,! ,TRU? ,AB\T ! ,OIL ,W> 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,E/ELLE ,SYLVIA ,PANKHUR/ 

,TEXT 3 

,S\RCE3 ,SYLVIA ,PANKHUR/1 0,! ,TRU? AB\T ! ,OIL ,W>0 ,DREADN\<T ,PUBLICATIONS PAMPHLET1 #bg PAGES2 
,PUBLI%$3 BY ,! ,DREADN\<T ,PUBLI%]S1 #aeb ,FLEET ,/REET1 ,LONDON1 ,E4,C4 #d41 ,PRICE ,ONE ,P5NY4 

,OIL CONCESSIONS >E ?OSE = :I* ! GREAT CAPITALI/S SCRAMBLE MO/ EAG]LY TO-DAY4 

,OIL %>ES >E AMONG ! MO/ PR(ITABLE ( ALL %>ES4 

,OIL IS ! FUEL :I* GIVES ! GREATE/ PROPORTION TO-DAY ( ALL-R\ND EFFICI5CY1 COMB9$ ) *EAPNESS1 BO? = MANUFACTURE & TRANSPORT4 

,OIL IS ! PR9CIPAL FUEL ( ! WORLD'S NAVIES4 

,:OEV] [NS ! OIL 9 PEACE-TIME2 9 W>TIME ! OIL WILL BE SEIZ$ BY ?OSE >MIES & NAVIES :I* CONTROL ! ROAD TO IT & ! T]RITORY :]E IT LIES4 ,!Y WILL SEIZE IT = !IR [N USE1 & PREV5T ITS USE BY O!RS4 

,POSSESSION ( ! ,N>R[ ,SEAS WAS ALWAYS HOTLY CONTE/$ BECAUSE ( !IR W>-TIME IMPORTANCE4 ,N[ ?AT OIL IS ! FUEL ( NAVIES1 ?OSE N>R[ SEAS1 ! ,D>DANELLES & ! ,BOSPHORUS1 HAVE ASSUM$ AN 5HANC$ IMPORTANCE1 BECAUSE !RE >E RI* OIL-BE>+ L&S BESIDE !M4 
,TURKI% ,OIL4 

,! ,TURKI% ,PETROLEUM ,COMPANY WAS =M$ 9 ,LONDON BE=E ! ,W> TO EXPLOIT ! ,MESOPOTAMIAN OILFIELDS4 ,ORIG9ALLY IT WAS AN ,ANGLO-,G]MAN COMPANY1 BUT ! ,G]MANS LO/ !IR MONEY 9 IT AS A RESULT ( ! ,W>4 ,MESOPOTAMIA HAV+ BE5 CAPTUR$ BY ! ,BRITI% ,>MY DUR+ ! W>1 & SUBSEQU5TLY RETA9$ BY ! ,BRITI% ,EMPIRE1 ! ,BRITI% CAPITALI/ OIL COMPANY IS SURE ?AT ! ,GOV]NM5T ( ,MESOPOTAMIA WILL PLACE ITS 9T]E/S BE=E ALL O!RS1 UNLESS ! ,TURKS \/ ! ,BRITI% & RECOV] ,MESOPOTAMIA4 

,) ! SUPPORT ( ! ,BANQUE DE L',UNION ,P>ISI5NE & ( ,?ALMANN & ,COMPANY1 A ,FR5* ,CAPITALI/ GR\P WAS =M$ 9 ,P>IS TO EXPLOIT ! OIL WELLS ( ,SYRIA4 ,DUR+ ! WORLD-W> ! ,FR5* CAPTUR$ ,SYRIA FROM ! ,TURKS1 & HAVE KEPT IT S9CE4 ,A ,FR5* ADM9I/RATION !RE=E AT PRES5T SAFEGU>DS ! 9T]E/S ( ! ,FR5* OIL COMPANY4 

,A ,BRITI% COMPANY BE=E ! W> SECUR$ AN OIL CONCESSION FROM ! ,TURKS AT ,ADRIANOPLE1 9 ,?RACE4 ,! ,ALLIES TOOK ,?RACE FROM ! ,TURKS & GAVE IT TO ! ,GREEKS AS ! PRICE ( ,GREEK ASSI/ANCE 9 ! ,W>2 &1 ( C\RSE1 ACCORD+ TO CU/OM1 IT WAS >RANG$ ?AT ! ,BRITI% COMPANY %\LD BE UNDI/URB$4 

,! ,AM]ICAN ,/&>D ,OIL ,COMPANY SECUR$ AN OIL CONCESSION AT ,RODO/O1 9 ,?RACE1 ON ! NOR? %ORE ( ! ,SEA ( ,M>MORA2 BUT ?AT IS ONLY A 0NOTORI\SLY 9F]IOR0 OIL REGION - ! ,AM]ICANS HAVE L>GELY BE5 0DONE0 OV] ! OIL4 ,NO D\BT !Y >RANG$ ?AT ! ,GREEKS %\LD RESPECT !IR CONCESSION1 POOR AS IT IS SAID TO BE4 

,!RE IS A VA/ OIL REGION 9 ! ,>M5IAN VILAYETS ( ,]Z]UM1 ,VAN1 & ,BITLIS1 COV]+ A /RET* ( #bb MILES2 IT IS HELD BY ! ,TURKS4 ,?IS OIL C\LD COMPETE FAVORABLY 9 PRICE ) ,MESOPOTAMIAN OIL1 BECAUSE IT C\LD MORE READILY BE TRANSPORT$ WE/W>D TO ! ,M$IT]RANEAN4 ,FR5* ,CAPITALI/S >E SAID TO HAVE GOT A PROMISE ( ?IS OILFIELD - OR SOME?+ MORE SUB/ANTIAL ?AN A PROMISE4 

,!RE >E ALSO O!R OILFIELDS 9 ,TURKEY1 UPON :I* BO? ,BRITI% & ,AM]ICAN CONCESSION HUNT]S HAVE CA/ JEAL\S EYES1 BUT ! ,TURKS BY ! ,ANGORA ,TREATY HAVE PL$G$ !MSELVES TO FAVOR ! ,FR5*4 

,?IS IS :Y ,BRITI% ,CAPITALISM SUPPORT$ ! ,GREEKS 9 !IR ATTEMPT TO DRIVE ! ,TURKS AWAY EA/W>D2 = ! ,GREEKS1 9 RETURN = ,BRITI% ASSI/ANCE1 W\LD HAVE %[N ! FAVOR TO ,BRITI% ,CAPITALI/ EXPLOIT]S :I* ! ,TURKS >E %[+ TO ! ,FR5* 9 RETURN = ,FR5* SUPPORT4 ,?IS IS H[ ! ,EA/]N PEOPLE USE ! CUPIDITY ( ! ,WE/]N ,CAPITALI/S TO S]VE !IR [N 5DS4 

,?IS IS :Y1 :5 ! ,BRITI% PREP>$ TO FI<T ! ,TURKS AFT] ! ,GREEK DEFEAT2 ! ,FR5* REFUS$ TO ASSI/4 ,?IS IS :Y !RE WILL PRES5TLY BE A GREAT W> 9 ,TURKEY4 
,RUSSIAN ,OIL4 

,RUSSIA IS RI* 9 OIL4 ,BE=E ! ,W> ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 ,MEXICO1 & ,RUSSIA1 GAVE N9E-T5?S ( ! WORLD'S OIL PRODUCTION4 ,BETWE5 #aia & #aie ,RUSSIA PRODUC$ #c#g#d4#e MILLION B>RELS ( OIL1 :I* WAS #c#h4#d P] C5T4 ( ! WORLD PRODUCTION4 ,AFT] ?AT ,RUSSIAN OIL PRODUCTION DECREAS$3 ! WELLS ALREADY SUNK HAD EVID5TLY PASS$ ! HI<E/ PO9T ( !IR PRODUCTIVITY1 BUT !RE >E O!R S\RCES & EXP]TS SAY ?AT ! ,RUSSIAN \TPUT C\LD BE GREATLY 9CREAS$ BEYOND ITS HI!RTO HI<E/ PO9T4 

,NEV]!LESS1 ! EXP]TS >E AGRE$ ?AT !RE WILL PRES5TLY BE AN ACUTE %ORTAGE ( PETROLEUM PRODUCTS 9 ,RUSSIA1 EV5 ) ! PRES5T GREAT R$UCTION ( TRANSPORT & 9DU/RIAL PRODUCTION1 :I* HAS >IS5 [+ LACK ( ROLL+ /OCK & MA*9]Y1 & O!R CAUSES4 ,! OIL %ORTAGE IS P>TLY ATTRIBUT$ TO ! BURN+ ( EI<T MILLION TONS ( OIL 9 ! ,GROSNY NEW OILFIELD DUR+ ! ,CIVIL ,W>1 & TO 0! PRACTICAL LOSS0 ( ! PRES5T PRODUC+ /RATA ( ! ,BAKU FIELDS1 BY F> ! RI*E/ ,RUSSIAN OIL REGION2 ?IS LOSS BE+ ATTRIBUT$ TO LACK ( MAT]IAL & SKILL$ 5G9E]+ LABOR4 ,AS WE HAVE SE51 H[EV]1 ,RUSSIAN PRODUCTION WAS DECL9+ EV5 BE=E ! ,W>4 

,9 SPITE ( ?IS APPROA*+ GREAT %ORTAGE1 PLANS BY ! ,RUSSIAN ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T & BY =EIGN ,CAPITALI/S >E GO+ =W>D = A GREAT EXPORT ( ,RUSSIAN OIL4 

,IT IS DIFFICULT1 ) ! DATA AVAILABLE1 TO PRON\NCE JUDGM5T ON ?IS MATT]2 BUT ! POLICY ( GREAT EXPORT APPE>S TO CONFLICT ) ! ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T'S PR(ESS$ ANXIETY = ! 9T]NAL DEVELOPM5T ( ,RUSSIA - AN ANXIETY SUPPOS$LY SO GREAT ?AT IT IS MADE ! EXCUSE = AB&ON+ ALL VE/IGES ( ,COMMUNISM & = CALL+ 9 =EIGN ,CAPITALISM TO ACCEL]ATE ! DEVELOPM5T4 ,! 9CREAS$ EXPORT ( OIL W\LD SEEM TO BE A %ORT-SI<T$ & SP5D?RIFT POLICY4 ,IS IT DICTAT$ UND] ?REAT ( W>8 
,:AT ,SECRET ,NEGOTIATIONS WILL PRES5TLY BE REVEAL$8 

,! ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T SOME TIME AGO DECID$ TO H& OV] ,RUSSIA'S OILFIELDS TO ! =EIGN ,CAPITALI/S :O HAD ALREADY MADE VIGOR\S W> ON ,RUSSIA1 L>GELY = ! V]Y PURPOSE ( SECUR+ !SE OILFIELDS4 ,! ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T AT FIR/ PROPOS$ TO =M A UNIFI$ OIL COMPANY1 #be P] C5T4 ( ! %>ES TO BE HELD BY ! ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T1 #be P] C5T4 BY ! =M] ,CAPITALI/ C\NT] REVOLUTION>Y [N]S1 & #e P] C5T4 TO BE B\<T BY ?REE GREAT OIL COMPANIES - ! ,ROYAL ,DUT*-,%ELL ,COMB9E1 ,BRITI% COMPANY 9 :I* #f P] C5T4 ( ! %>ES >E ,DUT*2 ! ,ANGLO-,P]SIAN ,OIL ,COMPANY1 AN ALL ,BRITI% COMPANY 9 :I* ! ,BRITI% ,GOV]NM5T [NS ! MAJORITY ( ! %>ES2 & ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ,/&>D ,OIL ,COMPANY4 

,?IS PROJECT WAS AB&ON$1 P>TLY BECAUSE ,/&>D ,OIL & ! ,ROYAL ,DUT*-,%ELL REFUS$ TO 5T] 9TO ! SAME COMB9ATION4 
,LLOYD ,GEORGE & ! ,%ELL ,9TRIGUE4 

,DUR+ ! ,G5OA ,CONF]5CE1 AS EV]YONE KN[S1 IT WAS REPORT$ ?AT ! ,RUSSIAN ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T HAD 5T]$ 9TO AN AGREEM5T TO GIVE ! ,ROYAL ,DUT*-,%ELL ,COMB9E A CONCESSION TO EXPLOIT ALL ! OILFIELDS ( ,RUSSIA4 

,?IS >\S$ ! ANG] ( ,AM]ICA & ,FRANCE4 ,! ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T & ! ,BRITI% D5I$ ?AT SU* AN AGREEM5T HAD BE5 MADE2 BUT IT HAS S9CE TRANSPIR$ ?AT AN AGREEM5T WAS EI!R MADE1 OR DISCUSS$1 BY :I* ! ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T WAS TO =M AN OIL-EXPORT+ COMPANY1 ! AG5CY = :I* WAS TO BE GIV5 TO ! ,ROYAL ,DUT* ,%ELL ,COMB9E1 SO ?AT ALL ! OIL EXPORT$ FROM ,RUSSIA W\LD PASS ?R\< ! H&S & BE SUBJECT TO ! CONTROL & ! PR(ITS ( ! ,ROYAL ,DUT*-,%ELL ,COMB9E4 ,9 W>TIME1 ( C\RSE1 ! ,ROYAL ,DUT*-,%ELL W\LD NOT SUPPLY OIL TO C\NTRIES OPPOS$ TO ,BRITA94 
,A ,CLEV] ,BIT ( ,DIPLOMACY ?IS ON ! P>T ( ,BRITI% ,IMP]IALI/S4 

,! ,ROYAL ,DUT*-,%ELL HAS ACQUIR$ MORE ,RUSSIAN OIL PROP]TIES ?AN ANY O!R4 ,IT HAS ACQUIR$ ! ,RO?S*ILD ,COMPANY AT ,BAKU1 & ! ,RO?S*ILD DI/RIBUT+ AG5CIES ?R\<\T ,RUSSIA4 ,IT HAS SUBSIDI>Y COMPANIES 9 ! ,GROSNY & ,EMBA 7,URALS7 FIELDS4 

,9 #aib ! ,AM]ICAN ,/&>D ,OIL ,COMPANY PUR*AS$ CONTROL ( ! ,NOBEL ,COMPANY 9 ,BAKU4 

,! ,ANGLO-,P]SIAN ,OIL ,COMPANY HAS S9CE ACQUIR$ A CONSID]ABLE BLOCK ( ,NOBEL %>ES4 

,BRITI% ,CAPITALISM DOES NOT CEASE ITS /RUGGLE TO CONTROL ! WORLD'S SUPPLY ( OIL4 

,BRITI% & ,AM]ICAN ,CAPITALI/S MEET AS ! GREAT COMPETITORS 9 ,RUSSIAN OIL1 BUT ,BRITI% ,CAPITALI/S HAVE SECUR$ ! GREAT] P>T ( ! SPOILS4 

,FRANCE AT PRES5T HAS LITTLE OR NO P>T 9 ,RUSSIAN OIL4 
,:Y ,LLOYD ,GEORGE ,SUPPORT$ ,NATIONALIZATION4 

,BE=E ! ,W> ! %>ES ( TWO BIG ,RUSSIAN OIL COMPANIES1 ! ,NEFT & ! ,BAK9SKI1 W]E FREELY DEALT 9 ON ! ,P>IS ,B\RSE2 & ! ,FR5* BANK]S1 ,DREYFUS & ,COMPANY1 ASSI/$ 9 RAIS+ ! CAPITAL4 ,! 5T]PRISES W]E CONTROLL$ & OP]AT$ BY ,RUSSIANS4 

,AFT] ! ,REVOLUTION ! [N]S ( ,RUSSIAN OIL PROP]TIES FL$ TO ,P>IS1 & !RE OBTA9$ ADVANCES FROM ,FR5* BANKS BY PL$G+ !IR CONFISCAT$ OIL HOLD+S4 ,?US MANY %>ES 9 ,RUSSIAN OIL >E HELD BY ,FR5* BANKS4 

,BELGIANS ALSO PL$G$ !IR OIL %>ES 9 ! SAME MANN]4 ,BE=E ! ,W> ! ,AKV]D(F ,RUSSIAN ,OIL ,COMPANY WAS ACQUIR$ BY ,BELGIANS4 ,! ,AM]ICAN ,/&>D ,OIL ,COMPANY & ! ,FR5* BANK]S PURSU$ A UNIT$ POLICY AT ,G5OA ON ! QUE/ION ( ,RUSSIAN OIL1 DEM&+ ?AT ! ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T %\LD RETURN ALL CONFISCAT$ PROP]TIES4 

,LLOYD ,GEORGE & ! O!R ,BRITI% ,CAPITALI/ REPRES5TATIVES1 EAG]LY DESIR\S ( OBTA9+ ! FULLE/ OPPORTUNITIES = ,BRITI% ,CAPITAL TO PUR*ASE ALL PROP]TIES FROM ! ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T1 DECL>$ ?AT 9 ! 9T]E/S ( DEMOCRATIC GOV]NM5T1 ,RUSSIA MU/ BE ALL[$ TO MA9TA9 ! NATIONALIZATION ( ! OIL PROP]TIES1 PROVID$ %E PAID COMP5SATION TO ?OSE FROM :OM !Y HAD BE5 CONFISCAT$4 ,NATIONALIZATION M]ELY TO SELL AGA9 TO A HI<] BIDD]1 OR MORE P[]FUL 9T]E/1 IS H>DLY A ,COMMUNI/ OR EV5 A DEMOCRATIC PROCE$+2 BUT ,LLOYD ,GEORGE & ! ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T W]E AGRE$ ON ?IS POLICY4 ,HONE/Y GETS %ORT %RIFT 9 9T]NATIONAL POLITICS1 Y\ MU/ KN[ FELL[-WORK]S4 

,BAKU IS IMPORTANT1 NOT ONLY BECAUSE IT IS ! C5T] ( RI* OILFIELDS1 BUT BECAUSE IT IS ! BASE = ! REF9+ & DI/RIBUTION ( ! OIL1 NOT ONLY ( ! ,CAUCASUS1 BUT ( ,NOR? ,P]SIA1 ,TURKE/AN1 & ,SIB]IA4 
,BAT\M4 

,BAT\M IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE IT IS ! PORT FROM :I* ,CAUCASIAN1 ,SIB]IAN1 ,TURKE/AN1 & ,P]SIAN OIL IS %IPP$ WE/W>D4 ,!RE IS AN OIL PIPE-L9E FROM ,BAKU TO ,BAT\M4 ,?IS PIPE IS #ef MILES LONG4 ,IT HAS A DIAMET] ( #h 9*ES4 ,IT REQUIRES N9ETE5 PUMP+-/ATIONS1 & HAS A CAPACITY ( A MILLION TONS A YE>4 

,BAT\M BE=E ! ,W> WAS 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,IT N[ BELONGS TO ! ,/ATE ( ,GEORGIA1 :]E !RE WAS A CLAMOR = SELF-DET]M9ATION :I* WAS CONC$$ BY ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA4 ,GEORGIA PRES5TLY BECAME A ,SOVIET ,REPUBLIC F$]AT$ ) ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA4 ,! 9T]E/ TAK5 9 LITTLE ,GEORGIA BY SOME ( \R ,IMP]IALI/S IS EXPLA9$ BY ! FACT ?AT ,BAT\M IS 9 ,GEORGIA4 ,:OEV] CONTROLS ,GEORGIA CONTROLS ! EXPORT ( OIL FROM ,BAT\M4 ,GEORGIA AS A LITTLE 9DEP5D5T ,/ATE C\LD EASILY BE CO]C$ BY A /RONG] P[] - SAY ! ,BRITI%4 ,GEORGIA F$]AT$ ) ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA W\LD BE UND] ,MOSC['S 9FLU5CE4 

,! ,TURKS >E N[ LAY+ CLAIM TO ,GEORGIA1 & ! ,TURKS >E RECEIV+ ,FR5* SUPPORT4 
,P]SIAN ,OIL4 

,BO? NOR!RN & S\!RN ,P]SIA >E RI* 9 OIL4 ,! ,ANGLO-,P]SIAN ,OIL ,COMPANY - AN ALL-,BRITI% COMPANY1 9 :I* ! ,BRITI% ,GOV]NM5T HOLDS ! MAJORITY ( ! %>ES - MONOPOLIZES ! S\? ,P]SIAN OILFIELDS4 

,! ,ANGLO-,P]SIAN ,OIL ,COMPANY WAS =M$ 9 #aii TO TAKE OV] ! CONCESSION HELD BY ! ,BURMAH ,OIL ,COMPANY & ! LATE ,LORD ,/RA?CONA4 ,?IS CONCESSION HAD BE5 OBTA9$ FROM ! ,P]SIAN ,GOV]NM5T BY A ,MR4 ,D>CY4 ,! ,BURRNAH ,OIL ,COMPANY WAS ALREADY EXPLOIT+ OIL 9 ,BURMAH1 & WAS SUBSIDIZ$ BY ! ,BRITI% ,GOV]NM5T4 ,! ,GOV]NM5T SECUR$ ! CONTROLL+ 9T]E/ 9 ! NEW ,ANGLO-,P]SIAN ,OIL ,COMPANY4 

,! ,ANGLO-,P]SIAN ,OIL ,COMPANY ALSO EXPLOITS OIL 9 ,NOR? ,P]SIA1 & IS 9 COMPETITION !RE ) ! ,AM]ICAN ,/&>D ,OIL ,COMPANY4 ,! ,P]SIAN ,GOV]NM5T REC5TLY GRANT$ ! ,/&>D ,OIL A CONCESSION ON T]RITORY :I* ! ,ANGLO-,P]SIAN CLAIM$ AS ITS [N4 ,! DISPUTE IS O/5SIBLY PAT*$ UP1 BUT ! ,AM]ICANS >E NOT SATISFI$4 
,AM]ICAN ,OIL4 

,! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES WAS ! FIR/ C\NTRY TO MAKE AN EXT5SIVE USE ( FUEL OIL4 ,TO-DAY TWO-?IRDS ( ! WORLD'S OIL PRODUCTION COMES FROM ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES2 BUT :IL/ ! OIL IS BE+ DRAWN FROM ,UNIT$ ,/ATES SOIL AT ! RATE ( #d#e11 B>RELS A YE>1 ! RES]VES ( OIL EXI/+ 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES >E BELIEV$ TO BE ONLY AB\T #g111 B>RELS ?US AT ,AM]ICA'S PRES5T RATE ( CONSUMPTION H] NATIVE OIL SUPPLIES >E SAID TO BE ONLY 5\< TO LA/ AB\T TW5TY YE>S4 

,?IS E/IMATE ( AFFAIRS %\LD BE TAK5 ! SOME RES]VE4 ,AM]ICA IS A VA/ ,CONT95T1 & FUR!R OIL RES]VES >E LIKELY TO BE DISCOV]$ !RE4 ,WE SUSPECT ?AT ,AM]ICAN CAPITALISM IS ADV]TIS+ & EXPLOIT+ ! SITUATION 9 ORD] TO /IMULATE POPUL> 9T]E/ 9 OIL & TO SECURE ,GOV]NM5T ASSI/ANCE 9 SECUR+ =EIGN OIL RES\RCES = ,AM]ICAN ,CAPITALISM TO EXPLOIT1 & !REBY 9CREASE !IR WEAL?4 ,WE SUSPECT ?AT ,BRITI% OIL EXP]TS HAVE ALSO BE5 NOT UNWILL+ TO PROMOTE ! VIEW ?AT !RE IS A LIMIT$ SUPPLY OIL 9 ! WORLD1 & ?AT ! NATION :I* DOES NOT SECURE ITS SUPPLIES E>LY WILL PRES5TLY F9D ITSELF AT ! M]CY ( ITS NEI<BORS :OSE OIL-DRIV5 NAVIES WILL EASILY \TMAT* ITS [N %IPS4 

,BE ?IS AS IT MAY1 ,BRITI% ,CAPITALISM1 & ! ,BRITI% ,GOV]NM5T ITSELF1 HAVE VIGOR\SLY ASSI/$ 9 US+ UP ! SUPPLIES ( ,UNIT$ ,/ATES OIL1 & ! 5T]PRISE HAS1 9CID5TALLY1 BE5 HI<LY PR(ITABLE TO ! CAPITALI/S4 
,BRITI% ,GOV]NM5T'S ,OIL ,PLOT4 

,! BUS9ESS ( SECUR+ ,UNIT$ ,/ATES OIL = ,BRITI% COMPANIES WAS V]Y /EAL?ILY CONDUCT$4 

,A SMALL ,BRITI% MO!R-(-PE>L COMPANY CALL$ ! ,%ELL ,TRANSPORT1 TRAD$ 9 DI/ANT SEAS4 ,AID$ BY ,SIR ,M>CUS ,SAMUEL & BY CAPITAL FROM ! ,RO?S*ILDS1 ! ,%ELL ,TRANSPORT OK UP OIL1 & SOON SECUR$ CONCESSIONS 9 ,RUMANIA1 ,RUSSIA1 ! ,DUT* ,EA/ ,9DIES1 & ,EGYPT4 

,9 #aiaa ! ,MEXICAN ,EAGLE ,COMPANY WAS =M$ BY ! ,PE>SON GR\P1 ) ,LORD ,C[DRAY AT !IR HEAD1 TO DEVELOP ! OILS ( ,MEXICO4 ,! COMPANY2 ACQUIR$ AN 9T]E/ 9 ! RI* ,TAMPICO OILFIELDS ON ! ,GULF ( ,MEXICO1 A MO/ IMPORTANT C5T]1 S9CE1 ?R\< ! CON/RUCTION ( ! ,PANAMA ,CANAL HALF ! WORLD'S L9]S W\LD SOON BE PASS+ ?R\< ! ,C>IBBEAN ,SEA4 ,AM]ICAN ,CAPITALI/S OBJECT$ TO ?IS CONCESSION1 = !Y REG>D ,MEXICO AS !IR SPECIAL SPH]E ( EXPANSION4 ,RIVAL CLAIMANTS TO RUL]%IP 9 ,MEXICO :O HAVE /RUGGL$ OV] ?AT LITTLE REPUBLIC DUR+ REC5T YE>S HAVE BE5 SUBSIDIZ$ BY ! RIVAL OIL 9T]E/S - ! ,BRITI% & ! ,AM]ICAN - & ! /RUGGLE /ILL CONT9UES4 

,9 #a#i#a#b-#a#c ! ,MEXICAN ,EAGLE SECUR$ IMPORTANT CONCESSIONS FROM ! ,GOV]NM5TS ( ,CO/A ,RICA1 ,COLOMBIA1 ,V5EZUELA1 & ,ECUADOR4 ,!SE CONCESSIONS W\LD HAVE BE5 /ILL MORE IMPORTANT 9 REG>D TO SUPPLY+ OIL TO ! %IPS PASS+ ?R\< ! ,PANAMA ,CANAL4 ,AGA9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES PROTE/$1 DECL>+ ?AT ! CONCESSIONS W]E AN 9FR+EM5T ( ! ,MONROE ,DOCTR9E4 ,! ,GOV]NM5TS ( ! LITTLE ,/ATES :I* HAD GRANT$ ! CONCESSIONS )DREW !M 9 FE> ( ! P[] ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 

,! ,BRITI%-,%ELL ,TRANSPORT N[ 5T]$ ! FIELD4 ,IT FIR/ OBTA9$ CONCESSIONS 9 ! ,BRITI% ,COLONY ( ,TR9IDAD1 !N 9 ,V5EZUELA & ,COLOMBIA4 ,?IS TIME ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES DID NOT PROTE/4 ,IT WAS NOT YET REALIZ$ 9 ,AM]ICA ?AT ! ,%ELL ,TRANSPORT ,COMPANY1 ALSO1 WAS WORK+ 9 CONJUNCTION ) ! ,BRITI% ,GOV]NM5T4 ,! ,%ELL ,TRANSPORT VEIL$ ITS ACTIVITIES BY CREAT+ A NUMB] ( SUBSIDI>Y COMPANIES4 ,ONE ( !SE IS ! ,BURL+TON ,9VE/M5T ,COMPANY1 A SUBSIDI>Y COMPANY ( :I* IS ! ,COLON ,DEVELOPM5T ,COMPANY1 A ,BRITI% CONC]N1 BUT =M$ 9 CONJUNCTION ) ! ,AM]ICAN ,C>IB ,SYNDICATE4 

,! ,%ELL ,TRANSPORT DID NOT /OP AT OBTA9+ CONCESSIONS 9 ! SMALL ,/ATES ( ,C5TRAL ,AM]ICA4 ,IT C>RI$ ITS OP]ATIONS 9TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES !MSELVES4 ,! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ,GOV]NM5T1 UNLIKE ! ,BRITI%1 HAD PRES]V$ ! 0OP5 DOOR0 9 REG>D TO OIL )9 ITS BORD]S4 ,! ,%ELL ,TRANSPORT1 OR ANYONE ELSE1 ,AM]ICAN OR =EIGN1 C\LD BUY L& 9 ! ,/ATES1 & IF !RE W]E OIL1 OR ORE DEPOSITS BEL[ ! SURFACE1 IT C\LD [N ?AT WEAL? ) ! L& IT B\<T4 

,AM]ICAN PUBLIC OP9ION WAS *IEFLY CONC]N$ AT ?IS TIME ) ! SPREAD ( ! GREAT ,TRU/S4 ,COMPETITORS ) ! ,/&>D ,OIL ,TRU/ W]E !RE=E SURE ( A WELCOME 9 MANY QU>T]S4 

,! ,%ELL ,TRANSPORT & ! ,ROYAL ,DUT* ,OIL ,COMPANY1 ) :I* ! ,%ELL COMB9$ 9 #a#i#g1 ,SOON SECUR$ OIL CONCESSIONS 9 ,CALI=NIA1 ,OKLAHOMA1 & ,TEXAS4 
,! ,ROYAL ,DUT*-,%ELL ,COMB9E4 

,ALL ?IS WAS BE+ 5G9E]$ BY ! ,PETROLEUM ,COMMITTEE1 ! APPO9TM5T ( :I* ,LORD ,FI%] HAD SECUR$4 ,! ,ROYAL ,DUT* ,OIL ,COMPANY HAD HAD ITS ORIG9AL BASE ( OP]ATIONS 9 ! ,DUT* ,EA/ ,9DIES4 ,FROM #aig ! ,ROYAL ,DUT* & ! ,%ELL ,TRANSPORT AGRE$ TO GRANT EA* O!R #d P] C5T4 ( ! %>ES 9 ALL !IR NEW SUBSIDI>Y UND]TAK+S1 & AN UND]/&+ WAS REA*$ BETWE5 !M ON ALL QUE/IONS ( M>KETS1 PRICES1 FREI<TS1 ETC4 

,:5 W> BROKE \T1 ! ,ROYAL ,DUT*1 LIKE ITS P>TN] 9 ! ,COMB9E1 ! ,%ELL ,TRANSPORT1 PLAC$ ITS RES\RCES AT ! DISPOSAL ( ! ,ALLIES & RECEIV$ 9 RETURN ! PROTECTION ( ! ,BRITI% ,GOV]NM5T1 &1 9CID5TALLY1 ( ITS ,NAVY4 ,?IS UND]/&+ IS SAID TO HAVE BE5 FUR!R /R5G!N$ & CEM5T$ S9CE ! ,W>4 ,! ,DUT* ,GOV]NM5T1 ?\< AT ONE TIME REG>D$ AS PRO-,G]MAN1 HAS PROBABLY ALSO COME )9 ! ORBIT ( ,BRITI% 9FLU5CE1 JU/ AS ,BELGIUM IS 9 ! ORBIT ( ,FR5* 9FLU5CE4 
,A ,RUDE ,AWAK5+ = ,U4,S4 ,OIL ,K+S4 

,DUR+ ! ,W> ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES SUPPLI$ #h P] C5T4 ( ! FUEL OIL US$ BY ! ,ALLIES4 ,! OIL CAPITALI/S ( ,AM]ICA MADE VA/ SUMS ( MONEY1 & W]E ACCLAIM$ = !IR S]VICES TO :AT WAS CALL$ ! CAUSE ( HUMAN LIB]TY4 

,AFT] ! ,W> ! ,AM]ICAN OIL K+S1 OBS]V+ ?AT !IR OILFIELDS HAD PASS$ ! HI<E/ PEAK ( !IR PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY1 BEGAN PROSPECT+ ABROAD4 ,9 ,OCTOB] #a#i#a#i1 ONE ( ! PROSPECTORS ( ,/&>D ,OIL REA*$ ,J]USALEM1 ONLY TO BE >RE/$ BY ! ,BRITI% ,G5]AL 9 COMM& ( ! CITY4 ,PRESID5T ,WILSON PROTE/$ 9 ! NAME ( ! ,F\RTE5 ,PO9TS ?AT !RE %\LD BE 0EQUALITY ( TREATM5T10 ESPECIALLY 9 SU* C\NTRIES AS ,PALE/9E ACTUALLY 0M&AT$0 TO ! ,BRITI% BY ! ,LEAGUE ( ,NATIONS1 = ! PROTECTION & WELF>E ( ! POOR NATIVES1 AS IT WAS PRET5D$4 

,! ,BRITI% ,=EIGN ,(FICE1 ) ITS TONGUE 9 ITS *EEK REPLI$ ?AT !RE WAS NO DISCRIM9ATION AGA9/ ITS NOBLE ,ALLIES1 ! ,AM]ICAN CAPITALI/S1 BECAUSE1 AS A MATT] ( FACT1 ! ,=EIGN ,(FICE HAD PROHIBIT$ PROSPECT+ BY ANYONE4 

,! SAME REPLY GREET$ ! REQUE/ ( ,PRESID5T ,WILSON = ! 0OP5 DOOR0 TO ,AM]ICAN OIL PROSPECTORS 9 ,MESOPOTAMIA4 ,9 ,C5TRAL ,AM]ICA IT WAS DISCOV]$ ?AT ,BRITI% BANKS HAD SECUR$ A CONTROLL+ 9T]E/ 9 C]TA9 OIL COMPANIES ?AT HAD BE5 ?\<T TO BE ,AM]ICAN1 & 9 EV]Y DIRECTION ,AM]ICA'S QUE/ = OIL MET ! CLOS$ DOOR4 

,SOME ,BRITI% PATRIOTS1 EXCESSIVELY IGNORANT1 PLUME !MSELVES ON ! ?\<T ?AT ,BRITA9 IS A ,FREE ,TRADE NATION1 & ?AT !RE=E IT IS = ! GOOD ( HUMANITY ?AT ! ,BRITI% ,EMPIRE %\LD BE SO VA/ ?AT ! SUN NEV] SETS ON IT4 ,H]E WAS AN ILLU/RATION ( ! FATUITY ( SU* FANCIES4 

,ON ,M>* #a?1 #a#i#b1 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ,S5ATE CALL$ = A REPORT UPON 0! MEASURES TAK5 BY =EIGN ,GOV]NM5TS TO EXCLUDE ,AM]ICANS FROM OILFIELDS40 
,BRITI% ,OIL ,K+'S ,BOA/4 

,ONE ( ! ,BRITI% OIL K+S1 ,SIR ,E4 ,MACKAY ,$G>1 REPLI$ TO ?IS *ALL5GE 9 ! 0,TIMES10 EXULT+ OV] ! MANN] 9 :I* ! ,BRITI% ,CAPITALI/ ,GOV]NM5T HAS /OL5 A M>* ON ! ,AM]ICANS3 

0,TO ! TUNE ( MANY MILLIONS ( P\NDS A YE>1 ,AM]ICA1 BE=E V]Y LONG1 WILL HAVE TO PUR*ASE FROM ,BRITI% COMPANIES & TO PAY = 9 DOLL> CURR5CY1 9 9CREAS+ PROPORTIONS1 ! OIL %E CANNOT DO )\T & IS NO LONG] ABLE TO FURNI% FROM H] [N /ORE4 ,I E/IMATE ?AT1 IF !IR PRES5T CURVE ( CONSUMPTION1 ESPECIALLY ( HI<-GRADE PRODUCTS1 IS MA9TA9$1 ,AM]ICANS1 9 T5 YE>S1 WILL BE UND] ! NECESSITY ( IMPORT+ #e MILLION B>RELS ( OIL YE>LY AT #b DOLS4 A B>REL - A V]Y L[ FIGURE - & ?AT MEANS AN ANNUAL PAYM5T ( #a111 P] ANNUM1 MO/1 IF NOT ALL1 ( :I* WILL F9D ITS WAY 9TO ,BRITI% POCKETS4444 ,) ! EXCEPTION ( ,MEXICO &1 TO A LESS] EXT5T1 ( ,C5TRAL ,AM]ICA1 ! \T] WORLD IS SECURELY B>RICAD$ AGA9/ AN ,AM]ICAN 9VASION 9 =CE4 ,!RE MAY BE SMALL ISOLAT$ SALLIES1 BUT !RE CAN NEV] BE A MASS$ ATTACK4 ,! ,BRITI% POSITION IS IMPREGNABLE40 

,ON ,MAY #a#g?1 #a#i#b1 ! ,U4,S4 ,S5ATE RECEIV$ ! REPORT IT HAD CALL$ =1 :I* /AT$ ?AT ! ,BRITI% ,EMPIRE RE/RICT$ ,AM]ICANS FROM EXPLOIT+ OIL )9 ITS T]RITORIES3 

0#a4 ,BY DEB>R+ =EIGN]S & =EIGN NATIONALS FROM [N+ OR OP]AT+ OIL-PRODUC+ PROP]TIES 9 ! ,BRITI% ,ISLES1 ,COLONIES1 & ,PROTECTORATES4 

0#b4 ,BY DIRECT P>TICIPATION 9 [N]%IP & CONTROL ( PETROLEUM PROP]TIES4 

0#c4 ,BY >RANGEM5TS TO PREV5T ,BRITI% OIL COMPANIES FROM SELL+ !IR PROP]TIES TO =EIGN-[N$ OR CONTROLL$ COMPANIES4 

0#d4 ,BY ,ORD]S 9 ,C\NCIL ?AT PROHIBIT ! TRANSF] ( %>ES 9 ,BRITI% OIL COMPANIES TO O!R ?AN ,BRITI% SUBJECTS OR NATIONALS4 

0,BRITI% MONOPOLIES HAVE ALREADY BE5 E/ABLI%$ 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,K+DOM1 ,P]SIA1 ,9DIA1 & MANY O!R C\NTRIES44440 
,U4,S4 ,RETALIATES4 

,! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ,GOV]NM5T WAS N[ DET]M9$ TO RETALIATE4 

,ON ,APRIL #b#h? IT PROCUR$ FROM ! ,S5ATE AU?ORIZATION = ! ,NAVAL ,SECRET>Y TO SET AP>T 0RES]VES0 ( PETROLIF]\S L& 9 ANY ,/ATE1 SU* L& NOT TO BE LEAS$ OR SOLD )\T HIS CONS5T 

,UNIT$ ,/ATES RES5TM5T AT HAV+ BE5 \T-MANEUV]$ 9 ! OIL SCRAMBLE WILL SIMM] UNTIL IT LEADS TO W>4 

,:IL/ ! ,BRITI% ,GOV]NM5T ADMITT$LY [NS HALF ! %>ES 9 ! ,BURMAH ,OIL ,COMPANY & ! ,ANGLO-,P]SIAN ,OIL ,COMPANY1 IT D5IES1 H[EV]1 ?AT IT HAS EI!R ANY F9ANCIAL 9T]E/ OR CONTROL 9 ! MU* L>G] ,ROYAL ,DUT*-,%ELL ,COMB9E1 AL?\< ! ,%ELL & ! ,ANGLO-,P]SIAN HAVE AN AGREEM5T BY :I* ! ,%ELL M>KETS ! PRODUCE ( ! ,ANGLO-,P]SIAN4 ,! ,BRITI% ,GOV]NM5T EV5 D5IES ?AT IT HAS ANY CONTROL OV] ! COMM]CIAL POLICY ( ! ,ANGLO-,P]SIAN ,OIL ,COMPANY1 9 :I* IT HOLDS ! MAJORITY ( %>ES4 ,SU* PROTE/ATIONS >E TREAT$ ) SCORN 9 ,FRANCE & ,AM]ICA1 ! TWO C\NTRIES :]E ! ,BRITI% OIL SEIZURE POLICY IS MO/ RES5T$4 

,AS A MATT] ( FACT1 ! ,GOV]NM5T'S PRET5SE ?AT IT DOES NOT 9T]F]E 9 OIL POLICY IS GROSSLY ABSURD1 BECAUSE ALL ,GOV]NM5TS UND] ,CAPITALISM OBEY ! DICTATES ( ! GREAT ,CAPITALI/S UPON OIL1 AS UPON O!R IMPORTANT MATT]S4 ,! M5 :O CONTROL ! GREAT OIL COMPANIES >E 9 CLOSE T\* ) ! ,GOV]NM5T4 ,GOV]NM5TS FREQU5TLY PRET5D ?AT !Y DO NOT 9T]F]E 9 COMM]CIAL MATT]S1 BUT ! ,=EIGN ,(FICE DIPLOMATI/S ( ALL ! ,GOV]NM5TS >E AT ! DISPOSAL ( !IR GREAT NATIONAL ,CAPITALI/S1 & :5 ! DIPLOMATI/S FAIL TO A*IEVE ! DESIR$ 5D1 ! >MIES & NAVIES >E BR\<T 9TO PLAY = ! SAME ,CAPITALI/ 9T]E/S4 
,! ,G]MANS 9 ,MESOPOTAMIA4 

,BE=E ! ,W> ! ,G]MANS DISCOV]$ OIL 9 ! UPP] VALLEY ( ! RIV] ,TIGRIS1 :I* WAT]S ,MESOPOTAMIA & FL[S S\? TO ! ,P]SIAN ,GULF4 ,! ,G]MANS HAD OBTA9$ FROM ! ,TURKS A CONCESSION TO BUILD A RAILWAY TO ,BA<DAD 7?AT ,B]L9 TO ,BA<DAD RAILWAY OV] :I* !RE WAS SO MU* FRICTION674 ,BY ?IS RAILWAY IT WAS 9T5D$ ?AT ! ,TIGRIS OIL W\LD BE TRANSPORT$4 

,! ,BRITI% OBJECT$ TO ! ,G]MANS DEVELOP+ ?IS OIL4 ,! QU>REL WAS PAT*$ UP = ! TIME BE+ BY CONC$+ ! OILFIELDS TO A FIRM CALL$ ! ,TURKI% ,PETROLEUM ,OIL ,COMPANY1 ! CAPITAL ( :I* WAS TO BE PROVID$ 9 P>T BY ! ,ANGLO-,P]SIAN ,OIL ,COMPANY1 9 P>T BY ! ,ROYAL ,DUT*1 & 9 P>T BY ! ,G]MANS4 ,! ,G]MANS1 AS A MATT] ( FACT1 HELD ONLY #be P] C5T4 ( ! %>ES1 & AFT] ! W> !SE W]E GRANT$ TO ! ,FR5* BY ! ,SAN ,REMO AGREEM5T4 

,! JEAL\SY TO SECURE CONTROL ( ,MESOPOTAMIA & ITS OIL1 & ?IS RAILWAY TO ! ,EA/1 W]E P>T ( ! GREAT RIVALRY ?AT L$ TO ! ,W>4 ,! ,BRITI%1 BY ! ME?OD ( ! MAIL$ FI/1 SECUR$ CONTROL ( ?IS IMPORTANT TRADE R\TE ) ,MESOPOTAMIA & ITS OIL4 
,! ,SAN ,REMO ,AGREEM5T4 

,9 PURSUANCE ( ! ,BRITI% ,IMP]IALI/S' DELIB]ATE POLICY ( SECUR+ WORLD DOM9ATION ?R\< OIL1 !Y SET !MSELVES TO GA9 CONTROL ( ! OIL )9 ! ,FR5* DOM9IONS4 ,! ,SAN ,REMO AGREEM5T1 ?\< PR(ESS$LY A CEM5T+ ( ! FRI5DLY ,5T5TE1 WAS A P>T ( ?IS POLICY4 

,! ,SAN ,REMO AGREEM5T1 ON BEHALF ( ! ,BRITI% & ,FR5* ,GOV]NM5TS1 WAS CONCLUD$ 9 ,APRIL #a#i#b1 BETWE5 ,SIR ,JOHN ,CADMAN1 ! *AIRMAN ( ! ,BRITI% ,PETROLEUM ,EXECUTIVE1 & ,M4 ,PHILIPPE ,B]!LOT1 = ! ,FR5* ,GOV]NM5T4 ,?IS AGREEM5T DEALT ) OIL 9 ,MESOPOTAMIA1 ,GALICIA1 ,RUMANIA1 ,ASIA ,M9OR1 ,RUSSIA1 ! ,FR5* ,COLONIES1 & ,BRITI% ,CR[N ,COLONIES4 

,AS TO ,MESOPOTAMIA1 ! ,FR5* W]E TO GET ONLY ! #be P] C5T4 %>E HELD BY ! ,G]MANS 9 ! ,TURKI% ,PETROLEUM ,COMPANY1 #e P] C5T4 BE+ HELD BY ! ,ANGLO-,P]SIAN ,COMPANY1 & #be P] C5T3 BY ! ,ROYAL ,DUT*-,%ELL4 ,! ,FR5* ,GOV]NM5T WAS TO BE ALL[$ TO PUR*ASE #be P] C5T4 ( ! \TPUT AT M>KET RATES1 & ! COMPANY WAS TO REMA9 UND] P]MAN5T ,BRITI% CONTROL4 ,9 RETURN1 ! ,FR5* ,GOV]NM5T IS TO >RANGE = ! CON/RUCTION1 :5 ! COMPANY DESIRES IT1 ( TWO PIPE-L9ES TO ! ,M$IT]RANEAN1 ?R\< ,FR5* SPH]ES ( 9FLU5CE1 )\T *>G+ ANY ROYALTIES OR WAY-LEAVES = ! OIL TRANSPORT$1 ALSO TO GIVE FACILITIES AT ! T]M9AL PO9TS = ]ECTION ( DEPOTS1 RAILWAY REF9]IES1 LOAD+ :>FS1 ETC4 ,! MAT]IAL NECESS>Y = ! CON/RUCTION %ALL BE FREE FROM IMPORT DUTIES & WAY-LEAVES4 ,! ,FR5* ,>MY ( ,OCCUPATION MU/ GU>ANTEE ! SECURITY ( ! CONC]N4 

,9 ! ,FR5* ,COLONIES ! ,SAN ,REMO AGREEM5T B9DS ! ,FR5* ,GOV]NM5T TO GIVE FACILITIES TO ,FRANCO-,BRITI% COMPANIES = ! ACQUISITION ( OIL CONCESSIONS1 PROVID$ !SE GR\PS CONTA9 AT LEA/ #fg P] C5T4 ( ,FR5* CAPITAL4 ,! ,BRITI% AGRE$ TO GIVE 0SIMIL> ADVANTAGES0 9 ! ,BRITI% ,CR[N ,COLONIES1 0SO F> AS EXI/+ REGULATIONS ALL[40 ,EXI/+ REGULATIONS1 H[EV]1 DEB> O!R ?AN ,BRITI% SUBJECTS FROM HOLD+ OIL CONCESSIONS 9 ,BRITI% T]RITORY1 & ALSO LIMIT ! AM\NT ( %>ES :I* MAY BE HELD BY =EIGN]S4 ,IT IS PRESCRIB$1 = 9/ANCE1 9 ,TR9IDAD1 ?AT NOT MORE ?AN #be P] C5T4 ( ! CAPITAL & VOT+ RI<TS MAY BE HELD BY =EIGN]S1 & ?AT ! *AIRMAN1 MANAG+ DIRECTOR1 & A MAJORITY ( ! O!R DIRECTORS1 MU/ BE ,BRITI%4 ,! B>GA9 IS ?US MO/ DISADVANTAGE\S TO ! ,FR5*4 ,! ,FR5* /IPULATION APPLIES ONLY TO ! CAPITAL 9VE/$ 9 ! CONC]N4 ,! RESULT - ! \TCOME ( V]Y SKILLFUL DIPLOMACY & MANIPULATION BY ! ,BRITI% PETROLEUM MAGNATES - IS ?AT ! NEWLY DISCOV]$ OILFIELDS 9 ,FR5* POSSESSIONS1 9 ,ALG]IA1 ,MOROCCO1 & ,MADAGASC> HAVE BE5 H&$ OV] TO ! ,ROYAL ,DUT*-,%ELL GR\P TO EXPLOIT4 ,BRITI% ,CAPITALI/ ,IMP]IALISM IS NOT MU* CONC]N$ AS TO ! NATIONALITY ( ! MAJORITY ( ! SMALL %>EHOLD]S1 SO LONG AS IT HAS >RANG$ ?AT ! DIRECTORS ( ! COMPANY & ! L>GE HOLD+S :I* ASSURE ! MAJORITY AT ! %>EHOLD]S' MEET+S1 >E UND] !IR CONTROL4 ,! MAJORITY ( ! ,ROYAL ,DUT* %>ES IS ACTUALLY SAID TO BE 9 ,FR5* H&S1 BUT ! COMB9E IS SECURELY UND] ,BRITI% CONTROL4 

,?IS AGREEM5T ) ! ,ROYAL ,DUT* APPLI$1 NOT ONLY TO ! ,FR5* ,COLONIES1 BUT TO ALL C\NTRIES :]E ,FRANCE MI<T HAVE OIL 9T]E/S4 ,! ,SAN ,REMO AGREEM5T APPLI$ ALSO TO ,RUMANIA & TO ,RUSSIA1 :]E ! ,FR5* & ,BRITI% ,GOV]NM5TS AGRE$ TO GIVE JO9T SUPPORT TO !IR RESPECTIVE NATIONALS4 ,H[ ?IS B>GA9 REG>D+ ,RUSSIA WAS BROK5 BY ,BRITI% ,GOV]NM5T REPRES5TATIVES AT ! ,G5OA ,CONF]5CE WE HAVE ALREADY SE54 

,FRANCIS ,DELAISI1 9 HIS BOOK ON 0,OIL10 DECL>ES ?AT ! AGREEM5T TO H& OV] ! EXPLOITATION ( ,FR5* OIL TO ! ,ROYAL ,DUT* WAS WRUNG 0FROM ! ,FR5* ,GOV]NM5T BY A PROMISE BY ,LORD ,CURZON ?AT ! ,FR5* %\LD HAVE ,SYRIA4 ,EMIR ,FEISUL WAS !N REPELL+ ! ADVANCE ( ! ,FR5* 9TO ,SYRIA1 & ,EMIR ,FEISUL WAS SUPPORT$ BY ,BRITI% >MS & MONEY4 ,:5 !SE W]E )DRAWN1 ON ! OIL B>GA9 BE+ CEM5T$1 ! ,FR5* ,G5]AL ,G\RAUD MADE HIS TRIUMPHAL 5TRY 9TO ,DAMASCUS1 :I* WAS ACCLAIM$ BY ! ,FR5* & ,BRITI% NEWSPAP]S4 

,! ,GREEKS HAVE BE5 US$ BY ! ,BRITI% ,GOV]NM5T AS A PAWN AGA9/ ! ,TURKS1 JU/ AS ,FEISUL WAS US$ AGA9/ ! ,FR5*4 ,9 ! LATT] CASE1 ALSO1 ! ,GOV]NM5T IS 9FLU5C$ BY ITS RIVALRY ) ,FRANCE4 ,! ,FR5* 9T]E/S 9 ! ,RUMANIAN OILFIELDS >E AT LEA/ EQUAL TO ! ,BRITI%2 BUT 9 ,RUMANIA1 ALSO1 ! ,ROYAL ,DUT* WILL BE 9 CONTROL4 ,?\< ,FRANCO-,BRITI% COMPANIES WILL BE =M$1 !IR BUS9ESS WILL BE ONLY TO F9D ! CAPITAL4 

,! ,FR5* %>EHOLD]S WILL GR[ RI*] BY ! PROSP]ITY ( ,BRITI% COMPANIES2 BUT ! P[] WILL BE 9 ,BRITI% H&S4 ,! GREAT ONES ( ,FRANCE BITT]LY RES5T ! POSITION4 
,U4,S4,A4 ,OBJECTS TO ,SAN ,REMO ,AGREEM5T4 

,BRITI% ,CAPITALISM HAD GOT ! BETT] ( ,FR5* 9 ! ,SAN ,REMO AGREEM5T1 BUT IT WAS OBVI\S ?AT ! ,AM]ICANS W\LD PROTE/ AGA9/ IT BECAUSE IT W\LD KEEP !M \T ( ALL T]RITORY UND] ,FR5* CONTROL4 ,! AGREEM5T WAS KEPT SECRET AT FIR/1 BUT ( C\RSE IT PRES5TLY BECAME KN[N1 & ( C\RSE ,U4,S4 ,CAPITALISM OBJECT$4 

,! ,AM]ICANS W]E ALREADY REALIZ+ ! DISCRIM9ATION :I* ! ,FRANCO-,BRITI% OIL AGREEM5T WAS CAUS+ AGA9/ !M 9 MANY DIRECTIONS4 ,= 9/ANCE1 DUR+ ! ,W> ! ,BRITI% ,GOV]NM5T1 BY MEANS ( ! ,NAVY1 SEQUE/RAT$ ! OIL-BOATS ( ! ,G]MAN SUBSIDI>Y COMPANY ( ! ,U4,S4 ,/&>D ,OIL ,COMPANY4 ,AS SOON AS ! ,>MI/ICE WAS CONCLUD$1 ! ,/&>D ,OIL ,COMPANY ASK$ = !SE BOATS TO BE H&$ OV] TO IT1 PROMIS+ TO PUT !M AT ! DISPOSAL ( ,FR5* OIL COMPANIES4 ,! ,BRITI% ,GOV]NM5T RESI/$ ! DEM&1 ! ,FR5* GAVE ! ,AM]ICANS LITTLE SUPPORT4 ,A YE> PASS$ 9 NEGOTIATIONS1 DUR+ :I* ,/&>D ,OIL WAS LOS+ PR(ITS IT MI<T HAVE MADE4 ,SU* >E NOT TRIVIAL MATT]S TO ! DIVID5D HUNT]4 

,! ,/&>D ,OIL ,COMPANY1 ON ,APRIL #a/1 #a#i#b1 =M$ A ,FRANCO-,AM]ICAN SUBSIDI>Y COMPANY1 :I* B\<T A MAGNIFIC5T BUILD+ 9 ,P>IS = SEV]AL MILLION P\NDS1 & MADE IMPORTANT OIL CONTRACTS4 ,! ,SAN ,REMO AGREEM5T WAS SIGN$ ON ,APRIL #b#d?1 & V]Y %ORTLY AFT]W>DS ! ,FR5* ,GOV]NM5T REFUS$ TO RECOGNIZE ! CONTRACTS BETWE5 ?IS NEW SUBSIDI>Y COMPANY ( ! ,U4,S4 ,/&>D ,OIL & ITS ,FR5* CU/OM]S4 ,! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ,AMBASSADOR PROTE/$4 ,! ,FR5* ,GOV]NM5T'S ,COMMISSION]1 ,M4 ,LAUR5T ,EYNAC1 REPLI$ AMBIGU\SLY4 ,!N ! TEXT ( ! ,SAN ,REMO AGREEM5T BECAME KN[N2 IT WAS PUBLI%$1 FIR/ UN(FICIALLY1 !N (FICIALLY1 9 0,LE ,TEMPS40 

,! ,U4,S4 ,GOV]NM5T ADDRESS$ A ,NOTE ( PROTE/ TO ,FRANCE & ,BRITA91 DEM&+ ! OP5 DOOR - OR1 9 O!R WORDS1 NO DISCRIM9ATION AGA9/ OIL CONCESSIONAIRES ON ACC\NT ( !IR NATIONALITY4 ,TO PUNI% ! ,FR5*1 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES REFUS$ TO ASSI/ 9 FLOAT+ ! ,9T]NATIONAL LOAN1 BY :I* ! ,FR5* ,GOV]NM5T W\LD REALIZE AT ONCE ! MONEY :I* WAS SUPPOS$ TO BE COM+ TO IT1 9 SOME F> FUTURE1 UND] ! ,G]MAN 9DEMNITIES4 

,NEV]!LESS1 ! ,SAN ,REMO AGREEM5T REMA9$1 BUT ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES IS A P[]FUL FACTOR :I* CANNOT BE ALTOGE!R IGNOR$4 ,LORD ,CURZON1 ! ,BRITI% ,=EIGN ,SECRET>Y1 & ,SIR ,JOHN ,CADMAN PROTE/$1 & /ILL PROTE/1 ?AT ,BRITA9 ALSO BELIEVES 9 ! OP5 DOOR4 ,SU* PROTE/ATION1 ( C\RSE1 FAIL$ TO SATISFY ! ,YANKEES1 & IT WAS NECESS>Y TO ALL[ ,/&>D ,OIL TO RESUME AN OIL CONCESSION 9 ,PALE/9E1 :I* IT HAD POSSESS$ BE=E ! ,W>4 
,AM]ICANS ,KEPT ,\T ( ,DUT* ,OILFIELDS4 

,! ,U4,S4 ,/&>D ,OIL ,COMPANY N[ TURN$ ITS ATT5TION TO ! RI* OILFIELDS ( ,DJAMBI1 9 ! ,DUT* ,EA/ ,9DIES1 A MATT] ( MU* GREAT] IMM$IATE COMM]CIAL IMPORTANCE ?AN ,PALE/9E & ,MESOPOTAMIA4 ,! ,ROYAL ,DUT*-,%ELL ,COMB9E1 ALREADY E/ABLI%$ 9 ! ,DUT* ,EA/ ,9DIES1 WAS DET]M9$ TO BE ! MONOPOLI/ !RE4 

,ON ,APRIL #a#i?1 #a#i#b#a1 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ,M9I/] AT ,! ,HAGUE DELIV]$ A ,NOTE TO ! ,DUT* ,GOV]NM5T1 PROTE/+ AGA9/ ALL ! RI<TS 9 ! ,DJAMBI >EA BE+ GIV5 TO ! ,ROYAL ,DUT*-,%ELL ,COMB9E1 & EXPRESS+ ! ,U4,S4 ,GOV]NM5T'S CONC]N 0?AT A MONOPOLY ( SU* F>-REA*+ IMPORTANCE 9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( OIL IS AB\T TO BE BE/[$ UPON A COMPANY 9 :I* =EIGN CAPITAL1 O!R ?AN ,AM]ICAN1 IS SO L>GELY 9T]E/$40 

,! PROTE/ WAS UNAVAIL+4 ,BRITI% ,GOV]NM5T 9FLU5CE1 & ?AT ( ,DUT* %>EHOLD]S1 WAS TOO /RONG4 ,AT ! 5D ( ,APRIL1 #a#i#b#a1 ! ,DUT* ,/ATES ,G5]AL PASS$ ! ,BILL AW>D+ ! WORK+ ( ! ,DJAMBI OILFIELDS TO ! ,BATAVIA ,OIL ,COMPANY1 A SUBSIDI>Y COMPANY ( ! ,ROYAL ,DUT* 

,! ,DUT* ,GOV]NM5T1 N[ A WEAK SUBSIDI>Y )9 ! ORBIT ( ,BRITI% ,IMP]IAL P[]1 D>$ NOT REFUSE ! B>GA94 

,! ORD9>Y ,DUT*MAN KNEW NO?+ ( ! FACT ?AT ?IS CONCESSION TO ! ,BATAVIA ,OIL ,COMPANY W\LD BE ONE ( ! CAUSES ( ! NEXT W>4 ,?US >E ! PEOPLE P[]LESS TO CONTROL !IR DE/9IES ?R\< ! M$IUM ( ,P>LIAM5T>Y ,GOV]NM5T 9 A ,CAPITALI/ ,/ATE4 
,SIR ,JOHN ,CADMAN'S ,PAT*$-UP ,PEACE ,) ,U4,S4,A4 

,AFT] ! ,DUT* ,EA/ ,9DIES CAME ! CONFLICT BETWE5 ! ,U4,S4 ,/&>D ,OIL ,COMPANY & ! ,ANGLO-,P]SIAN ,OIL ,COMPANY1 REG>D+ ! OIL ( ,NOR!RN ,P]SIA4 ,SIR ,JOHN ,CADMAN WAS 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES AT ! TIME4 ,REMEMB] ?AT IT WAS HE :O SIGN$ ! ,SAN ,REMO AGREEM5T = ! ,BRITI% ,GOV]NM5T1 ?AT HE IS TE*NICAL ADVIS] TO ! ,ANGLO-,P]SIAN ,OIL ,COMPANY1 9 :I* ! ,BRITI% ,ADMIRALTY [NS HALF ! %>ES1 ?AT HE WAS DIRECTOR ( ,HIS ,MAJE/Y'S ,PETROLEUM ,EXECUTIVE1 IS C]TA9LY ON :ATEV] ,OIL ,COMMITTEE ! ,GOV]NM5T IS N[ RUNN+1 & IS ALSO *AIRMAN ( ! ,9T]-,ALLI$ ,PETROLEUM ,EXECUTIVE4 ,SIR ,JOHN ,CADMAN 5DEAVOR$ TO PAT* UP AN OIL PEACE ) ! ,AM]ICANS4 ,AL?\< ! ,GOV]NM5T PRET5DS IT HAS NO OIL POLICY1 ,SIR ,JOHN ,CADMAN MADE AN AGREEM5T = ! EQUAL EXPLOITATION ( ,NOR? ,P]SIA BY ! ,ANGLO-,P]SIAN ,OIL ,COMPANY & ! ,/&>D ,OIL ,COMPANY4 ,! PEACE1 H[EV]1 IS ONLY A PAT*$-UP PEACE4 ,! OIL CONTE/ CONT9UES1 & IT IS ONE ( ! GREAT =CES LEAD+ TO ANO!R W>4 
,:O ,WANTS TO ,RULE ! ,WORLD8 

,! GUID+ PR9CIPLE ( ,CAPITALISM3 ! /UFF ( :I* IT IS MADE IS COMPETITION1 ! /RIFE TO MAKE PR(IT \T ( ONE'S FELL[S1 & TO GR[ RI*] ?AN ONE'S FELL[S4 ,?IS /RIFE1 :I* IS 9H]5T 9 ALL ! RAMIFICATIONS ( SOCIETY1 F9DS ITS F9AL EXPRESSION 9 ! CONTE/ ( GREAT ,EMPIRES = WORLD DOM9ION4 ,! ,BRITI% ,EMPIRE1 ,FRANCE1 & ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES3 !SE >E ! GREAT COMPETITORS TO-DAY1 ?\< ! ,EA/]N NATIONS1 AT PRES5T1 ONLY /RIV+ TO FREE !MSELVES FROM ,WE/]N DOM9ATION1 MAY SPR+ =? AS C&IDATES = WORLD DOM9ION PRES5TLY4 

,! ,ALLI$ ,GOV]NM5TS DECL>$ ?AT ! LA/ W> WAS ! RESULT ( ,G]MANY'S /RIV+ TO RULE ! WORLD4 ,! RUL]S ( ! ,G]MAN ,EMPIRE W]E AS EAG] = WORLD DOM9ION AS >E ! RUL]S ( ! ,BRITI% ,EMPIRE2 BUT ! RUL]S ( ! ,BRITI% ,EMPIRE W]E1 & >E MU* NE>] TO BECOM+ WORLD RUL]S4 ,! ,G]MAN ,EMPIRE WAS ONLY A C&IDATE = WORLD RUL]%IP :I* HAD MADE REM>KABLE PROGRESS1 CONSID]+ ?AT IT WAS A LATE COM] 9 ! RACE4 

,! CONTE/ = WORLD DOM9ION HAS BECOME KE5] S9CE ,G]MANY WAS ELIM9AT$ FROM ! /RUGGLE4 ,! FE>S ( EA* ONE HAS 9T5SIFI$ ?AT1 NOT ITSELF1 BUT ANO!R ONE ( ! RIVALS MAY BECOME ! DOM9ANT P[]1 N[ ?AT ! ?REE GREAT COMPETITORS1 5RI*$ BY ! ,W> & ! SPOILS RUNG FROM ,G]MANY & H] ALLIES1 HAVE 9CREAS$ ! VA/ DIFF]5CE 9 WEAL? & P[] BETWE5 !MSELVES & ! RE/ ( ! WORLD4 ,! CONTE/ = WORLD DOM9ION1 LIKE ! SMALL] CONTE/S ( ,CAPITALISM1 CAN NEV] HAVE A P]MAN5T SOLUTION4 ,EV] NEW CONTE/S WILL1 & MU/1 >ISE SO LONG AS ,CAPITALISM REMA9S4 ,CAPITALISM IS ALWAYS AT W>2 ITS COMPON5T P>TS >E ALWAYS CONT5D+ ) EA* O!R4 

,! PRES5T CRISIS 9 ! ,EA/ MAY RESULT 9 ! ,BRITI% ,EMPIRE ANNEX+ ! ,/RAITS1 AS IT ANNEX$ ,EGYPT & O!R P>TS ( ! ,EMPIRE4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 IT MAY LEAD TO A CONTE/ :I* WILL BREAK UP ! ,BRITI% COMB9ATION ,?IS MAY PROVE TO BE JU/ ONE MORE ( 0,5GL&'S ,LITTLE ,W>S0 TO EXT5D ! B\ND>IES ( ! ,EMPIRE2 BUT ! O!R GREAT RIVALS >E WAT*+ ) JEAL\S VIGILANCE BE MOM5T :5 ! ,BRITI% ,EMPIRE %ALL BE ATTACK$1 &1 IF ITS RIVALS CAN COMPASS ?AT1 DE/ROY$1 & ITS WEAL? DIVID$ AMONG ! O!R COMBATANTS4 ,IF ! ,BRITI% ,EMPIRE SEIZES ! ,/RAITS1 IT MU/ EI!R FI<T ITS P[]FUL RIVALS TO KEEP ! ,/RAITS1 OR IT MU/ BUY (F ! JEAL\SY ( ITS RIVALS BY AGREE+ ?AT !Y %ALL SECURE AN EQUAL ACQUISITION ( WEAL? & P[]1 BY ANO!R !FT FROM ,TURKEY1 OR SOME O!R NATION :I* IS UNABLE TO RESI/4 

,SO ! CONTE/ WILL CONT9UE1 ALWAYS GR[+ FI]C]1 :IL/ ,CAPITALISM CONT9UES4 ,SCI5CE PLACES EV] MORE T]RIBLE MEANS ( W>F>E AT ! DISPOSAL ( ! GREAT COMBATANTS1 ! FEW RI* M5 BEH9D ! ,GOV]NM5TS ( ! ,GREAT ,P[]S1 :O ?R[ ! 5TIRE POPULATIONS ( ! NATIONS 9TO ! /RIFE = !IR 5RI*M5T4 

,IT IS USELESS TO IMAG9E ?AT A *ANGE ( P>TIES1 A *ANGE ( DIPLOMATIC ME?OD1 WILL *ECK ! GIGANTIC CONTE/4 ,! ,LEAGUE ( ,NATIONS ITSELF WILL EI!R REMA9 A CIPH] OR BE US$ AS AN 9/RUM5T 9 ! H&S ( :I* EV] P[] CAN SUCCE$ 9 DOM9AT+ IT4 

,! GREAT ,CAPITALI/S & ,G5]ALS UND]/& ?IS3 ! WORLD CONTE/ PRES5TS ITSELF CLE>LY TO !IR M9DS4 ,!Y PREP>E SY/EMATICALLY & )\T COMPUNCTION = ! /RIFE1 >RANG+ ! W>S 9 :I* ! LIVES ( MILLIONS WILL BE SACRIFIC$ ) ! SAME COOLNESS AS ,CAB9ET ,M9I/]S MANIPULATE A G5]AL ELECTION OR !IR WIVES ORGANIZE BAZA>S4 ,!Y BELIEVE ! /RIFE 9EVITABLE1 & BY ?IS FATALISM1 DIVE/+ !MSELVES ( ALL S5SE ( RESPONSIBILITY1 !Y M]ELY TAKE :AT C>E !Y CAN TO BE ON ! W9N+ SIDE4 

0,W>S WILL NEV] COME TO AN 5D10 SAYS ! SUPPORT] ( ,CAPITALISM2 BUT WE :O >E ,COMMUNI/S KN[ O!RWISE4 ,WE KN[ ?AT W>S WILL CEASE1 BUT ONLY ) ! D[NFALL ( ! ,CAPITALI/ SY/EM4 ,WE KN[1 FUR!R1 ?AT ) ! D[NFALL ( ! ,CAPITALI/ SY/EM ! CO]CION ( NATION BY NATION1 CLASS BY CLASS1 BY :I* ! ,GOV]NM5T ( PRES5T-DAY SOCIETY IS MA9TA9$1 WILL ALSO DISAPPE>4 ,WE KN[ ?AT NO HALF-MEASURES WILL SUFFICE1 & ?AT ! 5TIRE FABRIC ( ,CAPITALISM MU/ BE SWEPT AWAY IF ITS EVILS >E TO BE ELIM9AT$4 ,COMMUNISM & ,CAPITALISM CANNOT DWELL TOGE!R4 ,!RE IS NO HOPE 9 ELIM9AT+ M]ELY ! BIG ,CAPITALI/1 = ! SMALL CAPITALI/ IS CONT9UALLY GR[+ ) PROSP]ITY 9TO ! L>GE CAPITALI/4 

,ONLY COMPLETE ,COMMUNISM CAN SAVE US FROM ,CAPITALISM1 = ,COMMUNISM CANNOT EXI/ AS A HALF-MEASURE4 ,!RE MU/ BE3 

,COMMON [N]%IP ( ! L&1 ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 DI/RIBUTION1 TRANSPORT1 & COMMUNICATION1 & MANAGEM5T BY C\NCILS ( ?OSE :O DO ! ACTUAL WORK4 

,MONEY1 B>T]1 & ALL =MS ( PAYM5T1 & BUY+ & SELL+1 & WAGES MU/ BE ABOLI%$3 ,RATION+ ( ANY SORT CAN ONLY BE TOL]AT$ 9 CASE ( SC>CITY4 ,EA* %ALL GIVE ACCORD+ TO HIS CAPACITY1 EA* %ALL USE ACCORD+ TO HIS NE$S4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,M>* #d1 #bba 3 ,! ,TRU? ,AB\T ! ,OIL ,W> -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #h1 #bbb 3 ,! ,TRU? ,AB\T ! ,OIL ,W> -- ,UPDAT$4 

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