,VOLUME #a1 ,P>T #d1 ,*APT] #b 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 

,TEXT 3 

,*,A,P,T,] #b4 ,! ,9SURRECTION ( ,JUNE #b1 #agic 

,! ,R,E,V,O,L,U,T,I,O,N ,9 ,L,I,M,B,O 

,! P]IOD FROM LATE #agib TO E>LY #agic WAS M>K$ BY AN UNEASY TRUCE1 BROK5 BY GR[+ ]UPTIONS ( DIFF]5CES BETWE5 ! ,GIROND9S & ! ,MONTAGN>DS 9 ! ,CONV5TION1 & 9CREAS+ T5SION BETWE5 ! RADICAL SECTIONS & ALL O!R GOV]NM5TAL 9/ITUTIONS4 

,! DIRECT DEMOCRACY1 EMBODI$ BY ! ,P>ISIAN SECTIONS1 HAD ESS5TIALLY BECOME A POPUL> DUAL P[] ?AT CONFRONT$ ! REPUBLICAN /ATE1 EMBODI$ BY ! ,CONV5TION4 ,?IS HI/ORIC CONFRONTATION WAS BLURR$ BY ! POLITICAL CONFLICT BETWE5 ! TWO P>LIAM5T>Y FACTIONS 9 ! NATIONAL GOV]NM5T4 ,! ,GIROND9S N[ DETE/$ ,P>IS & ADDRESS$ !MSELVES PRIM>ILY TO ! PROV9CES 9 H>% OPPOSITION TO ! RADICALS 9 ! CAPITAL4 ,! ,MONTAGN>DS1 9 TURN1 DID NOT HESITATE TO APPEAL TO ! RADICAL SANS-CULOTTES :5 !Y NE$$ !M1 ALBEIT NOT )\T FE> ?AT ! ,REVOLUTION MI<T SLIP \T ( ! H&S ( ! ,CONV5TIONNELS 9TO ?OSE ( ! SECTIONNAIRES4 ,?US1 :5 ! SECTIONS E>LY 9 ,M>* #agic DEM&$ ! E/ABLI%M5T ( A ,REVOLUTION>Y ,TRIBUNAL TO EXACT SWIFT JU/ICE ON ALL SUSPECTS1 IT WAS ,DANTON1 SPEAK+ = ! ,MONTAGN>DS1 :O TOOK UP ! CALL 9 ! ,CONV5TION & SAW TO ITS =MATION4 ,ALAS1 MON?S LAT]1 IT WAS TO BE ?IS 9/ITUTION ?AT BEGAN TO TRY ! POPUL> LEAD]S ( ! SECTIONS &1 9 ! FOLL[+ YE>1 TO S5D ,DANTON & HIS SUPPORT]S TO ! SCAFFOLD4 

,! ,GIROND9S1 = !IR P>T1 W]E BECOM+ 9CREAS+LY LOA?SOME TO ! RADICAL SECTIONS4 ,BASICALLY1 !SE PROV9CIAL DEPUTIES W]E CONV9C$ ?AT ! ,REVOLUTION HAD GONE F> 5\< 9 FULFILL+ ITS TASKS & ?AT IT %\LD BE >RE/$1 EV5 ROLL$ BACK1 IF POSSIBLE1 TO A MOD]ATE REPUBLIC4 ,BY ! SAME TOK51 ! RADICAL SECTIONS W]E CONV9C$ ?AT ! ,REVOLUTION HAD NOT GONE F> 5\< 9 FO/]+ DEMOCRACY1 & DEM&$ A MORE EQUITABLE DI/RIBUTION ( ! MEANS ( LIFE1 SU* AS ! GREAT] AVAILABILITY ( CONSUM] GOODS AT REASONABLE PRICES4 

,! FACT ?AT ! ,CONV5TION MET 9 ,P>IS CONT9U$ TO DISMAY ! ,GIROND9S1 S9CE IT LEFT ! BODY VULN]ABLE TO POPUL> PRESSURE FROM >M$ RADICAL SANSCULOTTES4 ,AT EA* OPPORTUNITY1 ! DEPUTIES NOT ONLY PORTRAY$ ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE & ! SECTIONS AS IRRESPONSIBLE EXTREMI/S & BLOOD?IR/Y 0,SEPTEMBRI/S10 BUT /EADILY ESCALAT$ !IR ATTEMPTS TO TURN ! DEP>TM5TS AGA9/ ! CAPITAL4 

,MOREOV]1 ! CONFLICT BETWE5 ! SECTIONAL DEMOCRACY & ! C5TRAL AU?ORITIES WAS ALSO COMPLICAT$ BY ! CIVIL W> RAG+ 9 ! WE/]N P>T ( ! C\NTRY4 ,AFT] ! ,CONV5TION ISSU$ A MILIT>Y LEVY = #c1 M5 ON ,FEBRU>Y #b#c1 #a#g#i#c1 ! WE/ ( ,FRANCE ]UPT$ 9 VIOL5T DEFIANCE ( ! ,REPUBLIC'S CALL TO >MS1 TO ! ANG] ( ! RADICALS & EV5 MANY MOD]ATES4 ,9 ! ,V5DEE DEP>TM5T & 9 ,BRITTANY1 MAJOR REVOLTS BROKE \T1 AS PEASANTS1 L$ BY LOCAL REFRACTORY PRIE/S1 REFUS$ TO BE CONSCRIPT$ 9TO ! REVOLUTION>Y >MY4 ,MASSACR+ LOCAL REPUBLICANS1 !Y OP5LY F\<T ! ,NATIONAL ,GU>D & CONNIV$ ) ,BRITA9 AGA9/ REVOLUTION>Y ,FRANCE4 ,NOR W]E O!R P>TS ( ! C\NTRY SP>$ SIMIL> PEASANT UPRIS+S1 :I* 9 ,P>IS W]E G5]ALLY BLAM$ ON ! ,GIROND9S--9 SOME CASES NOT )\T GOOD REASON4 

,! ,CONV5TION RESPOND$ TO ! REVOLTS BY FUR!R C5TRALIZ+ ITS AU?ORITY ?R\< A S]IES ( IMPORTANT EM]G5CY DECREES4 ,ON ,M>* #i1 IT SELECT$ EI<TY ,CONV5TION MEMB]S1 MO/ ( :OM W]E ,JACOB9S1 TO FUNCTION AS 0REPRES5TATIVES ON MISSION0 TO ! >MY & ! TR\BL$ >EAS ( ! C\NTRY1 5D[+ !M ) P[]S TO CRU% ! REBELLIONS AT ANY CO/ & BY ANY MEANS :ATEV]4 ,/ILL ANO!R DECREE EMP[]$ MILIT>Y COMMISSIONS TO EXECUTE ANYONE :O RESI/$ ! LEVY1 AS WELL AS TMIGRIS :O RETURN$ TO ,FRANCE4 ,ALL REBELS :O W]E CAPTUR$ BE>+ >MS W]E TO BE KILL$1 & ANY PRIE/ :O HAD BE5 D5\NC$ BY SIX CITIZ5S WAS TO BE DEPORT$4 

,B>ELY TWO WEEKS LAT]1 ON ,M>* #b#a1 ! ,CONV5TION *>G$ EA* SECTION & COMMUNE 9 ! C\NTRY TO ELECT A WAT* COMMITTEE _<COMITI DE SURVEILLANCE7 ) A VIEW T[>D MA9TA9+ LOCAL SURVEILLANCE1 SE>*+ H\SES = HO>D]S1 R\ND+ UP SUSPECT$ C\NT]REVOLUTION>IES1 & 5=C+ OB$I5CE TO SECTIONAL DECISIONS4 ,ON ,APRIL #f IT CREAT$ A N9E-MEMB] ,COMMITTEE ( ,PUBLIC ,SAFETY :I* WAS SOON TO BECOME ITS FAM\S--& MU* MALIGN$--EXECUTIVE AU?ORITY1 ) SWEEP+ P[]S TO CRU% ! C\NT]REVOLUTION & 9NOVATE NEW SOCIAL POLICIES = ! ,REVOLUTION4 

,9ITIALLY1 !SE REPRESSIVE & C5TRALIZ+ MEASURES HAD LITTLE EFFECT ON DEAL+ ) ! C\NT]REVOLUTION OR ! W>4 ,! PROV9CIAL REBELS1 UNDET]R$ BY ACTIONS 9 ,P>IS1 PROCE$$ RAPIDLY TO CAPTURE T[N AFT] T[N & SOON SWELL$ 9TO A MAJOR =CE1 MOBILIZ+ AN E/IMAT$ =TY-FIVE ?\S& M51 :O VA/LY \TNUMB]$ ! FIFTE5 ?\S& REPUBLICANS :O HAD BE5 S5T FROM ,P>IS TO QUELL !M4 ,! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE1 9 TURN1 WAS DRAWN 9TO ! SECTIONS' REVOLUTION>Y VORTEX AS ! POLITICAL CRISIS 9 ! CAPITAL 9T5SIFI$ & AS ! C\NT]REVOLUTION DEEP5$ 9 ! PROV9CES4 ,NO LONG] DID ! ,COMMUNE EMBODY ! 9CREAS+LY RADICALIZ$ SECTIONAL DEMOCRACY1 AS HAD BE5 ! CASE AFT] ! ,AUGU/ #a J\RNDE4 ,TO ! DEGREE ?AT ! RADICAL ORD9>Y LABOR]S OR BRAS TIUS MOV$ TO ! =EFRONT ( ! CONFLICT ) O!R 9/ITUTIONS1 ITS ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL--:I* WAS COMPOS$ ( ?REE MORE OR LESS WELL-TO-DO DELEGATES FROM EA* SECTION--BECAME MORE FE>FUL ( ! MASSES & MORE MOD]ATE 9 ITS POLICIES4 

,?IS GR[+ VORTEX ( T5D5CIES & C\NT]T5D5CIES 9 ! ,REVOLUTION PRODUC$ MAJOR *ANGES1 P>TICUL>LY 9 ,P>IS1 ?AT BEGAN TO ?R[ ONCE-UNIT$ POLITICAL =CES 9TO GR[+ CONFLICT ) EA* O!R4 ,) ITS 9FLU5TIAL DEPUTY PROCUREUR ,HUB]T1 NO LESS ?AN ITS PROCUREUR ,ANAXAGORAS ,*AUMETTE1 SITT+ ON ITS ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL1 ! ,COMMUNE TRI$ TO MA9TA9 TIES BO? TO ! 5RAGDS 9 ! SECTIONS & TO ! RELATIVELY PRUD5T ,MONTAGN>DS 9 ! ,CONV5TION4 ,!SE TWO T5D5CIES W]E BASICALLY HO/ILE T[>D EA* O!R & W]E NEV] TO BE RECONCIL$4 ,! ,COMMUNE1 9 TURN1 LIKE ! ,MONTAGN>DS1 9CREAS+LY DI/RU/$ ! SECTIONS ?AT W]E 9FLU5C$ BY ! 5RAGES2 9 FACT1 IT SEEM$ TO FE> ANY SECTIONS ?AT IT C\LD NO LONG] CONTROL4 ,YET1 IF IT C\LD TRU/ NEI!R ! 5RAGDS NOR ! ,JACOB9S1 IT WAS OBLIG$ TO RETA9 SUFFICI5T 9FLU5CE OV] ! POPUL> MOVEM5T 9 ,P>IS TO MA9TA9 ITSELF AGA9/ COMPLETE ,MONTAGN>D CONTROL1 :I* W\LD HAVE DE/ROY$ ITS 9DEP5D5CE1 IF NOT ITS V]Y ID5TITY4 ,?US1 AP>T FROM ! ,GIROND9S1 :O RELI$ = SUPPORT ON ! MOD]ATE C5T] 9 ! ,CONV5TION 7OR 0M>%10 AS IT WAS CALL$71 ! PROV9CES1 & A FEW ( ! CONS]VATIVE SECTIONS1 ALL ! DIFF]5T T5D5CIES 9 ,P>IS W]E MAK+ FRAGILE AD HOC ALLIANCES ?AT W]E READILY BROK51 & BASICALLY PLAY$ ONE POLITICAL GR\P AGA9/ ANO!R 9 ORD] TO RETA9 OR 5HANCE !IR P[]4 ,PUT BLUNTLY3 ! ,REVOLUTION HAD COME TO A CROSSROADS1 & ITS DIRECTION--:E!R IT W\LD MOVE LEFTW>D OR RI<TW>D--WAS PAT5TLY UNC]TA94 

,AS ! W> EF=T FALT]$1 AS BREAD PRICES ROSE1 & AS C\NT]REVOLUTION SPREAD 9 ! PROV9CES1 ! DISCONT5T ( ! SANS-CULOTTES1 ESPECIALLY ! BRAS NUS1 9 ,P>IS 9CREAS$ 9 DIRECT PROPORTION TO ! EVID5T 9/ABILITY ( ALL ! EXI/+ 9/ITUTIONS--! ,COMMUNE NO LESS ?AN ! ,CONV5TION--TO C>RY ! ,REVOLUTION =W>D4 ,AT L5G?1 ON ,M>* #a1#a#g#i#c1,V>LET & O!R 5RAGES TRI$ TO /AGE AN 9SURRECTION AGA9/ ! ,CONV5TION1 PRESUMABLY ) ! 9T5TION ( REMOV+ ITS ,GIROND9 MEMB]S & M9I/]S1 AS WELL AS >MY (FIC]S :OSE LOYALTY TO ! REPUBLIC WAS SUSPECT4 ,! FAILURE ( ! J\RNDE CAN BE ATTRIBUT$ TO LACK ( SUPPORT :I* ! 9SURRECTION>IES HAD HOP$ TO RECEIVE FROM ! ,JACOB9 ,CLUB1 ! ,NATIONAL ,GU>D &1 TO BE SURE1 ! ,COMMUNE1 :I* ,V>LET DID NOT HESITATE TO ACCUSE ( 09FECTION ) >I/OCRACY40.<#c#e.> ,9 FACT1 ,SANT]RE1 ! ,NATIONAL ,GU>D COMM&]1 MOBILIZ$ N9E ?\S& ,GU>DSM5 TO DEPLOY AGA9/ ! REBELS & RE/ORE ORD]4 

,DESPITE ITS FAILURE1 H[EV]1 ! J\RNDE E/ABLI%$ A PREC$5T3 ! SECTIONS MI<T ONE DAY1 BY %E] =CE ( NUMB]S1 BE ABLE TO 9TIMIDATE ! SEEM+LY 9VIOLABLE ,CONV5TION & GET IT TO DO !IR BIDD+4 ,9 ,CONV5TION DEBATES ! FAIL$ J\RNIE BECAME MORE FODD] = ! GR[+ RIVALRY BETWE5 ! ,GIROND9S & ! ,MONTAGN>DS4 ,! ,GIROND9S PORTRAY$ IT AS YET ANO!R ATTEMPT ON ! P>T ( ! BLOOD?IR/Y ,P>ISIAN DEPUTIES TO MASSACRE !M1 :ILE ! ,MONTAGN>DS C\LD TRU?FULLY CLAIM ?AT !Y HAD NO?+ TO DO ) IT4 ,)9 ! ,COMMUNE1 ,HUB]T & ,*AUMETTE1 NOT TO BE \TDONE BY ! ,GIROND9S & ! ,M\NTA91 *>G$ ! 9SURRECTION>IES ( PLOTT+ ) ,PRUSSIA & ,BRITA91 A PREPO/]\S ACCUSATION AMONG ! MANY ?AT W]E BE+ MADE AT ! TIME1 & ONE ?AT FUR!R ALI5AT$ ! RADICALS FROM ! MUNICIPAL BODY4 

,A FEW DAYS AFT] ! ABORT$ 9SURRECTION1 ,V>LET DEFIANTLY APPE>$ BE=E ! ,JACOB9 ,CLUB & *A/IS$ ITS MEMB]S = !IR FAILURE TO SUPPORT ! UPRIS+1 H>%LY CONTRA/+ !IR BEHAVIOR ) ! BOLD WOM5 ( ! ,OCTOB] #e J\RNIE :O HAD BR\<T ! K+ BACK TO ,P>IS4 ,NOR W\LD ! ,M>* 9SURRECTION BE ! LA/ ONE1 ,V>LET PO9T$LY W>N$ !M4 ,IT WAS N[ CLE> ?AT ! ,M>* UPRIS+ WAS ESS5TIALLY A DRESS REHE>SAL = A MORE F>-REA*+ ONE3 A F9AL RECKON+ BETWE5 ALL ! CONT5D+ =CES1 P>TICUL>LY ! BRAS NUS & ! ,CONV5TION4 

,&1 9DE$1 ! DIFF]5CES BETWE5 ! RADICAL SECTIONS & ! ,CONV5TION C\LD BE RESOLV$ 9 FAVOR ( ! SECTIONS ONLY BY A NEW 9SURRECTION3 ?AT IS1 A 0?IRD REVOLUTION40 ,9 E>LY #a#g#i#c1 ?IS EXPRESSION WAS MU* 9 VOGUE AMONG V>I\S POLITICAL T5D5CIES4 ,= ! ,GIROND9S1 :O US$ IT 9 !IR ORATORY AT ! ,CONV5TION1 ! ?IRD REVOLUTION PORT5D$ AN 9SURRECTION>Y RESURG5CE ( ! ,P>ISIAN 0AN>*I/ES40 0,AS ,I HAVE BE5 SAY+ EV] S9CE ?IS ,CONV5TION BEGAN10 ,BRISSOT OBS]V$ ON ,M>* #b#d1#a#g#i#c1 

WE HAVE TO PUT AN 5D TO ! ?IRD REVOLUTION1 ! REVOLUTION ( AN>*Y4 ,WE WILL ONLY BE ABLE TO F9I% IT (F BY E/ABLI%+ A GOOD CON/ITUTION 9 PLACE ( ?IS SY/EM ( DISORGANIZATION & ( DESPOTISM1 :I* SOME PEOPLE W\LD LIKE TO P]PETUATE4.<#c#f.> 

,TO ,DANTON1 9 HIS MORE MILITANT ,JACOB9 PO/URE1 A ?IRD REVOLUTION W\LD HAVE MEANT A CURTAIL+ ( ! ,GIROND9S1 :O1 DESPITE HIS OV]TURES TO !M1 P]SI/5TLY REFUS$ TO COLLABORATE ) ! ,M\NTA94 ,TO ,HUB]T & HIS ASSOCIATES ON ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE & 9 ! W> M9I/RY1 ! EXPRESSION W\LD HAVE SUMM>IZ$ !IR ATTEMPTS TO 5HANCE !IR [N WAN+ REVOLUTION>Y PRE/IGE & F9D M9I/]IAL PLACES 9 ! NATIONAL GOV]NM5T4 ,BUT TO ,V>LET & HIS SUPPORT]S1 A ?IRD REVOLUTION CLE>LY MEANT AN 9SURRECTION ?AT W\LD SUCCESSFULLY OV]?R[ ! ,CONV5TION & E/ABLI% A DIRECT DEMOCRACY ?R\<\T ,FRANCE4 

,! ,E,V,E,*,E ,A,S,S,E,M,B,L,Y 

,IF ANY S+LE EV5T C\LD BE SAID TO HAVE BROK5 ! POLITICAL DEADLOCK ?AT EXI/$ 9 ,P>IS1 IT WAS PROBABLY ,G5]AL ,DUM\RIEZ'S D5UNCIATION ( ! ,REVOLUTION & HIS ATTEMPT AT ! BEG9N+ ( ,APRIL TO M>* ON ! CAPITAL1 RE/ORE ! K+1 & REE/ABLI% ! ,CON/ITUTION ( #a#g#i#a4 ,ONLY ! REFUSAL ( ! >MY TO FOLL[ HIM PREV5T$ ! C\NTRY FROM PLUNG+ 9TO A CIVIL W> ( MONUM5TAL PROPORTIONS1 POSSIBLY LEAD+ TO ! DEFEAT ( ! ,REPUBLIC4 ,?AT ,DUM\RIEZ WAS WRONGLY ID5TIFI$ 9 ! PUBLIC M9D ) ! ,GIROND9S 7HE WAS1 9 FACT1 MORE ( A CON/ITUTIONAL MON>*I/ ?AN A REPUBLICAN7 HEI<T5$ ! S5TIM5T ?AT !RE WAS TREASON AT HOME1 9 ! V]Y HE>T ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 & ?AT EXTRAORD9>Y MEASURES W]E NE$$ TO EXTIRPATE ! DANG]S ?AT CONFRONT$ ,P>IS FROM 0ROYALI/0 ,CONV5TIONNELS & FROM SUSPECT MILIT>Y LEAD]S4 

,FAC$ ) ! RIS+ POLITICAL FEV] ( ! PEOPLE1 ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE1 R\S$ \T ( ITS LE?>GY1 BEGAN TO R\ND UP MORE SUSPECT$ C\NT]REVOLUTION>IES & CONDUCT MORE H\SE SE>*ES4 ,BUT MANY SECTIONS N[ FELT ?AT SU* MEASURES W]E HALF-HE>T$--?AT !Y NE$$ AN EXTRALEGAL BODY TO MEET ! COM+ CRISIS1 ONE ?AT WAS MORE RESOLUTE & REVOLUTION>Y ?AN ! ,COMMUNE2 9 FACT1 A BODY ?AT C\LD BYPASS ! ,P>IS MUNICIPAL AU?ORITIES1 ! ,CONV5TION1 & ITS EXECUTIVE COMMITTEES TO 5GAGE 9 EFFECTIVE POLITICAL & ECONOMIC ACTION4 

,ON ,M>* #bg ! SECTION ,DROITS DE L',HOMME1 /RONGLY 9FLU5C$ BY ITS SECRET>Y1 ,V>LET1 PASS$ A RESOLUTION DECRY+ 0! DANG]S FAC+ ,FRANCE0 & SUMMON+ ,P>ISIANS TO 0SAVE ! C\NTRY & LIB]TY0 FROM ! 0LIB]TY-KILL+ FACTION40.<#c#g.> ,IT CALL$ UPON ALL ! SECTIONS TO S5D COMMISSION]S TO A MEET+ AT ! FIVE*E1 ! EXPROPRIAT$ PALACE ( ! CITY'S >*BI%OP4 

,NOM9ALLY1 ! PURPOSE ( ! MEET+ WAS TO DISCUSS A =C$ LOAN ?AT HAD BE5 IMPOS$ 9 ORD] TO WAGE ! W>4 ,BUT ! REAL1 & DECID$LY SECRET1 9T5TION ( ! MEET+ WAS TO TAKE =CEFUL MEASURES TO PURGE ! ,CONV5TION ( ! ,GIROND9S & !IR SUPPORT]S :O W]E FOM5T+ CIVIL W> 9 ! C\NTRY4 ,9DE$1 IF ,V>LET HAD HIS WAY1 ! ,EVE*E ,COMMITTEE W\LD TRY TO OV]?R[ ! ,CONV5TION ITSELF4 ,ON ,APRIL #a1 DELEGATES FROM ! TW5TY-SEV5 ,P>ISIAN SECTIONS ?AT HAD S5T COMMISSION]S TO ! ,EVE*E =MALLY CON/ITUT$ !MSELVES 9TO AN EXTRALEGAL BUT PUBLIC 0,C5TRAL ,ASSEMBLY ( ,PUBLIC ,SAFETY & ( ,CORRESPOND5CE ) ! ,DEP>TM5TS10 :I*1 9 %ORT ORD]1 OP5$ ! DOORS ( ! FIVE*E TO SOME FIVE OR SIX HUNDR$ PEOPLE4 ,?IS ,EVE*E ASSEMBLY LEFT LITTLE D\BT ?AT IT 9T5D$ NOT ONLY TO MAKE FOOD REQUISITIONS1 LEVY CONTRIBUTIONS ON ! WEAL?Y1 & R\ND UP C\NT]REVOLUTION>Y SUSPECTS1 BUT ALSO TO PURGE ! ,GIROND9S FROM ! ,CONV5TION4 

,AS NEWS ( ! ,EVE*E ASSEMBLY & ITS COMMITTEE SPREAD ?R\< ,P>IS1 ! ,GIROND9S W]E 9FURIAT$ & ! ,M\NTA9 FELT V]Y UNEASY OV] AN EM]G+ MOVEM5T IT DID NOT CONTROL2 9DE$1 AS WE HAVE SE51 IT WAS NO MORE EAG] TO SEE A SECTIONAL DEMOCRACY ?AN ITS RIVALS 9 ! ,CONV5TION4 ,M>AT1 ! 0FRI5D ( ! PEOPLE10 SPEAK+ AT ! ,JACOB9 ,CLUB1 D5\NC$ ! MEET+ AS 0UNPATRIOTIC0 7ANTICIVIQUE71 NOR DID IT GA9 ANY SUPPORT FROM ! ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL ( ! ,COMMUNE1 LEA/ ( ALL ITS ,HEB]TI/ MEMB]S4 ,EV5 E>LI]1 ON ,APRIL #b1 ! ,COMMUNE HAD SET UP ITS [N COMMITTEE ( CORRESPOND5CE ) O!R MUNICIPALITIES ?R\<\T ! C\NTRY1 TO C\NT]VAIL ANY 9ITIATIVE ( ! K9D ?AT ACTUALLY OCCURR$ ) ! E/ABLI%M5T ( ! ,EVE*E ASSEMBLY4 

,! ,R,O,A,D ,T,O ,9,S,U,R,R,E,C,T,I,O,N 

,! EV5TS ?AT W]E TO FOLL[ ! CONVOCATION ( ! ,EVE*E ASSEMBLY & ! V>I\S EF=TS BY ! ,GIROND9S1 ,MONTAGN>DS1 & MEMB]S ( ! ,COMMUNE'S ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL TO COPE ) ! J\MIE ( ,JUNE #b =M ONE ( ! MUDDIE/ *APT]S 9 ! HI/ORY ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 BAS$ ON UNCLE> FACTS1 SOME CONJECTURE1 UNRECORD$ NEGOTIATIONS1 CONCEAL$ COMPROMISES1 & MUTUAL BETRAYALS4 ,9DE$1 IT IS (T5 NECESS>Y = ANY HI/ORY ( ?IS BRIEF BUT REM>KABLE P]IOD TO SPECULATE AB\T ! 9T5TIONS AS WELL AS ! ACTIONS ( ! V>I\S ACTORS & COMMITTEES ?AT SOON BECAME 9VOLV$ 9 ?IS DECISIVE J\MIE1 :I* WAS TO SET A NEW & FATEFUL C\RSE = ! ,REVOLUTION & ! LIVES ( ITS MO/ IMPORTANT FIGURES4 ,! ONE GUID+ ?READ ?AT EXPLA9S :AT LITTLE IS KN[N AB\T ! EV5TS LEAD+ UP TO ! J\RNIE IS ! FACT ?AT ALL ( ! ,MONTAGN>D DEPUTIES1 LEAD]S ( ! ,JACOB9 CLUB1 MAJOR FIGURES 9 ! ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL ( ! ,COMMUNE1 & EV5 MANY MOD]ATES 9 ! SECTIONS W]E DET]M9$ TO PREV5T ,V>LET & HIS SUPPORT]S FROM E/ABLI%+ A SECTIONAL DEMOCRACY2 & BY ALL MEANS1 FAIR & F\L1 !Y EMPLOY$ :ATEV] MEASURES W]E AT !IR DISPOSAL TO NEUTRALIZE ! 9FLU5CE ( ! RADICALS 9 ! ,EVE*E ASSEMBLY--:I* ITSELF WAS F> FROM UNIFI$ 9 ITS SOCIAL GOALS4 

,P]HAPS ! BE/ FOIL AT ! DISPOSAL ( !SE MOD]ATE WOR?IES 9 DEAL+ ) ,V>LET & HIS SUPPORT]S WAS ! ,GIROND9 LEAD]S1 :O1 ) 9CR$IBLE POLITICAL 9EPTNESS1 9ADV]T5TLY DIV]T$ PUBLIC ATT5TION AWAY FROM ! SOCIAL GOALS ( ! ,EVE*E RADICALS T[>D !MSELVES4 ,! ,GIROND9S1 9 EFFECT1 PROCE$$ BY !IR TACTICS 9 ! ,CONV5TION TO MAKE !MSELVES APPE> TO BE ! CAUSE ( ALL ?AT WAS GO+ WRONG ) ! ,REVOLUTION1 FROM ,DUM\RIEZ'S DEFECTION TO ! ,AU/RIANS TO ! C\NT]REVOLUTION ?AT WAS SPREAD+ ?R\< ! PROV9CES4 

,! EV5TS 9 ! MID-SPR+ ( #agic HAVE AN ALMO/ FUN]EAL QUALITY AB\T !M & W]E GRIM 9 ! 9EXORABILITY ( !IR DEVELOPM5T4 ,FOLL[+ NEWS ( ,DUM\RIEZ'S DEFECTION1 A MAJORITY ( ! SECTIONS PETITION$ ! ,CONV5TION TO EXPEL ! ,GIROND9 LEAD]S1 :O W]E 0GUILTY ( ! CRIME ( TREASON AGA9/ ! SOV]EIGN PEOPLE40.<#c#h.> ,9 FACT1 EV5 ! ,MONTAGN>D DEPUTIES W]E N[ 9 ! UN5VIABLE POSITION ( SEEM+ TO BE RETIC5T AB\T REMOV+ ! TW5TY-TWO ,GIROND9S :O FIGUR$ MO/ 9 ! PUBLIC M9D1 = TO DO SO W\LD HAVE BE5 A GROSS VIOLATION ( REPUBLICAN LEGALITY ?AT C\LD HAVE BE5 US$ AGA9/ ! ,M\NTA9 ITSELF4 

,BUT ! RADICAL SECTIONS W]E ADAMANT4 ,ADDRESS+ ! ,M\NTA9 DIRECTLY1 !Y BLUNTLY DECL>$ ?AT IF ! ,CONV5TION REFUS$ TO DO SO1 !Y W\LD TAKE ON ! TASK !MSELVES4 ,AL?\< ! PETITION WAS SIGN$ BY ?IRTY-?REE ( ! =TYEI<T SECTIONS1 ! ,CONV5TION D5\NC$ IT AS 0SL&]\S0 FIVE DAYS LAT]4 ,9DE$1 ) PR$ICTABLE 9EPTNESS1 ! ,GIROND9S RETALIAT$ AGA9/ ! SECTIONS BY ORD]+ ! >RE/ ( ,M>AT1 :O WAS NOT ONLY A ,MONTAGN>D DEPUTY BUT ONE ( ! ,GIROND9S' MO/ CONSI/5T CRITICS4 ,TO ! FURY ( ! SANS-CULOTTES 1 ! 0FRI5D ( ! PEOPLE0 WAS >RAIGN$ BE=E ! NEW ,REVOLUTION>Y ,TRIBUNAL4 ,AGA91 ! ?IRTY-?REE SECTIONS ADAMANTLY DEM&$ ?AT HE BE RELEAS$1 REPEAT+ !IR CALL = ! EXPULSION ( ! TW5TY-TWO ,GIROND9S4 ,AS ! ,GIROND9S %\LD HAVE =ESE51 NOT ONLY DID ! ,TRIBUNAL ACQUIT ,M>AT1 BUT HE WAS RETURN$ TO HIS SEAT AT ! ,CONV5TION BORNE ON ! %\LD]S ( SANSCULOTTES1 AMID EV5 GREAT] PUBLIC ACCLAIM ?AN BE=E4 

,SPURR$ ON BY !IR VICTORY OV] ! ,GIROND9S1 ! RADICAL SECTIONS PRESS$ ! DEM& ?AT ! ,CONV5TION IMPOSE CONTROLS ON ! PRICE ( BREAD1 :I* WAS N[ SKYROCKET+1 & 9 MID-,APRIL ! ,COMMUNE & ! MAYOR MET AT ! ,JACOB9 ,CLUB TO DRAW UP A PETITION DEM&+ ! SETT+ ( A MAXIMUM PRICE4 ,:5 ! PETITION WAS PRES5T$ AT ! ,CONV5TION1 ! ,GIROND9S1 9 YET ANO!R POLITICAL BLUND]1 TRI$ TO BURY ! DEM& BY REF]R+ IT TO ! AGRICULTURAL COMMITTEE4 ,ADD+ 9SULT TO 9JURY1 !Y REPROV$ ! SANS-CULOTTES = FAIL+ TO UND]/& ! SUBLIME ECONOMICS ( FREE TRADE--?IS AT A TIME :5 BREAD PRICES W]E SO>+ & HUNG] WAS RAMPANT 9 ! CAPITAL1 9 NO SMALL P>T [+ TO SPECULATORS & TO 9EPTNESS 9 ! DI/RIBUTION ( FOOD4 

,= MANY RADICALS & EV5 MOD]ATES1 !SE TACTICS ( DELAY & FACTIONALISM W]E UN5DURABLE4 ,ON ,MAY #a1 EI<T ?\S& \TRAG$ SANS-CULOTTES FROM ! ,FAUB\RG ,SA9T-,ANTO9E 9VAD$ ! ,CONV5TION & DECL>$ !MSELVES 9 A /ATE ( 9SURRECTION UNTIL CONTROLS W]E E/ABLI%$1 & ! ,COMMUNE'S ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL1 M9DFUL ( ! IMPORTANCE ( ! ISSUE TO ! SECTIONS1 PROCLAIM$ ITSELF 09 A /ATE ( 9SURRECTION0 9 AN EF=T TO PLACE ITSELF AT ! HEAD ( ! POPUL> MOVEM5T4 ,! ,MONTAGN>DS1 IT %\LD BE NOT$1 W]E NOT AT ALL SYMPA!TIC TO ! PRICE MAXIMUM4 ,LIKE ! ,GIROND9S1 !Y TOO HAD BE5 >GU+ 9 FAVOR ( FREE M>KETS AGA9/ FEUDAL RE/RICTIONS1 BUT1 FAC$ ) ! POPUL>ITY ( ! DEM&1 !Y DEMAGOGICALLY EXPRESS$ !IR SUPPORT = ! MAXIMUM1 TO :I* ! ,CONV5TION CAPITULAT$ ?REE DAYS LAT] BY IMPOS+ PRICE CONTROLS ON GRA9 & BREAD PRICES4 

,! MON? ( ,MAY #agic WAS M>K$ BY A /EADY RADICALIZ+ ( MANY SECTIONS1 OP5+ ! PROSPECT = A NEW J\RNIE4 ,MO/ ( ! ,FAUB\RG ,SA9T ,ANTO9E SECTIONS 7ALBEIT BY NO MEANS ALL ( !M7 W]E PROBABLY CONTROLL$ BY ! RADICALS1 AS WAS ! SECTION ,LA ,CITE &1 ON ! ,LEFT ,BANK1 ! SECTIONS ,M>SEILLES & ,SANS-,CULOTTE4 ,(T5 9 PIT*$ BATTLES 9 ASSEMBLY MEET+S1 FIVE MORE SECTIONS1 9CLUD+ ! ,GRAVILLI]S & ,BON ,CONSEIL1 F9ALLY PURG$ !MSELVES ( MOD]ATE MEMB]S1 AS DID EI<T O!RS1 MANY ( :I* VOT$ TO GRANT ! ,EVE*E ASSEMBLY 0UNLIMIT$ P[]S40 

,!SE DEVELOPM5TS S]V$ ONLY TO SPUR ! ,GIROND9S & !IR MOD]ATE SUPPORT]S 9TO MORE FOOLH>DY BEHAVIOR4 ,HAV+ DECID$ ?AT ! SECTIONS HAD ACQUIR$ TOO MU* P[] ?R\< ! 9TOL]ABLY RADICAL ,COMMUNE--A GROSS MISJUDGM5T ON !IR P>T ( ! RELATION%IPS ( =CES 9 ,P>IS--!Y SET AB\T TO ELIM9ATE IT ONCE & = ALL1 &1 9 ! PROCESS1 TO CURTAIL ! P[] ( ! SECTIONS4 ,AMID PROPOSALS ?AT ! ,COMMUNE BE SUPPRESS$ & ! ,CONV5TION BE MOV$ AWAY FROM ,P>IS TO ,B\RGES1 ON ,MAY #ba ! ,GIROND9S E/ABLI%$ A ,COMMISSION ( ,TWELVE1 COMPOS$ MA9LY ( !IR [N DEPUTIES1 TO 9VE/IGATE ! VEXATI\S CONDUCT ( ! ,COMMUNE1 ! SECTIONS1 & !IR COMMITTEE AT ! ,EVE*E4 ,OV] ! PROTE/S ( ,DANTON1 ! ,CONV5TION PROVOCATIVELY ORD]$ ! SECTIONS TO TURN OV] ALL !IR M9UTES & REGI/]S TO ! NEW ,COMMISSION = SCRUT9Y4 

,! ,COMMISSION HAD LITTLE DIFFICULTY 9 %[+ ?AT A J\RNEE WAS BE+ PLANN$2 ! EVID5CE ( 9SURRECTION>Y ACTIVITY WAS APP>5TLY ABUNDANT 5\< 9 ! SECTIONAL M9UTES4 ,:5 SEV]AL ,GIROND9 COMMISSION]S ATT5D$ A MEET+ ( ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE1 !Y 5C\NT]$ AN AG5DA LAD5 ) ITEMS SU* AS 0,ID5TIFY MEMB]S ( ! ,CONV5TION TO BE EXPELL$0 & 0,COMPILE LI/S ( SUSPECTS40 ,AFT] ONLY F\R DAYS ( WORK1 ! ,COMMISSION ISSU$ ITS CONCLUSIONS & RECOMM5DATIONS1 :I* ! ,GIROND9S FOLL[$ TO ! LETT]4 ,IT ORD]$ ?AT ! ,NATIONAL ,GU>D CONT+5TS /ATION$ >\ND ! ,CONV5TION = ! SECURITY ( ITS MEMB]S BE RE9=C$1 & ?AT ALL SECTION MEET+S BE ADJ\RN$ BY T5 9 ! EV5+ TO MAKE IT DIFFICULT = ! BRAS NUS1 :O WORK$ LONG H\RS1 TO ATT5D !M4 ,AMUS+LY1 ! LATT] /RICTURE FAIL$ TO PRODUCE ITS DESIR$ EFFECT3 :5 A SECTIONAL ASSEMBLY WI%$ TO CONT9UE A SESSION BEYOND ! LEGAL H\R1 IT SIMPLY DECL>$ ! ASSEMBLY ADJ\RN$ & !REUPON RESUM$ ITS PROCE$+S AS A MEET+ ( A POPUL> SOCIETY4 

,ADDITIONALLY1 ! ,GIROND9S ISSU$ ORD]S = ! >RE/ & IMPRISONM5T ( ?OSE 9DIVIDUALS :OM ! ,COMMISSION HAD ID5TIFI$ AS ! MA9 PLOTT]S ( 9SURRECTION2 9 ALL1 F\R M51 9CLUD+ ,V>LET & ,HUB]T4 ,HUB]T WAS BR\<T BE=E ! ,COMMISSION TO ANSW] = HIS LA/ ISSUE ( ,PTRE ,DU*ESNE1 9 :I*1 ) HIS USUAL VITRIOL1 HE HAD 5C\RAG$ ! SANS-CULOTTES TO RISE UP AGA9/ ! ,GIROND9 0PLOTT]S AGA9/ ! REPUBLIC10 ALLEG+ ?AT !Y W]E CONSPIR+ ) ,BRITA9 9 ! W> AGA9/ ,FRANCE & ) ! ,V5DEE 9 ! REVOLT AGA9/ ,P>IS4.<#c#i.> ,ON ,MAY #be ! PRESID5T ( ! ,CONV5TION1 ! EXASP]AT$ ,GIROND9 ,H5RI ,ISN>D1 C\NT]$ ! ?REATS TO ! ,CONV5TION BY ISSU+ A ?REAT ( HIS [N3 0,IF H>M %\LD EV] BEFALL ! NATIONAL REPRES5TATION1 ,I DECL>E 9 ! NAME ( ALL ,FRANCE1 ,P>IS W\LD BE R$UC$ TO NO?+2 IT W\LD NOT BE LONG BE=E PEOPLE HAD TO SE>* ! BANKS ( ! ,SE9E = EVID5CE ?AT ,P>IS EV] EXI/$40.<#c#a.> ,) ?IS W>N+1 :I* SC&AL\SLY E*O$ ! ,DUKE ( ,BRUNSWICK'S E>LI] MANIFE/O1 ! ,GIROND9S W]E OP5LY ?REAT5+ TO FOM5T A CIVIL W> AGA9/ ! CAPITAL4 

,NOR DID ,P>IS HAVE ANY REASON TO D\BT ! REALITY ( SU* A ?REAT4 ,! C\NT]REVOLUTION1 :I* MANY ,P>ISIANS ATTRIBUT$ 9 P>T TO ! ,GIROND9S1 WAS SPREAD+ ?R\<\T ! PROV9CES4 ,REBELLI\S COMMUNES OV]?REW ! LOCAL ,JACOB9 LEAD]%IP1 NOT )\T BLOOD%$ 9 MANY CASES4 ,9 ,M>SEILLES1 :]E ! ?IRTY-TWO SECTIONS HAD PREVI\SLY CON/ITUT$ A WELL-KN[N ,JACOB9 /RON<OLD1 PORT WORK]S JO9$ ) M]*ANTS 9 ! FACE ( %>$ ECONOMIC DI/RESS TO OV]?R[ ! LOCAL ,JACOB9 COMMUNE & DECL>E ! CITY 9 A 0/ATE ( 9SURRECTION0 AGA9/ ! ,CONV5TION4 ,O!R CITIES SPECIFICALLY W5T 9TO REVOLT AGA9/ ,P>IS ITSELF3 ON ,MAY #b#a1 ,BORDEAUX1 A ,GIROND9 /RON<OLD1 DECL>$ ?AT IT W\LD OV]?R[ ! SANS-CULOTTES AU?ORITIES 9 ! CAPITAL1 FOLL[$ TWO WEEKS LAT] BY ,CA51 ALSO ,GIROND9 9 S5TIM5T1 :I* DECL>$ ITSELF 9 A /ATE ( 9SURRECTION TO 0RESI/ OPPRESSION40 

,?IS 0F$]ALI/0 REVOLT1 AS IT WAS TO BE CALL$1 ATTA9$ S]I\S PROPORTIONS 9 ! LA/ DAYS ( ,MAY1 ESPECIALLY 9 ,LYON1 ! SECOND-L>GE/ CITY 9 ,FRANCE1 :I*1 BE=E #a#g#h#i1 HAD BE5 ! SILK-MANUFACTUR+ C5T] ( ! C\NTRY4 ,! LOSS ( ! 9DU/RY'S WEAL?Y CU/OM]S1 :O HAD EMIGRAT$ 9 GREAT NUMB]S AS A RESULT ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 LEFT LITTLE EMPLOYM5T = ! SILK WORK]S4 ,?IS WAS A PROBLEM ?AT ! LOCAL ,JACOB9S C\LD H>DLY BE EXPECT$ TO SOLVE = A CITY BAS$ ON ! PRODUCTION ( A LUXURY FABRIC4 ,ON ,MAY #bd W>EH\SES ( PROVISIONS 9T5D$ = ! >MIES W]E RANSACK$1 & ! GOODS W]E !N SOLD (F BY CR[DS ( WOM5 AT PRICES !Y JUDG$ TO BE FAIR4 ,F\R DAYS LAT]1 ! ,JACOB9 COMMUNE AT ,LYON WAS OV]?R[N4 

,:5 NEWS ( !SE REVOLTS REA*$ ,P>IS1 ! 5RAGES & SANS-CULOTTES 9 ! SECTIONS DECID$ ?AT !Y HAD TO REMOVE ! ,GIROND9S1 :OM !Y ACCUS$ ( SUMMON+ ! PROV9CES TO REBEL AGA9/ ! CAPITAL4 ,AGA91 RADICAL SECTIONNAIRES F\ND !MSELVES ALLI$ UNEASILY ) ! ,MONTAGN>DS4 0,DEPUTIES ( ! ,M\NTA910 WROTE ,JACQUES ,R\X ON ,MAY #b#i1 

WE IMPLORE Y\ TO SAVE ! C\NTRY4 ,IF Y\ CAN & DO NOT WANT TO DO SO1 Y\ >E C[>DS & TRAITORS4 ,IF Y\ WANT TO BUT CANNOT1 SAY SO4 ,?IS IS ! PURPOSE ( \R MISSION4 ,ONE HUNDR$ ?\S& M5 >E >M$ TO DEF5D Y\4.<#c#a#a.> 

,9 FACT1 EV5 BE=E ,R\X'S ?REAT5+ PLEA1 ON ,MAY #bg A CR[D ( BRAS NUS BUR/ 9TO ! ,CONV5TION & DEM&$ ?AT ,HEB]T1 ,V>LET1 & ! O!R PRISON]S BE PROMPTLY RELEAS$ & ?AT ! ,COMMISSION ( ,TWELVE BE ABOLI%$ = EXCE$+ ITS AU?ORITY--A DEM& ) :I* ! CAJOL$ ,CONV5TION TEMPOR>ILY COMPLI$1 ONLY TO RE/ORE ! ,COMMISSION ON ! NEXT DAY4 ,! BACKTRACK+1 FURI\S FACTIONALISM1 REALIGN+ ( POSITIONS1 & REPEAT$ 9T]V5TIONS ( ! SANS-CULOTTES HAD BR\<T ! POLITICAL CRISIS 9 ! CAPITAL TO AN IMPASSE :I* ONLY ! VICTORY--OR DEFEAT--( A POPUL> J\RNIE C\LD RESOLVE4 

,! ,M,A,Y #c#a-,J,U,N,E #b ,J,\,R,N,E,E 

,! ACTUAL /EPS ?AT L$ TO ?IS UNAVOIDABLE J\RNIE >E AMONG ! MO/ DIFFICULT TO UNRAVEL FROM ! SKE9 ( EV5TS ?AT IMM$IATELY PREC$$ IT4 

,ON ,MAY #b#h1 DELEGATES TO ! ,EVE*E1 SPEAK+ = ?IRTY-?REE SECTIONS1 BEGAN TO TAKE DECISIVE /EPS T[>D A J\RNIE1 EMP[]+ A SECRET ,COMMITTEE ( ,SIX TO ACT AS AN EXECUTIVE = PLANN+ ! UPRIS+4 ,AS ,MORRIS ,SLAV9 OBS]VES3 

,!RE SEEM TO HAVE BE5 TWO PLANS UND] DELIB]ATION :5 ! .<,EVE*E.> ASSEMBLY MET ! FOLL[+ DAY 7,MAY #b#i.>4 ,! FIR/ WAS PUBLIC & WAS DISCUSS$ OP5LY 7&.> ON ! :OLE WAS MOD]ATE 9 TONE & WAS NONCOMMITTAL AB\T ! 9SURRECTION4 ,! SECOND PLAN1 9 CONTRA/1 WAS =MULAT$ BY COMMISSION]S :O W]E TACITLY 9VE/$ ) A SORT ( EXECUTIVE M&ATE TO DET]M9E ! C\RSE ( ACTION4 ,?IS PLAN WAS MEANT TO LAUN* AN 9SURRECTION4.<#c#a#b.> 

,&1 9 FACT1 DUR+ ! NI<T ( ,MAY #c & E>LY MORN+ ( ,MAY #c#a1 ! ,EVE*E ASSEMBLY ANN\NC$ ?AT ,P>IS WAS 9 A /ATE ( 9SURRECTION AGA9/ 0! >I/OCRATIC & LIB]TY OPPRESSIVE FACTION10 NOTABLY ! ,GIROND9S4.<#c#a#c.> ,DECL>+ ITSELF TO BE 9 P]MAN5CE1 ! ,EVE*E DELEGATES ELECT$ A ,COMMITTEE ( ,N9E1 :I* SUPPLANT$ ! ,COMMITTEE ( ,SIX1 & PLAC$ ,V>LET AT ITS HEAD4 ,IT WAS ?IS NEW COMMITTEE1 ! AU!NTIC 09SURRECTION>Y COMMITTEE10 AS ! ,EVE*E ,COMMITTEE ( ,N9E WAS LOOSELY CALL$1 ?AT LAID ! 9ITIAL PLANS = ! J\RNIE1 :ILE A SECOND ASSEMBLY1 CONVOK$ BY ! ,COMMUNE1 WAS E/ABLI%$ %ORTLY AFT]W>DS1 & 9CLUD$ REPRES5TATIVES FROM ! ,P>IS DEP>TM5T AS WELL AS ! ,G5]AL ,ASSEMBLY ( ! ,COMMUNE ITSELF4 

,! NI<T ( ,MAY #c-#c#a WAS M>K$ BY CONSID]ABLE CONFUSION1 = TWO COMMITTEES N[ OCCUPY+ SEP>ATE ROOMS 9 ! ,EVE*E PALACE W]E APP>5TLY AT ODDS ) EA* O!R4 ,9 ONE1 LA ,GR&E ,SALLE1 C\LD BE HE>D ! MIX$ VOICES ( ,M>AT1 :O DETE/$ ! 5RAGIS1 & ,V>LET1 :O HAD BE5 ! ORIG9AL HEAD ( ! ,COMMITTEE ( ,N9E4 ,LESS EXPLICABLY1 ! ,COMMITTEE ( ,N9E SAT 9 0A NEI<BOR+ HALL10 ,SLAV9 TELLS US1 0AB\T TO DECL>E ITSELF 9 A /ATE ( P]MAN5CE & 9SURRECTION40 ,APP>5TLY1 IT WAS \T ( !SE TWO COMMITTEES ?AT ! 0,EVE*E COMMITTEE0 WAS COMPOS$1 :I* 0ORGANIZ$ ITSELF 9TO T5 DIFF]5T DEP>TM5TS0 CORRESPOND+ ) ! ,CONV5TION'S [N EXECUTIVE & ADM9I/RATIVE BODIES4 0,EX]CIS+ ! P[]S EMBODI$ 9 !SE DEP>TM5T MADE ! ,EVE*E COMMITTEE ! REAL GOV]NM5T ( ,FRANCE10 ,SLAV9 CONCLUDES4 0,= A FEW DAYS1 IT WAS JU/ ?AT40.<#c#a#d.> 

,:I* RAISES ! QUE/ION3 PRECISELY :AT WAS ?IS 0,EVE*E COMMITTEE10 AS IT HAS BE5 BROADLY CALL$1 DUR+ ! NI<T ( ,MAY #c-#c#a8 ,H[ DID IT FUNCTION :5 IT WAS UND] ! GUIDANCE ( ,V>LET1 & H[ WAS ITS *>ACT] *ANG$ 9 ! DAYS1 9DE$ H\RS1 ?AT FOLL[$8 

,! DIFFICULTY 9 ANSW]+ !SE QUE/IONS >ISES FROM ! MULTITUDE ( MEET+S ?AT W]E BE+ HELD ?R\<\T ,P>IS3 AT ! ,EVE*E PALACE1 ! ,H#fTEL DE ,VILLE1 & ! ,JACOB9 & ,CORDELI] CLUBS AMONG O!R PLACES1 :]E ONE GR\P (T5 COMB9$ ) ANO!R OR MET 9DEP5D5TLY1 IF NOT SECRETLY1 AS A FACTION4 ,V]Y FEW ( !SE MEET+S LEFT ANY RECORDS BEH9D1 & :AT LITTLE WE DO KN[ AB\T !M WAS ONLY TO BE DISCLOS$ 9 OBVI\SLY T5D5TI\S & SELFJU/IFY+ LETT]S1 PAMPHLETS1 & MEMOIRS1 P>TICUL>LY AFT] ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,NOR IS !RE ANY REASON TO BELIEVE ?AT ,V>LET & HIS SUPPORT]S ON ! OLD 09SURRECTION>Y COMMITTEE0 CEAS$ TO MEET AFT] TWO COMMITTEES W]E M]G$ UND] ! RUBRIC ( A BROAD ,C5TRAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE2 9DE$1 !RE IS SKET*Y EVID5CE ?AT ITS RADICAL MEMB]S W]E TO RETA9 CLOSE TIES ) EA* O!R & FUNCTION1 TO ! EXT5T ?AT IT WAS POSSIBLE1 AS A CAUCUS )9 ! ,C5TRAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE ITSELF1 TOGE!R ) SU* PRESUMABLY SUPPORTIVE ORGANS AS ! ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL ( ! ,COMMUNE4 ,:AT CAN BE SAID ) REASONABLE C]TA9TY IS ?AT ! ,EVE*E MILITANTS SURR\ND+ ,V>LET ON ! COMMITTEE WANT$ ! 9SURRECTION TO ACCOMPLI% AIMS RADICALLY DIFF]5T FROM ?OSE ( ! MOD]ATES4 

,MO/ IMM$IATELY1 ! NEW ,C5TRAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE WANT$ ! ,GIROND9 LEAD]S EXPELL$ FROM ! ,CONV5TION4 ,! BRAS NUS AMONG ! SANSCULOTTES WANT$ TO PUT AN 5D TO SPECULATION & HO>D+1 & TO MAKE BREAD & O!R /APLES AVAILABLE2 & !Y PREP>$ A PETITION DEM&+ NOT ONLY PRICE CONTROLS ON BASIC GOODS BUT ! E/ABLI%M5T ( A 0REVOLUTION>Y >MY0 TO SE>* \T SUSPECTS 9 ! C\NTRYSIDE1 TO IMPOSE MEASURES AGA9/ 0SUSPECTS0 9 ! CITY1 TO PURGE ! >MY & CIVIL S]VICE ( UNRELIABLE ELEM5TS1 & TO LEVY A =C$ LOAN ON ! RI*4 

,V>LET1 = HIS P>T1 OBVI\SLY WANT$ TO GO MU* FUR!R4 ,HE SAW ! COM+ 9SURRECTION AS AN OPPORTUNITY TO DISSOLVE ! 5TIRE ,CONV5TION & EV5 ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE1 REPLAC+ BO? BODIES ) A DIRECT SECTIONAL DEMOCRACY4 ,9 ?IS RESPECT1 HE WAS C>RY+ \T :AT ,R4,B4 ,ROSE1 9 HIS /UDY ( ! SANS-CULOTTE MOVEM5T1 CALLS ! 0BASIC PR9CIPLES0 ( ! SECTIONAL MOVEM5T3 

! 9ALI5ABLE EMBODIM5T ( SOV]EIGNTY 9 ! PRIM>Y .<FACE-TO-FACE.> ASSEMBLIES ( ! PEOPLE1 POPUL> LEGISLATION BY REF]5DUM1 B9D+ M&ATES = ! PEOPLE'S DEPUTIES & ! CON/ANT RI<T ( RECALL2 9 EXTREMIS ! RES]V$ RI<T ( 9SURRECTION TO DISLODGE USURP+ GOV]NM5TS & TO 9SURE ! EFFECTIVE CONT9UITY ( ! SOV]EIGNTY ( ! PEOPLE4 ,?IS FI]CELY 9TRANSIG5T 9T]PRETATION ( ! MEAN+ ( DEMOCRACY W\LD REMA9 A C5TRAL FEATURE ( ! SANS-CULOTTE MOVEM5T DUR+ ITS P]IOD ( GREATE/ SOLID>ITY & 9FLU5CE1 9 #agic & #a#g#i#d4.<#c#a#e.> 

,IT WAS ! REALIZATION ( ! DEMOCRACY ?AT ! ,MONTAGN>DS1 NO LESS ?AN ! ,GIROND9S2 ! ,COMMUNE1 NO LESS ?AN ! ,CONV5TION2 PO/UR+ ,HUB]TS1 NO LESS ?AN /AID ,ROBESPI]RES2 0FRI5DS ( ! PEOPLE0 LIKE ,M>AT1 NO LESS ?AN DISDA9FUL OPPON5TS ( 0_/ES AN>*I/ES0 LIKE ,V]GNIAUD--ALL W]E RESOLUTELY DET]M9$ TO PREV5T4 ,! CONFLICT BETWE5 ! ,COMMITTEE ( ,N9E & ITS L>GELY ,JACOB9 OPPON5TS WAS JO9$ DUR+ ! FATEFUL NI<T ( ,MAY #c-#c#a1 :5 ! COMMITTEE1 ON ,V>LET'S PROPOSAL1 VOT$ TO ABOLI% ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE & ITS ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL & TO SUSP5D ! AU?ORITY ( ,MAYOR ,PA*E & ! ,P>IS ,DEP>TM5T4 ,?AT ! ,EVE*E'S 0PROGRAM FAIL$10 OBS]VES ,ROSE1 

WAS DUE TO TWO ?+S3 ! /UBBORN RESI/ANCE ( ! ,COMMUNE & ! MUNICIPAL ADM9I/RATION1 :O REFUS$ TO DISB& ON ! ORD]S ( ! ,EVE*E1 & REFUS$ TO BACK ! 9SURRECTION ON ! ,EVE*E'S T]MS1 & ! SKILLFUL TACTICS ( ! ,M\NTA91 P>TICUL>LY ,M>AT & SOME ( ! RANK-&-FILE ,JACOB9S1 :O MANAG$ TO DIV]T ! POPUL> PRESSURE = ! DISP]SAL ( ! ,CONV5TION 9TO ! MORE MANAGEABLE *ANNEL ( A DEM& = A PURGE ( A H&FUL ( ,GIROND9 0PUBLIC 5EMIES40 ,MEAN:ILE ,V>LET & HIS SUPPORT]S GRADUALLY LO/ CONTROL ( ! C5TRAL 9SURRECTION>Y COMMITTEE4.<#c#a#f.> 

,H[ W]E ,V>LET & ! 5RAGES ON ! ,COMMITTEE ( ,N9E \TMANEUV]$8 ,?IS QUE/ION IS ONE ( ! MO/ VEX+ ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 GIV5 ! DECISIVE %IFT IT PRODUC$ 9 ! UPRIS+'S AIMS & ITS DISMAL SEQUELAE4 

,9 ! ABS5CE ( WRITT5 EVID5CE1 WE MAY SURMISE ?AT DUR+ ! NI<T ( ,MAY #c-#c#a ! ,MONTAGN>DS1 ! ,COMMUNE1 & ! ,DEP>TM5T ( ,P>IS RECOGNIZ$ ! POT5TIAL DANG] ( ! ,COMMITTEE ( ,N9E & W]E FRANTICALLY LOOK+ = A WAY TO NEUTRALIZE IT4 ,! 5RAGES1 !Y RI<TLY SUSPECT$1 W]E TAK+ ! UPCOM+ 9SURRECTION \T ( ! GOV]NM5T'S CONTROL1 & ! FACT ?AT A COMMITTEE HEAD$ BY ,V>LET MI<T SET MASSES ( >M$ M5 9 MOTION GAVE ?IS FE> AN 9T5SE URG5CY4 ,ON ?IS SCORE1 !RE C\LD BE LITTLE D\BT ?AT ! ,COMMUNE1 P>TICUL>LY ,HUB]T & HIS SUPPORT]S1 OP5LY SID$ ) ! ,MONTAGN>DS 9 USURP+ ! 9FLU5CE ( ! RADICAL ELEM5TS ON ! COMMITTEE &1 9 TIME1 QUA%+ !IR 9FLU5CE4 

,CA/+ >\ND = AN EMISS>Y TO ! ,COMMITTEE1 ! ,MONTAGN>DS & ,COMMUNE SEEM TO HAVE SETTL$ ON ,CLAUDE-,EMMANUEL ,DOBS51 ! 9FLU5TIAL PRESID5T ( ! REVOLUTION>Y SECTION DE-LA-,CITE--! SECTION 9 :I* ! ,EVE*E PALACE WAS PHYSICALLY LOCAT$4 ,DOBS5 WAS IMM5SELY POPUL> ) ! SANS-CULOTTES1 NOT ONLY = HIS REVOLUTION>Y F]VOR BUT BECAUSE DUR+ ! 9VE/IGATIONS ( ! ,COMMISSION ( ,TWELVE HE HAD DEFIANTLY REFUS$ TO SURR5D] HIS SECTION'S REGI/]S TO ! ,CONV5TION4 ,! FACT ?AT HE HAD BE5 ONE ( ! F\R :O W]E >RE/$ BY ! ,GIROND9S GREATLY 5HANC$ HIS /ATUS AMONG ! SANS-CULOTTES4 

,ON ! CRITICAL NI<T ( ,MAY #c-#c#a1 P]SONS UNKN[N 7DID !Y 9CLUDE ,M>AT1 :O SEEMS TO HAVE BE5 %[+ UP EV]Y:]E87 APPROA*$ ,DOBS5 :ILE HE WAS /ILL 9 PRISON1 PRESUMABLY ) PLEAS TO NEUTRALIZE ! 9FLU5CE ( ! 5RAGIS ON ! ,COMMITTEE ( ,N9E--A TASK :I* HE APP>5TLY AGRE$ TO P]=M4 ,RELEAS$ FROM CAPTIVITY ON ?AT FATEFUL NI<T1 ,DOBS5 WA/$ NO TIME 9 GO+ TO ! MEET+ ( ! ,EVE*E PALACE1 :]E ! N9E-MEMB] COMMITTEE WELCOM$ HIM & MADE HIM ITS T5? MEMB]4 

,AGA91 ! SEQU5CE & CAUSES ( ! EV5TS ?AT IMM$IATELY FOLL[$ >E NOT 5TIRELY CLE>4 ,BUT WE DO KN[ ?AT ,V>LET !REAFT] CEAS$ TO BE PRESID5T ( ! COMMITTEE & WAS REPLAC$ 9 ?AT CRUCIAL (FICE BY ,DOBS54 ,WE ALSO KN[ ?AT ! ACTIONS ( ! NEW ,COMMITTEE ( ,T51 AS ! ORIG9AL ,EVE*E ,COMMITTEE WAS N[ KN[N1 W]E ABRUPTLY MOD]AT$4 ,FROM HIS NEW POSITION ( P[] ,DOBS5 SEEMS TO HAVE SET AB\T R$IRECT+ ! MILITANTS FROM !IR FAIRLY RADICAL GOALS T[>D POLICIES MORE CONG5IAL TO ! ,COMMUNE & ! ,MONTAGN>DS4 ,IT IS EASY TO SPECULATE ?AT HE BR\<T AB\T ?IS %IFT--OV] ,V>LET'S FURI\S OBJECTIONS--BY P]SUAD+ HIS FELL[ COMMITTEEM5 ?AT ! NE$ = 0UNITY0 ) ! ,COMMUNE & ! ,M\NTA9 MU/ OV]RIDE !IR SEEM+LY 0M9OR0 DIFF]5CES4 ,AS 9 SO MANY RADICAL MOVEM5TS S9CE1 ! PLEA = 0UNITY0 TO CREATE A 0BROAD-BAS$0 MOVEM5T ?AT PRESUMABLY C\LD BE MORE 0EFFECTIVE0 HAS BE5 ONE ( ! MO/ COMMON TE*NIQUES = DIS>M+ ! LEFT W+ ( A MOVEM5T & P]SUAD+ NAIVE ELEM5TS 9 MOM5TS ( DECISION TO ACQUIESCE TO LESS PR9CIPL$1 SAF]1 & MORE SOCIALLY CONG5IAL POLICIES4 

,F9ALLY1 IT WAS PROBABLY ON ,DOBS5'S MOTION ?AT ! ,COMMITTEE ( ,T5 WAS SUPPLANT$ BY A NEWLY CREAT$ & PRESUMABLY BROAD] ,C5TRAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE1 :I* CONSI/$ NOT ONLY ( ! ,COMMITTEE ( ,T5 BUT FIFTE5 ADDITIONAL MEMB]S FROM ! ,COMMUNE1 AN ASSEMBLY ( MOD]ATE SECTIONS1 & ! ,JACOB9-CONTROLL$ DEP>TM5T ( ,P>IS4.<#c#a#g.> ,S9CE ! NEW ,C5TRAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE HAD A TOTAL ( TW5TY-FIVE MEMB]S1 ! 5RAGES F\ND !MSELVES 9 ! M9ORITY4 ,! ,C5TRAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE N[ TOOK CONTROL ( ! 9SURRECTION1 %UNT+ ! 5RAGIS TO ! SIDE4 0,!RE WAS NO QUE/ION10 WRITES ,SLAV910?AT ! ,JACOB9S1 ) ! CONNIVANCE ( ! DEP>TM5TAL AU?ORITIES1 AIM$ AT SUBORD9AT+ ! ,EVE*E COMMITTEE TO !IR [N0 9 ORD] TO KEEP ! 9SURRECTION )9 EXI/+ 9/ITUTIONAL B\ND>IES4.<#c#a#h.> 

,ONE ( ! NEW ,COMMITTEE'S FIR/ ACTS1 AT N9E 9 ! MORN+ ( ,MAY #c#a1 WAS TO NEUTRALIZE ! ORD] ( ! =M] ,COMMITTEE ( ,N9E--! ONE ,V>LET HAD SIGN$ BE=E ! >RIVAL ( ,DOBS5--TO ABOLI% ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE1 :I* !Y SYMBOLICALLY 0DISSOLV$0 & IMM$IATELY RE9/AT$ AFT] IT TOOK AN OA? RECOGNIZ+ ! AU?ORITY ( ! 0SOV]EIGN PEOPLE40 ,V>LET'S 9T5TION ( ABOLI%+ ! ,COMMUNE WAS N[ TURN$ 9TO A PURELY C]EMONIAL ACT & BECAME--WRONGLY1 AS ,R4,B4 ,ROSE PO9TS \T--LITTLE MORE ?AN A F>CICAL GE/URE RA!R ?AN A MAJOR BETRAYAL ( ! ,COMMITTEE ( ,N9E'S ORIG9AL REVOLUTION>Y 9T5TIONS4.<#c#a#i.> 

,! PROCESS ( DILUT+ ! 9FLU5CE ( ! RADICALS 9 ! ,C5TRAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE & ! ,BV,S*D ,ASSEMBLY PROCE$$ AT A /EADY PACE1 UNTIL !IR IMPACT WAS SOON NEGLIGIBLE4 ,:5 A CITIZ5 7:O ,DANIEL ,GU]9 OP9ES MAY HAVE BE5 ,V>LET7 CAME =W>D AT ! ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL ( ! ,COMMUNE & (F]$ TO LEAD ! ,P>IS BATTALIONS 9 !IR M>* ON ! ,CONV5TION1 ! ,C\NCIL'S PRUD5T MAJORITY EXPRESS$ 0!IR COMPLETE 9DIGNATION1 !IR COMPLETE HORROR AT SU* A PROPOSAL40.<#c#b.> ,MAYOR ,PA*E POMP\SLY ASS]T$ ?AT 0! PEOPLE ( ,P>IS CAN DI/+UI% BETWE5 !IR TRUE FRI5DS & ! FOOLS & IMBECILES :O TRY TO MISLEAD !M & EMBROIL !M 9 P]V]T$ S*EMES40 ,:5 A Y\NG RADICAL1 ,S#fBA/I5 DE ,LACROIX1 TRI$ TO PRES5T A 0C]TA9 V]Y VIOL5T PROJECT10 ,DOBS5 CUT HIM (F1 & SOME MON?S LAT] HE WAS BR\<T BE=E ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,TRIBUNAL ON *>GES ?AT ON ?AT NI<T1 HE 0ALMO/ W5T BEYOND ! LIMIT AT :I* ! REVOLUTION /OPP$40 ,:5 /ILL ANO!R CITIZ5 RAIS$ ! QUE/ION ( ! >RE/ ( ! ,GIROND9 LEAD]S1 :I* ! ,JACOB9S W]E LAT] OBLIG$ TO DO1 ! ,JACOB9 ,ANAXAGORAS ,*AUMETTE AT ! TIME TRI$ TO QUELL ALL DISCUSSION ( ! SUBJECT1 :ILE ANO!R MEMB] PROPOS$ TO C5SURE ANYONE :O BR\<T IT UP4 ,! ,C5TRAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE1 AS ,*AUMETTE LAT] WROTE1 DID ALL IT C\LD TO 0MOD]ATE ! VOLCANIC ACTIVITY0 ( ! SANS-CULOTTES4.<#c#b#a.> 

,IT WAS N[ APP>5T TO ,V>LET & HIS SUPPORT]S ?AT !Y HAD BE5 DECEIV$4 ,9 A PAMPHLET PUBLI%$ MU* LAT]1 9 ! FALL ( #a#g#i#d1 ,V>LET RECALL$ ! DAY3 0,! 9SURRECTION>Y COMMITTEE CONTA9$ ! G]M ( A REVOLUTION>Y GOV]NM5T1 CONCEIV$ SECRETLY AT ! V]Y BEG9N+4 ,! FALSE 9SURG5TS SUB/ITUT$ ,ROBESPI]RE = ,BRISSOT2 = F$]ALISM1 A REVOLUTION>Y DICTATOR%IP1 DECRE$ 9 ! NAME ( PUBLIC SAFETY40.<#c#b#b.> 

,YET = ALL ITS MOD]ATION1 ! REAL P[] 9 ,P>IS N[ LAY 9 ! H&S ( ! ,C5TRAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE4 ,IT %UT ! GATES ( ! CITY & 9/ALL$ ! ,JACOB9 ,FRANCOIS ,HANRIOT AS COMM&] ( ! ,NATIONAL ,GU>D4 ,S9CE ! #c#a/ WAS A ,FRIDAY & !RE=E A WORK DAY1 :I* W\LD PREV5T MANY NE$Y SANSCULOTTES FROM P>TICIPAT+ 9 ! J\MIE1 ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE DECRE$ ?AT ALL >M$ WORK+ M5 W\LD BE COMP5SAT$ 9 ! AM\NT ( =TY S\S P] DAY FROM FUNDS LEVI$ ON ! WEAL?Y4 ,E>LY ?AT MORN+1 ,V>LET ORD]$ ! TOCS9 S\ND$ 7?IS ACT HAS WRONGLY BE5 IMPUT$ TO ,M>AT71 & ?\S&S ( SANS-CULOTTES FROM ! RADICAL SECTIONS /REAM$ T[>D ! ,TUIL]IES4 

,!IR NUMB]S1 H[EV]1 W]E SMALL1 & ! J\MIE WAS MORE A DEMON/RATION ?AN AN 9TIMIDAT+ 9SURRECTION4 ,! ,C5TRAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE APP>5TLY HAD BE5 REMISS 9 REA*+ ! SANS-CULOTTES1 :O W]E ALREADY AT WORK :5 ! J\MIE />T$ 9 ! AFT]NOON4 ,! ,CONV5TION1 9 TURN1 DISDA9FULLY ORD]$ ?AT ! 09SURRECTION0 BE 9VE/IGAT$1 EV5 AS IT WAS /ILL UND] WAY1 & SOME ,GIROND9S EV5 PROPOS$ DIS>M+ ! PEOPLE & TRANSF]R+ CONTROL ( ! >M$ =CES FROM ! SECTIONS TO ! ,CONV5TION4 

,! ,MONTAGN>DS1 TO RETA9 ! SUPPORT ! SANS-CULOTTES1 W]E OBLIG$ TO TAKE ACTION AGA9/ ! ,GIROND9S1 H[EV] IRRESOLUTELY4 ,M>AT MOV$ ?AT ! ,COMMITTEE ( ,PUBLIC ,SAFETY REPORT 9 ?REE DAYS ON ! POSSIBILITY ( >RE/+ ! TW5TY-TWO ,GIROND9S--A REM>KABLY TAME PROPOSAL 9 VIEW ( ! EXCORIATIONS HE HEAP$ UPON !M--& LAT] 9 ! DAY1 ,ROBESPI]RE F9ALLY PROPOS$ ?AT ! TW5TY-TWO ,GIROND9 LEAD]S BE IMPEA*$4 ,BY ?AT TIME1 ! CR[D1 :I* NUMB]$ SEV]AL ?\S&1 WAS ALREADY DISSIPAT+4 ,! ,CONV5TION'S ONLY REAL CONCESSION WAS TO ABOLI% ! DESPIS$ ,COMMISSION ( ,TWELVE ONCE & = ALL1 A CONCESSION TO :I* ! ,MONTAGN>DS READILY AGRE$4 

,?IS DONE1 SOME MOD]ATES TRI$ TO PORTRAY ! EV5TS ON ! ,FRIDAY AS A SUCCESS4 ,AL?\< IT C\LD H>DLY BE COMP>$ ) ! J\RNEE ( ,AUGU/ #a1 ONE SPEAK] EXTOLL$ IT AS A NONVIOL5T 09SURRECTION MORALE 0 AS OPPOS$ TO A VIOL5T 09SURRECTION BRUTALE40 ,! NORMALLY VOLATILE ,HUB]T CALL$ IT ONE ( ! MO/ 0BEAUTIFUL0 J\RNIES ( ! 5TIRE ,REVOLUTION1 & HE COMM5D$ ! CITIZ5S ( ,P>IS1 :O1 HE DECL>$1 0ALWAYS C\NT$ ON ! =CE ( REASON RA!R ?AN ON ?AT ( >MS40.<#c#b#c.> 

,YET ! TW5TY-TWO ,GIROND9 DELEGATES /ILL SAT 9 ! ,CONV5TION1 & NO MOTION HAD BE5 PASS$ TO EXPEL !M4 ,FAC$ ) ,GIROND9 9TRANSIG5CE & ,MONTAGN>D EQUIVOCATION1 ! FIVE*E MILITANTS >\ND ,V>LET PAT5TLY FELT ?AT ! 9SURRECTION HAD MISC>RI$1 & !Y P]SEV]$ 9 !IR DEM&S = RESOLUTE ACTION4 ,ON ,JUNE #a1 A ,SATURDAY1 CR[DS ( SANS-CULOTTES CAME \T 9TO ! /REET1 COMPLA9+ ( ! ,MONTAGN>DS' SLUGGI%NESS ! DAY BE=E4 ,9DE$1 ! SECTION ,PIQUES1 TO :I* ,ROBESPI]RE BELONG$1 ISSU$ A /ATEM5T ANN\NC+ ?AT ! ,C5TRAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE WAS 0UNWOR?Y ( ! CONFID5CE ( ! SECTION0 & W>N$ ?AT 

,IF1 )9 TW5TY-F\R H\RS1 ! C\NTRY IS NOT SAV$1 ! SECTIONS WILL BE 9VIT$ TO ELECT NEW COMMISSION]S WOR?Y ( !IR CONFID5CE1 :O WILL MEET 9 ! ,EVE*E1 & :O1 9VE/$ ) UNLIMIT$ P[]S1 %ALL BE *>G$ ) TAK+ SWEEP+ MEASURES :I* ALONE CAN SAVE PUBLIC AFFAIRS4.<#c#b#d.> 

,! SANS-CULOTTES MOVEM5T HAD REA*$ A BOIL+ PO9T4 ,?AT !RE W\LD N[ BE AN 9SURRECTION SEEM$ UNQUE/IONABLE2 ALL ?AT HAD TO BE SETTL$ WAS ITS AIM4 ,W\LD IT BE CONT5T TO =CE ! EXPULSION ( ! TW5TY-TWO1 OR W\LD IT OV]?R[ ! ,CONV5TION ALTOGE!R1 POSSIBLY E/ABLI%+ ,V>LET'S COVET$ SECTIONAL DEMOCRACY8 

,?AT SAME ,SATURDAY MORN+1 ! ,COMMITTEE ( ,PUBLIC ,SAFETY EXPRESS$ ITS AL>M AT ! EV5TS ( ! DAY BE=E & ITS FE> ?AT ANO!R 9SURRECTION WAS 9 ! (F+1 ?IS TIME A VIOL5T ONE4 ,! ,C5TRAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE1 9 TURN1 DISPAT*$ ,DOBS5 TO ! ,COMMITTEE ( ,PUBLIC ,SAFETY TO CONSID] 0MEANS TO SAVE ! C\NTRY40.<#c#b#e.> ,!RE HE CONF]R$ ) ! ,COMMITTEE MEMB]S1 & IF HE RECEIV$ 9/RUCTIONS FROM !M1 :I* IS V]Y LIKELY1 ! ,COMMITTEE ( ,PUBLIC ,SAFETY & BY EXT5SION ! ,CONV5TION ITSELF W]E BR\<T 9TO ACTIVE COMPLICITY ) A COMMITTEE--! ,C5TRAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE--?AT HAD 9ITIALLY BE5 CREAT$ \T ( ! E>LI] ,COMMITTEE ( ,N9E TO OV]?R[ !M4 ,?AT V]Y EV5+1 9 FACT1 ,V>LET OP5LY ACCUS$ ,DOBS5 ( OB/RUCT+ ! WORK ( ! ,COMMITTEE--TO :I* ,MAYOR ,PA*E RESPOND$1 0,?IS IS :AT HAPP5S444 EV]Y TIME Y\ PLACE A ,V>LET AT Y\R HEAD2 HE WILL GO BEYOND Y\40 .<#c#b#f.> 

,A COMPLETELY UNC]TA9 SITUATION EXI/$ ! NEXT DAY1 ON ,JUNE #b1 A ,SUNDAY4 ,HANRIOT HAD BE5 ORD]$ TO R+ ! ,TUIL]IES ) SIXTY CANNON & H&PICK$1 HEAVILY >M$ BATTALIONS ( ,NATIONAL ,GU>DSM51 SOME FIVE TO SIX ?\S& /RONG4 ,ONCE AGA91 ,V>LET HAD ! TOCS9 S\ND$1 & S9CE ! SANSCULOTTES DID NOT HAVE TO BE AT WORK1 AN OV]:ELM+ CR[D ( CITIZ5S-- E/IMATES RANGE FROM #g#e1 TO #a1--ASSEMBL$ BEH9D ! ,NATIONAL ,GU>DSM51 :O W]E /ATION$ BETWE5 !M & ! ,CONV5TION4 ,9 AN >RANGEM5T TYPICAL ( ! AMBIGUITY ( ! SITUATION ?AT EXI/$1 ! ,GU>DSM5 W]E SO POSITION$ ?AT1 GIV5 ! APPROPRIATE ORD]1 !Y C\LD EI!R ATTACK ! ,CONV5TION TOGE!R ) ! SANS-CULOTTES1 OR EFFECTIVELY DEF5D ! ,CONV5TION FROM ! CR[D4 ,TO FUR!R COMPLICATE ! SITUATION1 ,HANRIOT ORD]$ HIS M5 TO >RE/ ANY DEPUTY :O LEFT ! ,TUIL]IES BE=E ! TW5TY-TWO W]E EXPELL$4 ,A DELEGATION ( SANS-CULOTTES !REUPON 5T]$ ! PALACE HEAD$ BY A MEMB] ( ! ,C5TRAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE TO DEM& ! >RE/ ( ! ,GIROND9S 0& ?REAT5$ TO HAVE ! PEOPLE SAVE PUBLIC AFFAIRS %\LD ! ,CONV5TION REFUSE40.<#c#b#g.> 

,9 ! RAUC\S DEBATE ?AT FOLL[$1 SOME DEPUTIES TRI$ DISCREETLY TO LEAVE ! PALACE1 ONLY TO F9D !IR PASSAGE AT ! GATE B>R$ BY ,NATIONAL ,GU>DSM54 ,9FURIAT$ AT ?IS BEHAVIOR1 ! ,CONV5TION ORD]$ ?AT ! ,NATIONAL ,GU>DS BE )DRAWN1 ONLY TO BE TOLD 9 NO UNC]TA9 T]MS BY ,HANRIOT3 0,TELL Y\R F- PRESID5T ?AT ,I F- HIM & HIS ,ASSEMBLY1 & ?AT IF )9 ONE H\R1 HE DOESN'T DELIV] TO ME ! TW5TY-TWO1 ,I'M GO+ TO BLA/ IT40.<#c#b#h.> 

,FAC$ ) ?IS E>?Y *ALL5GE TO ! ,CONV5TION'S DIGNITY1 ! DEPUTY ,B>]E N[ SUGGE/$ ?AT ! DEPUTIES DRAMATICALLY DEMON/RATE !IR DEFIANCE ( ! ,GU>D & ! SANS-CULOTTES BY LEAV+ ! BUILD+ 5 MASSE1 MU* TO ! HORROR ( ,ROBESPI]RE1 :O IS REPORT$ TO HAVE REPROA*$ ,B>F]E3 0,:AT >E Y\ DO+8 ,Y\'RE MAK+ A MESS ( IT40.<#c#b#i.> ,9 ANY CASE1 ! DEPUTIES ( ! RI<T & ! C5T]--! MAJORITY--ROSE =?) & HEAD$ T[>D ! ,TUIL]IES C\RTY>D4 ,! ,MONTAGN>DS REMA9$ SEAT$4 ,BUT AFT] BE+ SCOLD$ = NOT BRAV+ ! COMMON DANG] ) !IR FELL[ DEPUTIES1 ! MAJORITY ( !M ROSE & JO9$ ! O!RS4 

,SC>CELY HAD ! ,CONV5TION DEPUTIES REA*$ ! \TSIDE ( ! PALACE :5 >M$ SANS-CULOTTES FURI\SLY %\T$ AT !M TO REMA9 9 ! ,TUIL]IES UNTIL !Y DECRE$ ! >RE/ ( ! ,GIROND9S4 ,9DE$1 ,HANRIOT TOLD ! PRESID5T ( ! ,CONV5TION1 ,H]AULT DE ,SE*ELLES1 A FELL[ ,JACOB91 TO 0SWE> TO ME ON Y\R HEAD ?AT ! TW5TY-TWO MEMB]S WILL BE SURR5D]$ )9 TW5TY-F\R H\RS40 ,:5 ,H]AULT DE ,SE*ELLES REFUS$1 ,HANRIOT RESPOND$ M5AC+LY1 0,9 ?AT CASE1 ,I %ALL NOT SAY ANY?+40 ,) A GE/URE TO HIS TROOPS1 HE WAS HE>D TO ORD]3 0,TO >MS1 GUNN]S1 TO Y\R CANNON60.<#c#c.> ,SOME ( ! ,GU>DS CRI$1 0,D[N ) ! ,RI<T6 ,LONG LIVE ! ,MONTAGN>DS6 ,TO ! ,GUILLOT9E ) ! ,GIROND9S6 ,LONG LIVE ,M>AT60.<#c#c#a.> ,A CRUCIAL MOM5T ( TRU?1 AS IT W]E1 SEEMS TO HAVE >RIV$ :5 ! >TILL]YM5 W]E PREP>$ TO FIRE1 :ILE ! CAVALRYM51 ) DRAWN SAB]S1 & 9FANTRYM5 AT ! READY1 PO9T$ !IR WEAPONS AT ! ,CONV5TIONNELS4 

,SO DELICATE WAS ! SITUATION1 N[1 ?AT EV5 A SLI<T ALT]CATION BETWE5 ! DEPUTIES & ! ,GU>DS MI<T HAVE L$ ! CR[D AS WELL AS ! MILITIA TO FIRE ON ! ,CONV5TIONNELS4 ,9DE$1 HAD A S+LE %OT BE5 FIR$1 ALL ! GUNS & >TILL]Y R++ ! ,TUIL]IES C\LD HAVE GONE (F AT ONCE4 ,! SANS-CULOTTES MI<T V]Y WELL HAVE DISSOLV$ ! ,CONV5TION & POSSIBLY TRI$ TO E/ABLI% A SECTIONAL DEMOCRACY 9 ,FRANCE4.<#c#c#b.> ,V>LET REPORT$LY %\T$ AT ,HANRIOT TO FIRE & WAS BESIDE HIMSELF :5 ! COMM&] FAIL$ TO DO SO4 

,AT ?IS PO9T1 ,M>AT1 ! 0FRI5D ( ! PEOPLE10 /EPP$ 9 & DEFUZ$ ! CRISIS BY %\T+ TO ,H]AULT DE ,SE*ELLES1 0,I CALL ON Y\ & Y\R FOLL[]S TO RETURN TO ! PO/S :I* Y\ HAVE AB&ON$ LIKE C[>DS40.<#c#c#c.> ,?IS WAS A CLEV] RUSE4 ,IT GAVE ! DEPUTIES ! EXCUSE !Y NE$$ TO RETURN TO ! ,TUIL]IES ) ! ,MONTAGN>DS 9 ! LEAD4 ,TO ,V>LET'S AL>M1 ,HANRIOT P]MITT$ ! DELEGATES TO MAKE !IR RETREAT )\T FIR+ A %OT4 ,EV5 ?\< ! DEPUTIES HAD BE5 HUMILIAT$1 ! DECISIVE MOM5T HAD PASS$4 ,VIEW$ FROM ! /&PO9T ( ! 5RAGES1 ! NE>E/ ,FRANCE HAD COME TO A ?IRD REVOLUTION HAD FAIL$4 

,HAV+ ESCAP$ DISSOLUTION1 ! ,CONV5TION DEPUTIES RESUM$ !IR SEATS & N]V\SLY DEBAT$ ! FATE ( ! ,GIROND9S1 A DEBATE :OSE \TCOME WAS ESS5TIALLY DECID$ AS SOON AS NEWS >RIV$ ?AT ! ,JACOB9 COMMUNE 9 ,LYON HAD BE5 OV]?R[N4 ,M>AT PROPOS$ ?AT ?IRTY-ONE ,GIROND9 DEPUTIES BE >RE/$4 ,DESPITE RESI/ANCE FROM MO/ ( ! C5T] & RI<T DEPUTIES1 :O W]E UNWILL+ TO MAKE SU* A DECISION UND] DURESS1 ! ,MONTAGN>DS RESOLUTELY PRESS$ !IR DEM& UNTIL ,M>AT'S MOTION PREVAIL$4 

,NOT ONLY W\LD A FAILURE TO REMOVE ! ,GIROND9S HAVE REOP5$ A CONFRONTATION BETWE5 ! ,CONV5TION & ! PEOPLE1 BUT ! ,M\NTA9 WAS ONLY TOO AW>E ?AT1 HAD IT FAIL$ TO SUPPORT ,M>AT'S MOTION1 IT W\LD HAVE LO/ ! ALLEGIANCE ( ! SANS-CULOTTES4 ,NOR WAS ! VOTE :OLLY DI/A/EFUL TO !M1 POLITICALLY2 BY VOT+ = ! >RE/S ( !IR OPPON5TS' LEAD]S1 !Y W]E ASSUR$ ( BECOM+ ! DOM9ANT P>TY 9 ! ,CONV5TION4 

,! EXPELL$ ,GIROND9S W]E TREAT$ ) EXTRAORD9>Y L5I5CY4 ,AT MO/1 !Y W]E PLAC$ UND] H\SE >RE/ & WAT*$ OV] BY A G5D>ME1 :ILE O!RS SIMPLY SLIPP$ AWAY & FL$ TO ! PROV9CES1 :]E !Y W]E TO PRODUCE MAYHEM = ! NEW ,JACOB9 REPUBLIC4 ,A MESS5G] WAS S5T \TSIDE TO 9=M ! CR[D ( ! VOTE1 & ! WAY WAS CLE>$ = ! DEPUTIES TO LEAVE4 ,M>AT1 9 EFFECT1 HAD %REW$LY MANIPULAT$ ! SITUATION TO CONTA9 ! 9SURRECTION )9 9/ITUTIONAL B\ND>IES & 9 ! PROCESS HAD AW>D$ POLITICAL SUPREMACY TO ! ,MONTAGN>DS4 ,HIS ASSASS9ATION BY ,*>LOTTE ,CORDAY SEV]AL WEEKS LAT]1 ON ,JULY #a#c1 WAS NO GREAT LOSS = ! SANS-CULOTTES1 P>TICUL>LY ! BRAS NUS1 :O REV]$ HIM--& :OM HE BETRAY$ 9 ! ,MAY #ca & ,JUNE #b J\RNEES4 

,! 9ITIATIVE = ! 9SURRECTION ON ,SUNDAY HAD BE5 TAK5 BY ! 5RAGIS & !IR SANS-CULOTTE ALLIES4 ,& IT WAS !Y ALONE :O HAD =MULAT$ ITS DEM&S & PROPELL$ IT =W>D T[>D A REVOLUTION>Y CONFRONTATION ) ! ,CONV5TION OV] ! PREC$+ WEEKS4 ,MOREOV]1 AS ,SLAV9 PO9TS \T1 0,IT WAS ! SECTIONNAIRES :O COMPOS$ ! BULK ( ! >M$ CR[D ?AT SURR\ND$ ! ,NATIONAL ,ASSEMBLY4 ,IT WAS !IR 9SI/5CE ?AT =C$ ! ,CONV5TION TO B[ BE=E !M40.<#c#c#d.> ,! ,MONTAGN>DS TRAIL$ BEH9D ! 5RAGES & ! SANSCULOTTES ) FE>FUL TREPIDATION4 ,AP>T FROM OPPOS+ ! ,GIROND9S1 ,ROBESPI]RE HAD KEPT DISCREETLY SIL5T DUR+ MU* ( ! AFFAIR1 :ILE ,M>AT HAD TURN$ A POT5TIALLY DECISIVE SANS-CULOTTES UPRIS+ 9TO M]E ,JACOB9 C\P D'ITAT4 ,9 ,P>IS1 AT LEA/1 ! ,GIROND9S W]E EI!R EXPELL$ OR SIL5C$1 & !Y CEAS$ TO BE TO BE A VIABLE POLITICAL GR\P+ AFT] ,JUNE #b4 

,A,F,T,],M,A,? 

,AL?\< ! ,MONTAGN>DS N[ CONTROLL$ ! ,CONV5TION1 ! MO/ IMM$IATE DEM&S ( ! SANS-CULOTTES & ! 5RAGIS REMA9$ UNFULFILL$4 ,BREAD WAS /ILL SC>CE1 & SPECULATION & HO>D+ CONT9U$4 ,! ,MONTAGN>DS N[ HAD TO P]=M ! DELICATE TASK ( QUELL+ ! P[] ( ! SANS-CULOTTES )\T ?OR\<LY ALI5AT+ !M4 ,!Y /ILL REQUIR$ ! SUPPORT ( ! SECTIONS1 ALBEIT ) !IR P[]S TRIMM$4 ,! FIR/ TASK ( ! ,JACOB9-CONTROLL$ ,CONV5TION WAS TO RECLAIM = ITSELF ALL ! AU?ORITY ?AT ! ,C5TRAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE HAD ACQUIR$1 :]E ! 0DANG]\S ELEM5TS10 AS !Y W]E CALL$1 /ILL F\ND AN 9/ITUTIONAL HOME 9 ADDITION TO ! SECTIONS4 ,! FACT ?AT ! ,COMMITTEE HAD NO FUNDS GAVE ! ,JACOB9S !IR 9ITIAL OP5+ 9 DISSOLV+ IT4 ,BE=E ! ,JUNE #b J\RNIE1 IT %\LD BE RECALL$1 ! ,COMMITTEE HAD PROMIS$ ! SANS-CULOTTES ?AT1 9 COMP5SATION = LO/ WAGES1 !Y W\LD RECEIVE =TY S\S = EA* DAY 7,MAY #ca TO ,JUNE #b7 ON :I* !Y W]E 9VOLV$ 9 ! 9SURRECTIONS4 ,?IS RESPONSIBILITY WAS N[ GIV5 TO ! ,COMMITTEE ( ,PUBLIC ,SAFETY1 :I* AGRE$ TO APPROVE COMP5SATORY FUNDS PROVID$ ?AT ! ,C5TRAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE DISB&--A REQUIREM5T ) :I* ,DOBS5 & HIS SUPPORT]S COMPLI$ ONLY TOO WILL+LY4 ,TO CLOSE ! SORDID *APT] ON ,DOBS5 & COMPANY1 %ORTLY AFT]W>DS1 ON ,JUNE #h1 ! ,DEP>TM5T ( ,P>IS1 9 COLLUSION ) ! ,MONTAGN>DS1 CREAT$ A NEW1 COMPLETELY 9NOCU\S 0,COMMITTEE ( ,PUBLIC ,SAFETY = ! ,DEP>TM5T ( ,P>IS10 :I* PROVID$ S9ECURES = ! MEMB]S ( ! =M] ,C5TRAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE4 ,! 5RAGIS W]E CONSPICU\SLY EXCLUD$ FROM IT4 

,:AT CAN BE SAID AB\T ! REM>KABLE MISC>RIAGE ( ! J\RNTES ( ,MAY #ca TO ,JUNE #b8 ,! FAILURE ( ! 5RAGIS TO CREATE A WELL-ORGANIZ$ POLITICAL =CE & ADVANCE A COH]5T PROGRAM HAD NOT ONLY BE5 !IR UNDO+2 IT HAD CO/ ! RADICAL SANS-CULOTTES1 P>TICUL>LY ! BRAS NUS1 ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,AL?\< ! ,GIROND9S HAD BE5 F9ALLY EXPELL$ FROM ! ,CONV5TION1 ! J\RNEES HAD SIMPLY REPLAC$ !M ) A GOV]NM5T DOM9AT$ BY VIGOR\S ,JACOB9 C5TRALIZ]S--ONE ?AT DIFF]$ FROM ! PREC$+ GOV]NM5T BY VIRTUE ( ITS GREAT] RESOLUT5ESS & ITS SEEM+LY UNLIMIT$ WILL+NESS TO EMPLOY VIOL5CE4 ,UNLIKE ! 9SURRECTION ( ,AUGU/ #a1 :I* HAD DE?RON$ ! MON>*Y1 CREAT$ ! REPUBLIC1 & BROAD5$ ! P[]S ( ! SECTIONS & ! ,COMMUNE1 ! UPRIS+ ( ,JUNE #b M]ELY REPLAC$ ! AU?ORITY ( ONE FACTION 9 ! ,CONV5TION BY ANO!R--! ,GIROND9S BY ! ,MONTAGN>DS4 ,9/ITUTIONALLY1 ! ,MONTAGN>DS LEFT ! ,CONV5TION 9TACT4 ,9DE$1 NO?+ C\LD HAVE BE5 FUR!R FROM !IR M9DS ?AN ! DIRECT DEMOCRACY ?AT ,V>LET & HIS SUPPORT]S 5VISION$4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,OCTOB] #b#b1 #bba 3 ,VOLUME #a1 ,P>T #d1 ,*APT] #b -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/