,! ,TRAG$Y AT ,BUFFALO 

#aia 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY DUNCAN C1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C ,LIC5SE 

,= !Y />VE ! LITTLE FRI<T5$ *ILD 

   ,TILL IT WEEPS BO? NI<T & DAY3 

,& !Y SC\RGE ! WEAK1 & FLOG ! FOOL1 

   ,& GIBE ! OLD & GRAY1 

,& SOME GR[ MAD1 & ALL GR[ BAD1 

   ,& NONE A WORD MAY SAY4 

                      --,OSC> ,WILDE4 

,NEV] BE=E 9 ! HI/ORY ( GOV]NM5TS HAS ! S\ND ( A PI/OL %OT SO />TL$1 T]RORIZ$1 & HORRIFI$ ! SELF-SATISFI$1 9DIFF]5T1 CONT5T$1 & 9DOL5T PUBLIC1 AS HAS ! ONE FIR$ BY ,LEON ,CZOLGOSZ :5 HE /RUCK D[N ,WILLIAM ,MC,K9LEY1 PRESID5T ( ! MONEY K+S & TRU/ MAGNATES ( ?IS C\NTRY4 

,NOT ?AT ?IS MOD]N ,CES> WAS ! FIR/ TO DIE AT ! H&S ( A ,BRUTUS4 ,OH1 NO6 ,S9CE MAN HAS TRAMPL$ UPON ! RI<TS ( HIS FELL[ M51 REBELLI\S SPIRITS HAVE BE5 AFLOAT 9 ! ATMOSPH]E4 ,NOT ?AT ,WILLIAM ,MC,K9LEY WAS A GREAT] MAN ?AN ?OSE :O ?RON$ UPON ! FETT]$ =M ( ,LIB]TY4 ,HE DID NOT COMP>E EI!R 9 9TELLECT1 ABILITY1 P]SONALITY1 OR =CE ( *>ACT] ) ?OSE :O HAD TO PAY ! P5ALTY ( !IR P[]4 ,NOR WILL HI/ORY BE ABLE TO RECORD HIS EXTRAORD9>Y K9DNESS1 G5]OSITY1 & SYMPA?Y ) ?OSE :OM IGNORANCE & GRE$ HAVE CONDEMN$ TO A LIFE ( MIS]Y1 HOPELESSNESS1 & DESPAIR4 

,:Y1 !N1 W]E ! MI<TY & P[]FUL ?R[N 9TO SU* CON/]NATION BY ! DE$ ( ,SEPTEMB] #f8 ,:Y ?IS H[L ( A HIR$ PRESS8 ,:Y SU* BLOOD-?IR/Y & VIOL5T UTT]ANCES FROM ! CL]GY1 :OSE USUAL BUS9ESS IT IS TO PREA* 0PEACE ON E>? & GOOD WILL TO ALL08 ,:Y ! MAD RAV+S ( ! MOB1 ! DEM& = RIGID LAWS TO CURTAIL FRE$OM ( PRESS & SPEE*8 

,= MORE ?AN ?IRTY YE>S A SMALL B& ( P>ASITES HAVE ROBB$ ! ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE1 & TRAMPL$ UPON ! FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLES LAID D[N BY ! =EFA!RS ( ?IS C\NTRY1 GU>ANTEE+ TO EV]Y MAN1 WOMAN & *ILD1 0,LIFE1 LIB]TY1 & ! PURSUIT ( HAPP9ESS40 ,= ?IRTY YE>S !Y HAVE BE5 9CREAS+ !IR WEAL? & P[] AT ! EXP5SE ( ! VA/ MASS ( WORK]S1 !REBY 5L>G+ ! >MY ( ! UNEMPLOY$1 ! HUNGRY1 HOMELESS1 & FRI5DLESS PORTION ( HUMANITY1 TRAMP+ ! C\NTRY FROM EA/ TO WE/ & NOR? TO S\?1 9 A VA9 SE>* = WORK4 ,= MANY YE>S ! HOME HAS BE5 LEFT TO ! C>E ( ! LITTLE ONES1 :ILE ! P>5TS >E WORK+ !IR LIFE & /R5G? AWAY = A SMALL PITTANCE4 ,= ?IRTY YE>S ! /URDY SONS ( ,AM]ICA W]E SACRIFIC$ ON ! BATTLEFIELD ( 9DU/RIAL W>1 & ! DAU<T]S \TRAG$ 9 CORRUPT FACTORY SURR\ND+S4 ,= LONG & WE>Y YE>S ?IS PROCESS ( UND]M9+ ! NATION'S HEAL?1 VIGOR1 & PRIDE1 )\T MU* PROTE/ FROM ! DIS9H]IT$ & OPPRESS$1 HAS BE5 GO+ ON4 ,MADD5$ BY SUCCESS & VICTORY1 ! MONEY-P[]S ( ?IS 0FREE L& ( \RS0 BECAME MORE & MORE AUDACI\S 9 !IR HE>TLESS1 CRUEL EF=TS TO COMPETE ) ROTT5 & DECAY$ ,EUROPEAN TYRANNIES 9 SUPREMACY ( P[]4 

,) ! M9DS ( ! Y\NG POISON$ ) A P]V]T$ CONCEPTION ( PATRIOTISM1 & ! FALLACI\S NOTION ?AT ALL >E EQUAL & ?AT EA* ONE HAS ! SAME OPPORTUNITY TO BECOME A MILLIONAIRE 7PROVID$ HE CAN /EAL ! FIR/ HUNDR$ ?\S& DOLL>S71 IT WAS AN EASY MATT] 9DE$ TO *ECK ! DISCONT5T ( ! PEOPLE2 ONE IS !RE=E NOT SURPRIS$ :5 ONE HE>S ,AM]ICANS SAY1 0,WE CAN UND]/& :Y ! POOR ,RUSSIANS KILL !IR CZ>1 OR ! ,ITALIANS !IR K+1 = ?9K ( ! CONDITIONS ?AT PREVAIL !RE2 BUT HE :O LIVES 9 A REPUBLIC1 :]E EA* ONE HAS ! OPPORTUNITY TO BECOME ,PRESID5T ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES 7PROVID$ HE HAS A P[]FUL P>TY BACK ( HIM71 :Y %\LD HE ATTEMPT SU* ACTS8 ,WE >E ! PEOPLE1 & ACTS ( VIOL5CE 9 ?IS C\NTRY >E IMPOSSIBLE40 

,& N[ ?AT ! IMPOSSIBLE HAS HAPP5$1 ?AT EV5 ,AM]ICA HAS GIV5 BIR? TO ! MAN :O /RUCK D[N ! K+ ( ! REPUBLIC1 !Y HAVE LO/ !IR HEADS1 & >E %\T+ V5GEANCE UPON ?OSE :O = YE>S HAVE %[N ?AT ! CONDITIONS H]E W]E BEG9N+ TO BE AL>M+1 & UNLESS A HALT BE CALL$1 DESPOTISM W\LD SET ITS HEAVY FOOT ON ! HI!RTO RELATIVELY FREE LIMBS ( ! PEOPLE4 

,9 VA9 HAVE ! M\?PIECES ( WEAL? D5\NC$ ,LEON ,CZOLGOSZ AS A =EIGN]2 9 VA9 !Y >E MAK+ ! WORLD BELIEVE ?AT HE IS ! PRODUCT ( ,EUROPEAN CONDITIONS1 & 9FLU5C$ BY ,EUROPEAN IDEAS4 ,?IS TIME ! 0ASSASS90 HAPP5S TO BE ! *ILD ( ,COLUMBIA1 :O LULL$ HIM TO SLEEP ) 

0,MY C\NTRY1 'TIS ( !E1 

,SWEET L& ( LIB]TY10 

& :O HELD \T ! HOPE TO HIM ?AT HE1 TOO1 C\LD BECOME ,PRESID5T ( ! C\NTRY4 ,:O CAN TELL H[ MANY TIMES ?IS ,AM]ICAN *ILD HAS GLORI$ 9 ! CELEBRATION ( ! #d? ( ,JULY1 OR ON ,DECORATION ,DAY1 :5 HE FAI?FULLY HONOR$ ! NATION'S DEAD8 ,:O KN[S BUT :AT HE1 TOO1 WAS WILL+ TO 0FI<T = HIS C\NTRY & DIE = H] LIB]TY02 UNTIL IT DAWN$ UPON HIM ?AT ?OSE HE BELONG$ TO HAVE NO C\NTRY1 BECAUSE !Y HAVE BE5 ROBB$ ( ALL ?AT !Y HAVE PRODUC$2 UNTIL HE SAW ?AT ALL ! LIB]TY & 9DEP5D5CE ( HIS Y\?FUL DREAMS >E BUT A F>CE4 ,P]HAPS HE ALSO LE>N$ ?AT IT IS NONS5SE TO TALK ( EQUALITY BETWE5 ?OSE :O HAVE ALL & ?OSE :O HAVE NO?+1 H5CE HE REBELL$4 

0,BUT HIS ACT WAS MAD & C[>DLY10 SAYS ! RUL+ CLASS4 0,IT WAS FOOLI% & IMPRACTICAL10 E*O ALL PETTY RE=M]S1 ,SOCIALI/S1 & EV5 SOME ,AN>*I/S4 

,:AT ABSURDITY6 ,AS IF AN ACT ( ?IS K9D CAN BE MEASUR$ BY ITS USEFULNESS1 EXP$I5CY1 OR PRACTICABILITY4 ,WE MI<T AS WELL ASK \RSELVES ( ! USEFULNESS ( A CYCLONE1 TORNADO1 A VIOL5T ?UND]/ORM1 OR ! CEASELESS FALL ( ! ,NIAG>A WAT]4 ,ALL !SE =CES >E ! NATURAL RESULTS ( NATURAL CAUSES1 :I* WE MAY NOT YET HAVE BE5 ABLE TO EXPLA91 BUT :I* >E NEV]!LESS A P>T ( NATURE1 JU/ AS =CE IS NATURAL & P>T ( MAN & BEA/1 DEVELOP$ OR *ECK$1 ACCORD+ TO ! PRESSURE ( CONDITIONS & MAN'S UND]/&+4 ,AN ACT ( VIOL5CE IS !RE=E NOT ONLY ! RESULT ( CONDITIONS1 BUT ALSO ( MAN'S PSY*ICAL & PHYSICAL NATURE1 & HIS SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ! WORLD SURR\ND+ HIM4 

,DOES NOT ! SUMM] FI<T AGA9/ ! W9T]1 DOES IT NOT RESI/1 M\RN1 & WEEP OCEANS ( TE>S 9 ITS EAG] ATTEMPT TO %IELD ITS *ILDR5 FROM ! ICY GRIP ( FRO/8 ,& DOES NOT ! W9T] 5%R\D ,MO!R ,E>? ) A :ITE1 H>D COV]1 LE/ ! W>M SPR+ SUN%9E %\LD MELT ! HE>T ( ! H>D5$ OLD G5TLEMAN8 ,& DOES HE NOT GA!R HIS LA/ =CES = A BITT] & FI]CE BATTLE = SUPREMACY1 UNTIL ! BURN+ RAYS ( ! SUN DISP]SE HIS RANKS8 

,RESI/ANCE AGA9/ =CE IS A FACT ALL ?R\< NATURE4 ,MAN BE+ P>T ( NATURE1 HE1 TOO1 IS SWAY$ BY ! SAME =CE TO DEF5D HIMSELF AGA9/ 9VASION4 ,=CE WILL CONT9UE TO BE A NATURAL FACTOR JU/ SO LONG AS ECONOMIC SLAV]Y1 SOCIAL SUP]IORITY1 9EQUALITY1 EXPLOITATION1 & W> CONT9UE TO DE/ROY ALL ?AT IS GOOD & NOBLE 9 MAN4 

,?AT ! ECONOMIC & POLITICAL CONDITIONS ( ?IS C\NTRY HAVE BE5 PREGNANT ) ! EMBRYO ( GRE$ & DESPOTISM1 NO ONE :O ?9KS & HAS CLOSELY WAT*$ EV5TS CAN D5Y4 ,IT WAS1 !RE=E1 BUT A QUE/ION ( TIME = ! FIR/ SIGNS ( LABOR PA9S TO BEG94 ,& !Y BEGAN :5 ,MC,K9LEY1 MORE ?AN ANY O!R ,PRESID5T1 HAD BETRAY$ ! TRU/ ( ! PEOPLE1 & BECAME ! TOOL ( ! MONEY$ K+S4 ,!Y BEGAN :5 HE & HIS CLASS HAD /A9$ ! MEMORY ( ! M5 :O PRODUC$ ! ,DECL>ATION ( ,9DEP5D5CE1 BY ! BLOOD ( ! MASSACR$ ,FILIP9OS4 ,!Y GREW MORE VIOL5T AT ! RECOLLECTION ( ,HAZELTON1 ,VIRD51 ,IDAHO1 & O!R PLACES1 :]E CAPITAL HAS WAG$ W> ON LABOR2 UNTIL ON ! #f? ( ,SEPTEMB] ! *ILD BEGOTT51 N\RI%$ & RE>$ BY VIOL5CE1 WAS BORN4 

,?AT VIOL5CE IS NOT ! RESULT ( CONDITIONS ONLY1 BUT ALSO L>GELY DEP5DS UPON MAN'S 9N] NATURE1 IS BE/ PROV5 BY ! FACT ?AT :ILE ?\S&S LOA! TYRANNY1 BUT ONE WILL /RIKE D[N A TYRANT4 ,:AT IS IT ?AT DRIVES HIM TO COMMIT ! ACT1 :ILE O!RS PASS QUIETLY BY8 ,IT IS BECAUSE ! ONE IS ( SU* A S5SITIVE NATURE ?AT HE WILL FEEL A WRONG MORE KE5LY & ) GREAT] 9T5SITY ?AN O!RS4 

,IT IS1 !RE=E1 NOT CRUELTY1 OR A ?IR/ = BLOOD1 OR ANY O!R CRIM9AL T5D5CY1 ?AT 9DUCES SU* A MAN TO /RIKE A BL[ AT ORGANIZ$ P[]4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 IT IS MO/LY BECAUSE ( A /RONG SOCIAL 9/9CT1 BECAUSE ( AN ABUNDANCE ( LOVE & AN OV]FL[ ( SYMPA?Y ) ! PA9 & SORR[ >\ND US1 A LOVE :I* SEEKS REFUGE 9 ! EMBRACE ( MANK9D1 A LOVE SO /RONG ?AT IT %R9KS BE=E NO CONSEQU5CE1 A LOVE SO BROAD ?AT IT CAN NEV] BE WRAPP$ UP 9 ONE OBJECT1 AS LONG AS ?\S&S P]I%1 A LOVE SO ALL-ABSORB+ ?AT IT CAN NEI!R CALCULATE1 REASON1 9VE/IGATE1 HUT ONLY D>E AT ALL CO/S4 

,IT IS G5]ALLY BELIEV$ ?AT M5 PROMPT$ TO PUT ! DAGG] OR BULLET 9 ! C[>DLY HE>T ( GOV]NM5T1 W]E M5 CONCEIT$ 5\< TO ?9K ?AT !Y WILL !REBY LIB]ATE ! WORLD FROM ! FETT]S ( DESPOTISM4 ,AS F> AS ,I HAVE /UDI$ ! PSY*OLOGY ( AN ACT ( VIOL5CE1 ,I F9D ?AT NO?+ C\LD BE FUR!R AWAY FROM ! ?\<T ( SU* A MAN ?AN ?AT IF ! K+ W]E DEAD1 ! MOB WILL CEASE TO %\T 0,LONG LIVE ! K+60 

,! CAUSE = SU* AN ACT LIES DEEP] F> TOO DEEP = ! %ALL[ MULTITUDE TO COMPREH5D4 ,IT LIES 9 ! FACT ?AT ! WORLD )9 ! 9DIVIDUAL1 & ! WORLD >\ND HIM1 >E TWO ANTAGONI/IC =CES1 &1 !RE=E1 MU/ CLA%4 

,DO ,I SAY ?AT ,CZOLGOSZ IS MADE ( ?AT MAT]IAL8 ,NO4 ,NEI!R CAN ,I SAY ?AT HE WAS NOT4 ,NOR AM ,I 9 A POSITION TO SAY :E!R OR NOT HE IS AN ,AN>*I/2 ,I DID NOT KN[ ! MAN2 NO ONE AS F> AS ,I AM AW>E SEEMS TO HAVE KN[N HIM1 BUT FROM HIS ATTITUDE & BEHAVIOR SO F> 7,I HOPE ?AT NO READ] ( 0,FREE ,SOCIETY0 HAS BELIEV$ ! NEWSPAP] LIES71 ,I FEEL ?AT HE WAS A S\L 9 PA91 A S\L ?AT C\LD F9D NO ABODE 9 ?IS CRUEL WORLD ( \RS1 A S\L 0IMPRACTICAL10 9EXP$I5T1 LACK+ 9 CAUTION 7ACCORD+ TO ! DICTUM ( ! WISE72 BUT D>+ JU/ ! SAME1 & ,I CANNOT HELP BUT B[ 9 REV]5T SIL5CE BE=E ! P[] ( SU* A S\L1 ?AT HAS BROK5 ! N>R[ WALLS ( ITS PRISON1 & HAS TAK5 A D>+ LEAP 9TO ! UNKN[N4 

,HAV+ %[N ?AT VIOL5CE IS NOT ! RESULT ( P]SONAL 9FLU5CE1 OR ONE P>TICUL> IDEAL1 ,I DEEM IT UNNECESS>Y TO GO 9TO A L5G?Y !ORETICAL DISCUSSION AS TO :E!R ,AN>*ISM CONTA9S ! ELEM5T ( =CE OR NOT4 ,! QUE/ION HAS BE5 DISCUSS$ TIME & AGA91 & IT IS PROV5 ?AT ,AN>*ISM & VIOL5CE >E AS F> AP>T FROM EA* O!R AS LIB]TY & TYRANNY4 ,I C>E NOT :AT ! RABBLE SAYS2 BUT TO ?OSE :O >E /ILL CAPABLE ( UND]/&+ ,I W\LD SAY ?AT ,AN>*ISM1 BE+1 A PHILOSOPHY ( LIFE1 AIMS TO E/ABLI% A /ATE ( SOCIETY 9 :I* MAN'S 9N] MAKE-UP & ! CONDITIONS >\ND HIM1 CAN BL5D H>MONI\SLY1 SO ?AT HE WILL BE ABLE TO UTILIZE ALL ! =CES TO 5L>GE & BEAUTIFY ! LIFE AB\T HIM4 ,TO ?OSE ,I W\LD ALSO SAY ?AT ,I DO NOT ADVOCATE VIOL5CE2 GOV]NM5T DOES ?IS1 & =CE BEGETS =CE4 ,IT IS A FACT :I* CANNOT BE DONE AWAY ) ?R\< ! PROSECUTION ( A FEW M5 & WOM51 OR BY MORE /R+5T LAWS-?IS ONLY T5DS TO 9CREASE IT4 

,VIOL5CE WILL DIE A NATURAL DEA? :5 MAN WILL LE>N TO UND]/& ?AT EA* UNIT HAS ITS PLACE 9 ! UNIV]SE1 & :ILE BE+ CLOSELY L9K$ TOGE!R1 IT MU/ REMA9 FREE TO GR[ & EXP&4 

,SOME PEOPLE HAVE HA/ILY SAID ?AT ,CZOLGOSZ'S ACT WAS FOOLI% & WILL *ECK ! GR[? ( PROGRESS4 ,?OSE WOR?Y PEOPLE >E WRONG 9 =M+ HA/Y CONCLUSIONS4 ,:AT RESULTS ! ACT ( ,SEPTEMB] #f WILL HAVE NO ONE CAN SAY2 ONE ?+1 H[EV]1 IS C]TA93 HE HAS W\ND$ GOV]NM5T 9 ITS MO/ VITAL SPOT4 ,AS TO /OPP+ ! :EEL ( PROGRESS1 ?AT IS ABSURD4 ,IDEAS CANNOT BE RET>D$ BY RE/RA9T4 ,& AS TO PETTY POLICE P]SECUTION1 :AT MATT]8 

,AS ,I WRITE ?IS1 MY ?\<TS W&] TO ! DEA?-CELL AT ,AUBURN1 TO ! Y\NG MAN ) ! GIRLI% FACE1 AB\T TO BE PUT TO DEA? BY ! CO>SE1 BRUTAL H&S ( ! LAW1 WALK+ UP & D[N ! N>R[ CELL1 ) COLD1 CRUEL EYES FOLL[+ HIM1 

,:O WAT* HIM :5 HE TRIES TO WEEP1 

   ,& :5 HE TRIES TO PRAY2 

,:O WAT* HIM LE/ HIMSELF %\LD ROB 

   ,! PRISON ( ITS PREY4 

,& MY HE>T GOES \T TO HIM 9 DEEP SYMPA?Y1 & TO ALL ! VICTIMS ( A SY/EM ( 9EQUALITY1 & ! MANY :O WILL DIE ! =]UNN]S ( A BETT]1 NOBL]1 GR&] LIFE4 

,EMMA ,GOLDMAN 

,S\RCE3 ,FIR/ ,PUBLI%$3 ,FREE ,SOCIETY1 ,OCTOB]1 #a#i#a4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
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