,P>T #a1 ,*APT] #e 
,EVID5CE ,LAID ,BE=E ,! ,FIR/ ,& ,SECOND ,DUMA ,ON ,C\RTS ,M>TIAL1 ,EXECUTIONS1 ,& ,! ,OV]CR[D+ ,( ,PRISONS 

#aiiaii 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,JESSE1,C,C ,B,Y-,S,A ,LIC5SE ,ON ! HI/ORIC DAY ( ! #a? ( ,MAY1 #a#i#f1 ?AT ( ! OP5+ ( ! FIR/ ,RUSSIAN ,P>LIAM5T1 :5 ! ELECT$ REPRES5TATIVES ( ! ,RUSSIAN NATION PASS$ ?R\< ! /REETS T[>DS ! ,TAVRIDA ,PALACE1 FROM ! D5SE ?RONGS :I* L9$ !IR PASSAGE1 ONE GREAT CRY >OSE-- 

0,AMNE/Y 6 ,AMNE/Y6 ,AMNE/Y FIR/60 

,& ! FIR/ SPEE* 9 ! NEW-BORN ,P>LIAM5T WAS = AMNE/Y4 ,IT WAS MADE BY ,PETRUNKEVIT*1 ! OLDE/ LEAD] ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,LIB]ALS 3-- 

0,\R HONOR1 \R CONSCI5CE10 HE SAID1 0 ORDA9S ?AT \R FIR/ ?\<T1 \R FIR/ FREE WORD %\LD BE D$ICAT$ TO ?OSE :O SACRIFIC$ !IR FRE$OM TO ?AT ( \R BELOV$ ,FA!RL& 0 7/ORM ( APPLAUSE74 0,ALL ! PRISONS 9 ! C\NTRY >E OV]FL[+0 7CRIES ( 9DIGNATION74 0,?\S&S ( H&S >E /RET*$ \T TO US ) HOPE & BESEE*+4 ,& CONSCI5CE URGES US TO SP>E NO POSSIBLE EF=T TO PREV5T ! WA/+ ( FUR!R LIVES 9 ! VICTORY SO SOON TO BE \RS4 4 4 40 

,AT ! V]Y NEXT SITT+ ( ! FIR/ ,DUMA ! ,LIB]AL ,DEPUTY ,RODI*EFF1 9 A SPEE* ( PASSIONATE ELOQU5CE1 RAIS$ ! QUE/ION AGA93-- 

0,EV]Y:]E & ALWAYS DUR+ ! ELECTORAL CAMPAIGN10 HE SAID1 0ONE & ! SAME CRY WAS RAIS$ ABOVE ALL O!RS--',AMNE/Y 6' ,WE >E WITNESSES ?AT ?IS IS ! DEM& ( ! :OLE NATION1 NOT ONLY ( ?OSE :O SUFF] 9 ! PRISONS OR ( !IR FRI5DS4 ,BLOOD IS NOT %$ N[ SO (T5 AS IT WAS ?REE MON?S AGO2 BUT1 G5TLEM51 ?IS LA/ MON? #ii P]SONS W]E EXECUT$ 9 ,RUSSIA4 4 4 4 ,WE1 H]E 9 ! ,DUMA1 CANNOT WORK 2 ?AT FEEL+ OPPRESSES US4 ,?OSE BLOODY SPECT]S >E H]E--H]E 9 ?IS V]Y HALL4 ,!Y MU/ BE REMOV$ 9 ORD] ?AT WE MAY DO \R WORK40 

,ONE AFT] ANO!R MEMB] ( ! ,DUMA1 !MSELVES REC5T SUFF]]S FROM >BITR>Y IMPRISONM5T1 TOLD H>ASS+ TALES ( :AT !Y HAD WITNESS$4 

0,I1 MYSELF10 SAID ,FA!R ,KRASS\N FROM ! RO/RUM1 0WAS KEPT 9 A PRISON1 PACK$ ) #d PEOPLE :O W]E RECEIV+ A DAILY ALL[ANCE ( #f KOPECKS 7#a #a_/#bD471 B>ELY 5\< TO ESCAPE />VATION--NOT 5\< TO ESCAPE P]PETUAL HUNG]4 ,I ASK$ !M1 ',:Y W]E Y\ BEAT5 ) NAGAIKAS8 ,:Y W]E Y\ ?R[N 9TO PRISON8' ,& ! REPLY WAS ALWAYS1 ',! POLICE >RE/$ US BECAUSE WE REFUS$ TO BRIBE !M6'0 

0,Y\ HAVE HE>D H]E ( ! <A/LY SPECT]S :I* SO> ABOVE \R L&10 SAID ! ,DEPUTY ,MIKLA%EFFSKY2 0,I WILL REM9D Y\ ( TWO VICTIMS P]SONALLY KN[N TO ME-! /UD5T1 ,GRIGORIEV1 & ! B>RI/]1 ,T>>YK94 ,GRIGORIEV WAS %OT BECAUSE ANO!R MAN1 TO SAVE HIS [N LIFE1 DECL>$ ?AT ,GRIGORIEV HAD SPOK5 AT A C]TA9 MEET+2 & ?IS DECL>ATION WAS 5\< TO CONDEMN ! BOY4 ,T>>YK91 ! B>RI/]1 TRI$ 9 VA9 TO CONV9CE ! (FIC]1 :O ORD]$ ! SOLDI]S TO %OOT HIM1 ?AT HE WAS ACT+ ILLEGALLY4 ,HE WAS NEV]!LESS %OT )\T TRIAL OR 9VE/IGATION40 

,G5]AL ,K\ZM9-,K>AVAEFF--HIMSELF A MILIT>Y PROCUREUR & A ,DEPUTY SITT+ ON ! ,RI<T ( ! ,CON/ITUTIONAL ,DEMOCRATS--APPEAL$ 9 ! ,DUMA AGA9/ ! HORRORS ( (FICIAL BLOOD%$4 

0,OV] SIX HUNDR$ M51' HE SAID1 0W]E1 DUR+ ! LA/ F\R MON?S1 HANG$ OR %OT1 OR O!RWISE DEPRIV$ ( LIFE BY MO/ HORRIBLE ME?ODS1 )\T TRIAL OR AFT] MOCK TRIALS4 ,?IS FIGURE IS APPALL+1 & IT %[S US ONCE MORE ?AT ! *IEF MOTIVE ( CAPITAL PUNI%M5T H]E1 9 ,RUSSIA1 IS SANGU9>Y V5GEANCE40#b 

,SITT+ AFT] SITT+ ( ! ,DUMA'S FIR/ SESSION WAS DEVOT$ TO APPEALS TO ! ,CZ> & ! ,GOV]NM5T = AMNE/Y4 ,?IS SUBJECT ALSO HAD ! FIR/ PLACE 9 ! ,DUMA'S ANSW] TO ! ,CR[N ,SPEE*4 ,IT WAS AN APPEAL TO DEAF E>S4 ,AFT] A HOPELESS /RUGGLE1 :I* LA/$ OV] A =TNI<T1 ! ,DUMA GAVE WAY & BEGAN ITS LEGISLATIVE WORK4 ,BUT COMPLA9TS & PETITIONS P\R$ 9 UPON ! ,DEPUTIES FROM EV]Y CON/ITU5CY1 DEPRIV+ !M ( ! NECESS>Y CALMNESS4 ,!N ! CONT9U\S 9T]PELLATIONS TO ! ,GOV]NM5T BEGAN4 

,ON ,MAY #b#a1 #a#i#f1 ! FOLL[+ 9T]PELLATION WAS UNANIM\SLY PRES5T$ BY ! ,DUMA TO ,M4 ,/OLYP93-- 

0,DOES ! ,M9I/] KN[ ?AT ! AU?ORITIES HAVE FILL$ ALL PRISONS TO OV]FL[+8 ,?AT AMONG ! PRISON]S >E P]SONS ADMITT$ TO BE 9NOC5T8 ,?AT 9 CONTRAV5TION ( EV5 ! EXCEPTIONAL & M>TIAL LAWS1 PRISON]S >E KEPT BEYOND ! T]M LEGALLY ORDA9$1 NO *>GE BE+ BR\<T AGA9/ !M1 :]EBY !Y >E DRIV5 TO UTT] DESPAIR & VOLUNT>Y />VATION80 

,! ,CAB9ET WAIT$ A FULL MON? BE=E ANSW]+ ?IS 9T]PELLATION4 

,ON ,MAY #b#e? ! ,DEPUTIES ( ! ,DUMA MADE ANO!R ATTEMPT TO /AY ! H& ( ! EXECUTION]S4 ,A TELEGRAM WAS RECEIV$ BY ! ,DUMA TO ! EFFECT ?AT EI<T M5 HAD BE5 CONDEMN$ TO DEA? 9 ! ,BALTIC PROV9CES BY A SUMM>Y ,C\RT ,M>TIAL1 ?AT !Y HAD WI%$ TO APPEAL TO A HI<] ,C\RT ON ! GR\NDS ( COMPLETE NEGLECT ( PROC$URE AT !IR TRIAL2 BUT ?AT ! ,GOV]NOR-,G5]AL HAD REFUS$ !M ! RI<T ( APPEAL & CONFIRM$ ! S5T5CE4 ,! ,DUMA BEGG$ ! ,GOV]NM5T TO PO/PONE ! EXECUTION & TO ALL[ ! APPEAL ( ! CONDEMN$ TO BE HE>D4 ,UPON ?IS1 A HA/Y ORD] WAS S5T FROM ,/4 ,PET]SBURG ?AT ! EI<T M5 W]E TO BE IMM$IATELY EXECUT$2 & :5 ?IS WAS DONE ! ,GOV]NM5T 9=M$ ! ,DUMA ?AT1 UN=TUNATELY1 IT WAS N[ TOO LATE TO DISCUSS ! MATT]4 

,! NUM]\S 9T]PELLATIONS & REQUE/S PUT TO ! ,GOV]NM5T TO PO/PONE ! EXECUTIONS ALWAYS MET ) ! ANSW]-- 

0,WE CANNOT DO ?AT4 ,SO LONG AS ! LAW EXI/S WE >E OBLIG$ TO C>RY IT \T40 

,! ,DUMA DECID$ TO REMOVE ?IS OB/ACLE1 &1 ON ,MAY #c#a1 #a#i#f1 A ,BILL WAS BR\<T 91 CONSI/+ ( TWO P>AGRAPHS3-- 

7#a7 ,CAPITAL PUNI%M5T TO BE ABOLI%$1 & 7#b7 UNTIL ! REVISION ( ! P5AL CODE IS DONE1 CAPITAL PUNI%M5T TO BE REPLAC$ BY ! HEAVIE/ S5T5CE IMM$IATELY PREC$+ IT ON ! SCALE ( PUNI%M5TS4 

,AFT] HAV+ PASS$ ! USUAL LEGAL /AGES1 ?IS ,BILL WAS UNANIM\SLY ADOPT$ BY ! ,DUMA ON ,JULY #a#a1 #a#i#f1 BUT IT NEV] RECEIV$ ! ,CZ>'S SANCTION1 & ! EXECUTIONS HAVE CONT9U$ AT ! SAME RATE4 

,DUR+ ! DEBATES UPON ! ,BILL ! ,DEPUTY ,NADVORSKY TOLD ! ,ASSEMBLY ?AT TWO HUNDR$ ,W>SAW B>RI/]S HAD S5T A =MAL COMPLA9T TO ! ,S5ATE AGA9/ ! ,GOV]NORS-,G5]AL ( ,LUBL9 & ,W>SAW1 BY :OSE ORD]S SEV5TE5 Y\?S W]E %OT )\T TRIAL4#c ,! ,S5ATE DIVID$ 9 ITS RESOLUTION UPON ?IS REMON/RANCE4 ,SOME ,S5ATORS DECL>$ ?AT AS ! ,GOV]NORS W]E ACT+ UND] M>TIAL LAW1 !Y HAD ! RI<T TO ADOPT :ATEV] MEASURES !Y MI<T F9D EXP$I5T4 ,! M9ORITY F\ND ?AT M>TIAL LAW DOES NOT GIVE ! RI<T ( 9DISCRIM9ATE EXECUTION1 BUT ?AT NEV]!LESS ?IS COMPLA9T MU/ BE REJECT$ BECAUSE ONLY ?OSE :O W]E VICTIMS ( ILLEGAL BEHAVIOR ON ! P>T ( ,GOV]NORS HAD ! RI<T TO COMPLA94 ,[+ TO ?IS DISAGREEM5T ! ,S5ATE ADJ\RN$ ! EXAM9ATION ( ! CASE UNTIL UNANIMITY BE >RIV$ AT4 ,AGA9 & AGA9 ?IS CASE WAS DEBAT$ 9 ! ,S5ATE1 ! LA/ TIME 9 ,MAY1 #a#i#i1 BUT ! ,S5ATORS REMA9$ FIRM 9 !IR DISAGREEM5T1 SOME MA9TA9+ ?AT1 UND] M>TIAL LAW1 ,SECTION #a#b1 ! ,GOV]NORS-,G5]AL HAVE ! RI<T TO EXECUTE AT !IR [N DISCRETION1 & >E RESPONSIBLE ONLY BE=E ! ,CZ>1 & O!RS REPEAT+ ?AT ! ACT WAS NO D\BT ILLEGAL1 BUT ?AT ONLY ! VICTIMS HAD ! RI<T TO COMPLA94 ,AS ! VICTIMS W]E ALREADY 9 !IR GRAVES ! ,GOV]NORS-,G5]AL1 TILL N[1 CONT9UE !IR RULE UNH9D]$4 

,LOOK+ ?R\< ! (FICIAL %OR?& REPORTS ,DUMA'S SESSION ONE MEETS UPON EV]Y PAGE 9T]PELLATIONS TO ! ,GOV]NM5T CONC]N+ NUMB]LESS ILLEGAL & >BITR>Y ACTS1 SU* AS ! EXILE ( ?\S&S ( VILLAGE S*OOLMA/]S1 PEASANTS1 WORKM51 & 9TELLECTUALS4 ,I GIVE A FEW *ANCE QUOTATIONS4 

,! ,DEPUTIES ,RO/OVTSEFF & ,KHRUS*EFF RECEIV$ ! FOLL[+ TELEGRAM FROM ! T[N ,O/ROGORSK1 ON ,JUNE #a/3-- 

0,AFT] \R HUSB&S HAD REMA9$ F\R MON?S 9 PRISON1 !Y S5T A TELEGRAM TO ,M4 ,/OLYP9 ON ,APRIL #b#h?1 ASK+ = RELEASE OR TRIAL4 ,ON ,MAY #bND AN ANSW] WAS RECEIV$ ORD]+ !IR IMM$IATE DEPORTATION 3 N9E TO ! ,N>YM REGION 7A DESOLATE CORN] ( ,WE/]N ,SIB]IA7 = F\R YE>S1 & ONE1 A CONSUMPTIVE1 TO ! ,A/RAKHAN PROV9CE = ?REE YE>S4 ,!SE PRISON]S W]E MO/LY MEMB]S ( ! ZEM/VOS1 & >RE/$ )\T REASON1 NO?+ SUSPICI\S BE+ F\ND UPON !M & NO *>GE BR\<T AGA9/ !M4 ,!Y W]E NOT EV5 9T]ROGAT$4 ,SIGN$--! WIVES ( ,DR4 ,%IRIAEFF1 ! 5G9E] ,&RIAN(F1 @&C40 

,AT ! SAME SITT+ ANO!R TELEGRAM WAS RECEIV$ FROM ,VORONE%1 S5T BY ! WIFE ( ,DR4 ,ROMAN(FSKY1 :O HAD JU/ BE5 S5T = A ?REE YE>S' EXILE TO ! ,N>YM REGION4 

0,I IMPLORE Y\ TO EXAM9E \R CASE4 ,MY HUSB&'S BANI%M5T IS ?R\< AN 5TIRE MISUND]/&+4 ,9 ! WRITT5 ORD] ( EXILE MY HUSB& IS DESCRIB$ AS 'TEA*]1' NOT 'DOCTOR1' & ! NAME IS GIV5 AS ',ROMAN(F1' NOT ',ROMAN(FSKY4' ,HE WAS DEPORT$ )\T BE+ ONCE 9T]ROGAT$40 

,FROM ! T[N ,UMAN A TELEGRAM WAS RECEIV$ BY ! ,DUMA ON ! SAME DAY1 9=M+ ! ,DUMA ?AT #cf PEASANTS1 DRIV5 TO DESPAIR BY LONG IMPRISONM5T )\T TRIAL OR ACCUSATION1 HAD REFUS$ FOOD = SIX DAYS1 REQUE/+ TRIAL1 DECL>+ !IR DECISION TO DIE IF IT W]E FUR!R REFUS$4 

,TO F9I% ) ?IS ONE S+LE SITT+ ( ! ,DUMA1 ,I WILL M5TION ALSO AN 9T]PELLATION CONC]N+ ! B>B>\S ILLEGALITIES 9 ! ,BALTIC PROV9CES1 :I* >E PLAC$ UND] SEV]AL HEAD+S3-- 

#a4 ,EXECUTION )\T TRIAL OR 9VE/IGATION4  

#b4 ,TORTURES1 & FLOGG+ TO ! AM\NT ,( #d /ROKES FROM ! NAGAIKAS4  

#c4 ,! BURN+ ( PEASANTS' F>MS & PROP]TY & PUBLIC BUILD+S BY ! MILIT>Y & (FICIALS1 @&C4 

,?IS SITT+ WAS NOT AT ALL ( AN EXCEPTIONAL *>ACT]4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 DUR+ ALMO/ EV]Y O!R SITT+ ! QUANTITY ( 9T]PELLATIONS ) REG>D TO V>I\S ATROCITIES1 ILLEGAL IMPRISONM5TS & EXECUTIONS W]E MU* MORE NUM]\S4 ,! CONT5TS ( ?OSE 9T]PELLATIONS >E PA9FULLY MONOTON\S3 0,PRISON OV]FL[+40 0,PRISON]S KEPT = MON?S )\T TRIAL OR 9VE/IGATION1 />V+ !MSELVES40 0,?IRTY-FIVE PRISON]S 9 ,RIGA ?REAT5$ ) EXECUTION4 ,IMM$IATE MEASURES URG5T40 0,! B>RI/] ,PUKHT9SKY1 ( ,T*]NIGOV1 HAS BE5 KEPT = ?REE MON?S 9 PRISON )\T *>GE1 & IS N[ 9 EXILE 9 ,SIB]IA4 ,HIS WIFE & FIVE *ILDR5 >E UTT]LY DE/ITUTE4 ,PUKHT9SKY'S ONLY (F5SE WAS ?AT HE1 AS A C\NCILOR ( ! ,T*]NIGOV ,CORPORATION1 WAS DISLIK$ BY ! LOCAL AU?ORITIES40 0,! 5G9E] ,F>MAKOVSKY1 ( ,M9SK1 IS KEPT 9 PRISON 9 SPITE ( HIS S]I\S ILLNESS & ! ORD] ( ! MAGI/RATE = HIS RELEASE4 ,9 ! SAME PRISON >E ,C\NCILOR ,HAVANSKY1 ,DR4 ,KAM9SKY1 ! B>RI/] ,ROGALEVIT*1 MANY J\RNALI/S1 & O!RS4 ,!Y HAVE BE5 IMPRISON$ = MANY MON?S1 & NO REASONS HAVE BE5 GIV5 = !IR DET5TION40 0,TWO Y\?S1 AG$ #ah & #a#i1 ( ! T[N ( ,W>SAW >E BE+ C\RT-M>TIAL$ = HAV+ /RUCK !IR S*OOLMA/]4 ,EXECUTION ?REAT5S !M40 

,?AT WAS ON ,JUNE #f?1 :5 TW5TY-SIX 9T]PELLATIONS CONC]N+ V>I\S ATROCITIES & ILLEGALITIES W]E SUBMITT$ TO ! ,DUMA4 ,AT ! NEXT SITT+1 ,JUNE #i?1 ?IRTY-TWO 9T]PELLATIONS ( ! SAME K9D W]E MADE4 ,?IS CON/ANTLY 9CREAS+ NUMB] MADE IT IMPOSSIBLE = ! ,DUMA EV5 TO DEBATE ! CASES4 ,!Y W]E SIMPLY H&$ OV] TO A P>LIAM5T>Y ,COMMISSION ( #c#c1 = TRANSMISSION TO ! ,M9I/RY1 :I* /ILL REMA9$ SIL5T UPON ! PO9T4 ,IT WAS1 H[EV]1 A BURN+ QUE/ION DEM&+ IMM$IATE & E>NE/ ATT5TION1 AS MAY BE SE5 FROM ! FOLL[+ QUOTATIONS3-- 

0,ON ,APRIL #a#a? WE W]E IMPRISON$ 9 ! ,ILJESK PRISON1 BY ORD] ( ! DI/RICT *IEF4 ,! SOLDI]S ROBB$ US ( ALL \R MONEY1 & AT ! ORD] ( ! POLICEMAN ,VOLOKHOVSKY !Y BEGAN TO /RIKE US ) ! BUTT-5DS ( !IR RIFLES AN KICK US UNTIL !Y W]E TIR$4 ,WE W]E W\ND$ ALL OV] & BLOOD RAN FROM \R M\?S1 NOSES1 & E>S4 ,SOME ( US HAD BROK5 RIBS1 LEGS1 & >MS4 ,VIDHOVSKY1 AN OLD MAN & A CRIPPLE1 WAS MORE BRUTALLY TREAT$ ?AN ANY ( ! O!RS4 ,HE WAS DRAGG$ BY ! HAIR 9TO A CELL & LO/ CONSCI\SNESS4 ,:5 HE REGA9$ IT HE ASK$ = ! PRIE/1 BUT ! REQUE/ WAS REFUS$4 ,= ! SIX SUBSEQU5T DAYS WE W]E KEPT )\T FOOD1 & ONLY ON ! SEV5? DAY W]E GIV5 #a KOPECKS 7#b #a_/#bD47 EA* = FOOD4 ,UP TO N[ NO *>GE HAS BE5 BR\<T AGA9/ US1 & WE HAVE NOT BE5 9T]ROGAT$4 ,ONLY ! *IEF ( ! DI/RICT EXPLA9$ TO \R WIVES ?AT WE HAD BE5 >RE/$ BECAUSE SOME MAN NAM$ ,B9EGRAET HAD S5T A D5UNCIATION TO ! EFFECT ?AT WE HAD TAK5 P>T 9 ! FE/IVITIES AT ! GRANT+ ( ! ,CON/ITUTION40 

0,WE1 PEASANTS ( ! VILLAGE ,KIT(F1 BEG Y\ TO PROTECT US ! POLICE4 ,ON ,JUNE #e? !Y KILL$ ?REE M5 & W\ND$ ?REE O!RS )\T CAUSE4 ,= ,GOD'S SAKE 9VE/IGATE ! CASE PROTECT US60 

,DUR+ ! DEBATES ( ! #i? ( ,JUNE1 ! ,DEPUTY ,ROS5BAUM TOLD ! ,DUMA ( ! IMPRISONM5T ( MANY 9NOC5T PEOPLE 9 ! T[N ( ,M9SK4 

0,:510 HE SAID1 0 WE TOLD \R ,GOV]NOR1 ,M4 ,KURL(F1 AB\T IT1 HE ANSW]$1 ',P]HAPS !RE >E 9NOC5T PEOPLE 9 PRISON4 ,BUT :5 ONCE !Y >E 9 PRISON !Y MU/ NOT BE LET \T4'0 

,?IS GOV]NOR1 ,KURL(F1 IS A CELEBRITY 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,HE IT WAS :O1 AFT] ! GRANT+ ( ! ,OCTOB] ,MANIFE/O1 SURR\ND$ A MEET+ ( CITIZ5S ) TROOPS1 & ORD]$ !M TO %OOT D[N ! PEOPLE AS !Y LEFT ! HALL4 ,HUNDR$S W]E %OT4 ,AFT] ?AT EXPLOIT ,KURL(F WAS PROMOT$ TO ! *IEF DIRECTOR%IP ( ALL PRISONS 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,DUR+ HIS TWO YE>S' T5URE ( ?AT (FICE1 ,S*LUSSELBURG1 ! FAM\S =TRESS1 EMPTI$ DUR+ ! AMNE/Y ( #a#i#e1 WAS REFILL$ T5FOLD1 & *A9S1 FLOGG+1 & O!R B>B>ITIES W]E 9TRODUC$4 

,! SANIT>Y CONDITION ( ! ,RUSSIAN PRISONS WAS BR\<T TO SU* A PIT* ?AT TYPHUS & SCURVY BEGAN TO DECIMATE ! PRISON POPULATION4 ,YET1 AS WE %ALL SEE FROM (FICIAL FIGURES1 ! NUMB] ( PRISON]S IS ALWAYS ON ! 9CREASE4 

,A FEW MON?S AGO ,KURL(F RECEIV$ A FUR!R PROMOTION TO ?AT ( ,ASSI/ANT ,M9I/] ( ! ,9T]IOR1 ASSI/ANT ( ,/OLYP94 

,ON ! ABOVE-M5TION$ DAY 7,JUNE #i1 #a#i#f7 ! ,DUMA LE>N$ ?AT ELEV5 P]SONS HAD BE5 CONDEMN$ TO DEA? 9 ,RIGA1 ! ACCUSATION BE+ EXCLUSIVELY BAS$ UPON !IR [N DEPOSITIONS1 EXTORT$ FROM !M BY T]RIBLE TORTURES4 ,!Y W]E FLOGG$1 ! W\NDS BE+ SUBSEQU5TLY FILL$ ) SALT1 !IR HAIR WAS PULL$ \T1 & LOAD$ REVOLV]S W]E HELD AGA9/ !IR =EHEADS4 

,ACCORD+ TO ! ,RUSSIAN LAW1 ! ,GOV]NM5T HAS ! RI<T TO ADJ\RN ITS ANSW] TO 9T]PELLATIONS ( ! ,DUMA = ONE MON?1 & 9 ?IS CASE IT FULLY AVAIL$ ITSELF ( ?IS PRIVILEGE1 9 SPITE ( ! FACT ?AT ! 9T]PELLATIONS W]E ( ! MO/ URG5T *>ACT]4 ,BUT AT LA/ ?IS MON? CAME TO AN 5D1 & ! MEMB]S ( ! ,GOV]NM5T BEGAN TO ANSW] A FEW ( ! 9T]PELLATIONS4 ,! ANSW]S1 H[EV]1 COMPLETELY DISAPPO9T$ ! ,DUMA4 ,ON ! #a#d? ( ,JUNE ! *IEF MILIT>Y PROCUREUR1 ,PAVL(F1 :ILE FULLY ADMITT+ ! FACTS AB\T ! LAWLESS EXECUTIONS & DEA? S5T5CES M5TION$ 9 ! 9T]PELLATIONS1 CONT5T$ HIMSELF ) ! DECL>ATION ?AT ! ,GOV]NORS-,G5]AL RECEIV$ ! P[]S TO ACT UND] M>TIAL LAW ACCORD+ TO !IR [N LI<TS 2 ?AT1 :5 !Y =BID P]SONS CONDEMN$ TO DEA? BY ,C\RT ,M>TIAL TO APPEAL1 & ORD] !IR IMM$IATE EXECUTION1 !Y ACT )9 !IR RI<TS1 & ?AT ! ,C5TRAL ,GOV]NM5T HAS !RE=E NO P[] TO 9T]F]E 7,REPORT ( ! N9ETE5? SITT+ ( ! ,FIR/ ,SESSION74 

,ON ! #b#a,/ ( ,JUNE ! ,M9I/] ( ,JU/ICE1 ,S*EGLOVIT(F1 ANSW]+ AN 9T]PELLATION CONC]N+ ! TWO ,W>SAW Y\?S C\RT-M>TIAL$ = HAV+ /RUCK !IR TEA*]1 DECL>$ ?AT ! C5TRAL AU?ORITIES W]E UNABLE TO 9T]F]E BECAUSE IT LAY )9 ! P[]S ( ! ,GOV]NORS-,G5]AL TO DELIV] ANY (F5D] !Y *OSE TO A ,C\RT ,M>TIAL 9/EAD ( TO A CIVIL MAGI/RATE4 ,?US A POSSIBLE PUNI%M5T ( A %ORT T]M ( IMPRISONM5T MAY BE REPLAC$ BY CAPITAL PUNI%M5T AT ! DISCRETION ( A ,GOV]NOR-,G5]AL4 

,ON ! SAME DAY1 H[EV]1 ,M4 ,/OLYP91 ANSW]+ 9T]PELLATIONS 9 ! ,DUMA1 :ILE ADMITT+ ! GUILT ( SOME (FICIALS1 DECL>$ ?AT HE WAS NOT RESPONSIBLE = ! ILLEGALITIES ( ! PREVI\S ,GOV]NM5T1 & PROMIS$ TO PREV5T !IR RECURR5CE DUR+ HIS T5URE ( (FICE4 

0,I REPEAT10 HE SAID1 0?AT ! MO/ SACR$ DUTY ( ! ,GOV]NM5T IS TO PROTECT PEACE & LAW1 ! FRE$OM1 NOT ONLY ( LABOR1 BUT ALSO ( LIFE4 ,& ALL MEASURES ( PACIFICATION :I* ,I TAKE DO NOT SIGNIFY ! COM+ ( REACTION1 BUT ?AT ( ORD]1 :I* IS NECESS>Y = ! 9TRODUCTION ( ! MO/ IMPORTANT RE=MS40 

,MORE ?AN ?REE YE>S HAVE PASS$ S9CE ?AT TIME4 ,NOT EV5 ! FIR/ /EP HAS BE5 TAK5 = ! 9TRODUCTION ( ! RE=MS =E%AD[$ BY ,/OLYP91 :ILE ! NUMB] ( PRISON]S & EXILES KEPT )\T TRIAL IS EV] 9CREAS+1 ACCORD+ EV5 TO ! (FICIAL FIGURES4 

,! NUMB] ( 9T]PELLATIONS CONT9U$ TO 9CREASE1 & ! ,M9I/RY BEGAN TO ANSW] !M :OLESALE4 

,ON ,JULY #a#f? ! ,ASSI/ANT ,M9I/] ( ! ,9T]IOR1 ,MAK>(1 ANSW]$ #cc 9T]PELLATIONS AT ONCE4 ,HIS ANSW] WAS PURELY =MAL4 ,HE ADMITT$ A FEW CASES 9 :I* P]SONS HAD BE5 IMPRISON$ )\T AN ORD] EV5 HAV+ BE5 SIGN$1 BUT 9 ! MAJORITY ( CASES HE SATISFI$ HIMSELF ?AT SU* A HAD BE5 ISSU$2 & AS ! ,GOV]NORS-,G5]AL HAD BE5 GIV5 ! RI<T TO IMPRISON PEOPLE ACCORD+ TO !IR [N DISCRETION1 EV]Y?+ WAS DONE 9 OBS]VANCE ( ! LAW4 

,! NEXT SITT+1 ,JULY #a#g?1 A FUR!R BAT* ( 9T]PELLATIONS BR\<T !IR NUMB] UP TO #c#g--H>DLY ONE 9 T5 RECEIV+ AN ANSW]4 ,! ,DUMA WAS1 AFT] ?AT1 DISSOLV$4 

,:51 EI<T MON?S LAT]1 ! ,SECOND ,DUMA CAME TOGE!R1 ,M4 ,/OLYP91 ON ,M>* #a#i?1 READ HIS ,M9I/]IAL ,DECL>ATION1 9 :I* HE /AT$ ?AT A SPECIAL ,BILL W\LD BE 9TRODUC$ BY ! ,M9I/RY TO ! ,DUMA1 BY :I* >RE/1 SE>*+1 & ! OP5+ ( PRIVATE CORRESPOND5CE W\LD BE ALL[$ ONLY AT ! WRITT5 ORD] ( ! JUDICIAL AU?ORITIES1 :OSE DUTY IT W\LD BE ALSO TO V]IFY1 )9 TW5TY-F\R H\RS1 ! LEGALITY ( ANY >RE/ ORD]$ BY ! POLICE4 ,?IS WAS TO BECOME ! IMMUTABLE ORD9>Y LAW1 :I* W\LD ALWAYS BE 5=C$1 EXCEPT DUR+ TIMES ( W> OR REVOLUTION4 

,9 SPITE ( ?IS PROMISE1 EXCEPTIONAL LAWS >E 9 =CE N[ ALL OV] ! C\NTRY1 & EXILES & IMPRISONM5TS BY ADM9I/RATIVE ORD] >E MORE NUM]\S ?AN EV]4 

,! ,SECOND ,DUMA UND]/OOD FROM ITS FIR/ SITT+ ?AT IT W\LD BE A HOPELESS TASK TO TRY TO CURB ! ,GOV]NM5TAL 9NUM]ABLE ABUSES4 ,! SCOPE ( 9T]PELLATIONS WAS N>R[$ TO ?AT ( ! MO/ CRY+ CASES1 OR TO QUE/IONS ( SELF-DEF5SE1 I4E41 :5 ! P]SONAL 9VIOLABILITY ( ! ,DEPUTIES WAS 9FR+$4 

,H]E >E A FEW 9/ANCES ( SU* CASES4 ,ON ,APRIL #a#b1 #a#i#g1 ! FOLL[+ 9T]PELLATION WAS MADE 3-- 

0,ON ,DECEMB] #a#a1 #a#i#f1 ! ,C\RT ,M>TIAL 9 ,MOSC[1 HAV+ TRI$ ! CASE ( TWO BRO!RS ,KABL(F & TWO BRO!RS ,K>AKANIK(F1 ON ! *>GE ( HAV+ W\ND$ A POLICEMAN1 CONDEMN$ !M TO P5AL S]VITUDE = LIFE4 ,ON ! SAME DAY ! ,GOV]NOR-,G5]AL ( ,MOSC[1 ,H]%ELMANN1 9 SPITE ( ! LAW & ! SPECIAL CIRCUL>S S5T TO HIM BY ! ,PREMI]1 QUA%$ ?IS S5T5CE & ORD]$ ! F\R M5 TO BE TRI$ BY ANO!R ,C\RT ,M>TIAL4 ,! SECOND TRIAL WAS HELD AT ONCE1 & ! F\R PRISON]S W]E CONDEMN$ TO DEA? & EXECUT$ IMM$IATELY0 7,(FICIAL REPORT ( ,SESSION ,I,I41 ,SITT+ #a#i?74 

,ON ,APRIL #a#e1 #a#i#g1 SEV]AL 9T]PELLATIONS W]E READ 9 ! ,DUMA ) REG>D TO ! REGUL> PRACTICE ( TORTURES 9 ! V>I\S PRISONS ( ,RIGA1 ,A/RAKHAN1 ,ALGA*9SK1 ,AKATUY1 @&C4 

,! 9T]PELLATION CONC]N+ ! SY/EM ( TORTURE PRACTIC$ REGUL>LY 9 ! ,RIGA & O!R ,BALTIC PROV9CES PRISONS BECAME NOTORI\S ALL OV] ,EUROPE 7?ANKS TO ! REVELATIONS MADE BY ! ,BRITI% NEWSPAP]1 ! ,TRIBUNE74 ,?IS 9T]PELLATION WAS ANSW]$ 9 ! ,DUMA BY ! ,ASSI/ANT ,M9I/] ( ! ,9T]IOR1 ,MAK>(F1 :O1 :ILE ADMITT+ ?AT ! ILL-TREATM5T ( PRISON]S HAD OCCURR$ 9 ! ,RIGA PRISONS1 REFUS$ TO APPLY TO IT ! NAME 0TORTURE40 ,HE SAID ?AT ! (FICIALS GUILTY ( ! E/ABLI%$ (F5SES HAD BE5 ALREADY DISMISS$1 & JUDICIAL PROCE$+S TAK5 AGA9/ !M4 0,AT PRES5T10 HE SAID1 0WE MU/ WAIT TO SEE :AT ! LAW C\RTS WILL SAY4 ,I CONSID] DEBATES UPON ?IS QUE/ION TO BE PREMATURE40 

,?IS DECL>ATION WAS MADE ON ,APRIL #b#c1 #a#i#g4 ,ON ,MAY #c? ,M4 ,MAK>( SPOKE AGA9 AB\T ! TORTURES 9 ! ,BALTIC PROV9CES 9 !SE WORDS 3-- 

0,I AM F> FROM ! DESIRE TO MA9TA9 ?AT ! POLICE1 DUR+ 9T]ROGATIONS 9 ! ,BALTIC PROV9CES1 DID NOT1 9 SOME CASES1 BEAT ! PRISON]S4 ,I MU/ TELL Y\ ?AT LA/ YE> ALREADY1 & P>TLY ?IS YE>1 =TY-TWO PROSECUTIONS W]E />T$ AGA9/ ! AG5TS ( POLICE = ! USE ( VIOL5CE4 ,ONE ( !SE CASES WAS /OPP$ = WANT ( PRO( 2 9 ANO!R ! ACCUS$ WAS CONDEMN$ TO ONE YE>'S P5AL S]VITUDE4 ,! REMA9+ CASES >E /ILL UND] EXAM9ATION40 

,AS A MATT] ( FACT1 H[EV]1 ! ,RUSSIAN NEWSPAP]S AFFIRM ?AT ALL ! PR9CIPAL ORGANIZ]S ( TORTURE 9 ,RIGA & O!R ,BALTIC T[NS CONT9UE 9 !IR PO/S4 ,! POLICE (FICIAL ,GREGUS1 :O1 ACCORD+ TO ! DECL>ATION ( ,MAK>(F1 WAS DISMISS$ MORE ?AN TWO YE>S AGO1 IS AT ! HEAD ( ! SAME SECRET POLICE 9 ! SAME T[N ( ,RIGA4 

,! ,SECOND ,DUMA SOON MET ! FATE ( ! ,FIR/4 ,!REUPON ! FRAN*ISE WAS CURTAIL$1 & 9 ! ,?IRD ,DUMA1 :I* WAS CONVOK$ 9 ,M>*1 #a#i#h1 ! MAJORITY CONSI/$ ( ! NOM9EES ( ! ,GOV]NM5T4 ,?IS MAJORITY NATURALLY PUT A /OP TO EV]Y 9T]PELLATION ?AT MI<T BE EMB>RASS+ TO ! ,GOV]NM5T1 & ! T]RIBLE /ATE ( ! PRISONS WAS T\*$ UPON ONLY OCCASIONALLY DUR+ ! DEBATES UPON ! BUDGET ( ! ,PRISON ,DEP>TM5T & ( ! ,M9I/RY ( ,9T]IOR1 :ILE ! 9CREAS+ NUMB] ( EXECUTIONS CAME TO LI<T DUR+ ! DEBATES UPON ! ,BILL = ! ,ABOLITION ( ,CAPITAL ,PUNI%M5T4 

,AS TO ! 9T]PELLATIONS CONC]N+ ! PRISONS :I* W]E MADE 9 ! ,?IRD ,DUMA1 SOME ( !M HAVE ALREADY BE5 M5TION$ 9 ! PREC$+ *APT]S4 ,IT MU/ ONLY BE SAID ?AT ! 9T]PELLATIONS 9 ! ,?IRD ,DUMA1 RE/RICT$ AS !Y >E1 & SUBMITT$ TO A PRELIM9>Y DEBATE1 HAVE A *>ACT] ( GRAVITY :I* ! 0QUE/IONS0 ADDRESS$ TO ! ,M9I/]S HAD NOT 9 ! ,FIR/ & ,SECOND ,DUMAS4 ,! 9T]PELLATIONS >E N[ MADE 9 ! NAME ( :OLE P>TIES1 9/EAD 9DIVIDUAL MEMB]S1 & BE=E BE+ ACCEPT$ ! QUE/IONS ASK$ >E ! SUBJECT ( A PRELIM9>Y DISCUSSION 9 ! ,DUMA1 AFT] :I* !Y >E USUALLY S5T BE=E A ,COMMISSION1 :I* SEES :E!R !RE >E 9 !SE QUE/IONS ! ELEM5TS ( AN 9T]PELLATION4 ,ONLY :5 ! ,COMMISSION HAS ACCEPT$ ! 9T]PELLATION IS IT SUBMITT$ TO ! ,DUMA1 & !N ! RESPECTIVE ,M9I/]S >E AT LIB]TY ( EI!R ACCEPT+ ! DEBATE AT ONCE OR ANSW]+ IT 9 ! C\RSE ( ONE MON?4 

   

,FOOTNOTES 

#a,?IS *APT] HAS BE5 COMPIL$ = ?IS /ATEM5T BY ! K9DNESS ( A FRI5D4  

#b,EV]Y QUOTATION & EV]Y FIGURE 9 ?IS & 9 ! FOLL[+ PAGES IS TAK5 FROM ! (FICIAL %OR?& REPORTS ( ! SITT+S ( ! ,DUMA4  

#c,! ,W>SAW LAWY]S M5TION$ ! FOLL[+ CASES 3-- 

,ON ,JANU>Y #b1 #a#i#f1 9 ,LUBL91 A BOY ( #a#g1 ,M>KOVSKY1 WAS %OT )\T ANY =M ( TRIAL4 ,ON ,JANU>Y #cRD1 #d?1 & #a#h? 7,O4,S47 #af Y\NG M5-ONE ( #ae YE>S1 TWO ( #a#g1 ?REE ( #a#h1 & ?REE ( #a#i--W]E %OT )\T JUDGM5T AT ,W>SAW 7AFT] HAV+ BE5 TORTUR$74 

,!Y ALSO PO9T$ \T ?AT ! ,GOV]NOR-,G5]AL ( ,KIELCE HAD ISSU$1 ON ,JANU>Y #a#c-#b#f1 #a#i#f1 AN ORD] ACCORD+ TO :I* EV]Y ONE F\ND 9 POSSESSION ( >MS %\LD BE EXECUT$2 & IF *ILDR5 UND] #ad YE>S %\LD BE F\ND POSSESS+ >MS1 ! DEA? P5ALTY %\LD BE APPLI$ TO !IR P>5TS4 ,! HEAD ( ! ,POLI% PROV9CES /OPP$ ! APPLICATION ( ?AT ORD]1 BECAUSE IT WAS R5D]$ PUBLIC4 ,BUT H[ MANY ,GOV]NORS-,G5]AL ACT$ ON SU* PR9CIPLES )\T GIV+ !M PUBLICITY8 

,! MEMOIR ( ! ,W>SAW LAWY]S WAS PUBLI%$ 9 ALL LEAD+ DAILIES4 ,ALSO 9 ! WORK ( ,V4 ,VLADIMIR(F1 0,SKET* ( ,PRES5T ,EXECUTIONS10 ,MOSC[1 #aif 7,RUSSIAN74  

7,S\RCE3 ,KROPOTK91 ,PET]4 ,! ,T]ROR 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,LONDON3 ,ME?U5 @& ,CO41 #a#i#i4 #d? ,$47 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aih 3 ,P>T #a1 ,*APT] #e -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #b#b1 #bag 3 ,P>T #a1 ,*APT] #e -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/