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,! ,BOL%EVIK ,REVOLUTION 

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,*APT] #e4 ,! ,BOL%EVIK ,REVOLUTION 

  

,AT ! 5D ( ,OCTOB]1 #a#i#a#g1 ! CLIMAX DREW NE> 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,! MASSES W]E READY = A NEW REVOLUTION4 ,SEV]AL SPONTANE\S UPRIS+S S9CE ,JULY 7! ONE ALREADY M5TION$ 9 ,PETROGRAD1 ONE 9 ,KALUGA1 ANO!R 9 ,KAZAN7 & DI/URBANCES AMONG BO? TROOPS & CIVILIANS1 W]E ADEQUATE EVID5CE ( ?IS4 ,FROM ?AT TIME ONW>D ! ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY SAW ITSELF 9 A POSITION TO AVAIL ITSELF ( TWO REAL =CES -- ! CONFID5CE ( ! GREAT MASSES & A L>GE MAJORITY 9 ! ,>MY4 ,IT W5T 9TO ACTION & FEV]I%LY PREP>$ = A DECISIVE BATTLE :I* IT WAS DET]M9$ TO W94 ,ITS AGITATION WAS FURI\S4 ,IT PUT ! F9I%+ T\*ES ON ! =MATION ( WORK]S' & SOLDI]S' UNITS = ! CRUCIAL COMBAT4 ,ALSO IT ORGANIZ$1 COMPLETELY1 ITS [N UNITS & DREW UP1 = USE 9 ! EV5T ( SUCCESS1 ! COMPOSITION ( ! PROJECT$ ,BOL%EVIK GOV]NM5T1 ) ,L59 AT ITS HEAD4 ,HE WAT*$ DEVELOPM5TS CLOSELY & ISSU$ HIS F9AL 9/RUCTIONS4 ,TROTSKY1 ,L59'S RI<T-H& MAN1 :O HAD RETURN$ SEV]AL MON?S E>LI] FROM ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 :]E HE HAD LIV$ AFT] HIS ESCAPE FROM ,SIB]IA1 WAS TO %>E A CONSID]ABLE PORTION ( ! P[]4 

,! LEFT ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTIONI/S W]E COLLABORAT+ ) ! ,BOL%EVIKI4 ,! ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/S & ! ,AN>*I/S1 FEW 9 NUMB]S & BADLY ORGANIZ$1 YET V]Y ACTIVE1 DID EV]Y?+ !Y C\LD TO SUPPORT & 5C\RAGE ! ACTION ( ! MASSES AGA9/ ,K]5SKY4 ,H[EV]1 !Y TRI$ TO ORI5T ! NEW REVOLUTION AWAY FROM ! POLITICAL C\RSE ( ! CONQUE/ ( P[] BY A NEW P>TY1 & TO PUT IT ON ! TRUE SOCIAL ROAD1 T[>D FREE ORGANIZATION & COLLABORATION1 9 A SPIRIT ( LIB]TY4 

,! 5SU+ C\RSE ( EV5TS IS FAIRLY WELL KN[N4 ,WE %ALL REC\NT ! FACTS BRIEFLY4 

,HAV+ RECOGNIZ$ ! EXTREME WEAKNESS ( ! ,K]5SKY GOV]NM5T1 WON ! SYMPA?Y ( AN OV]:ELM+ MAJORITY ( ! WORK+ MASSES1 & HAV+ BE5 ASSUR$ ( ! ACTIVE SUPPORT ( ! ,KRON/ADT FLEET -- ALWAYS ! VANGU>D ( ! ,REVOLUTION -- & ( ! MAJORITY ( ! ,PETROGRAD TROOPS1 ! ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY'S C5TRAL COMMITTEE SET ! 9SURRECTION = ,OCTOB] #b#e4 ,! ,PAN-,RUSSIAN ,CONGRESS ( ,SOVIETS WAS CALL$ = ! SAME DAY4 

,9 ! M9DS ( ! C5TRAL COMMITTEE1 ?IS CONGRESS -- ! GREAT MAJORITY ( ITS DELEGATES BE+ ,BOL%EVIKS :O SUPPORT$ !IR P>TY'S DIRECTIVES BL9DLY -- W\LD1 IF NE$ BE1 PROCLAIM & UPHOLD ! ,REVOLUTION1 RALLY ALL ( ! C\NTRY'S REVOLUTION>Y =CES1 & /& UP TO ! EV5TUAL RESI/ANCE ( ,K]5SKY4 

,ON ! EV5+ ( ,OCTOB] #be ! 9SURRECTION CAME (F1 EFFECTIVELY4 ,! CONGRESS MET 9 ,PETROGRAD AS S*$UL$4 ,BUT IT DID NOT HAVE TO 9T]V5E4 

,!RE WAS NO /REET FI<T+1 NO B>RICADES1 NO WIDESPREAD COMBAT4 ,EV]Y?+ HAPP5$ SIMPLY & QUICKLY4 

,AB&ON$ BY EV]YONE1 BUT HOLD+ FA/ TO ITS ILLUSIONS1 ! ,K]5SKY GOV]NM5T WAS SITT+ 9 ! ,W9T] ,PALACE 9 ! CAPITAL4 ,IT WAS DEF5D$ BY A BATTALION ( ! 0ELITE0 GU>DS1 A BATTALION ( WOM51 & A H&FUL ( Y\NG CADETS4 

,SOME DETA*M5TS ( TROOPS WON OV] BY ! ,BOL%EVIKI1 ACT+ ACCORD+ TO A PLAN WORK$ \T JO9TLY BY ! ,CONGRESS ( ,SOVIETS & ! P>TY'S C5TRAL COMMITTEE1 SURR\ND$ ! PALACE & ATTACK$ ITS GU>DS4 ,?IS ACTION ( ! TROOPS WAS SUPPORT$ BY SOME ( ! BATTLE%IPS ( ! ,BALTIC FLEET1 BR\<T FROM ,KRON/ADT & DRAWN UP 9 ! ,NEVA OPPOSITE ! PALACE4 ,MO/ NOTABLE WAS ! CRUIS] ,AURORA4 

,AFT] A %ORT SKIRMI% & A FEW CANNON-%OT FROM ! CRUIS]1 ! ,BOL%EVIK TROOPS TOOK ! PALACE4 

,MEAN:ILE1 H[EV]1 ,K]5SKY HAD MANAG$ TO FLEE4 ,! O!R MEMB]S ( ! ,GOV]NM5T W]E >RE/$4 

,?US1 9 ,PETROGRAD1 ! 09SURRECTION0 WAS LIMIT$ TO A M9OR MILIT>Y OP]ATION1 L$ BY ! ,BOL%EVIKS4 ,ONCE ! SEAT ( GOV]NM5T WAS EMPTI$1 ! P>TY'S C5TRAL COMMITTEE 9/ALL$ ITSELF !RE AS CONQU]OR4 ,! OV]TURN WAS VIRTUALLY A PALACE REVOLUTION4 

,AN ATTEMPT BY ,K]5SKY TO M>* ON ,PETROGRAD ) SOME TROOPS SUMMON$ FROM ! FRONT 7,COSSACKS1 & AGA9 ! ,CAUCASIAN DIVISION7 FAIL$ -- ?ANKS TO ! VIGOR\S >M$ 9T]V5TION ( ! CAPITAL'S WORK+ MASSES1 & ESPECIALLY ( ! ,KRON/ADT SAILORS1 :O QUICKLY CAME TO ! RESCUE4 ,9 A BATTLE NE> ,GAT*9A1 ON ! \TSKIRTS ( ,PETROGRAD1 A P>T ( ,K]5SKY'S TROOPS W]E BEAT51 & ANO!R P>T W5T OV] TO ! REVOLUTION>Y CAMP4 ,K]5SKY FL$ & ESCAP$ ABROAD4 

,9 ,MOSC[ & ELSE:]E1 ! SEIZURE ( P[] BY ! ,BOL%EVIKS WAS ATT5D$ ) GREAT] DIFFICULTY4 

,MOSC[ SAW T5 DAYS ( FURI\S FI<T+ BETWE5 ! REVOLUTION>Y =CES & ?OSE ( REACTION4 ,!RE W]E MANY VICTIMS4 ,SEV]AL SECTIONS ( ! CITY W]E HEAVILY DAMAG$ BY >TILL]Y FIRE4 ,F9ALLY ! ,REVOLUTION WON4 

,9 C]TA9 O!R CITIES ALSO1 ! VICTORY WAS GA9$ ONLY AFT] 9T5SE /RUGGLE4 

,BUT ! C\NTRYSIDE1 = ! MO/ P>T1 REMA9$ CALM1 OR RA!R1 9DIFF]5T4 ,! PEASANTS W]E TOO MU* ABSORB$ 9 !IR [N LOCAL PREOCCUPATIONS4 ,= SOME TIME !Y HAD BE5 9 ! PROCESS ( SOLV+ ! 0AGR>IAN PROBLEM0 = !MSELVES4 ,9 ANY CASE1 !Y C\LD SEE NO?+ WRONG 9 ! ,BOL%EVIKS TAK+ P[]4 ,ONCE !Y HAD ! L&1 & DIDN'T HAVE TO FE> ! RETURN ( ! POME/*IKI1 ! BIG L&-[N]S1 !Y W]E NE>LY SATISFI$1 & GAVE LITTLE ?\<T TO ! OCCUPANTS ( ! ?RONE4 ,!Y DIDN'T EXPECT ANY H>M FROM ! ,BOL%EVIKI4 ,& !Y HAD HE>D IT SAID ?AT ! LATT] WANT$ TO 5D ! W>1 :I* SEEM$ P]FECTLY JU/ & REASONABLE TO !M4 ,?US !Y HAD NO REASON TO OPPOSE ! NEW 9VOLUTION4 

-- -- ,JHE WAY 9 :I* ?AT REVOLUTION WAS ACCOMPLI%$ ILLU/RATES V]Y WELL ! USELESSNESS ( A /RUGGLE = 0POLITICAL P[]04 ,IF1 = ONE REASON OR ANO!R1 SU* P[] IS SUPPORT$ BY A /RONG SECTION ( ! POPULACE & ESPECIALLY BY ! ,>MY1 IT W\LD BE IMPOSSIBLE TO W9 AGA9/ IT1 & !RE=E FUTILE TO ATTACK IT4 ,BUT IF1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 IT IS AB&ON$ BY ! MAJORITY ( ! PEOPLE & BY ! ,>MY -- :I* OCCURS 9 EV]Y G5U9E REVOLUTION -- !N IT IS NOT WOR? BO!R+ )4 ,AT ! SLI<TE/ GE/URE ( ! >M$ PEOPLE1 IT WILL FALL LIKE A H\SE ( C>DS4 ,IT IS NECESS>Y TO BE CONC]N$1 NOT ) 0POLITICAL0 P[]1 BUT ) ! REAL P[] ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 ) ITS 9EXHAU/IBLE1 SPONTANE\S1 POT5TIAL =CES1 ITS IRRESI/IBLE SPIRIT1 ! F>-FLUNG HORIZONS IT OP5S -- 9 %ORT1 ) ! 5ORM\S POSSIBILITIES IT BR+S 9 ITS TRA94 

,H[EV]1 9 SEV]AL REGIONS1 NOTABLY 9 ! ,EA/ & 9 ,C5TRAL ,RUSSIA1 ! VICTORY ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS WAS NOT COMPLETE4 ,C\NT]REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS SOON APPE>$4 ,!Y CONSOLIDAT$ !MSELVES1 GA9$ 9 IMPORTANCE1 & L$ TO A CIVIL W> :I* LA/$ UNTIL ! 5D ( #a#i#b#a4 

,ONE ( ?OSE MOVEM5TS1 HEAD$ BY ,G5]AL ,ANTON ,IVANO-VIT* ,D5IK91 TOOK ON ! PROPORTIONS ( AN UPRIS+ :I* S]I\SLY ?REAT5$ ! P[] ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS4 ,/>T+ FROM ! DEP?S ( ,S\!RN ,RUSSIA1 ,D5IK9'S >MY ALMO/ REA*$ ! GATES ( ,MOSC[ 9 ! SUMM] ( #a#i#a#i4 

,ALSO V]Y DANG]\S WAS ANO!R UPRIS+ LAUN*$ BY ,G5]AL ,B>ON ,PET] ,WRANGEL 9 ! SAME REGION4 ,& A ?IRD MOVEM5T ( ,:ITE ,RUSSIANS ORGANIZ$ BY ,ADMIRAL ,ALEX&] ,VASSILIEVIT* ,KOL*AK 9 ,SIB]IA WAS = A TIME CONSPICU\SLY M5AC+4 ,M>*+ ) HIS >MY FROM HIS HEADQU>T]S 9 ,OMSK WE/W>D TO ! ,URAL M\NTA9S1 HE VANQUI%$ ! ,BOL%EVIKI 9 SEV]AL BATTLES4 

,O!R C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y REBELLIONS W]E ( LESS IMPORTANCE4 

,! GREAT] P>T ( !SE MOVEM5TS WAS P>TLY SUPPORT$ & GIV5 SUPPLIES ?R\< =EIGN 9T]V5TION4 ,SOME W]E BACK$ & EV5 POLITICALLY DIRECT$ BY ! MOD]ATE ,SOCIALI/S1 ! RI<T ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION>IES1 & ! ,M5%EVIKS4 

,ON ! O!R H&1 ! ,BOL%EVIK P[] HAD TO C>RY ON A LONG & DIFFICULT /RUGGLE 9 TWO DIRECTIONS -- AGA9/ ITS EX-P>TN]S1 ! LEFT ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION>IES1 & AGA9/ ! ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T & IDEOLOGY4 ,NATURALLY1 !SE LEFTI/ MOVEM5TS DID NOT FI<T ! ,BOL%EVIKS ON ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y SIDE1 BUT1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 9 ! NAME ( 0! TRUE ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION01 BETRAY$1 9 !IR OP9ION1 BY ! ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY 9 P[]4 

,BEYOND QUE/ION1 ! BIR?1 & ESPECIALLY ! EXT5T & /R5G? ( ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y =CES1 W]E ! 9EVITABLE RESULT ( ! BANKRUPTCY ( ! ,BOL%EVIK P[]1 & ( ITS 9ABILITY TO ORGANIZE A NEW ECONOMIC & SOCIAL LIFE = ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE4 ,F>!R ON ! READ] WILL SEE :AT ! REAL DEVELOPM5T ( ! ,OCTOB] ,REVOLUTION WAS1 & ALSO :AT W]E ! MEANS BY :I* ! NEW P[] HAD TO IMPOSE ITSELF1 MA9TA9 ITSELF1 MA/] ! /ORM1 & 0SOLVE0 AFT] ITS [N FA%ION ! PROBLEMS ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 

,NOT UNTIL ! 5D ( #aibb C\LD ! ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY FEEL ITSELF COMPLETELY -- AT LEA/ = A MOM5T 9 HI/ORY -- MA/] ( ! SITUATION4 

,ON ! RU9S ( ,CZ>ISM & ( ! B\RGEOIS-FEUDAL SY/EM1 IT WAS N[ NECESS>Y TO BEG9 TO BUILD A NEW SOCIETY4 

  

.<#a.> ,!RE >E ANALOGIES BETWE5 ?IS SITUATION 9 #a#i? C5TURY ,RUSSIA BE=E ! REVOLUTION #a #a#i#a#g1 & ?AT ( ,FRANCE 9 ! EI<TE5? C5TURY BE=E ! REVOLUTION ( #a#g#h#i4 ,BUT NATURALLY C]TA9 PECULI>ITIES >E SPECIFICALLY ,RUSSIAN4 

.<#b.> ,! FAM\S & MON/R\S TRIAL ( 0! #a#i#c0 WAS ! CLIMAX ( ?IS REPRESSION4 

.<#c.> ,L591 9 HIS ,WORKS1 & ,BUKH>91 9 HIS ,A,B,C ( ,COMMUNISM1 >E P]FECTLY RI<T :5 !Y M5TION 9 PASS+ ?AT ! 0,SOVIETS0 W]E SPONTANE\SLY =M$ BY WORK]S 9 #a#i#e1 BUT !Y FAIL TO GIVE DETAILS1 & !Y GIVE ! IMPRESSION ?AT !SE WORK]S W]E ,BOL%EVIKS1 OR AT LEA/ 0SYMPA?IZ]S40 

.<#d.> ,MISS+ FOOTNOTE 

.<#e.> ,! READ] %\LD NOT BE SURPRIS$ IT ?IS WEAKNESS4 ,HE MU/ REALIZE ?AT 9 ,RUSSIA !N ! B\RGEOISIE -- WEAK1 DISORGANIZ$1 & :OLLY DEP5D5T ON ! ,/ATE -- HAD NO 9ITIATIVE1 RO REAL /R5G?1 & C\LD PLAY NO ORGANIZ+ ROLE 9 ! NATIONAL ECOIOMY2 ?AT ! 9DU/RIAL WORK]S & ! PEASANTS -- S]FS1 ) NO VOICE AOR RI<TS -- W]E LESS ?AN NO?+ 9 ! EMPIRE'S ECONOMIC LIFE & C>$ NO?+ = ! ,CZ>I/ ,/ATE2 & ?AT ?US ! :OLE ME*ANISM1 POLITICAL1 ECONOMICAL & SOCIAL1 WAS 9 ! H&S ( ,CZ>I/ FUNCTION>IES4 ,ONCE ! W> ,MA DISRUPT$ ?IS CLASS & UPSET ITS OBSOLETE MA*9]Y1 EV]Y?+ LEFT TO PIECES4 

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