS CLASS1 LACK+ AT ! TIME ! NECESS>Y EXP]I5CE 9 ! ORGANIZATION ( CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION1 HAD 9VIT$ ALL ! CLEV]1 %REWD EXP]I5C$ MANAG]S ( ! FEUDAL E/ATES :O HAD BE5 ACCU/OM$ TO DEAL ) S]VILE *ATTEL SLAVES1 & 5TRU/$ TO !M ! TASK ( ORGANIZ+ PRODUCTION ON A NEW CAPITALI/ BASIS4 ,:AT W\LD HAPP58 ,W\LD !SE SPECIALI/S 9 !IR [N SPH]E1 DEP5D+ ON ! :IP TO 9CREASE PRODUCTIVITY ( LABOR1 SUCCE$ 9 H&L+ A 'FREE'1 ?\< HUNGRY1 PROLET>IAN1 :O HAD RELEAS$ HIMSELF FROM ! CURSE ( 9VOLUNT>Y LABOR & HAD BECOME A SOLDI] OR A DAY LABOR]8 ,W\LD NOT !SE EXP]TS :OLLY DE/ROY ! NEWLY-BORN & DEVELOP+ CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION8 ,9DIVIDUAL OV]SE]S ( ! *ATTEL SLAVES1 9DIVIDUAL =M] L&LORDS & !IR MANAG]S1 W]E ABLE TO ADAPT !MSELVES TO ! NEW =M ( PRODUCTION2 BUT IT WAS NOT FROM !IR RANKS ?AT ! REAL CREATORS & BUILD]S ( ! B\RGEOIS CAPITALI/ ECONOMY W]E RECRUIT$4  

,CLASS 9/9CT :ISP]$ TO ! FIR/ [N]S ( ! CAPITALI/ E/ABLI%M5TS ?AT IT WAS BETT] TO GO SL[LY & USE COMMON S5SE 9 PLACE ( EXP]I5CE 9 ! SE>* = NEW WAYS & MEANS TO E/ABLI% RELATIONS BETWE5 CAPITAL & LABOR8 ?AN TO BORR[ ! ANTIQUAT$ USELESS ME?ODS ( EXPLOITATION ( LABOR FROM ! OLD1 \TLAW$ SY/EM4 ,CLASS 9/9CT QUITE CORRECTLY TOLD ! FIR/ CAPITALI/S DUR+ ! FIR/ P]IOD ( CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T ?AT 9 PLACE ( ! :IP ( ! OV]SE] !Y MU/ APPLY ANO!R 9C5TIVE - RIVALRY1 P]SONAL AMBITION ( WORK]S FAC+ UNEMPLOYM5T & MIS]Y4 ,& ! CAPITALI/S1 HAV+ GRASP$ ?IS NEW 9C5TIVE TO LABOR1 W]E WISE 5\< TO USE IT 9 ORD] TO PROMOTE ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! B\RGEOIS CAPITALI/ =MS ( PRODUCTION BY 9CREAS+ ! PRODUCTIVITY ( 'FREE' HIR$ LABOR TO A HI< DEGREE ( 9T5SITY4 ,FIVE C5TURIES AGO1 ! B\RGEOISIE ACT$ ALSO 9 A CAUTI\S WAY1 C>EFULLY LI/5+ TO ! DICTATES ( !IR CLASS 9/9CTS4 ,!Y RELI$ MORE ON !IR COMMON S5SE ?AN ON ! EXP]I5CE ( ! SKILL$ SPECIALI/S 9 ! SPH]E ( ORGANIZ$ PRODUCTION ON ! OLD FEUDAL E/ATES4 ,! B\RGEOISIE WAS P]FECTLY RI<T1 AS HI/ORY HAS %[N US4  

,WE POSSESS A GREAT WEAPON ?AT CAN HELP US TO F9D ! %ORTE/ ROAD TO ! VICTORY ( ! WORK+ CLASS3 DIM9I% SUFF]+ ALONG ! WAY1 & BR+ AB\T ! NEW SY/EM ( PRODUCTION - ,COMMUNISM - MORE QUICKLY4 ,?IS WEAPON IS ! MAT]IALI/IC CONCEPTION ( HI/ORY4 ,H[EV]1 9/EAD ( US+ IT1 WID5+ \R EXP]I5CE & CORRECT+ \R RESE>*ES 9 CON=MITY ) HI/ORY1 WE >E READY TO ?R[ ?IS WEAPON ASIDE & FOLL[ ! 5CUMB]$1 CIRCUIT\S ROAD ( BL9D EXP]IM5TS4  

,:ATEV] \R ECONOMIC DI/RESS HAPP5S TO BE1 WE >E NOT JU/IFI$ 9 FEEL+ SU* AN EXTREME DEGREE ( DESPAIR4 ,IT IS ONLY ! CAPITALI/ GOV]NM5TS1 /&+ ) !IR BACKS TO ! WALL ?AT NE$ FEEL DESPAIR4 ,AFT] EXHAU/+ ALL ! CREATIVE IMPULSES ( CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION1 !Y F9D NO SOLUTION TO !IR PROBLEMS4 ,AS F> AS TOIL+ ,RUSSIA IS CONC]N$1 !RE IS NO ROOM = DESPAIR3 ,S9CE ! ,OCTOB] REVOLUTION1 UNPREC$5T$ OPPORTUNITIES ( ECONOMIC CREATION HAVE OP5$ NEW1 UNHE>D-( =MS ( PRODUCTION1 ) AN IMM5SE 9CREASE 9 ! PRODUCTIVITY ( LABOR4  

,IT IS ONLY NECESS>Y NOT TO BORR[ FROM ! PA/1 BUT1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 TO GIVE COMPLETE FRE$OM TO ! CREATIVE P[]S ( ! FUTURE4 ,?IS IS :AT ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION IS DO+4 ,:O CAN BE ! BUILD] & CREATOR ( ,COMMUNI/ ECONOMY8 ?AT CLASS - & NOT ! 9DIVIDUAL G5IUSES ( ! PA/ - :I* IS ORGANICALLY B\ND ) NEWLY-DEVELOP+1 PA9FULLY-BORN =MS ( PRODUCTION ( A MORE PRODUCTIVE & P]FECT SY/EM ( ECONOMY4 ,:I* ORGAN CAN =MULATE & SOLVE ! PROBLEMS 9 ! SPH]E ( ORGANIZ+ ! NEW ECONOMY & ITS PRODUCTION - ! PURE CLASS 9DU/RIAL UNIONS1 OR ! HET]OG5E\S ,SOVIET ECONOMIC E/ABLI%M5TS8 ,! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION CONSID]S ?AT IT CAN BE DONE ONLY BY ! =M]1 ?AT IS1 BY ! WORK]S' COLLECTIVE1 & NOT BY ! FUNCTIONAL1 BUREAUCRATIC1 SOCIALLY-HET]OG5E\S COLLECTIVE ) A /RONG ADMIXTURE ( ! OLD CAPITALI/ ELEM5TS1 :OSE M9D IS CLON$ ) ! REFUSE ( CAPITALI/IC R\T9E4 0,! WORK]S' UNIONS MU/ BE DRAWN FROM ! PRES5T POSITION ( PASSIVE ASSI/ANCE TO ! ECONOMIC 9/ITUTIONS 9TO ACTIVE P>TICIPATION 9 ! MANAGEM5T ( ! 5TIRE ECONOMIC /RUCTURE0 7FROM ',!SES ( ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION'74 ,TO SEEK1 F9D & CREATE NEW & MORE P]FECT =MS ( ECONOMY1 TO F9D NEW 9C5TIVES TO ! PRODUCTIVITY ( LABOR - ALL ?IS CAN BE DONE ONLY BY ! WORK]S' COLLECTIVES ?AT >E CLOSELY B\ND ) ! NEW F>MS ( PRODUCTION4 ,ONLY !SE COLLECTIVES FROM !IR EV]YDAY EXP]I5CE1 >E CAPABLE ( DRAW+ C]TA9 CONCLUSIONS4 ,AT FIR/ GLANCE1 !SE CONCLUSIONS APPE> TO BE ONLY ( PRACTICAL IMPORTANCE1 & YET EXCE$+LY VALUABLE !ORETICAL CONCLUSIONS MAY BE DRAWN FROM !M CONC]N+ ! H&L+ ( NEW LABOR P[] 9 A WORK]S' /ATE :]E MIS]Y1 POV]TY1 UNEMPLOYM5T & COMPETITION ON ! LABOR M>KET CEASE TO BE 9C5TIVES TO WORK4 ,TO F9D A /IMULUS1 AN 9C5TIVE TO WORK - ?IS IS ! GREATE/ TASK ( ! WORK+ CLASS /&+ ON ! ?RE%OLD ( ,COMMUNISM4 ,NONE O!R1 H[EV]1 BUT ! WORK+ CLASS ITSELF 9 ! =M ( ITS CLASS COLLECTIVES1 IS ABLE TO SOLVE ?IS GREAT PROBLEM4 ,! SOLUTION TO ?IS PROBLEM1 AS PROPOS$ BY ! 9DU/RIAL UNIONS1 CONSI/S 9 GIV+ COMPLETE FRE$OM TO ! WORK]S AS REG>DS EXP]IM5T+1 CLASS TRA9+1 ADJU/+ & DISCOV]+ NEW =MS ( PRODUCTION1 AS WELL AS EXPRESS+ & DEVELOP+ !IR CREATIVE ABILITIES - ?AT IS1 TO ?AT CLASS :I* CAN ALONE BE ! CREATOR ( ,COMMUNISM4  

,?IS IS H[ ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION SEES ! SOLUTION TO ?IS DIFFICULT PROBLEM1 FROM :I* FOLL[S ! MO/ ESS5TIAL PO9T ( !IR !SES3 0ORGANIZATION ( CONTROL OV] ! SOCIAL ECONOMY IS A PR]OGATIVE ( ! ,ALL-,RUSSIAN ,CONGRESS ( ,PRODUC]S1 :O >E UNIT$ 9 ! TRADE & 9DU/RIAL UNIONS :I* ELECT ! C5TRAL BODY DIRECT+ ! :OLE ECONOMIC LIFE ( ! REPUBLIC0 7',!SES ( ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION '74 ,?IS DEM& W\LD 5SURE FRE$OM = ! MANIFE/ATION ( CREATIVE CLASS ABILITIES1 NOT RE/RICT$ & CRIPPL$ BY ! BUREAUCRATIC MA*9E :I* IS SATURAT$ ) ! SPIRIT ( R\T9E ( ! B\RGEOIS CAPITALI/ SY/EM ( PRODUCTION & CONTROL4 ,! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION RELIES ON ! CREATIVE P[]S ( ITS [N CLASS3 ! WORK]S4 ,! RE/ ( \R PROGRAM FOLL[S FROM ?IS PREMISE4  
#c4 ,:O ,WILL ,MANAGE ,PRODUCTION8  

,BUT RI<T AT ?IS PO9T !RE BEG9 ! DIFF]5CES BETWE5 ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION & ! L9E ?AT IS FOLL[$ BY ! ,P>TY LEAD]S4 ,DI/RU/ T[>DS ! WORK+ CLASS 7NOT 9 ! SPH]E ( POLITICS1 BUT 9 ! SPH]E ( ECONOMIC CREATIVE ABILITIES7 IS ! :OLE ESS5CE ( ! !SES SIGN$ BY \R ,P>TY LEAD]S4 ,!Y DO NOT BELIEVE ?AT BY ! R\< H&S ( WORK]S1 UNTRA9$ TE*NICALLY1 CAN BE CREAT$ ?OSE F\NDATIONS ( ! ECONOMIC =MS :I*1 9 ! C\RSE ( TIME1 %ALL DEVELOP 9TO A H>MONI\S SY/EM ( ,COMMUNI/ PRODUCTION4  

,TO ALL ( !M - ,L591 ,TROTSKY1 ,Z9OVIEFF1 & ,BUKH>9 - IT SEEMS ?AT PRODUCTION IS T\* A DELICATE ?+ ?AT IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO GET ALONG )\T ! ASSI/ANCE ( 'DIRECTORS'4 ,FIR/ ( ALL WE %ALL 'BR+ UP' ! WORK]S1 'TEA* !M'1 & ONLY :5 !Y HAVE GR[N UP %ALL WE REMOVE FROM !M ALL ! TEA*]S ( ! ,SUPREME ,C\NCIL ( ,NATURAL ,ECONOMY & LET ! 9DU/RIAL UNIONS TAKE CONTROL OV] PRODUCTION4 ,IT IS1 AFT] ALL1 SIGNIFICANT ?AT ALL ! !SES WRITT5 BY ! ,P>TY LEAD]S CO9CIDE 9 ONE ESS5TIAL FEATURE3 = ! PRES5T1 WE %ALL NOT GIVE CONTROL OV] PRODUCTION TO ! TRADE UNIONS2 = ! PRES5T WE %ALL WAIT4 ,IT IS D\BTLESS TRUE ?AT ,TROTSKY1 ,L591 ,Z9OVIEFF1 & ,BUKH>9 DIFF] 9 !IR REASONS AS TO :Y ! WORK]S %\LD NOT BE 5TRU/$ ) RUNN+ ! 9DU/RIES JU/ AT PRES5T4 ,BUT !Y UNANIM\SLY AGREE ?AT JU/ AT ! PRES5T TIME1 ! MANAGEM5T ( ! PRODUCTION MU/ BE C>RI$ ON OV] ! WORK]S' HEADS BY MEANS ( A BUREAUCRATIC SY/EM 9H]IT$ FROM ! PA/4 ,ON ?IS PO9T ALL ! LEAD]S ( \R ,P>TY >E 9 COMPLETE ACCORD4  

',! C5T] ( GRAVITY 9 ! WORK ( ! TRADE UNIONS AT ! PRES5T MOM5T' - ASS]T ! ,T5 9 !IR ,!SES - 0MU/ BE %IFT$ 9TO ! ECONOMIC 9DU/RIAL SPH]E4 ,! TRADE UNIONS AS CLASS ORGANIZATIONS ( WORK]S1 BUILT UP 9 CON=MITY ) !IR 9DU/RIAL FUNCTIONS1 MU/ TAKE ON ! MAJOR WORK IF ORGANIZATION ( PRODUCTION40 7'MAJOR WORK' IS A TOO 9DEF9ITE T]M4 ,IT P]MITS ( V>I\S 9T]PRETATIONS4 ,& YET IT W\LD SEEM ?AT ! PLAT=M ( ! ',T5' GIVES MORE LEEWAY = ! TRADE UNIONS 9 RUNN+ ! 9DU/RIES ?AN ,TROTSKY'S C5TRALI/IC4 ,FUR!R1 ! !SES ( ! ',T5' GO ON TO EXPLA9 :AT !Y MEAN BY 'MAJOR WORK' ( ! UNIONS4 0,! MO/ 5]GETIC P>TICIPATION 9 ! C5T]S :I* REGULATE PRODUCTION & CONTROL1 REGI/] & DI/RIBUTE LABOR P[]1 ORGANIC EX*ANGE BETWE5 CITIES & VILLAGES1 FI<T AGA9/ SABOTAGE1 & C>RY \T DECREES ON DIFF]5T COMPULSORY LABOR OBLIGATIONS1 ETC40 ,?IS IS ALL4 ,NO?+ NEW4 ,& NO?+ MORE ?AN :AT ! TRADE UNIONS HAVE ALREADY BE5 DO+4 ,?IS CANNOT SAVE \R PRODUCTION NOR HELP 9 ! SOLUTION ( ! BASIC QUE/ION - RAIS+ & DEVELOP+ ! PRODUCTIVE =CES ( \R C\NTRY4 ,9 ORD] TO MAKE CLE> ! FACT ?AT ! PROGRAM ( ! ',T5' DOES NOT GIVE TO ! TRADE UNIONS ANY ( ! DIRECT+ FUNCTIONS1 BUT ASSIGNS TO !M ONLY AN AUXILI>Y ROLE 9 ! MANAGEM5T ( PRODUCTION1 ! AU?ORS SAY3 0,9 A DEVELOP$ /AGE 7NOT AT PRES5T1 BUT AT A DEVELOP$ /AGE71 ! TRADE UNIONS 9 !IR PROCESS ( SOCIAL TRANS=MATION MU/ BECOME ORGANS ( A SOCIAL AU?ORITY4 ,!Y MU/ WORK AS SU*1 9 SUBORD9ATION TO O!R ORGANIZATIONS1 & C>RY \T ! NEW PR9CIPLES ( ORGANIZATION ( ECONOMIC LIFE4' ,BY ?IS !Y MEAN TO SAY ?AT ! TRADE UNIONS MU/ WORK 9 SUBORD9ATION TO ! ,SUPREME ,C\NCIL ( ,NATIONAL ,ECONOMY & ITS BRAN*ES4 
#d4 ,TROTSKY'S ,VIEW 

,:AT IS ! DIFF]5CE1 !N1 ) ?AT & 'JO9+ BY GR[?' :I* WAS PROPOS$ BY ,TROTSKY8 ,! DIFF]5CE IS ONLY ONE ( ME?OD4 ,! !SES ( ! ',T5' /RONGLY EMPHASIZE ! $UCATIONAL NATURE ( ! TRADE UNIONS4 ,9 !IR =MULATION ( PROBLEMS = ! TRADE UNIONS 7MA9LY 9 ! SPH]E ( ORGANIZATION1 9DU/RY & $UCATION71 \R ,P>TY LEAD]S AS CLEV] POLITICIANS SUDD5LY CONV]T !MSELVES 9TO 'TEA*]S'4  

,?IS PECULI> CONTROV]SY IS REVOLV+ NOT >\ND ! SY/EM ( MANAGEM5T 9 9DU/RY1 BUT MA9LY >\ND ! SY/EM ( BR++ UP ! MASSES4 ,9 FACT1 :5 ONE BEG9S TO TURN OV] ! PAGES ( ! /5OGRAPHIC M9UTES & SPEE*ES MADE BY \R PROM95T LEAD]S1 ONE IS A/ONI%$ BY ! UNEXPECT$ MANIFE/ATION ( !IR P$AGOGIC PROCLIVITIES4 ,EV]Y AU?OR ( ! !SES PROPOSES ! MO/ P]FECT SY/EM ( BR++ UP ! MASSES4 ,BUT ALL !SE SY/EMS ( '$UCATION' LACK PROVISIONS = FRE$OM ( EXP]IM5T1 = TRA9+ & = ! EXPRESSION ( CREATIVE ABILITIES BY ?OSE :O >E TO BE TAU<T4 ,9 ?IS RESPECT ALSO ALL \R P$AGOGUES >E BEH9D ! TIMES4  

,! TR\BLE IS ?AT ,L591 ,TROTSKY1 ,BUKH>9 & O!RS SEE ! FUNCTIONS ( ! TRADE UNIONS NOT AS ! CONTROL OV] PRODUCTION OR AS ! TAK+ OV] ( ! 9DU/RIES1 BUT M]ELY AS A S*OOL = BR++ UP ! MASSES4 ,DUR+ ! DISCUSSION IT SEEM$ TO SOME ( \R COMRADES ?AT ,TROTSKY /OOD = A GRADUAL 'ABSORPTION ( ! UNIONS BY ! /ATE' - NOT ALL ( A SUDD51 BUT GRADUALLY & ?AT HE WANT$ TO RES]VE = !M ! RI<T ( ULTIMATE CONTROL OV] PRODUCTION1 AS IT IS EXPRESS$ 9 \R PROGRAM4 ,?IS PO9T1 IT SEEM$ AT FIR/1 PUT ,TROTSKY ON A COMMON GR\ND ) ! ,OPPOSITION AT A TIME :5 ! GR\P REPRES5T$ BY ,L59 & ,Z9OVIEFF1 BE+ OPPOS$ TO ! 'ABSORPTION ( ! /ATE'1 SAW ! OBJECT ( UNION ACTIVITY & !IR PROBLEM AS 'TRA9+ = ,COMMUNISM'4 ',TRADE ,UNIONS'1 ?UND] ,TROTSKY & ,Z9OVIEFF1 '>E NECESS>Y = ! R\< WORK' 7P4 #bb ( ! REPORT1 ,DEC4 #c74 ,TROTSKY HIMSELF1 IT W\LD SEEM1 UND]/&S ! TASK SOME:AT DIFF]5TLY4 ,9 HIS OP9ION1 ! MO/ IMPORTANT WORK ( ! UNIONS CONSI/S 9 ORGANIZ+ PRODUCTION4 ,9 ?IS HE IS P]FECTLY RI<T4 ,HE IS ALSO RI<T :5 HE SAYS1 '9ASMU* AS UNIONS >E S*OOLS ( ,COMMUNISM1 !Y >E SU* S*OOLS NOT 9 C>RY+ ON G5]AL PROPAG&A 7= SU* ACTIVITY W\LD MEAN !Y W]E PLAY+ ! P>T ( CLUBS71 NOT 9 MOBILIZ+ !IR MEMB]S = MILIT>Y WORK OR COLLECT+ ! PRODUCE TAX1 BUT = ! PURPOSE ( ALL-R\ND $UCATION ( !IR MEMB]S ON ! BASIS ( !IR P>TICIPATION 9 PRODUCTION' 7,TROTSKY'S REPORT1 ,DEC4 #c74 ,ALL ?IS IS TRUE1 BUT !RE IS ONE GRAVE OMISSION3 ! UNIONS >E NOT ONLY S*OOLS = ,COMMUNISM1 BUT !Y >E ITS CREATORS AS WELL4  

,CREATIV5ESS ( ! CLASS IS BE+ LO/ SI<T (4 ,TROTSKY REPLACES IT BY ! 9ITIATIVE ( '! REAL ORGANIZ]S ( PRODUCTION'1 BY ,COMMUNI/S 9SIDE ! UNIONS 7FROM ,TROTSKY'S REPORT1 ,DEC4 #c74 ,:AT ,COMMUNI/S8 ,ACCORD+ TO ,TROTSKY1 BY ! ,COMMUNI/S APPO9T$ BY ! ,P>TY TO RESPONSIBLE ADM9I/RATIVE POSITIONS 9 ! UNIONS 7= REASONS ?AT QUITE (T5 HAVE NO?+ 9 COMMON ) CONSID]ATIONS ( 9DU/RIAL & ECONOMIC PROBLEMS ( ! UNIONS74 ,TROTSKY IS QUITE FRANK4 ,HE DOES NOT BELIEVE ?AT ! WORK]S >E READY TO CREATE ,COMMUNISM & ?R\< PA91 SUFF]+ & BLUND] /ILL SEEK TO CREATE NEW =MS ( PRODUCTION4 ,HE HAS EXPRESS$ ?IS FRANKLY & OP5LY4 ,HE HAS ALREADY C>RI$ \T HIS SY/EM ( 'CLUB $UCATION' ( ! MASSES1 ( TRA9+ !M = ! ROLE ( 'MA/]' 9 ! ,C5TRAL ,ADM9I/RATIVE ,BODY ( ,RAILWAYS ADOPT+ ALL ?OSE ME?ODS ( $UCAT+ ! MASSES :I* W]E PRACTIC$ BY \R TRADITIONAL J\RNEYM5 UPON !IR APPR5TICES4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT A BEAT+ ON ! HEAD BY A BOOT-/RET*] DOES NOT MAKE AN APPR5TICE A SUCCESSFUL %OPKEEP] AFT] HE BECOMES A 'J\RNEYMAN'4 ,& YET AS LONG AS ! BOSS-TEA*]'S /ICK HANGS OV] HIS HEAD1 HE WORKS & PRODUCES4  

,?IS1 9 ,TROTSKY'S OP9ION1 IS ! :OLE ESS5CE ( %IFT+ ! C5TRAL PO9T 'FROM POLITICS TO 9DU/RIAL PROBLEMS'4 ,TO RAISE1 EV5 TEMPOR>ILY1 PRODUCTIVITY BY EV]Y & ALL MEANS IS ! :OLE CRUX ( ! TASK4 ,! :OLE C\RSE ( TRA9+ 9 ! TRADE UNIONS MU/ BE1 9 ,TROTSKY'S OP9ION1 ALSO DIRECT$ T[>DS ?IS 5D4  
#e4 ,! ,VIEWS ( ,L591 ,Z9OVIEV @& ,BUKH>9 

,COMRADES ,L59 & ,Z9OVIEFF1 H[EV]1 DISAGREE ) HIM4 ,!Y >E '$UCATORS' ( ! MOD]N TR5D ( ?\<T'4 ,IT HAS BE5 /AT$ MANY A TIME ?AT ! TRADE UNIONS >E S*OOLS = ,COMMUNISM4 ,:AT DOES ?AT MEAN - 'S*OOLS = ,COMMUNISM'8  

,IF WE TAKE ?IS DEF9ITION S]I\SLY1 IT WILL MEAN ?AT 9 S*OOLS = ,COMMUNISM1 IT IS NECESS>Y FIR/ ( ALL TO TEA* & BR+ UP1 BUT NOT TO COMM& 7?IS ALLUSION TO ,TROTSKY'S VIEWS MEETS ) APPLAUSE74 ,FUR!R ON1 ,Z9OVIEFF ADDS3 ! TRADE UNIONS >E P]=M+ A GREAT TASK1 BO? = ! PROLET>IAN & ! ,COMMUNI/ CAUSE4 ,?IS IS ! BASIC P>T TO BE PLAY$ BY ! TRADE UNIONS4 ,AT PRES5T1 H[EV]1 WE =GET ?IS1 & ?9K ?AT WE MAY H&LE ! PROBLEM ( TRADE UNIONS TOO RECKLESSLY1 TOO R\<LY1 TOO SEV]ELY4  

,IT IS NECESS>Y TO REMEMB] ?AT !SE ORGANIZATIONS HAVE !IR [N P>TICUL> TASKS - !SE >E NOT TASKS ( COMM&+1 SUP]VIS+ OR DICTAT+1 BUT TASKS 9 :I* ALL MAY BE R$UC$ TO ONE 3 DRAW+ ( ! WORK+ MASSES 9TO ! *ANNEL ( ! ORGANIZ$ PROLET>IAN MOVEM5T4 ,?US1 TEA*] ,TROTSKY W5T TOO F> 9 HIS SY/EM ( BR++ UP ! MASSES4 ,BUT :AT DOES ,COMRADE ,Z9OVIEFF HIMSELF PROPOSE8 ,TO GIVE1 )9 ! UNIONS1 ! FIR/ LESSONS 9 ,COMMUNISM3 TO TEA* !M 7! MASSES7 ! BASIC FACTS AB\T ! PROLET>IAN MOVEM5T4 ,H[8 ,?R\< PRACTICAL EXP]I5CE1 ?R\< PRACTICAL CREATION ( ! NEW =MS ( PRODUCTION8 ,JU/ :AT ! ,OPPOSITION WANTS8 ,NOT AT ALL4 ,Z9OVIEFF-,L59'S GR\P FAVORS A SY/EM ( BR++ UP ?R\< READ+1 GIV+ MORAL PRECEPTS & GOOD1 WELL-*OS5 EXAMPLES4 ,WE HAVE #e1 ,COMMUNI/S 7AMONG :OM1 WE REGRET TO SAY1 !RE >E MANY '/RANG]S' - /RAGGL]S FROM ! O!R WORLD - TO SEV5 MILLION WORK]S4  

,ACCORD+ TO ,COMRADE ,L591 ! ,P>TY HAS DRAWN TO ITSELF '! PROLET>IAN VANGU>D'4 ,! BE/ ,COMMUNI/S1 9 COOP]ATION ) SPECIALI/S FROM ! ,SOVIET ECONOMIC 9/ITUTIONS1 >E SE>*+ H>D 9 !IR LABORATORIES = ! NEW =MS ( ,COMMUNI/ PRODUCTION4 ,!SE ,COMMUNI/S1 WORK+ AT PRES5T UND] ! C>E ( 'GOOD TEA*]S' 9 ! ,SUPREME ,C\NCIL ( ,NATIONAL ,ECONOMY OR O!R C5T]S1 !SE ,PET]S & ,JOHNS >E ! BE/ PUPILS IT IS TRUE4 ,BUT ! WORK+ MASSES 9 ! TRADE UNIONS MU/ LOOK TO !SE EXEMPL>Y ,PET]S & ,JOHNS & LE>N SOME?+ FROM !M )\T T\*+ ) !IR [N H&S ! RUDD] ( CONTROL1 = IT IS 'TOO E>LY AS YET'4 ,!Y HAVE 'NOT YET LE>N$ 5\<'4  

,9 ,L59'S OP9ION ! TRADE UNIONS - ?AT IS1 ! WORK+ CLASS ORGANIZATIONS - >E NOT ! CREATORS ( ! ,COMMUNI/ =MS ( PEOPLE'S ECONOMY1 = !Y S]VE ONLY AS A CONNECT+-L9K BETWE5 ! VANGU>D & ! MASSES3 '! TRADE UNIONS 9 !IR EV]YDAY WORK P]SUADE MASSES1 MASSES ( ?AT CLASS 444' ETC4  

,?AT IS NOT ,TROTSKY'S 'CLUB SY/EM'1 NOT A M$IEVAL SY/EM ( $UCATION4 ,?IS IS ! ,FROEBEL-,PE/ALOZZI'S ,G]MAN SY/EM F\ND$ ON /UDY+ EXAMPLES4 ,TRADE MU/ DO NO?+ VITAL 9 ! 9DU/RIES4 ,BUT !Y P]SUADE ! MASSES4 ,!Y MU/ KEEP ! MASSES ,9 T\* ) ! VANGU>D1 ) ! ,P>TY :I* 7REMEMB] ?IS67 DOES NOT ORGANIZE PRODUCTION AS A COLLECTIVE1 BUT ONLY CREATES ,SOVIET ECONOMIC 9/ITUTIONS ( A HET]OG5E\S COMPOSITION1 :]ETO IT APPO9TS ,COMMUNI/S4 ,:I* SY/EM IS BETT]8 ,?IS IS ! QUE/ION4 ,TROTSKY'S SY/EM1 :ATEV] IT MAY LACK 9 O!R RESPECTS1 IS CLE>] & !RE=E MORE REAL4 ,ON READ+ BOOKS & /UDY+ EXAMPLES TAK5 FROM D[NHE>T$ ,PET]S & ,JOHNS1 ONE CANNOT ADVANCE $UCATION TOO F>4 ,?IS MU/ BE REMEMB]$1 & REMEMB]$ WELL4  

,BUKH>9'S GR\P OCCUPIES ! MIDDLE GR\ND4 ,OR RA!R1 IT ATTEMPTS TO CO-ORD9ATE BO? SY/EMS ( UPBR++4 ,WE MU/ NOTICE1 H[EV]1 ?AT IT TOO FAILS TO RECORD ! PR9CIPLE ( 9DEP5D5T CREATIV5ESS ( ! UNIONS 9 9DU/RY4 ,9 ! OP9ION ( ,BUKH>9'S GR\P1 ! TRADE UNIONS PLAY A D\BLE ROLE 7SO IT IS PROCLAIM$ 9 !IR !SIS74 ,ON ! ONE H& IT 7OBVI\SLY '! ROLE'7 TAKES ON ITSELF ! FUNCTION ( A 'S*OOL = ,COMMUNISM'4 ,&1 ON ! O!R H&1 IT TAKES ON ! FUNCTIONS ( AN 9T]M$I>Y BETWE5 ! ,P>TY & ! MASSES 7?IS IS FROM ,L59'S GR\P74 ,IT TAKES ON1 9 O!R WORDS1 ! ROLE ( A MA*9E3 9JECT+ ! WIDE PROLET>IAN MASSES 9TO ! ACTIVE LIFE 7NOTICE1 COMRADES - '9TO ! ACTIVE LIFE' - BUT NOT 9TO ! CREATION ( A NEW =M ( ECONOMY OR 9TO A SE>* = NEW =MS ( PRODUCTION74 ,BESIDES ?AT !Y 7OBVI\SLY ! UNIONS7 9 EV] 9CREAS+ DEGREE1 MU/ BECOME ! COMPON5T P>T BO? ( ! ECONOMIC MA*9E & ( ! ,/ATE AU?ORITY4 ,?IS IS ,TROTSKY'S 'JO9+ TOGE!R'4  

,! CONTROV]SY AGA9 REVOLVES NOT >\ND ! TRADE UNION PROBLEMS BUT >\ND ! ME?ODS ( $UCAT+ ! MASSES BY MEANS ( ! UNIONS4 ,TROTSKY /&S1 OR RA!R /OOD1 = A SY/EM :I*1 ) ! HELP ( ?AT 9TRODUC$ AMONG ! RAILWAY WORK]S1 MI<T HAMM] 9TO ! ORGANIZ$ WORK]S' HEADS ! WISDOM ( ,COMMUNI/ RECON/RUCTION4 ,BY MEANS ( 'APPO9TEES'1 '%AKEUPS'1 & ALL K9DS ( MIRACUL\S MEASURES PROMULGAT$ 9 CON=MITY ) '! %OCK SY/EM'1 IT W\LD RE-MAKE ! UNIONS SO ?AT !Y MI<T JO9 ! ,SOVIET ECONOMIC 9/ITUTIONS BY GR[?1 & BECOME OB$I5T TOOLS 9 REALIZ+ ECONOMIC PLANS WORK$ \T BY ! ,SUPREME ,C\NCIL ( ,NATIONAL ,ECONOMY1 ,Z9OVIEFF & ,L59 >E 9 NO HURRY TO JO9 UP ! TRADE UNIONS TO ! ,SOVIET ECONOMIC MA*9E4 ,! UNIONS1 !Y SAY1 %ALL REMA9 UNIONS4 ,AS REG>DS PRODUCTION1 IT WILL BE RUN & MANAG$ BY M5 :OM WE *OOSE4 ,:5 ! TRADE UNIONS HAVE BR\<T UP OB$I5T & 9DU/RI\S ,PET]S & ,JOHNS1 WE WILL '9JECT' !M 9TO ! ,SOVIET ,ECONOMIC 9/ITUTIONS4 ,?US ! UNIONS WILL GRADUALLY DISAPPE>1 DISSOLVE4  

,! CREATION ( NEW =MS ( NATIONAL ECONOMY !Y 5TRU/ TO ! ,SOVIET BUREAUCRATIC 9/ITUTIONS4 ,AS TO ! UNIONS1 !Y LEAVE !M ! ROLE ( 'S*OOLS'4 ,$UCATION1 $UCATION & MORE $UCATION4 ,SU* IS ! ,L59-,Z9OVIEFF SLOGAN4 ,BUKH>91 H[EV]1 WANT$ 'TO BANK' ON RADICALISM 9 ! SY/EM ( UNION $UCATION1 &1 ( C\RSE1 HE FULLY M]IT$ ! REBUKE FROM ,L59 TOGE!R ) ! NICKNAME ( 'SIMIDICOMI/'4 ,BUKH>9 & HIS GR\P1 :ILE EMPHASIZ+ ! $UCATIONAL P>T TO BE PLAY$ BY ! UNIONS 9 ! PRES5T POLITICAL SITUATION1 /& = ! MO/ COMPLETE WORK]S' DEMOCRACY 9SIDE ! UNIONS1 = WIDE ELECTIVE P[]S TO ! UNIONS - NOT ONLY = ! ELECTIVE PR9CIPLE G5]ALLY APPLI$1 BUT = NON-CONDITIONAL ELECTION ( DELEGATES NOM9AT$ BY ! UNIONS4 ,:AT A DEMOCRACY6 ,?IS SMACK$ ( ! V]Y ,OPPOSITION ITSELF1 IF IT W]E NOT = ONE DIFF]5CE4 ,! ,WORK]S ,OPPOSITION SEES 9 ! UNIONS ! MANAG]S & CREATORS ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ECONOMY1 :]EAS ,BUKH>91 TOGE!R ) ,L59 & ,TROTSKY1 LEAVE TO !M ONLY ! ROLE ( 'S*OOLS = ,COMMUNISM' & NO MORE4 ,:Y %\LD ,BUKH>9 NOT PLAY ) ! ELECTIVE PR9CIPLE1 :5 EV]YBODY KN[S ?AT WILL DO NO GOOD OR BAD TO ! SY/EM ( RUNN+ 9DU/RY8 ,=1 AS A MATT] ( FACT1 ! CONTROL ( 9DU/RY WILL /ILL REMA9 \TSIDE ! UNIONS1 BEYOND !IR REA*1 9 ! H&S ( ! ,SOVIET 9/ITUTIONS4 ,BUKH>9 REM9DS US ( ?OSE TEA*]S :O C>RY ON $UCATION 9 CON=MITY ) ! OLD SY/EM BY MEANS ( 'BOOKS'4 ',Y\ MU/ LE>N ?AT F> & NO FUR!R'1 :ILE 5C\RAG+ 'SELF-ACTIVITY' ( ! PUPILS 444 9 ORGANIZ+ DANCES1 5T]TA9M5TS ETC4  

,9 ?IS WAY1 ! TWO SY/EMS QUITE COM=TABLY LIVE TOGE!R & SQU>E UP ) ONE ANO!R4 ,BUT :AT ! \TCOME ( ALL ?IS WILL BE1 & :AT DUTIES WILL ! PUPILS ( !SE TEA*]S ( ECLECTICS BE ABLE TO P]=M - ?AT IS A DIFF]5T QUE/ION4 ,IF ,COMRADE ,LUNA*>SKY W]E TO DISAPPROVE AT ALL ! $UCATIONAL MEET+S ( 'ECLECTIC H]ESY' LIKE ?IS1 ! POSITION ( ! ,PEOPLE'S ,COMMISS>IAT ON ,$UCATION W\LD BE PREC>I\S 9DE$4 
#f4 ,RE/RICT+ ,CREATIV5ESS 

,H[EV]1 !RE IS NO NE$ TO UND]E/IMATE ! $UCATIONAL ME?ODS ( \R LEAD+ COMRADES 9 REG>D TO ! TRADE UNIONS4 ,!Y ALL1 ,TROTSKY 9CLUD$1 REALIZE ?AT 9 ! MATT] ( $UCATION1 'SELF-ACTIVITY' ( ! MASSES IS NOT ! LEA/ FACTOR4 ,!RE=E1 !Y >E 9 SE>* ( SU* A PLAN :]E TRADE UNIONS1 )\T ANY H>M TO ! PREVAIL+ BUREAUCRATIC SY/EM ( RUNN+ ! 9DU/RY1 MAY DEVELOP !IR 9ITIATIVE & !IR ECONOMIC CREATIVE P[]S4 ,! LEA/ H>MFUL SPH]E :]E ! MASSES C\LD MANIFE/ !IR SELF-ACTIVITY AS WELL AS !IR 'P>TICIPATION 9 ACTIVE LIFE' 7ACCORD+ TO ,BUKH>97 IS ! SPH]E ( BETT]M5T ( ! WORK]S' LOT4 ,! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION PAYS A GREAT DEAL ( ATT5TION TO ?IS QUE/ION1 & YET IT KN[S ?AT ! BASIC SPH]E ( CLASS CREATION IS ! CREATION ( NEW 9DU/RIAL ECONOMIC =MS1 ( :I* ! 'BETT]M5T ( ! WORK]S' LOT IS ONLY A P>T4  

,9 ,TROTSKY & ,Z9OVIEFF'S OP9ION1 ALL PRODUCTION MU/ BE 9ITIAT$ & ADJU/$ BY ! ,SOVIET 9/ITUTIONS1 :ILE ! TRADE UNIONS >E ADVIS$ TO P]=M A RA!R RE/RICT$1 ?\< USEFUL1 WORK ( IMPROV+ ! LOT ( ! WORK]S4 ,COMRADE ,Z9OVIEFF1 = 9/ANCE1 SEES 9 DI/RIBUTION ( CLO?+ ! 'ECONOMIC ROLE' ( ! UNIONS1 & EXPLA9S3 '!RE IS NO MORE IMPORTANT PROBLEM ?AN ?AT ( ECONOMY2 TO REPAIR ONE BA?H\SE 9 ,PETROGRAD AT PRES5T IS T5 TIMES MORE IMPORTANT ?AN DELIV]+ FIVE GOOD LECTURES'4  

,:AT IS ?IS8 ,A NAIVE1 MI/AK5 VIEW8 ,OR A CONSCI\S SUB/ITUTION ( ORGANIZ+ CREATIVE TASKS 9 ! SPH]E ( PRODUCTION & DEVELOPM5T ( CREATIVE ABILITIES1 BY RE/RICT$ TASKS ( HOME ECONOMICS1 H\SEHOLD DUTIES1 ETC48 ,9 SOME:AT DIFF]5T LANGUAGE1 ! SAME ?\<T IS EXPRESS$ BY ,TROTSKY4 ,HE V]Y G5]\SLY PROPOSES TO ! TRADE UNIONS TO DEVELOP ! GREATE/ 9ITIATIVE POSSIBLE 9 ! ECONOMIC FIELD4  

,BUT :]E %ALL ?IS 9ITIATIVE EXPRESS ITSELF 9 'PUTT+ GLASS' 9 ! %OP W9D[ OR FILL+ UP A POOL 9 FRONT ( ! FACTORY 7FROM ,TROTSKY'S SPEE* AT ! ,M9]S' ,CONGRESS78 ,COMRADE ,TROTSKY1 TAKE PITY ON US6 ,= ?IS IS M]ELY ! SPH]E ( H\SE-RUNN+4 ,IF Y\ 9T5D TO R$UCE ! CREATIV5ESS ( ! UNIONS TO SU* A DEGREE1 !N ! UNIONS WILL BECOME NOT S*OOLS = ,COMMUNISM1 BUT PLACES :]E !Y TRA9 PEOPLE TO BECOME JANITORS4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT ,COMRADE ,TROTSKY ATTEMPTS TO WID5 ! SCOPE ( ! 'SELF-ACTIVITY ( ! MASSES' BY LETT+ !M P>TICIPATE NOT 9 AN 9DEP5D5T IMPROVEM5T ( ! WORK]S' LOT1 ON ! JOB 7ONLY ! '9SANE' ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION GOES ?AT F>71 BUT BY TAK+ LESSONS FROM ! ,SUPREME ,C\NCIL ( ! ,NATIONAL ,ECONOMY ON ?IS SUBJECT4  

,:5EV] A QUE/ION CONC]N+ WORK]S IS TO BE DECID$1 AS = 9/ANCE AB\T DI/RIBUTION ( FOOD OR LABOR P[]1 IT IS NECESS>Y ?AT ! TRADE UNIONS %\LD KN[ EXACTLY1 NOT 9 G5]AL \TL9E AS M]E CITIZ5S1 BUT KN[ ?OR\<LY ! :OLE CURR5T WORK ?AT IS BE+ DONE BY ! ,SUPREME ,C\NCIL ( ,NATIONAL ,ECONOMY 7SPEE* ( ,DEC4 #c74 ,! TEA*]S FROM ! ,SUPREME ,C\NCIL ( ,NATIONAL ,ECONOMY NOT ONLY =CE ! TRADE UNIONS 'TO C>RY \T' PLANS1 BUT !Y ALSO 'EXPLA9 TO !IR PUPILS !IR DECREES'4 ,?IS IS ALREADY A /EP =W>D 9 COMP>ISON ) ! SY/EM ?AT FUNCTIONS AT PRES5T ON ! RAILWAYS4 ,TO EV]Y ?9K+ WORK]1 IT IS CLE>1 H[EV]1 ?AT PUTT+ 9 GLASS1 USEFUL AS IT MAY BE1 HAS NO?+ 9 COMMON ) RUNN+ 9DU/RY1 PRODUCTIVE =CES & !IR DEVELOPM5T DO NOT F9D EXPRESSION 9 ?IS WORK4 ,! REALLY IMPORTANT QUE/ION /ILL IS3 H[ TO DEVELOP ! PRODUCTIVE =CES4 ,H[ TO BUILD SU* A /ATE ( ECONOMY BY SQU>+ ! NEW LIFE ) PRODUCTION1 & H[ TO ELIM9ATE UNPRODUCTIVE LABOR AS MU* AS POSSIBLE4 ,A ,P>TY MAY BR+ UP A ,R$ SOLDI]1 A POLITICAL WORK] OR AN EXECUTIVE WORK] TO C>RY \T ! PROJECTS ALREADY LAID \T4 ,BUT IT CANNOT DEVELOP A CREATOR ( ,COMMUNI/ ECONOMY1 = ONLY A UNION (F]S AN OPPORTUNITY = DEVELOP+ ! CREATIVE ABILITIES ALONG NEW L9ES4  

,MOREOV]1 ?IS IS NOT ! TASK ( ! ,P>TY4 ,! ,P>TY TASK IS TO CREATE ! CONDITIONS - ?AT IS1 GIVE FRE$OM TO ! WORK+ MASSES UNIT$ BY COMMON ECONOMIC 9DU/RIAL AIMS - SO ?AT WORK]S CAN BECOME WORK]-CREATORS1 F9D NEW IMPULSES = WORK1 WORK \T A NEW SY/EM TO UTILIZE LABOR P[]1 & DISCOV] H[ TO DI/RIBUTE WORK]S 9 ORD] TO RECON/RUCT SOCIETY1 & ?US TO CREATE A NEW ECONOMIC ORD] ( ?+S F\ND$ ON A ,COMMUNI/ BASIS4 ,ONLY WORK]S CAN G5]ATE 9 !IR M9DS NEW ME?ODS ( ORGANIZ+ LABOR AS WELL AS RUNN+ 9DU/RY4 
#g4 ,TE*NIQUE @& ,ORGANIZATION 

,?IS IS A SIMPLE M>XI/ TRU?1 & YET AT PRES5T ! LEAD]S ( \R ,P>TY DO NOT %>E IT ) US4 ,:Y8 ,BECAUSE !Y PLACE MORE RELIANCE ON ! BUREAUCRATIC TE*NICIANS1 DESC5DANTS ( ! PA/1 ?AN ON ! HEAL?Y ELEM5TAL CLASS-CREATIV5ESS ( ! WORK+ MASSES4 ,9 EV]Y O!R SPH]E WE MAY HESITATE AS TO :O IS TO BE 9 CONTROL - :E!R ! WORK]S' COLLECTIVE OR ! BUREAUCRATIC SPECIALI/S1 BE IT 9 ! MATT] ( $UCATION1 DEVELOPM5T ( SCI5CE1 ORGANIZATION ( ! ,>MY1 C>E ( ,PUBLIC ,HEAL?4 ,BUT !RE IS ONE PLACE1 ?AT ( ! ECONOMY1 :]E ! QUE/ION AS TO :O %ALL HAVE CONTROL IS V]Y SIMPLE & CLE> = EV]YONE :O HAS NOT =GOTT5 HI/ORY4 ,IT IS WELL KN[N TO EV]Y M>XI/ ?AT ! RECON/RUCTION ( 9DU/RY & ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! CREATIVE =MS ( A C\NTRY DEP5D ON TWO FACTORS3 ON ! DEVELOPM5T ( TE*NIQUE & ON ! EFFICI5T ORGANIZATION ( LABOR BY MEANS ( 9CREAS+ PRODUCTIVITY & F9D+ NEW 9C5TIVES TO WORK4 ,?IS HAS BE5 TRUE DUR+ EV]Y P]IOD ( TRANS=MATION FROM A L[] /AGE ( ECONOMIC DEVELOPM5T TO A HI<] ONE ?R\<\T ! HI/ORY ( HUMAN EXI/5CE4  

,9 A WORK]S' REPUBLIC ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! PRODUCTIVE =CES BY MEANS ( TE*NIQUE PLAYS A SECOND>Y ROLE 9 COMP>ISON ) ! SECOND FACTOR1 ?AT ( ! EFFICI5T ORGANIZATION ( LABOR1 & ! CREATION ( A NEW SY/EM ( ECONOMY4 ,EV5 IF ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA SUCCE$S 9 C>RY+ \T COMPLETELY ITS PROJECT ( G5]AL ELECTRIFICATION1 )\T 9TRODUC+ ANY ESS5TIAL *ANGE 9 ! SY/EM ( CONTROL & ORGANIZATION ( ! PEOPLE'S ECONOMY & PRODUCTION1 IT W\LD ONLY CAT* UP ) ! ADVANC$ CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES 9 ! MATT] ( DEVELOPM5T4 ,YET1 9 ! EFFICI5T UTILIZATION ( LABOR P[] & BUILD+ UP A NEW SY/EM ( PRODUCTION1 ,RUSSIAN LABOR F9DS ITSELF 9 EXCEPTIONALLY FAVORABLE CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,!SE GIVE H] ! OPPORTUNITY TO LEAVE F> BEH9D ALL B\RGEOIS CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES 9 ! QUE/ION ( DEVELOP+ ! PRODUCTIVE =CES4 ,UNEMPLOYM5T AS AN 9C5TIVE TO LABOR 9 SOCIALI/ ,RUSSIA HAS BE5 DONE AWAY )4 ,NEW POSSIBILITIES >E OP5 = A WORK+ CLASS ?AT HAD BE5 FRE$ FROM ! YOKE ( CAPITAL1 TO HAVE ITS [N CREATIVE SAY 9 F9D+ NEW 9C5TIVES TO LABOR & ! CREATION ( NEW =MS ( PRODUCTION :I* WILL HAVE HAD NO PREC$5T 9 ALL ( HUMAN HI/ORY4  

,:O CAN1 H[EV]1 DEVELOP ! NECESS>Y CREATIV5ESS & KE5NESS 9 ?IS SPH]E8 ,IS IT ! BUREAUCRATIC ELEM5TS1 ! HEADS ( ! ,SOVIET 9/ITUTIONS OR ! 9DU/RIAL UNIONS1 :OSE MEMB]S 9 !IR EXP]I5CE ( REGR\P+ WORK]S 9 ! %OP COME ACROSS CREATIVE1 USEFUL1 PRACTICAL ME?ODS ?AT CAN BE APPLI$ 9 ! PROCESS ( RE-ORGANIZ+ ! 5TIRE SY/EM ( ! PEOPLE'S ECONOMY8 ,! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION ASS]TS ?AT ADM9I/RATION ( ! PEOPLE'S ECONOMY IS ! TRADE UNIONS' JOB &1 !RE=E1 ?AT ! ,OPPOSITION IS MORE M>XI/ 9 ?\<T ?AN ! !ORETICALLY TRA9$ LEAD]S4  

,! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION IS NOT SO IGNORANT AS :OLLY TO UND]E/IMATE ! GREAT VALUE ( TE*NICAL PROGRESS OR ! USEFULNESS ( TE*NICALLY TRA9$ M54 ,IT DOES NOT1 !RE=E1 ?9K ?AT AFT] ELECT+ ITS [N BODY ( CONTROL OV] 9DU/RY IT MAY SAFELY DISMISS ! ,SUPREME ,C\NCIL ( ,NATIONAL ,ECONOMY1 ! C5TRAL 9DU/RIAL COMMITTEES1 ECONOMIC C5T]S1 ETC4 ,NOT AT ALL4 ,! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION ?9KS ?AT IT MU/ ASS]T ITS [N CONTROL OV] !SE TE*NICALLY VALUABLE ADM9I/RATIVE C5T]S1 GIVE !M !ORETICAL TASKS1 & USE !IR S]VICES AS ! CAPITALI/S DID :5 !Y HIR$ ! TE*NICIANS 9 ORD] TO C>RY \T !IR [N S*EMES4 ,SPECIALI/S CAN DO VALUABLE WORK 9 DEVELOP+ ! 9DU/RIES1 !Y CAN MAKE ! WORK]S' MANUAL LABOR EASI]2 !Y >E NECESS>Y1 9DISP5SABLE1 JU/ AS SCI5CE IS 9DISP5SABLE TO EV]Y RIS+ & DEVELOP+ CLASS4 ,BUT ! B\RGEOIS SPECIALI/S1 EV5 :5 ,COMMUNI/ LABELS >E PA/$ ON !M1 >E P[]LESS PHYSICALLY & TOO WEAK M5TALLY TO DEVELOP ! PRODUCTIVE =CES 9 A NON-CAPITALI/ /ATE2 TO F9D NEW ME?ODS ( LABOR ORGANIZATION & TO DEVELOP NEW 9C5TIVES = 9T5SIFICATION ( LABOR4 ,9 ?IS1 ! LA/ WORD BELONGS TO ! WORK+ CLASS - TO ! 9DU/RIAL UNIONS4 ,:5 ! RIS+ B\RGEOIS CLASS1 HAV+ REA*$ ! ?RE%OLD LEAD+ FROM M$IEVAL TO MOD]N TIMES1 5T]$ 9TO ! ECONOMIC BATTLE ) ! DECAY+ CLASS ( FEUDAL LORDS1 IT DID NOT POSSESS ANY TE*NICAL ADVANTAGES OV] ! LATT]4  

,! TRAD] - ! FIR/ CAPITALI/ - WAS COMPELL$ TO BUY GOODS FROM ?AT CRAFTSMAN OR J\RNEYMAN :O BY MEANS ( H& FILES1 KNIFE1 & PRIMITIVE SP9DLES WAS PRODUC+ GOODS' BO? = HIS 'MA/]' 7! L&LORD7 & = ! \TSIDE TRAD]1 ) :OM HE 5T]$ 9TO A 'FREE' TRADE AGREEM5T4 ,FEUDAL ECONOMY HAV+ REA*$ A CULM9AT+ PO9T 9 ITS ORGANIZATION1 CEAS$ TO GIVE ANY SURPLUS1 & !RE BEGAN A DECREASE 9 ! GR[? ( PRODUCTIVE =CES4 ,HUMANITY /OOD FACE TO FACE ) ! ALT]NATIVES ( EI!R ECONOMIC DECAY OR ( F9D+ NEW 9C5TIVES = LABOR ( CREAT+1 CONSEQU5TLY1 A NEW ECONOMIC SY/EM :I* W\LD 9CREASE PRODUCTIVITY1 WID5 ! SCOPE ( PRODUCTION1 & OP5 NEW POSSIBILITIES = ! DEVELOPM5T ( PRODUCTIVE =CES4  

,:O C\LD HAVE F\ND & EVOLV$ ! NEW ME?ODS 9 ! SPH]E ( 9DU/RIAL REORGANIZATION8 ,NONE BUT ?OSE CLASS REPRES5TATIVES :O HAD NOT BE5 B\ND BY ! R\T9E ( ! PA/1 :O UND]/OOD ?AT ! SP9DLE & CUTT] 9 ! H&S ( A *ATTEL SLAVE PRODUCE 9COMP>ABLY LESS ?AN 9 ! H&S ( SUPPOS$LY FREE HIR$ WORK]S1 BEH9D :OSE BACK /&S ! 9C5TIVE ( ECONOMIC NECESSITY4  

,?US ! RIS+ CLASS1 HAV+ F\ND :]E ! BASIC 9C5TIVE TO LABOR LAY1 BUILT ON AT A COMPLEX SY/EM GREAT 9 ITS [N WAY3 ! SY/EM ( CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION4 ,! TE*NICIANS ONLY COME TO ! AID ( CAPITALI/S MU* LAT]4 ,! BASIS WAS ! NEW SY/EM ( LABOR ORGANIZATION1 & ! NEW RELATIONS ?AT W]E E/ABLI%$ BETWE5 CAPITAL & LABOR4  

,! SAME IS TRUE AT PRES5T4 ,NO SPECIALI/ OR TE*NICIAN IMBU$ ) ! R\T9E ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM ( PRODUCTION CAN EV] 9TRODUCE ANY NEW CREATIVE MOTIVE & VITALIZ+ 9NOVATION 9TO ! YIELDS ( LABOR ORGANIZATION1 9 CREAT+ & ADJU/+ A ,COMMUNI/ ECONOMY4 ,H]E ! FUNCTION BELONGS TO ! WORK]S' COLLECTIVES4 ,! GREAT S]VICE ( ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION IS ?AT IT BR\<T UP ?IS QUE/ION ( SUPREME IMPORTANCE FRANKLY & OP5LY BE=E ! ,P>TY4  

,COMRADE ,L59 CONSID]S ?AT WE CAN PUT ?R\< A ,COMMUNI/ PLAN ON ! ECONOMIC FIELD BY MEANS ( ! ,P>TY4 ,IS IT SO8 ,FIR/ ( ALL1 LET US CONSID] H[ ! ,P>TY FUNCTIONS4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,COMRADE ,L591 0IT ATTRACTS TO ITSELF ! VANGU>D ( WORK]S0 2 !N IT SCATT]S !M OV] V>I\S ,SOVIET 9/ITUTIONS 7ONLY A P>T ( ! VANGU>D GETS BACK 9TO ! TRADE UNIONS1 :]E ! ,COMMUNI/ MEMB]S1 H[EV]1 >E DEPRIV$ ( AN OPPORTUNITY ( DIRECT+ & BUILD+ UP ! PEOPLE'S ECONOMY74 ,!SE WELL-TRA9$1 FAI?FUL1 & P]HAPS V]Y TAL5T$ ,COMMUNI/-ECONOMI/S DIS9TEGRATE & DECAY 9 ! G5]AL ECONOMIC 9/ITUTIONS4 ,9 SU* AN ATMOSPH]E1 ! 9FLU5CE ( !SE COMRADES IS WEAK5$1 M>R$1 OR 5TIRELY LO/4 ,QUITE A DIFF]5T ?+ ) ! TRADE UNIONS4 ,!RE1 ! CLASS ATMOSPH]E IS ?ICK]1 ! COMPOSITION MORE HOMOG5E\S1 ! TASKS ?AT ! COLLECTIVE IS FAC$ ) MORE CLOSELY B\ND ) ! IMM$IATE LIFE & LABOR NE$S ( ! PRODUC]S !MSELVES1 ( ! MEMB]S ( FACTORY & %OP COMMITTEES1 ( ! FACTORY MANAGEM5T & ! UNIONS' C5T]S4 ,CREATIV5ESS & ! SE>* = NEW =MS ( PRODUCTION1 = NEW 9C5TIVES TO LABOR1 9 ORD] TO 9CREASE PRODUCTIVITY1 MAY BE G5]AT$ ONLY 9 ! BOSOM IF ?IS NATURAL CLASS COLLECTIVE4 ,ONLY ! VANGU>D ( ! CLASS CAN CREATE REVOLUTION1 BUT ONLY ! :OLE CLASS CAN DEVELOP ?R\< ITS EV]YDAY EXP]I5CE ! PRACTICAL WORK ( ! BASIC CLASS COLLECTIVES4  

,:OEV] DOES NOT BELIEVE 9 ! BASIC SPIRIT ( A CLASS COLLECTIVE - & ?IS COLLECTIVE IS MO/ FULLY REPRES5T$ BY ! TRADE UNIONS - MU/ PUT A CROSS OV] ! ,COMMUNI/ RECON/RUCTION ( SOCIETY4 ,NEI!R ,KRE/9SKY OR ,PREOBRAJ5SKY1 ,L59 OR ,TROTSKY CAN 9FALLIBLY PU% TO ! =EFRONT BY MEANS ( !IR ,P>TY MA*9E ?OSE WORK]S ABLE TO F9D & PO9T \T NEW APPROA*ES TO ! NEW SY/EM ( PRODUCTION4 ,SU* WORK]S CAN BE PU%$ TO ! FRONT ONLY BY LIFE-EXP]I5CE ITSELF1 FROM ! RANKS ( ?OSE :O ACTUALLY PRODUCE & ORGANIZE PRODUCTION AT ! SAME TIME4 ,?IS CONSID]ATION1 :I* %\LD BE V]Y SIMPLE & CLE> TO EV]Y PRACTICAL MAN1 IS LO/ SI<T ( BY \R ,P>TY LEAD]S3 IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO DECREE ,COMMUNISM4 ,IT CAN BE TREAT$ ONLY 9 ! PROCESS ( PRACTICAL RESE>*1 ?R\< MI/AKES1 P]HAPS1 BUT ONLY BY ! CREATIVE P[]S ( ! WORK+ CLASS ITSELF4  
#h4 ,! ,PROGRAM ( ,! ,OPPOSITION 

,! C>D9AL PO9T ( ! CONTROV]SY ?AT IS TAK+ PLACE BETWE5 ! ,P>TY LEAD]S & ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION IS ?IS3 TO :OM WILL \R ,P>TY 5TRU/ ! BUILD+ ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ECONOMY - TO ! ,SUPREME ,C\NCIL ( ,NATIONAL ,ECONOMY ) ALL ITS BUREAUCRATIC BRAN*ES8 ,OR TO ! 9DU/RIAL UNIONS8 ,COMRADE ,TROTSKY WANTS 'TO JO9' ! TRADE UNIONS TO ! ,SUPREME ,C\NCIL ( ,PEOPLE'S ,ECONOMY1 SO ?AT1 ) ! ASSI/ANCE ( ! LATT]1 IT MI<T BE POSSIBLE TO SWALL[ UP ! =M]4 ,COMRADES ,L59 & ,Z9OVIEFF1 ON ! O!R H&1 WANT$ TO 'BR+ UP' ! MASSES TO SU* A LEVEL ( ,COMMUNI/ UND]/&+ ?AT !Y C\LD BE PA9LESSLY ABSORB$ 9TO ! SAME ,SOVIET 9/ITUTIONS4 ,BUKH>9 & ! RE/ ( ! FACTIONS EXPRESS ESS5TIALLY ! SAME VIEW4 ,V>IATIONS EXI/ ONLY 9 ! WAY !Y PUT IT 2 ! ESS5CE IS ! SAME4 ,ONLY ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION EXPRESSES SOME?+ 5TIRELY DIFF]5T1 DEF5DS ! PROLET>IAN CLASS VIEWPO9T 9 ! V]Y PROCESS ( CREATION & REALIZATION ( ITS TASKS4 

,! ADM9I/RATIVE ECONOMIC BODY 9 ! WORK]S' REPUBLIC DUR+ ! PRES5T TRANSITORY P]IOD MU/ BE 'A BODY DIRECTLY ELECT$ BY ! PRODUC]S !MSELVES4 ,ALL ! O!R ADM9I/RATIVE ECONOMIC ,SOVIET 9/ITUTIONS %\LD S]VE ONLY AS EXECUTIVE C5T]S ( ! ECONOMIC POLICY ( ! ALL-IMPORTANT ECONOMIC BODY ( ! WORK]S' REPUBLIC4 ,ALL ELSE IS GOOSE-/EPP+1 ?AT %[S DI/RU/ T[>DS ! CREATIVE ABILITIES ( ! WORK]S1 DI/RU/ :I* IS NOT COMPATIBLE ) ! PR(ESS$ IDEALS ( \R ,P>TY1 :OSE V]Y /R5G? DEP5DS ON ! P]5NIAL CREATIVE SPIRIT ( ! PROLET>IAT4 

,!RE WILL BE NO?+ SURPRIS+ IF AT ! APPROA*+ ,P>TY CONGRESS1 ! SPONSORS ( ! DIFF]5T ECONOMIC RE=MS1 ) ! S+LE EXCEPTION ( ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION1 WILL COME TO A COMMON UND]/&+ ?R\< MUTUAL COMPROMISE & CONCESSIONS1 S9CE !RE IS NO ESS5TIAL CONTROV]SY AMONG !M4  

,! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION ALONE WILL NOT & MU/ NOT COMPROMISE4 ,?IS DOES NOT1 H[EV]1 MEAN ?AT IT IS AIM+ AT A SPLIT'4 ,NOT AT ALL4 ,ITS TASK IS 5TIRELY DIFF]5T4 ,EV5 9 ! EV5T ( DEFEAT AT ! ,CONGRESS1 IT MU/ REMA9 9 ! ,P>TY1 & /EP BY /EP /UBBORNLY DEF5D ITS PO9T ( VIEW1 SAVE ! ,P>TY1 CL>IFY ITS CLASS L9ES4  

,ONCE MORE 9 BRIEF 3 :AT IS IT ?AT ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION WANTS8  

7#a7 ,TO =M A BODY FROM ! WORK]S - PRODUC]S !MSELVES - = ADM9I/]+ ! PEOPLE'S ECONOMY4  

 7#b7 ,= ?IS PURPOSE1 7I4E4 = ! TRANS=MATION ( ! UNIONS FROM ! ROLE ( PASSIVE ASSI/ANCE TO ! ECONOMIC BODIES1 TO ?AT ( ACTIVE P>TICIPATION & MANIFE/ATION ( !IR CREATIVE 9ITIATIVE7 ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION PROPOSES A S]IES ( PRELIM9>Y MEASURES AIM$ AT AN ORD]LY & GRADUAL REALIZATION ( ?IS AIM4  

 7#c7 ,TRANSF]R+ ( ! ADM9I/RATIVE FUNCTIONS ( 9DU/RY 9TO ! H&S ( ! UNION DOES NOT TAKE PLACE UNTIL ! ,ALL-,RUSSIAN ,C5TRAL ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE ( ! TRADE UNIONS HAS F\ND ! SAID UNIONS TO BE ABLE & SUFFICI5TLY PREP>$ = ! TASK4  

 7#d7 ,ALL APPO9TM5TS TO ! ADM9I/RATIVE ECONOMIC POSITIONS %ALL BE MADE ) CONS5T ( ! UNION4 ,ALL C&IDATES NOM9AT$ BY ! UNION TO BE NON-REMOVABLE4 ,ALL RESPONSIBLE (FICIALS APPO9T$ BY ! UNIONS >E RESPONSIBLE TO IT & MAY BE RECALL$ BY IT4  

 7#e7 ,9 ORD] TO C>RY \T ALL !SE PROPOSALS1 IT IS NECESS>Y TO /R5G!N ! RANK & FILE NUCLEUS 9 ! UNIONS1 & TO PREP>E FACTORY & %OP COMMITTEES = RUNN+ ! 9DU/RIES4  

 7#f7 ,BY MEANS ( CONC5TRAT+ 9 ONE BODY ! 5TIRE ADM9I/RATION ( ! PUBLIC ECONOMY 7)\T ! EXI/+ DUALISM ( ! ,SUPREME ,C\NCIL ( ,NATIONAL ,ECONOMY & ! ,ALL-,RUSSIAN ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE ( ! TRADE UNIONS7 !RE MU/ BE CREAT$ A S+L5ESS ( WILL :I* WILL MAKE IT EASY TO C>RY \T ! PLAN & PUT 'TO LIFE ! ,COMMUNI/ SY/EM ( PRODUCTION4 ,IS ?IS SYNDICALISM8 ,IS NOT ?IS1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! SAME AS :AT IS /AT$ 9 \R ,P>TY PROGRAM1 & >E NOT ! ELEM5TS ( PR9CIPLES SIGN$ BY ! RE/ ( ! COMRADES DEVIAT+ FROM IT8 

O ,P>T #c 3 ,ON ,BUREAUCRACY @& ,SELF-ACTIVITY ( ,! ,MASSES 
#a4 ,9ITIATIVE444 @& ,! ,ROOTS ( ,APA?Y  

,IS IT TO BE BUREAUCRACY OR SELF-ACTIVITY ( ! MASSES8 ,?IS IS ! SECOND PO9T ( ! CONTROV]SY BETWE5 ! LEAD]S ( \R ,P>TY & ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION4 ,! QUE/ION ( BUREAUCRACY WAS RAIS$ & ONLY SUP]FICIALLY DISCUSS$ AT ! EI<? ,SOVIET ,CONGRESS4 ,H]E91 JU/ AS 9 ! QUE/ION ON ! P>T TO BE PLAY$ BY ! TRADE UNIONS & !IR PROBLEMS1 ! DISCUSSION WAS %IFT$ TO A WRONG *ANNEL4 ,! CONTROV]SY ON ?IS QUE/ION IS MORE FUNDAM5TAL ?AN IT MI<T SEEM4  

,! ESS5CE IS ?IS3 :AT SY/EM ( ADM9I/RATION 9 A WORK]S' REPUBLIC DUR+ ! P]IOD ( CREATION ( ! ECONOMIC BASIS = ,COMMUNISM SECURES MORE FRE$OM = ! CLASS CREATIVE P[]S8 ,IS IT A BUREAUCRATIC /ATE SY/EM OR A SY/EM ( WIDE PRACTICAL SELF-ACTIVITY ( ! WORK+ MASSES8 ,! QUE/ION RELATES TO ! SY/EM ( ADM9I/RATION & ! CONTROV]SY >ISES BETWE5 TWO DIAMETRICALLY OPPOS$ PR9CIPLES3 BUREAUCRACY OR SELF-ACTIVITY4 ,& YET !Y TRY TO SQUEEZE IT 9TO ! SCOPE ( ! PROBLEM ?AT CONC]NS ITSELF ONLY ) ME?ODS ( ANIMAT+ ! ,SOVIET 9/ITUTIONS4  

,H]E WE OBS]VE ! SAME SUB/ITUTION ( ! SUBJECTS DISCUSS$ AS ! ONE ?AT OCCURR$ 9 ! DEBATES ON ! TRADE UNIONS4 ,IT IS NECESS>Y TO /ATE DEF9ITELY & CLE>LY ?AT HALF-MEASURES1 *ANGES 9 RELATIONS BETWE5 C5TRAL BODIES & LOCAL ECONOMIC ORGANIZATIONS1 & O!R SU* PETTY NON-ESS5TIAL 9NOVATIONS 7SU* AS RESPONSIBLE (FICIALS OR ! 9JECTION ( ,P>TY MEMB]S 9TO ! ,SOVIET 9/ITUTIONS1 :]E !SE ,COMMUNI/S >E SUBJECT$ TO ALL ! BAD 9FLU5CES ( ! PREVAIL+ BUREAUCRATIC SY/EM1 & DIS9TEGRATE AMONG ! ELEM5TS ( ! =M] B\RGEOIS CLASS7 WILL NOT BR+ 'DEMOCRATIZATION' OR LIFE 9TO ! ,SOVIET 9/ITUTIONS4  

,?IS IS NOT ! PO9T H[EV]4 ,EV]Y *ILD 9 ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA KN[S ?AT ! VITAL PROBLEM IS TO DRAW ! WIDE TOIL+ MASSES ( WORK]S1 PEASANTS & O!RS1 9TO ! RECON/RUCTION ( ECONOMY 9 ! PROLET>IAN /ATE1 & TO *ANGE ! CONDITIONS ( LIFE ACCORD+LY4 ,! TASK IS CLE>3 IT IS TO >\SE 9ITIATIVE & SELF-ACTIVITY 9 ! MASSES4 ,BUT :AT IS BE+ DONE TO 5C\RAGE & DEVELOP ?AT 9ITIATIVE8 ,NO?+ AT ALL4 ,QUITE ! CONTR>Y4 ,AT EV]Y MEET+ WE CALL UPON ! WORK+ M5 & WOM5 TO 'CREATE A NEW LIFE1 BUILD UP & ASSI/ ! ,SOVIET AU?ORITIES'4 ,BUT NO SOON] DO ! MASSES OR 9DIVIDUAL GR\PS ( WORK]S TAKE \R ADMONITION S]I\SLY & ATTEMPT TO APPLY IT 9 REAL LIFE ?AN SOME BUREAUCRATIC 9/ITUTION1 FEEL+ IGNOR$1 HA/ILY CUTS %ORT ! EF=TS ( ! OV]-ZEAL\S 9ITIATORS4  

,EV]Y COMRADE CAN EASILY RECALL SCORES ( 9/ANCES !N WORK]S !MSELVES ATTEMPT$ TO ORGANIZE D9+-ROOMS1 DAY NURS]IES = *ILDR51 TRANSPORTATION ( WOOD1 ETC4 ,EA* TIME A LIVELY1 IMM$IATE 9T]E/ 9 ! UND]TAK+ DI$ FROM ! R$ TAPE1 9T]M9ABLE NEGOTIATIONS ) ! V>I\S 9/ITUTIONS ?AT BR\<T NO RESULTS1 OR RESULT$ 9 REFUSALS1 NEW REQUISITIONS ETC4 ,:]EV] !RE WAS AN OPPORTUNITY UND] ! IMPETUS ( ! MASSES !MSELVES - ( ! MASSES US+ !IR [N EF=TS - TO EQUIP A D9+-ROOM1 TO /ORE A SUPPLY ( WOOD1 OR TO ORGANIZE A NURS]Y1 REFUSAL ALWAYS FOLL[$ REFUSAL FROM ! C5TRAL 9/ITUTIONS4 ,EXPLANATIONS W]E =?COM+ ?AT !RE WAS NO EQUIPM5T = ! D9+-ROOM1 LACK ( HORSES = TRANSPORT+ ! WOOD1 & ABS5CE ( AN ADEQUATE BUILD+ = ! NURS]Y4 ,H[ MU* BITT]NESS IS G5]AT$ AMONG WORK+ M5 & WOM5 :5 !Y SEE & KN[ ?AT IF !Y HAD BE5 GIV5 ! RI<T1 & AN OPPORTUNITY TO ACT1 !Y C\LD !MSELVES HAVE SE5 ! PROJECT ?R\<4 ,H[ PA9FUL IT IS TO RECEIVE A REFUSAL ( NECESS>Y MAT]IAL6 :5 SU* MAT]IAL HAD ALREADY BE5 F\ND & PROCUR$ BY ! WORK]S !MSELVES4 ,!IR 9ITIATIVE IS !RE=E SLACK5+ & ! DESIRE TO ACT IS DY+ \T4 ',IF ?AT IS ! CASE'1 PEOPLE SAY1 'LET (FICIALS !MSELVES TAKE C>E ( US'4 ,AS A RESULT1 !RE IS G5]AT$ A MO/ H>MFUL DIVISION3 WE >E ! TOIL+ PEOPLE1 !Y >E ! ,SOVIET (FICIALS1 ON :OM EV]Y?+ DEP5DS4 ,?IS IS ! :OLE TR\BLE4  
#b4 ,! ,ESS5CE ( ,BUREAUCRACY  

,MEAN:ILE1 :AT >E \R ,P>TY LEAD]S DO+8 ,DO !Y ATTEMPT TO F9D ! CAUSE ( ! EVIL8 ,DO !Y OP5LY ADMIT ?AT !IR V]Y SY/EM :I* WAS C>RI$ \T 9TO LIFE ?R\< ! ,SOVIETS1 P>ALYZES & DEAD5S ! MASSES1 ?\< IT WAS MEANT TO 5C\RAGE !IR 9ITIATIVE8 ,NO1 \R ,P>TY LEAD]S DO NO?+ ( ! K9D4 ,JU/ ! OPPOSITE4 ,9/EAD ( F9D+ MEANS TO 5C\RAGE ! MASS 9ITIATIVE :I* C\LD FIT P]FECTLY 9TO \R FLEXIBLE ,SOVIET 9/ITUTIONS1 \R ,P>TY LEAD]S ALL ( A SUDD5 APPE> 9 ! ROLE ( DEF5D]S & KNI<TS ( BUREAUCRACY4 ,H[ MANY COMRADES FOLL[ ,TROTSKY'S EXAMPLE & REPEAT ?AT 'WE SUFF]1 NOT BECAUSE WE ADOPT ! BAD SIDES ( BUREAUCRACY1 BUT BECAUSE WE HAVE FAIL$ SO F> TO LE>N ! GOOD ONES' 7',ON ONE COMMON PLAN'1 BY ,TROTSKY74  

,BUREAUCRACY IS A DIRECT NEGATION ( MASS SELF-ACTIVITY4 ,:OEV] !RE=E ACCEPTS ! PR9CIPLE ( 9VOLV+ ! MASSES 9 ACTIVE P>TICIPATION AS A BASIS = ! NEW SY/EM ( ! WORK]S' REPUBLIC1 CANNOT LOOK = GOOD OR BAD SIDES 9 BUREAUCRACY4 ,HE MU/ OP5LY & RESOLUTELY REJECT ?IS USELESS SY/EM4 ,BUREAUCRACY IS NOT A PRODUCT ( \R MIS]Y AS ,COMRADE ,Z9OVIEFF TRIES TO CONV9CE US4 ,NEI!R IS IT A REFLECTION ( BL9D SUBORD9ATION' TO SUP]IORS1 G5]AT$ BY MILIT>ISM1 AS O!RS ASS]T4 ,?IS PH5OM5ON HAS DEEP] ROOTS4 ,IT IS A BYPRODUCT ( ! SAME CAUSE ?AT EXPLA9S \R POLICY ( D\BLE-DEAL+ 9 RELATION TO ! TRADE UNIONS1 NAMELY1 ! GR[+ 9FLU5CE 9 ! ,SOVIET 9/ITUTIONS ( ELEM5TS HO/ILE 9 SPIRIT NOT ONLY TO ,COMMUNISM1 BUT ALSO TO ! ELEM5T>Y ASPIRATIONS ( ! WORK+ MASSES4 ,BUREAUCRACY IS A SC\RGE ?AT P]VADES ! V]Y M>R[ ( \R ,P>TY AS WELL AS ( ! ,SOVIET 9/ITUTIONS4 ,?IS FACT IS EMPHASIZ$ NOT ONLY BY ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION4 ,IT IS ALSO RECOGNIZ$ BY MANY ?\<TFUL COMRADES NOT BELONG+ TO ?IS GR\P4  

,RE/RICTIONS ON 9ITIATIVE >E IMPOS$1 NOT ONLY 9 REG>D TO ! ACTIVITY ( ! NONP>TY MASSES 7?IS W\LD ONLY BE A LOGICAL & REASONABLE CONDITION1 9 ! ATMOSPH]E ( ! CIVIL W>74 ,! 9ITIATIVE ( ,P>TY MEMB]S !MSELVES IS RE/RICT$4 ,EV]Y 9DEP5D5T ATTEMPT1 EV]Y NEW ?\<T ?AT PASSES ?R\< ! C5SOR%IP ( \R C5T]1 IS CONSID]$ AS 'H]ESY'1 AS A VIOLATION ( ,P>TY DISCIPL9E1 AS AN ATTEMPT TO 9FR+E ON ! PR]OGATIVES ( ! C5T]1 :I* MU/ '=ESEE' EV]Y?+ & 'DECREE' EV]Y?+ & ANY?+4 ,IF ANY?+ IS NOT DECRE$ ONE MU/ WAIT1 = ! TIME WILL COME :5 ! C5T] AT ITS LEISURE WILL DECREE4 ,ONLY !N1 & )9 %>PLY RE/RICT$ LIMITS1 WILL ONE BE ALL[$ TO EXPRESS ONE'S '9ITIATIVE'4 ,:AT W\LD HAPP5 IF SOME ( ! MEMB]S ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY - ?OSE1 = 9/ANCE1 :O >E FOND ( BIRDS - DECID$ TO =M A SOCIETY = ! PRES]VATION ( BIRDS8 ,! IDEA ITSELF SEEMS USEFUL4 ,IT DOES NOT 9 ANY WAY UND]M9E ANY '/ATE PROJECT'4 ,BUT IT ONLY SEEMS ?IS WAY4 ,ALL ( A SUDD5 !RE W\LD APPE> SOME BUREAUCRATIC 9/ITUTION :I* W\LD CLAIM ! RI<T TO MANAGE ?IS P>TICUL> UND]TAK+4 ,?AT P>TICUL> 9/ITUTION W\LD IMM$IATELY '9CORPORATE' ! SOCIETY 9TO ! ,SOVIET MA*9E1 DEAD5+1 !REBY1 ! DIRECT 9ITIATIVE4 ,& 9/EAD ( DIRECT 9ITIATIVE1 !RE W\LD APPE> A HEAP ( PAP] DECREES & REGULATIONS :I* W\LD GIVE 5\< WORK TO HUNDR$S ( O!R (FICIALS & ADD TO ! WORK ( MAILS & TRANSPORT4  

,! H>M 9 BUREAUCRACY DOES NOT ONLY LIE 9 ! R$ TAPE AS SOME COMRADES W\LD WANT US TO BELIEVE - !Y N>R[ ! :OLE CONTROV]SY TO ! SANITATION ( ,SOVIET 9/ITUTIONS'4 ,! H>M LIES 9 ! SOLUTION ( ALL PROBLEMS1 NOT BY MEANS ( AN OP5 EX*ANGE ( OP9IONS OR BY ! IMM$IATE EF=TS ( ALL CONC]N$1 BUT BY MEANS ( =MAL DECISIONS H&$ D[N FROM ! C5TRAL 9/ITUTIONS4 ,!SE DECISIONS >E >RIV$ AT EI!R BY ONE P]SON OR BY AN EXTREMELY LIMIT$ COLLECTIVE1 :]E9 ! 9T]E/$ PEOPLE >E QUITE (T5 5TIRELY ABS5T4 ,SOME ?IRD P]SON DECIDES Y\R FATE3 ?IS IS ! :OLE ESS5CE ( BUREAUCRACY4 ,9 ! FACE ( ! GR[+ SUFF]+ 9 ! WORK+ CLASS1 BR\<T AB\T BY ! CONFUSION ( ! PRES5T TRANSITORY P]IOD1 BUREAUCRACY F9DS ITSELF P>TICUL>LY WEAK & IMPOT5T4 ,MIRACLES ( 5?USIASM 9 /IMULAT+ ! PRODUCTIVE =CES & ALLEVIAT+ WORK+ CONDITIONS CAN ONLY BE P]=M$ BY ! ACTIVE 9ITIATIVE ( ! 9T]E/$ WORK]S !MSELVES1 PROVID$ IT IS NOT RE/RICT$ & REPRESS$ AT EV]Y /EP BY A HI]>*Y ( 'P]MISSIONS' & 'DECREES'4 ,M>XI/S1 & ,BOL%EVIKS 9 P>TICUL>1 HAVE BE5 /RONG & P[]FUL 9 ?AT !Y NEV] /RESS$ ! POLICY ( IMM$IATE SUCCESS ( ! MOVEM5T 7,?IS L9E1 BY ! WAY1 HAS ALWAYS BE5 FOLL[$ BY ! OPPORTUNI/S-COMPROMIS]S74 ,M>XI/S HAVE ALWAYS ATTEMPT$ TO PUT ! WORK]S 9 SU* CONDITIONS AS W\LD GIVE !M ! OPPORTUNITY TO TEMP] !IR REVOLUTION>Y WILL & TO DEVELOP !IR CREATIVE ABILITIES4 ,! WORK]S' 9ITIATIVE IS 9DISP5SABLE = US1 & YET WE DO NOT GIVE IT A *ANCE TO DEVELOP4 ,FE> ( CRITICISM & ( FRE$OM ( ?\<T1 BY COMB9+ TOGE!R ) BUREAUCRACY1 (T5 PRODUCE RIDICUL\S RESULTS4 ,!RE CAN BE NO SELF-ACTIVITY )\T FRE$OM ( ?\<T & OP9ION1 = SELF-ACTIVITY MANIFE/ ITSELF NOT ONLY 9 9ITIATIVE1 ACTION & WORK1 BUT 9 9DEP5D5T ?\< AS WELL4 ,WE GIVE NO FRE$OM TO CLASS ACTIVITY1 WE >E AFRAID ( CRITICISM1 WE HAVE CEAS$ TO RELY ON ! MASSES3 H5CE WE HAVE BUREAUCRACY ) US4 ,?AT IS :Y ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION CONSID]S ?AT BUREAUCRACY IS \R 5EMY1 \R SC\RGE1 & ! GREATE/ DANG] TO ! FUTURE EXI/5CE ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ITSELF4  
#c4 ,AGA9/ ,! ,BUREAUCRACY 9 ,! ,P>TY  

,9 ORD] TO DO AWAY ) ! BUREAUCRACY ?AT IS F9D+ ITS %ELT] 9 ! ,SOVIET 9/ITUTIONS1 WE MU/ FIR/ GET RID ( ALL BUREAUCRACY 9 ! ,P>TY ITSELF4 ,?AT IS :]E WE FACE ! IMM$IATE /RUGGLE4 ,AS SOON AS ! ,P>TY - NOT 9 !ORY BUT 9 PRACTICE - RECOGNIZ$ ! SELF-ACTIVITY ( ! MASSES AS ! BASIS ( \R ,/ATE1 ! ,SOVIET 9/ITUTIONS WILL AGA9 AUTOMATICALLY BECOME LIV+ 9/ITUTIONS1 DE/9$ TO C>RY \T ! ,COMMUNI/ PROJECT4 ,!Y WILL CEASE TO BE ! 9/ITUTIONS ( R$ TAPE & ! LABORATORIES = /ILL-BORN DECREES 9TO :I* !Y HAVE V]Y RAPIDLY DEG5]AT$4  

,:AT %ALL WE DO !N 9 ORD] TO DE/ROY BUREAUCRACY 9 ! ,P>TY & REPLACE IT BY WORK]S' DEMOCRACY8 ,FIR/ ( ALL IT IS NECESS>Y TO UND]/& ?AT \R LEAD]S >E WRONG :5 !Y SAY3 ',JU/ N[ WE AGREE TO LOOS5 ! RE9S SOME:AT1 = !RE IS NO IMM$IATE DANG] ON ! MILIT>Y FRONT1 BUT AS SOON AS WE AGA9 FEEL ! DANG] WE %ALL RETURN TO ! MILIT>Y SY/EM 9 ! ,P>TY4' ,WE MU/ REMEMB] ?AT H]OISM SAV$ ,PETROGRAD1 MORE ?AN ONCE DEF5D$ ,LUGANSK1 O!R C5T]S1 & :OLE REGIONS4 ,WAS IT ! ,R$ ,>MY ALONE ?AT PUT UP ! DEF5SE8 ,NO4 ,!RE WAS1 BESIDES1 ! H]OIC SELF-ACTIVITY & 9ITIATIVE ( ! MASSES !MSELVES4 ,EV]Y COMRADE WILL RECALL ?AT DUR+ ! MOM5TS ( SUPREME DANG]1 ! ,P>TY ALWAYS APPEAL$ TO ?IS SELF-ACTIVITY1 = IT SAW 9 IT ! %EET-AN*OR ( SALVATION4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT AT TIMES ( ?REAT5+ DANG]1 ,P>TY & CLASS DISCIPL9E MU/ BE /RICT]4 ,!RE MU/ BE MORE SELF-SACRIFICE1 EXACTITUDE 9 P]=M+ DUTIES1 ETC4 ,BUT BETWE5 !SE MANIFE/ATIONS ( CLASS SPIRIT & ! 'BL9D SUBORD9ATION' :I* IS BE+ ADVOCAT$ LATELY 9 ! ,P>TY1 !RE IS A GREAT DIFF]5CE4  

,9 ! NAME ( ,P>TY REG5]ATION & ! ELIM9ATION ( BUREAUCRACY FROM ! ,SOVIET 9/ITUTIONS1 ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION1 TOGE!R ) A GR\P ( RESPONSIBLE WORK]S 9 ,MOSC[1 DEM& COMPLETE REALIZATION ( ALL DEMOCRATIC PR9CIPLES1 NOT ONLY = ! PRES5T P]IOD ( RESPITE BUT ALSO = TIMES ( 9T]NAL & EXT]NAL T5SION4 ,?IS IS ! FIR/ & BASIC CONDITION = ! ,P>TY'S REG5]ATION1 = ITS RETURN TO ! PR9CIPLES ( ITS PROGRAM1 FROM :I* IT IS MORE & MORE DEVIAT+ 9 PRACTICE UND] ! PRESSURE ( ELEM5TS ?AT >E =EIGN TO IT4  

,! SECOND CONDITION1 ! VIGOR\S FULFILLM5T ( :I* IS 9SI/$ UPON BY ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION1 IS ! EXPULSION FROM ! ,P>TY ( ALL NON-PROLET>IAN ELEM5TS4 ,! /RONG] ! ,SOVIET AU?ORITY BECOMES1 ! GREAT] IS ! NUMB] ( MIDDLE CLASS1 & SOMETIMES EV5 OP5LY HO/ILE ELEM5TS1 JO9+ ! ,P>TY4 ,! ELIM9ATION ( !SE ELEM5TS MU/ BE COMPLETE & ?OR\<4 ,?OSE 9 *>GE ( IT MU/ TAKE 9TO ACC\NT ! FACT ?AT ! MO/ REVOLUTION>Y ELEM5TS ( NON-PROLET>IAN ORIG9 HAD JO9$ ! ,P>TY DUR+ ! FIR/ P]IOD ( ! ,OCTOB] REVOLUTION4 ,! ,P>TY MU/ BECOME A ,WORK]S' ,P>TY4 ,ONLY !N WILL IT BE ABLE VIGOR\SLY TO REPEAL ALL ! 9FLU5CES ?AT >E N[ BE+ BR\<T TO BE> ON IT BY PETTY-B\RGEOIS ELEM5TS1 PEASANTS1 OR BY ! FAI?FUL S]VANTS ( ,CAPITAL - ! SPECIALI/S4  

,! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION PROPOSES TO REGI/] ALL MEMB]S :O >E NON-WORK]S & :O JO9$ ! ,P>TY S9CE #a#i#a#i1 & TO RES]VE = !M ! RI<T TO APPEAL )9 ?REE MON?S FROM ! DECISIONS >RIV$ AT1 9 ORD] ?AT !Y MI<T JO9 ! ,P>TY AGA94  

,AT ! SAME TIME1 IT IS NECESS>Y TO E/ABLI% A 'WORK+ /ATUS' = ALL ?OSE NON-WORK+ CLASS ELEM5TS :O WILL TRY TO GET BACK 9TO ! ,P>TY1 BY PROVID+ ?AT EV]Y APPLICANT TO MEMB]%IP ( ! ,P>TY MU/ HAVE WORK$ A C]TA9 P]IOD ( TIME AT MANUAL LABOR3 UND] G5]AL WORK+ CONDITIONS1 BE=E HE BECOMES ELIGIBLE = 5ROLLM5T 9TO ! ,P>TY4  

,! ?IRD DECISIVE /EP T[>DS DEMOCRATIZATION ( ! ,P>TY IS ! ELIM9ATION ( ALL NON-WORK+ CLASS ELEM5TS FROM ADM9I/RATIVE POSITIONS4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 ! C5TRAL1 PROV9CIAL1 & C\NTY COMMITTEES ( ! ,P>TY MU/ BE SO COMPOS$ ?AT WORK]S CLOSELY ACQUA9T$ ) ! CONDITIONS ( ! WORK+ MASSES %\LD HAVE ! PREPOND]ANT MAJORITY !RE94 ,CLOSELY RELAT$ TO ?IS DEM& /&S ! FUR!R DEM& ( CONV]T+ ALL \R ,P>TY C5T]S1 BEG9N+ FROM ! ,C5TRAL ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE & 9CLUD+ ! PROV9CIAL C\NTY COMMITTEES1 FROM 9/ITUTIONS TAK+ C>E ( R\T9E1 EV]YDAY WORK1 9TO 9/ITUTIONS ( CONTROL OV] ,SOVIET POLICY4 ,WE HAVE ALREADY REM>K$ ?AT ! CRISIS 9 \R ,P>TY IS A DIRECT \TCOME ( ?REE DI/9CT CROSSCURR5TS1 CORRESPOND+ TO ! ?REE DIFF]5T SOCIAL GR\PS3 ! WORK+ CLASS1 ! PEASANTRY & MIDDLE CLASS1 & ELEM5TS ( ! =M] B\RGEOISIE - ?AT IS1 SPECIALI/S1 TE*NICIANS & M5 ( AFFAIRS4  

,PROBLEMS ( ,/ATE-WIDE IMPORTANCE COMPEL BO? ! LOCAL & C5TRAL ,SOVIET 9/ITUTIONS1 9CLUD+ EV5 ! ,C\NCIL ( ,PEOPLE'S ,COMMISS>S & ! ,ALL-,RUSSIAN ,C5TRAL ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE1 TO L5D AN E> TO1 & CON=M )1 !SE ?REE DI/9CT T5D5CIES1 REPRES5T+ ! GR\PS ?AT COMPOSE ! POPULATION ( ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA4 ,AS A RESULT1 ! CLASS L9E ( \R G5]AL POLICY IS BLURR$1 & ! NECESS>Y /ABILITY IS LO/4 ,CONSID]ATIONS ( ,/ATE 9T]E/S BEG9 TO \TWEI< ! 9T]E/S ( ! WORK]S4  

,TO HELP ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE & ,P>TY ,COMMITTEES /& FIRMLY ON ! SIDE ( \R CLASS POLICY1 TO HELP !M CALL ALL \R ,SOVIET 9/ITUTIONS TO ORD] EA* TIME ?AT A DECISION 9 ,SOVIET POLICY BECOMES NECESS>Y 7AS1 = 9/ANCE1 9 ! QUE/ION ( ! TRADE UNIONS7 IT IS NECESS>Y TO DISASSOCIATE ! PR]OGATIVES ( SU* RESPONSIBLE (FICIALS :O1 AT ONE & ! SAME TIME1 HAVE RESPONSIBLE PO/S BO? 9 ! ,SOVIET 9/ITUTIONS & 9 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY C5T]S4 ,WE MU/ REMEMB] ?AT ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA HAS NOT SO F> BE5 A SOCIALLY HOMOG5E\S UNIT4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 IT HAS REPRES5T$ A HET]OG5E\S SOCIAL CONGLOM]ATION4 ,! ,/ATE AU?ORITY IS COMPELL$ TO RECONCILE !SE1 AT TIMES MUTUALLY HO/ILE1 9T]E/S BY *OOS+ ! MIDDLE GR\ND4  

,! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( \R ,P>TY MU/ BECOME ! SUPREME DIRECT+ C5T] ( \R CLASS POLICY1 ! ORGAN ( CLASS ?\<T & CONTROL OV] ! PRACTICAL POLICY ( ! ,SOVIETS1 & ! SPIRITUAL P]SONIFICATION ( \R BASIC PROGRAM4 ,TO 5SURE ?IS1 IT IS NECESS>Y1 P>TICUL>LY 9 ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE1 TO RE/RICT MULTIPLE (FICE-HOLD+ BY ?OSE :O1 :IL/ BE+ MEMB]S ( ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE1 ALSO OCCUPY HI< PO/S 9 ! ,SOVIET GOV]NM5T4 ,= ?IS PURPOSE1 ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION PROPOSES ! =MATION ( ,P>TY C5T]S1 :I* W\LD REALLY S]VE AS ORGANS ( IDEAL CONTROL OV] ! ,SOVIET 9/ITUTIONS1 & W\LD DIRECT !IR ACTIONS ALONG CLE>-CUT CLASS L9ES4 ,TO 9CREASE ,P>TY ACTIVITY1 IT W\LD BE NECESS>Y TO IMPLEM5T EV]Y:]E ! FOLL[+ MEASURE3 AT LEA/ ONE ?IRD ( ,P>TY MEMB]S 9 !SE C5T]S %\LD BE P]MAN5TLY =BIDD5 TO ACT AS ,P>TY MEMB]S & ,SOVIET (FICIALS AT ! SAME TIME4  

,! F\R? BASIC DEM& ( ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION IS ?AT ! ,P>TY MU/ REV]SE ITS POLICY 9 RELATION TO ! ELECTIVE PR9CIPLE4 

,APPO9TM5TS >E P]MISSIBLE ONLY AS EXCEPTIONS4 ,LATELY !Y HAVE BEGUN TO PREVAIL AS A RULE4 ,APPO9TM5TS >E V]Y *>ACT]I/IC ( BUREAUCRACY1 & YET AT PRES5T !Y >E A G5]AL1 LEGALIZ$ & WELL-RECOGNIZ$ DAILY OCCURR5CE4 ,! PROC$URE ( APPO9TM5TS PRODUCES A V]Y UNHEAL?Y ATMOSPH]E 9 ! ,P>TY4 ,IT DISRUPTS ! RELATION%IP ( EQUALITY AMONG ! MEMB]S BY REW>D+ FRI5DS & PUNI%+ 5EMIES1 & BY O!R NO LESS H>MFUL PRACTICES 9 ,P>TY & ,SOVIET LIFE4 ,APPO9TM5TS LESS5 ! S5SE ( DUTY & RESPONSIBILITY TO ! MASSES 9 ! RANKS ( ?OSE APPO9T$1 = !Y >E NOT RESPONSIBLE TO ! MASSES4 ,?IS MAKES ! DIVISION BETWE5 ! LEAD]S & ! RANK & FILE MEMB]S /ILL %>P]4 ,EV]Y APPO9TEE1 AS A MATT] ( FACT1 IS BEYOND ANY CONTROL4 ,! LEAD]S >E NOT ABLE CLOSELY TO WAT* HIS ACTIVITY :ILE ! MASSES CANNOT CALL HIM TO ACC\NT & DISMISS HIM IF NECESS>Y4 ,AS A RULE EV]Y APPO9TEE IS SURR\ND$ BY AN ATMOSPH]E ( (FICIALDOM3 S]VILITY & BL9D SUBORD9ATION1 :I* 9FECTS ALL SUBORD9ATES & DISCR$ITS ! ,P>TY4 ,! PRACTICE ( APPO9TM5TS COMPLETELY REJECTS ! PR9CIPLE ( COLLECTIVE WORK4 ,IT BRE$S IRRESPONSIBILITY4  

,APPO9TM5TS BY ! LEAD]S MU/ BE DONE AWAY ) & REPLAC$ BY ! ELECTIVE PR9CIPLE AT EV]Y LEVEL ( ! ,P>TY4 ,C&IDATES %ALL BE ELIGIBLE TO OCCUPY RESPONSIBLE ADM9I/RATIVE POSITIONS ONLY :5 !Y HAVE BE5 ELECT$ BY CONF]5CES OR CONGRESSES4 ,F9ALLY1 9 ORD] TO ELIM9ATE BUREAUCRACY & MAKE ! ,P>TY MORE HEAL?Y1 IT IS NECESS>Y TO REV]T TO ! /ATE ( AFFAIRS :]E ALL ! C>D9AL QUE/IONS ( ,P>TY ACTIVITY & ,SOVIET POLICY W]E SUBMITT$ TO ! CONSID]ATION ( ! RANK & FILE1 & ONLY AFT] ?AT W]E SUP]VIS$ BY ! LEAD]S4 ,?IS WAS ! /ATE ( ?+S :5 ! ,P>TY WAS =C$ TO C>RY ON ITS WORK 9 SECRET - EV5 AS LATE AS ! TIME ( ! SIGN+ ( ! ,BRE/-,LITOVSK TREATY4  
#d4 ,DISCUSS ,! ,PROBLEMS ,OP5LY  

,AT PRES5T1 ! /ATE ( ?+S IS ALTOGE!R DIFF]5T4 ,9 SPITE ( ! WIDELY CIRCULAT$ PROMISES MADE AT ! ,ALL ,RUSSIAN ,P>TY ,CONF]5CE HELD 9 ,SEPTEMB] 7#a#i#b7 A NO LESS IMPORTANT QUE/ION ?AN ?AT ( CONCESSIONS WAS QUITE >BITR>ILY DECID$ = ! MASSES4 ,ONLY DUE TO ! %>P CONTROV]SY ?AT >OSE )9 ! ,P>TY C5T]S !MSELVES WAS ! QUE/ION ( ! TRADE UNIONS BR\<T \T 9TO ! OP51 TO BE ?RA%$ \T 9 DEBATE4  

,WIDE PUBLICITY1 FRE$OM ( OP9ION & DISCUSSION1 ! RI<T TO CRITICIZE )9 ! ,P>TY & AMONG ! MEMB]S ( ! TRADE UNIONS - SU* >E ! DECISIVE /EPS ?AT CAN PUT AN 5D TO ! PREVAIL+ SY/EM ( BUREAUCRACY4 ,FRE$OM ( CRITICISM1 RI<T ( DIFF]5T FACTIONS FREELY TO PRES5T !IR VIEWS AT ,P>TY MEET+S1 FRE$OM ( DISCUSSION - >E NO LONG] ! DEM&S ( ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION ALONE4 ,UND] ! GR[+ PRESSURE FROM ! MASSES1 A :OLE S]IES ( MEASURES ?AT W]E DEM&$ BY ! RANK & FILE LONG BE=E ! ,P>TY ,CONF]5CE >E N[ RECOGNIZ$ & (FICIALLY PROMULGAT$4 ,ONE NE$ ONLY READ ! PROPOSALS ( ! ,MOSC[ ,COMMITTEE 9 REG>D TO ,P>TY /RUCTURE TO BE PR\D ( ! GREAT 9FLU5CE ?AT IS BE+ EX]T$ ON ! ,P>TY C5T]S4 ,IF IT W]E NOT = ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION1 ! ,MOSC[ ,COMMITTEE W\LD NEV] HAVE TAK5 SU* A %>P 'TURN TO ! LEFT'4 ,H[EV]1 WE MU/ NOT OV]E/IMATE ?IS 'LEFTISM'1 = IT IS ONLY A DECL>ATION ( PR9CIPLES TO ! ,CONGRESS4 ,IT MAY HAPP51 AS IT HAS MANY A TIME ) DECISIONS ( \R ,P>TY LEAD]S DUR+ !SE YE>S1 ?AT ?IS RADICAL DECL>ATION WILL SOON BE =GOTT54 ,AS A RULE1 !SE DECISIONS >E ACCEPT$ BY \R ,P>TY C5T]S ONLY JU/ AS ! MASS IMPETUS IS FELT4 ,AS SOON AS LIFE AGA9 SW+S 9TO NORMAL *ANNELS1 ! DECISIONS >E =GOTT54  

,DID NOT ?IS HAPP5 TO ! DECISION ( ! EI<? ,CONGRESS :I* RESOLV$ TO FREE ! ,P>TY ( ALL ELEM5TS :O JO9$ IT = SELFI% MOTIVES1 & TO USE DISCRETION 9 ACCEPT+ NON-WORK+ CLASS ELEM5TS8 ,:AT HAS BECOME ( ! DECISION TAK5 BY ! ,P>TY ,CONF]5CE 9 #a#i#b1 :5 IT WAS DECID$ TO REPLACE ! PRACTICE ( APPO9TM5TS BY RECOMM5DATIONS8 ,9EQUALITY 9 ! ,P>TY /ILL P]SI/S1 9 SPITE ( REPEAT$ RESOLUTIONS PASS$ ON ?IS SUBJECT4 ,COMRADES :O D>E TO DISAGREE ) DECREES FROM ABOVE >E /ILL BE+ P]SECUT$4 ,!RE >E MANY SU* 9/ANCES4 ,IF ALL !SE V>I\S ,P>TY DECISIONS >E NOT 5=C$1 !N IT IS NECESS>Y TO ELIM9ATE ! BASIC CAUSE ?AT 9T]F]ES ) !IR 5=CEM5T4 ,WE MU/ REMOVE FROM ! ,P>TY ?OSE :O >E AFRAID ( PUBLICITY1 /RICT ACC\NTABILITY BE=E ! RANK & FILE1 & FRE$OM ( CRITICISM4  

,NON-WORK+ CLASS MEMB]S ( ! ,P>TY1 & ?OSE WORK]S :O FELL UND] !IR 9FLU5CE1 >E AFRAID ( ALL ?IS4 ,IT IS NOT 5\< TO CLEAN ! ,P>TY ( ALL NON-PROLET>IAN ELEM5TS BY REGI/RATION OR TO 9CREASE ! CONTROL 9 TIME ( 5ROLLM5T1 ETC4 ,IT IS ALSO NECESS>Y TO CREATE OPPORTUNITIES = ! WORK]S TO JO9 ! ,P>TY4 ,IT IS NECESS>Y TO SIMPLIFY ! ADMISSION ( WORK]S TO ! ,P>TY1 TO CREATE A MORE FRI5DLY ATMOSPH]E 9 ! ,P>TY ITSELF1 SO ?AT WORK]S MI<T FEEL !MSELVES AT HOME4 ,9 RESPONSIBLE ,P>TY (FICIALS !Y %\LD NOT SEE SUP]IORS BUT MORE EXP]I5C$ COMRADES1 READY TO %>E ) !M !IR KN[L$GE1 EXP]I5CE & SKILL1 & TO CONSID] S]I\SLY WORK]S' NE$S & 9T]E/S4 ,H[ MANY COMRADES1 P>TICUL>LY Y\NG WORK]S1 >E DRIV5 AWAY FROM ! ,P>TY JU/ BECAUSE WE MANIFE/ \R IMPATI5CE ) !M BY \R ASSUM$ SUP]IORITY & /RICTNESS1 9/EAD ( TEA*+ !M BR++ !M UP 9 ! SPIRIT ( ,COMMUNISM8 ,BESIDES ! SPIRIT ( BUREAUCRACY1 AN ATMOSPH]E ( (FICIALDOM F9DS A F]TILE GR\ND 9 \R ,P>TY4 ,IF !RE IS ANY COMRADE%IP 9 \R ,P>TY IT EXI/S ONLY AMONG ! RANK & FILE MEMB]S4  
#e4 ,HI/ORICAL ,NECESSITY ( ,! ,OPPOSITION  

,! TASK ( ! ,P>TY CONGRESS IS TO TAKE 9TO ACC\NT ?IS UNPLEASANT REALITY4 ,IT MU/ POND] OV] ! QUE/ION3 ,:Y IS ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION 9SI/+ ON 9TRODUC+ EQUALITY1 ON ELIM9AT+ ALL PRIVILEGES 9 ! ,P>TY1 & ON PLAC+ UND] A /RICT] RESPONSIBILITY TO ! MASSES ?OSE ADM9I/RATIVE (FICIALS :O >E ELECT$ BY !M8 ,9 ITS /RUGGLE = E/ABLI%+ DEMOCRACY 9 ! ,P>TY1 & = ! ELIM9ATION ( ALL BUREAUCRACY1 ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION ADVANCES ?REE C>D9AL DEM&S3  

7#a7 ,RETURN TO ! PR9CIPLE ( ELECTION ALL ALONG ! L9E ) ! ELIM9ATION ( ALL BUREAUCRACY1 BY MAK+ ALL RESPONSIBLE (FICIALS ANSW]ABLE TO ! MASSES4  

7#b7 ,9TRODUCE WIDE PUBLICITY )9 ! ,P>TY1 BO? CONC]N+ G5]AL QUE/IONS & :]E 9DIVIDUALS >E 9VOLV$4 ,PAY MORE ATT5TION TO ! VOICE ( ! RANK & FILE 7WIDE DISCUSSION ( ALL QUE/IONS BY ! RANK & FILE & !IR SUMM>IZ+ BY ! LEAD]S2 ADMISSION ( ANY MEMB] TO ! MEET+S ( ,P>TY C5T]S1 EXCEPT :5 ! PROBLEMS DISCUSS$ REQUIRE P>TICUL> SECRECY74 ,E/ABLI% FRE$OM ( OP9ION & EXPRESSION 7GIV+ ! RI<T NOT ONLY TO CRITICIZE FREELY DUR+ DISCUSSIONS1 BUT TO USE FUNDS = PUBLICATION ( LIT]ATURE PROPOS$ BY DIFF]5T ,P>TY FACTIONS74  

7#c7 ,MAKE ! ,P>TY MORE ( A WORK]S' ,P>TY4 ,LIMIT ! NUMB] ( ?OSE :O FILL (FICES1 BO? 9 ! ,P>TY & ! ,SOVIET 9/ITUTIONS AT ! SAME TIME4  

,A CORRECT SOLUTION TO ! QUE/ION WILL BE IF WE SUCCE$ 9 CLOSELY L9K+ ! P>TY ALONG ! :OLE L9E1 NOT ONLY ) ! ,SOVIET BODIES1 BUT ALSO ) ! TRADE UNIONS4 ,H]E1 A P]SON WORK+ 9 BO? POSITIONS NOT ONLY DOES NOT ?REAT5 A DEVIATION ( ! P>TY'S POLICY FROM ! PURITY ( ! P>TY L9E1 BUT1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 GIVES ! P>TY CLASS /ABILITY AGA9/ ! 9FLU5CE ( WORLD CAPITALISM 9 ! COM+ ]A 7?R\< TRADE AGREEM5TS & CONCESSIONS74 

,TO  CREATE SU* A ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ) 'WORK]S SPIRIT' MEANS TO CREATE SU* A ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE1 :]E REPRES5TATIVES ( ! L[] RANKS1 W$D$ TO ! MASSES1 W\LD CEASE TO PLAY ! ROLE ( 'C]EMONIAL G5]ALS' AT A M]*ANT W$D+1 & 9 FACT W\LD BE 9EXTRICABLY L9K$ ) ! BROAD NONP>TY MEMB]S ( ! WORK+ MASSES 9 TRADE UNIONS & MANAGE TO TAKE 9TO ACC\NT1 SUM UP ! SLOGANS ! MOM5T1 ! NE$S1 ! ASPIRATIONS ( ! CLASS & W\LD DIRECT ! P>TY'S POLICY ALONG ! CLASS L9E4 

,?IS LA/ DEM& IS P>TICUL>LY IMPORTANT4 ,\R ,P>TY MU/ NOT ONLY BUILD ,COMMUNISM1 BUT PREP>E & $UCATE ! MASSES = A PROLONG$ P]IOD ( /RUGGLE AGA9/ WORLD CAPITALISM1 :I* MAY TAKE ON UNEXPECT$ NEW =MS4 ,IT W\LD BE *ILDI% TO IMAG9E ?AT1 HAV+ REPELL$ ! TREASON ( ! ,:ITE ,GU>DS & ( ,IMP]IALISM ON ! MILIT>Y FRONTS1 WE WILL BE FREE FROM ! DANG] ( A NEW ATTACK FROM WORLD CAPITAL1 :I* IS /RIV+ TO SEIZE ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA BY R\NDAB\T WAYS1 TO P5ETRATE 9TO \R LIFE1 & USE ! ,SOVIET ,REPUBLIC = ITS [N 5DS4 ,?IS IS ! GREAT DANG] ?AT WE MU/ /& GU>D AGA9/4 ,& H]E9 LIES ! PROBLEM = \R ,P>TY 3 H[ TO MEET ! 5EMY WELL-PREP>$1 H[ TO RALLY ALL ! PROLET>IAN =CES >\ND CLE>-CUT CLASS ISSUES 7! O!R GR\PS ( ! POPULATION ALWAYS GRAVITATE TO CAPITALISM74 ,IT IS ! DUTY ( \R LEAD]S TO PREP>E = ?IS NEW PAGE ( \R REVOLUTION>Y HI/ORY  

,IT WILL ONLY BE POSSIBLE TO F9D CORRECT SOLUTIONS TO !SE QUE/IONS :5 WE SUCCE$ 9 UNIT+ ! ,P>TY ALL ALONG ! L9E1 NOT ONLY TOGE!R ) ! ,SOVIET 9/ITUTIONS1 BUT ) ! TRADE UNIONS AS WELL4 ,! FILL+ UP ( (FICES 9 P>TY & TRADE UNIONS NOT ONLY T5DS TO DEVIATE ,P>TY POLICY FROM CLE>-CUT CLASS L9ES BUT ALSO R5D]S ! ,P>TY SUSCEPTIBLE TO ! 9FLU5CES ( WORLD CAPITALISM DUR+ ?IS COM+ EPO*1 9FLU5CES EX]T$ ?R\< CONCESSIONS & TRADE AGREEM5TS4 ,TO MAKE ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ONE ?AT ! WORK]S FEEL IS !IR [N IS TO CREATE A ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE :]E9 REPRES5TATIVES ( ! L[] LAY]S CONNECT$ ) ! MASSES W\LD NOT M]ELY PLAY ! ROLE ( UPGRAD+ G5]ALS'1 OR A M]*ANT'S W$D+ P>T4 ,! ,COMMITTEE %\LD BE CLOSELY B\ND ) ! WIDE NONP>TY WORK+ MASSES 9 ! TRADE UNIONS4 ,IT W\LD !REBY BE 5ABL$ TO =MULATE ! SLOGANS ( ! TIME1 TO EXPRESS ! WORK]S' NE$S1 !IR ASPIRATIONS1 & TO DIRECT ! POLICY ( ! ,P>TY ALONG CLASS L9ES4 ,SU* >E ! DEM&S ( ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION4 ,SU* IS ITS HI/ORIC TASK4 ,& :ATEV] D]ISIVE REM>KS ! LEAD]S ( \R ,P>TY MAY EMPLOY1 ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION IS TODAY ! ONLY VITAL ACTIVE =CE ) :I* ! ,P>TY IS COMPELL$ TO CONT5D1 & TO :I* IT WILL HAVE TO PAY ATT5TION4  

,IS ! ,OPPOSITION NECESS>Y8 ,IS IT NECESS>Y1 ON BEHALF ( ! LIB]ATION ( ! WORK]S ?R\<\T ! WORLD FROM ! YOKE ( CAPITAL1 TO WELCOME ITS =MATION8 ,OR IS IT AN UNDESIRABLE MOVEM5T1 DETRIM5TAL TO ! FI<T+ 5]GY ( ! ,P>TY1 & DE/RUCTIVE TO ITS RANKS8 ,EV]Y COMRADE :O IS NOT PREJUDIC$ AGA9/ ! ,OPPOSITION & :O WANTS TO APPROA* ! QUE/ION ) AN OP5 M9D & TO ANALYZE IT1 EV5 IF NOT 9 ACCORDANCE ) :AT ! RECOGNIZ$ AU?ORITIES TELL HIM1 WILL SEE FROM !SE BRIEF \TL9ES ?AT ! ,OPPOSITION IS USEFUL & NECESS>Y4 ,IT IS USEFUL PRIM>ILY BECAUSE IT HAS AWAK5$ SLUMB]+ ?\<T4 ,DUR+ !SE YE>S ( ! REVOLUTION1 WE HAVE BE5 SO PREOCCUPI$ ) \R PRESS+ AFFAIRS ?AT WE HAVE CEAS$ TO APPRAISE \R ACTIONS FROM ! /&-PO9T ( PR9CIPLE & !ORY4 ,WE HAVE BE5 =GETT+ ?AT ! PROLET>IAT CAN COMMIT GRAVE MI/AKES & NOT ONLY DUR+ ! P]IOD ( ,/RUGGLE = POLITICAL P[]4 ,IT CAN TURN TO ! MORASS ( OPPORTUNISM4 ,EV5 DUR+ ! EPO* ( ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT SU* MI/AKES >E POSSIBLE1 P>TICUL>LY :5 ON ALL SIDES WE >E SURR\ND$ BY ! /ORMY WAVES ( IMP]IALISM & :5 ! ,SOVIET ,REPUBLIC IS COMPELL$ TO ACT 9 A CAPITALI/ 5VIRONM5T4 ,AT SU* TIMES1 \R LEAD]S MU/ BE NOT ONLY WISE1 7/ATESMAN-LIKE7 POLITICIANS4 ,!Y MU/ ALSO BE ABLE TO LEAD ! ,P>TY & ! :OLE WORK+ CLASS ALONG ! L9E ( CLASS CREATIV5ESS4 ,!Y MU/ PREP>E IT = A PROLONG$ /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! NEW =MS ( P5ETRATION ( ! ,SOVIET ,REPUBLIC BY ! B\RGEOIS 9FLU5CES ( WORLD CAPITALISM4 ,BE READY1 BE CLE> - BUT ALONG CLASS L9ES 2 SU* MU/ BE ! SLOGAN ( \R ,P>TY1 & N[ MORE ?AN EV] BE=E4  

,! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION HAS PUT !SE QUE/IONS ON ! ORD] ( ! DAY1 R5D]+ !REBY AN HI/ORIC S]VICE4 ,! ?\<T BEG9S TO MOVE4 ,MEMB]S BEG9 TO ANALYZE :AT HAS ALREADY BE5 DONE4 ,:]EV] !RE IS CRITICISM1 ANALYSIS1 :]EV] ?\<T MOVES & WORKS1 !RE IS LIFE1 PROGRESS1 ADVANCEM5T =W>D T[>DS ! FUTURE4 ,!RE IS NO?+ MORE FRI<TFUL & H>MFUL ?AN /]ILITY ( ?\<T & R\T9E4 ,WE HAVE BE5 RETIR+ 9TO R\T9E1 & MI<T 9ADV]T5TLY HAVE GONE (F ! DIRECT CLASS ROAD LEAD+ TO ,COMMUNISM1 IF IT W]E NOT = ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION 9JECT+ ITSELF 9TO ! SITUATION AT A TIME :5 \R 5EMIES W]E AB\T TO BUR/ 9TO JOYFUL LAU<T]4 ,AT PRES5T ?IS IS ALREADY IMPOSSIBLE4 ,! ,CONGRESS1 & ! ,P>TY1 WILL BE COMPELL$ TO CONT5D ) ! PO9T ( VIEW EXPRESS$ BY ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION4 ,!Y WILL EI!R COMPROMISE ) IT OR MAKE ESS5TIAL CONCESSIONS UND] ITS 9FLU5CE & PRESSURE4 ,! SECOND S]VICE ( ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION IS ?AT IT HAS BR\<T UP = DISCUSSION ! QUE/ION AS TO :O1 AFT] ALL1 %ALL BE CALL$ UPON TO CREATE ! NEW =MS ( ECONOMY4 ,%ALL IT BE ! TE*NICIANS & M5 ( AFFAIRS1 :O BY !IR PSY*OLOGY >E B\ND UP ) ! PA/1 TOGE!R ) ,SOVIET (FICIALS & SOME ,COMMUNI/S SCATT]$ AMONG !M1 OR %ALL IT BE WORK+ CLASS COLLECTIVES1 REPRES5T$ BY ! UNIONS8  

,! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION HAS SAID :AT HAS LONG AGO BE5 PR9T$ 9 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,MANIFE/O BY ,M>X & ,5GELS3 ! BUILD+ ( ,COMMUNISM CAN & MU/ BE ! WORK ( ! TOIL+ MASSES !MSELVES4 ,! BUILD+ ( ,COMMUNISM BELONGS TO ! WORK]S4 ,F9ALLY1 ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION HAS RAIS$ ITS VOICE AGA9/ BUREAUCRACY4 ,IT HAS D>$ TO SAY ?AT BUREAUCRACY B9DS ! W+S ( SELF-ACTIVITY & ! CREATIV5ESS ( ! WORK+ CLASS2 ?AT IT DEAD5S ?\<T1 H9D]S 9ITIATIVE & EXP]IM5T+ 9 ! SPH]E ( F9D+ NEW APPROA*ES TO PRODUCTION 2 9 A WORD ?AT IT H9D]S ! DEVELOPM5T ( NEW =MS = PRODUCTION & LIFE4 ,9/EAD ( A SY/EM ( BUREAUCRACY1 ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION PROPOSES A SY/EM ( SELF-ACTIVITY = ! MASSES4 ,9 ?IS RESPECT1 ! ,P>TY LEAD]S EV5 N[ >E MAK+ CONCESSIONS & 'RECOGNIZ+' !IR DEVIATIONS AS BE+ H>MFUL TO ,COMMUNISM & DETRIM5TAL TO WORK+ CLASS 9T]E/S 7! REJECTION ( C5TRALISM74 ,! ,T5? ,CONGRESS1 WE UND]/&1 WILL MAKE ANO!R S]IES ( CONCESSIONS TO ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION4 ,?US1 9 SPITE ( ! FACT ?AT ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION APPE>$ AS A M]E GR\P 9SIDE ! ,P>TY ONLY A FEW MON?S AGO1 IT HAS ALREADY FULFILL$ ITS MISSION4 ,IT HAS COMPELL$ ! LEAD+ ,P>TY C5T]S TO LI/5 TO ! WORK]S' S\ND ADVICE4 ,AT PRES5TS :ATEV] MI<T BE ! WRA? T[>D ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION1 IT HAS ! HI/ORICAL FUTURE TO SUPPORT IT4  

,JU/ BECAUSE WE BELIEVE 9 ! VITAL =CES ( \R ,P>TY1 WE KN[ ?AT AFT] SOME HESITATION1 RESI/ANCE & DEVI\S POLITICAL MOVES1 \R ,P>TY WILL ULTIMATELY AGA9 FOLL[ ?AT PA? :I* HAS BE5 BLAZ$ BY ! ELEM5TAL =CES ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,ORGANIZ$ AS A CLASS1 !RE WILL BE NO SPLIT4 ,IF SOME GR\PS LEAVE ! ,P>TY1 !Y WILL NOT ! ONES :O MAKE UP ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION4 ,?OSE WILL FALL \T :O ATTEMPT TO EVOLVE 9TO PR9CIPLES ! TEMPOR>Y DEVIATIONS FROM ! SPIRIT ( ! ,COMMUNI/ PROGRAM1 ?AT W]E =C$ UPON ! ,P>TY BY ! PROLONG$ CIVIL W>1 & HOLD TO !M AS IF !Y W]E ! ESS5CE ( \R POLITICAL L9E ( ACTION4  

,ALL ?OSE 9 ! ,P>TY :O HAVE BE5 ACCU/OM$ TO REFLECT ! CLASS VIEWPO9T ( ! EV]-GR[+ PROLET>IAT WILL ABSORB & DIGE/ EV]Y?+ ?AT IS :OLESOME1 PRACTICAL & S\ND 9 ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION4 ,NOT 9 VA9 WILL ! RANK-&-FILE WORK] SPEAK ) ASSURANCE & RECONCILIATION3 ',ILYI* 7,L597 WILL POND]1 HE WILL ?9K IT OV]1 HE WILL LI/5 TO US4 ,& !N HE WILL DECIDE TO TURN ! ,P>TY RUDD] T[>D ! ,OPPOSITION4 ,ILYI* WILL BE ) US YET'4 

,! SOON] ! ,P>TY LEAD]S TAKE 9TO ACC\NT ! ,OPPOSITION'S WORK & FOLL[ ! ROAD 9DICAT$ BY ! RANK-&-FILE MEMB]S1 ! QUICK] %ALL WE OV]COME ! CRISIS 9 ! ,P>TY4 ,& ! SOON] %ALL WE /EP OV] ! L9E BEYOND :I* HUMANISMS HAV+ FRE$ ITSELF FROM OBJECTIVE ECONOMIC LAWS & TAK+ ADVANTAGE ( ALL ! RI*NESS & KN[L$GE ( COMMON WORK+-CLASS EXP]I5CE1 WILL CONSCI\SLY BEG9 TO CREATE ! HUMAN HI/ORY ( ! ,COMMUNI/ EPO*4  

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,M>* #d1 #bba 3 ,! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #i1 #bbb 3 ,! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/