,! ,W> & ,\R ,IMM$IATE ,TASKS 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ALEX&RA ,KOLLONTAI 

,TEXT 3 

,FIR/ ,PUBLI%$3 ,=SV>SNIHILI/51 ,NOVEMB] #a#i#a#d2 
,S\RCE3 ,ALEX&RA ,KOLLONTAI3 ,SELECT$ ,>TICLES & ,SPEE*ES1 ,PROGRESS ,PUBLI%]S1 #a#i#h#d2 
,TRANSCRIB$3 ,SALLY ,RYAN = M>XI/S4ORG1 #b2 
,PRO($3 & CORRECT$ BY ,*RIS ,CLAYTON #b#f4 

,:5 ! WORK]S' ,9T]NATIONAL LA/ MET 9 ,BASLE 9 #aiab .<#a.> 
9 ORD] TO RAISE ITS VOICE 9 PROTE/ AGA9/ ! ?REAT ( A WORLD W>1 :I* MI<T HAVE BROK5 \T AS A RESULT ( ! EV5TS 9 ! ,BALKANS1 EV]YONE WAS FILL$ ) CONFID5T HOPE4 ,WORLD W> SEEM$ IMPOSSIBLE4 

,:ILE SOLID>ITY & ! BRO!RHOOD ( PEOPLES UNITES ! WORK]S ( EV]Y NATION1 :ILE !RE EXI/S ?AT UNITY ( OBJECTIVES ?AT M>K$ ! ,BASLE ,CONGRESS & DRAWS TOGE!R ! PROLET>IAT ( /ATES BO? L>GE & SMALL1 ! WORK+ CLASS HAS NO NE$ TO FE> ,L&SKNE*TE & ! BLOODY W>S ?AT ACCOMPANY !M4 ,!N ! OLD IMP]IALI/-CAPITALI/ WORLD W\LD NOT D>E TO PROVOKE A W>1 = %\LD W> BREAK \T1 ! 'R$ SPECT]' W\LD APPE> ON ! SC5E TO T]RIFY B\RGEOIS SOCIETY4 

,?IS WAS :AT WE1 SOCIALI/S1 BELIEV$ AS REC5TLY AS TWO YE>S AGO4 ,BUT N[ WORLD W> HAS BECOME A FACT1 ) ALL ITS HORRORS1 SUFF]+ & B>B>ITY4 ,!SE HAVE EXCE$$ ANY?+ ?AT EV5 ! MO/ GROTESQUE FANTASY C\LD HAVE IMAG9$4 ,WORLD W> BROKE \T AT ! V]Y MOM5T :5 AN 9T]NATIONAL CONGRESS WAS TO BE HELD 9 ,VI5NA4 .<#b.> 
,?IS CONGRESS WAS TO DISCUSS YET AGA9 ! IMPORTANT QUE/ION ( H[ SOCIALI/S 9 EV]Y C\NTRY C\LD AV]T W>1 & H[ ! ORGANIZ$ WORK+ CLASS WAS TO AVOID FALL+ 9TO ! TRAP ( ! IMP]IALI/S-CAPITALI/S4 ,UNTIL ONLY V]Y REC5TLY1 UNTIL ! />T ( ! W>1 IT SEEM$ COMPLETELY IMPOSSIBLE ?AT ! CLE> ,M>XI/ WORLD \TLOOK ( ! ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRATS C\LD BE 9FECT$ ) B\RGEOIS *AUV9ISM4 ,ONE MI<T HAVE ?\<T ?AT ! MAT]IALI/ UND]/&+ ( HI/ORY & ! CLE> P]CEPTION ( CLASS CONTRADICTIONS POSSESS$ BY ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRATS W\LD S]VE AS A SCI5TIFIC COMPASS GUID+ ! WORK]S ALONG ! CORRECT PA?1 EV5 DUR+ A HURRICANE ( *AUV9ISM4 

,H[EV]1 AMID ALL !SE CONSID]ATIONS1 ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRACY OV]LOOK$ ONE IMPORTANT FACTOR3 IT 
UND]E/IMAT$ ! MORAL 9FLU5CE ( ! OLD B\RGEOIS WORLD ON ! MOOD ( ! POPULACE4 ,IT FAIL$ TO TAKE SUFFICI5TLY 9TO ACC\NT ! PRES5T1 WELL-PREP>$1 TREA*]\S POLICY BE+ PURSU$ BY ! SUPPORT]S ( ! CLASS 9T]E/S ( IMP]IALISM4 ,IT TURNS \T ?AT ! GOV]NM5TS ( ! B\RGEOIS /ATES UND]/OOD POPUL> PSY*OLOGY BETT] ?AN ! V]Y REPRES5TATIVES ( ! DEMOCRATIC & WORK+-CLASS MASSES6 

,! NATIONAL FEEL+S >TIFICIALLY /IMULAT$ BY ! CAPITALI/S & JUNK]S ( EV]Y C\NTRY 9 ! WORLD ) ! HELP ( ! *UR* & ! PRESS1 & :I* >E ALSO PREA*$ 9 ! S*OOLS1 AT HOME & 9 SOCIETY1 W\LD APPE> TO BE MORE DEEPLY 5TR5*$ AMONG ! PEOPLE ?AN ! 9T]NATIONALI/S REALIZ$4 ,! IMP]IALI/-CAPITALI/ WORLD SKILLFULLY MANIPULATES PEOPLE'S NATIONAL S5TIM5TS 9 ORD] TO DRIVE ITS [N NATIONAL POPULATION 9TO ! READY-PREP>$ LE?AL TRAP ( W>4 ,& :5 IRRATIONAL & BL9D *AUV9ISM PROV$ 9SUFFICI5T TO PROVOKE A MILIT>I/ MOOD AMONG ! PEOPLE1 ! AU?ORITIES HAD REC\RSE TO O!R ME?ODS 9 ORD] TO FOOL ! PEOPLE - 9CLUD+ ! PROLET>IAT - & ATTRACT IT ONTO ITS SIDE SO ?AT IT W\LD TAKE P>T 9 A BLOODY W>4 ,ALL ! CAPITALI/ /ATES >E N[ ASSUM+ ! DISGUISE ( AN ATTRACTIVE IDEALISM 9 ORD] TO JU/IFY !IR RAPACI\S IMP]IALI/ POLICY4 

,! ,G]MANS1 IT W\LD SEEM1 >E RAIS+ ! SWORD NOT 9 ORD] TO ELIM9ATE !IR RIVALS ON ! WORLD M>KET1 BUT 9 ORD] TO OV]?R[ ,RUSSIAN CZ>ISM6444 ,! ,5GLI% & ! ,FR5*1 SO WE >E TOLD1 >E M]ELY SEEK+ TO AV]T ! ?REAT TO ! WORLD PRES5T$ BY ! ,G]MAN POLICE /ATE & ,G]MAN MILIT>ISM6 ,& ! ,RUSSIANS1 IF Y\ PLEASE1 >E S5D+ !IR SONS 9TO ! BATTLEFIELD NOT 9 ORD] TO SATISFY !IR PAN-,SLAVISM1 BUT 9 ORD] TO LIB]ATE ,GALICIA & ,S]BIA1 & ALSO 9 ORD] TO SAVE ! REPUBLICAN SY/EM 9 ,FRANCE & DEMOCRACY 9 ,BELGIUM6 ,?US CZ>ISM IS FI<T+ = REPUBLICANISM1 & ! ,JUNK]S 9 ,PRUSSIA >E SACRIFIC+ ! BLOOD ( !IR SONS 9 ORD] TO 'LIB]ATE ,RUSSIA FROM ! YOKE ( ABSOLUTISM'4 ,?IS IS AN AMUS+ C>ICATURE :I*1 9 O!R CIRCUM/ANCES1 W\LD R$UCE US TO LAU<T]1 BUT :I* N[1 AMID BLOOD & TE>S1 IS TURN+ 9TO A MAJOR HI/ORICAL CATA/ROPHE4 

,PEOPLE TALK ( '! RI<T ( EA* PEOPLE TO SELF-DEF5SE'4 ,EA* /ATE NATURALLY TRIES TO PRES5T ITSELF AS HAV+ BEGUN ! W> 9 ORD] TO PRES]VE & DEF5D ITS CULTURE1 & NOT 9 ORD] TO FILL ! PURSES ( ! CAPITALI/S4 

,CULTURE6 ,YES1 CULTURE IS 9DE$ MAN'S MO/ PRECI\S POSSESSION4 ,BUT IS IT NOT W> ?AT ?REAT5S ! V]Y EXI/5CE ( CULTURE8 ,IS IT NOT BECAUSE ( W> ?AT MAGNIFIC5T OLD =E/S 7! =E/S JU/ \TSIDE ,P>IS1 = EXAMPLE1 :I* CON/ITUTE ONE ( ITS MO/ ATTRACTIVE FEATURES7 >E RU?LESSLY DE/ROY$8 ,IS IT NOT W> ?AT DE/ROYS ! BE/ HI/ORICAL MONUM5TS & WORKS ( >T8 ,F9ALLY1 >E !RE ANY 'CULTURAL VALUES' :I* >E WOR? ! CO/ ( HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S1 EV5 MILLIONS1 ( HUMAN LIVES8 

,PEOPLE TALK ( CULTURE1 BUT IS IT NOT W> ?AT GIVES RISE TO ! MO/ HORRIFIC B>B>ITY8 ,! SLAU<T] ( ! SONS ( ! PEOPLE1 ( ! *ILDR5 ( ! PROLET>IAT1 GR[S ) EV]Y DAY4 ,! HUMAN M9D IS 9CAPABLE ( GRASP+ ! SUM TOTAL ( ALL ! MIS]Y1 DEPRIVATION & SUFF]+ ( ! PEOPLE4 ,! BASE/1 MO/ BE/IAL 9/9CTS RISE TO ! SURFACE4 ,MILIT>ISM & ! 9HUMAN CRUELTY & BL9D DISCIPL9E TO :I* IT GIVES BIR? RULE ! WORLD4 ,NO ONE GIVES ANY ?\<T ANY MORE TO M5'S MO/ VALUABLE POSSESSION-LIFE ITSELF4 ,& ?IS IS CALL$ 'DEF5SE ( CULTURE'6 

,:AT WILL BE ! \TCOME ( ?IS DREADFUL BLOOD-LETT+8 ,WILL ! WORK]S D]IVE ANY B5EFIT FROM ! W>1 EV5 9 ! CASE ( VICTORY 9 JU/ ONE C\NTRY8 ,EV5 IF IT W]E POSSIBLE TO 5SURE ! PAYM5T ( W> REP>ATIONS BY ! DEFEAT$ /ATES :OSE C\NTRIES LIE 9 RU9S1 P>T ( ?IS MONEY W\LD IMM$IATELY GO 9TO ! POCKETS ( ! CAPITALI/S1 :ILE ! RE/ W\LD HAVE TO BE US$ TO REBUILD ! %ATT]$ ECONOMY4 ,WANT & MIS]Y WILL REIGN SUPREME EV]Y:]E AFT] ?IS WORLD W>1 EV5 9 ?OSE C\NTRIES ?AT EM]GE ! VICTORS4 ,EV]Y:]E !RE WILL BE AN 9CREASE 9 ! NUMB] ( PEOPLE UNFIT = WORK3 9VALIDS1 ! SICK1 ! M5TALLY D]ANG$ & ORPHANS4 ,WOR/ ( ALL1 H[EV]1 W> WILL SUBSEQU5TLY AFFECT TO SOME DEGREE OR O!R ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! PRODUCTIVE =CES ( ALL ! BELLIG]5T C\NTRIES4 

,DISA/] & BANKRUPTCY1 DEBT & UNEMPLOYM5T WILL R$UCE ! PUR*AS+ P[] ( ! PEOPLE1 & ?IS WILL HAVE A P>ALYZ+ EFFECT ON ! NORMAL DEVELOPM5T ( ! =CES ( PRODUCTION4 ,?IS IS1 = US1 ! HEAVIE/ BL[ ( ALL3 \R HOPE = ! RAPID REALIZATION ( \R DREAM CONC]N+ ! FUTURE ( MANK9D IS CLOSELY B\ND UP ) ! CONT9U+ UNIMP$$ DEVELOPM5T ( ALL ! PRODUCTIVE =CES4 ,ANY DELAY 9 ?IS DEVELOPM5T MEANS ?AT \R BE/ HOPES >E PO/PON$ TO SOME UNSPECIFI$ DATE 9 ! DI/ANT FUTURE4 

,H[EV]1 AP>T FROM ALL ! HORRORS ( W> & MASS MURD]1 AP>T FROM ! DISRUPTION ( ! NATIONAL ECONOMY 
& ! L[]+ ( ! CULTURAL LEVEL1 W> HAS A P>TICUL>LY UNFAVORABLE EFFECT UPON ! POSITION ( ! WORK+ CLASS & ITS OBJECTIVES 9S(> AS ! :OLE ( MANK9D WILL BE DIVID$ 7ALBEIT = A %ORT TIME7 NOT 9TO CLASSES1 ACCORD+ TO ! BASIC T5ET ( ! ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRATS1 BUT 9TO NATIONS4 ,?IS R$UCES ! IMPACT ( ONE ( ! MO/ P[]FUL WEAPONS ?AT ! PROLET>IAT IS CALL$ UPON TO WIELD1 NAMELY ! SOLID>ITY ( ! WORK]S' ,9T]NATIONAL4 

,NONE!LESS1 ?IS DREADFUL W> HAS ALREADY TAU<T US A GREAT DEAL4 ,IT HAS PROVID$ US ) SEV]AL PA9FUL LESSONS :I* WE MU/ FULLY RECOGNIZE 9 ORD] TO B5EFIT FROM !M 9 ! FUTURE4 

,! W> HAS %[N US ?AT ! WORK]S' P>TY MADE A GREAT MI/AKE 9 UND]E/IMAT+ ! DANG] ( MILIT>ISM & (F]+ TOO WEAK A RESI/ANCE TO ITS 9FLU5CE4 ,! PR9CIPL$ POSITION ( ! ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRATIC P>TIES ON ! QUE/ION ( H[ ! WORK]S >E TO BEHAVE 9 CASE ( W> WAS TOO ILL-DEF9$1 TOO IMPRECISE4 ,! RESOLUTIONS ADOPT$ BY ! ,9T]NATIONAL WORK$ TO ! B5EFIT ( NATIONALI/ TR5DS4 ,N[1 H[EV]1 :5 ,G]MAN ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRACY HAS ALL[$ ITSELF TO BE FOOL$ BY ! ,PRUSSIAN ,JUNK] /ATE & IS PURSU+ A MI/AK5 TACTIC 9 SUPPORT ( W>1 .<#c.> 
IT HAS BECOME CLE> ?AT IT WILL BE ! DUTY ( ! FUTURE ,9T]NATIONAL TO /ATE ITS POSITION ON ?IS ISSUE CLE>LY & PRECISELY & TO DET]M9E UPON A FIRM1 CLE>LY DEF9$ REVOLUTION>Y TACTIC AS REG>DS ! ?REAT ( W>4 ,!RE CAN BE NO D\BT ?AT1 AS SOON AS ?IS DREADFUL W> IS OV]1 ALL ! WORK]S' P>TIES WILL HAVE ! TASK ( M\NT+ A CAMPAIGN AGA9/ MILIT>ISM4 ,?IS TASK WILL CONT9UE TO FACE US = MANY YE>S TO COME4 ,H[EV]1 ! WAYS & MEANS TO BE US$ BY ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRACY TO DEFEAT ! SPIRIT ( MILIT>ISM WILL BECOME CLE> ONLY ) TIME4 

,9 ANY CASE WE >E :OLLY CONV9C$ ?AT ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ MILIT>ISM IS AT ! SAME TIME A /RUGGLE = \R IDEALS3 ALL W>S IMP$E ! FUR!R DEVELOPM5T ( ! PRODUCTIVE =CES1 WEAK5 ! S5SE ( ! SOLID>ITY ( ! 9T]NATIONAL PROLET>IAT & 5C\RAGE ! SPREAD ( *AUV9ISM1 & ?US !Y DELAY ! GREAT DAY :5 WORK+ CLASS WILL F9ALLY BE LIB]AT$4 ,H[EV] A SY/EMATIC /RUGGLE AGA9/ MILIT>ISM IS A TASK = ! FUTURE1 ?IS DOES NOT MEAN ?AT SOCIALI/S %\LD BE PASSIVE T[>DS W> TODAY4 ,TODAY ALSO WE CAN & %\LD 9T]V5E 9 ! BLOODY EV5TS TAK+ PLACE 9 ! WORLD & MAKE \R VOICES HE>D 9 FAVOR ( ! MO/ RAPID POSSIBLE PEACE UND] 
! SLOGAN3 ',AN 5D TO CANNIBALI/IC MASS MURD]8' ,WE ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRATS HAVE NO 9T]E/ 9 & DRAW NO B5EFIT FROM ! FACT ?AT EV] MORE HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( \R BRO!RS >E SACRIFIC+ !IR LIVES = ! GLORY ( !IR B\RGEOIS-CAPITALI/ HOMEL&S4 ,WE NE$ !SE LIVES 9 ORD] TO CREATE ?AT >MY :I* WILL FI<T IMP]IALISM & CAPITALISM4 

,?US \R IMM$IATE TASK IS TO UNITE ALL \R =CES 9 ORD] TO A*IEVE ! QUICKE/ POSSIBLE PEACE1 & \R TASK = ! FUTURE IS TO WAGE A REL5TLESS /RUGGLE AGA9/ MILIT>ISM & /R5G!N ! SPIRIT ( 9T]NATIONAL SOLID>ITY AMONG ! WORK]S4 ,9 ! FACE ( ! BLOOD?IR/Y *AUV9I/ ATMOSPH]E N[ REIGN+ ?R\<\T ! WORLD1 SOCIALI/S FROM EV]Y C\NTRY MU/ R$\BLE !IR EF=TS & CONFID5TLY PROCLAIM3 ',D[N ) W>6 ,D[N ) MILIT>ISM6 ,D[N ) BL9D *AUV9ISM6 ,MAY ?OSE 9T]NATIONAL =CES :I* WILL BR+ F9AL VICTORY TO ! WORK+ CLASS FL\RI% & TRIUMPH6' 

,FOOTNOTES 

#a4 
,?IS IS REF]5CE TO ! ,EXTRAORD9>Y ,9T]NATIONAL ,SOCIALI/ ,CONGRESS ( ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL1 CONV5$ 9 ,BASLE ON #b#d-#b#e ,NOVEMB]1 #a#i#a#b4 ,! CONGRESS WAS CALL$ 9 ORD] TO CONSID] WAYS ( OPPOS+ ! APPROA*+ ?REAT ( WORLD IMP]IALI/ W>1 & WAS ATT5D$ BY #eee DELEGATES4 ,! CONGRESS ADOPT$ A MANIFE/O OPPOS+ W>4 ,! LEAD]S ( ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL1 :O HAD VOT$ = ! ADOPTION ( ! MANIFE/O1 SUBSEQU5TLY BETRAY$ IT AFT] ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD ,W> BEGAN & SUPPORT$ !IR [N IMP]IALI/ GOV]NM5TS4 

#b4 
,! ,VI5NA CONGRESS ( ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL WAS TO TAKE PLACE 9 ! SUMM] ( #a#i#a#d4 ,?IS CONGRESS WAS SE5 AS P>TICUL>LY SIGNIFICANT AS ! DATE :5 IT WAS TO BE HELD CO9CID$ ) ! #e? ANNIV]S>Y ( ! F\ND+ ( ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL1 & ! #b#e? ANNIV]S>Y ( ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,! CONGRESS AG5DA WAS TO 9CLUDE ! MO/ IMPORTANT ISSUES RELAT+ TO ! POSITION ( ! WORK+ CLASS & ITS /RUGGLE AGA9/ IMP]IALISM1 ! PROBLEMS ( W> & MILIT>ISM 9 ! CONTEXT ( ! TRAGIC 9T]NATIONAL T5SION ?AT EXI/$ 9 ! MIDDLE ( #a#i#a#d4 ,! \TBREAK ( W> PREV5T$ ! SOCIALI/S FROM HOLD+ ! ,VI5NA CONGRESS4 

#c4 
,G]MAN ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRACY  - ! LEAD+ P>TY 9 ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL  -  AB&ON$ ! 9T]E/S ( ! PROLET>IAT AS SOON AS W> WAS DECL>$ & DEF5D$ ITS [N IMP]IALI/ FA!RL&4 ,ON #d ,AUGU/1 #a#i#a#d1 ! ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRATIC FACTION )9 ! ,REI*/AG VOT$ ) ! B\RGEOIS P>TIES TO ALLOCATE #e1 MILLION M>KS TO ! ,KAIS]'S GOV]NM5T = MILIT>Y EXP5DITURE4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
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,JANU>Y #h1 #bbb 3 ,! ,W> & ,\R ,IMM$IATE ,TASKS -- ,UPDAT$4 

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