,P>T #b1 ,*APT] #c 
,! ,DISA/R\S ,W>2 ,VICTORY ( A ,REVOLUTION>Y ,/RIKE 

#aidgaidg 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,VOL9E 

,TEXT 3 

,*APT] #c4 ,! ,DISA/R\S ,W>2 ,VICTORY ( A ,REVOLUTION>Y ,/RIKE 

  

,! WAVES RAIS$ BY ! EV5TS ( ,JANU>Y #aie W]E NOT TO BE CALM$ RI<T AWAY4 ,?IS TIME ! 5TIRE C\NTRY HAD BE5 JOLT$4 

,FROM ,SPR+1 #aie ON1 ! G5]AL SITUATION ( ! ,CZ>I/ REGIME BECAME 9CREAS+LY UNT5ABLE4 ,! MA9 REASON WAS ! BITT] DEFEAT EXP]I5C$ BY ,CZ>I/ ,RUSSIA 9 ITS W> AGA9/ ,JAPAN4 

,?IS W>1 :I* BEGAN 9 ,FEBRU>Y1 #a#i#d1 ACCOMPANI$ BY A GREAT DEAL ( >ROGANCE & C>RI$ \T L>GELY ) ! AIM ( /IMULAT+ NATIONALI/IC1 PATRIOTIC1 & MON>*I/ FEEL+S1 WAS HOPELESSLY LO/4 ,! ,RUSSIAN >MY & FLEET W]E TOTALLY DEFEAT$4 

,PUBLIC OP9ION OP5LY BLAM$ ! 9COMPET5CE ( ! AU?ORITIES & ! DEG5]ATION ( ! REGIME = ! FAILURE4 ,NOT ONLY MASSES ( WORK]S1 BUT O!R /RATA AS WELL1 W]E RAPIDLY SEIZ$ BY A GR[+ ANG] & SPIRIT ( REVOLT4 ,! EFFECT ( ! DEFEATS -- :I* FOLL[$ ONE ANO!R 9 RAPID SUCCESSION -- WAS OV]:ELM+4 ,PEOPLE C\LD NO LONG] CONTA9 !IR FEEL+S3 9DIGNATION KNEW NO LIMITS1 & AGITATION BECAME WIDESPREAD4 

,! GOV]NM5T1 AW>E ( ITS DEFEAT1 WAS SIL5T4 

,TAK+ ADVANTAGE ( ! SITUATION1 LIB]AL & REVOLUTION>Y CIRCLES BEGAN A VIOL5T CAMPAIGN AGA9/ ! REGIME4 ,)\T ASK+ = AU?ORIZATION1 PEOPLE PRACTIC$ FRE$OM ( SPEE* & ( ! PRESS4 ,IT WAS A V]ITABLE CONQUE/ ( 0POLITICAL FRE$OMS40 ,J\RNALS ( ALL T5D5CIES1 EV5 REVOLUTION>Y ONES1 APPE>$ & W]E FREELY SOLD1 )\T C5SOR%IP OR CONTROL4 ,! GOV]NM5T & ! 5TIRE SY/EM W]E VIGOR\SLY CRITICIZ$4 

,EV5 TIMID LIB]ALS TURN$ TO ACTION3 !Y F\ND$ NUM]\S PR(ESSIONAL UNIONS3 ! 0,UNION ( ,UNIONS0 7A TYPE ( ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE DIRECT+ ! ACTIVITY ( ALL ! UNIONS71 ! SECRET 0,UNION ( ,LIB]ATION0 7A POLITICAL ORGANIZATION74 ,!Y ALSO RU%$ TO =MALLY ORGANIZE A POLITICAL P>TY CALL$ ! 0,CON/ITUTIONAL-,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY40 ,! GOV]NM5T WAS CON/RA9$ TO TOL]ATE ALL ?IS1 AS IT HAD ALREADY TOL]AT$ ! ,JANU>Y /RIKE & ! MEET+S ( ! ,SOVIET4 

,POLITICAL ASSASS9ATIONS FOLL[$ EA* O!R AT AN ACCEL]AT+ RATE4 

,VIOL5T DEMON/RATIONS1 EV5 S]I\S UPRIS+S1 BROKE \T 9 V>I\S CITIES4 ,9 SOME PLACES PEOPLE SET UP B>RICADES4 

,9 V>I\S PROV9CES PEASANTS REBELL$1 UNLEA%+ ACTUAL 0JACQU]IES0 7PEASANT REVOLTS71 BURN+ CA/LES1 APPROPRIAT+ ! L&1 *AS+ \T OR EV5 ASSASS9AT+ ! L&[N]S4 ,A ,UNION ( ,PEASANTS ) A SOCIALI/ PROGRAM WAS =M$4 ,! 5EMIES ( ! REGIME W]E BECOM+ TOO NUM]\S & TOO AUDACI\S4 ,&1 ABOVE ALL1 !Y W]E RI<T4 

,! MILIT>Y DEFEAT ( ! GOV]NM5T & ITS DI/RESS+ 0MORAL0 SITUATION DO NOT EXPLA9 EV]Y?+4 ,BUT !Y DO EXPLA9 ! FACT ?AT IT LACK$ ! MO/ IMPORTANT MEANS = OPPOS+ ! MOVEM5T3 MONEY4 ,NEGOTIATIONS TAK+ PLACE ABROAD1 MA9LY 9 ,FRANCE1 = ! PURPOSE ( SECUR+ A LOAN1 DRAGG$ ON 5DLESSLY BECAUSE ( LACK ( CONFID5CE 9 ! ,CZ>I/ REGIME4 

,DUR+ ! SUMM] ( #aie S]I\S TR\BLES DEVELOP$ 9 ! >MY & ! NAVY4 ,! WELL KN[N REVOLT & EPIC ( ! BATTLE%IP ,PR9CE ,POTEMK91 ONE ( ! MAJOR UNITS ( ! NAVY 9 ! ,BLACK ,SEA1 WAS ! \T/&+ EPISODE4 ,! LA/ RAMP>T ( FALL+ REGIMES -- ! >M$ =CES -- BEGAN TO BREAK4 

,?IS TIME ! 5TIRE C\NTRY BEGAN TO TURN MORE & MORE RESOLUTELY AGA9/ ,CZ>ISM4 

,9 ,AUGU/ #a#i#e1 GIV+ WAY TO V>I\S PRESSURES1 ! EMP]OR F9ALLY DECID$ TO RECOGNIZE1 PO/ FACTUM -- &1 NE$LESS TO SAY1 HYPOCRITICALLY -- C]TA9 0FRE$OMS40 ,HE ALSO PROMIS$ TO CONV5E A REPRES5TATIVE ,NATIONAL ,ASSEMBLY 70,DUMA07 ) V]Y RE/RICT$ RI<TS & ON ! BASIS ( EXTREMELY N>R[ ELECTORAL PROC$URES4 ,BULYG91 ,M9I/] ( ! ,9T]IOR1 WAS *>G$ ) PREP>+ & C>RY+ \T ?IS ELECTION4 ,BUT ?IS HI<LY TIMID /EP1 BELAT$ & MANIFE/LY HYPOCRITICAL1 SATISFI$ NO ONE4 ,AGITATION & REBELLION CONT9U$ & ?IS 0,DUMA10 CALL$ 0,BULYG9'S ,DUMA10 WAS NEV] =M$4 ,BULYG9 WAS =C$ TO 0RESIGN0 7AT ! 5D ( ,AUGU/71 & WAS REPLAC$ BY ,WITTE1 :O HAD SUCCE$$ 9 CONV9C+ ,NI*OLAS ,I,I TO ACCEPT MORE MEAN+FUL CONCESSIONS4 

,MEAN:ILE1 ! 9ACTIVITY & AV[$ IMPOT5CE ( ! GOV]NM5T 5C\RAG$ ! =CES ( OPPOSITION & ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,FROM ! BEG9N+ ( ,OCTOB]1 PEOPLE SPOKE ( A G5]AL /RIKE 5COMPASS+ ! 5TIRE C\NTRY AS ! PRELUDE TO ! F9AL REVOLUTION4 

,?IS /RIKE1 :I* 5COMPASS$ ! 5TIRE C\NTRY -- AN IMM5SE /RIKE1 UNIQUE 9 MOD]N HI/ORY -- TOOK PLACE 9 MID-,OCTOB]4 ,IT WAS LESS SPONTANE\S ?AN ! ,JANU>Y /RIKE4 ,LONG ANTICIPAT$1 PREP>$ AHEAD ( TIME1 IT WAS ORGANIZ$ BY ! ,SOVIET1 ! 0,UNION ( ,UNIONS10 & MA9LY BY NUM]\S /RIKE COMMITTEES4 ,FACTORIES1 Y>DS1 WORK%OPS1 W>EH\SES1 BANKS1 ADM9I/RATIVE (FICES1 RAILROADS & ALL O!R MEANS ( TRANSPORTATION1 PO/ (FICES & TELEGRAPH /ATIONS -- EV]Y?+1 ABSOLUTELY EV]Y?+1 /OPP$ COMPLETELY4 ,! LIFE ( ! C\NTRY WAS SUSP5D$4 

,! GOV]NM5T LO/ ITS FOOT+ & GAVE 94 ,ON ,OCTOB] #ag 7#a#i#e7 ! ,CZ> ISSU$ A MANIFE/O-! WELL-KN[N 0,MANIFE/O ( ,OCTOB] #a#g0 -- :]E HE DECL>$ ?AT HE HAD SOLEMNLY DECID$ TO BE/[ ON HIS 0DE> & FAI?FUL SUBJECTS0 ALL POLITICAL FRE$OMS & TO CONV5E1 AS SOON AS POSSIBLE1 A TYPE ( REPRES5TATIVE C\NCIL3 ! 0,/ATE ,DUMA40 7,! T]M ,DUMA WAS BORR[$ FROM AN E>LI] C5TURY :5 A ,C\NCIL ( ,/ATE OR ,*AMB] ( ,NOBLES .<,BOY>S.> WAS KN[N AS A ,DUMABOY>SKAYA3 AN 9/ITUTION CALL$ ON TO HELP ! ,CZ> C>RY \T HIS FUNCTIONS4 ,LAT]1 9 ! #a#f? & #a#g? C5TURIES1 ! T]M ,ZEMSKAYA ,DUMA WAS US$ = ASSEMBLIES ( REPRES5TATIVES FROM DIFF]5T CLASSES1 ASSEMBLIES COMP>ABLE TO ! ,ETATS ,G5]AUX ( ! ANCI5T ,FR5* MON>*Y4 ,F9ALLY1 9 ! P]IOD WE'RE DEAL+ )1 0,GORODSKAYA ,DUMA0 MEANT 0,CITY ,C\NCIL10 0GOROD0 MEAN+ 0CITY40 ,! WORD 0DUMA0 MEANS 0?\<T407 ,ACCORD+ TO ! ,MANIFE/O1 ?IS ,DUMA WAS BE+ SUMMON$ TO HELP ! GOV]NM5T4 

,IT WAS1 9 %ORT1 A NEBUL\S PROMISE ( A VAGUE CON/ITUTIONAL REGIME4 ,SOME CIRCLES TOOK IT S]I\SLY4 ,AN 0,OCTOBRI/0 ,P>TY APPE>$ ALMO/ RI<T AWAY1 & DECL>$ ?AT IT W\LD ACCEPT1 APPLY & DEF5D ! RE=MS ANN\NC$ BY ! ,MANIFE/O4 

,9 ACTUAL FACT1 ?IS ACT ( ! ,CZ>'S GOV]NM5T HAD TWO AIMS :I* HAD NO?+ TO DO ) A 0CON/ITUTION03  

,TO PRODUCE AN EFFECT ABROAD2 TO GIVE ! IMPRESSION ?AT ! ,REVOLUTION WAS OV]1 ?AT ! GOV]NM5T HAD REGA9$ MA/]Y OV] ! SITUATION1 & ?US TO 9FLU5CE PUBLIC OP9ION1 P>TICUL>LY ! OP9ION ( ,FR5* F9ANCIAL CIRCLES1 SO AS TO REVIVE ! LOAN NEGOTIATIONS2  

,TO DECEIVE ! MASSES1 CALM !M1 & B> ! PA? T[>D ,REVOLUTION4  
  

,!SE TWO GOALS W]E REALIZ$4 ,! /RIKE 5D$1 ! REVOLUTION>Y ELAN WAS BROK54 ,! IMPRESSION CREAT$ ABROAD WAS COMPLETELY FAVORABLE4 ,IT WAS SE5 ?AT1 9 SPITE ( EV]Y?+1 ! GOV]NM5T ( ! ,CZ> WAS /ILL /RONG 5\< TO QUELL ! REVOLUTION4 ,! LOAN WAS GRANT$4 

,IT %\LD BE OBVI\S ?AT ! REVOLUTION>Y P>TIES W]E NOT DUP$ BY ! V5TURE4 ,!Y SAW ! ,MANIFE/O AS A SIMPLE POLITICAL MANEUV] & IMM$IATELY BEGAN TO EXPLA9 IT TO ! WORK+ MASSES4 ,! WORK]S1 MOREOV]1 W]E MORE ?AN A LITTLE SUSPICI\S4 ,!Y HAD 5D$ ! /RIKE1 TO BE SURE1 AS IF !Y HAD OBTA9$ SATISFACTION1 AS IF !Y HAD CONFID5CE4 ,BUT ! FACT ?AT ! /RIKE 5D$ WAS SIMPLY A SIGN ?AT ! ,REVOLUTION LACK$ IMPETUS & C\LD NOT YET GO FUR!R4 ,!RE WAS NO EXPRESSION ( REAL SATISFACTION4 ,! POPULATION DID NOT HA/5 TO USE ITS 0NEW RI<TS10 BE+ 9TUITIVELY AW>E ( !IR FRAUDUL5T *>ACT]4 ,?IS WAS QUICKLY PROV$4 ,9 SOME CITIES1 PEACEFUL PUBLIC DEMON/RATIONS ORGANIZ$ TO CELEBRATE 0! VICTORY0 & ! 0NEW REGIME0 PROMIS$ BY ! ,CZ> W]E DISP]S$ BY ! POLICE & FOLL[$ BY ,JEWI% POGROMS -- :ILE ! WALLS ANN\NC$ ! ,CZ>'S 0,MANIFE/O40 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aidf 3 ,P>T #b1 ,*APT] #c -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,FEBRU>Y #b#b1 #bag 3 ,P>T #b1 ,*APT] #c -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/