,! ,/RUGGLE ,AGA9/ ! ,/ATE & ,O!R ,ESSAYS 

#aibf 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO 

,TAGS 3 DEF5SE ( ! REVOLUTION1 /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! /ATE1 /RUGGLE ( ! TOIL]S1 SOVIET ( PEOPLE'S COMMISS>S1 LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ GR\P1 ALL /ATE P[]1 WORK]S & PEASANTS1 FRE$OM & 9DEP5D5CE1 RUSSIAN COMMUNI/ P>TY1 IDEA ( EQUALITY4 

,SECTIONS 7,T,O,C7 3 
     

O ,*APT] #a 3 ,GREAT ,OCTOB] 9 ! ,UKRA9E 

      #a1#e#c#f ,WORDS2 #i1#e#i#i ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #b 3 ,ON ! #a? ,ANNIV]S>Y ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ ,9SURG5T ,MOVEM5T 9 ! ,UKRA9E 

      #c1#h#e#e ,WORDS2 #b#d1#d#c#i ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #c 3 ,ON ,DEF5SE ( ! ,REVOLUTION 

      #a1#c#e#i ,WORDS2 #h1#e#h#a ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #d 3 ,A ,FEW ,WORDS ON ! ,NATIONAL ,QUE/ION 9 ! ,UKRA9E 

      #a1#b#a#g ,WORDS2 #g1#e#d#c ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #e 3 ,TO ! ,JEWS ( ,ALL ,C\NTRIES 

      #igc ,WORDS2 #f1#g#e ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #f 3 ,! ,MAKHOV%*9A & ,ANTI-,SEMITISM 

      #b1#f ,WORDS2 #a#b1#d#d ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #g 3 ,9 ,MEMORY ( ! ,KRON/ADT ,REVOLT 

      #ffg ,WORDS2 #d1#b#f ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #h 3 ,! ,IDEA ( ,EQUALITY & ! ,BOL%EVIKS 

      #a1#f#f ,WORDS2 #f1#d#h#d ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #i 3 ,! ,PA?S ( 0,PROLET>IAN0 ,P[] 

      #a1#h ,WORDS2 #a#a1#a#b#f ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #a 3 0,SOVIET0 ,P[] - ,ITS ,PRES5T & ,ITS ,FUTURE 

      #ifc ,WORDS2 #f1#f#c ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #aa 3 ,! ,/RUGGLE ,AGA9/ ! ,/ATE 

      #hhg ,WORDS2 #e1#e#i#f ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #ab 3 ,! ,FIR/ ( ,MAY3 ,SYMBOL ( A ,NEW ,]A 9 ! ,LIFE & ,/RUGGLE ( ! ,TOIL]S 

      #eaa ,WORDS2 #c1#i#f ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #ac 3 ,AN>*ISM & ,\R ,TIMES 

      #fca ,WORDS2 #c1#i#g#f ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #ad 3 ,\R ,ORGANIZATION 

      #ffh ,WORDS2 #d1#b#f#g ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #ae 3 ,ON ,REVOLUTION>Y ,DISCIPL9E 

      #ehb ,WORDS2 #c1#h#c#e ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #af 3 ,! ,A,B,C ( ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,AN>*I/ 

      #e1#h#b ,WORDS2 #c#e1#i#d#d ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #ag 3 ,OP5 ,LETT] TO ! ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/S 

      #gbb ,WORDS2 #d1#d#c#g ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #ah 3 ,ON ! ,HI/ORY ( ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION ( #aica & ! ,P>T ,PLAY$ BY ! ,LEFT & ,RI<T-,W+ ,SOCIALI/S & ! ,AN>*I/ 

      #b1#c#d#i ,WORDS2 #a#d1#h#i#f ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #ai 3 ,BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ,AFT]WORD1 BY ,ALEX&RE ,SKIRDA 

      #e1#c#f ,WORDS2 #c#a1#d#g#a ,*>ACT]S     

O ,BIBLIOGRAPHIC ,9=MATION 

      #aec ,WORDS2 #a1#b#i#e ,*>ACT]S 

,SECTIONS 7,CONT5T7 3 

O ,*APT] #a 3 ,GREAT ,OCTOB] 9 ! ,UKRA9E 

,! MON? ( ,OCTOB] #aiag IS A GREAT HI/ORICAL WAT]%$ 9 ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION4 ,?AT WAT]%$ CONSI/S ( ! AWAK5+ ( ! TOIL]S ( T[N & C\NTRY TO !IR RI<T TO SEIZE CONTROL ( !IR [N LIVES & !IR SOCIAL & ECONOMIC 9H]ITANCE2 ! CULTIVATION ( ! SOIL1 ! H\S+1 ! FACTORIES1 ! M9ES1 TRANSPORTATION1 & LA/LY ! $UCATION :I* HAD HI!RTO BE5 US$ TO /RIP \R ANCE/ORS ( ALL !SE ASSETS4 

,H[EV]1 AS WE SEE IT1 IT W\LD BE WIDE ( ! M>K IF WE W]E TO SEE ALL ( ! CONT5T ( ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION 5CAPSULAT$ 9 ,OCTOB]3 9 FACT1 ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION WAS HAT*$ OV] ! PREC$+ MON?S1 A P]IOD DUR+ :I* ! PEASANTS 9 ! C\NTRYSIDE & ! WORK]S 9 ! T[NS GRASP$ ! ESS5TIAL PO9T4 ,9DE$1 ! REVOLUTION ( ,FEBRU>Y #aiag CAME TO BE A SYMBOL = ! TOIL]S ( !IR ECONOMIC & POLITICAL LIB]ATION4 ,H[EV]1 !Y QUICKLY NOTIC$ ?AT ! ,FEBRU>Y REVOLUTION AS IT EVOLV$ ADOPT$ ! DEG5]AT$ =MAT *>ACT]I/IC ( ! LIB]AL B\RGEOISIE1 &1 AS SU*1 PROV$ 9CAPABLE ( EMB>K+ UPON A PROJECT ( SOCIAL ACTION4 ,:]EUPON ! TOIL]S IMM$IATELY CA/ (F ! RE/RA9TS IMPOS$ BY ,FEBRU>Y & SET AB\T OP5LY SEV]+ ALL !IR TIES TO ITS PSEUDO-REVOLUTION>Y ASPECT & ITS OBJECTIVES4 

,9 ! ,UKRA9E1 !RE W]E TWO FACETS TO ?IS ACTIVITY4 ,AT ! TIME1 ! URBAN PROLET>IAT1 9 VIEW ( ! MEAG]NESS ( ! AN>*I/S' 9FLU5CE UPON IT ON ! ONE H&1 & LACK ( 9=MATION AB\T ! REAL POLITICAL POLICIES & DOME/IC ISSUES 9 ! C\NTRY ON ! O!R1 RECKON$ ?AT HOI/+ ! ,BOL%EVIKS 9TO P[] HAD BECOME ! MO/ PRESS+ NECESSITY ( ! BATTLE ?AT HAD BE5 JO9$ = ! PURSUANCE ( ! REVOLUTION1 IF ! COALITION ( ,RI<T ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION>IES ) ! B\RGEOISIE WAS TO BE \/$4 

,MEAN:ILE1 9 ! C\NTRYSIDE1 & ESPECIALLY 9 ! ,ZAPOROZHE >EA ( ! ,UKRA9E1 :]E ! AUTOCRACY HAD NEV] QUITE MANAG$ TO EXTIRPATE ! SPIRIT ( FRE$OM1 ! TOIL+ REVOLUTION>Y PEASANTRY TOOK IT AS ITS MO/ OV]-RID+ & MO/ BASIC DUTY TO RESORT TO DIRECT REVOLUTION>Y ACTION 9 ORD] TO RID !MSELVES AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE ( ! POME%*IKS & KULAKS1 BE+ P]SUAD$ ?AT ?IS LIB]ATION W\LD SPE$ !IR VICTORY AGA9/ ! SOCIALI/-B\RGEOIS COALITION4 

,?IS IS ! REASON :Y ! ,UKRA9IAN PEASANTS W5T ON ! (F5SIVE1 SEIZ+ ! B\RGEOISIE'S WEAPONRY 7P>TICUL>LY AT ! TIME ( PUTS*I/ ,G5]AL ,KORNILOV'S M>* ON ,PETROGRAD 9 ,AUGU/ #a#i#a#g7 & !N REFUS+ TO PAY ! SECOND ANNUAL 9/ALLM5T ( L& LEVIES TO ! BIG L&LORDS & KULAKS4 7,! AG5TS ( ! COALITION TRI$ 9 FACT TO WRE/ ! L& FROM ! PEASANTS1 9 ORD] TO HOLD IT = ! E/ATE-[N]S1 ALLEG$LY 9 DEF]5CE TO ! GOV]NM5T'S ADH]5CE TO ! /ATUS QUO P5D+ ! CONV5+ ( ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY :I* W\LD DECIDE ON ! MATT]74 

,! PEASANTS !N GOT UP & SEIZ$ ! E/ATES & LIVE/OCK ( ! POME%*IKS1 KULAKS1 MONA/]IES & ,/ATE HOLD+S3 9 SO DO+1 !Y ALWAYS SET UP LOCAL COMMITTEES TO MANAGE !SE ASSETS1 ) AN EYE TO %>+ !M \T AMONG ! V>I\S VILLAGES & COMMUNES4 

,AN 9/9CTIVE AN>*ISM CLE>LY ILLUM9$ ALL ! PLANS ( ! ,UKRA9E'S TOIL+ PEASANTRY1 :I* GAVE V5T TO AN UNDISGUIS$ HATR$ ( ALL ,/ATE AU?ORITY1 A FEEL+ ACCOMPANI$ BY A PLA9 AMBITION TO LIB]ATE !MSELVES4 ,! LATT]1 9DE$1 IS V]Y /RONG 9 ! PEASANTS3 9 ESS5CE IT BOILS D[N TO1 FIR/1 GETT+ RID ( ! B\RGEOIS AU?ORITIES LIKE ! G5D>M]IE1 ! MAGI/RATES S5T \T BY ! C5TRAL AU?ORITIES1 ETC4 ,?IS WAS PUT 9TO PRACTICE 9 MANY REGIONS 9 ! ,UKRA9E4 ,!RE >E EXAMPLES APL5TY ( ! WAY 9 :I* ! PEASANTS 9 ! PROV9CES ( ,EKAT]9OSLAV1 ,KH]SON1 ,POLTAVA1 ,KH>KOV & P>T ( ,TAVRIPOL DROVE ! G5D>M]IE \T ( !IR VILLAGES1 OR EV5 /RIPP$ IT ( ! RI<T TO MAKE >RE/S )\T ! SAY-SO ( ! PEASANT COMMITTEES & VILLAGE ASSEMBLIES4 ,! G5D>MES W\ND UP AS SIMPLY ! BE>]S ( ! DECISIONS !SE MADE4 ,IT WAS NOT LONG BE=E ! MAGI/RATES W]E R$UC$ TO LIKE BUS9ESS4 

,! PEASANTS !MSELVES SAT 9 JUDGM5T ( ALL (F5SES & DISPUTES AT VILLAGE ASSEMBLIES OR AT SPECIAL MEET+S1 !REBY D5Y+ ALL JURISDICTIONAL RI<TS TO ! MAGI/RATES APPO9T$ BY ! C5TRAL AU?ORITIES4 ,!SE MAGI/RATES SOMETIMES FELL SO F> FROM GRACE ?AT !Y W]E (T5 =C$ TO FLEE OR GO 9TO HID+4 

,SU* AN APPROA* BY ! PEASANTS TO !IR 9DIVIDUAL & SOCIAL RI<TS NATURALLY 9CL9$ !M TO FE> LE/ ! SLOGAN 0,ALL P[] TO ! SOVIETS0 TURN 9TO A ,/ATE P[]3 !SE FE>S W]E P]HAPS LESS PLA9LY EVID5T AMONG ! URBAN PROLET>IAT1 :I* WAS MORE UND] ! SWAY ( ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATS & ,BOL%EVIKS4 

,TO ! PEASANTS1 ! P[] ( LOCAL SOVIETS MEANT ! CONV]SION ( ?OSE BODIES 9TO AUTONOM\S T]RITORIAL UNITS1 ON ! BASIS ( ! REVOLUTION>Y ASSOCIATION & SOCIO-ECONOMIC SELF-DIRECTION ( ! TOIL]S ) AN EYE TO ! CON/RUCTION ( A NEW SOCIETY4 ,PLAC+ ?AT SORT ( CON/RUCTION UPON ?AT SLOGAN1 ! PEASANTS APPLI$ IT LIT]ALLY1 EXP&$ UPON IT & DEF5D$ IT AGA9/ ! TRESPASSES ( ! ,RI<T ,S,RS1 ,CADETS 7LIB]ALS7 & ! MON>*I/ C\NT]-REVOLUTION>IES4 

,?US ,OCTOB] HAD NOT YET HAPP5$ :5 ! PEASANTS JUMP$ ! GUN BY REFUS+ 9 MANY REGIONS TO PAY ! F>M R5TS TO ! POME%*IKS & KULAKS1 !N1 HAV+ COLLECTIVELY SEIZ$ ! LATT]'S L& & LIVE/OCK1 DISPAT*+ DELEGATES TO ! URBAN PROLET>IAT TO COME TO SOME >RANGEM5T ) IT REG>D+ ! SEIZURE ( ! FACTORIES & FIRMS1 ! AIM BE+ TO E/ABLI% FRAT]NAL CONNECTIONS &1 JO9TLY1 BUILD ! NEW1 FREE SOCIETY ( TOIL]S4 

,AT ?IS PO9T1 ! PRACTICAL IMPLEM5TATION ( ! IDEAS ( 0,GREAT ,OCTOB]0 HAD NOT YET BE5 ESP\S$ BY ?OSE :O W\LD LAT] SUBSCRIBE TO IT1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS & ! ,LEFT ,S,RS3 IT WAS EV5 H>%LY CRITICIZ$ BY !IR GR\PS1 ORGANIZATIONS & C5TRAL COMMITTEES4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 AS F> AS ! ,UKRA9IAN PEASANTS W]E CONC]N$1 ,GREAT ,OCTOB]1 & ESPECIALLY ! /ATUS IT WAS AF=D$ 9 POLITICAL *RONOLOGY1 LOOK$ V]Y MU* LIKE A *APT] !Y HAD LONG S9CE MOV$ ON FROM4 

,DUR+ ! EV5TS 9 ,OCTOB]1 ! PROLET>IAT ( ,PETROGRAD1 ,MOSC[ & O!R L>GE CITIES1 AS WELL AS ! SOLDI]S & ! PEASANTS ADJAC5T TO ! T[NS1 UND] ! 9FLU5CE ( AN>*I/S1 ,BOL%EVIKS & ,LEFT ,S,RS1 M]ELY REGUL>IZ$ & GAVE MORE PRECISE POLITICAL EXPRESSION TO ?AT = :I* ! REVOLUTION>Y PEASANTRY ( MANY >EAS ( ! ,UKRA9E HAD BEGUN TO /RUGGLE ACTIVELY AS E>LY AS ! MON? ( ,AUGU/ #a#i#a#g1 & ?AT 9 HI<LY FAVORABLE CONDITIONS1 5JOY+1 AS !Y HAD1 ! BACK+ ( ! URBAN PROLET>IAT4 

,! REP]CUSSIONS ( ! PROLET>IAT'S V]SION ( ,OCTOB] REA*$ ! ,UKRA9E A MON? & A HALF LAT]4 ,! 9T5T BEH9D IT WAS EVID5T AT FIR/ FROM ! APPEALS FROM ! DELEGATES FROM ! SOVIETS & P>TIES1 !N FROM ! DECREES ( ! ,SOVIET ( ,PEOPLE'S ,COMMISS>S1 AB\T :I* ! ,UKRA9IAN PEASANTS W]E DIFFID5T1 HAV+ HAD NO P>T 9 !IR APPO9TM5TS4 

,IT WAS !N ?AT GR\PS ( ,R$ ,GU>DS %[$ UP 9 ! ,UKRA9E1 COM+ L>GELY FROM ,RUSSIA1 & ATTACK+ ! T[NS & COMMUNICATIONS C5T]S CONTROLL$ BY ! ,COSSACKS ( ! ,UKRA9IAN ,C5TRAL ,RADA4 ,! LATT] WAS SO 9FECT$ BY *AUV9ISM ?AT IT F\ND IT IMPOSSIBLE TO UND]/& ?AT ( ! LABOR+ POPULATION ( ! C\NTRY C\LD RELATE TO !IR BRE?R5 FROM ,RUSSIA1 NOR1 ABOVE ALL1 APPRECIATE ! REVOLUTION>Y SPIRIT AT L>GE AMONG ! TOIL+ POPULATION :I* /OOD READY TO FI<T = ITS SOCIAL & POLITICAL 9DEP5D5CE4 

,9 (F]+ ?IS ANALYSIS ( ,GREAT ,OCTOB] ON ?IS1 ! OCCASION ( ITS T5? ANNIV]S>Y1 WE \<T TO /RESS ?AT :AT WE ACCOMPLI%$ 9 ! ,UKRA9E WAS P]FECTLY 9 TUNE1 9 LATE #a#i#a#g1 ) ! ACTIONS ( ! REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S 9 ,PETROGRAD1 ,MOSC[ & O!R GREAT CITIES 9 ,RUSSIA4 

,:IL/ TAK+ NOTE ( ! REVOLUTION>Y FAI? & 5?USIASM DISPLAY$ BY ! C\NTRYSIDE ( ! ,UKRA9E LONG BE=E ,OCTOB]1 WE RESPECT & HOLD 9 EV]Y BIT AS HI< REG>D ! DET]M9ATION & VIGOR DISPLAY$ BY ! ,RUSSIAN WORK]S1 PEASANTS & SOLDI]S DUR+ ! EV5TS ( ,OCTOB]4 

,9 REVIEW+ ! PA/1 WE CANNOT LET ! PRES5T GO UNREM>K$1 = IT IS B\ND UP ) ,OCTOB] ONE WAY OR ANO!R4 ,ALSO1 WE CAN ONLY /ATE \R PR(\ND DI/RESS AT ! FACT ?AT1 AFT] T5 YE>S1 ! IDEAS ?AT W]E FULLY EXPRESS$ 9 ,OCTOB] >E /ILL ! OBJECTS ( D]ISION FROM ! V]Y PEOPLE ?AT HAVE COME TO P[] & GOV]N$ ,RUSSIA S9CE 9 ! NAME ( ?OSE IDEAS4 

,WE EXPRESS \R SADD5$ SOLID>ITY TO ALL :O F\<T = ! TRIUMPH ( ,OCTOB] & >E CURR5TLY ROTT+ 9 PRISONS & CONC5TRATION CAMPS4 ,!IR SUFF]+S UND] TORTURE & FAM9E HAVE REA*$ US & COMPEL US TO FEEL A PR(\ND SORR[1 ON ?IS ! T5? ANNIV]S>Y ( ,OCTOB]1 9 PLACE ( ! USUAL JOY4 

,AS A MATT] ( REVOLUTION>Y DUTY1 WE RAISE \R VOICE ONCE AGA9 TO CRY ACROSS ! BORD]S ( ! ,U,S,S,R3 

,GIVE ! SONS ( ,OCTOB] !IR FRE$OM1 GIVE !M BACK !IR RI<TS TO ORGANIZE & TO SPREAD !IR IDEAS6 

,9 ! ABS5CE ( FRE$OM1 & RI<TS = ! TOIL]S & REVOLUTION>Y MILITANTS1 ! ,U,S,S,R IS SUFFOCAT+ & DO+ TO DEA? ! BE/ P>T ( ITSELF4 ,ITS 5EMIES >E DELI<T$ BY ?IS & >E MAK+ PREP>ATIONS WORLD-WIDE1 ) ! AID ( ALL POSSIBLE MEANS1 TO EXTIRPATE ! REVOLUTION &1 ) IT1 ! ,U,S,S,R4 

,DYELO ,TRUDA ,NO #b#i1 ,OCTOB] #a#i#b#g1 PP4 #i-#a#a4 

O ,*APT] #b 3 ,ON ! #a? ,ANNIV]S>Y ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ ,9SURG5T ,MOVEM5T 9 ! ,UKRA9E 

,AS WE KN[1 ! ,BOL%EVIK LEAD]S' %AMEFUL BETRAYAL ( ! IDEAS ( ! ,OCTOB] ,REVOLUTION L$ ! 5TIRE ,BOL%EVIK P>TY & ITS 'PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION>Y' AU?ORITY1 ONCE 9 PLACE ALL ACROSS ! C\NTRY1 TO CONCLUDE A DISGRACEFUL PEACE ) ! ,G]MAN ,KAIS] ,WILHELM ,I,I & ! ,AU/RIAN ,EMP]OR1 ,K>L1 FOLL[$ BY AN EV5 MORE DEPLORABLE /RUGGLE 9SIDE ! C\NTRY AGA9/ AN>*ISM1 FIR/ ( ALL1 & !N AGA9/ ! ,LEFT ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION>IES & SOCIALISM 9 G5]AL4 ,9 ,JUNE #a#i#a#h1 ,I MET ) ,L59 9 ! ,KREML91 AT ! 9/IGATION ( ,SV]DLOV1 ! !N *AIRMAN ( ! ,ALL-,RUSSIAN ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,SOVIETS4 ,CIT+ MY M&ATE AS HEAD ( ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE 9 ! ,GULYAI-,POLYE REGION1 ,I BRIEF$ ,L59 ON ! UNEQUAL FI<T WAG$ BY ! REVOLUTION>Y =CES 9 ! ,UKRA9E AGA9/ ! ,AU/RO-,G]MAN 9VAD]S & !IR ALLIES ON ! ,UKRA9IAN ,C5TRAL ,RADA3 HE DISCUSS$ ?IS ) ME &1 HAV+ NOT$ MY FANATICAL PEASANT ATTA*M5T TO ! REVOLUTION & TO ! AN>*I/ IDEAS IT 5CAPSULAT$1 HE ASSUR$ ME ?AT ! SOVIET AU?ORITIES HAD 9ITIAT$ A /RUGGLE 9 ! URBAN C5T]S ( ! REVOLUTION1 NOT AGA9/ AN>*ISM P] SE1 BUT RA!R AGA9/ ! B&ITS :O PR(ESS$ TO BE ITS FOLL[]S3 

,) ?OSE AN>*I/S 5GAG$ 9 ORGANIZ$ REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVITY1 LIKE ! ONES Y\ HAVE JU/ BE5 TALK+ AB\T1 \R ,BOL%EVIK P>TY & ,I MYSELF WILL ALWAYS BE ABLE TO SPEAK ! SAME LANGUAGE ) AN EYE TO BUILD+ A JO9T REVOLUTION>Y FRONT4 4 4 4 ,IT IS QUITE ANO!R MATT] ) ! SOCIAL-TRAITORS :O >E ! REAL 5EMIES ( ! G5U9E EMANCIPATION ( ! PROLET>IAT & ! POOR PEASANTRY3 ) REG>D TO !M1 MY ATTITUDE WILL ALWAYS BE UNB5D+3 ,I AM !IR 5EMY4 

,! DEGREE ( GUILE & HYPOCRISY ?AT ,L59 EXHIBIT$ ON ?AT OCCASION IS BUT R>ELY 5C\NT]$ 9 A MA/]-POLITICIAN4 ,BY ?AT PO9T ! ,BOL%EVIK AU?ORITIES HAD ALREADY OR*E/RAT$ REPRESSION AGA9/ AN>*ISM1 9 ! V]Y DELIB]ATE 9T5TION ( DISCR$IT+ IT 9 ! C\NTRY4 ,L59'S ,BOL%EVISM HAD PLAC$ AN ,X AGA9/ EV]Y FREE REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATION & AN>*ISM ALONE WAS /ILL 5\< ( A DANG] TO IT1 =1 HAD IT BUT LE>N$ TO ACT 9 AN ORGANIZ$ & /RICTLY CONSI/5T WAY AMONG ! BROAD MASSES ( ! WORK]S & PEASANTS1 SO AS TO /E] !M TO VICTORY 9 POLITICAL & /RATEGIC T]MS1 AN>*ISM ALONE C\LD HAVE CONJUR$ UP ALL ?AT WAS HEAL?Y & UTT]LY COMMITT$ TO ! REVOLUTION 9 ! C\NTRY & EXPECT$ TO MAKE ! IDEAS ( FRE$OM1 EQUALITY & FREE LABOR PRACTICAL LIV+ REALITIES ?R\< ITS /RUGGLE4 

,LET IT BE NOT$ ?AT1 VIS-A-VIS SOCIALI/S1 ,L59 EMPLOY$ EQUALLY 9SULT+ TONES4 4 4 4 ,! ,BOL%EVIK AU?ORITIES' (F5SIVE AGA9/ AN>*ISM & SOCIALISM R5D]$ GREAT S]VICE AT ?AT JUNCTURE TO ! =EIGN C\NT]-REVOLUTION>IES1 :OSE TROOPS W]E MAK+ EASY HEADWAY 9TO REVOLUTION>Y T]RITORY 9 ! ,UKRA9E & SWIFTLY \/+ ALL ! REVOLUTION>Y FI<T+ DETA*M5TS L$ BY AN>*I/S1 ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION>IES OR 9DE$ BY ! ODD ,BOL%EVIK4 

,?ANKS TO ?IS DISGRACEFUL TREA*]Y BY ! ,BOL%EVIK LEAD]S1 ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION WAS ABLE 9 %ORT ORD] TO P>ALYZE ALL REVOLUTION>Y L9KS BETWE5 ! T[NS & VILLAGES ( ! ,UKRA9E1 BE=E TURN+ TO MASSIVE REPRESSION4 ,9 ?IS WAY1 ! ,UKRA9IAN REVOLUTION F\ND ITSELF QUITE UNEXPECT$LY BE=E ! GALL[S ( ITS EXECUTION]S & WAS WELL *A/5$ 9 ?IS FIR/ /AGE ( ITS DEVELOPM5T4 4 4 4 

,?OSE W]E D>K DAYS FILL$ ) BLOODY HORRORS4 ,UND] ! AGREEM5TS REA*$ ) ! ,C5TRAL ,EMP]ORS1 ! ,BOL%EVIK LEAD]S EVACUAT$ ALL ! WELL >M$ & DISCIPL9$ REVOLUTION>Y DETA*M5TS ( ,RUSSIAN WORK]S FROM ! ,UKRA9E1 AT A TIME :5 ! ,UKRA9IAN WORK]S W]E POORLY >M$1 DIRELY EQUIPP$ & COMPELL$ TO FALL BACK 9 ! WAKE ( !IR ,RUSSIAN BRE?R51 P[]LESS TO CONFRONT ! REVOLUTION'S 5EMIES4 ,9 SOMETIMES BLOODY SKIRMI%+1 !Y CLA%$ ) ! ,BOL%EVIK AU?ORITIES :O W]E REFUS+ !M 5TRY 9TO ,RUSSIA ) !IR WEAPONRY4 ,IT WAS 9 ?OSE DAYS1 :5 ALL SEEM$ LO/1 ?AT ! REVOLUTION>Y PEASANTS1 UNIT$ >\ND ! LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ GR\P 9 ,GULYAI-,POLYE & DISP]S$ 9 NUM]\S GR\PS & DETA*M5TS1 ALSO RETREAT$ T[>DS ,RUSSIA1 :]E1 !Y RECKON$1 ! REVOLUTION WAS /ILL ON C\RSE & MI<T HELP !M RECOV] ! /R5G? !Y NE$$ TO TACKLE ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y 9VAD]S AGA94 4 4 4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 EV5 AT ?AT /AGE 9 ! REVOLUTION1 ! ,BOL%EVIK LEAD]%IP C\LD BE SE5 TURN+ CLE>LY AGA9/ ALL ?AT WAS HEAL?Y & REVOLUTION>Y 9 ! TOIL+ MASSES1 :O W]E SY/EMATICALLY D5IGRAT$ TO ! B5EFIT ( !IR P>TY PRIVILEGES & ! RUNAWAY C\NT]-REVOLUTION LURK+ BEH9D !M4 ,ON ! APPROA*ES TO ! T[N ( ,TAGANROG1 ! ,BOL%EVIK AU?ORITIES SET UP AMBU%ES ( 9DEP5D5T REVOLUTION>Y GR\PS & DETA*M5TS 9 ! 9T5TION ( /RIPP+ !M ( !IR WEAPONS4 ,?IS CIRCUM/ANCE L$ ! =CES FROM ! PR\D REVOLUTION>Y REGION ( ,GULYAI-,POLYE TO BREAK UP 9TO T9Y GR\PS1 SOME ( :I* MADE !IR WAY HOME SURREPTITI\SLY1 :IL/ O!RS GA!R$ EQUALLY CL&E/9ELY 9 ,TAGANROG TO DET]M9E :AT %\LD BE DONE !REAFT]4 4 4 4 

,9 ,TAGANROG1 ,I WAS COMMISSION$ ALONG ) ,V]ETELNIKOV 7BY ! GR\P ( COMRADES !RE7 TO ORGANIZE A CONF]5CE4 ,IT W5T AHEAD4 ,ITS RESOLUTIONS W]E %ORT BUT TO ! PO9T1 9 ?AT NO P>TICIPANT HAD DECID$ TO CONT9UE ! FALL-BACK4 ,) ! EXCEPTION ( MYSELF1 ,V]ETELNIKOV & ?REE O!R COMRADES1 ALL ! O!RS DECID$ TO REJO9 ! FRONT L9ES & WORK AWAY !RE DISCREETLY AMONG ! PEASANTRY1 ) ! UTMO/ CAUTION4 ,MY F\R COLLEAGUES & ,I W]E COMMISSION$ BY ! CONF]5CE TO SP5D TWO OR ?REE MON?S 9 ,MOSC[1 ,PETROGRAD & ,KRON/ADT SO AS TO FAMILI>IZE \RSELVES ) ! PROGRESS ( ! REVOLUTION 9 ?OSE REVOLUTION>Y C5T]S1 BE=E RETURN+ TO ! ,UKRA9E BY ! FIR/ DAYS ( ,JULY1 TO ! >EAS :]E IT HAD BE5 DET]M9$ ?AT FREE ,REVOLUTION>Y ,DEF5SE BATTALIONS W]E TO BE ORGANIZ$1 ! CLE> 9T5TION BE+ NOT JU/ TO FI<T BUT ALSO TO W94 

,ALONE ( MY COMRADES1 ,I WAS ABLE TO MAKE IT BACK TO ! ,UKRA9E 9 TIME3 !RE ! ,AU/RO-,G]MANS & !IR /OOGE1 ! ,HETMAN ,SKOROPADSKY1 W]E 9DULG+ !IR POLITICAL & ECONOMIC :IMS4 ,I F\ND BUT FEW ( MY OLD COMRADES !RE1 MO/ ( !M HAV+ BE5 KILL$ OR JAIL$ P5D+ EXECUTION4 ,DEEPLY CONV9C$ ( ! NECESSITY ( C>RY+ \T ! TASK ) :I* ,I HAD BE5 5TRU/$ BY ! ,TAGANROG CONF]5CE1 ,I MADE CONTACT ) ! REGION'S PEASANTS ) AN EYE TO *OOS+ FROM AMONG !M P]SONS DISPOS$ TO COMMIT !MSELVES TO ! /RUGGLE4 ,I HAD MEET+S ) NUM]\S PEASANT M5 & WOM5 :OM ,I HAD E>LI] HAD OCCASION TO BR+ >\ND TO MY WAY ( ?9K+4 ,) !IR HELP1 ,I MANAG$ TO TRACE C]TA9 ( MY COMRADES :O HAD ESCAP$ ! >RE/S & %OOT+S BY ! ,AU/RO-,G]MANS & ! EXECUTION]S ( ! REVOLUTION1 & :O W]E /ILL DET]M9$ TO FI<T BACK4 ,NOT WAIT+ = \R COMRADES TO RETURN FROM ,RUSSIA1 & UNDET]R$ BY ! RISKS 9VOLV$ 9 \R SOJ\RNS 9 VILLAGES1 :I* W]E =EV] SUBJECT TO RAIDS & SE>* OP]ATIONS BY ! OCCUPI]S & !IR ALLIES1 (T5 FOLL[$ BY ! >RE/ & EXECUTION ( \R MO/ ACTIVE COMRADES1 WE MANAG$ QUITE QUICKLY TO GET UP & RUNN+ AN ORGANIZATION DESIGN$ TO PAVE ! WAY TO ! REVOLUTION>Y UPRIS+ ( ! PEASANT MASSES AGA9/ ! ,HETMAN & HIS FEUDAL-AGR>IAN REGIME1 AS WELL AS AGA9/ !IR PROTECTORS1 ! ,AU/RO-,HUNG>IAN-,G]MAN TROOPS4 ,\R LANGUAGE AT ! TIME W5T LIKE ?IS3 

,PEASANTS1 WORK]S & Y\1 ! WORK+ 9TELLIG5TSIA6 ,SUPPORT ! REBIR? & EXPANSION ( ! REVOLUTION AS ! MO/ RELIABLE WEAPON 9 ! FI<T AGA9/ ,CAPITAL & ! ,/ATE6 ,SUPPORT ! CREATION & /R5G!N+ ( A FREE SOCIETY ( WORK]S 9 Y\R LIFE-TIME1 \R COMMON OBJECTIVE6 ,Y\ MU/ ORGANIZE Y\RSELVES1 =M P>TISAN /YLE REVOLUTION>Y COMBAT DETA*M5TS & BATTALIONS FROM AMONG Y\R RANKS1 !N RISE UP1 SET UPON ! ,HETMAN & ! ,AU/RO-,G]MAN EMP]ORS - ?OSE :O S5T !IR SAVAGE C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y >MIES AGA9/ US - & AT ALL CO/S DEFEAT !SE EXECUTION]S ( ! REVOLUTION & ( FRE$OM 4 4 4 6 

,! TOIL+ MASSES LI/5$ TO US & !Y UND]/OOD US4 ,VILLAGES & HAMLETS F> REMOV$ FROM ,GULYAI-,POLYE ITSELF S5T !IR DELEGATES TO SEE US1 SEEK+ TO JO9 ! AN>*I/ GR\P & !N BR+ ONE ( ITS MEMB]S BACK ) !M = DISCUSSIONS & TO PREP>E ! WAY = ! UPRIS+4 ,AT ?AT TIME ,I US$ TO TRAVEL EI!R ALONE OR ) ?REE OR F\R COMRADES3 ,I HELD CL&E/9E MEET+S ) ! PEASANTS FROM !SE VILLAGES & DI/RICTS4 ,AFT] TWO MON?S ( ?IS DEM&+ & DOGG$ PROPAG&A & ORGANIZ+ EF=T1 C>RI$ \T BY ! REGION'S PEASANTS1 \R ,GULYAI-,POLYE LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ GR\P OBS]V$ ?AT A SW>M ( WORK]S /OOD READY TO FOLL[ ITS LEAD1 AMONG !M MANY >M$ REBELS DET]M9$ TO PUT AN 5D TO ! ECONOMIC & POLITICAL >BITR>9ESS ( ! ,HETMAN & ! ,AU/RO-,G]MAN JUNK]S4 

,I RECALL ONE TIME :5 ! DELEGATES FROM ! UNITS :I* WE HAD ALREADY ORGANIZ$ SP5T A WEEK T\R+ ! REGION 9 AN ATTEMPT TO L9K UP ) ME4 ,I :O WAS ! MAN ! B\RGEOISIE & ! ,AU/RO-,G]MAN COMM& LOV$ TO HATE4 ,= MY P>T1 ,I TOO TRAVEL$ >\ND FROM VILLAGE TO VILLAGE 9 ! COMPANY ( TWO OR ?REE COMRADES1 C>RY+ \T MY ORGANIZ+ DRIVE4 ,!Y MANAGE TO L9K UP ) ME & ON BEHALF ( ?OSE :O HAD S5T !M1 !Y ASK$ ME NOT TO PO/PONE ! UNLEA%+ ( ! G5]AL >M$ 9SURRECTION AGA9/ ! REVOLUTION'S 5EMIES TO SOME DATE DEEM$ MORE OPPORTUNE4 ,!Y 9=M$ ME3 

74 4 47 ,NE/OR ,IVANOVIT*1 COME BACK TO ,GULYAI-,POLYE TO RAISE ITS 9HABITANTS 9 REVOLT6 ,IF !Y RISE1 ALL VILLAGES1 DI/RICTS & REGIONS WILL FOLL[ SUIT4 ,) Y\R B& ( AGITATOR COMRADES1 BY D9T ( Y\R ZEAL\S EF=TS1 Y\ HAVE ALREADY BR\<T Y\R T[N%IP ( ,GULYAI-,POLYE TO A R>E FEV] PIT* ( REVOLUTION>Y REVOLT AGA9/ ! ,HETMAN & ! ,AU/RO-,G]MANS4 ,Y\R SUMMONS1 ISSU$ FROM REBEL ,GULYAI-,POLYE1 WILL DO MORE = ! WORK ( 9SURRECTION = :I* WE WILL ALL PREP>E \RSELVES1 ?AN ALL !SE WEEKS Y\ HAVE SP5T T\R+ ! VILLAGES TO PREP>E ! WAY = ?IS UND]TAK+ ) V]BAL AGITATION1 EXPOS+ Y\R V]Y LIFE TO ! GREATE/ RISKS4 

,I DID NOT LET MYSELF BE SWAY$ BY SU* TRU/ & ! TRIBUTE PAID TO \R GR\P & TO ME P]SONALLY4 ,DEVOID ( ANY REVOLUTION>Y VANITY1 ,I /ROVE TO 9CULCATE ! SAME PRECEPT 9TO MY FRI5DS & ! MASSES AMONG :OM WE W]E OP]AT+2 IT WAS A MATT] ( RETA9+ ! LUCIDITY & UND]/&+ ?AT WE HAD CONJUR$ 9TO EXI/5CE = ! PROSECUTION ( ! REVOLUTION1 :I* HAD BE5 /ALL$ = ! TIME BE+ BY ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y EXECUTION]S4 

,MY TRAVELS ?R\< ! REVOLUTION>Y C5T]S ( ,RUSSIA1 ! EXP]I5CES & OBS]VATIONS ,I HAD G>N]$ FROM !M1 HAD ALL OP5$ MY EYES TO A LOT ( ?+S4 ,IT WAS = ALL !SE REASONS ?AT ALONG ) MY FRI5DS FROM ! ,GULYAI-,POLYE LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ GR\P1 ,I HAD DEVOT$ MYSELF TO ! ORGANIZ+ ( ! PEASANT UPRIS+ AGA9/ ! 5EMIES ( ! REVOLUTION & BE5 SCRUPUL\SLY WAT*FUL LE/ ANY UND]PLAY+ ( \R ROLE MAKE US =GETFUL ( ! REAL TASKS ?AT HAD FALL5 TO \R LOT4 ,?US TO ALL ! IMPORTUNATE DEM&S FROM PEASANTS ?AT ! RIS+ BE UNLEA%$1 ,I CONT9UALLY REPEAT$1 9 MY CAPACITY AS 9/IGATOR & *IEF ( ! 9SURRECTION3 

,D[N Y\R WAY1 >E ALL Y\R =CES CONNECT$ 5\< ) Y\R GR\P 9 ORGANIZATIONAL T]MS8 ,HAVE Y\ ALL UND]/OOD ?AT ! 9SURRECTION MU/ ]UPT EV]Y:]E AT ! SAME TIME1 EV5 ?\< ! DIFF]5T DI/RICTS >E F> FROM ONE ANO!R8 

- ,IF Y\ HAVE REALIZ$ ?AT1 IT W\LD NOT BE A WA/E ( TIME TO REFLECT ONE MORE TIME ON ! MO/ PRODUCTIVE WAY ( LAUN*+ \R >M$ /RUGGLE4 ,ESPECIALLY AS WE >E A LONG WAY FROM HAV+ ACCESS TO ! SAME TE*NICAL RES\RCES AS \R 5EMIES1 :5 9DE$ \R FIR/ BL[S WE /RIKE WILL HAVE TO SECURE US A NUMB] ( RIFLES & >TILL]Y PIECES1 AS WELL AS TW5TY C>TRIDGES & %ELLS = EA* RIFLE & CANNON4 

- ,SU* A SUCCESS WILL BE D\BLY SATISFY+ TO US1 = WE %ALL PROMPTLY D]IVE GREAT] DET]M9ATION FROM IT1 POLITICALLY1 ORGANIZATIONALLY & 9 FI<T+ T]MS ALIKE4 ,FOLL[+ ?AT 9ITIAL SUCCESS1 ALL \R P>TISAN DETA*M5TS WILL FALL UPON ! 5EMY FROM EV]Y SIDE1 !REBY S[+ ! MO/ UTT] CONFUSION AMONG ! ,AU/RO-,G]MAN COMM& & ! ,HETMAN'S GOV]NM5T1 9 \R ,L[] ,DNIEPR & ,DONET ,BAS9 REGION AT ANY RATE4 ,!N1 DUR+ ! SUMM]1 EV5TS %\LD TAKE A MORE FAVORABLE TURN = US & ALL[ US TO /EP UP \R /RUGGLE EV5 FUR!R4 

,!SE W]E T]MS 9 :I* WE AN>*I/ PEASANTS ADDRESS$ ! TOIL+ MASSES AT A TIME ( DIRE DIFFICULTY = ! REVOLUTION & \R MOVEM5T'S IDEAS4 ,! QUE/ION MI<T BE POS$3 ,:Y W]E WE SO V]Y1 P]HAPS EV5 UNDULY1 CAUTI\S AB\T \R 9FLU5CE OV] ! MASSES1 :5 !Y W]E ! FIR/ TO CALL = AN UPRIS+ AGA9/ ! OPPRESSORS8 ,:Y1 IT MI<T BE ASK$1 :5 WE W]E NATURALLY C>RI$ AWAY BY ! SPIRIT ( REVOLT1 HAD WE NOT SIMPLY PLAC$ \RSELVES AT ! HEAD ( !SE MASSES1 SO IMBU$ ) ! ELEM5TS UNLEA%$ BY ! REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/ TEMPE/ :I* WAS QUITE B]EFT ( ULT]IOR POLITICAL MOTIVES8 ,N[ ?IS MI<T SEEM ODD1 BUT \R ATTITUDE WAS DET]M9$ SOLELY BY ! CIRCUM/ANCES ( ! TIME ESPECIALLY BY ?OSE ?AT 9 ! LIB]T>IAN MOVEM5T >E ONLY R>ELY ACKN[L$G$ AS CRUCIAL4 ,9DE$1 = AN ACTIVE REVOLUTION>Y VANGU>D1 ?IS WAS A TIME ( GREAT /RA91 = IT REQUIR$ PA9/AK+ PREP>ATION ( ! UPRIS+4 ,\R ,GULYAI-,POLYE LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ GR\P WAS JU/ SU* A VANGU>D & EV5TS L$ IT TO POSE ! QUE/ION ( :E!R IT %\LD ASSUME COMPLETE RESPONSIBILITY = LEAD+ ! MOVEM5T ( ! SEE?+ TOIL+ MASSES OR SURR5D] ?AT ROLE TO SOMEONE ( !SE P>TIES ) !IR READY MADE PROGRAMS & :I* ALSO HAD ACCESS TO DIRECT SUPPORT FROM ! 'REVOLUTION>Y' ,BOL%EVIK GOV]NM5T 9 ,MOSC[8 

,?AT QUE/ION MADE LIFE DIFFICULT = \R GR\P1 ESPECIALLY AS 9 SU* BUSY TIMES !RE WAS NO QUE/ION ( 9VOK+ AN>*ISM'S AB/RACT NOTIONS ) !IR REJECTION ( DISCIPL9$ ORGANIZATION ( REVOLUTION>Y =CES1 ! UP%OT ( :I* WAS ?AT AN>*I/S W\LD HAVE F\ND !MSELVES ISOLAT$ 9 REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVITY & /R&$ BY ! V]Y EXI/5CE ( ! CREATIVE & PRODUCTIVE P>T ?AT WAS 9 PR9CIPLE !IRS TO PLAY4 ,= ALL ! REVOLUTION>Y >DOR & FIR/ H& EXP]I5CE ?AT IMPELL$ US TO SP>E NO EF=T TO ?W>T ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION1 WE ASPIR$ TO ACT AS AN>*I/S ) AN ABID+ FAI? 9 ! CORRECTNESS ( ! DOCTR9E'S FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLES4 ,H[EV]1 WE W]E WELL AW>E ( ! DISORGANIZATION PREVAIL+ )9 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T1 DO+ IT CONSID]ABLE DAMAGE & PLAY+ 9TO ! H&S ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS & ! ,LEFT ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION>IES4 ,WE ALSO REALIZ$ ?AT ?IS HABITUAL DISORGANIZATION WAS A LOT MORE FIRMLY ROOT$ AMONG MO/ AN>*I/S ?AN ! POSITIVE ASPECTS ( !IR TEA*+ & ?AT AS A RESULT1 ?IS DISORGANIZATION WAS SO MU* ! *IEF TRAIT ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T ?AT IT C\LD NOT BE EI!R COMPREH5D$ OR SUPPORT$ BY ! MASSES1 :O HAD NO DESIRE TO GO BL9DLY TO !IR DEA?S 9 SOME PO9TLESS /RUGGLE4 

,WE HAD FURNI%$ ! BE/ POSSIBLE SOLUTION TO ?IS PROBLEM BY ORGANIZ+ ! 9SURRECTION DIRECTLY & PAY+ NO HE$ TO ! POSSIBLE C>P+ FROM \R FELL[-BELIEV]S REG>D+ ?IS VANGU>DI/ /ANCE :I* !Y SAW AS ILL SUIT$ TO AN>*I/ TEA*+S4 ,?US 9 PRACTICE WE DISPOS$ ( SU* 9CONSEQU5TIAL BLA!R ?AT WAS SO DAMAG+ TO \R CAUSE & CONC5TRAT$ 9/EAD ON SEE+ ! /RUGGLE ?R\< TO COMPLETE VICTORY4 ,H[EV]1 ?IS REQUIR$ ?AT REVOLUTION>Y AN>*ISM1 IF IT S\<T TO PLAY ITS P>T PROP]LY & FULFILL ITS ACTIVE TASK 9 CONTEMPOR>Y REVOLUTIONS1 FACE UP TO IMM5SE DEM&S ( AN ORGANIZATIONAL NATURE :E!R 9 ! TRA9+ ( ITS P]SONNEL OR 9 DEF9+ ITS DYNAMIC ROLE 9 ! E>LY DAYS ( ! REVOLUTION :5 ! TOIL+ MASSES W]E (T5 GROP+ !IR WAY4 

,COGNIZANT ( ! ATOMIZATION ( AN>*I/ CIRCLES & !IR SEMI-LEGAL EXI/5CE T[NS & CITIES1 :]E ! ,BOL%EVIKS W]E SET UPON DE/ROY+ !M OR MAK+ !M 9TO AUXILI>IES ( ! ,BOL%EVIK AU?ORITIES1 WE PEASANT AN>*I/S OP]AT$ 9 ! C\NTRYSIDE 9 SU* A WAY AS TO 5SURE ?AT ! VOICE ( \R AN>*I/ MOVEM5T GOT A HE>+ !RE & TO DRAW \T ALL ?AT WAS BE/ & HEAL?IE/ FROM ! T[NS SO AS TO RAISE ! FLAG ( REVOLT AGA9/ ! ,HETMAN & HIS ,AU/RO-,G]MAN SPONSORS4 

,IT WAS ) ?IS 9 M9D ?AT \R GR\P S*OOL$ ! REGION'S TOIL+ PEASANTRY :IL/ NOT SURR5D]+ ONE IOTA ( BASIC AN>*I/ PR9CIPLES3 IT BOO/$ ! >M$ /RUGGLE & DRAFT$ ! POLITICAL PROGRAM ( ! 9SURG5T MOVEM5T :I* SOON CAME TO KN[N EV]Y:]E AS ! 0,BATKO ,MAKHNO REVOLUTION>Y UNITS40 

,SO /RONG & PRODUCTIVE W]E ! GR\P'S 9FLU5CE & MY [N ?AT NO POLITICAL =CE 9IMICAL TO AN>*ISM1 P>TICUL>LY ! SOCIALI/ P>TIES1 HAD ANY *ANCE ( PREVAIL+ AGA9/ !M 9 ! M9DS ( ! 9SURG5T MASSES1 :O HE$$ NEI!R !IR SLOGANS NOR 9DE$ ! SPEE*IFY+ ( !IR ORATORS4 ,MAKHNO'S WORDS & ?OSE ( ! MEMB]S ( ! ,GULYAI-,POLYE LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ PEASANT GR\P REG>D+ ! FRE$OM & 9DEP5D5CE ( WORK]S VIS-A-VIS ,CAPITAL & ITS S]VANT1 ! ,/ATE1 W]E TAK5 ON BO>D BY ! MASSES & !IR IMPORT REG>D$ AS ! BASIS = ! /RUGGLE TO REPLACE ! NOXI\S ORGANIZATION ( B\RGEOIS CAPITALI/ SOCIETY BY ! FREE ORGANIZATION ( TOIL]S4 

,IT WAS 9 ! NAME ( ?AT OBJECTIVE ?AT ! PEASANT MASSES CREAT$ A MI<TY >M$ =CE1 PLAC$ IT UND] ! COMM& ( ! ,/AFF ORGANIZ$ BY ! ,GULYAI-,POLYE LIB]T>IAN GR\P & !REAFT] SU/A9$ IT ON A P]MAN5T BASIS4 ,!SE ECONOMIC & PSY*OLOGICAL TIES W]E NEV] BROK5 AFT] ?AT1 ) ! TOIL+ POPULATION UN/9T+LY RALLY+ >\ND ! MOVEM5T EV5 9 ITS D>KE/ DAYS1 KEEP+ IT SUPPLI$ ) MANP[] & PROVISIONS4 

,9 ?IS WAY ! ,GULYAI-,POLYE REGION QUICKLY BECAME A L& AP>T1 = ALL /ATI/ T5D5CIES W]E BANI%$ FROM ITS SELF-ORGANIZATION4 ,! SAVAGE HORDES ( ,AU/RO-,G]MANS :O HAD HI!RTO KN[N NO RE/RA9T UPON !IR >BITR>9ESS1 W]E SMA%$ & DIS>M$1 ) !IR WEAPONRY BE+ TAK5 OV] BY ! MOVEM5T4 

,CONSEQU5TLY !SE TROOPS BEGAN TO SCURRY \T ( ! REGION3 AS = ! ,HETMAN ,SKOROPADSKY'S M51 SOME W]E HANG$1 O!RS DRIV5 \T4 ,! ,BOL%EVIK GOV]NM5T SOON LE>N$ ( ! EXI/5CE ( ?IS PR\D REGION AS WELL AS ( ! AN>*I/S :O W]E ! 9SPIRATION BEH9D ITS 9SURG5T MOVEM5T4 ,IT WAS AT ?IS PO9T ?AT ,BOL%EVIK NEWSPAP]S US$ TO MAKE NO BONES AB\T CIT+ ! NAME ( ,MAKHNO ON !IR FRONT PAGES1 REPORT+ DAILY ! SUCCESSES ( ! CAMPAIGN WAG$ UND] HIS LEAD]%IP4 

,! 9SURG5T MOVEM5T =G$ AHEAD4 ,HAV+ R\T$ ! ,AU/RO-,G]MANS1 !N DRIV5 \T ! ,HETMAN'S M5 FROM A SUCCESSION ( DI/RICTS 9 ! ,UKRA9E1 IT 5C\NT]$ ! BEG9N+S ( ! ,D5IK9I/ BACKLA% & ! ,UKRA9IAN ,DIRECTORY - BETT] KN[N AS ! ',PETLIUROV%*9A' - AGA9/ :I* !Y PROMPTLY DEPLOY$ ALL !IR EF=TS UND] ! DIRECTION ( ! AN>*I/ PEASANTS1 AS EV]1 !Y BE+ ! REVOLUTION'S MO/ DEVOT$ SONS4 ,A BROAD FRONT WAS BUILT UP AGA9/ !SE NEW FOES & H]OIC MILIT>Y OP]ATIONS CONDUCT$ 9 ! 9T]E/S ( ! REVOLUTION & A NEW1 FREE SOCIETY ( TOIL]S4 

,AGA9/ ?IS BACKDROP1 ! AN>*I/ PEASANTS ORGANIZ$ ! 9SURG5T MOVEM5T ( ! ,UKRA9E'S TOIL]S1 :I* SUBSEQU5TLY GREW 9TO ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T4 ,9 LI<T ( ?IS SUMM>Y1 ALBEIT AN 9COMPLETE ONE1 ?OSE :O HAVE 5C\NT]$ ! FAIRY TALES P$DL$ BY ! 5EMIES ( ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A & ON OCCASION BY C]TA9 ( ITS 0FRI5DS10 D>+ TO SUGGE/ ?AT ?IS GRASSROOTS MOVEM5T HAD NO IDEOLOGY1 ?AT ITS DOCTR9AL & POLITICAL 9SPIRATIONS ALIKE W]E DRAWN FROM \TSIDE1 WILL BE 9 A POSITION TO CONCLUDE ?AT SU* ALLEGATIONS >E UTT]LY )\T F\NDATION4 

,! GUIDES ( ! MOVEM5T1 AS WELL AS ! TOIL+ PEASANT MASSES :O BACK$ IT FROM />T TO F9I%1 >E WELL AW>E ?AT IT WAS ORGANIZ$ BY ! ,GULYAI-,POLYE LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ GR\P & ?AT IT ALWAYS 5%R9$ ! AN>*I/ EXPECTATIONS ( ?OSE :O W]E NOT MISL$ BY REVOLUTION>Y V]BALISM NOR BY ! *AOTIC T5D5CIES & IRRESPONSIBLE M5TALITY SO FREQU5TLY 5C\NT]$ 9 ! T[NS4 ,! 9SPIRATIONS & ORGANIZ]S ( ! 9SURG5T MOVEM5T SU* AS ! ,K>ETNIK BRO!RS1 ,ALEXIS ,M>*5KO1 ! ,SEM5YUTA BRO!RS1 ! ,DOMA%5KO BRO!RS1 ! ,MAKHNO BRO!RS1 ,LYUTY1 ,ZUI*5KO1 ,KORO/ELEV1 ,TROYAN1 ,DANILOV1 ,TYKH5KO1 ,MO%T*5KO1 ,A4 ,*UB5KO & LOTS ( O!RS1 W]E ALL AN>*I/S4 ,MANY ( !M HAD BE5 ACTIVE AMONG ! PEASANTS BACK 9 #a#i#f-#a#i#g & W]E 9 FACT ! MOVEM5T'S PIONE]S4 ,IT WAS !Y1 ALONG ) O!RS FROM 9SIDE ! MOVEM5T1 :O SU/A9$ IT 9 T]MS ( ITS POLITICAL IDEAS AS WELL AS ( ITS MILIT>Y & /RATEGIC ORGANIZATION4 ,ANY HELP FROM AN>*I/ ORGANIZATIONS1 ! ONES CLOSE/ 9 T]MS ( !IR ?9K+1 WAS EAG]LY AWAIT$ BUT TO \R GREAT REGRET WAS NEV] =?COM+ 9 AN ORGANIZATIONAL WAY4 ,= ! FIR/ N9E MON?S ( ITS MILIT>Y OP]ATIONS AGA9/ ! REVOLUTION'S 5EMIES1 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T SAW NO?+ FROM :AT %\LD HAVE BE5 ITS NATURAL FRI5DS1 ! URBAN AN>*I/S4 ,IT WAS ONLY LAT] ?AT SOME CAME \T TO JO9 IT1 9 AN 9DIVIDUAL CAPACITY MA9LY1 ESPECIALLY ?OSE :O W]E 9DEBT$ TO ! MOVEM5T = !IR RELEASE FROM 5EMY H&S4 ,! LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ GR\P FROM ,IVANOVO-,VOSNESS5SK1 HEAD$ BY COMRADES ,MAKEYEV & ,A4 ,*]NYAKOV1 WAS ! ONLY ONE TO ?R[ 9 ITS LOT ) ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T1 9 AN ORGANIZATIONAL WAY4 ,IT R5D]$ IT NE$$ & SIGNIFICANT HELP1 BUT UN=TUNATELY ONLY TEMPOR>ILY1 = MO/ ( ITS MEMB]S DRIFT$ AWAY A %ORT TIME LAT]4 

,?R\<\T !SE T\< YE>S ( AN UNEQUAL1 EXACT+ & 7POLITICALLY & HI/ORICALLY7 TELL+ /RUGGLE1 ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T DREW ALL ITS SU/5ANCE EXCLUSIVELY FROM ITS [N 9T]NAL RES\RCES4 ,?IS1 ,I AM CONV9C$1 WAS ! ESS5TIAL REASON :Y IT WAS ABLE TO /ICK /AUN*LY TO ITS REVOLUTION>Y PO/ &1 DESPITE ! 5DLESS FI<T+ DUE TO ITS BE+ 5CIRCL$ AT ALL TIMES1 ! REASON :Y IT FOLL[$ NO O!R PA? BUT ?AT ( AN>*ISM & SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 

,ABID+ BY ITS AN>*I/ IDEAS1 =BIDD+ ! ,/ATE & ITS SUPPORT]S FROM 9T]F]+ ) ! SELF-DIRECTION ( ! URBAN & RURAL TOIL]S 9 !IR 5DEAVORS TO BUILD A FREE SOCIETY1 ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T C\LD NOT ( C\RSE EXPECT ANY HELP FROM ! /ATI/ POLITICAL P>TIES3 ON ! O!R H&1 IT WAS 5TITL$ TO LOOK = SU* HELP TO ! AN>*I/ ORGANIZATIONS 9 ! T[NS1 :I* HELP1 UN=TUNATELY1 NEV] CAME4 ,DISORGANIZATIONAL PRACTICES W]E SO DEEP ROOT$ AT ?AT TIME AMONG ! BULK ( ! AN>*I/S AS TO BL9D !M TO :AT WAS GO+ ON 9 ! C\NTRYSIDE4 ,ON ! :OLE1 !Y FAIL$ TO NOTICE OR TO GRASP 9 TIME ! AN>*I/ SPIRIT ABROAD 9 ! PEASANTRY1 &1 AS A RESULT TO BR+ !IR 9FLU5CE TO BE> ON ! URBAN WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS4 ,HAV+ TAK5 NOTE ( ?IS D]ELICTION1 ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T ?US HAS NO REASON TO FEEL GRATEFUL = ?IS DEFECT 9 ! AN>*I/S' URBAN ORGANIZATIONS4 ,\T ( ?IS APPRECIATION >OSE ITS FAI? 9 ! RI<TNESS ( ! POSITIONS IT ADOPT$ REG>D+ ! REVOLUTION>Y 5DEAVOR4 ,IT WAS ABLE TO ABIDE FIRMLY BY !SE1 :I* 5ABL$ IT TO FI<T ON = SO MANY YE>S :IL/ RELY+ SOLELY UPON ITS [N RES\RCES4 ,9 !REBY LIV+ UP TO ITS REVOLUTION>Y DUTY1 :I* WAS BO? ON]\S & CRUCIAL1 ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T MADE BUT ONE S]I\S MI/AKE3 IT JO9$ =CES ) ,BOL%EVISM TO WAGE A JO9T CAMPAIGN AGA9/ ,WRANGEL & ! ,5T5TE4 ,:ILE ?AT COMPACT LA/$1 & IT WAS C]TA9LY VALUABLE PRACTICALLY & PSY*OLOGICALLY = ! SUCCESS ( ! REVOLUTION1 ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T WAS MI/AK5 AB\T ! ,BOL%EVIKS' REVOLUTIONISM & FAIL$ TO TAKE PREV5TIVE /EPS 9 TIME AGA9/ !IR TREA*]Y4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKS TREA*]\SLY ATTACK$ IT1 ) ! ASSI/ANCE ( ALL !IR 0SOLDI]Y0 &1 ALBEIT ) GREAT DIFFICULTY1 DEFEAT$ IT = A TIME4 

,FROM ,DJELO ,TRUDA ,NO4 #d#d-#d#e1 ,JANU>Y_/,FEBRU>Y #a#i#b#h1 PP4 #c-#g4 

O ,*APT] #c 3 ,ON ,DEF5SE ( ! ,REVOLUTION 

,)9 ! CONTEXT ( ! DEBATE ?AT HAS TAK5 PLACE AMONG \R COMRADES FROM MANY L&S REG>D+ ! ,DRAFT ,PLAT=M ( ! ,G5]AL ,UNION ( ,AN>*I/S1 PUBLI%$ BY ! GR\P ( ,RUSSIAN AN>*I/S ABROAD1 ,I HAVE BE5 ASK$ FROM SEV]AL QU>T]S TO WRITE A PIECE SPECIFICALLY DEVOT$ TO ! ISSUE ( ! DEF5SE ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,I %ALL /RIVE TO DEAL ) IT MO/ DILIG5TLY1 BUT1 BE=E ,I DO1 ,I ?9K ,I HAVE A DUTY TO 9=M COMRADES ?AT ?IS IS NOT ! C5TRAL ISSUE ( ! ,DRAFT ,PLAT=M3 ! CRUX ( IT IS ! NECESSITY ( A*IEV+ ! MO/ CONSI/5T UNITY 9 \R LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ RANKS4 ,?AT PORTION ASKS ONLY = AM5DM5T & COMPLETION BE=E IMPLEM5TATION4 ,O!RWISE1 IF WE DO NOT /RIVE TO M>%AL \R =CES1 \R MOVEM5T WILL BE CONDEMN$ TO SUCCUMB ONCE & = ALL TO ! 9FLU5CES ( LIB]ALS & OPPORTUNI/S :O HAUNT \R CIRCLES1 IF NOT \TRI<T SPECULATORS & POLITICAL ADV5TUR]S1 :O1 AT BE/1 CAN PRATTLE ON & ON BUT >E 9CAPABLE ( FI<T+ ON ! GR\ND = ! ATTA9M5T ( \R GREAT OBJECTIVES4 ,! LATT] CAN ONLY HAPP5 IF WE C>RY ALONG ) US ALL :O 9/9CTIVELY BELIEVE 9 ! RI<TNESS ( \R /RUGGLE & :O SEEK TO A*IEVE ! WIDE/ POSSIBLE FRE$OM & 9DEP5D5CE ?R\< REVOLUTION1 SO AS TO BUILD A NEW LIFE & A NEW SOCIETY1 :]E9 ! 9DIVIDUAL MAY AT LA/ & UNIMP$$ EX]CISE HIS CREATIVE DRIVE ON BEHALF ( ! G5]AL GOOD4 

,AS F> AS ! SPECIFIC ISSUE ( DEF5SE ( ! REVOLUTION GOES1 ,I %ALL BE RELY+ UPON MY FIR/-H& EXP]I5CES DUR+ ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION 9 ! ,UKRA9E1 9 ! C\RSE ( ?AT UNEQUAL1 BUT DECISIVE /RUGGLE WAG$ BY ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T ( ! ,UKRA9IAN TOIL]S4 ,?OSE EXP]I5CES TAU<T ME1 FIR/1 ?AT DEF5SE ( ! REVOLUTION IS DIRECTLY B\ND UP ) ITS (F5SIVE AGA9/ ! ,C\NT]REVOLUTION3 SECONDLY1 ITS EXPANSION & ITS 9T5SITY >E AT ALL TIMES CONDITION$ BY ! RESI/ANCE ( ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION>IES3 ?IRDLY1 :AT FOLL[S FROM ! ABOVE1 NAMELY ?AT REVOLUTION>Y ACTIONS >E CLOSELY DEP5D5T ON ! POLITICAL CONT5T1 /RUCTURE & ORGANIZATIONAL ME?ODS ADOPT$ BY ! >M$ REVOLUTION>Y DETA*M5TS1 :O >E OBLIG$ TO CONFRONT CONV5TIONAL1 C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y >MIES ALONG A HUGE FRONT4 

,9 ITS FI<T AGA9/ ITS 5EMIES1 ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION AT FIR/ BEGAN BY ORGANIZ+ ,R$ ,GU>D DETA*M5TS UND] ! LEAD]%IP ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS4 ,IT WAS V]Y QUICKLY SPOTT$ ?AT !SE FAIL$ TO )/& ! PRESSURES FROM 5EMY TROOPS1 TO BE SPECIFIC1 ! ,G]MAN1 ,AU/RIAN & ,HUNG>IAN EXP$ITION>Y CORPS1 = ! SIMPLE REASON ?AT1 MO/ ( ! TIME1 !Y OP]AT$ )\T ANY OV]ALL OP]ATIONAL GUIDE-L9ES4 ,?AT IS :Y ! ,BOL%EVIKS TURN$ 9 ! SPR+ ( #aiah TO ! ORGANIZATION ( A ,R$ ,>MY4 

,IT WAS !N ?AT WE ISSU$ ! CALL TO =M 0FREE BATTALIONS0 ( ,UKRA9IAN TOIL]S4 ,IT QUICKLY TRANSPIR$ ?AT ?AT ORGANIZATION WAS P[]LESS TO SURVIVE 9T]NAL PROVOCATIONS ( EV]Y SORT1 GIV5 ?AT1 )\T ADEQUATE VETT+1 POLITICAL OR SOCIAL1 IT TOOK 9 ALL VOLUNTE]S PROVID$ ONLY ?AT !Y WANT$ TO TAKE UP !IR WEAPONS & FI<T4 ,?IS WAS :Y ! >M$ UNITS E/ABLI%$ BY ?AT ORGANIZATION W]E TREA*]\SLY DELIV]$ TO ! 5EMY1 A FACT ?AT PREV5T$ IT FROM SEE+ ?R\< ITS HI/ORICAL MISSION 9 ! FI<T AGA9/ ! =EIGN C\NT]-REVOLUTION4 

,H[EV]1 FOLL[+ ?AT 9ITIAL SET-BACK TO ! 0FREE BATTALIONS0 ORGANIZATION - :I* MI<T BE DESCRIB$ AS FI<T+ UNITS ( ! REVOLUTION'S FIR/ L9E ( DEF5SE - WE DID NOT LOSE \R HEADS4 ,! ORGANIZATION WAS SOME:AT OV]HAUL$ 9 ITS =MAT3 ! BATTALIONS W]E COMPLEM5T$ BY LI<T P>TISAN DETA*M5TS ( A MIX$ TYPE1 ?AT IS1 COMPRIS+ 9FANTRY & CAVALRY ALIKE4 ,! TASK ( !SE DETA*M5TS WAS TO OP]ATE F> BEH9D ! 5EMY'S L9ES4 ,?IS ORGANIZATION PROV$ ITSELF DUR+ ITS OP]ATIONS AGA9/ ! ,AU/RO-,G]MAN EXP$ITION>Y =CES & ! B&S ( ! ,HETMAN ,SKOROPADSKY1 !IR ALLY1 DUR+ ! LATE SUMM] & AUTUMN ( #a#i#a#h4 

,/ICK+ TO ?AT =M ( ORGANIZ+ ! DEF5SE ( ! REVOLUTION1 ! ,UKRA9IAN TOIL]S W]E ABLE TO WRE/ FROM ! CLUT*ES ( ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION>IES ! NOOSE ?AT ! LATT] HAD ?R[N >\ND ! REVOLUTION 9 ! ,UKRA9E4 ,:AT IS MORE1 NOT CONT5T ) DEF5D+ ! REVOLUTION1 !Y FOLL[$ IT ?R\< AS FULLY AS !Y C\LD4"9 

,AS ! 9T]NAL C\NT]-REVOLUTION SPREAD 9SIDE ! C\NTRY1 IT RECEIV$ AID FROM O!R C\NTRIES1 NOT JU/ 9 ! =M ( >MS & MUNITIONS BUT ALSO 9 ! %APE ( TROOPS4 ,DESPITE ?AT1 \R ORGANIZATION ( ! DEF5SE ( ! REVOLUTION ALSO EXP&$ 9 SIZE & AT ! SAME TIME1 AS ! NE$ >OSE1 ADOPT$ A NEW =MAT & MORE SUITABLE FI<T+ ME?ODS4 

,WE KN[ ?AT ! MO/ P]IL\S C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y FRONT AT ?AT TIME WAS MANN$ BY ! >MY ( ,G5]AL ,D5IK93 H[EV]1 ! 9SURG5T MOVEM5T HELD ITS [N AGA9/ HIM = FIVE TO SIX MON?S4 ,A FAIR NUMB] ( ! BE/ ,D5IK9I/ COMM&]S CAME TO GRIEF AGA9/ \R UNITS :I* HAD NO WEAPONS O!R ?AN ?OSE TAK5 FROM ! 5EMY4 ,\R ORGANIZATION MADE A L>GE CONTRIBUTION TO ?AT3 )\T TRAMPL+ ON ! AUTONOMY ( ! FI<T+ UNITS1 IT REORGANIZ$ !M 9TO REGIM5TS & BRIGADES COORD9AT$ BY A COMMON OP]ATIONAL ,/AFF4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT ! E/ABLI%M5T ( ! LATT] WAS FEASIBLE ONLY ?ANKS TO ! APPRECIATION BY ! TOIL+ REVOLUTION>Y MASSES S]V+ ON ! FRONT L9ES FAC+ ! 5EMY AS WELL AS BEH9D HIS L9ES1 ( ! NECESSITY ( A S+LE MILIT>Y COMM&4 ,FUR!RMORE1 /ILL UND] ! 9FLU5CE ( \R LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ PEASANT GR\P FROM ,GULYAI-,POLYE1 ! TOIL]S ALSO SAW TO IT ?AT EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL WAS AW>D$ EQUAL RI<TS TO TAKE P>T 9 ! CON/RUCTION ( ! NEW SOCIETY1 9 EV]Y SPH]E1 9CLUD+ ! OBLIGATION TO DEF5D ITS GA9S4 

,?US1 :IL/ ! ,D5IK9 FRONT ?REAT5$ ! V]Y LIFE ( ! LIB]T>IAN REVOLUTION :I* WAS BE+ WAT*$ ) A LIVELY 9T]E/ BY ! POPULATION AT L>GE1 ! REVOLUTION>Y TOIL]S CAME TOGE!R ON ! BASIS ( \R ORGANIZATIONAL NOTION ( DEF5SE ( ! REVOLUTION1 MAK+ ?AT !IR [N & !Y BOL/]$ ! 9SURG5T >MY ) A REGUL> 9FLUX ( FRE% COMBATANTS TO RELIEVE ! W\ND$ & ! WE>Y4 

,ELSE:]E1 ! PRACTICAL REQUIREM5TS ( ! /RUGGLE 9DUC$ \R MOVEM5T TO E/ABLI% AN OP]ATIONAL & ORGANIZATIONAL ,/AFF TO %>E ! OV]SI<T ( ALL ! FI<T+ UNITS4 ,IT IS BECAUSE ( ?IS PRACTICE ?AT ,I F9D MYSELF UNABLE TO SUBSCRIBE TO ! VIEW ?AT REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/S REJECT ! NE$ = SU* A ,/AFF TO OV]SEE ! >M$ REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE /RATEGICALLY4 ,I AM CONV9C$ ?AT ANY REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/ F9D+ HIMSELF 9 ! SAME CIRCUM/ANCES AS ?OSE ,I 5C\NT]$ 9 ! CIVIL W> 9 ! ,UKRA9E WILL1 ( NECESSITY1 BE IMPELL$ TO DO AS WE DID4 ,IF1 9 ! C\RSE ( ! COM+ AU!NTIC SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 !RE >E AN>*I/S :O REBUT !SE ORGANIZATIONAL PR9CIPLES1 !N 9 \R MOVEM5T WE WILL HAVE ONLY EMPTY *ATT]]S OR DEAD-WEI<T1 H>MFUL ELEM5TS :O WILL BE REJECT$ 9 %ORT ORD]4 

,9 TACKL+ ! RESOLUTION ( ! MATT] ( ! REVOLUTION'S DEF5SE1 AN>*I/S MU/ UNCEAS+LY LOOK TO ! SOCIAL *>ACT] ( LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM4 ,FAC$ ) A MASS REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T1 WE HAVE TO ACKN[L$GE ! NE$ TO ORGANIZE ?AT & 5D[ IT ) MEANS WOR?Y ( IT1 !N ?R[ \RSELVES 9TO IT :OLE-HE>T$LY4 ,O!RWISE1 IF WE APPE> TO BE DREAM]S & UTOPIANS1 !N WE MU/ NOT HAMP] ! TOIL]S' /RUGGLE1 9 P>TICUL> ?OSE :O FOLL[ ! /ATE SOCIALI/S4 ,BEYOND ! %AD[ ( A D\BT1 AN>*ISM IS & REMA9S A REVOLUTION>Y SOCIAL MOVEM5T & ?AT IS :Y ,I AM & ALWAYS WILL BE AN ADVOCATE ( ITS HAV+ A WELL >TICULAT$ ORGANIZATION & SUPPORT ! E/ABLI%M5T1 COME ! REVOLUTION1 ( BATTALIONS1 REGIM5TS1 BRIGADES & DIVISIONS DESIGN$ TO AMALGAMATE1 AT C]TA9 TIMES1 9TO ONE COMMON >MY1 UND] A S+LE REGIONAL COMM& 9 ! %APE ( SUP]VISORY ORGANIZATIONAL ,/AFFS4 ,! TASK ( ! LATT] WILL BE1 ACCORD+ TO ! REQUIREM5TS & CONDITIONS ( ! /RUGGLE1 TO DRAW UP A F$]ATIVE OP]ATIONAL PLAN1 COORD9AT+ ! ACTIONS ( REGIONAL >MIES1 SO AS TO BR+ TO A SUCCESSFUL CONCLUSION ! FI<T+ CONDUCT$ ON ALL FRONTS AGA9/ ! >M$ C\NT]-REVOLUTION4 

,! MATT] ( ! DEF5SE ( ! REVOLUTION IS NO EASY MATT]3 IT MAY REQUIRE V]Y GREAT ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITM5T FROM ! REVOLUTION>Y MASSES4 ,AN>*I/S MU/ REALIZE ?AT & /& BY TO ASSI/ !M 9 ?AT UND]TAK+4 

,DYELO ,TRUDA ,NO #b#e1 ,JUNE #a#i#b#g1 PP4 #a #c-#a#d4 

O ,*APT] #d 3 ,A ,FEW ,WORDS ON ! ,NATIONAL ,QUE/ION 9 ! ,UKRA9E 

,9 ! WAKE ( ! ABOLITION ( CZ>I/ DESPOTISM AT ! TIME ( ! #aiag REVOLUTION1 PROSPECTS ( NEW1 FREE RELATIONS BETWE5 PEOPLES HI!RTO 9 SUBJECTION B5EA? ! VIOL5T YOKE ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,/ATE1 APPE>$ ON ! HORIZONS ( ! WORLD ( ,LABOR4 ,! NOTION ( COMPLETE SELF-DET]M9ATION1 UP TO & 9CLUD+ A COMPLETE BREAK ) ! ,RUSSIAN ,/ATE1 ?US EM]G$ NATURALLY AMONG !SE PEOPLES4 ,GR\PS ( EV]Y P]SUASION SPRANG UP AMONG ! ,UKRA9IAN POPULATION BY ! DOZ53 EA* ( !M HAD ITS [N \TLOOK & 9T]PRET$ ! IDEA ( SELF-DET]M9ATION ACCORD+ TO ITS [N FACTIONAL 9T]E/S4 ,ALL 9 ALL1 ! TOIL+ MASSES ( ! ,UKRA9E DID NOT ID5TIFY ) !SE GR\PS & DID NOT JO9 !M4 

,OV] SEV5 YE>S HAVE ELAPS$ S9CE1 & ! ,UKRA9IAN TOIL]S' L9E ON ! NOTION ( SELF-DET]M9ATION HAS DEVELOP$ & !IR UND]/&+ 9CREAS$4 ,N[ !Y ID5TIFI$ ) IT & !Y DISPLAY$ ?IS (T5 9 !IR LIFE-/YLE4 ,?US1 = EXAMPLE1 !Y ASS]T$ !IR RI<TS TO USE !IR [N LANGUAGE & !IR 5TITLEM5T TO !IR [N CULTURE1 :I* HAD BE5 REG>D$ PRIOR TO ! REVOLUTION AS ANA!MA4 ,!Y ALSO ASS]T$ !IR RI<T TO CON=M 9 !IR LIVES TO !IR [N WAY ( LIFE & SPECIFIC CU/OMS4 ,9 ! AIM ( BUILD+ AN 9DEP5D5T ,UKRA9IAN ,/ATE1 C]TA9 /ATI/ G5TLEM5 W\LD DE>LY LOVE TO >ROGATE TO !MSELVES ALL NATURAL MANIFE/ATIONS ( ,UKRA9IAN REALITY1 AGA9/ :I* ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 BY ! WAY1 >E P[]LESS TO FI<T1 = ALL !IR OMNIPOT5CE4 ,H[EV]1 !SE /ATI/ G5TLEM5 CANNOT SEEM TO C>RY ! BROAD MASSES ( TOIL]S ) !M1 MU* LESS MOBILIZE !M 9 ?IS WAY = A /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! OPPRESSIVE ,BOL%EVIK P>TY4 ,! HEAL?Y 9/9CTS ( ! ,UKRA9IAN TOIL]S & !IR BALEFUL LIFE UND] ! ,BOL%EVIK YOKE HAS NOT MADE !M OBLIVI\S ( ! ,/ATE DANG] 9 G5]AL4 ,= ?AT REASON1 !Y %UN ! *AUV9I/ TR5D & DO NOT MIX IT UP ) !IR SOCIAL ASPIRATIONS1 RA!R SEEK+ !IR [N ROAD TO EMANCIPATION4 

,!RE IS FOOD !RE = S]I\S ?\<T ON ! P>T ( ALL ,UKRA9IAN REVOLUTION>IES & = LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/S 9 P>TICUL>1 IF !Y AIM AFT] ?IS TO 5GAGE 9 CONSI/5T WORK AMONG ! ,UKRA9IAN TOIL]S4 

,SU* WORK1 ?\<1 CANNOT BE CONDUCT$ ALONG ! SAME L9ES AS 9 ! YE>S #a#i#a#h-#a#i#b1 = ! REALITY 9 ! C\NTRY HAS ALT]$ A LOT4 ,!N1 ! ,UKRA9IAN LABOR+ POPULATION1 :I* HAD PLAY$ SU* A SIGNIFICANT P>T 9 CRU%+ ALL ( ! B\RGEOISIE'S M]C5>IES - ,D5IK91 ,PETLIURA & ,WRANGEL - C\LD NEV] HAVE DREAM$ ?AT1 AT ! F> 5D ( ! REVOLUTION1 IT W\LD F9D ITSELF SO IGNOM9I\SLY DECEIV$ & EXPLOIT$ BY ! ,BOL%EVIKS4 

,?OSE W]E ! DAYS :5 WE W]E ALL FI<T+ AGA9/ ! RE/ORATION ( ! CZ>I/ ORD]4 ,!RE WAS NOT 5\< TIME !N TO SCRUT9IZE & VET ALL ! 0BL[-9S0 %[+ UP TO JO9 ! /RUGGLE4 ,FAI? 9 ! REVOLUTION OV]RUL$ ALL SECOND ?\<TS AB\T ! METTLE ( !SE 0BL[-9S0 OR ! QUE/IONS ?AT MI<T HAVE BE5 RAIS$ AB\T !M2 %\LD !Y BE C\NT$ AS FRI5DS OR FOES8 ,AT ! TIME1 ! TOIL]S W]E ON ! MOVE AGA9/ ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION1 HE$FUL ONLY ( ?OSE :O %[$ UP TO %>E !IR FRONT RANKS 9 CONFRONT+ DEA? FE>LESSLY 9 DEF5SE ( ! REVOLUTION4 

,LAT]1 ! PSY*OLOGY ( ! ,UKRA9IAN TOIL]S *ANG$ A LOT3 !Y HAD HAD ! TIME TO FAMILI>IZE !MSELVES TO SATURATION PO9T ) !SE 0BL[-9S0 TO !IR CAUSE1 & !REAFT] W]E MORE CRITICAL 9 !IR ACC\NT+ ( :AT !Y HAD WON ?R\< ! REVOLUTION1 OR AT LEA/ :AT REMA9S ( ?AT4 ,BEH9D !SE 0BL[-9S0 !Y RECOGNIZE !IR \TRI<T 5EMIES1 EV5 ?\< !SE ,UKRA9IANIZ$ !MSELVES & WAVE ! FLAG ( SOCIALISM1 =1 9 ACTUALITY1 !Y WAT* !M OP]ATE 9 SU* A WAY AS TO ADD TO ! EXPLOITATION ( ,LABOR4 ,!Y >E CLE> 9 !IR M9DS ?AT IT WAS ?IS CA/E ( SOCIALI/S1 VORACI\S EXPLOIT]S1 ?AT /RIPP$ !M ( ALL !IR REVOLUTION>Y GA9S4 ,9 %ORT1 AS F> AS !Y >E CONC]N$ IT IS SOME?+ AK9 TO ! ,AU/RO-,G]MAN OCCUPATION CAM\FLAG$ BEH9D ALL MANN] ( ,BOL%EVIK SLEI<T ( H&4 

,?IS DISGUIS$ OCCUPATION PROMPTS FROM ! MASSES A C]TA9 *AUV9I/ BACKLA% DIRECT$ AGA9/ ! 0BL[-9S04 ,NOT = NO?+ DO !SE ,BOL%EVIK G5TLEM5 GOV]N ! ,UKRA9E FROM ,MOSC[1 HID+ BEH9D !IR ,UKRA9IAN CAT'S PAWS3 IT IS ! GR[+ HATR$ FROM ! ,UKRA9IAN MASSES ?AT HAS COMM5D$ ?IS C\RSE TO !M4 ,IT IS ! V]Y NATURE ( ! ,BOL%EVIK DESPOTISM ?AT IS DRIV+ ! ,UKRA9IAN TOIL]S TO SE>* = WAYS ( OV]?R[+ IT & MAK+ PROGRESS T[>DS A NEW & TRULY FREE SOCIETY4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKS >E NOT RE/+ ON !IR LAURELS EI!R & >E /RIV+ TO ADAPT AT ALL CO/S TO ,UKRA9IAN REALITY4 ,9 #a#i#b#c1 !Y 5D$ UP LIKE LO/ %EEP3 S9CE :I* !Y HAVE MODIFI$ !IR TACTICS & WA/$ NO TIME 9 GETT+ TO GRIPS ) ,UKRA9IAN REALITY4 ,FUR!RMORE1 !Y HAVE WA/$ NO TIME 9 ASSOCIAT+ ! FATE ( ,BOL%EVISM ) ?AT ( NATIONALISM1 & !Y HAVE1 9 PURSUANCE ( ?IS1 ADD$ SPECIFIC >TICLES TO ! ',CON/ITUTION ( ! ,U,S,S,R'1 AF=D+ EV]Y COMPON5T PEOPLE ( ?AT ,UNION FULL RI<TS ( SELF-DET]M9ATION1 9DE$ ( SECESSION4 ,ALL ( :I* IS1 ( C\RSE1 M]E %[4 ,H[ IS ?IS ATTITUDE ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS GO+ TO DEVELOP8 ,! NEXT FEW YE>S WILL TELL4 ,AN>*I/S' APPROA* TO ! REALITY ( ! ,UKRA9E N[ %\LD TAKE DUE ACC\NT ( !SE NEW FACTORS - ! ,UKRA9IAN TOIL]S' HATR$ = ! 0BL[-9S0 ( NATIONALI/ ,BOL%EVISM4 ,BY \R RECKON+1 !IR *IEF TASK TODAY CONSI/S ( EXPLA9+ TO ! MASSES ?AT ! ROOT ( ALL EVIL IS NOT SOME 0BL[-90 AU?ORITIES1 BUT ALL AU?ORITY 9 G5]AL4 ,! HI/ORY ( REC5T YE>S WILL AF=D CONSID]ABLE WEI<T TO !IR >GUM5T1 = ! ,UKRA9E HAS SE5 A P>ADE ( ALL MANN] ( AU?ORITIES &1 :5 ALL IS SAID & DONE1 !SE HAVE BE5 AS 9DI/+UI%ABLE ONE FROM ANO!R AS PEAS 9 A POD4 ,WE MU/ DEMON/RATE ?AT A 0BL[-90 ,/ATE P[] & AN 09DEP5D5T0 ,/ATE P[] AM\NT TO JU/ AB\T EQUAL 9 VALUE & ?AT ! TOIL]S HAVE NO?+ TO GA9 FROM EI!R3 !Y %\LD FOCUS ALL !IR ATT5TION ELSE:]E3 ON DE/ROY+ ! NE/S ( ! ,/ATE APP>ATUS & REPLAC+ !SE ) WORK] & PEASANT BODIES = SOCIAL & ECONOMIC SELF-DIRECTION4 

,9 SPITE ( EV]Y?+1 9 BROA*+ ! NATIONAL QUE/ION1 WE %\LD NOT OV]LOOK ! LATE/ DEVELOPM5TS 9 ! ,UKRA9E4 ,UKRA9IAN IS BE+ SPOK5 N[1 & BY VIRTUE ( ! NEW NATIONALI/ TR5D1 \TSID]S :O DO NOT SPEAK ! LOCAL LANGUAGE >E SC>CELY LI/5$ TO4 ,?IS IS AN E?NIC ?+ ?AT \<T TO BE KEPT 9 ! =EFRONT ( \R M9DS4 ,:]EAS1 UP TO N[1 AN>*I/S HAVE 5JOY$ ONLY A FEEBLE AUDI5CE AMONG ! ,UKRA9IAN PEASANTRY1 ?AT WAS BECAUSE !Y W]E CONC5TRAT$ ABOVE ALL 9 ! T[NS &1 :AT IS MORE1 DID NOT USE ! NATIONAL TONGUE ( ! ,UKRA9IAN C\NTRYSIDE4 

,UKRA9IAN LIFE IS FILL$ ) ALL SORTS ( POSSIBILITIES1 ESPECIALLY ! POT5TIAL = A MASS REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T4 ,AN>*I/S HAVE A GREAT *ANCE ( 9FLU5C+ ?AT MOVEM5T1 9DE$ BECOM+ ITS M5TORS1 PROVID$ ONLY ?AT !Y APPRECIATE ! DIV]SITY ( REAL LIFE & ESP\SE A POSITION TO WAGE A S+LE-M9D$1 DIRECT & DECL>$ FI<T AGA9/ ?OSE =CES HO/ILE TO ! TOIL]S :I* MI<T HAVE 5SCONC$ !MSELVES !RE4 ,?AT IS A TASK ?AT CANNOT BE ACCOMPLI%$ )\T A L>GE & P[]FUL ,UKRA9IAN AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION4 ,IT IS = ,UKRA9IAN AN>*I/S TO GIVE ?AT SOME S]I\S ?\<T1 />T+ N[4 

,DYELO ,TRUDA ,NO #a#i1 ,DECEMB] #a#i#b#h4 

O ,*APT] #e 3 ,TO ! ,JEWS ( ,ALL ,C\NTRIES 

,JEWI% CITIZ5S6 ,9 MY FIR/ 0,APPEAL TO ,JEWS01 PUBLI%$ 9 ! ,FR5* LIB]T>IAN NEWSPAP]1 ,LE ,LIB]TAIRE1 ,I ASK$ ,JEWS 9 G5]AL1 :I* IS TO SAY ! B\RGEOIS & ! SOCIALI/ ONES AS WELL AS ! 'AN>*I/' ONES LIKE ,YANOVSKY1 :O HAVE ALL SPOK5 ( ME AS A POGROMI/ AGA9/ ,JEWS & LABEL$ AS ANTI-,SEMITIC ! LIB]ATION MOVEM5T ( ! ,UKRA9IAN PEASANTS & WORK]S ( :I* ,I WAS ! LEAD]1 TO DETAIL TO ME ! SPECIFIC FACTS 9/EAD ( BLA!R+ VACU\SLY AWAY3 JU/ :]E & JU/ :5 DID ,I OR ! A=EM5TION$ MOVEM5T P]PETRATE SU* ACTS8 

,I HAD EXPECT$ ?AT ,JEWS 9 G5]AL W\LD ANSW] MY 0,APPEAL0 AFT] ! MANN] ( PEOPLE EAG] TO DISCLOSE TO ! CIVILIZ$ WORLD ! TRU? AB\T !SE BLACKGU>DS RESPONSIBLE = ! MASSACRES ( ,JEWS 9 ! ,UKRA9E1 OR 9DE$ ?AT !Y MI<T ATTEMPT TO BASE !IR %AMEFUL ANECDOTES AB\T ME & ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T UPON FAIRLY AU!NTIC DATA 9 ?AT !Y 9VOLVE ME 9 !M & P$DLE !M TO PUBLIC OP9ION4 

,?US F>1 NO SU* EVID5CE ADVANC$ BY ,JEWS HAS COME TO MY ATT5TION4 ,! ONLY ?+ ?AT HAS APPE>$ ?US F> 9 ! PRESS G5]ALLY1 C]TA9 ,JEWI% AN>*I/ ORGANS 9CLUD$1 REG>D+ MYSELF & ! 9SURG5T MOVEM5T ,I L$1 HAS BE5 ! PRODUCT ( ! MO/ %AMELESS LIES & ( ! VULG>ITY ( C]TA9 POLITICAL MAV]ICKS & !IR HIREL+S4 ,MOREOV]1 REVOLUTION>Y FI<T+ UNITS MADE UP ( ,JEWI% WORK]S PLAY$ A ROLE ( PRIME IMPORTANCE 9 ?AT MOVEM5T4 ,! C[>DICE ( SL&]]S WA%ES OV] ME1 = ,I HAVE ALWAYS DISMISS$ IT = :AT IT IS4 ,JEWI% CITIZ5S MAY BE ASSUR$ ( ?IS IF !Y NOTE ?AT ,I SAID NOT ONE S+LE WORD AB\T ! TRAVE/Y FROM ! P5 ( ONE ,JOSEPH ,KESSEL1 5TITL$ ,MAKHNO & HIS ,JEWESS1 A NOVEL WRITT5 ON ! BASIS ( MIS9=MATION REG>D+ MYSELF & ! MOVEM5T CONNECT$ ) ME ORGANIZATIONALLY & !ORETICALLY4 ,! NUB ( ?AT TRAVE/Y IS LIFT$ FROM ! WRIT+S ( A LICK SPITTLE LACKEY ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 ONE ,COLONEL ,G]ASSIM5KO1 REC5TLY CONVICT$ BY ! ,CZE* C\RTS ( SPY+ ON BEHALF ( A ,BOL%EVIK MILIT>Y ORGANIZATION4 

,! NOVELETTE IS ALSO BAS$ UPON >TICLES BY A B\RGEOIS J\RNALI/1 ONE ,>BATOV1 :O UNA%AM$LY CR$ITS ME ) ALL MANN] ( VIOL5CE P]PETRAT$ AGA9/ A TR\PE ( 0P]=M+ DW>VES40 ,AN 9V5TION FROM />T TO F9I%1 ( C\RSE4 

,9 HIS NOVEL :I* SIMPLY HIVES ) FALSEHOODS1 ,KESSEL CONTRIVES TO PORTRAY ME 9 SU* AN ODI\S LI<T ?AT1 AT LEA/ 9 ?OSE PASSAGES :]E HE BORR[S FROM ! WRIT+S ( ,G]ASSIM5KO & ,>BATOV1 HE %\LD HAVE NAM$ HIS S\RCES6 ,TO ! EXT5T ?AT FALSEHOOD PLAYS ! MA9 ROLE 9 ?IS NOVEL & ?AT ! S\RCES >E 9CONSI/5T1 SIL5CE WAS ! ONLY RESPONSE OP5 TO ME4 

,I TAKE A QUITE DIFF]5T VIEW ( ! SL&]S EMANAT+ FROM ,JEWI% SOCIETIES1 :I* SEEK TO CREATE ! IMPRESSION 9 !IR CORELIGIONI/S ?AT !Y HAVE DILIG5TLY SCRUT9IZ$ ! DESPICABLE & SCREAM+LY UNJU/ ACTS P]PETRAT$ AGA9/ ! ,JEWI% POPULATION 9 ! ,UKRA9E & :OSE P]PETRATORS !SE SOCIETIES SEEK TO D5\NCE4 

,A LITTLE :ILE AGO1 ONE ( !SE SOCIETIES1 :I* BY ! WAY HAS ITS HEADQU>T]S 9 ! K+DOM ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 HAS ISSU$ A BOOK1 ILLU/RAT$ ) PHOTOGRAPHS1 AB\T ! ATROCITIES COMMITT$ AGA9/ ! ,JEWI% POPULATION 9 ! ,UKRA9E &7 ,BELORUSSIA1 ?IS ON ! BASIS ( MAT]IALS AMASS$ BY 'COMRADE' ,O/ROVSKY1 :I* PAT5TLY MEANS3 ( ,BOL%EVIK PROV5ANCE4 ,9 ?IS 'HI/ORICAL' DOCUM5T !RE IS NO:]E ANY M5TION ( ! ANTI-,JEWI% POGROMS C>RI$ \T BY ! MU*-VAUNT$ ,FIR/ ,R$ ,>MY ,CAVALRY :5 IT PASS$ ?R\< ! ,UKRA9E 5 R\TE FROM ! ,CAUCASUS 9 ,MAY #a#i#b4 ,BY CONTRA/1 ! SAME DOCUM5T DOES M5TION A NUMB] ( POGROMS & ALONGSIDE PR9TS ! PHOTOGRAPHS ( ,MAKHNOVI/ 9SURG5TS1 ?\< IT IS NOT CLE> :AT !Y >E DO+ !RE1 ON ! ONE H&1 & :I*1 9 PO9T ( FACT >E NO EV5 ,MAKHNOVI/S1 AS WITNESS ! PHOTOGRAPH PURPORT+ TO %[ ',MAKHNOVI/S ON ! MOVE' BEH9D A BLACK FLAG DISPLAY+ A DEA?'S HEAD3 ?IS IS A PHOTO ?AT HAS NO CONNECTION ) POGROMS & 9DE$ & ESPECIALLY DOES NOT %[ ,MAKHNOVI/S AT ALL4 

,AN EV5 MORE SIGNIFICANT MISREPRES5TATION1 T>GET+ MYSELF & ! ,MAKHNOVI/S ALIKE1 CAN BE SE5 9 ! PHOTOGRAPHS %[+ ! /REETS ( ,ALEX&ROVSK1 ALLEG$LY LAID WA/E FOLL[+ A POGROM M\NT$ BY ,MAKHNOVI/S1 9 ! SUMM] ( #a#i#a#i4 ,?IS CRUDE LIE IS UN=GIVABLE 9 ! ,JEWI% SOCIETY RESPONSIBLE = PUBLICATION1 = IT IS COMMON KN[L$GE 9 ! ,UKRA9E ?AT AT ! TIME 9 QUE/ION ! ,MAKHNOVI/ 9SURG5T >MY WAS F> FROM ?AT REGION3 IT HAD FALL5 BACK 9TO ! WE/]N ,UKRA9E4 ,9DE$1 ,ALEX&ROVSK HAD BE5 UND] ,BOL%EVIK CONTROL FROM ,FEBRU>Y TO ,JUNE #a#i#a#i1 & !N BE5 9 ,D5IK9I/ H&S UNTIL ! AUTUMN4 

,) !SE DOCUM5TS1 ! ,BOL%EVIK-9CL9$ ,JEWI% SOCIETY HAS DONE A GREAT DISS]VICE TO ME & TO ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T3 UNABLE TO F9D DOCUM5T>Y EVID5CE ) :I* TO >RAIGN US - = ! B5EFIT ( ITS SPONSORS - ON *>GES ( ANTI-,JEWI% POGROMS1 IT HAS RESORT$ TO BLATANT FAK+ ( EVID5CE ?AT HAS NO CONNECTION EI!R ) ME OR ) ! 9SURG5T MOVEM5T4 ,ITS P]FIDI\S APPROA* IS EV5 MORE GL>+LY APP>5T :5 IT REPRODUCES A PHOTOGRAPH - 0,MAKHNO1 A 'PEACEABLE' CITIZ50 :5 9 FACT ! P]SON %[N IS SOMEONE ABSOLUTELY UNKN[N TO ME4 

,ON ALL !SE GR\NDS ,I REG>D$ IT AS MY DUTY TO ADDRESS MYSELF TO ! 9T]NATIONAL ,JEWI% COMMUNITY 9 ORD] TO DRAW ATT5TION TO ! C[>DICE & LY+ ( C]TA9 ,JEWI% ASSOCIATIONS 9 ?RALL TO ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 9 *>G+ ME P]SONALLY & ALSO ! 9SURG5T MOVEM5T :I* ,I L$1 ( ANTI-,JEWI% POGROMS4 ,9T]NATIONAL ,JEWI% OP9ION MU/ SCRUPUL\SLY EXAM9E ! SUB/ANCE ( !SE 9FAM\S ALLEGATIONS1 = ! P$DL+ ( SU* NONS5SE IS SC>CELY ! BE/ WAY ( E/ABLI%+1 9 ! EYES ( ALL1 ! TRU? AB\T :AT ! ,UKRA9E'S ,JEWI% POPULATION 5DUR$1 NOT =GETT+ ! FACT ?AT !SE LIES S]VE ONLY TO MISREPRES5T ,HI/ORY COMPLETELY4 

,DYELO ,TRUDA ,NO #b#c-#b#d1 ,APRIL-,MAY #a#i#b#g1 PP4 #h-#a4 

O ,*APT] #f 3 ,! ,MAKHOV%*9A & ,ANTI-,SEMITISM 

,= ! PA/ SEV5 YE>S1 ALMO/1 ! 5EMIES ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T HAVE WALL[$ 9 SO MANY LIES AB\T IT ?AT ONE MI<T M>VEL ?AT !SE PEOPLE DO NOT TAKE A R$ FACE1 ONCE 9 A :ILE AT LEA/4 ,IT IS RA!R *>ACT]I/IC ?AT !SE %AMELESS LIES DIRECT$ AGA9/ MYSELF & ! ,MAKHNOVI/ 9SURG5TS1 9DE$ AGA9/ \R MOVEM5T AS A :OLE1 CAN UNITE FOLK FROM V]Y DIFF]5T SOCIO-POLITICAL CAMPS3 AMONG !M ONE CAN F9D J\RNALI/S ( EV]Y P]SUASION1 WRIT]S1 S*OL>S & LAYM5 :O PLACE OB/ACLES 9 !IR PA?1 MAV]ICKS & SPECULATORS1 :O OCCASIONALLY HAVE NO HESITATION 9 PUTT+ !MSELVES =W>D AS PA?F9D]S = AVANT-G>DE REVOLUTION>Y IDEAS4 ,ONE CAN ALSO COME ACROSS SUPPOS$ AN>*I/S1 LIKE ,YANOVSKY1 FROM ! ,FREIE ,>BEIT] ,/IMME4 ,ALL SU* FOLK1 FOLK ( EV]Y P]SUASION & EV]Y HUE1 HAVE NO %AME AB\T EMPLOY+ LIES AGA9/ US1 )\T EV5 KN[+ US1 SOMETIMES )\T ANY REAL BELIEF 9 !IR [N ALLEGATIONS4 ,SU* LIES >E R\ND$ (F ) 9NU5DO1 :I* CONSI/S ( =EV] & ALWAYS RAIL+ AT US1 )\T ANY ATTEMPT TO V]IFY ! GR\NDS = ?AT RANT+ & RAV+4 ,9 FACT1 :]E >E ! PROBABLE GR\NDS TO JU/IFY ?IS HY/]IA 9 ! SLI<TE/ DEGREE8 ,A LITTLE :ILE AGO1 ALL !SE B>E-FAC$ LIES AGA9/ US ,MAKHNOVI/S1 ALLEG+ US TO HAVE BE5 POGROMI/S1 )\T (F]+ ONE %R$ ( EVID5CE OR ANY SORT ( AU!NTICATION1 L$ ME TO ADDRESS ! WORLD'S ,JEWS ?R\< ! GOOD (FICES ( ! ,FR5* & ,RUSSIAN LIB]T>IAN PRESS1 TO ASK !M TO SPELL \T ! S\RCES ( ALL !SE ABSURDITIES1 SO AS TO SUPPLY SPECIFIC DETAILS REG>D+ POGROMS1 9CITEM5T OR 9/IGATION ( POGROMS C>RI$ \T OR LAUN*$ BY ! ,UKRA9IAN TOIL]S' REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T L$ BY ME4 

,! WELL KN[N ,P>ISIAN ',FAUB\RG' ,CLUB WAS ALONE 9 REPLY+ TO MY 0,APPEAL TO ! ,JEWS ( ,ALL ,C\NTRIES04 ,?R\< ! PRESS1 ! CLUB MANAG]S LET IT BE KN[N ?AT1 AT A MEET+ ON #bc ,JUNE #a#i#b#g1 ! FOLL[+ QUE/ION W\LD COME UP = DEBATE3 0,WAS ',G5]AL' ,MAKHNO ! FRI5D ( ! ,JEWS OR DID HE P>TICIPATE 9 !IR SLAU<T]80 ,IT WAS ADD$ ?AT \R ,FR5* COMRADE ,LECO9 W\LD BE SPEAK+ 9 DEF5SE ( ,MAKHNO4 

,IT GOES )\T SAY+ ?AT AS SOON AS ,I LE>N$ ( ! HOLD+ ( ?IS ',FAUB\RG' DEBATE1 ,I IMM$IATELY APPROA*$ ! CLUB *AIRMAN1 ,POLDES1 REQUE/+ HIM BY LETT] ?AT ,LECO9 BE )DRAWN & ?AT ,I BE AF=D$ ! OPPORTUNITY TO ADDRESS ! CLUB ON MY [N BEHALF4 ,FOLL[+ A POSITIVE REPLY1 ,I APPE>$ BE=E ! ASSEMBL$ CLUB ON #bc ,JUNE #a#i#b#g4 

,H[EV]1 ! P>TICUL> MANN] 9 :I* DEBATES W]E CONDUCT$ 9 ?AT CLUB & ! FACT ?AT ! MATT] ( CONC]N TO ME WAS DEALT ) ONLY T[>DS ! CLOSE ( ! PROCE$+S MEANT ?AT ,I WAS ONLY ABLE TO MAKE MYSELF HE>D V]Y LATE ON1 >\ND #a#a3 ,P4,M4 & ,I WAS NOT ABLE TO GO 9TO ! MATT] ?OR\<LY4 ,! BE/ ,I MANAG$ WAS TO BROA* ! SUBJECT BY DEAL+ ) ! HI/ORICAL NATURE1 S\RCES & PATT]NS ( ANTI-,SEMITISM 9 ! ,UKRA9E4 

,P]HAPS MY 5EMIES WILL MAKE CAPITAL \T ( ?IS FACTOR :I* WAS BEYOND MY CONTROL & ABOVE ALL ( ! FACT ?AT ,I WAS B\ND H& & FOOT BY IT4 ,9 FACT1 ACCORD+ TO ,FR5* POLICE REGULATIONS1 ,I WAS =BIDD5 TO COMMUNICATE ) MY LIKE-M9D$ ,FR5* COLLEAGUES3 AS A RESULT1 !RE WAS NO WAY ?AT ,I C\LD HAVE ORGANIZ$ A PUBLIC MEET+ ( MY [N TO PUT MY REBUTTAL ( !SE SL&]S4 ,ALSO1 SOME PEOPLE HAVE BRAZ5LY LI$ & TALK$ AB\T MY HAV+ BE5 0TRI$0 9 ,P>IS4 ,?IS IS A FUR!R LIE1 :I* HAS BE5 TAK5 UP BY MY 5EMIES1 HYPOCRITICAL DEF5D]S ( ! RI<TS & 9DEP5D5CE ( ! ,JEWI% PEOPLE :O HAVE SUFF]$ SO MU* OV] ! PA/ ?IRTY YE>S 9 ,RUSSIA & ! ,UKRA9E4 

,CAN ! FACTS BE SQU>$ 9 ANY DEGREE AT ALL ) !SE LIES8 ,ALL ( ! ,JEWI% TOIL]S ( ! ,UKRA9E1 AS WELL AS ALL O!R ,UKRA9IAN TOIL]S >E WELL AW>E ?AT ! MOVEM5T ( :I* ,I WAS = YE>S ! LEAD] WAS A G5U9E REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S' MOVEM5T4 ,AT NO TIME DID ?AT MOVEM5T SEEK TO DIVIDE ! PRACTICAL ORGANIZATION ( ! DECEIV$1 EXPLOIT$ & OPPRESS$ TOIL]S ON GR\NDS ( RACE4 ,QUITE ! OPPOSITE3 IT AIM$ TO UNITE !M 9TO A MI<TY REVOLUTION>Y UNION CAPABLE ( TAK+ ACTION AGA9/ !IR OPPRESSORS1 ESPECIALLY AGA9/ ! ,D5IK9I/S :O W]E DY$-9-!-WOOL ANTI-,SEMITES4 ,AT NO TIME DID ! MOVEM5T MAKE IT ITS BUS9ESS TO C>RY \T POGROMS AGA9/ ,JEWS NOR DID IT EV] 5C\RAGE ANY4 ,:AT IS MORE1 ! VANGU>D ( ! ,UKRA9E'S 7,MAKHNOVI/7 REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T CONTA9$ MANY ,JEWI% TOIL]S4 ,! ,GULYAI-,POLYE 9FANTRY REGIM5T = 9/ANCE HAD ONE COMPANY MADE UP EXCLUSIVELY ( TWO HUNDR$ ,JEWI% TOIL]S4 ,!RE WAS ALSO A F\R-PIECE >TILL]Y BATT]Y1 ! GUNN]S & DEF5SE UNIT ( :I* W]E ALL ,JEWS1 COMM&] 9CLUD$4 ,& !RE W]E LOTS ( ,JEWI% TOIL]S 9 ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T :O1 = P]SONAL REASONS1 PREF]R$ TO BL5D 9 ) MIX$ REVOLUTION>Y FI<T+ UNITS4 ,!SE W]E ALL FREE FI<T]S1 VOLUNTE] 5LI/M5TS :O F\<T HONE/LY ON BEHALF ( ! JO9T 5DEAVORS ( ! TOIL]S4 ,!SE ANONYM\S FI<T]S HAD !IR REPRES5TATIVES 9SIDE ! ECONOMIC BODIES REVICTUAL+ ! 5TIRE >MY4 ,ALL ( :I* MAY BE V]IFI$ ) ! ,JEWI% COLONIES & VILLAGES 9 ! ,GULYAI-,POLYE REGION4 

,ALL SU* ,JEWI% 9SURG5T TOIL]S W]E UND] MY COMM& = A LONG P]IOD1 NOT = DAYS OR MON?S1 BUT RA!R = 5TIRE YE>S4 ,ALL W]E WITNESSES TO ! MANN] 9 :I* #a1 ! ,/AFF & ! 5TIRE >MY CONDUCT$ \RSELVES ) REG>D TO ANTI-,SEMITISM & ! POGROMS ?AT >OSE FROM IT4 

,EV]Y ATTEMPT$ POGROM OR LOOT+ FROM \R SIDE WAS NIPP$ 9 ! BUD4 ,ALL F\ND GUILTY ( SU* ACTS W]E 9V>IABLY %OT \T ( H& = !IR MISDE$S4 ,?IS WAS ! CASE = 9/ANCE 9 ,MAY #a#i#a#i1 :5 SOME PEASANT 9SURG5TS FROM ,NOVO-,USP5OVKA1 ON LEAV+ ! FRONT L9E = SOME RE/ 9 ! RE>1 CAME UPON TWO DECOMPOS$ CORPSES NE> A ,JEWI% SETTLEM5T3 ASSUM+ !SE TO BE ! CORPSES ( 9SURG5TS MURD]$ BY MEMB]S ( ! ,JEWI% COLONY1 !Y V5T$ !IR SPLE5 ON ! COLONY & SLAU<T]$ >\ND ?IRTY ( ITS 9HABITANTS4 ,?AT SAME DAY1 MY ,/AFF DISPAT*$ A COMMISSION ( 9QUIRY TO ! COLONY4 ,IT DISCOV]$ ! TRACKS ( ! P]PETRATORS ( ! BUT*]Y4 ,I IMM$IATELY S5T A SPECIAL DETA*M5T TO !IR VILLAGE TO PLACE !M UND] >RE/4 ,?OSE RESPONSIBLE = ! ATTACK ON ! ,JEWI% COLONY1 NAMELY SIX 9DIVIDUALS1 ONE ( !M ! ,BOL%EVIK DI/RICT COMMISS>1 W]E ALL %OT ON #ac ,MAY #a #ia #i4 

,! SAME ?+ HAPP5$ 9 ,JULY #a#i#a#i1 :5 ,I F\ND MYSELF CAU<T 9 ! CROSSFIRE BETWE5 ,D5IK9 & ,TROTSKY - ,TROTSKY WAS !N PROMIS+ HIS ,P>TY ?AT 0IT WAS BETT] ?AT ! ,UKRA9E BE SURR5D]$ TO ,D5IK9 9 ITS 5TIRETY ?AN ! POSSIBILITY ( ! ,MAKHNOV%S*9A'S EXP&+ BE ALL[$ TO >ISE0 & ,I WAS =C$ TO CROSS OV] TO ! RI<T BANK ( ! ,DNIEPR4 ,?IS WAS :5 ,I MET ) ! FAM\S ,GRIGORIEV1 ! ATAMAN ( ! ,KH]SON REGION4 ,MISL$ BY ! 9ANE RUMORS CIRCULAT+ AB\T ME & ! 9SURG5T MOVEM5T1 ,GRIGORIEV S\<T TO CONCLUDE AN ALLIANCE ) ME & MY ,/AFF ) AN EYE TO WAG+ A CONC]T$ CAMPAIGN AGA9/ ,D5IK9 & ! ,BOL%EVIKS4 

,TALKS W]E OP5$ ON ! CONDITION1 :I* ,I REQUIR$1 ?AT1 )9 TWO WEEKS1 ATAMAN ,GRIGORIEV FURNI% MY ,/AFF & ! ,SOVIET ( ! 7,MAKHNOVI/7 ,REVOLUTION>Y ,9SURG5T ,>MY ( ! ,UKRA9E ) DOCUM5TS PROV+ ?AT ALL REPORTS ( POGROMS C>RI$ \T BY HIM ON TWO OR ?REE OCCASIONS AGA9/ ! ,JEWS ( ,ELIZAVETGRAD W]E BASELESS1 GIV5 ?AT1 ) TIME AT A PREMIUM1 ,I WAS NOT ABLE TO AU!NTICATE !M = MYSELF4 

,?AT CONDITION GAVE ,GRIGORIEV SOME?+ TO ?9K AB\T3 !N1 AS A GOOD SOLDI] & /RATEGI/1 HE CONS5T$4 ,TO PROVE TO ME ?AT HE C\LD 9 NO WAY BE A POGROMI/1 HE BOA/$ ( ! FACT ?AT HIS RET9UE 9CLUD$ A ,UKRA9IAN REPRES5TATIVE ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,REVOLUTION>Y ,P>TY4 ,!N1 ACCUS+ ME ( HAV+ ISSU$ AN 0,APPEAL0 AGA9/ HIM1 9 ! NAME ( MY ,/AFF1 :]E9 HE HAD BE5 D5\NC$ AS AN 5EMY ( ! REVOLUTION1 9 TOK5 ( HIS GOOD FAI? ,GRIGORIEV 9TRODUC$ TO ME SEV]AL POLITICAL REPRES5TATIVES :O ATT5D$ HIM3 ,NIKOLAI ,KOPORNITSKY ( ! ,UKRA9IAN ,SOCIALI/ ,REVOLUTION>Y ,P>TY1 ,SELIANSKY 7ALIAS ,GOROBETS7 & ,KOLIUZHNY ( ! ,UKRA9IAN ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY4 

,?IS HAPP5$ AT A TIME :5 ,I WAS ON ! \TSKIRTS ( ,ELIZAVETGRAD ) MY MA9 COMBAT DETA*M5T4 ,I DEEM$ IT 9CUMB5T UPON ME AS A REVOLUTION>Y TO AVAIL ( ?IS OPPORTUNITY TO V]IFY = MYSELF JU/ :AT ! ATAMAN ,GRIGORIEV MI<T HAVE DONE DUR+ HIS OCCUPATION ( ! T[N4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 SOME 9T]CEPT$ ,D5IK9I/ AG5TS REVEAL$ TO ME ?AT1 UNBEKN[N/ TO ! TOIL]S ( ! ,KH]SON REGION1 ,GRIGORIEV WAS PREP>+ TO COORD9ATE HIS MOVEM5TS ) ! ,D5IK9I/ HEADQU>T]S 9 A BUILDUP TO A CONC]T$ CAMPAIGN AGA9/ ! ,BOL%EVIKS4 

,FROM 9HABITANTS ( ,ELIZAVETGRAD & NEI<BOR+ VILLAGES1 AS WELL AS FROM SOME P>TISANS FROM ,GROGORIEV'S UNITS1 ,I LE>N$ ?AT EV]Y TIME HE HAD OCCUPI$ ! T[N ,JEWS HAD BE5 MASSACR$4 ,9 HIS PRES5CE & ON HIS ORD]S1 HIS P>TISANS HAD MURD]$ NE>LY TWO ?\S& ,JEWS1 9CLUD+ ! FL[] ( ! ,JEWI% Y\?3 MANY MEMB]S ( ! AN>*I/1 ,BOL%EVIK & SOCIALI/ Y\? ORGANIZATIONS4 ,SOME ( !SE HAD EV5 BE5 TAK5 FROM PRISON = SLAU<T]4 

,UPON LE>N+ ALL ?IS1 ,I PROMPTLY DECL>$ ,GRIGORIEV1 ! ATAMAN ( ,KH]SON - A 0,SOCIALI/ ,REVOLUTION>Y0 7SIC7 - A ,D5IK9I/ AG5T & OP5 POGROMI/1 DIRECTLY CULPABLE = ! ACTIONS ( HIS SUPPORT]S AGA9/ ,JEWS4 

,AT ! ,S5TOVO MEET+ ON #bg ,JULY #a#i#a#i1 ,GRIGORIEV WAS D5\NC$ = :AT HE WAS & EXECUT$ ON ! SPOT = ALL TO SEE4 ,?AT EXECUTION & ! REASONS = IT W]E ANN\NC$ ?US3 0,! POGROMI/ ,GRIGORIEV HAS BE5 EXECUT$ BY ,MAKHNOVI/ LEAD]S3 ,BATKO ,MAKHNO1 ,SEMYON ,K>ETNIK & ,ALEXIS ,*UB5KO4 ,! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T ACCEPTS FULL RESPONSIBILITY BE=E ,HI/ORY = ?IS ACTION40 ,?AT DECL>ATION WAS 5DORS$ BY ! MEMB]S ( ! ,SOVIET ( ! ,9SURG5T ,>MY & ! ,SOCIALI/ ,REVOLUTION>Y ,P>TY MEMB]S PRES5T1 9CLUD+ ,NIKOLAI ,KOPORNITSKY 7,N,O,T,E3 ,! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS ,SELIANSKY & ,KOLIUZHNY HAD VANI%$ UTT]LY FOLL[+ ! EXECUTION ( ,GROGORIEV47 

,?AT WAS ! SORT ( TREATM5T ,I ALWAYS RES]V$ = ?OSE :O HAD C>RI$ \T POGROMS OR W]E 9 ! ?ROES ( PREP>+ !M4 ,& LOOT]S W]E NOT SP>$ EI!R1 :E!R FROM ! ,9SURG5T ,>MY'S [N RANKS OR \TSID]S4 ,= EXAMPLE ?IS IS :AT HAPP5$ 9 ,AUGU/ #aib :5 TWO DETA*M5TS ( ,PETLIURI/ NATIONALI/ LEAN+S1 UND] ! COMM& ( ,LEV*5KO & ,MATYAN%A1 5CIRCL$ BY US1 S5T EMISS>IES TO US TO SUGGE/ ?AT !Y BE 9CORPORAT$ 9TO \R RANKS4 ,! ,/AFF & ,I RECEIV$ !M & AGRE$ ?AT !Y C\LD BE 5LI/$3 H[EV]1 AS SOON AS WE REALIZ$ ?AT ! NATIONALI/IC ELEM5TS FROM !SE DETA*M5TS W]E 5GAG+ 9 LOOT+ & BLATANT ANTI-,SEMITISM1 WE %OT !M \T ( H&1 9 ! VILLAGE ( ,AV]ESKI1 9 ,POLTAVA PROV9CE4 ,A FEW DAYS LAT]1 !IR COMM&] ,MATYAN%A WAS ALSO %OT = HIS PROVOCATIVE BEHAVIOR 9 ! T[N ( ,Z9KOV 7,POLTAVA PROV9CE74 ,HIS DETA*M5T WAS /RIPP$ ( ITS WEAPONS & MO/ ( ITS MEMB]S CA%I]$4 

,9 ,DECEMB] #a#i#b1 !RE WAS A REPEAT ( ?IS ) ,R$ ,>MY TROOPS1 :5 WE SUCCESSFULLY )/OOD ! ONSLAU<T FROM ,BUDY5NY'S CAVALRY & COMPLETELY R\T$ ! ,X,I,V? ,DIVISION ( HIS >MY1 NE> ! VILLAGE ( ,PETROVO 9 ! ,ALEX&ROVSK DI/RICT1 FOLL[$ BY ! ,X,I,V? ,CAVALRY ,DIVISION1 TAK+ ! 5TIRE COMM& & ,/AFF PRISON]S 9 ! LATT] 9/ANCE4 ,MANY PRISON]S FROM ! ,X,I? ,DIVISION EXPRESS$ AN 9T]E/ 9 JO9+ ! ,9SURG5T ,>MY TO COMBAT ! AUTOCRATIC POLITICAL COMMISS>S AS !Y DESCRIB$ !M4 ,AS !Y W]E CROSS+ ! ,KH]SON REGION & REA*$ ! VILLAGE ( ,DOBROVELIT*KA1 OV] HALF ( ! POPULATION ( :I* WAS ,JEWI%1 C]TA9 =M] ,BUDY5NYI/ OR ,PETLIURI/ CAVALRYM51 ACT+ ON ! RUMORS CURR5T 9 !IR =M] UNITS REG>D+ ! ,MAKHNOVI/S' HO/ILITY T[>DS ! 0,YIDS01 SET AB\T LOOT+ ! HOMES ( ! ,JEWI% VILLAG]S4 ,AS SOON AS ?IS CAME TO ! ATT5TION ( EXP]I5C$ ,MAKHNOVI/S1 !Y W]E ALL >RE/$ & %OT ON ! SPOT4 

,?US1 ?R\<\T ITS 5TIRE EXI/5CE1 ! ,MAKHNOV%S*9A TOOK AN UNCOMPROMIS+ L9E ON ! ANTI-,SEMITISM ( POGROMI/S3 ?IS WAS BECAUSE IT WAS A G5U9ELY REVOLUTION>Y TOIL]S' MOVEM5T 9 ! ,UKRA9E4 

,N,E,/,O,R ,M,A,K,H,N,O 

,FROM ,DYELO ,TRUDA ,NO #c-#c#a1 ,NOVEMB]-,DECEMB] #a#i#b#g1 PP4 #a#e-#a#h 

O ,*APT] #g 3 ,9 ,MEMORY ( ! ,KRON/ADT ,REVOLT 

,M>* #g? IS A H>R[+ DATE = ! TOIL]S ( ! SO-CALL$ 0,UNION ( ,SOVIET ,SOCIALI/ ,REPUBLICS0 :O P>TICIPAT$ 9 ONE CAPACITY OR ANO!R 9 ! EV5TS ?AT OCCURR$ ON ?AT DATE 9 ,KRON/ADT4 ,! COMMEMORATION ( ?AT DATE IS EQUALLY PA9FUL = ! TOIL]S ( ALL C\NTRIES1 = IT BR+S BACK ! MEMORY ( :AT ! FREE WORK]S & SAILORS ( ,KRON/ADT DEM&$ ( !IR ,R$ EXECUTION]1 ! 0,RUSSIAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY10 & ITS TOOL1 ! 0,SOVIET0 GOV]NM5T1 BUSY DO+ ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION TO DEA?4 

,KRON/ADT 9SI/$ ( !SE /ATI/ HANGM5 ?AT !Y H& BACK EV]Y?+ ?AT BELONG$ TO ! TOIL]S ( T[N & C\NTRY1 GIV5 ?AT IT WAS !Y :O HAD C>RI$ \T ! REVOLUTION4 ,! ,KRON/ADT]S 9SI/$ UPON ! PRACTICAL IMPLEM5TATION ( ! F\NDATIONS ( ! ,OCTOB] REVOLUTION3 

,FREELY ELECT$ SOVIETS1 FRE$OM ( SPEE* & FRE$OM ( ! PRESS = WORK]S & PEASANTS1 AN>*I/S & ,LEFT ,SOCIALI/ ,REVOLUTION>IES4 

,! ,RUSSIAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY SAW ?IS AS AN UNCONSCIONABLE *ALL5GE TO ITS MONOPOLI/ POSITION 9 ! C\NTRY &1 CONCEAL+ ITS CRAV5 EXECUTION]'S FACE BEH9D ! MASK ( REVOLUTION>Y & WORK]S' FRI5D1 PRON\NC$ ! FREE SAILORS & WORK]S ( ,KRON/ADT C\NT]-REVOLUTION>IES & !N S5T AGA9/ !M T5S ( ?\S&S ( OB$I5T COPS & SLAVES3 ,*EKI/S1 ,KURSANTY 7,R$ ,>MY (FIC] CADETS - NOTE BY ,ALEX&RE ,SKIRDA71 ,P>TY MEMB]S 4 4 4 9 ORD] TO MASSACRE !SE DEC5T FI<T]S & REVOLUTION>IES - ! ,KRON/ADT]S - :O HAD NO?+ ) :I* TO REPROA* !MSELVES BE=E ! REVOLUTION>Y MASSES1 !IR ONLY (F5SE HAV+ BE5 TO FEEL \TRAGE AT ! LIES & C[>DICE ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY :I* WAS TRAMPL+ UPON ! RI<TS ( ! TOIL]S & ! REVOLUTION4 

,ON ,M>* #g1 #a#i#b#a1 AT #f4#d#e P4M41 A /ORM ( >TILL]Y FIRE WAS UNLEA%$ AGA9/ ,KRON/ADT4 ,AS WAS ONLY NATURAL & 9EVITABLE1 ,KRON/ADT F\<T BACK4 ,F\<T BACK1 NOT JU/ ON BEHALF ( !IR DEM&S1 BUT ALSO ON BEHALF ( ! O!R TOIL]S ( ! C\NTRY :O W]E /RUGGL+ FROM !IR REVOLUTION>Y RI<TS1 >BITR>ILY TRAMPL$ UND]FOOT BY ! ,BOL%EVIK AU?ORITIES4 

,!IR FI<T BACK E*O$ ?R\<\T AN 5SLAV$ ,RUSSIA :I* /OOD READY TO BACK !IR JU/ & H]OIC FI<T1 BUT WAS UN=TUNATELY P[]LESS TO DO SO1 BECAUSE IT HAD BE5 DIS>M$1 CON/ANTLY EXPLOIT$ & KEPT 9 BONDAGE BY ! REPRESSIVE DETA*M5TS FROM ! ,R$ ,>MY & ! ,*EKA1 SPECIALLY =M$ TO BREAK ! FREE SPIRIT & FREE WILL ( ! C\NTRY4 

,IT IS H>D TO E/IMATE ! LOSSES SUFF]$ BY ! ,KRON/ADT DEF5D]S & ( ! BL9D MASS ( ! ,R$ ,>MY1 BUT WE MAY RE/ ASSUR$ ?AT !Y NUMB]$ UPW>DS ( T5 ?\S& DEAD4 ,= ! MO/ P>T1 !Y W]E WORK]S & PEASANTS1 ! V]Y PEOPLE :OM ! ,P>TY ( ,LIES HAD US$ 9 ORD] TO SEIZE P[]1 BY GULL+ !M ) PROMISES ( A BETT] FUTURE4 ,IT HAD MADE USE ( !M = YE>S EXCLUSIVELY 9 PURSUIT ( ITS [N P>TY 9T]E/S1 SO AS TO SPREAD & 5TR5* ITS ALL P[]FUL DOM9ATION OV] ! C\NTRY'S ECONOMIC & POLITICAL LIFE4 

,AGA9/ ! ,BOL%EVIK OLIG>*Y1 ,KRON/ADT DEF5D$ ! V]Y BE/ ( ! WORK]S' & PEASANTS' /RUGGLE 9 ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION4 ,= ?AT V]Y REASON1 ! OLIG>*S EXT]M9AT$ ! ,KRON/ADT]S1 SOME RI<T AFT] ! MILIT>Y VICTORY1 ! REMA9D] 9 ! DUNGEONS & BLOCKH\SES 9H]IT$ FROM ! CZ>I/ & B\RGEOIS REGIME4 ,UND]/OOD ?US1 ! DATE ( ,M>* #g? HAS TO APPE> AS A PR(\NDLY PA9FUL ANNIV]S>Y = ! WORK]S ( ALL C\NTRIES4 ,SO IT IS NOT JU/ AMONG ,RUSSIAN TOIL]S ONLY ?AT ! PA9FUL MEMORY ( ! ,KRON/ADT REVOLUTION>IES :O P]I%$ 9 ! FI<T+ & ! SURVIVORS :O W]E LEFT TO ROT 9 ,BOL%EVIK JAILS %\LD BE REAWAK5$ ON ?AT DATE4 ,BUT ?IS MATT] WILL NOT BE RESOLV$ ) MOAN+3 ASIDE FROM ! COMMEMORATION ( ,M>* #g?1 ! TOIL]S ( EV]Y L& %\LD ORGANIZE RALLIES ALL OV] ! PLACE TO PROTE/ AGA9/ ! \TRAGES P]PETRAT$ 9 ,KRON/ADT BY ! ,RUSSIAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY AGA9/ REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S & SAILORS1 & DEM& ! RELEASE ( ! SURVIVORS LANGUI%+ 9 ,BOL%EVIK PRISONS & 9T]N$ 9 ! CONC5TRATION CAMPS 9 ,F9L&4 

,DYELO ,TRUDA ,NO4 #a1 ,M>* #a#i#b#f1 PP4 #c-#d 4 

O ,*APT] #h 3 ,! ,IDEA ( ,EQUALITY & ! ,BOL%EVIKS 

,! #a#d? ,CONGRESS ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY HAS R\NDLY CONDEMN$ ! NOTION ( EQUALITY4 ,PRIOR TO ! CONGRESS1 ,Z9OVIEV HAD M5TION$ ! IDEA 9 ! C\RSE ( HIS POLEMIC AGA9/ ,U/RIALOV & ,BUKH>94 ,HE DECL>$ !N ?AT ! :OLE ( CONTEMPOR>Y PHILOSOPHY WAS SU/A9$ BY ! IDEA ( EQUALITY4 ,KAL99 SPOKE UP =CEFULLY AT ! CONGRESS AGA9/ ?AT CONT5TION1 TAK+ ! L9E ?AT ANY REF]5CE TO EQUALITY C\LD NOT HELP BUT BE H>MFUL & WAS NOT TO BE TOL]AT$4 ,HIS REASON+ WAS AS FOLL[S3 

',CAN WE TALK TO PEASANTS AB\T EQUALITY8 ,NO1 ?AT IS \T ( ! QUE/ION1 = 9 ?AT CASE1 !Y W\LD SET AB\T DEM&+ ! SAME RI<TS AS WORK]S1 :I* W\LD BE 9 COMPLETE CONTRADICTION ) ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,LIKEWISE1 CAN WE TALK ( EQUALITY TO WORK]S8 ,NO1 ?AT IS \T ( ! QUE/ION TOO1 = IF1 SAY1 A COMMUNI/ & A NONP>TY MEMB] DO ! SAME JOB1 ! DIFF]5CE RESIDES 9 ! =M] BE+ PAID TWICE ! WAGE ( ! LATT]4 ,TO CONC$E EQUALITY W\LD ALL[ NONP>TY MEMB]S TO DEM& ! SAME PAY AS IS PAID \T TO A COMMUNI/4 ,IS ?AT ACCEPTABLE1 COMRADES8 ,NO1 IT IS NOT4 ,CAN WE CALL = EQUALITY AMONG COMMUNI/S !N8 ,NO1 ?AT IS NOT ON EI!R1 = !Y TOO OCCUPY DIFF]5T POSITIONS1 9 T]MS ( !IR RI<TS & !IR MAT]IAL CIRCUM/ANCES ALIKE4' 

,ON ! BASIS ( SU* CONSID]ATIONS1 ,KAL99 CONCLUD$ ?AT ,Z9OVIEV'S USE ( ! T]M 0EQUALITY0 C\LD ONLY HAVE BE5 DEMAGOGIC & H>MFUL4 ,9 HIS REPLY1 ,Z9OVIEV 9 TURN TOLD ! CONGRESS ?AT1 :IL/ HE HAD SPOK5 ( EQUALITY1 HE HAD MEANT IT 9 QUITE A DIFF]5T S5SE4 ,AS = HIMSELF1 ALL HE HAD HAD 9 M9D WAS 0SOCIALI/ EQUALITY10 ?AT IS1 ! EQUALITY ?AT W\LD ONE DAY COME TO PASS 9 A MORE OR LESS DI/ANT FUTURE4 ,= ! TIME BE+1 UNTIL SU* TIME AS ! WORLD REVOLUTION HAD TAK5 PLACE & AS !RE WAS NO WAY ( KN[+ :5 IT W\LD1 !RE C\LD BE NO QUE/ION ( ANY EQUALITY4 ,9 P>TICUL>1 !RE C\LD BE NO EQUALITY ( RI<TS1 = ?AT W\LD RISK DRAGG+ US 9 ! DIRECTION ( V]Y DANG]\S 0DEMOCRATIC0 DEVIATIONS4 

,?IS UND]/&+ ON ! NOTION ( EQUALITY WAS NOT SPELL$ \T 9 A RESOLUTION FROM ! CONGRESS4 ,BUT1 ESS5TIALLY1 ! TWO CAMPS ?AT CLA%$ AT ! CONGRESS W]E AGRE$ 9 REG>D+ ! IDEA ( EQUALITY AS 9TOL]ABLE4 

,=M]LY1 & NOT ALL ?AT LONG AGO1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS SPOKE QUITE A DIFF]5T LANGUAGE4 ,IT WAS UND] ! BANN] ( EQUALITY ?AT !Y OP]AT$ DUR+ ! GREAT ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION1 TO OV]?R[ ! B\RGEOISIE1 9 CONC]T ) ! WORK]S & PEASANTS1 AT :OSE EXP5SE !Y ROSE TO POLITICAL CONTROL OV] ! C\NTRY4 ,IT WAS UND] ?OSE COLORS ?AT1 AFT] EI<T YE>S ( RUL+ OV] ! LIVES & LIB]TIES ( ! TOIL]S ( ! =M] ,RUSSIA - H5CE=? TO BE KN[N AS ! ',UNION ( ,SOVIET ,SOCIALI/ ,REPUBLICS' ! ,BOL%EVIK CZ>S S\<T TO P]SUADE ! TOIL]S ( ?AT ',UNION1' 7OPPRESS$ BY !M71 AS WELL AS ! TOIL]S FROM O!R C\NTRIES 7:I* !Y DO NOT YET CONTROL71 ?AT IF !Y HAVE P]SECUT$1 LEFT TO ROT 9 PRISON OR DEPORT$ & MURD]$ !IR POLITICAL 5EMIES1 ?IS HAS BE5 DONE EXCLUSIVELY 9 ! NAME ( ! REVOLUTION1 ITS EGALIT>IAN F\NDATIONS 7:I* !Y ALLEG$LY HAD 9TRODUC$ 9TO ! REVOLUTION7 :I* !IR 5EMIES SUPPOS$LY WI%$ TO DE/ROY4 

,IT %ALL SOON BE EI<T YE>S S9CE ! BLOOD ( AN>*I/S BEGAN TO FL[ BECAUSE ( !IR REFUSAL TO S]VILELY B[ BE=E ! VIOL5CE OR EFFRONT]Y ( ?OSE :O HAVE SEIZ$ P[]1 NOR BE=E !IR FAM\SLY LY+ IDEOLOGY & !IR UTT] IRRESPONSIBILITY4 

,9 ?AT CRIM9AL ACT1 AN ACT ?AT CANNOT BE DESCRIB$ AS O!R ?AN A BLOODLU/ ( ! ,BOL%EVIK GODS1 ! F9E/ (FSPR+ ( ! REVOLUTION HAVE P]I%$ BECAUSE !Y W]E ! MO/ LOYAL EXPON5TS ( REVOLUTION>Y IDEALS & BECAUSE !Y C\LD NOT BE BRIB$ 9TO BETRAY+ !M4 ,9 HONE/LY DEF5D+ ! PRECEPTS ( ! REVOLUTION1 !SE *ILDR5 ( ! REVOLUTION S\<T TO F5D (F ! MADNESS ( ! ,BOL%EVIK GODS & F9D A WAY \T ( !IR DEAD 5D1 SO AS TO =GE A PA? TO REAL FRE$OM & G5U9E EQUALITY ( ! TOIL]S4 

,! ,BOL%EVIK POT5TATES QUICKLY REALIZ$ ?AT ! ASPIRATIONS ( !SE *ILDR5 ( ! REVOLUTION W\LD SPELL DOOM = !IR MADNESS & ABOVE ALL = ! PRIVILEGES !Y ADROITLY 9H]IT$ FROM ! TOPPL$ B\RGEOISIE1 !N TREA*]\SLY BEEF$ UP TO !IR ADVANTAGE4 ,ON !SE GR\NDS !Y CONDEMN$ ! REVOLUTION>IES TO DEA?4 ,M5 ) ! S\LS ( SLAVES SUPPORT$ !M 9 ?IS & ! BLOOD FL[$4 ,= ! PA/ EI<T YE>S IT HAS GONE ON FL[+1 & 9 ! NAME ( :AT1 WE MI<T ASK8 ,9 ! NAME ( FRE$OM & EQUALITY ( ! TOIL]S1 SAY ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 CONT9U+ TO EXT]M9ATE ?\S&S ( NAMELESS REVOLUTION>IES1 FI<T]S = ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 LABEL$ AS 0B&ITS0 & 0C\NT]-REVOLUTION>IES40 

,) ?AT %AMELESS FALSEHOOD1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS HAVE HIDD5 ! TRUE /ATE ( AFFAIRS 9 ,RUSSIA FROM ! EYES ( TOIL]S ! WORLD OV]1 P>TICUL>LY !IR UTT] BANKRUPTCY 9 ! MATT] ( BUILD+ SOCIALISM1 :5 ?IS IS ALL TOO APP>5T TO ALL :O HAVE ! EYES TO SEE4 

,AN>*I/S AL]T$ TOIL]S ( EV]Y C\NTRY 9 TIME TO ! ,BOL%EVIKS' CRIMES 9 ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION4 ,BOL%EVISM1 EMBODY+ ! IDEAL ( A C5TRALIZ+ ,/ATE1 HAS %[N ITSELF AS ! DEADLY 5EMY ( ! FREE SPIRIT ( REVOLUTION>Y TOIL]S4 ,RESORT+ TO UNPREC$5T$ MEASURES1 IT HAS SABOTAG$ ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! REVOLUTION & BESMIR*$ ! HONOR ( ITS F9E/ ASPECT4 ,SUCCESSFULLY DISGUIS$1 IT CONCEAL$ ITS REAL FACE FROM ! GAZE ( ! TOIL]S1 PASS+ ITSELF (F AS ! *AMPION ( !IR 9T]E/S4 ,ONLY N[1 AFT] AN EI<T YE>S' REIGN1 9CREAS+LY FLIRT+ ) ! 9T]NATIONAL B\RGEOISIE1 DOES IT BEG9 TO CA/ ASIDE ITS MASK ( REVOLUTION & EXPOSE TO ! WORLD ( LABOR ! FACE ( A RAPACI\S EXPLOIT]4 

,! ,BOL%EVIKS HAVE JETTISON$ ! IDEA ( EQUALITY1 NOT JU/ 9 PRACTICE BUT ALSO 9 !ORY1 = ! V]Y 5UNCIATION ( IT /RIKES !M AS DANG]\S N[4 ,?IS IS QUITE UND]/&ABLE1 = !IR 5TIRE RULE DEP5DS ON A DIAMETRICALLY CONTRA/+ NOTION1 ON A SCREAM+ 9EQUALITY1 ! 5TIRE HORROR & EVILS ( :I* HAVE BATT5$ UPON ! BACKS ( ! WORK]S4 ,LET US HOPE ?AT ! TOIL]S ( EV]Y C\NTRY MAY DRAW ! NECESS>Y CONCLUSIONS &1 9 TURN1 F9I% ) ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 ?OSE EXPON5TS ( ! IDEA ( SLAV]Y & OPPRESSORS ( ,LABOR4 

,DYELO ,TRUDA ,NO4 #i1 ,FEBRU>Y #a#i#b#f1 PP4 #i-#a4 

O ,*APT] #i 3 ,! ,PA?S ( 0,PROLET>IAN0 ,P[] 

,IT IS A LONG TIME N[ S9CE ! AVANT-G>DE SOCIALI/ 9TELLIG5TSIA FRAM$1 9 MORE OR LESS R\ND$ =M1 ! AIMS ( ! HI/ORICAL /RUGGLE ( ! PROLET>IAT AGA9/ ! B\RGEOISIE & S9CE PROLET>IANS1 SWALL[+ ?AT =MULATION BY ! 9TELLIG5TSIA :OLE1 5T]$ ! LI/S ( ?AT /RUGGLE UND] ! 9TELLIG5TSIA'S LEAD]%IP4 ,!RE IS NO D5Y+ ?AT ?IS WAS A TRIUMPH = ! 9TELLIG5TSIA :I* HAS ?US SET ITSELF ! T>GET ( LEAD+ ! PROLET>IAT ON TO COMPLETE EMANCIPATION1 BY MEANS ( ! DE/RUCTION ( B\RGEOIS P[] & ! B\RGEOIS ,/ATE1 :I* >E TO BE SUPPLANT$ BY A 0PROLET>IAN0 ,/ATE & P[]4 

,V]Y NATURALLY1 NEI!R ! 9TELLIG5TSIA NOR ! PROLET>IAT ITSELF HAS BE5 /9T+ 9 ITS EF=TS & 9VE/IGATIONS DESIGN$ TO EXPOSE TO ! WIDE/ POSSIBLE AUDI5CE ALL ! H>M DONE BY ! B\RGEOIS ,/ATE4 ,?ANKS TO :I*1 !Y HAVE BE5 ABLE TO NURSE & DEVELOP AMONG ! TOIL+ MASSES ! NOTION ( A 0PROLET>IAN0 P[] ?AT W\LD SUPPOS$LY RESOLVE ALL !IR PROBLEMS4 ,ACCORD+ TO ?IS VIEW1 ! PROLET>IAT1 ?R\< ITS CLASS P[] & ,/ATE1 W\LD MAKE USE ( ! ONLY EXI/+ MEANS :]EBY IT & O!R CLASSES MI<T FREE !MSELVES ( ! B\RGEOISIE & 9TRODUCE ! PR9CIPLES ( FRE$OM & EGALIT>IANISM 9TO ! RELATIONS BETWE5 PEOPLE4 ,SU* A =ECA/ ( ! DE/9Y ( 0PROLET>IAN0 P[] HAS ALWAYS /RUCK US AN>*I/S AS A CRASS ]ROR4 ,9 TIMES GONE BY1 \R COMRADES CON/ANTLY REVOLT$ AGA9/ ?IS NOTION & ALSO DEMON/RAT$ :]E ! /ATI/S HAD GONE WRONG 9 DIFF]5TIAT+ BETWE5 0PROLET>IAN0 P[] & ! ,/ATE 9 G5]AL & 9 ASCRIB+ TO ! =M] A MISSION ?AT WAS PR(\NDLY ALI5 TO IT4 

,/ATI/ SOCIALI/S1 H[EV]1 REMA9$ TRUE TO !IR AU?ORIT>IAN TRADITION & IT WAS >M$ ) ?AT \TLOOK ?AT !Y SEIZ$ UPON ! ,GREAT ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 A REVOLUTION ( A DEP? & BREAD? 9 SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS = :I* ,HI/ORY HAD SE5 NO EQUAL4 ,AS = US AN>*I/S1 WE OPPOS$ !IR MI/AK5 =ECA/ AB\T ! DE/9Y ( 0PROLET>IAN0 P[]4 ,9 ! C\RSE ( ! POLEMIC BETWE5 US1 WE %[$ ! /ATI/S ?AT ANY ,/ATE1 :E!R B\RGEOIS OR PROLET>IAN1 T5DS1 BY ITS V]Y NATURE1 SIMPLY TO EXPLOIT & OPPRESS MAN1 TO DE/ROY 9 EA* & EV]Y ONE ( US ALL ! NATURAL QUALITIES ( ! HUMAN SPIRIT ?AT /RIVE = EQUALITY & = ! SOLID>ITY ?AT UND]P9S IT4 ,:I* E>N$ US ONLY GREAT] HATR$ FROM ! /ATI/ SOCIALI/S4 ,N[1 ! EXI/5CE & PRACTICE ( 0PROLET>IAN0 P[] 9 ,RUSSIA HAVE BORNE \T & BE> \T ! ACCURACY ( \R ANALYSIS4 ,! ''PROLET>IAN0 ,/ATE HAS 9CREAS+LY BETRAY$ ITS TRUE NATURE & PROV$ ?AT ITS PROLET>IAN-NESS WAS A M]E FIGM5T1 AS PROLET>IANS HAVE BE5 ABLE TO APPRECIATE S9CE ! E>LY YE>S ( ! REVOLUTION1 ! MORE SO S9CE !Y !MSELVES HELP$ 9/ALL IT4 ,! FACT ?AT 9 ! C\RSE ( ITS DEG5]ATION ! 0PROLET>IAN0 P[] HAS %[$ ITSELF TO BE NO?+ MORE ?AN A ,/ATE P[] PURE & SIMPLE IS N[ BEYOND DISPUTE & HAS 9DUC$ IT TO DESI/ FROM >TFUL CONCEALM5T ( ITS REAL FACE4 ,ITS PRACTICE HAD ABUNDANTLY PROV$ ?AT ITS GOALS & ?OSE ( ! ,GREAT ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION HAD ABSOLUTELY NO?+ 9 COMMON4 ,OV] ALL ?OSE YE>S ( HYPOCRISY1 IT HAS FAIL$ TO SUBORD9ATE ! AIMS ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION TO ITS [N 5DS PEACEABLY1 & HAS HAD TO CONFRONT ALL :O ?REAT5$ TO EXPOSE ITS TRUE ESS5CE - AS A HUGE & FE/]+ ULC] UPON ! BODY ( ! REVOLUTION - ! C[>DICE & TREA*]Y ( :I* SPELL DEA? & RU9ATION TO ALL )\T EXCEPTION1 & PRIM>ILY TO ?OSE :O TRY TO BE 9DEP5D5T & OP]ATE FREELY4 ,ONE MI<T ASK ONESELF3 H[ DID ALL ( ?IS COME TO PASS8 ,ACCORD+ TO ,M>X & ,L591 0PROLET>IAN0 P[] \<T NOT TO BE> ANY RESEMBLANCE AT ALL TO B\RGEOIS P[]4 ,DOES NOT SOME SEGM5T ( ! VANGU>D ( ! PROLET>IAT BE> A %>E ( ! BLAME = ?IS /ATE ( AFFAIRS8 

,MANY AN>*I/S T5D TO RECKON ?AT ! PROLET>IAT C\NTS = NO?+ 9 ?IS1 HAV+ BE51 SO TO SPEAK1 DUP$ BY ! CA/E ( SOCIALI/ 9TELLECTUALS1 :O SUPPOS$LY ASPIRE1 OV] A S]IES ( PURELY SOCIOHI/ORICAL PH5OM5A & BY REASON ( ! LOGIC ( 9EVITABLE AM5DM5TS TO ! ,/ATE1 TO REPLACE ! P[] ( ! B\RGEOISIE ) !IR [N P[]4 ,IT IS SUPPOS$LY ON !SE GR\NDS ?AT ! SOCIALI/ 9TELLIG5TSIA W\LD SEEK1 ON A P]MAN5T BASIS1 TO DIRECT ! /RUGGLE ( ! PROLET>IAT AGA9/ ! CAPITALI/1 B\RGEOIS WORLD4 

,AS ,I SEE IT1 SU* AN >GUM5T IS NEI!R QUITE ACCURATE NOR IS IT REALLY ADEQUATE4 ,RUSSIA'S REVOLUTION>Y EXP]I5CE SUPPLIES US ) OBJECTIVE DATA GALORE 9 ?IS CONNECTION4 ,IT %[S US BEYOND REBUTTAL ?AT ! PROLET>IAT WAS NOT AT ALL HOMOG5E\S DUR+ ! REVOLUTION4 ,?US1 ! URBAN PROLET>IAT1 :5EV] IT P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! OV]?R[ ( ! P[] ( ! CLASS 5EMY - ! B\RGEOISIE - 9 MANY T[NS1 HESITAT$ = A MOM5T BETWE5 ! PA?S ( ! REVOLUTIONS ( ,FEBRU>Y & ,OCTOB] #a#i#a#g4 ,IT WAS ONLY AFT] A TIME1 AFT] ,OCTOB]'S MILIT>Y VICTORY OV] ,FEBRU>Y1 ?AT A SIGNIFICANT FRACTION ( ! URBAN PROLET>IAT BEGAN TO ?R[ 9 ITS LOT ) ! P>T ( ITS BRO!RS1 ! DIRECT >*ITECTS ( ! GA9S ( ,OCTOB]4 ,SOON1 ?AT SEGM5T ( ! PROLET>IAT NOT ONLY =GOT TO DEF5D ?OSE GA9S = ITSELF1 BUT ALSO WAS 9 MORE ( A HURRY TO GO OV] TO ! ,BOL%EVIK P>TY ON P[]1 :I* WAS CUTE 5\< TO FLATT] IT IMMOD]ATELY1 CULTIVAT+ 9 IT A C]TA9 TA/E = CLASS PRIVILEGES1 POLITICAL1 ECONOMIC & JURIDICAL4 ,DR9K+ DEEPLY ( !SE CLASS PRIVILEGES1 ?IS SEGM5T ( ! PROLET>IAT FELL EQUALLY 9 LOVE ) ITS 0PROLET>IAN CLASS ,/ATE40 ,SELF-EVID5TLY1 ! ,BOL%EVIK SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC P>TY :OLLY SUPPORT$ & 5C\RAG$ IT 9 ?IS TR5D1 = IT (F]$ ! P>TY GREAT SCOPE = IMPLEM5TATION ( ITS [N PROGRAM1 :I* CONSI/$ ( UTILIZ+ ! PRACTICAL /RUGGLE ( ! PROLET>IAT SO AS TO BR+ ! BULK ( ! PROLET>IAT TO HEEL & !N TAKE OV] ,/ATE P[] 9 ITS NAME4 ,ALONG ! WAY1 ! BETT] TO /& \T FROM ! CR[D1 ! ,BOL%EVIK SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC P>TY TURN$ ITSELF 9TO ! 0,BOL%EVIK ,COMMUNI/0 P>TY1 UNA%AM$LY RESORT+ TO ! MO/ BRAZ5 DEMAGOGY & %R9K+ FROM NO PLOY1 NOT HESITAT+1 AS ! NE$ >OSE1 TO CANNIBALIZE ! PROGRAMS ( O!R POLITICAL GR\P+S3 ALL = ! SOLE PURPOSE ( B9D+ ! PROLET>IAT 7TO :I* IT PL$G$ ITS UN/9T+ HELP1 :5 9 FACT IT WAS PURSU+ ITS [N 5DS ALONE7 ALL ! BETT] TO ITSELF4 ,9 ?IS S5SE1 ! P>TY WAS ! F9E/ EMBODIM5T ( ! HI/ORICAL AMBITIONS ( ! 9TELLECTUAL CA/E3 SUPPLANT+ ! B\RGEOISIE 9 P[] & EX]CIS+ ?AT P[]1 NO MATT] ! CO/4 ,A SIZABLE SEGM5T ( ! PROLET>IAT FAIL$ TO /& UP TO ITS VIEWS3 9DE$1 QUITE ! OPPOSITE1 IT ID5TIFI$ ) :AT IT DID & BECAME ITS ACCOMPLICE4 

,?AT SEGM5T ( ! PROLET>IAT HAD1 H[EV]1 BE5 $UCAT$ OV] G5]ATIONS TO ! NOTION ?AT ! PROLET>IAT W\LD ONLY EMANCIPATE ITSELF FROM ! B\RGEOISIE :5 IT MANAG$ TO BREAK ITS P[] & DE/ROY ITS /ATE ORGANIZATION 9 ORD] TO CLE> ! WAY = ! CON/RUCTION ( ITS [N4 ,NEV]!LESS1 ?IS FRACTION ( ! PROLET>IAT HELP$ ! ,BOL%EVIK-,COMMUNI/ P>TY TO ORGANIZE ITS 0PROLET>IAN P[]0 & ]ECT 0ITS0 CLASS ,/ATE4 

,! PA? TAK5 & ! MEANS EMPLOY$ DID NOT TAKE LONG TO ASSIMILATE ?AT FRACTION ( ! PROLET>IAT 9 EV]Y P>TICUL> TO ! OV]?R[N B\RGEOISIE1 R5D]+ IT EV]Y :IT AS IMPUD5T & >ROGANT1 ) NO SCRUPLES AB\T US+ ! MO/ SAVAGE VIOL5CE TO 5=CE ITS DOM9ATION OV] ! PEOPLE & ! REVOLUTION4 

,IT GOES )\T SAY+ ?AT ?IS VIOL5CE WAS SECOND NATURE TO ! P>TY'S 9TELLECTUAL CA/E1 = IT HAD BE5 S*OOL+ ITSELF 9 ITS USE = MANY A LONG YE> & HAD BECOME 9TOXICAT$ ) IT4 ,AS = ! BULK ( ! PROLET>IAT - YE/]DAY'S MUTE SLAVE - ! VIOL5CE DEPLOY$ AGA9/ ITS FELL[S IS :OLLY ALI5 TO IT4 ,BUSY ) ! BUILD+ ( ITS 0CLASS ,/ATE10 P>T ( ! PROLET>IAT WAS ?US 9DUC$ TO BEHAVE1 ?R\< ! USE ( VIOL5CE1 9 A REPUGNANT FA%ION ) REG>D TO ! 9DIVIDUAL LIB]TY1 FRE$OM ( SPEE* & EXPRESSION ( ANY REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATION1 ! MOM5T ?AT ! LATT] IMPUD5TLY TOOK ISSUE ) 0PROLET>IAN P[]40 ,?AT FRACTION ( ! PROLET>IAT SCURRI$ TO 5SCONCE !MSELVES1 UND] ! LEAD]%IP ( ! ,BOL%EVIK-,COMMUNI/ P>TY1 9 ! POSITIONS LEFT VACANT BY ! DESPOTS ( ! TOPPL$ B\RGEOISIE1 BECOM+ 9 !IR TURN A TYRANNICAL MA/]-CLASS1 %[+ NO HESITATION1 9 PURSUIT ( !SE 5DS1 AB\T US+ ! <A/LIE/ VIOL5CE 9DISCRIM9ATELY AGA9/ ALL :O OPPOS$ ITS DESIGNS4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 ?IS BEHAVIOR WAS >TFULLY CONCEAL$ BEH9D ! 0DEF5SE ( ! REVOLUTION40 

,SU* VIOL5CE WAS EMPLOY$ ABOVE ALL AGA9/ ! BODY ( ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION1 = ! EXCLUSIVE B5EFIT ( ! N>R[ 9T]E/S ( ONE FRACTION ( ! PROLET>IAT & ( ! ,BOL%EVIK-,COMMUNI/ P>TY1 & ON BEHALF ( !IR COMPLETE DOM9ATION ( ALL ! O!R LABOR+ CLASSES4 ,?IS CANNOT BE REG>D$ SIMPLY AS ! PROLET>IAT BL[N TEMPOR>ILY (F C\RSE4 ,YET AGA91 WE CAN SEE V]Y CLE>LY H[ ALL ,/ATE P[] BRAZ5LY %[S :AT IT IS MADE (1 ) ! ADJECTIVE 0PROLET>IAN0 *ANG+ ABSOLUTELY NO?+4 

,AS ,I SEE IT1 IT IS = ALL !SE REASONS ?AT ALL =EIGN COMRADES :O HAVE NOT HAD ?IS FIR/-H& EXP]I5CE1 %\LD C>EFULLY SCRUT9IZE ALL ! /AGES ( ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION1 P>TICUL>LY ! ROLE PLAY$ 9 IT BY ! ,BOL%EVIK-,COMMUNI/ P>TY & BY ?AT FRACTION ( ! PROLET>IAT ?AT HAS FOLL[$ IT4 ,?IS SO ?AT !Y MAY /E] CLE> ( ! SAME ]RORS1 9 ! LI<T ( ! %AMELESS DEMAGOGY ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS & !IR SUPPORT]S1 REG>D+ ! S]VICEABILITY ( 0PROLET>IAN P[]40 

,IT IS EQUALLY TRUE ?AT ! CAMPAIGN CURR5TLY BE+ WAG$ BY ALL \R COMRADES AGA9/ ,BOL%EVIK LIES %\LD BE DEPLOY$ 9 SUPPORT ( RELIABLE 9=MATION CONC]N+ ANY?+ !Y MI<T !MSELVES PUT TO ! BROAD MASSES 9 REPLACEM5T ( ?IS 0PROLET>IAN P[]40 ,F9E SLOGANS >E NOT 5\<1 AL?\< ! MASSES >E (T5 NOT 9DIFF]5T TO !M4 ,?IS /RUGGLE IS WAG$ ON ! BASIS ( CONCRETE SITUATIONS & CONT9UALLY LEADS TO ! POS+ ( CRUCIAL & URG5T QUE/IONS3 H[ & BY :I* ME?ODS ( SOCIAL ACTION %\LD ! TOIL+ MASSES SEEK !IR COMPLETE EMANCIPATION8 

,SU* QUE/IONS %\LD BE ANSW]$ AS DIRECTLY AS POSSIBLE & ) ! UTMO/ CL>ITY4 ,?AT IS A VITAL NECESSITY1 NOT ONLY IF AN ACTIVE /RUGGLE IS TO BE CONDUCT$ AGA9/ ! CAPITALI/ & B\RGEOIS WORLD1 BUT ALSO = \R AN>*I/ MOVEM5T1 = ! 9FLU5CE ( \R IDEAS UPON ! LAUN* & ! \TCOME ( ?AT /RUGGLE H+ES UPON IT4 ,:I* MEANS ?AT ! PROLET>IAT MU/ NOT REPEAT ! MI/AKE MADE BY ITS BRE?R5 9 ,RUSSIA1 :I* IS TO SAY1 MU/ NOT BUSY ITSELF ) ! ORGANIZ+ ( A 0PROLET>IAN P[]0 UND] ! BATON ( ANY P>TY1 EV5 %\LD IT LABEL ITSELF 0PROLET>IAN10 BUT ONLY ) SEE+ TO ! SATISFACTION ( EV]YONE'S NE$S & DEF5D+ ! REVOLUTION AGA9/ ALL MANN] ( ,/ATE AU?ORITIES4 

,PROBUZD5IYE ,NO4 #a#h1 ,JANU>Y #a#i#c#b1 PP4 #d#e-#d#h4 

O ,*APT] #a 3 0,SOVIET0 ,P[] - ,ITS ,PRES5T & ,ITS ,FUTURE 

,MANY PEOPLE1 ESPECIALLY LEFT-W+ POLITICIANS1 HAVE A T5D5CY TO REG>D 0SOVIET0 P[] AS A ,/ATE P[] DIFF]5T FROM ALL ! RE/1 TO BE SURE1 BUT PA9T+ ?AT DIFF]5CE 9 ! ROSIE/ ( HUES3 

0,SOVIET P[]10 !Y TELL US1 0IS A WORK] & PEASANT P[] &1 AS SU*1 HAS A GREAT FUTURE AHEAD ( IT40 

,!RE CAN BE NO MORE ABSURD ASS]TION4 0,SOVIET0 P[] IS A P[] NO BETT] & NO WORSE ?AN ANY O!R4 ,CURR5TLY1 IT IS EV]Y BIT AS WOBBLY & ABSURD AS ANY ,/ATE P[] 9 G5]AL4 ,9 C]TA9 RESPECTS1 IT IS EV5 MORE ABSURD ?AN ! RE/4 ,HAV+ A*IEV$ TOTAL POLITICAL DOM9ATION OV] ! C\NTRY1 IT HAS BECOME ! UN*ALL5G$ MA/] ( ITS ECONOMIC RES\RCES &1 NOT CONT5T ) ?AT CRASSLY EXPLOITATIVE SITUATION1 IT HAS S5S$1 WELL+ UP FROM )9 ITSELF1 ! DECEPTIVE S5TIM5T ( A SPIRITUAL 0P]FECTION10 A S5TIM5T ?AT IT SEEKS TO P$DLE TO ! C\NTRY'S TOIL+ REVOLUTION>Y PEOPLE4 ,?IS HAS LEFT ITS PROLET>IAN 0SPIRIT0 LESS REVOLUTION>Y1 BUT MORE IMPUD5T4 ,?US1 IT SEEKS TO FOI/ ITSELF UPON ! BAMBOOZL$ POPULACE AS ITS SPIRITUAL MA/]3 9 ?IS1 IT IS FAI?FUL TO ! B\NDLESS & IRRESPONSIBLE EFFRONT]Y ( EV]Y ,/ATE P[]4 ,IT IS AN OP5 SECRET ?AT ?IS SUPPOS$ 0P]FECTION0 ( ! REGIME IS M]ELY ! P]FECTION ( ITS M5TOR1 ! ,BOL%EVIK-,COMMUNI/ P>TY4 ,ALL ( :I* IS NO?+ MORE ?AN A B>E-FAC$ LIE1 ABJECT DUPLICITY & CRIM9AL IMPUD5CE T[>DS ! TOIL+ MASSES1 9 :OSE NAME & ?ANKS TO :OM ! GREAT ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION1 CURR5TLY FLAY$ BY ! AU?ORITIES TO ! B5EFIT ( !IR P>TY PRIVILEGES & ?OSE ( ! PROLET>IAN M9ORITY :I*1 UND] ! P>TY'S SWAY1 BELIEV$ IT C\LD ID5TIFY ) ! LABELS ( 0PROLET>IAN0 ,/ATE & ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! 0PROLET>IAT10 SO S$UCTIVE TO ?OSE :O KN[ NO BETT]1 WAS C>RI$ \T4 ,A M9ORITY ?AT NONE!LESS LETS ITSELF BE DRAGG$ ALONG BY ! BRIDLE BY ?AT P>TY1 9 SIL5CE1 )\T HAV+ ANY SAY 9 ! MATT]1 B]EFT ( ! RI<T TO BE BRIEF$ 9 DETAIL AB\T :AT WAS TREA*]\SLY CONCOCT$ & ACCOMPLI%$ YE/]DAY1 & :AT IS /ILL BE+ COOK$ UP TODAY AGA9/ ITS PROLET>IAN BRE?R51 ! ONES ?AT REFUSE TO BE A BL9D1 UNSPEAK+ CAT'S PAW & :O DO NOT SWALL[ ! LIES ( ! P>TY ?AT WE>S A PROLET>IAN DISGUISE4 

,9 SPITE ( EV]Y?+1 ONE MI<T WOND] IF SU* CONDUCT BY ! ,BOL%EVIK AU?ORITIES ) REG>D TO ! TOIL]S MAY %[ ITSELF DIFF]5TLY 9 ! REALM ( !IR 0SPIRITUAL0 $UCATION4 ,IT /RIKES ME ?AT ?AT CANNOT BUT BE ! CASE4 ,AS EVID5CE ( ?AT ,I W\LD CITE ! P]SI/5CE ( REVOLUTION>Y CONSCI\SNESS 9 ! TOIL]S ( ! ,U,S,S,R1 A S\RCE ( GRAVE DISQUIET TO ! REGIME1 & ! FACT ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIK P>TY SEEKS TO REPLACE IT ) A POLITICAL CONSCI\SNESS MANUFACTUR$ AFT] ! PATT]N ( ITS PROGRAM4 

,?IS IS ! FACTOR ?AT EXPLA9S :Y ,BOL%EVIK AU?ORITIES >E FAC+ MORE & MORE DIFFICULTIES & :Y !Y /UPIDLY SEEK TO R\ND (F !IR ECONOMIC & POLITICAL DESPOTISM ) A SPIRITUAL GRIP UPON ! LABOR+ PEOPLE4 ,IT GOES )\T SAY+ ?AT ! REGIME'S CURR5T /RAITS CLOSELY DET]M9E ITS FUTURE PROSPECTS3 A FUTURE ?AT IS FRAU<T ) UNC]TA9TY1 = WANT ( A PLA9LY FAVORABLE PRES5T4 ,9 FACT1 ! PRES5T POSITION IS SO VISIBLY UNFAVORABLE = MILLIONS ( WORK]S ?AT WE MAY EXPECT1 ANY YE> N[1 BLOODY 9SURRECTIONS & REVOLUTIONS ]UPT+ AGA9/ ! ,BOL%EVIK-,COMMUNI/ ORD]4 ,IT IS V]Y OBVI\S ?AT ! 9SURRECTIONI/ & REVOLUTION>Y SPIRIT ( ! ,U,S,S,R'S WORK]S %\LD 5JOY ! SUPPORT ( ANY & EV]Y REVOLUTION>Y4 ,H[EV]1 C\NT]-REVOLUTION>IES & ! 5EMIES ( ! TOIL]S MU/ NOT MAKE CAPITAL \T ( ?AT SUPPORT4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 ?AT SUPPORT %\LD HAVE NO AIM O!R ?AN ! DE/RUCTION ( ! PRES5T S5SELESS & IRRESPONSIBLE ORD]1 SET UP = ! B5EFIT ( ! PRIVILEGES ( P>TY MEMB]S & !IR HIREL+S4 

,! LUNACY ( ?IS REGIME MU/ BE ELIM9AT$ & REPLAC$ BY ! VITAL PR9CIPLES ( ! EXPLOIT$ WORK]S1 ON A BASIS ( SOLID>ITY1 FRE$OM & EQUAL VOICE = EA* & EV]Y P]SON1 9 %ORT1 = ALL CONC]N$ ) G5U9E EMANCIPATION4 ,?IS IS A MATT] ?AT CONC]NS ALL ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION>IES3 ALL :O F9D !MSELVES EXILES OR 9SIDE ! ,U,S,S,R MU/1 AS ,I SEE IT1 CONC]N !MSELVES ) IT FIR/ ( ALL3 AS WELL AS ALL PROLET>IANS & 9TELLECTUALS ( REVOLUTION>Y DISPOSITION3 TO :OM ,I W\LD ADD ALL OPPON5TS (1 & POLITICAL FUGITIVES FROM ! ,BOL%EVIK REGIME1 PROVID$ ?AT IT BE = TRULY REVOLUTION>Y CONSID]ATIONS4 

,?AT IS H[ ,I SEE ! PRES5T & ! FUTURE ( 0SOVIET P[]10 AS WELL AS ! /ANCE ?AT ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION>IES ( ALL P]SUASIONS MU/ ADOPT ) REG>D TO IT4 ,9 MY VIEW1 REVOLUTION>IES CANNOT POSE ! PROBLEM DIFF]5TLY4 ,!Y MU/ APPRECIATE ?AT1 IF ,BOL%EVIK P[] IS TO BE F\<T1 ONE HAS TO BE ABLE TO BOA/ 9 ! GREATE/ MEASURE ! VALUES ?AT IT US$ & 5UNCIAT$ 9 ORD] TO SEIZE P[]3 VALUES ?AT IT /ILL PR(ESSES1 MOREOV]1 TO *AMPION1 ALBEIT )\T S9C]ITY4 

,O!RWISE1 ! /RUGGLE ( REVOLUTION>IES W\LD TURN \T TO BE1 IF NOT C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y1 !N AT LEA/ ( NO USE TO ! CAUSE ( MILLIONS ( TOIL]S GULL$1 OPPRESS$ & EXPLOIT$ BY ! ,BOL%EVIK-,COMMUNI/S1 TOIL]S ?AT A REVOLUTION>Y %\LD BE HELP+1 :ATEV] ! CO/1 TO BREAK FREE ( ! VICI\S CIRCLE ( FALSEHOOD & OPPRESSION4 

,BOR'BA 7,! ,/RUGGLE7 ,P>IS1 ,NO4 #a#i-#b1 #be ,OCTOB] #a#i#c#a1 ,W- #b-#c 

7,?IS PAP] WAS PUBLI%$ BY A NUMB] ( ANTI-,/AL9I/ & ANTI-,TROTSKYI/ ,SOVIET DEFECTORS1 :O DI/ANC$ !MSELVES FROM ! ,BOL%EVIK REGIME ON A BASIS ( REV]SION TO ! P[] ( ! FREE SOVIETS ( #aiag & ! DEM&S ( ! ,KRON/ADT REBELS ( #a#i#b#a4 ,! LEAD+ LI<T BEH9D ! MAGAZ9E WAS ,GREGORY ,BESS$OVSKY1 A ,UKRA9IAN =M] SOVIET DIPLOMAT :O QUIT ! ,U,S,S,R'S ,P>IS EMBASSY S5SATIONALLY & DEVOT$ HIMSELF TO VIOL5T D5UNCIATION ( ! CORRUPTION ( ! ,/AL9I/ REGIME4 ,SEE HIS BOOK ,\I1 ,J'ACCUSE6 ,P>IS1 #aic - ,NOTE BY ,ALEX&RE ,SKIRDA7 

O ,*APT] #aa 3 ,! ,/RUGGLE ,AGA9/ ! ,/ATE 

,! FACT ?AT ! MOD]N ,/ATE IS ! ORGANIZATIONAL =M ( AN AU?ORITY F\ND$ UPON >BITR>9ESS & VIOL5CE 9 ! SOCIAL LIFE ( TOIL]S IS 9DEP5D5T ( :E!R IT MAY BE 0B\RGEOIS0 OR 0PROLET>IAN40 ,IT RELIES UPON OPPRESSIVE C5TRALISM1 >IS+ \T ( ! DIRECT VIOL5CE ( A M9ORITY DEPLOY$ AGA9/ ! MAJORITY4 ,9 ORD] TO 5=CE & IMPOSE ! LEGALITY ( ITS SY/EM1 ! ,/ATE RESORTS NOT ONLY TO ! GUN & MONEY1 BUT ALSO TO POT5T WEAPONS ( PSY*OLOGICAL PRESSURE4 ,) ! AIDE ( SU* WEAPONS1 A T9Y GR\P ( POLITICIANS 5=CES PSY*OLOGICAL REPRESSION ( AN 5TIRE SOCIETY1 &1 9 P>TICUL>1 ( ! TOIL+ MASSES1 CONDITION+ !M 9 SU* A WAY AS TO DIV]T !IR ATT5TION FROM ! SLAV]Y 9/ITUT$ BY ! ,/ATE4 

,SO IT MU/ BE CLE> ?AT IF WE >E TO COMBAT ! ORGANIZ$ VIOL5CE ( ! MOD]N ,/ATE1 WE HAVE TO DEPLOY P[]FUL WEAPONS1 APPROPRIATE TO ! MAGNITUDE ( ! TASK4 

,?US F>1 ! ME?ODS ( SOCIAL ACTION EMPLOY$ BY ! REVOLUTION>Y WORK+ CLASS AGA9/ ! P[] ( ! OPPRESSORS & EXPLOIT]S - ! ,/ATE & ,CAPITAL - 9 CON=MITY ) LIB]T>IAN IDEAS1 W]E 9SUFFICI5T TO LEAD ! TOIL]S ON TO COMPLETE VICTORY4 

,IT HAS COME TO PASS 9 ,HI/ORY ?AT ! WORK]S HAVE DEFEAT$ ,CAPITAL1 BUT ! VICTORY !N SLIPP$ FROM !IR GRASP1 BECAUSE SOME ,/ATE P[] EM]G$1 AMALGAMAT+ ! 9T]E/S ( PRIVATE CAPITAL & ?OSE ( ,/ATE CAPITALISM = ! SAKE ( SUCCESS OV] ! TOIL]S4 

,! EXP]I5CE ( ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION HAS BLATANTLY EXPOS$ \R %ORTCOM+S 9 ?IS REG>D4 ,WE MU/ NOT =GET ?AT1 BUT %\LD RA!R APPLY \RSELVES TO ID5TIFY+ ?OSE %ORTCOM+S PLA9LY4 

,WE MAY ACKN[L$GE ?AT \R /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! ,/ATE 9 ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION WAS REM>KABLE1 DESPITE ! DISORGANIZATION BY :I* \R RANKS W]E AFFLICT$3 REM>KABLE ABOVE ALL 9S(> AS ! DE/RUCTION ( ?AT ODI\S 9/ITUTION IS CONC]N$4 

,BUT1 BY CONTRA/1 \R /RUGGLE WAS 9SIGNIFICANT 9 ! REALM ( CON/RUCTION ( ! FREE SOCIETY ( TOIL]S & ITS SOCIAL /RUCTURES1 :I* MI<T HAVE 5SURE ?AT IT PROSP]$ BEYOND REA* ( ! TUTELAGE ( ! ,/ATE & ITS REPRESSIVE 9/ITUTIONS4 

,! FACT ?AT WE LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/S OR AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S FAIL$ TO ANTICIPATE ! SEQUEL TO ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION & ?AT WE FAIL$ TO MAKE HA/E TO DEVISE NEW =MS ( SOCIAL ACTIVITY 9 TIME1 L$ MANY ( \R GR\PS & ORGANIZATIONS TO DI!R YET AGA9 9 !IR POLITICAL & SOCIO-/RATEGIC POLICY ON ! FI<T+ FRONT ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 

,IF WE >E TO AV]T A FUTURE RELAPSE 9TO !SE SAME ]RORS1 :5 A REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION COMES AB\T1 & 9 ORD] TO RETA9 ! COHESION & COH]5CE ( \R ORGANIZATIONAL L9E1 WE MU/ FIR/ ( ALL AMALGAMATE ALL ( \R =CES 9TO ONE ACTIVE COLLECTIVE1 !N )\T FUR!R ADO1 DEF9E \R CON/RUCTIVE CONCEPTION ( ECONOMIC1 SOCIAL1 LOCAL & T]RITORIAL UNITS1 SO ?AT !Y >E \TL9$ 9 DETAIL 7FREE SOVIETS71 & 9 P>TICUL> DESCRIBE 9 BROAD \TL9E !IR BASIC REVOLUTION>Y MISSION 9 ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! ,/ATE4 ,CONTEMPOR>Y LIFE & ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION REQUIRE ?AT4 

,?OSE :O HAVE BL5D$ 9 ) ! V]Y RANKS ( ! WORK] & PEASANT MASSES1 P>TICIPAT+ ACTIVELY 9 ! VICTORIES & DEFEATS ( !IR CAMPAIGN1 MU/ )\T D\BT COME TO \R [N CONCLUSIONS1 & MORE SPECIFICALLY TO AN APPRECIATION ?AT \R /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! ,/ATE MU/ BE C>RI$ ON UNTIL ! ,/ATE HAS BE5 UTT]LY ]ADICAT$3 !Y WILL ALSO ACKN[L$GE ?AT ! T\<E/ ROLE 9 ?AT /RUGGLE IS ! ROLE ( ! REVOLUTION>Y >M$ =CE4 

,IT IS ESS5TIAL ?AT ! ACTION ( ! ,REVOLUTION'S >M$ =CES BE L9K$ ) ! SOCIAL & ECONOMIC UNIT1 :]E9 ! LABOR+ PEOPLE WILL ORGANIZE ITSELF FROM ! E>LIE/ DAYS ( ! REVOLUTION ONW>DS1 SO ?AT TOTAL SELF-ORGANIZATION ( LIFE MAY BE 9TRODUC$1 \T ( REA* ( ALL /ATI/ /RUCTURES4 

,FROM ?IS MOM5T =?1 AN>*I/S MU/ FOCUS !IR ATT5TION UPON ?AT ASPECT ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,!Y HAVE TO BE CONV9C$ ?AT1 IF ! REVOLUTION'S >M$ =CES >E ORGANIZ$ 9TO HUGE >MIES OR 9TO LOTS ( LOCAL >M$ DETA*M5TS1 !Y CANNOT BUT OV]COME ! ,/ATE'S 9CUMB5TS & DEF5D]S1 & !REBY BR+ AB\T ! CONDITIONS NE$$ BY ! TOIL+ POPULACE SUPPORT+ ! REVOLUTION1 SO ?AT IT MAY CUT ALL TIES ) ! PA/ & LOOK TO ! F9AL DETAIL ( ! PROCESS ( CON/RUCT+ A NEW SOCIOECONOMIC EXI/5CE4 

,! ,/ATE WILL1 ?\<1 BE ABLE TO CL+ TO A FEW LOCAL 5CLAVES & TRY TO PLACE MULTIF>I\S OB/ACLES 9 ! PA? ( ! TOIL]S' NEW LIFE1 SL[+ ! PACE ( GR[? & H>MONI\S DEVELOPM5T ( NEW RELATION%IPS F\ND$ ON ! COMPLETE EMANCIPATION ( MAN4 

,! F9AL & UTT] LIQUIDATION ( ! ,/ATE CAN ONLY COME TO PASS :5 ! /RUGGLE ( ! TOIL]S IS ORI5T$ ALONG ! MO/ LIB]T>IAN L9ES POSSIBLE1 :5 ! TOIL]S WILL !MSELVES DET]M9E ! /RUCTURES ( !IR SOCIAL ACTION4 ,!SE /RUCTURES %\LD ASSUME ! =M ( ORGANS ( SOCIAL & ECONOMIC SELF-DIRECTION1 ! =M ( FREE 0ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN0 SOVIETS4 ,! REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S & !IR VANGU>D - ! AN>*I/S - MU/ ANALYZE ! NATURE & /RUCTURE ( !SE SOVIETS & SPECIFY !IR REVOLUTION>Y FUNCTIONS 9 ADVANCE4 ,IT IS UPON ?AT1 *IEFLY1 ?AT ! POSITIVE EVOLUTION & DEVELOPM5T ( AN>*I/ IDEAS 9 ! RANKS ( ?OSE :O WILL ACCOMPLI% ! LIQUIDATION ( ! ,/ATE ON !IR [N ACC\NT 9 ORD] TO BUILD A FREE SOCIETY1 WILL BE DEP5D5T4 

,DYELO ,TRUDA ,NO4#a#g1 ,OCTOB] #a#i#b#f1 PP4 #e-#f 

O ,*APT] #ab 3 ,! ,FIR/ ( ,MAY3 ,SYMBOL ( A ,NEW ,]A 9 ! ,LIFE & ,/RUGGLE ( ! ,TOIL]S 

,9 ! SOCIALI/ WORLD1 ! FIR/ ( ,MAY IS CONSID]$ ! ,LABOR HOLIDAY4 ,?IS IS A MI/AK5 DESCRIPTION ?AT HAS SO P5ETRAT$ ! LIVES ( ! TOIL]S ?AT 9 MANY C\NTRIES ?AT DAY IS 9DE$ CELEBRAT$ AS SU*4 ,9 FACT1 ! FIR/ ( ,MAY IS NOT AT ALL A HOLIDAY = ! TOIL]S4 ,NO1 ! TOIL]S %\LD NOT /AY 9 !IR WORK%OPS OR 9 ! FIELDS ON ?AT DATE4 ,ON ?AT DATE1 TOIL]S ALL OV] ! WORLD %\LD COME TOGE!R 9 EV]Y VILLAGE1 EV]Y T[N1 & ORGANIZE MASS RALLIES1 NOT TO M>K ?AT DATE AS /ATI/ SOCIALI/S & ESPECIALLY ! ,BOL%EVIKS CONCEIVE IT1 BUT RA!R TO GAUGE ! MEASURE ( !IR /R5G? & ASSESS ! POSSIBILITIES = DIRECT >M$ /RUGGLE AGA9/ A ROTT51 C[>DLY1 SLAVE-HOLD+ ORD] ROOT$ 9 VIOL5CE & FALSEHOOD4 ,IT IS EASIE/ = ALL ! TOIL]S TO COME TOGE!R ON ?AT HI/ORIC DATE1 ALREADY P>T ( ! CAL5D>1 & MO/ CONV5I5T = !M TO EXPRESS !IR COLLECTIVE WILL1 AS WELL AS 5T] 9TO COMMON DISCUSSION ( EV]Y?+ RELAT$ TO ESS5TIAL MATT]S ( ! PRES5T & ! FUTURE4 

,OV] =TY YE>S AGO1 ! ,AM]ICAN WORK]S ( ,*ICAGO & ITS 5VIRONS ASSEMBL$ ON ! FIR/ ( ,MAY4 ,!RE !Y LI/5$ TO ADDRESSES FROM MANY SOCIALI/ ORATORS1 & MORE ESPECIALLY ?OSE FROM AN>*I/ ORATORS1 = !Y FAIRLY GOBBL$ UP LIB]T>IAN IDEAS & OP5LY SID$ ) ! AN>*I/S4 

,?AT DAY ?OSE ,AM]ICAN WORK]S ATTEMPT$1 BY ORGANIZ+ !MSELVES1 TO GIVE EXPRESSION TO !IR PROTE/ AGA9/ ! 9IQUIT\S ORD] ( ! ,/ATE & ,CAPITAL ( ! PROP]TI$4 ,?AT WAS :AT ! ,AM]ICAN LIB]T>IANS ,SPIES1 ,P>SONS & O!RS SPOKE AB\T4 ,IT WAS AT ?IS PO9T ?AT ?IS PROTE/ RALLY WAS 9T]RUPT$ BY PROVOCATIONS BY ! HIREL+S ( ,CAPITAL & IT 5D$ ) ! MASSACRE ( UN>M$ WORK]S1 FOLL[$ BY ! >RE/ & MURD] ( ,SPIES1 ,P>SONS & O!R COMRADES4 

,! WORK]S ( ,*ICAGO & DI/RICT HAD NOT ASSEMBL$ TO CELEBRATE ! ,MAY ,DAY HOLIDAY4 ,!Y HAD GA!R$ TO RESOLVE1 9 COMMON1 ! PROBLEMS ( !IR LIVES & !IR /RUGGLES4 

,TODAY TOO1 :]ESOEV] ! TOIL]S HAVE FRE$ !MSELVES FROM ! TUTELAGE ( ! B\RGEOISIE & ! SOCIAL DEMOCRACY L9K$ TO IT 7,M5%EVIK OR ,BOL%EVIK1 IT MAKES NO DIFF]5CE7 OR EV5 TRY TO DO SO1 !Y REG>D ! FIR/ ( ,MAY AS ! OCCASION ( A GET-TOGE!R :5 !Y WILL CONC]N !MSELVES ) !IR [N AFFAIRS & CONSID] ! MATT] ( !IR EMANCIPATION4 ,?R\< !SE ASPIRATIONS1 !Y GIVE EXPRESSION TO !IR SOLID>ITY ) & REG>D = ! MEMORY ( ! ,*ICAGO M>TYRS4 ,?US !Y S5SE ?AT ! FIR/ ( ,MAY CANNOT BE A HOLIDAY = !M4 ,SO1 DESPITE ! CLAIMS ( 0PR(ESSIONAL SOCIALI/S10 T5D+ TO PORTRAY IT AS ! ,FEA/ ( ,LABOR1 ! FIR/ ( ,MAY CAN BE NO?+ ( ! SORT = CONSCI\S WORK]S4 

,! FIR/ ( ,MAY IS ! SYMBOL ( A NEW ]A 9 ! LIFE & /RUGGLE ( ! TOIL]S1 AN ]A ?AT EA* YE> (F]S ! TOIL]S FRE%1 9CREAS+LY T\< & DECISIVE BATTLES AGA9/ ! B\RGEOISIE1 = ! FRE$OM & 9DEP5D5CE WRE/$ FROM !M1 = !IR SOCIAL IDEAL4 

,DYELO ,TRUDA ,NO4#c#f1 #a#i#b#h1 P4 #b-#c4 

O ,*APT] #ac 3 ,AN>*ISM & ,\R ,TIMES 

,AN>*ISM IS NOT M]ELY A DOCTR9E ?AT TREATS ( MAN'S SOCIAL LIFE1 9 ! N>R[ MEAN+ ) :I* ! T]M IS 9VE/$ 9 POLITICAL DICTION>IES1 & SOMETIMES1 AT MEET+S1 BY \R PROPAG&I/ SPEAK]S4 ,IT IS ALSO A TEA*+ ?AT EMBRACES ! :OLE EXI/5CE ( MAN AS A R\ND$ 9DIVIDUAL4 

,OV] ! C\RSE ( ! ELABORATION ( ITS OV]ALL WORLD PICTURE1 AN>*ISM HAS SET ITSELF A V]Y SPECIFIC TASK3 TO 5COMPASS ! WORLD 9 ITS 5TIRETY1 SWEEP+ ASIDE ALL MANN] ( OB/ACLES1 PRES5T & YET TO COME1 :I* MI<T BE POS$ BY B\RGEOIS CAPITALI/ SCI5CE & TE*NOLOGY4 ,?IS ) ! AIM ( SUPPLY+ MAN ) ! MO/ EXHAU/IVE POSSIBLE EXPLANATION ( EXI/5CE 9 ?IS WORLD & ( MAK+ ! BE/ POSSIBLE FI/ ( ALL ! PROBLEMS :I* MAY CONFRONT IT3 ?IS APPROA* %\LD HELP IT TO 9T]NALIZE A CONSCI\SNESS ( ! AN>*ISM NATURALLY 9H]5T 9 IT - ?AT1 AT LEA/1 IS :AT ,I SUPPOSE - TO ! EXT5T ?AT IT IS CONT9UALLY BE+ FAC$ ) P>TIAL MANIFE/ATIONS !RE(4 

,IT IS ON ! BASIS ( ! WILL ( ! 9DIVIDUAL ?AT ! LIB]T>IAN TEA*+ CAN BE EMBODI$ 9 REAL LIFE & CLE> A PA? ?AT WILL HELP MAN TO BANI% ALL SPIRIT ( SUBMISSION FROM HIS BOSOM4 

,:5 IT DEVELOPS1 AN>*ISM KN[S NO B\NDS4 ,IT ACKN[L$GES NO BANKS )9 :I* IT MI<T BE CONF9$ & FIX$4 ,JU/ LIKE HUMAN EXI/5CE1 IT HAS NO DEF9ITIVE =MULAS = ITS ASPIRATIONS & OBJECTIVES4 

,AS ,I SEE IT1 ! RI<T ?AT EV]Y MAN 5JOYS TO TOTAL FRE$OM1 AS DEF9$ BY ! !ORETICAL PO/ULATES ( AN>*ISM1 C\LD ONLY BE1 = HIM1 A MEANS ?R\< :I* TO A*IEVE MORE OR LESS COMPLETE BLOSSOM+1 :IL/ CONT9U+ TO DEVELOP4 ,HAV+ BANI%$ FROM MAN ?AT SPIRIT ( SUBMISSION ?AT HAS BE5 >TIFICIALLY ?RU/ UPON HIM1 AN>*ISM !REAFT] BECOMES ! KEYNOTE IDEA ( HUMAN SOCIETY ON ITS M>* T[>DS ! ATTA9M5T ( ALL ITS GOALS4 

,9 \R TIMES1 AN>*ISM IS /ILL REG>D$ AS !ORETICALLY WEAK3 FUR!RMORE1 SOME >GUE ?AT IT IS (T5 9T]PRET$ WRONGLY4 ,H[EV]1 ITS EXPON5TS HAVE PL5TY TO SAY AB\T IT3 MANY >E CON/ANTLY PRATTL+ AB\T IT1 MILITAT+ ACTIVELY & SOMETIMES COMPLA9+ ( ITS LACK ( SUCCESS 7,I IMAG9E1 9 ?IS LA/ 9/ANCE1 ?AT ?IS ATTITUDE IS PROMPT$ BY ! FAILURE TO DEVISE1 ?R\< RESE>*1 ! SOCIAL :]E)AL VITAL TO AN>*ISM IF IT IS TO GA9 A FOO?OLD 9 CONTEMPOR>Y SOCIETY7 4 4 4 

,EA* & EV]Y ONE ( US IS AGRE$ ?AT COHESION BETWE5 ALL ACTIVE AN>*I/S1 9 ! =M ( A S]I\S COLLECTIVE ACTIVITY1 IS :AT IS NE$$4 ,IT W\LD1 !RE=E1 BE V]Y SURPRIS+ = OPPON5TS ( ?AT ,UNION 9 \R RANKS TO DECL>E !MSELVES4 ,! ISSUE TO BE RESOLV$ RELATES ONLY TO ! ORGANIZATIONAL =MAT ?AT SU* A ,UNION ( AN>*I/S MI<T ASSUME4 

,P]SONALLY1 ,I AM 9CL9$ TO ACCEPT AS ! MO/ APPROPRIATE & MO/ NECESS>Y ORGANIZATIONAL =MAT ! ONE ?AT W\LD (F] ITSELF AS A ,UNION ( AN>*I/S CON/RUCT$ ON ! BASIS ( ! PR9CIPLES ( COLLECTIVE DISCIPL9E & CONC]T$ DIRECTION ( ALL AN>*I/ =CES4 ,?US1 ALL ORGANIZATIONS AFFILIAT+ TO IT W\LD BE 9T]-CONNECT$ NOT JU/ BY A COMMUNITY ( SOCIO-REVOLUTION>Y GOALS1 BUT ALSO BY A COMMON SUBSCRIPTION TO ! MEANS ?AT W\LD LEAD US !RE4 

,! ACTIVITIES ( LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS CAN BE ADAPT$1 AS F> AS POSSIBLE1 TO SUIT LOCAL CONDITIONS3 H[EV]1 SU* ACTIVITIES MU/1 UNFAIL+LY1 BE CONSONANT ) ! PATT]N ( ! OV]ALL ORGANIZATIONAL PRACTICE ( ! ,UNION ( AN>*I/S COV]+ ! :OLE C\NTRY4 

,:E!R ?IS ,UNION DESCRIBES ITSELF AS A P>TY OR AS SOME?+ ELSE IS A MATT] ( M]ELY SECOND>Y IMPORTANCE4 ,! ESS5TIAL PO9T IS ?AT IT %\LD FOCUS ALL AN>*I/ =CES UPON UNI=M & COMMON PRACTICE AGA9/ ! 5EMY1 PRESS+ AHEAD ) ! /RUGGLE = TOIL]S' RI<TS1 IMPLEM5TATION ( ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION & ! 9/ALLATION ( ! AN>*I/ SOCIETY6 

,DYELO ,TRUDA ,NO4 #f1 ,NOVEMB] #a#i#b#e1 PP4 #f-#g4 

O ,*APT] #ad 3 ,\R ,ORGANIZATION 

,! TIMES ?R\< :I* ! WORK+ CLASS WORLD-WIDE IS PRES5TLY PASS+ REQUIRES ?AT REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/S /RA9 !IR IMAG9ATIONS & !IR 5]GIES TO ! FULLE/ IF !Y >E TO CL>IFY ! MO/ IMPORTANT ISSUES4 

,?OSE ( \R COMRADES :O PLAY$ AN ACTIVE P>T 9 ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION & :O HAVE KEPT FAI? ) !IR CONVICTIONS WILL BE S5SIBLE ( ! H>MFULNESS ?AT ABS5CE ( SOLID ORGANIZATION HAS BR\<T TO \R MOVEM5T4 ,?OSE COMRADES >E WELL-PLAC$ TO R5D] P>TICUL> S]VICE TO ! QUE/ = UNION CURR5TLY BE+ CONDUCT$4 ,IT HAS NOT GONE UNNOTIC$ BY ?OSE COMRADES1 ,I IMAG9E1 ?AT AN>*ISM WAS A FACTOR = 9SURRECTION AMONG ! TOIL+ REVOLUTION>Y MASSES 9 ,RUSSIA & 9 ! ,UKRA9E3 IT 9CIT$ !M TO JO9 9 ! /RUGGLE EV]Y:]E4 ,H[EV]1 ! ABS5CE ( A GREAT SPECIFICALLY AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION1 CAPABLE ( M>%AL+ ITS RES\RCES AGA9/ ! REVOLUTION'S 5EMIES1 LEFT IT P[]LESS TO ASSUME ANY ORGANIZATIONAL ROLE4 ,! LIB]T>IAN ?RU/ 9 ! REVOLUTION HAS SUFF]$ ! DIRE CONSEQU5CES ( ?AT4 

,IF !Y HAVE GRASP$ ?AT %ORTCOM+1 ! ,RUSSIAN & ,UKRA9IAN AN>*I/S %\LD NOT P]MIT A REPETITION ( ?IS PH5OM5ON4 ,! LESSON ( ! PA/ IS TOO PA9FUL &1 BE>+ ?AT 9 M9D1 !Y \<T TO BE ! FIR/ TO TEA* BY EXAMPLE ?R\< ! COHESIV5ESS ( !IR =CES4 ,H[8 ,BY SETT+ UP AN ORGANIZATION ?AT CAN ACCOMPLI% AN>*ISM'S MISSIONS1 NOT JU/ :5 ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION IS BE+ HAT*$1 BUT ALSO 9 ITS WAKE4 ,SU* AN ORGANIZATION %\LD UNITE ALL ( AN>*ISM'S REVOLUTION>Y =CES & UNHESITAT+LY SET AB\T PREP>+ ! MASSES = ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION & ! /RUGGLE TO A*IEVE ! AN>*I/ SOCIETY4 

,AL?\< ! MAJORITY ( US >E ALIVE TO ! NECESSITY ( SU* AN ORGANIZATION1 IT IS REGRETTABLE ?AT WE HAVE TO RECORD ?AT !RE IS ONLY A T9Y NUMB] PREP>$ TO TACKLE IT ) ! COMMITM5T & CONSI/5CY ?AT >E 9DISP5SABLE4 

,AT ! MOM5T1 EV5TS >E GA!R+ PACE ?R\<\T ,EUROPE AS A :OLE & ?AT 9CLUDES ,RUSSIA1 5ME%$ ?\< %E MAY BE 9 ! NETS ( ! ,PAN-,BOL%EVIKS4 ,! DAY IS NOT F> (F :5 WE WILL AGA9 BE CALL$ UPON TO TAKE AN ACTIVE P>T 9 !SE EV5TS4 ,IF WE ANSW] ! CALL AGA9 )\T FIR/ HAV+ EQUIPP$ \RSELVES ) AN ADEQUATE ORGANIZATION1 WE WILL /ILL BE P[]LESS TO PRECLUDE EV5TS FROM BE+ SUCK$ 9TO ! VORTEX ( /ATI/ SY/EMS4 

,:]ESOEV] HUMAN LIFE IS TO BE F\ND1 AN>*ISM ASSUMES A CONCRETE EXI/5CE4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 IT BECOMES ACCESSIBLE TO ! 9DIVIDUAL ONLY :]E IT BOA/S PROPAG&I/S & MILITANTS1 :O HAVE HONE/LY & 5TIRELY SEV]$ !IR CONNECTIONS ) ! SLAVE M5TALITY ( \R AGE1 SOME?+1 BY ! WAY1 ?AT BR+S SAVAGE P]SECUTION D[N UPON !IR HEADS4 ,SU* MILITANTS ASPIRE TO S]VE !IR BELIEFS ) DIS9T]E/1 )\T FE>+ TO UNCOV] UNSUSPECT$ ASPECTS 9 ! C\RSE ( !IR DEVELOPM5T1 ! BETT] TO DIGE/ !M AS !Y PROCE$1 IF NE$ BE1 & 9 ?IS WAY !Y LABOR = ! SUCCESS ( ! AN>*I/ SPIRIT OV] ! SPIRIT ( SUBMISSION4 ,TWO !SES >ISE \T ( ! ABOVE3 ! FIR/ IS ?AT AN>*ISM ASSUMES MULTIF>I\S EXPRESSIONS & =MS1 :IL/ RETA9+ A P]FECT 9TEGRITY 9 ITS ESS5TIALS4 
  ! SECOND IS ?AT IT IS 9H]5TLY REVOLUTION>Y & CAN ADOPT ONLY REVOLUTION>Y MODES ( /RUGGLE AGA9/ ITS 5EMIES4 

,9 ! C\RSE ( ITS REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE1 AN>*ISM NOT M]ELY OV]?R[S GOV]NM5TS & DISC>DS !IR LAWS1 BUT ALSO SETS AB\T ! SOCIETY ?AT SPAWN$ !IR VALUES1 !IR 0MORES0 & !IR 0MORALITY10 :I* IS :AT MAKES IT 9CREAS+LY COMPREH5SIBLE & DIGE/IBLE TO ! OPPRESS$ PORTION ( MANK9D4 

,ALL ( :I* 9CL9ES US TO ! FIRM BELIEF ?AT AN>*ISM CAN NO LONG] REMA9 WALL$ UP 9SIDE ! N>R[ P>AMET]S ( A M>G9AL ?9K+ TO :I* ONLY A FEW T9Y GR\PS OP]AT+ 9 ISOLATION SUBSCRIBE4 ,ITS NATURAL 9FLU5CE UPON ! M5TALITY ( /RUGGL+ HUMAN GR\PS IS ALL TOO APP>5T4 ,IF ?AT 9FLU5CE IS TO BE ASSIMILAT$ 9 A CONSCI\S FA%ION1 IT MU/ H5CE=? EQUIP ITSELF ) NEW APPROA*ES & />T H]E & N[ TO BORR[ ! APPROA* ( SOCIAL PRACTICES4 

,DYELO ,TRUDA ,NO4 #d1 ,SEPTEMB] #a#i#b#e1 PP4 #g-#h4 

O ,*APT] #ae 3 ,ON ,REVOLUTION>Y ,DISCIPL9E 

,SOME COMRADES HAVE PUT ! FOLL[+ QUE/ION TO ME3 ,H[ DO ,I CONCEIVE REVOLUTION>Y DISCIPL9E8 ,LET ME ANSW] ?AT4 

,I TAKE REVOLUTION>Y DISCIPL9E TO MEAN ! SELF-DISCIPL9E ( ! 9DIVIDUAL1 SET 9 ! CONTEXT ( A /RICTLY PRESCRIB$ COLLECTIVE ACTIVITY EQUALLY 9CUMB5T UPON ALL4 

,?IS %\LD BE ! RESPONSIBLE POLICY L9E ( ! MEMB]S ( ?AT COLLECTIVE1 LEAD+ TO /RICT CONGRU5CE BETWE5 ITS PRACTICE & ITS !ORY4 

,)\T DISCIPL9E 9SIDE ! ORGANIZATION1 !RE IS NO WAY ( UND]TAK+ ANY CONSEQU5TIAL REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVITY AT ALL4 ,9 ! ABS5CE ( DISCIPL9E1 ! REVOLUTION>Y VANGU>D CANNOT EXI/1 = 9 ?AT CASE IT W\LD F9D ITSELF 9 UTT] DIS>RAY 9 ITS PRACTICE & W\LD BE 9CAPABLE ( ID5TIFY+ ! TASKS ( ! MOM5T OR ( LIV+ UP TO ! 9ITIATOR ROLE ?AT ! MASSES EXPECT ( IT4 

,I 5VISAGE ?IS QUE/ION AGA9/ ! BACKDROP ( OBS]VATION & EXP]I5CE ( CONSI/5T REVOLUTION>Y PRACTICE4 ,= MY P>T1 ,I TAKE AS MY BASIS ! EXP]I5CE ( ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION1 :I* BORE )9 IT A CONT5T ?AT WAS ESS5TIALLY LIB]T>IAN 9 MANY RESPECTS4 

,HAD AN>*I/S BE5 CLOSELY CONNECT$ 9 ORGANIZATIONAL T]MS & HAD !Y 9 !IR ACTIONS ABID$ /RICTLY BY A WELL-DEF9$ DISCIPL9E1 !Y W\LD NEV] HAVE SUFF]$ SU* A R\T4 ,BUT1 BECAUSE ! AN>*I/S 0( ALL P]SUASIONS & T5D5CIES0 DID NOT REPRES5T 7NOT EV5 9 !IR SPECIFIC GR\PS7 A HOMOG5E\S COLLECTIVE ) A WELL-DEF9$ POLICY ( ACTION1 = ?AT V]Y REASON1 !SE AN>*I/S W]E UNABLE TO )/& ! POLITICAL & /RATEGIC SCRUT9Y :I* REVOLUTION>Y CIRCUM/ANCES IMPOS$ UPON !M4 ,DISORGANIZATION R$UC$ !M TO POLITICAL IMPOT5CE1 SEP>AT+ !M 9TO TWO CATEGORIES3 ! FIR/ MADE UP ( ?OSE :O HURL$ !MSELVES 9TO SY/EMATIC OCCUPATION ( B\RGEOIS PROP]TIES1 :]E !Y SET UP H\SE & LIV$ 9 COM=T4 ,!SE >E ! ONES ,I T]M 0T\RI/S10 ! V>I\S AN>*I/S :O BEETL$ >\ND FROM T[N TO T[N1 9 HOPE ( /UMBL+ ACROSS A PLACE TO LIVE = A TIME ALONG ! WAY1 TAK+ !IR LEISURE & HANG+ >\ND AS LONG AS POSSIBLE TO LIVE 9 COM=T & EASE4 

,! O!R CATEGORY WAS MADE UP ( ?OSE :O SEV]$ ALL REAL CONNECTIONS ) AN>*ISM 7AL?\< A FEW ( !M 9SIDE ! ,U,S,S,R >E N[ PASS+ !MSELVES (F AS ! SOLE REPRES5TATIVES ( REVOLUTION>Y AN>*ISM7 & FAIRLY SWOOP$ UPON ! POSITIONS (F]$ !M BY ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 EV5 :5 ! AU?ORITIES W]E %OOT+ AN>*I/S :O REMA9$ TRUE TO !IR REVOLUTION>Y CR$5TIALS BY D5\NC+ ! ,BOL%EVIKS' TREA*]Y4 

,9 ! LI<T ( !SE FACTS1 IT WILL BE READILY UND]/OOD :Y ,I CANNOT REMA9 9DIFF]5T TO ! NON*ALANCE & NEGLIG5CE CURR5TLY TO BE 5C\NT]$ 9 \R CIRCLES4 

,= ONE ?+1 IT PREV5TS ! E/ABLI%M5T ( A COH]5T LIB]T>IAN COLLECTIVE ?AT W\LD ALL[ AN>*I/S TO ASSUME !IR RI<TFUL PLACE 9 ! REVOLUTION1 &1 = ANO!R1 IT LEADS TO A SITUATION :]E WE MAKE DO ) F9E WORDS & GR& IDEAS1 :IL/ FAD+ AWAY :5 ! TIME = ACTION COMES4 

,?AT IS :Y ,I AM SPEAK+ AB\T A LIB]T>IAN ORGANIZATION ?AT RE/S UPON ! PR9CIPLE ( FRAT]NAL DISCIPL9E4 ,SU* AN ORGANIZATION W\LD LEAD TO ! CRUCIAL UND]/&+ BETWE5 ALL ( ! LIV+ =CES ( REVOLUTION>Y AN>*ISM & W\LD ASSI/ IT 9 TAK+ ITS RI<TFUL PLACE 9 ! /RUGGLE ( ,LABOR AGA9/ ,CAPITAL4 

,9 ?IS FA%ION1 LIB]T>IAN IDEAS CAN ONLY GA9 A MASS FOLL[+1 & NOT BE IMPOV]I%$4 ,ONLY EMPTY-HEAD$1 IRRESPONSIBLE *ATT]-BOXES C\LD BALK AT SU* AN ORGANIZATIONAL SET-UP4 

,ORGANIZATIONAL RESPONSIBILITY & DISCIPL9E %\LD NOT BE CONTROV]SIAL3 !Y >E ! TRAVEL+ COMPANIONS ( ! PRACTICE ( SOCIAL AN>*ISM4 

,DYELO ,TRUDA ,NO4 #g-#h1 ,DECEMB] #a#i#b#e-,JANU>Y #a#i#b#f1 P4#f4 

O ,*APT] #af 3 ,! ,A,B,C ( ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,AN>*I/ 

,AN>*ISM MEANS MAN LIV+ FREE & WORK+ CON/RUCTIVELY4 ,IT MEANS ! DE/RUCTION ( EV]Y?+ ?AT IS DIRECT$ AGA9/ MAN'S NATURAL1 HEAL?Y ASPIRATIONS4 

,AN>*ISM IS NOT EXCLUSIVELY A !ORETICAL TEA*+ EMANAT+ FROM PROGRAMS >TIFICIALLY CONCEIV$ ) AN EYE TO ! REGULATION ( LIFE3 IT IS A TEA*+ D]IV$ FROM LIFE ACROSS ALL ITS :OLESOME MANIFE/ATIONS1 SKIPP+ OV] ALL >TIFICIAL CRIT]IA4 

,! SOCIAL & POLITICAL VISAGE ( AN>*ISM IS A FREE1 ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN SOCIETY1 ONE ?AT 5%R9ES FRE$OM1 EQUALITY & SOLID>ITY BETWE5 ALL ITS MEMB]S4 

,9 AN>*ISM1 ,RI<T MEANS ! RESPONSIBILITY ( ! 9DIVIDUAL1 ! SORT ( RESPONSIBILITY ?AT BR+S ) IT AN AU!NTIC GU>ANTEE ( FRE$OM & SOCIAL JU/ICE = EA* & = ALL1 9 ALL PLACES & AT ALL TIMES4 ,IT IS \T ( ?IS ?AT COMMUNISM SPR+S4 

,AN>*ISM IS NATURALLY 9NATE 9 MAN3 COMMUNISM IS ! LOGICAL EXTRAPOLATION FROM IT4 

,!SE ASS]TIONS REQUIRE !ORETICAL SUPPORT 9 ! %APE ( ASSI/ANCE FROM SCI5TIFIC ANALYSIS & CONCRETE FACTS1 SO ?AT !Y MAY BECOME FUNDAM5TAL PO/ULATES ( AN>*ISM4 ,H[EV]1 ! GREAT LIB]T>IAN !ORI/S1 LIKE ,GODW91 ,PR\DHON1 ,BAKUN91 ,JOHANN ,MO/1 ,KROPOTK91 ,MALATE/A1 ,SEBA/I5 ,FAURE & LOTS ( O!RS W]E1 ,I SUPPOSE AT ANY RATE1 LOA! TO CONF9E !IR DOCTR9E )9 RIGID1 DEF9ITIVE P>AMET]S4 ,QUITE ! OPPOSITE4 ,IT MI<T BE SAID ?AT AN>*ISM'S SCI5TIFIC DOGMA IS ! ASPIRATION TO DEMON/RATE ?AT IT IS 9H]5T 9 HUMAN NATURE NEV] TO RE/ ON ITS LAURELS4 ,! ONLY ?+ ?AT IS UN*ANG+ 9 SCI5TIFIC AN>*ISM IS ITS NATURAL T5D5CY TO REJECT ALL FETT]S & ANY ATTEMPT BY MAN TO EXPLOIT HIS FELL[ M54 ,9 PLACE ( ! FETT]S ( ! SLAV]Y CURR5TLY EXTANT 9 HUMAN SOCIETY :I*1 BY ! WAY1 SOCIALISM HAS NOT DONE AWAY )1 NOR CAN IT - AN>*ISM PLANTS FRE$OM & MAN'S 9ALI5ABLE RI<T TO MAKE USE ( ?AT FRE$OM4 

,AS A REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/1 ,I %>$ ! LIFE ( ! ,UKRA9IAN PEOPLE DUR+ ! REVOLUTION4 ,?R\<\T ITS ACTIVITY1 ?AT PEOPLE 9/9CTIVELY FELT ! VITAL ATTRACTION ( LIB]T>IAN IDEAS &1 EQUALLY1 PAID ! TRAGIC PRICE = ?AT4 ,)\T YIELD+1 ,I TA/$ ! SAME DRAMATIC RIGORS ( ?AT COLLECTIVE /RUGGLE BUT1 V]Y (T51 ,I F\ND MYSELF P[]LESS TO COMPREH5D & !N TO >TICULATE ! DEM&S ( ! MOM5T4 ,G5]ALLY SPEAK+1 ,I QUICKLY CAME TO MY S5SES & ,I CLE>LY GRASP$ ?AT ! GOAL = :I* ,I & MY COMRADES W]E CALL+ = /RUGGLE WAS READILY ASSIMILAT$ BY ! MASSES FI<T+ = ! FRE$OM & 9DEP5D5CE ( ! 9DIVIDUAL & ( MANK9D AS A :OLE4 

,EXP]I5CE ( PRACTICAL /RUGGLE /R5G!N$ MY CONVICTION ?AT AN>*ISM $UCATES MAN 9 A LIV+ WAY4 ,IT IS A TEA*+ EV]Y BIT AS REVOLUTION>Y AS LIFE1 & IT IS AS V>I$ & POT5T 9 ITS MANIFE/ATIONS AS MAN'S CREATIVE EXI/5CE &1 9DE$1 IS 9TIMATELY B\ND UP ) ?AT4 

,AS A REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/1 & = AS LONG AS ,I RETA9 EV5 ! MO/ T5U\S CONNECTION ) ?AT LABEL1 ,I WILL SUMMON Y\1 MY HUMILIAT$ BRO!R1 TO ! /RUGGLE TO MAKE A REALITY ( ! AN>*I/ IDEAL4 ,9 FACT1 IT IS ONLY ?R\< ?AT /RUGGLE = FRE$OM1 EQUALITY & SOLID>ITY ?AT Y\ WILL REA* AN UND]/&+ ( AN>*ISM4 

,SO1 AN>*ISM IS PRES5T 9 MAN NATURALLY3 HI/ORICALLY1 IT LIB]ATES HIM FROM ! 7>TIFICIALLY ACQUIR$7 SLAVE M5TALITY & HELPS HIM BECOME A CONSCI\S FI<T] AGA9/ SLAV]Y 9 ALL ITS GUISES4 ,IT IS 9 ?AT REG>D ?AT AN>*ISM IS REVOLUTION>Y4 

,! MORE A MAN BECOMES AW>E1 ?R\< REFLECTION1 ( HIS S]VILE CONDITION1 ! MORE 9DIGNANT HE BECOMES1 ! MORE ! AN>*I/ SPIRIT ( FRE$OM1 DET]M9ATION & ACTION WAXES 9SIDE HIM4 ,?AT IS TRUE ( EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL1 MAN OR WOMAN1 EV5 ?\< !Y MAY NEV] HAVE HE>D ( ! WORD 0AN>*ISM0 BE=E4 

,! NATURE ( MAN IS AN>*I/3 IT KICKS AGA9/ ANY?+ T5D+ TO MAKE IT A PRISON]4 ,AS ,I SEE IT1 ?IS1 MAN'S NATURAL ESS5CE1 IS WELL EXPRESS$ BY ! SCI5TIFIC T]M AN>*ISM4 ,! LATT]1 AS AN IDEAL ( LIFE 9 M51 PLAYS A MEAN+FUL ROLE 9 HUMAN EVOLUTION4 ,! OPPRESSORS AS MU* AS ! OPPRESS$1 BEG91 LITTLE BY LITTLE1 TO COME ALIVE TO ?AT ROLE3 SO ! =M] ASPIRE BY HOOK OR BY CROOK TO MISREPRES5T ?AT IDEAL1 :IL/ ! LATT] ASPIRE TO MAKE IT ! EASI] TO ATTA94 

,COMPREH5SION ( ! AN>*I/ IDEAL GR[S 9 SLAVE & MA/] ALIKE AS MOD]N CIVILIZATION GR[S4 

,DESPITE ! 5DS TO :I* ! LATT] HAS ?US F> BE5 TURN$ - LULL+ & ?W>T+ EV]Y NATURAL T5D5CY 9 MAN TO PROTE/ EV]Y TRESPASS AGA9/ HIS DIGNITY - IT HAS NOT BE5 ABLE TO SIL5CE 9DEP5D5T SCI5TIFIC M9DS :I* HAVE EXPOS$ ! TRUE PROV5ANCE ( MAN & DEMON/RAT$ ! NONEXI/5CE ( ,GOD1 HI!RTO CONSID]$ ! ,CREATOR ( ,MANK9D4 ,!REAFT]1 IT HAS NATURALLY BECOME EASI] TO (F] IRREFUTABLE PRO( ( ! >TIFICIAL NATURE ( 0DIV9E ORD9ANCES0 ON E>? & ( ! IGNOM9I\S RELATIONS ?AT !Y E/ABLI% BETWE5 M54 

,ALL ( !SE HAPP5+S HAVE BE5 ( CONSID]ABLE ASSI/ANCE TO ! CONSCI\S DEVELOPM5T ( AN>*I/ IDEAS4 ,EQUALLY IT IS TRUE ?AT >TIFICIAL NOTIONS HAVE COME TO LI<T AT ! SAME TIME3 LIB]ALISM & ?AT ALLEG$LY 0SCI5TIFIC0 SOCIALISM1 ONE ( ! BRAN*ES ( :I* IS REPRES5T$ BY ,BOL%EVISM-,COMMUNISM4 ,H[EV]1 DESPITE ALL !IR VA/ 9FLU5CE UPON ! PSY*OLOGY ( MOD]N SOCIETY1 OR AT ANY RATE UPON A L>GE P>T !RE(1 & DESPITE !IR VICTORY OV] ! CLASSICAL REACTION ON ! ONE H&1 & OV] ! 9DIVIDUAL P]SONALITY ON ! O!R1 !SE >TIFICIAL NOTIONS T5D TO SLIP D[N ! SLOPE LEAD+ TO ! FAMILI> =MS ( ! OLD WORLD4 

,! FREE MAN1 :O A*IEVES CONSCI\SNESS & EXPRESSES IT >\ND HIMSELF1 9EVITABLY LAYS TO RE/ & ALWAYS WILL LAY TO RE/1 ! :OLE ( MANK9D'S IGNOBLE PA/1 AS WELL AS ALL ?AT ?AT IMPLI$ 9 T]MS ( DECEIT1 >BITR>Y VIOL5CE & DEGRADATION4 ,IT WILL ALSO LAY !SE >TIFICIAL TEA*+S TO RE/4 

,FROM ?IS MOM5T =?1 ! 9DIVIDUAL LITTLE BY LITTLE /RUGGLES FREE ( ! C>APACE ( LIES & C[>DICE 9 :I* ! E>?LY GODS HAVE WRAPP$ HIM S9CE BIR?1 & ?AT ) ! AID ( ! BRUTE =CE ( BAYONET1 RUBLE1 0JU/ICE0 & HYPOCRITICAL SCI5CE - ! SCI5CE ( ! SORC]]S' APPR5TICES4 

,9 SL\<+ (F SU* 9FAMY1 ! 9DIVIDUAL ATTA9S A COMPLET5ESS ?AT OP5S HIS EYES TO ! MAP ( ! WORLD3 & ! FIR/ ?+ HE REM>KS IS HIS S]VILE =M] EXI/5CE1 REPLETE ) C[>DICE & MIS]Y4 ,9 MAK+ A SLAVE ( HIM1 ?AT =M] EXI/5CE HAD DONE TO DEA? EV]Y?+ CLEAN1 PURE & WOR?:ILE ?AT HE HAD />T$ LIFE )1 SO AS TO TURN HIM EI!R 9TO A BLEAT+ %EEP1 OR AN IMBECILIC MA/] :O TRAMPLES & DE/ROYS ANY?+ GOOD TO BE 5C\NT]$ 9 HIMSELF OR 9 O!RS4 

,IT IS AT ?IS PO9T ONLY ?AT MAN AWAKES TO NATURAL FRE$OM1 9DEP5D5T ( EV]YONE & EV]Y?+ :I* R$UCES TO A%ES ANY?+ ?AT DEFIES IT1 EV]Y?+ ?AT VIOLATES NATURE'S PURITY & CAPTIVAT+ BEAUTY1 :I* IS MADE MANIFE/ & GR[S ?R\< ! AUTONOM\S CREATIVE 5DEAVOR ( ! 9DIVIDUAL4 ,IT IS H]E ONLY ?AT ! 9DIVIDUAL COMES TO HIS S5SES AGA9 & DAMNS HIS %AMEFUL PA/ = ONCE & = ALL1 SEV]+ EV]Y PSY*IC L9K ) IT ?AT HI!RTO IMPRISON$ HIS 9DIVIDUAL & SOCIAL LIFE ) ! BURD5 ( ITS S]VILE ASC5DANCY & ALSO1 P>TLY1 ?R\< HIS [N RESIGNATION1 AS 5C\RAG$ & DECEIV$ BY ! %AMANS ( SCI5CE4 

,H5CE=?1 MAN MAKES AS MU* PROGRESS FROM YE> TO YE> T[>DS A L(TY E?ICAL GOAL - NOT TO BE & NOT TO BECOME A %AMAN HIMSELF1 SOME PROPHET ( P[] OV] O!RS & NO LONG] TO TOL]ATE O!RS WIELD+ P[] OV] HIM - AS =M]LY HE WAS MAK+ FROM G5]ATION TO G5]ATION4 

,FRE$ FROM HIS HEAV5LY & E>?LY DEITIES1 AS WELL AS FROM ALL !IR MORAL & SOCIAL PRESCRIPTIONS1 MAN SPEAKS \T AGA9/ & (F]S ACTUAL OPPOSITION TO MAN'S EXPLOITATION ( HIS FELL[ MAN & ! P]V]SION ( HIS NATURE1 :I* REMA9S 9V>IABLY COMMITT$ TO ! ONW>D M>* T[>DS COMPLETION & P]FECTION4 ,?IS REBEL1 HAV+ BECOME CONSCI\S ( HIMSELF & ( ! CIRCUM/ANCES ( HIS OPPRESS$ & DEGRAD$ BRE?R51 !REAFT] GIVES EXPRESSION TO HIS HE>T & TO HIS REASON3 HE BECOMES A REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/1 ! ONLY 9DIVIDUAL CAPABLE ( ?IR/+ AFT] FRE$OM1 COMPLETION & P]FECTION = HIMSELF & = ! HUMAN RACE1 AS HE TRAMPLES UND]FOOT ! SLAV]Y & SOCIAL IDIOCY :I* HAS1 HI/ORICALLY1 BE5 EMBODI$ BY VIOL5CE - ! ,/ATE4 ,AGA9/ ?AT MURD]] & ?AT ORGANIZ$ B&IT1 ! FREE MAN 9 TURN ORGANIZES ALONG ) HIS FELL[S1 SO AS TO /R5G!N & ESP\SE A G5U9ELY COMMUNI/ POLICY 9 ALL ! COMMON GA9S MADE ALONG ! ROAD ( CREATION1 :I* IS AT ONCE GR&IOSE & PA9FUL4 

,! 9DIVIDUAL MEMB]S ( SU* GR\PS1 BY D9T ( BECOM+ MEMB]S ( !M1 FREE !MSELVES FROM ! CRIM9AL TUTELAGE ( ! RUL+ SOCIETY1 TO ! EXT5T ?AT !Y R$ISCOV] !MSELVES1 ?AT IS1 !Y REJECT ALL S]VILITY T[>DS O!RS1 :ATEV] !Y MAY HAVE BE5 HI!RTO3 WORK]1 PEASANT1 /UD5T OR 9TELLECTUAL4 ,9 ?IS WAY !Y ESCAPE FROM ! CONDITION EI!R ( A PACK-MULE1 SLAVE1 FUNCTION>Y OR LACKEY SELL+ !MSELVES TO IMBECILES ( MA/]S4 

,AS AN 9DIVIDUAL1 MAN GETS BACK TO HIS AU!NTIC P]SONALITY :5 HE REJECTS FALSE ?9K+ AB\T LIFE & R$UCES IT TO A%ES1 !REBY RECOV]+ HIS REAL RI<TS4 ,IT IS ?R\< ?IS DUAL OP]ATION ( REJECTION & AFFIRMATION ?AT ! 9DIVIDUAL BECOMES A REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/ & A CONSCI\S COMMUNI/4 

,AS AN IDEAL ( HUMAN EXI/5CE1 AN>*ISM IS CONSCI\SLY DISCLOS$ TO EA* 9DIVIDUAL AS ?\<T'S NATURAL ASPIRATION TO A FREE & CREATIVE EXI/5CE1 LEAD+ ON TO A SOCIAL IDEAL ( HAPP9ESS4 ,9 \R DAY1 ! AN>*I/ SOCIETY OR H>MONI\S HUMAN SOCIETY NO LONG] SEEMS A *IM]A4 ,H[EV]1 LIKE ITS ELABORATION & ITS PRACTICAL PLANN+1 ! CONCEPTION ( IT SEEMS AS YET LITTLE 9 EVID5CE4 

,AS A TEA*+ BE>+ UPON MAN'S NEW LIFE & ITS CREATIVE DEVELOPM5T1 9DIVIDUALLY AS WELL AS SOCIALLY1 ! V]Y IDEA ( AN>*ISM IS F\ND$ UPON ! 9DE/RUCTIBLE TRU? ( HUMAN NATURE & ON ! 9CONTROV]TIBLE PRO(S ( ! 9JU/ICE ( CONTEMPOR>Y SOCIETY - A V]ITABLE P]MAN5T BLI<T4 ,REALIZATION ( ?AT LEADS TO ITS ADVOCATES - AN>*I/S - F9D+ !MSELVES 9 CONDITIONS ( SEMI- OR COMPLETE \TLAWRY VIS-A-VIS ! =MAL 9/ITUTIONS ( ! EXI/+ SOCIETY4 ,9DE$1 AN>*ISM CANNOT BE ACKN[L$G$ AS QUITE LAWFUL 9 ANY C\NTRY3 ?IS CAN BE EXPLA9$ 9 T]MS ( PRES5T SOCIETY'S BE+ PR(\NDLY IMPREGNAT$ BY ITS S]VANT & MA/]1 ! ,/ATE4 ,?AT B& ( 9DIVIDUALS :I* HAS ALWAYS LIV$ AS A P>ASITE UPON MANK9D1 BY CUTT+ ITS LIFE UP 9TO 0SLICES10 HAS ?US ID5TIFI$ ITSELF ) ! ,/ATE4 ,:E!R 9DIVIDUALLY OR AS A C\NTLESS MASS1 MAN F9DS HIMSELF AT ! M]CY ( ?IS B& ( DRONES GO+ UND] ! NAME ( 0GOV]NORS & MA/]S10 :5 9 REALITY !Y >E NO?+ BUT /RAI<T=W>D EXPLOIT]S & OPPRESSORS4 

,! GREAT IDEA ( AN>*ISM IS NOT AT ALL TO ! TA/E ( !SE %>KS :O BRUTALIZE & 5?RALL$ ! CONTEMPOR>Y WORLD1 :E!R !Y >E GOV]NM5TS ( RI<T OR LEFT1 B\RGEOIS OR /ATI/ SOCIALI/S4 ,! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 !SE %>KS BOILS D[N TO ! FACT ?AT ! =M] >E PR(ESS$LY B\RGEOIS - & ?US LESS HYPOCRITICAL - :]EAS ! LATT]1 ! /ATI/ SOCIALI/S ( ALL %ADES1 & AMONG !M ESPECIALLY ! COLLECTIVI/S :O HAVE ILLEGITIMATELY TACK$ ON ! LABEL ( 0COMMUNI/S10 NAMELY1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 HYPOCRITICALLY HIDE BEH9D ! WAT*WORDS ( 0FRAT]NITY & EQUALITY40 ,! ,BOL%EVIKS >E READY TO GIVE ! PRES5T SOCIETY A ?\S& COATS ( PA9T OR RE-LABEL ! SY/EMS ( DOM9ATION = SOME & 5SLAVEM5T = O!RS A ?\S& TIMES OV] - 9 %ORT1 TO AM5D ! NAMES AS !IR PROGRAMS MAY REQUIRE1 )\T !REBY ALT]+ ! NATURE ( ! PRES5T SOCIETY BY ONE IOTA1 EV5 IF IT MEANS 9CORPORAT+ 9TO !IR /UPID PROGRAMS COMPROMISES BETWE5 ! NATURAL CONTRADICTIONS ?AT EXI/ BETWE5 DOM9ATION & S]VITUDE4 ,AL?\< !Y KN[ ?AT !SE CONTRADICTIONS >E 9SURM\NTABLE1 !Y CL+ TO !M REG>DLESS1 = ! SOLE PURPOSE ( NOT LETT+ APPE> 9 LIFE ! ONLY TRULY HUMAN IDEAL3 LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM4 

,ACCORD+ TO !IR ABSURD PROGRAMS1 ! /ATI/ SOCIALI/S & COMMUNI/S HAVE DECID$ TO 0ALL[0 MAN TO EMANCIPATE HIMSELF SOCIALLY1 )\T ITS !REBY BE+ FEASIBLE = HIM TO MANIFE/ ?AT FRE$OM 9 HIS SOCIAL LIFE4 ,AS = LEAV+ MAN TO EMANCIPATE HIMSELF COMPLETELY1 SPIRITUALLY1 9 SU* A WAY ?AT HE MAY BE :OLLY FREE TO ACT & TO SUBMIT ONLY TO HIS [N WILL & ! LAWS ( NATURE ALONE1 AL?\< !Y T\* UPON ?AT SUBJECT1 ?AT IS \T ( ! QUE/ION AS F> AS !Y >E CONC]N$4 ,?IS IS ! REASON :Y !Y JO9 !IR EF=TS TO ?OSE ( ! B\RGEOIS1 SO ?AT EMANCIPATION MAY NEV] ELUDE !IR ODI\S SUP]VISION4 ,9 ANY EV5T1 WE KN[ ONLY TOO WELL ! =M ?AT MAY BE TAK5 BY 0EMANCIPATION0 AW>D$ BY ANY POLITICAL AU?ORITIES4 

,! B\RGEOIS F9DS ITS NATURAL TO SPEAK ( ! TOIL]S AS SLAVES FAT$ TO REMA9 SU*4 ,HE WILL NEV] GIVE 5C\RAGEM5T TO AU!NTIC LABOR LIKELY TO PRODUCE SOME?+ G5U9ELY USEFUL & BEAUTIFUL1 SOME?+ ( B5EFIT TO ! :OLE ( MANK9D4 ,DESPITE ! VA/ CAPITAL RES\RCES AT HIS DISPOSAL 9 9DU/RY & AGRICULTURE1 HE CLAIMS NOT TO BE ABLE TO DEVISE ! PR9CIPLES ( A NOVEL SOCIAL EXI/5CE4 ,! PRES5T SEEMS QUITE ADEQUATE TO HIM1 = ALL ! P[]FUL K[T[ TO HIM3 CZ>S1 PRESID5TS1 GOV]NM5TS & VIRTUALLY ALL 9TELLECTUALS & S*OL>S1 ALL :O 9 !IR TURN R$UCE ! SLAVES ( ! NEW SOCIETY TO SUBJECTION4 0,S]VANTS60 ! B\RGEOIS CRY \T TO !IR FAI?FUL S]VITORS1 0,GIVE TO ! SLAVES ! PITTANCE :I* IS !IR DUE1 KEEP :AT IS DUE TO Y\ = Y\R DEVOT$ S]VICES1 !N HOLD ! REMA9D] = US60 ,9 CONDITIONS LIKE ?OSE1 LIFE = !M C\LD NOT BE ANY?+ O!R ?AN BEAUTIFUL6 - ,NO1 WE >E NOT 9 AGREEM5T ) Y\ ON ! ABOVE6 RETORT ! /ATE SOCIALI/S & COMMUNI/S4 ,:]EUPON !Y TURN TO ! WORK]S1 ORGANIZ+ !M 9TO POLITICAL P>TIES1 !N 9CIT+ !M TO REVOLT :IL/ EXHORT+ !M AS FOLL[S3 

,DRIVE \T ! B\RGEOIS FROM ,/ATE P[] & GIVE IT TO US /ATI/ SOCIALI/S & COMMUNI/S1 !N WE WILL DEF5D Y\ & SET Y\ FREE4 

,BITT]1 NATURAL 5EMIES ( ,/ATE AU?ORITY1 MORE ?AN ( ! DRONES & PRIVILEG$1 ! TOIL]S GIVE V5T TO !IR HATR$1 RISE 9 REVOLT1 C>RY \T ! REVOLUTION1 DE/ROY ! P[] ( ! ,/ATE & DRIVE \T ?OSE WIELD+ IT1 & !N1 EI!R ?R\< NAIVETE OR LACK ( VIGILANCE1 !Y LET ! SOCIALI/S LAY H&S ON IT4 ,9 ,RUSSIA1 !Y LET ! ,BOL%EVIK-,COMMUNI/S LAY H&S ON IT LIKE ?AT4 ,!SE CRAV5 ,JESUITS1 !SE MON/]S1 BUT*]]S ( FRE$OM1 !REUPON SET TO WORK TO /RANGLE1 %OOT & CRU% ! PEOPLE1 EV5 ?\< !Y W]E UN>M$1 JU/ AS ! B\RGEOIS HAD DONE BE=E !M1 IF NOT 9DE$ WORSE4 ,!Y %OT TO BREAK ! 9DEP5D5T SPIRIT1 :E!R COLLECTIVE OR 9DIVIDUAL1 9 ! AIM ( ]ADICAT+ ONCE & = ALL FROM MAN ! SPIRIT ( FRE$OM & ! WILL TO CREATE1 TO LEAVE HIM A SPIRITUAL SLAVE & PHYSICAL LACKEY TO A B& ( VILLA9S 5SCONC$ 9 PLACE ( ! TOPPL$ ?RONE1 & NOT HESITAT+ TO DEPLOY KILL]S TO BR+ ! MASSES TO HEEL & ELIM9ATE ! RECALCITRANT4 

,MAN GROANS UND]NEA? ! WEI<T ( ! *A9S ( SOCIALI/ P[] 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,HE GROANS 9 O!R C\NTRIES ALSO B5EA? ! YOKE ( SOCIALI/S 9 CAHOOTS ) ! B\RGEOISIE1 OR EV5 UND] ! YOKE ( ! B\RGEOISIE ALONE4 ,EV]Y:]E1 9DIVIDUALLY OR COLLECTIVELY1 MAN GROANS UND] ! OPPRESSIV5ESS ( ,/ATE P[] & ITS POLITICAL & ECONOMIC LUNACIES4 ,FEW PEOPLE TAKE AN 9T]E/ 9 HIS SUFF]+S )\T SIMULTANE\SLY HAV+ SECOND ?\<TS1 = ! EXECUTION]S1 OLD OR NEW1 >E SPIRITUALLY & PHYSICALLY V]Y ROBU/3 !Y CAN CALL UPON HUGE EFFECTIVE RES\RCES TO UND]P9 !IR HOLD & CRU% EA* & EV]Y P]SON :O /&S 9 !IR WAY4 

,IT*+ TO DEF5D HIS RI<TS TO LIFE1 LIB]TY & HAPP9ESS1 MAN SEEKS TO MANIFE/ HIS CREATIVE DET]M9ATION BY V5TUR+ 9TO ! MAEL/ROM ( VIOL5CE4 ,9 FACE ( ! UNC]TA9 \TCOME ( HIS FI<T1 HE SOMETIMES HAS A T5D5CY TO L[] HIS >MS 9 FRONT ( HIS EXECUTION]1 AT ! V]Y MOM5T :5 ! LATT] IS SLIPP+ ! NOOSE AB\T HIS NECK1 & ?IS :5 JU/ ONE BOLD GLANCE FROM HIM W\LD BE 5\< TO R$UCE ! EXECUTION] TO A QUIV]+ JELLY & CALL ! BURD5SOME YOKE ONCE MORE 9TO QUE/ION4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 MAN V]Y (T5 PREF]S TO CLOSE HIS EYES AT ! V]Y MOM5T :5 ! EXECUTION] IS SLIPP+ A NOOSE >\ND HIS 5TIRE LIFE4 

,ONLY ! MAN :O HAS SUCCESSFULLY RID HIMSELF ( ! *A9S ( OPPRESSION & SE5 ALL ! HORRORS BE+ P]PETRAT$ AGA9/ ! HUMAN RACE CAN BE P]SUAD$ ?AT HIS FRE$OM & ?AT ( HIS NEI<BOR >E 9VIOLABLE1 AS >E !IR LIVES1 & ?AT HIS NEI<BOR IS HIS BRO!R4 ,IF HE IS READY TO CONQU] & DEF5D HIS FRE$OM1 TO EXT]M9ATE EV]Y OPPRESSOR & EV]Y EXECUTION] 7UNLESS ! LATT] R5\NCES HIS CRAV5 TRADE7 !N1 PROVID$ HE DOES NOT SET HIMSELF ! T>GET 9 ?IS /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! EVILS ( CONTEMPOR>Y SOCIETY ( REPLAC+ B\RGEOIS P[] ) SOME O!R1 EQUALLY OPPRESSIVE P[] - BE IT SOCIALI/1 COMMUNI/ OR 0WORK]0 7,BOL%EVIK7 - BUT RA!R AIMS TO A*IEVE A REALLY FREE SOCIETY1 ORGANIZ$ ON A BASIS ( 9DIVIDUAL RESPONSIBILITY & GU>ANTEE+ ALL A G5U9E FRE$OM & EQUALITY ( SOCIAL JU/ICE = ALL1 ?AT MAN ONLY IS A REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/4 ,HE MAY )\T FE> LOOK UPON ! WORKS ( ! EXECUTION]-,/ATE &1 IF NE$ BE1 LI/5 TO HIS V]DICT1 & ALSO PRON\NCE HIS [N BY DECL>+3 

,NO1 IT NE$ NOT BE SO6 ,REVOLT1 OPPRESS$ BRO!R6 ,RISE UP AGA9/ ALL ,/ATE P[]6 ,DE/ROY ! P[] ( ! B\RGEOISIE & DO NOT REPLACE IT ) ?AT ( ! SOCIALI/S & ,BOL%EVIK-COMMUNI/S4 ,DO AWAY ) ALL ,/ATE P[] & DRIVE \T ITS *AMPIONS1 = Y\ WILL NEV] F9D FRI5DS AMONG !M4 

,! P[] ( ! /ATI/ SOCIALI/S OR COMMUNI/S IS EV]Y BIT AS NOXI\S AS ?AT ( ! B\RGEOISIE4 ,IT MAY EV5 BE MORE SO1 :5 IT CONDUCTS ITS EXP]IM5TS ) ! BLOOD & ! LIVES ( M54 ,AT ?IS PO9T1 IT DOES NOT TAKE LONG TO REV]T SURREPTITI\SLY TO ! PREMISES ( B\RGEOIS P[]3 IT NO LONG] HAS ANY FE>S AB\T HAV+ REC\RSE TO ! WOR/ ( MEANS1 LY+ & DECEIV+ EV5 MORE ?AN ANY O!R P[]4 ,! IDEAS ( SOCIALISM OR ,/ATE COMMUNISM BECOME R$UNDANT3 IT NO LONG] AVAILS ( !M1 LAY+ H&S 9/EAD UPON ANY :I* MI<T HELP IT TO CL+ TO P[]4 ,9 ! LA/ ANALYSIS1 IT M]ELY USES NEW MEANS TO P]PETUATE DOM9ATION & BECOME MORE C[>DLY ?AN ! B\RGEOISIE :I* /R+S ! REVOLUTION>Y UP 9 PUBLIC VIEW :IL/ ,BOL%EVISM-COMMUNISM MURD]S & /RANGLES ON ! SLY4 

,ANY POLITICAL REVOLUTION :I* HAS LEFT ! B\RGEOISIE & ! /ATE SOCIALI/S OR COMMUNI/S TO FI<T IT \T IS A GOOD ILLU/RATION ( :AT ,I HAVE JU/ BE5 SAY+1 ESPECIALLY IF ONE CONSID]S ! EXAMPLES ( ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTIONS ( ,FEBRU>Y & ,OCTOB] #a#i#a#g4 ,HAV+ OV]?R[N ! ,RUSSIAN EMPIRE1 ! TOIL+ MASSES CONSEQU5TLY FELT !MSELVES TO BE HALF-LIB]AT$ POLITICALLY & S\<T TO COMPLETE !IR LIB]ATION4 ,!Y SET AB\T TRANSF]R+ ! L& CONFISCAT$ FROM ! GREAT L&LORDS & ! CL]GY TO ?OSE :O WORK$ IT OR 9DE$ 9T5D$ TO DO SO )\T EXPLOITATION ( ANO!R MAN'S LABOR4 ,9 ! T[NS1 IT WAS ! FACTORIES1 WORK%OPS1 PR9T+-WORKS & O!R SOCIAL 5T]PRISES ?AT W]E TAK5 9 H& BY ?OSE :O WORK$ !RE4 ,EMBROIL$ 9 !SE HEAL?Y & 5?USIA/IC 5DEAVORS1 DESIGN$ TO 9/ITUTE FRAT]NAL RELATIONS BETWE5 T[N & C\NTRY1 ! TOIL]S OMITT$ TO NOTICE ?AT NEW GOV]NM5TS W]E BE+ 9/ALL$ 9 ,KIEV1 ,KH>KOV & ,PETROGRAD4 

,?R\< ITS CLASS ORGANIZATIONS1 ! PEOPLE YE>N$ TO LAY ! F\NDATIONS ( A NEW1 FREE SOCIETY 9T5D$1 AS IT DEVELOPS )\T 9T]F]5CE1 TO ELIM9ATE FROM ! BODY ( SOCIETY ALL ! P>ASITES & ALL ! P[] EX]CIS$ BY SOME OV] O!RS1 !SE BE+ DEEM$ BY ! TOIL]S TO BE /UPID & H>MFUL4 

,?IS APPROA* CLE>LY MADE HEADWAY 9 ! ,UKRA9E1 9 ! ,URALS & 9 ,SIB]IA4 ,9 ,TIFLIS1 ,KIEV1 ,PETROGRAD & ,MOSC[1 9 ! V]Y HE>T ( ! MORIBUND AU?ORITIES1 A SIMIL> T5D5CY SURFAC$4 ,H[EV]1 ALWAYS & EV]Y:]E1 ! /ATE SOCIALI/S & COMMUNI/S HAD1 & /ILL HAVE1 SUPPORT]S APL5TY1 AS WELL AS !IR HIR$ KILL]S4 ,AMONG ! LATT]1 SAD TO SAY1 !RE W]E ALSO MANY WORK]S4 ,ABETT$ BY !SE PAID KILL]S1 ! ,BOL%EVIK-,COMMUNI/S PUT PAID TO ! PEOPLE'S 5DEAVORS & 9 A MANN] SO T]RIBLE ?AT EV5 ! ,M$IEVAL ,9QUISITION MI<T FEEL 5VI\S ( !M6 

,AS = \RSELVES1 KN[+ ! NATURE ( ALL ,/ATE P[]1 WE TOLD ! SOCIALI/ & ,BOL%EVIK LEAD]S3 

,%AME ON Y\6 ,Y\ HAVE WRITT5 & TALK$ SO MU* AB\T ! F]OCITY ( ! B\RGEOISIE T[>DS ! OPPRESS$4 ,Y\ HAVE BE5 SO ZEAL\S 9 Y\R DEF5SE ( ! REVOLUTION>Y PURITY & COMMITM5T ( ! TOIL]S /RUGGL+ = !IR EMANCIPATION & N[1 HAV+ COME 9TO P[]1 Y\ TURN \T TO BE EI!R ! SAME C[>DLY LACKEYS ( ! B\RGEOISIE OR HAVE BECOME B\RGEOIS Y\RSELVES ?R\< REC\RSE TO ITS ME?ODS1 TO ! EXTREME ?AT ! B\RGEOISIE /&S A/\ND$ & POKES FUN AT Y\4 

,MOREOV]1 ?R\< ! EXP]I5CES ( ,BOL%EVISM-,COMMUNISM1 ! B\RGEOISIE HAS BE5 BR\<T TO A REALIZATION1 9 REC5T YE>S1 ?AT ! 0SCI5TIFIC0 *IM]A ( A /ATE SOCIALISM PROV$ UNABLE TO COPE )\T ITS ME?ODS & 9DE$1 ITSELF4 ,IT HAS GRASP$ ! PO9T SO WELL ?AT IT POKES FUN AT ITS PUPILS :O CANNOT EV5 LIVE UP TO ITS EXAMPLE4 ,IT HAS REALIZ$ ?AT 9 ! SOCIALI/ SY/EM1 ! EXPLOITATION & ORGANIZ$ VIOL5CE AGA9/ ! BULK ( ! LABOR+ POPULATION DO NO?+ TO DO AWAY ) ! DEBAU*$ LIFE-/YLE & P>ASITISM ( ! DRONES1 ?AT 9 FACT ! EXPLOITATION SUFF]S ONLY A NAME *ANGE BE=E GR[+ & BE+ R$\BL$4 ,& ?IS IS :AT ! FACTS BE> \T = US4 ,ONE HAS ONLY TO REGI/] ! ,BOL%EVIKS' RAPACI\SNESS & !IR MONOPOLIZATION ( ALL ! REVOLUTION>Y GA9S ( ! PEOPLE1 AS WELL AS !IR POLICE1 C\RTS1 PRISONS & >MIES ( JAIL]S1 ALL ( !M DEPLOY$ AGA9/ ! REVOLUTION4 ,! 0R$0 >MY CONT9UES TO BE RECRUIT$ BY =CE6 ,9 IT ONE F9DS ! SAME RANKS AS BE=E1 ALBEIT N[ GIV5 DIFF]5T LABELS1 BUT EV5 MORE UNACC\NTABLE & OV]BE>+4 

,LIB]ALISM1 SOCIALISM & ,/ATE COMMUNISM >E ?REE BRAN*ES ( ! SAME FAMILY1 RESORT+ TO DIFF]5T APPROA*ES 9 ORD] TO EX]CISE !IR P[] OV] MAN1 ) A VIEW TO PREV5T+ HIM FROM GR[+ FULLY 9 ! DIRECTION ( FRE$OM & 9DEP5D5CE ?R\< ! DEVIS+ ( A NEW1 :OLESOME1 G5U9E PR9CIPLE ROOT$ 9 A SOCIAL IDEAL VALID = ! :OLE HUMAN RACE4 

,REBEL6 ! REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/ EXHORTS ! OPPRESS$4 ,RISE UP & ]ADICATE ALL P[] OV] Y\ & )9 Y\4 ,& HAVE NO TRUCK ) ! E/ABLI%M5T ( ANY NEW P[] OV] O!RS4 ,BE FREE & DEF5D ! FRE$OM ( O!RS AGA9/ ALL TRESPASS6 

,9 HUMAN SOCIETY1 P[] IS P>TICUL>LY EXALT$ BY ?OSE :O HAVE NEV] REALLY LIV$ BY !IR [N LABOR & A :OLESOME EXI/5CE1 OR 9DE$ :O NO LONG] LIVE BY IT OR HAVE NO WI% TO LIVE BY IT4 ,! P[] ( ! ,/ATE WILL NEV] DELIV] JOY1 HAPP9ESS & FULFILLM5T TO ANY SOCIETY4 ,SU* P[] WAS CREAT$ BY DRONES = ! SOLE PURPOSE ( PILLAGE & 9DULG5CE ( !IR (T5 MURD]\S VIOL5CE AGA9/ ?OSE :O DO PRODUCE1 ?R\< !IR TOIL - :E!R ?R\< DET]M9ATION1 9TELLIG5CE OR BRAWN - EV]Y?+ USEFUL & GOOD 9 MAN'S LIFE4 

,:E!R ?AT P[] /YLES ITSELF B\RGEOIS1 SOCIALI/ OR ,BOL%EVIK-,COMMUNI/ OR WORK]-PEASANT P[]1 IT ALL COMES D[N TO ! SAME ?+3 IT IS EV]Y :IT AS DAMAG+ TO A :OLESOME & HAPPY 9DIVIDUAL AS IT IS TO SOCIETY AT L>GE4 ,! NATURE ( ALL ,/ATE P[] IS EV]Y:]E ID5TICAL3 IT T5DS TO ANNIHILATE ! FRE$OM ( ! 9DIVIDUAL1 TURN+ HIM1 SPIRITUALLY1 9TO A SLAVE1 & PHYSICALLY 9TO A LACKEY1 BE=E PUTT+ HIM TO USE = ! FIL?IE/ TASKS4 ,!RE IS NO SU* ?+ AS H>MLESS P[]4 

,OPPRESS$ BRO!R1 BANI% ALL P[] FROM )9 Y\ & DO NOT ALL[ ANY TO BE E/ABLI%$ EI!R OV] Y\ OR OV] Y\R BRO!R1 BE HE NE> OR F>6 

,! REALLY :OLESOME1 JOY\S LIFE ( ! 9DIVIDUAL OR GR\P IS NOT BUILT UP ) ! AID ( P[] & PROGRAMS ?AT SEEK TO 5CLOSE IT )9 >TIFICIAL CON/RUCTS & WRITT5 LAWS4 ,NO1 IT CAN ONLY BE CON/RUCT$ ON A BASIS ( 9DIVIDUAL FRE$OM & ITS 9DEP5D5T CREATIVE 5DEAVOR1 MAK+ HEADWAY ?R\< PHASES ( DE/RUCTION & CON/RUCTION4 

,! FRE$OM ( EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL IS ! F\NDATION ( ! LIB]T>IAN SOCIETY3 ! LATT] ATTA9S :OL5ESS ?R\< DEC5TRALIZATION & ! REALIZATION ( A COMMON OBJECTIVE3 LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM4 

,:5EV] WE ?9K ( ! LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ SOCIETY1 WE SEE IT AS A GR&IOSE SOCIETY1 H>MONI\S 9 ITS HUMAN RELATION%IPS4 ,IT IS *IEFLY DEP5D5T UPON ! FREE 9DIVIDUALS B&$ TOGE!R 9TO AFF9ITY GR\P+S - :E!R PROMPT$ BY 9T]E/1 NE$ OR 9CL9ATION - GU>ANTEE+ AN EQUAL MEASURE ( SOCIAL JU/ICE = ALL & L9K+ UP 9TO F$]ATIONS & CONF$]ATIONS4 

,LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM IS A SOCIETY ?AT IS ROOT$ 9 ! FREE LIFE ( EV]Y MAN1 9 HIS UNT\*ABLE 5TITLEM5T TO 9F9ITE DEVELOPM5T1 ! ELIM9ATION ( ALL 9JU/ICES & ALL ! EVILS ?AT HAVE HOBBL$ SOCIETY'S PROGRESS & P]FECTIBILITY BY SPLITT+ IT 9TO /RATA & CLASSES1 S\RCES ( MAN'S OPPRESSION & VIOL5CE T[>DS HIS FELL[ MAN4 

,! LIB]T>IAN SOCIETY SETS ITSELF ! T>GET ( MAK+ EV]YONE'S LIFE MORE BEAUTIFUL & MORE RADIANT1 ?R\< HIS LABOR1 HIS DET]M9ATION & HIS 9TELLECT4 ,9 FULL ACCORD ) NATURE1 LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM IS1 CONSEQU5TLY1 F\ND$ UPON MAN'S LIFE MADE :OLLY FULFILLM5T1 9DEP5D5T1 CREATIVE & ABSOLUTELY FREE4 ,= ?AT REASON ITS ADEPTS APPE> TO LIVE ! LIVES ( FREE & RADIANT BE+S4 

,LABOR1 UNIV]SALLY FRAT]NAL RELATIONS1 LOVE ( LIFE1 ! PASSION = FREE CREATION ( BEAUTY1 ALL !SE VALUES ANIMATE ! LIFE & ACTIVITY ( ! LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/S4 ,!Y HAVE NO NE$ ( PRISONS1 EXECUTION]S1 SPIES & PROVOCATEURS1 :OM ! /ATI/ SOCIALI/S & COMMUNI/S EMPLOY 9 SU* HUGE NUMB]S4 ,AS A MATT] ( PR9CIPLE1 ! LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/S HAVE NO NE$ = ! HIR$ BRIG&S & KILL]S ( :I* ! PRIME EXAMPLE & SUPREME *IEF IS1 9 ! LA/ ANALYSIS1 ! ,/ATE4 ,OPPRESS$ BRO!R6 ,PREP>E Y\RSELF = ! E/ABLI%M5T ( ?AT SOCIETY1 ?R\< REFLECTION & ORGANIZ$ ACTION4 ,EXCEPT1 JU/ REMEMB] ?AT Y\R ORGANIZATION MU/ BE SOLID & CONSI/5T 9 ITS SOCIAL ACTIVITY4 ,! SWORN 5EMY ( Y\R EMANCIPATION IS ! ,/ATE3 IT IS BE/ EMBODI$ BY ! UNION ( !SE FIVE /]EOTYPES3 ! PROP]TY-[N]1 ! SOLDI]1 ! JUDGE1 ! PRIE/ & ! ONE :O S]VES !M ALL1 ! 9TELLECTUAL4 ,9 MO/ 9/ANCES1 ! LA/-NAM$ ( !SE TAKES IT UPON HIMSELF TO DEMON/RATE ! 0LEGITIMATE0 5TITLEM5T ( HIS F\R MA/]S TO PUNI% ! HUMAN RACE1 REGULATE MAN'S LIFE 9 ITS EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL & SOCIAL ASPECT1 & 9 SO DO+1 DI/ORT+ ! MEAN+ ( ! NATURAL LAW 9 ORD] TO CODIFY 0HI/ORICAL & JURIDICAL0 LAWS1 ! CRIM9AL \TP\R+S ( P5-PU%]S ON A RETA9]4 

,! 5EMY IS V]Y /RONG BECAUSE1 = C5TURIES PA/1 HE HAS MADE HIS LIV+ FROM RAP9E & VIOL5CE3 HE HAS ! ACCUMULAT$ EXP]I5CE ( ?AT1 HE HAS OV]COME 9T]NAL CRISES & N[ HE PUTS ON A NEW FACE1 BE+ ?REAT5$ ) EXT9CTION ?R\< ! EM]G5CE ( A NEW SCI5CE ?AT R\SES MAN FROM HIS AGE-OLD SLUMB]S4 ,?IS NEW SCI5CE FREES MAN FROM HIS PREJUDICES & EQUIPS HIM = SELF-DISCOV]Y & DISCOV]Y ( HIS TRUE PLACE 9 LIFE1 DESPITE ALL ! EF=TS ( ! SORC]]S' APPR5TICES FROM ?AT UNION ( ! 0FIVE0 TO BLOCK HIS PROGRESS D[N ?AT AV5UE4 

,?US1 SU* A *ANGE ( FACE ON ! P>T ( \R 5EMY1 OPPRESS$ BRO!R1 CAN BE NOT$1 SAY1 9 EV]Y?+ ?AT EMANATES FROM ! *AMB]S ( ! ,/ATE'S ]UDITE RE=M]S4 ,WE HAVE WAT*$ A TYPICAL EXAMPLE ( SU* A METAMORPHOSIS 9 ! REVOLUTIONS WE HAVE WITNESS$ AT FIR/-H&4 ,! UNION ( ! 0FIVE10 ! ,/ATE1 \R 5EMY1 SEEM$ AT FIR/ TO HAVE VANI%$ COMPLETELY FROM ! FACE ( ! E>?4 

,9 REALITY1 \R 5EMY M]ELY ALT]$ HIS APPE>ANCE & F\ND HIMSELF NEW ALLIES :O S*EM$ CRIM9ALLY AGA9/ US3 ! EXAMPLE ( ! ,BOL%EVIK-,COMMUNI/S 9 ,RUSSIA1 9 ! ,UKRA9E1 9 ,GEORGIA & AMONG MANY ,C5TRAL ,ASIAN PEOPLES IS V]Y $IFY+ 9 ?IS REG>D4 ,?IS IS A LESSON ?AT WILL NEV] BE =GOTT5 BY ! MAN FI<T+ = HIS EMANCIPATION1 = ! NI<TM>I% CRIM9ALITY WILL BE 5GRAV$ 9 HIM4 

,! SOLE1 ! SURE/ WEAPON AVAILABLE TO ! VICTIM ( OPPRESSION 9 HIS BATTLE AGA9/ ! EVIL ?AT B9DS HIM IS ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 A PR(\ND LEAP =W>D 9 ! DIRECTION ( HUMAN EVOLUTION4 

,AL?\< ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION OCCURS SPONTANE\SLY1 ORGANIZATION SMOO?S ITS PASSAGE1 EASES ! APPE>ANCE ( BREA*ES 9 ! RAMP>TS ]ECT$ AGA9/ IT & SPE$S ITS COM+4 ,! REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/ BEAV]S AWAY 9 ! H]E & N[ ALONG !SE L9ES4 ,EV]Y VICTIM ( OPPRESSION BECOME S5SIBLE ( ! YOKE WEI<+ HIM D[N1 REALIZ+ ?AT ?IS IGNOM9Y IS CRU%+ ! LIFE \T ( ! HUMAN RACE1 %\LD COME TO ! AID ( ! AN>*I/4 ,EV]Y HUMAN BE+ %\LD BE AW>E ( HIS RESPONSIBILITY & SEE IT ?R\< BY CA/+ \T ( SOCIETY ALL ! EXECUTION]S & P>ASITES FROM ! UNION ( 0FIVE10 SO ?AT MANK9D MAY BREA! FREE4 

,EV]Y MAN & ABOVE ALL ! REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/ - AS ! PIONE] 9CIT+ /RUGGLE = ! IDEAL ( FRE$OM1 SOLID>ITY & EQUALITY - \<T TO BE> IT 9 M9D ?AT ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 IF IT IS TO EVOLVE CREATIVELY1 REQUIRES ADEQUATE MEANS1 ESPECIALLY ONGO+ ORGANIZATIONAL RES\RCES1 P>TICUL>LY DUR+ ! PHASE :51 9 A SPONTANE\S \TBUR/1 IT TE>S SLAV]Y UP BY ! ROOTS & PLANTS FRE$OM1 AFFIRM+ EV]Y MAN'S 5TITLEM5T TO FREE & UNB\ND$ DEVELOPM5T4 ,?IS IS ! V]Y TIME :51 COM+ ALIVE TO ! FRE$OM )9 & SURR\ND+ !M1 9DIVIDUALS & MASSES WILL MAKE BOLD TO ACT UPON ! GA9S ( ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 & ?AT REVOLUTION WILL HAVE MO/ NE$ ( SU* ORGANIZATIONAL RES\RCES4 ,= EXAMPLE1 REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/S PLAY$ A P>TICUL>LY \T/&+ ROLE 9 ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION1 BUT1 NOT BE+ POSSESS$ ( ! REQUISITE MEANS ( ACTION1 W]E UNABLE TO SEE !IR HI/ORICAL MISSION ?R\<4 ,MOREOV]1 ?AT REVOLUTION DEMON/RAT$ TO US ! FOLL[+ TRU?3 AFT] HAV+ RID !MSELVES ( ! BONDS ( SLAV]Y1 ! MASSES ( HUMANITY HAVE NO 9T5TION ( CREAT+ NEW ONES4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y3 DUR+ TIMES ( REVOLUTION1 ! MASSES FET* AB\T = NEW =MS ( FREE ASSOCIATIONS CAPABLE NOT ONLY ( RESPOND+ TO !IR LIB]T>IAN 9/9CTS1 BUT ALSO ( DEF5D+ !IR GA9S %\LD ! 5EMY M\NT AN ATTACK4 

,OBS]V+ ?IS PROCESS AT WORK1 WE W]E CON/ANTLY DRAWN TO ! CONCLUSION ?AT ! MO/ FRUITFUL & MO/ VALUABLE ASSOCIATIONS C\LD NOT BE O!R ?AN ! COMMUNE-UNIONS1 ! ONES :OSE SOCIAL RES\RCES >E CONJUR$ UP BY LIFE ITSELF3 ! FREE SOVIETS4 ,BAS+ HIMSELF ON ?AT SAME BELIEF1 ! REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/ HURLS HIMSELF 9TO SELFLESS ACTION & EXHORTS ! OPPRESS$ TO JO9 ! /RUGGLE = FREE ASSOCIATIONS4 ,HE IS CONV9C$ ?AT NOT ONLY MU/ ! ESS5TIAL CREATIVE ORGANIZATIONAL PRECEPTS BE DEMON/RAT$3 !RE IS ALSO ! NE$ TO EQUIP ONESELF ) ! :]E)AL TO DEF5D ! NEW LIFE-/YLE AGA9/ HO/ILE =CES4 ,PRACTICE HAS %[N ?AT ?IS HAS TO BE PURSU$ MO/ FIRMLY & SUPPORT$ BY ! MASSES !MSELVES1 9 P]SON & ON ! SPOT4 

,9 C>RY+ ?R\< ! REVOLUTION1 UND] ! IMPULSION ( ! AN>*ISM ?AT IS 9NATE 9 !M1 ! MASSES ( HUMANITY SE>* = FREE ASSOCIATIONS4 ,FREE ASSEMBLIES ALWAYS COMM& !IR SYMPA?Y4 ,! REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/ MU/ HELP !M TO =MULATE ?IS APPROA* AS BE/ !Y CAN4 ,= 9/ANCE1 ! ECONOMIC PROBLEM ( ! FREE ASSOCIATION ( COMMUNES MU/ F9D FULL EXPRESSION 9 ! CREATION ( PRODUCTION & CONSUM] COOP]ATIVES1 ( :I* ! FREE SOVIETS WILL BE ! SPONSORS4 ,IT IS ?R\< ! GOOD (FICES ( ! FREE SOVIETS :ILE ! REVOLUTION IS RIPPL+ \TW>DS1 ?AT ! MASSES WILL !MSELVES LAY H&S UPON ! 5TIRETY ( ! SOCIAL H]ITAGE3 ! L&1 =E/S1 WORK%OPS1 FACTORIES1 RAILWAYS & SEABORNE TRANSPORTATION1 ETC41 & !N1 B&+ TOGE!R ON ! BASIS ( 9T]E/S1 AFF9ITIES OR A %>$ IDEAL1 !Y WILL REBUILD !IR SOCIAL LIFE ALONG ! MO/ V>I$ L9ES TO SUIT !IR NE$S & WI%ES4 

,IT GOES )\T SAY+ ?AT ?IS WILL BE A VICI\S /RUGGLE2 IT WILL CO/ A HUGE NUMB] ( LIVES1 = IT WILL PIT FREE HUMANK9D AGA9/ ! OLD WORLD = ONE LA/ TIME4 ,!RE WILL BE NO ROOM = HESITATION OR S5TIM5T4 ,IT WILL BE A LIFE OR DEA? /RUGGLE6 ,AT ANY RATE1 ?AT IS H[ ANY MAN :O PLACES ANY /ORE BY HIS RI<TS & ! RI<TS ( HUMANK9D %\LD ?9K ( IT1 UNLESS HE WI%ES TO REMA9 A BEA/ ( BURD51 A SLAVE1 AS HE IS COMPELL$ TO BE AT ! MOM5T4 

,:5 HEAL?Y REASON+ & LOVE ( ONESELF & ( O!RS ALIKE GA9 ! ASC5DANCY 9 LIFE1 MAN WILL BECOME ! AU!NTIC AU?OR ( HIS [N EXI/5CE4 

,ORGANIZE1 OPPRESS$ BRO!R1 SUMMON ALL M5 FROM PL[ & WORK%OP1 FROM S*OOL & UNIV]SITY DESK1 NOT =GETT+ ! S*OL> & ! 9TELLECTUAL G5]ALLY1 SO ?AT HE MAY V5TURE BEYOND HIS *AMB]S & HELP Y\ ALONG Y\R DAUNT+ C\RSE4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT N9E \T ( T5 9TELLECTUALS MAY FAIL TO ANSW] Y\R CALL OR1 IF !Y DO RESPOND1 WILL DO SO ) ! 9T5TION ( PULL+ ! WOOL OV] Y\R EYES1 = REMEMB] ?AT !Y >E ! FAI?FUL S]VANTS ( ! UNION ( ! 0FIVE40 ,EV5 SO1 !RE WILL BE ?AT ONE 9 T5 :O WILL PROVE Y\R FRI5D & WILL HELP Y\ PUNCTURE ! DECEIT ( ! O!R N9E4 ,AS F> AS PHYSICAL VIOL5CE1 ! BRUTE =CE ( ?OSE :O GOV]N & LEGISLATE1 IS CONC]N$1 Y\ WILL SEE IT (F ) VIOL5CE ( Y\R [N4 

,ORGANIZE1 SUMMON ALL Y\R BRE?R5 TO JO9 ! MOVEM5T & 9SI/ ( ALL :O GOV]N ?AT1 ( !IR [N VOLITION1 !Y CEASE !IR CRAV5 PR(ESSION ( REGULAT+ ! LIFE ( MAN4 ,%\LD !Y REFUSE1 RISE UP1 DIS>M !IR POLICE1 MILITIAM5 & ! O!R GU>D-DOGS ( ! UNION ( ! 0FIVE40 ,>RE/ ALL GOV]NORS = AS LONG AS NE$ BE1 TE> UP & BURN !IR LAWS6 ,TE> D[N ! PRISONS1 ONCE Y\ HAVE ANNIHILAT$ ! EXECUTION]S & ]ADICATE ALL ,/ATE P[]6 

,MANY PAID KILL]S & ASSASS9S >E 9 ! >MY1 BUT Y\R FRI5DS1 ! DRAFTEES1 >E !RE ALSO4 ,CALL !M TO Y\R SIDE & !Y WILL COME TO Y\R AID & HELP Y\ NEUTRALIZE ! M]C5>IES4 

,ONCE Y\ HAVE ALL COME TOGE!R 9TO ONE BIG FAMILY1 BRE?R51 WE WILL M>* TOGE!R D[N ! PA? ( 5LI<T5M5T & KN[L$GE1 WE WILL LEAVE ! %AD[S BEH9D & /RIDE T[>DS MANK9D'S COMMON IDEAL3 ! FREE & FRAT]NAL LIFE1 ! SOCIETY :]E9 NO ONE WILL BE A SLAVE ANY LONG]1 NOR HUMILIAT$ BY ANYONE4 

,TO ! BRUTE VIOL5CE ( \R FOES WE WILL MAKE REPLY ?R\< ! COMPACT =CE ( \R 9SURG5T REVOLUTION>Y >MY4 ,TO 9COH]5CE & >BITR>9ESS1 WE WILL MAKE REPLY BY ]ECT+ \R NEW LIFE UPON A F\NDATION ( JU/ICE1 ON A BASIS ( 9DIVIDUAL RESPONSIBILITY1 ! TRUE GU>ANTOR ( FRE$OM & SOCIAL JU/ICE = ALL4 

,ONLY ! BLOOD-?IR/Y CRIM9ALS ( ! UNION ( ! 0FIVE0 WILL REFUSE TO JO9 US ON ! PA? TO 9NOVATION3 !Y WILL TRY TO OPPOSE US SO AS TO CL+ TO !IR PRIVILEGES1 !REBY SIGN+ !IR [N DEA? W>RANT4 

,LONG LIVE ?IS CLE>1 FIRM BELIEF 9 ! /RUGGLE = ! IDEAL ( G5]AL HUMAN H>MONY3 ! AN>*I/ SOCIETY6 

,PROBUZD5IYE ,NO4 #a#h1 ,JAN4 #a#i#c#b1 PP4 #e#g-#f#c & NO #a#i-#b1 ,FEB4-,M>* #a#i#c#b1 PP4 #a#f-#b4 

O ,*APT] #ag 3 ,OP5 ,LETT] TO ! ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/S 

,DE> ,COMRADES ,C>BO & ,PE/ANA1 

,CONVEY TO \R FRI5DS & COMRADES &1 ?R\< !M1 TO ALL ,SPANI% WORK]S MY 5C\RAGEM5T TO !M NOT TO LET !IR RESOLUTION FALT] 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS :I* HAS BE5 LAUN*$1 AS WELL AS TO MAKE HA/E 9 UNIT+ >\ND A PRACTICAL PROGRAM DRAFT$ ALONG LIB]T>IAN L9ES4 ,AT ALL CO/S !RE MU/ BE NO LET UP 9 ! PACE ( ! MASSES' REVOLUTION>Y ACTION4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 WE MU/ RU% TO HELP !M COMPEL 7BY =CE IF !RE IS NO O!R WAY1 NO O!R MEANS7 ! ACT+ REPUBLICAN GOV]NM5T :I* IS H9D]+ & DI/RACT+ ! REVOLUTION ) ITS ABSURD DECREES TO DESI/ FROM SU* H>MFUL 5DEAVORS4 

,! ,SPANI% TOIL]S - WORK]S1 PEASANTS & WORK+ 9TELLIG5TSIA - MU/ UNITE & DISPLAY ! UTMO/ REVOLUTION>Y 5]GY SO AS TO CONJURE 9TO EXI/5CE A SITUATION :]EBY ! B\RGEOISIE MAY BE PRECLUD$ FROM OPPOS+ ! SEIZURE ( L&1 FACTORIES & FULL FRE$OMS3 A SITUATION ?AT W\LD ?US BECOME MORE & MORE WIDESPREAD & IRREV]SIBLE4 

,IT IS CRUCIAL ?AT NO EF=T BE SP>$ TO GET ! ,SPANI% TOIL]S TO GRASP ?IS & UND]/& ?AT TO LET ?IS MAKE- OR-BREAK MOM5T SLIP BY :IL/ REMA9+ 9ACTIVE & MAK+ DO ) ! M]E PASS+ ( SPL5DID RESOLUTIONS :I* COME TO NO?+1 W\LD BE TANTAM\NT TO UNWITT+LY PLAY+ 9TO ! H&S ( ! REVOLUTION'S 5EMIES1 ALL[+ !M TO SEIZE ! 9ITIATIVE & GIV+ !M TIME TO RECOV] & !N TO SNUFF \T ! REVOLUTION ?AT IS UND]WAY4 

,TO ?AT 5D1 !RE IS A NE$ = A UNION ( LIB]T>IAN =CES1 MO/ ESPECIALLY 9 ! %APE ( ! F\NDATION ( A GREAT PEASANT UNION ?AT W\LD F$]ATE ) ! ,C,N,T1 & )9 :I* AN>*I/S W\LD BEAV] AWAY 9DEFATIGABLY4 

,IT IS ALSO VITAL ?AT ! WORK]S GET HELP TO E/ABLI%1 ON ! SPOT1 ORGANS ( ECONOMIC & SOCIAL SELF-DIRECTION - FREE SOVIETS - AS WELL AS >M$ DETA*M5TS = ! DEF5SE ( ! REVOLUTION>Y SOCIAL MEASURES ?AT !Y WILL 9EVITABLY BE IMPOS+ ONCE !Y HAVE COME TO !IR S5SES & BROK5 ALL ! *A9S ( !IR SLAVI% CONDITION4 ,ONLY 9 ?IS WAY & BY SU* BROADLY SOCIAL ACTION ME?ODS WILL ! REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S BE CAPABLE ( /RIK+ :ILE ! IRON IS HOT AGA9/ ! ATTEMPT BY A NEW SY/EM ( EXPLOITATION TO DRIVE ! REVOLUTION (F C\RSE4 ,AS ,I SEE IT1 ! ,F,A,I & ! ,C,N,T MU/ TAKE ?IS PROBLEM S]I\SLY & TO ?AT 5D1 BE ABLE TO CALL UPON ACTION GR\PS 9 EV]Y VILLAGE & T[N3 LIKEWISE1 !Y MU/ NOT BE AFRAID TO ASSUME ! RE9S ( ! /RATEGIC1 ORGANIZATIONAL & !ORETICAL REVOLUTION>Y LEAD]%IP ( ! TOIL]S' MOVEM5T4 ,OBVI\SLY !Y WILL HAVE TO /E] CLE> H]E ( UNITY ) ! POLITICAL P>TIES G5]ALLY & ) ! ,BOL%EVIK-COMMUNI/S 9 P>TICUL>1 = ,I IMAG9E ?AT !IR ,SPANI% C\NT]P>TS WILL BE WOR?Y IMITATORS ( !IR ,RUSSIAN M5TORS4 ,!Y WILL FOLL[ 9 ! FOOT/EPS ( ! ,JESUIT ,L59 OR EV5 ( ,/AL91 NOT HESITAT+ TO ASS]T !IR MONOPOLY OV] ALL ! GA9S ( ! REVOLUTION1 ) AN EYE TO E/ABLI%+ ! P[] ( !IR P>TY 9 ! C\NTRY1 AN AIM ! EFFECTS ( :I* >E FAMILI> FROM ! %AMEFUL EXAMPLE ( ,RUSSIA3 ! SIL5C+ ( ALL FREE REVOLUTION>Y T5D5CIES & ( ALL 9DEP5D5T TOIL]S' ORGANIZATIONS4 ,9DE$ !Y SEE !MSELVES AS HOLD+ P[] ALONE & BE+ 9 A POSITION TO CONTROL ALL FRE$OMS & RI<TS 9 ! REVOLUTION4 ,SO !Y WILL 9EVITABLY BETRAY !IR ALLIES & ! V]Y CAUSE ( ! REVOLUTION4 

,! ,SPANI% REVOLUTION IS ! CAUSE ( WORK]S ! WORLD OV] & 9 ?IS UND]TAK+ !RE IS NO WAY ?AT !RE CAN BE ANY COMMON GR\ND ) ! P>TY ?AT1 9 ! NAME ( ITS DICTATOR%IP OV] ! C\NTRY1 W\LD HAVE NO HESITATION 9 DECEIV+ ! WORK]S & LAY+ H&S ON ALL !IR REVOLUTION>Y GA9S1 9 ORD] TO EM]GE AS ! WOR/ DESPOTS & FOES ( ! FRE$OMS & RI<TS ( ! PEOPLE4 

,! ,RUSSIAN PREC$5T MU/ SP>E Y\ ?AT4 ,MAY ! CALAMITY ( ,BOL%EVIK COMMUNISM NEV] TAKE ROOT 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y SOIL ( ,SPA96 

,LONG LIVE ! UNION ( ! WORK]S1 PEASANTS & WORK+ 9TELLECTUALS ( ! :OLE ( ,SPA96 

,LONG LIVE ! ,SPANI% REVOLUTION AS IT /RIDES T[>DS A NEW WORLD ( 9CREAS+LY LIB]AT+ GA9S1 UND] ! BANN] ( AN>*ISM6 

,) MY FRAT]NAL BE/ WI%ES1 

,NE/OR ,MAKHNO 

#bi ,APRIL #aica 

,PROBUZD5IYE ,NO4 #b#c-#b#g1 ,JUNE-,OCTOB] #a#i#c#b1 PP4 #g#g-#g#h4 

O ,*APT] #ah 3 ,ON ! ,HI/ORY ( ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION ( #aica & ! ,P>T ,PLAY$ BY ! ,LEFT & ,RI<T-,W+ ,SOCIALI/S & ! ,AN>*I/ 

,:5EV] A REVOLUTION BREAKS \T - & REG>DLESS ( ITS *>ACT] - 7! MO/ IMPORTANT PO9T IS ?AT BROAD MASSES ( WORK]S & PEASANTS %\LD HAVE A H& 9 IT7 & ITS GUIDES1 :E!R A COMPACT GR\P OR A SCATT]+ ( 9DIVIDUALS1 5JOY+ A SPECIAL AU?ORITY 9 ! EYES ( ! WORK]S1 PLACE !MSELVES ABOVE !SE MASSES & DO NOT M>* 9 /EP ) !M & DO NOT E>N !IR TRU/1 WAIT+ = SOME?+ \T ( ! ORD9>Y TO HAPP5 OR EV51 WORSE /ILL1 SEEK TO SUBORD9ATE !M BY TRY+ TO PO9T !M ALONG ! 0ONLY0 PA? TO FOLL[1 WELL1 ! REVOLUTION FAILS TO DEVELOP ?OR\<LY 5\< & FAILS TO RESOLVE OR EV5 CORRECTLY =MULATE ! ATT5DANT PROBLEMS 9 NE$ ( RESOLUTION4 ,!N IT CANNOT DEVISE NEW & ADDITIONAL ME?ODS ( SOCIAL ACTION TO ?W>T ITS 5EMIES & MEET ! PRESS+ NE$S3 :]EUPON IT IS 9DUC$ TO ADOPT VAGUE DIRECTIONS & GETS LO/ AMID !IR FATAL ZIGZAGS4 ,AT ?AT PO9T1 IT EI!R P]I%ES UND] ! BL[S ( ?OSE AGA9/ :OM IT IS T>GET$1 OR IT *ANGES TACK1 D\BLES BACK ON ITS /EPS & IS W\ND UP 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! 9T]E/S ( ITS 9T]NAL 5EMIES4 

,(T51 ALL !SE CONSID]ATIONS HAVE BE5 DECISIVE DUR+ ! REVOLUTIONS :I* HAVE OCCURR$ ?US F>1 BO? 9 ,EUROPE & ELSE:]E4 ,! SAME ?+ HAS HAPP5$ 9 ,SPA94 ,TRUE1 ! ,SPANI% REVOLUTION ( #aica /&S AP>T FROM LOTS ( O!RS ON ACC\NT ( ITS V]Y SPECIFIC FEATURES4 ,IT WAS NOT UNLEA%$ BY MEANS ( A REVOLUTION>Y :IRLW9D 9 ! T[NS & C\NTRYSIDE1 BUT RA!R BY ! BALLOT BOX4 ,AS IT PROCE$$1 ?ANKS TO ! ACTIONS ( ITS LEFT-W+ ELEM5TS1 IT BROKE FREE ( ?OSE 9ITIAL MOOR+S & 5T]$ ! VA/ PREC9CTS ( ! LIB]AT+ SOCIAL ACTION ( ! TOIL]S4 ,:IL/ IT NONE!LESS F9I%$ TO ! ADVANTAGE ( AU?ORIT>IAN ELEM5TS1 & PROV$ TRAGIC = ! FATE ( ! WORK]S & MANY REVOLUTION>IES1 AS WELL AS = :AT !SE HAD MANAG$ TO A*IEVE1 ! RESPONSIBILITY = ?AT LIES L>GELY ) ! ,SPANI% LEFT-W+ POLITICAL GR\P+S4 ,?AT UN=TUNATE D5\EM5T CAN BE *ALK$ UP TO ! AU?ORIT>IAN & ! ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN SOCIALI/S1 :I* IS TO SAY TO \R LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ & AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ COMRADES4 

,! RESPONSIBILITY ( ! RI<T-W+ /ATE SOCIALI/S CONSI/S ( !IR HAV+ BE5 TI$ FROM ! \TSET TO ! B\RGEOIS P>TY ( ,ALCALA ,ZAMORA4 ,TRUE1 ! GRASSROOTS MILITANTS ( ! P>TY1 ESPECIALLY ! WORK]S1 DID NOT WANT TO HE> TALK ( ?IS POLICY1 ESPECIALLY AS !Y W]E NOT AW>E ( ! HIDD5 NEGOTIATIONS ( !IR P>TY'S 0BIGWIGS0 ) ! B\RGEOISIE1 NEGOTIATIONS DIRECT$ AT !IR ASSUM+ JO9T P[]1 ALBEIT AT ! PRICE ( SACRIFIC+ ! REVOLUTION4 ,IT WAS ONLY :5 ! SOCIALI/ WORK]S F\ND !MSELVES UND] QUE/ION+ FROM O!R WORK]S AB\T !IR P>TY'S POLICY1 & HAD NO IDEA H[ TO REPLY1 ?AT !IR LEAD]S HYPOCRITICALLY /RUTT$ LIKE PEACOCKS BE=E ! B\RGEOISIE1 /RIK+ A LITTLE FE> 9TO ITS REPRES5TATIVES BY DECL>+ !MSELVES READY TO SEIZE P[] ALONE ) ! AID ( ! WORK]S ONLY4 ,?IS D\BLE DEAL+ BY ! SOCIALI/ LEAD]S REG>D+ ! REVOLUTION1 M\NT$ DESPITE ! PRET5SES BY TAK+ COGNIZANCE ( ! ASPIRATIONS ( ! WORK]S AS REPRES5T$ BY O!R SOCIAL REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATIONS1 NONE!LESS S[$ ! MO/ UTT] CONFUSION 9 ! M9DS & UND]/&+ ( ! WORK]S AS F> AS ! DEVELOP+ REVOLUTION WAS CONC]N$1 & 9 ! LA/ ANALYSIS IT ]OD$ ! BE/ & MO/ COMBATIVE FEATURES ( !IR /RUGGLE1 EV]Y?+ ?AT HAD 5ABL$ !M TO SCORE A COMPLETE & 5?USIA/IC VICTORY OV] ! MON>*I/S & ! K+4 

,! ,SPANI% TOIL]S S5S$ 9/9CTIVELY ?AT ! TIME HAD COME = NEW & FREE =MS ( SOCIAL LIV+4 ,! RI<T-W+ SOCIALI/ 0BIGWIGS0 PRET5D$ \TW>DLY TO CONGRATULATE !MSELVES ON ?IS1 BUT 9 FACT & 9 SECRET !Y WORK$ TO DISAPPO9T !SE ASPIRATIONS1 & 9 SO DO+ !Y DID 5ORM\S H>M TO ! FIR/ /EPS ( ! REVOLUTION4 

,! GUILT ( ! ,BOL%EVIK-COMMUNI/S - !Y :O >E 0FUR!R TO ! LEFT ?AN ! LEFT0 ( ! /ATE SOCIALI/S1 SO TO SPEAK - RESIDES 9 !IR HAV+ DONE NO?+ ON BEHALF ( ! CAUSE ( REAL EMANCIPATION ( ! WORK]S1 BUT 9/EAD ONLY = !IR [N SORDID & PETTY P>TISAN 9T]E/S4 ,!Y SAW ! REVOLUTION AS A MEANS :]EBY !Y MI<T1 AT !IR EASE1 /UFF PROLET>IAN HEADS ) ! MO/ DEMAGOGIC PROMISES & !N1 HAV+ SUCK$ !M 9TO ! AU?ORIT>IAN VORTEX1 USE !M BODILY TO HOI/ !IR FIL?Y P>TY DICTATOR%IP 9TO POSITION OV] ! C\NTRY4 ,:5 !Y REALIZ$ ?AT !IR DEMAGOGIC PLOYS W]E MAK+ NO HEADWAY ) ! TOIL]S1 !Y SUBORN$ OR DECEIV$ A FEW ADV5TURI/ ELEM5TS 9TO ORGANIZ+ VIOL5T DEMON/RATIONS1 :IL/ DRAW+ ! UN>M$ WORK]S 9TO !M4 ,!SE DEMON/RATIONS1 H[EV]1 BR\<T !M NO SUCCESS EI!R4 ,BLOOD FL[$ FREELY DUR+ !SE WORK]S' DEFEATS1 DREAM$ UP BY PEOPLE :O KEPT WELL \T ( ! ACTION4 ,ALL ( :I* M]ELY /R5G!N$ ! COALITION BETWE5 ! RI<T W+ SOCIALI/S & ,ALCALA ,ZAMORA & ! B\RGEOISIE1 BOL/]+ IT NOT JU/ AGA9/ ! LEFT'S 0W\LD-BE DICTATORS10 BUT ALSO AGA9/ ! REVOLUTION G5]ALLY4 
,AS = ! ,BOL%EVIK 0COMMUNI/S10 !Y BELONG TO ! SAME ,M>XI/-,L59I/ S*OOL AS !IR ,RUSSIAN C\NT]P>TS3 !Y >E NO?+ MORE ?AN ,JESUITS & TRAITORS TO ALL :O 

/RUGGLE AGA9/ ,CAPITAL & = ! EMANCIPATION ( ! PROLET>IAT :IL/ REFUS+ TO PASS BETWE5 !IR ,CAUD9E ,=KS4 ,DUR+ ! ,SPANI% REVOLUTION ( #a#i#c#a1 !Y W]E NOT /RONG 5\< - & /ILL >E NOT - TO DISPLAY !IR TREA*]Y OP5LY4 ,EV5 SO1 !Y HAVE SUCCESSFULLY M\NT$ SEV]AL PROVOCATIONS & P$DL$ CALUMNIES1 NOT SO MU* AGA9/ ! B\RGEOISIE AS AGA9/ !IR POLITICAL ADV]S>IES ON ! LEFT4 ,?AT FACT P>TLY ACC\NTS = ! DIFFICULTY ! REVOLUTION HAS EXP]I5C$ 9 RIDD+ ITSELF ( B\RGEOIS ?9K+ & B\RGEOIS LEAD]S1 = IT HAS HAD TO FI<T SIMULTANE\SLY AGA9/ ! DEMORALIZATION P$DL$ BY !SE 0LEFTI/0 TRAITORS4 ,! LATT] OP]ATE ON ! BEHALF ( !IR DICTATOR%IP & NOT = ! SAKE ( REAL SOCIAL FRE$OM1 :I* BL5DS ! SOLID>ITY & EQUALITY ( OP9ION ( ALL :O HAVE MADE ! RADICAL BREAK ) ! ON]\S PA/ ( EXPLOITATION & :O >E /RID+ RI<T N[ T[>DS A NEW WORLD4 

,SPANI% LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/S & AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S HAVE A P>TICUL> RESPONSIBILITY 9 ! %AP+ ( EV5TS1 ABOVE ALL BECAUSE !Y DEP>T$ FROM !IR BASIC PR9CIPLES 9 TAK+ AN ACTIVE P>T 9 ?AT REVOLUTION1 SO AS TO WRE/ ! 9ITIATIVE FROM ! LIB]AL B\RGEOISIE1 NO D\BT1 BUT :IL/ REMA9+1 REG>DLESS1 ON ! LATT]'S P>ASITICAL CLASS T]RA94 ,!Y HAVE1 = ONE ?+1 TAK5 ABSOLUTELY NO NOTICE ( ! REQUIREM5TS ( \R AGE1 & = ANO!R1 !Y HAVE UND]-E/IMAT$ ! SCALE ( ! RES\RCES AVAILABLE TO ! B\RGEOISIE 9 CONTA9+ & ELIM9AT+ ALL :O CREATE TR\BLE = IT4 

,:AT HAS /OPP$ AN>*I/S FROM PUTT+ !IR BELIEFS 9TO PRACTICE1 SO AS TO TURN A B\RGEOIS REPUBLICAN REVOLUTION 9TO A SOCIAL REVOLUTION8 

,9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 ! ABS5CE ( A SPECIFIC & DETAIL$ PROGRAM HAS PREV5T$ !M FROM A*IEV+ UNITY ( ACTION1 ! UNITY ?AT DET]M9ES ! EXPANSION ( ! MOVEM5T DUR+ A P]IOD ( REVOLUTION & ( ITS 9FLU5CE OV] EV]Y?+ >\ND IT4 

,SECONDLY1 \R ,SPANI% COMRADES1 LIKE MANY COMRADES ELSE:]E1 REG>D AN>*ISM AS AN IT9]ANT *UR* ( FRE$OM4 4 4 4 ,?AT ATTITUDE REGUL>LY PREV5TS !M FROM >RIV+ AT ! DESIR$ TIMES & PLACES AT ! WORK+ /RUCTURES ESS5TIAL TO ! ECONOMIC & SOCIAL ORGANIZATION :OSE DUTY IT IS TO WEAVE MULTIPLE CONNECTIONS BETWE5 ! EV]YDAY & GLOBAL /RUGGLE ( ! TOIL]S4 ,?IS HAS ?W>T$ !M1 ON ?IS OCCASION1 FROM ACCOMPLI%+ ! HI/ORICAL TASK ?AT DEVOLVES UPON AN>*ISM 9 TIME ( REVOLUTION4 ,= ALL ! PRE/IGE !Y 5JOY$ 9 ! EYES ( ! WORK]S 9 ! C\NTRY1 ,SPANI% LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/S & AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S HAVE FAIL$ TO TILT 9 ! DIRECTION ( REVOLUTION ! M9DS ( MASSES DI!R+ BETWE5 !IR SYMPA?Y ) REVOLUTION & A PETIT-B\RGEOIS \TLOOK4 ,!Y \<T TO HAVE BE5 CONV]T$ 9TO ACTIVI/S = ! SPREAD & DEF5SE ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,9/EAD ( :I*1 FEEL+ !MSELVES SURR\ND$ BY RELATIVE FRE$OM1 ! AN>*I/S1 LIKE SO MANY PETIT-B\RGEOIS1 HAVE 9DULG$ !MSELVES 9 9T]M9ABLE DISCUSSIONS4 ,BY WORD ( M\? & 9 WRIT+1 !Y HAVE EXP\ND$ ABSOLUTELY FREELY ON ALL MANN] ( TOPICS3 !Y HAVE HELD RALLIES GALORE1 ) F9E PR(ESSIONS ( FAI?1 BUT !Y HAVE OV]LOOK$ ! FACT ?AT ?OSE :O SUPPLANT$ ! K+ SP5T ?AT TIME 5TR5*+ !IR P[] TO ! BE/ ( !IR ABILITY4 

,UN=TUNATELY1 9 ?IS REG>D1 NOT A ?+ WAS DONE AT ! APPROPRIATE TIME1 EV5 ?\< ?AT WAS AS VITAL AS C\LD BE1 GIV5 ?AT ! OCCASION WAS IDEAL & ! CIRCUM/ANCES FAVORABLE4 ,AT ?AT PO9T1 ! ,SPANI% AN>*I/S HAD REAL OPPORTUNITIES - A LOT MORE ?AN ALL ! O!R REVOLUTION>Y GR\P+S 9 ! C\NTRY - TO SETTLE 9 PRACTICE UPON A /RATEGY ?AT W\LD HAVE BR\<T ! REVOLUTION A /EP CLOS]4 ,! ,C,N,T EXP&$ ITS MEMB]%IP AT A DIZZY+ RATE & BECAME1 = ALL :O LABOR1 ! SPOKESMAN & ! =UM ?R\< :I* ! TOIL]S' AGE-OLD HOPES MI<T AT LA/ F9D EXPRESSION4 

,9 ORD] TO PLAY UP ?IS ACTIVE ROLE ( \R MOVEM5T EV5 MORE1 ! B\RGEOISIE & ITS P[] %\LD HAVE BE5 FELL$ & ITS 9FLU5CE UPON ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T ]ADICAT$ UTT]LY4 ,DOES ?IS MEAN ?AT \R ,SPANI% COMRADES A*IEV$ NO?+ ALONG !SE L9ES DUR+ ?AT REVOLUTION>Y YE> ( #a#i#c#a8 ,C]TA9LY NOT4 ,!Y DID ALL 9 !IR P[] TO CONV]T ! POLITICAL REVOLUTION 9TO SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,H]OICALLY1 !Y %\LD]$ ! SACRIFICES ( ?AT1 & EV5 N[ ?AT ! REVOLUTION HAS BE5 SMO!R$1 MANY ( !M >E /ILL 5DUR+ ! RIGORS ( REPRESSION4 ,H[EV]1 ALL SU* SACRIFICES HAVE BE5 9 VA91 TO ! EXT5T ?AT !Y W]E NOT MADE = ! SAKE ( SUITABLE OBJECTIVES4 ,& ALL1 LET ME REPEAT1 BECAUSE AN>*ISM POSSESSES NO H>D & FA/ PROGRAM1 BECAUSE ! AN>*I/ ACTIVITIES ?AT HAVE BE5 C>RI$ \T HAVE BE51 & >E /ILL1 CONDUCT$ AMID ! MO/ UTT] DISP]SION1 RA!R ?AN SPR++ FROM A TACTICAL UNITY DET]M9$ & 5LI<T5$ BY A !ORETICAL UNITY1 BY A S+LE %>$ GOAL4 ,IT IS = !SE SPECIFIC REASONS ?AT ! ,SPANI% AN>*I/S HAVE NOT BE5 ABLE TO BR+ !IR 5DEAVORS TO FRUITION & IT IS ?IS ?AT 9DUC$ ! ONES :OSE CONVICTIONS W]E WEAKE/ TO ISSUE ! CELEBRAT$ 0,MANIFE/O ( ! ,?IRTY0 - QUITE ILL-TIM$ - 9 ! NAME ( ITS AU?ORS' 0HEI<T5$ S5SE ( RESPONSIBILITY40 ,! MO/ DET]M9$ & 9TREPID MILITANTS1 ! ONES ?AT DO NOT M]ELY P$DLE !IR IDEAS BUT ALSO GO TO ! L5G?S ( DY+ = !M1 ?OSE ONES LANGUI% 9 FIL?Y DUNGEONS1 9 ! HOLDS ( VESSELS DEPORT+ !M TO DI/ANT %ORES1 TO HO/ILE L&S4 

,SU*1 9 BROAD \TL9E1 >E ! OMISSIONS1 ]RORS & %ORTCOM+S FATAL = REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVITY ?AT HAVE BE5 P]PETRAT$ BY ,SPANI% LEFTI/ GR\P+S1 AT A DECISIVE MOM5T ?AT COMES BUT R>ELY 9 HI/ORY & :I* HAS BR\<T ! ,SPANI% REVOLUTION TO ITS PRES5T /RAITS4 ,ALL ?OSE GR\PS !RE=E C>RY ! RESPONSIBILITY = ! SITUATION4 

,:AT CONCLUSIONS ! /ATI/ SOCIALI/S1 !Y :O CAN DO NO?+ BETT] ?AN PLAY ! LACKEYS ( ! B\RGEOISIE1 :IL/ SEEK+ TO MAKE LACKEYS ( !IR [N ( O!R REVOLUTION>IES1 WILL DRAW FROM ?IS ,I CANNOT TELL4 ,AS F> AS REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/S >E CONC]N$1 ,I BELIEVE !Y HAVE FOOD = ?\<T H]E1 IF !Y >E TO BE SP>$ 9 ! FUTURE .<:E!R 9 ,SPA9 OR ELSE:]E.> FROM A REPETITION ( !SE SAME MI/AKES3 F9D+ !MSELVES 9 ! REVOLUTION'S ADVANC$ \TPO/S )\T ACCESS TO ! RES\RCES NECESS>Y = DEF5SE ( ! MASSES' REVOLUTION>Y GA9S AGA9/ ! BITT] ONSLAU<TS ( !IR B\RGEOIS & AU?ORIT>IAN SOCIALI/ FOES4 

,OBVI\SLY1 REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/S MU/ NOT HAVE REC\RSE TO ! ME?ODS ( ,BOL%EVIKS AS SOME HAVE OCCASIONALLY BE5 TEMPT$ TO DO1 EV5 TO ! EXT5T ( URG+ ! E/ABLI%M5T ( 0CLOSE CONTACT0 ) ! ,BOL%EVIK /ATE 7AS ! 09NOVATOR0 ,>%9OV HAS LATELY >GU$74 ,REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/S HAVE NO?+ TO LOOK = 9 ,BOL%EVISM3 !Y HAVE A REVOLUTION>Y !ORY ( !IR [N ?AT IS 9DE$ V]Y RI*1 & :I* LAYS D[N TASKS UTT]LY AT ODDS ) ?OSE ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS 9 ! LIFE & /RUGGLE ( ! TOIL+ CLASSES4 ,!Y CANNOT RECONCILE !IR GOALS ) ! GOALS ( ,PAN-,BOL%EVISM1 :I* ?RU/S ITSELF SO SAVAGELY1 BY RUBLE & BAYONET1 9TO ! LIVES ( ! TOIL]S 9 ! ,U,S,S,R1 DELIB]ATELY IGNOR+ !IR RI<TS & TURN+ !M 9TO COMPLIANT SLAVES1 9CAPABLE ( 9DEP5D5T REFLECTION1 OR ?9K+ = !MSELVES AB\T !IR WELF>E & ! WELF>E ( ! O!R TOIL]S 9 ! WORLD4 

,NO MATT] H[ DEVOT$ IT MAY BE TO ! MOVEM5T'S CAUSE1 NO AN>*I/ 9DIVIDUAL OR GR\P CAN C>RY \T ! TASKS DESCRIB$ ALL UNAID$4 ,ALL ATTEMPTS MADE ?US F> TE/IFY TO ?AT4 ,:Y IS UND]/&ABLE3 NO 9DIVIDUAL OR GR\P CAN1 UNAID$1 UNITE \R MOVEM5T1 NATIONALLY OR 9T]NATIONALLY4 ,!SE MAMMO? & CRUCIAL TASKS CAN ONLY BE ACCOMPLI%$ BY AN 9T]NATIONAL LIB]T>IAN ?9K-TANK4 ,?AT IS :AT ,I TOLD ,RUDOLF ,ROCK] & ,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN 9 ,B]L9 NE>LY SEV5 YE>S AGO N[4 ,& ,I REAFFIRM IT ALL ! MORE /AUN*LY N[1 N[ ?AT MANY LIB]T>IANS OP5LY ACKN[L$GE - AFT] A :OLE S]IES ( FRUITLESS ATTEMPTS TO DEVISE SOME?+ PRACTICAL - ?AT !RE IS NO O!R WAY ( >RIV+ AT A PROGRAM %AP$ BY & ATTUN$ TO \R TIMES & \R RES\RCES1 ?AN BY ! CALL+ ( A PREP>ATORY CONF]5CE1 79VOLV+ ?OSE MILITANTS MO/ ACTIVE & COMMITT$ 9 MATT]S !ORETICAL & PRACTICAL ALIKE7 ! TASK ( :I* W\LD BE =MULATE ! !SES ?AT W\LD RESPOND TO ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T'S VITAL ISSUES1 !SES ?RA%$ \T 9 ANTICIPATION ( AN 9T]NATIONAL AN>*I/ CONGRESS4 ,! LATT] 9 TURN W\LD DEVELOP & COMPLEM5T !SE !SES4 ,9 ! WAKE ( ?AT CONGRESS1 !SE !SES W\LD AM\NT TO A DEF9ITE PROGRAM & SOLID REF]5CE PO9T = \R MOVEM5T1 A REF]5CE PO9T ) A VALIDITY 9 EV]Y C\NTRY4 ,:I* W\LD RESCUE \R MOVEM5T FROM RE=MI/ & MUDDLE-HEAD$ DEVIATIONS & 9VE/ IT ) ! NECESS>Y POT5CY TO BECOME ! VANGU>D ( CONTEMPOR>Y REVOLUTIONS4 

,TRUE1 ?IS IS NO EASY UND]TAK+3 H[EV]1 DET]M9ATION & SOLID>ITY FROM ?OSE :O CAN & :O WI% TO C>RY IT (F WILL GREATLY FACILITATE ?IS 5DEAVOR4 ,LET ?IS UND]TAK+ COMM5CE1 = \R MOVEM5T CANNOT BUT GA9 BY IT6 

,LONG LIVE ! FRAT]NAL & %>$ HOPES ( ALL ,AN>*I/ MILITANTS ?AT !Y MAY SEE ! REALIZATION ( ?AT GR& UND]TAK+ - ! 5DEAVOR ( \R MOVEM5T & ( ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION = :I* WE /RUGGLE6 

,FRANCE #aica 

,PROBUZD5IYE ,NO4 #c-#c#a1 ,JANU>Y-,FEBRU>Y #a#i#c#c1 PP4 #a#i-#b#c 

O ,*APT] #ai 3 ,BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ,AFT]WORD1 BY ,ALEX&RE ,SKIRDA 
,A,L,E,X,&,R,E ,S,K,I,R,D,A  

,AMONG ! >TICLES BY ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO LEFT \T ( ?IS AN?OLOGY1 WE MI<T M5TION ! ONE ON ! PEASANTRY & ! ,BOL%EVIKS1#a :]E HE SETS \T ! 79 FACT1 QUITE WELL-KN[N7 SOCIO-ECONOMIC DIFF]5TIALS BETWE5 ! WEAL?Y PEASANTS1 OR KULAKS1 ! MIDDLE PEASANTRY OR S]$NYAKIS1 ! POOR PEASANTS OR B$NYAKIS1 & ! F>M LABOR]S OR BATRAKIS4 ,CATEGORIES ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKO-,/AL9I/ POLICY ( DEVELOP+ RURAL CAPITALISM 9 ! #a#i#bS T5D$ TO R$UCE TO ITS EXTREMITIES ALONE3 TO ! KULAKS & ! BATRAKIS1 TO ! DETRIM5T ( ! OV]:ELM+ MAJORITY ( ! PEASANTRY4 ,WE KN[1 H]E1 ?AT FROM #aibi TO #a#i#c#d1 ?IS POLICY WAS ESCALAT$ 9 SU* A WAY AS TO LEAD TO ! UTT] DISPOSSESSION ( ! PEASANTS ( !IR L&1 & ?IS AT ! PRICE ( ! HOLOCAU/ ( ITS TIMES1 :I* HAS BE5 UND]PLAY$ ?US F>1 = ?IS 0DE-KULAKISATION0 CO/ ! LIVES ( #ae MILLION VICTIMS1 ACCORD+ TO RELIABLE E/IMATES4 ,LET IT BE NOT$ ?AT ?IS WAS ! REAL EPILOGUE TO ! CIVIL W>1 = ?IS G5OCIDE AFFECT$ PRIM>ILY ?OSE REGIONS ( ,RUSSIA1 ! ,UKRA9E & ,DON & ! ,VOLGA1 :I* HAD BE5 ! >EAS !N MO/ REFRACTORY TO ! NEW REGIME4 ,AS = ! RESULTS ( ?IS DEM5T$ W>F>E AGA9/ PEOPLE ON ! L&1 !SE W]E EXTREMELY RETROGRADE3 ! KULAKS1 PREVI\SLY A T9Y M9ORITY1 W]E REPLAC$ BY ! ,KULAK-,/ATE1 :IL/ ! SURVIVORS ( ! SLAU<T]1 RE-*RI/5$ 0KOLKHOZIANS0 - :I* IS TO SAY1 F>M WORK]S - W]E R$UC$ 9 !IR CIRCUM/ANCES TO ! /ATUS ( REAL ,/ATE S]FS4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 ,MAKHNO DID NOT HAVE ACCESS TO ADEQUATE 9=MATION AB\T ?IS CRIM9AL POLICY ON ! P>T ( ,/AL9 & HIS H5*M51 :I* IS :AT MAKES HIS PIECE OBSOLETE4 

,9 HIS ,OP5 ,LETT] TO ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,C,P#b :I* APPE>$ 9 #a#i#b#h1 ,MAKHNO EXPRESS$ HIS \TRAGE AT A MISREPRES5TATION ( HIS DEAL+S ) ,BELA ,KUN1 AT ! TIME ( HIS SECOND TREATY ) ! ,R$ ,>MY 9 ,SEPTEMB] #a#i#b4 ,HE CL>IFI$ ANO!R HI/ORICAL PO9T 9 HIS ,H[ ! ,BOL%EVIKS ,LIE4#c ,HE REE/ABLI%$ ! TRU? AB\T ! AN>*I/ SAILOR ,ANATOLY ,ZHELEZNIAKOV1 :O BROKE UP ! SITT+ ( ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY 9 ,JANU>Y #a#i#a#h4 ,MAKHNO DEF5D$ ?AT ACTION & EXPLA9$ ?AT ,ZHELEZNIAKOV1 A ,BLACK ,SEA SAILOR & DELEGATE TO ,KRON/ADT1 HAD PLAY$ ONE ( ! MO/ ACTIVE ROLES 9 #a#i#a#g4 ,MAKHNO M]ELY EXPRESS$ REGRET ?AT ! FI]Y SAILOR1 :O 5JOY$ GREAT PRE/IGE AMONG HIS COLLEAGUES1 HAD NOT SIMULTANE\SLY SE5 FIT TO DISMISS ,L59 & HIS 0,SOVIET ( ,PEOPLE'S ,COMMISS>S0 :I* 0W\LD HAVE BE5 HI/ORICALLY VITAL & W\LD HAVE HELP$ UNMASK ! /RANGL]S ( ! REVOLUTION 9 GOOD TIME40 ,9 A %ORT PIECE1 ,5GL&'S ,POLICY & ! ,WORLD ,TASKS ( ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,TOIL]S#d1 HE LA%$ ,BRITI% IMP]IALISM & FLOAT$ ! IDEA ?AT !RE WAS NO WAY ( RESI/+ ITS PLANS = ! REVOLUTION & ! ,U,S,S,R1 BY VIRTUE ( ! FACT ?AT1 9SIDE ! ,U,S,S,R1 0!RE IS NEI!R FRE$OM ( SPEE*1 NOR ( ASSEMBLY1 NOR ( ! PRESS1 NOR ( 9DEP5D5T ORGANIZATION = WORK]S40 ,AS A RESULT1 !RE WAS NOT A ?+ WOR? DEF5D+ AS LONG AS !RE WAS ?IS D5IAL ( JU/ICE VIS A VIS !IR 0RI<TS TO BE FREE & RESPONSIBLE40 

,WE MI<T ALSO CITE HIS ,APPEAL ON ,BEHALF ( ! ,AN>*I/ ,BLACK ,CROSS1 :]E HE LABOR$ ! NE$ = AID = LIB]T>IANS >\ND ! WORLD1 & 9 P>TICUL> 9 ! ,U,S,S,R1 P]SECUT$ = !IR BELIEFS4 

,= ACCESS 9 ,FR5* TO ALL ,MAKHNO'S \TPUT1 ONE HAS ONLY TO LOOK TO HIS ,MEMOIRS - NI< ON SIX HUNDR$ PAGES ( !M - :I* IS TO SAY1 SEEK \T SOME PUBLI%] TO PUBLI% !M1 SOME?+ WE HAVE NOT BE5 SUCCESSFUL 9 DO+1 DESPITE NUM]\S FRUITLESS OV]TURES ?US F>4 ,IT MI<T ALSO BE DESIRABLE IF ,>%9OV'S ,HI/ORY ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ ,MOVEM5T WAS REPUBLI%$ 9 A NEW TRANSLATION AS SOON AS POSSIBLE 7! TRANSLATION BY ,VOL9E BE+1 OCCASIONALLY1 FLAW$71 AGA9 NECESSITAT+ ! GOODWILL ( SOME HEAVYWEI<T PUBLI%]4 ,?OSE TWO BOOKS W\LD C]TA9LY NOT BE GO+ OV] OLD GR\ND1 EI!R ) REG>D TO EA* O!R1 OR TO MY MONOGRAPH ON ,MAKHNO1 = ! LATT] WAS ACTUALLY PLANN$ AS A COMPLEM5T>Y PROJECT4 

,?IS /RIKES US AS ! APPROPRIATE PO9T TO REVIEW SOME PUBLICATIONS & NEW 9=MATION :I* HAVE COME TO \T ATT5TION S9CE \R BOOK 7! PRODUCT ( EI<TE5 YE>S ( RESE>* & AU!NTICATION1 :I* IS TO SAY1 NO SPUR ( ! MOM5T AFFAIR1 :I* IS MORE ?AN CAN BE SAID = MO/ PUBLICATIONS 9 ! FIELD7 WAS PUBLI%$4 ,BROADLY SPEAK+1 WE HAVE A P>ADE ( ! S5SATIONAL ASPECTS ( C]TA9 *>GES OR CLAIMS1 9 SU* A WAY AS TO PU% 9TO ! BACKGR\ND ! TRUE SIGNIFICANCE ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ 9SURG5T MOVEM5T4 ,?IS IS ! CASE1 SAY1 ) ! PUBLICATION BY ,PAVEL ,LITV9OV 7GR&SON ( ,/AL9'S ,=EIGN ,AFFAIRS M9I/]7 ( A SAMIZDAT TEXT 7A SELF-PUBLI%$1 CL&E/9E TEXT7 5TITL$ ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO & ! ,JEWI% ,QUE/ION4#e ,! AU?OR /RIVES TO %[ ?AT ,MAKHNO WAS NEV] AN ANTI-,SEMITE3 QUITE ! OPPOSITE1 9 FACT1 HE 0DES]VES TO HAVE HIS MEMORY RESPECT$ & HONOR$ BY ! ,JEWS40 ,?AT W\LD BE AN ATTRACTIVE APPROA*1 W]E IT NOT ?AT HE IS TRY+ DOORS ?AT >E ALREADY GAP+ WIDE OP51 =1 AS WE HAVE 9DICAT$1 EV5 ,BOL%EVIK HI/ORICAL WRIT+S HAVE ALWAYS REBUTT$ ?AT ABSURD ALLEGATION4 ,FUR!RMORE1 ,LITV9OV CONNECTS ?IS ISSUE ) ! REEM]G5CE ( ,JEWI% NATIONALITY & 9DE$ ) ! ATTEMPT TO E/ABLI% A REVOLUTION>Y ,JEWI% 0,ZION0 9 ! ,UKRA9E6 ,:AT IS RA!R POSITIVE ?\< IS ?AT ,LITV9OV SEIZES UPON ! OPPORTUNITY TO REHE>SE ! *IEF *>ACT]I/ICS & A*IEVEM5TS ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T1 ESPECIALLY ITS ACTIVE ROLE 9 ! DEFEAT ( ! ,:ITES4 ,WE MI<T NOTE ?AT ! ESS5TIAL S\RCES HE USES HAVE BE5 PUBLI%$ \TSIDE ,RUSSIA3 SOME >E DRAWN FROM ,RUSSIAN AN>*I/ REVIEWS & WORKS PUBLI%$ 9 ,FRANCE & ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES DUR+ ! #a#i#bS & #a#i#cS3 :I* IS TO SAY ?AT !SE HAVE1 9 SPITE ( EV]Y?+1 A*IEV$ !IR PURPOSE BY HELP+ TO REE/ABLI% ! TRUE FACTS ( ! MATT]4 ,ASIDE FROM ! ODD 9ACCURACY - ,MAKHNO WORK+ 9 ,P>IS AS A C9EMA TE*NICIAN6 - ,LITV9OV'S WORK %\LD BE READ1 ESPECIALLY 9 ,ISRAEL & BY ,JEWI% READ]S1 GIV5 ?AT MANY ( !M >E /ILL BELIEV]S 9 0TALES0 AB\T ,MAKHNO4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 IT HAS NO?+ NEW TO (F] ,WE/]N READ]S ) ACCESS TO MU* MORE EXHAU/IVE TEXTS & WRIT+S ON ! TOPIC3 SO IT IS H>D TO UND]/& ! S5SATIONAL PUBLICITY ?AT C]TA9 ,FR5* & ,ITALIAN AN>*I/S HAVE AF=D$ HIM4#f ,MAYBE ?IS IS BECAUSE1 = A V]Y LONG TIME1 !RE WAS A DE>? ( HI/ORICAL & !ORETICAL /UDIES ( AN>*ISM1 :I* EXPLA9S :Y MANY AN>*I/S HAVE BECOME 0A READY M>KET0 & APPLAUD ! MOM5T ?AT SOME ACADEMIC OR ANYBODY \TSIDE ( ! MOVEM5T & NOT %>+ ITS IDEAS DEIGNS TO %[ SOME 9T]E/ 9 ,AN>*Y6 

,WE HAVE ALSO COME BY A COPY ( ANO!R H&WRITT5 TEXT 9 ,RUSSIAN1 DEAL+ ) ! LIFE ( ,LEON ,ZADOV-,Z9KOVSKY1 COMM&] ( ! UNIT ?AT SMUGGL$ A S]I\SLY W\ND$ ,MAKHNO 9TO ,RUMANIA 9 ,AUGU/ #a#i#b#a4 ,! MANUSCRIPT'S AU?OR1 ONE ,JACOB ,GRID91 PRES5TS HIMSELF AS A =M] MEMB] ( ! ,N,K,V,D 7! ,*EKA WAS AT FIR/ R5AM$ ! ,G,P,U1 !N ,N,K,V,D1 BE=E ADOPT+ ! CURR5T /RAI<T=W>D TITLE ( ,K,G,B7 :O HAS EMIGRAT$ TO ,ISRAEL4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,GRID91 ,ZADOV - :O HAD BE5 9 *>GE ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ 9TELLIG5CE S]VICE = A :ILE - ALLEG$LY CONTACT$ ! ,G,P,U DUR+ HIS EXILE 9 ,RUMANIA & R5D]$ !M /ALW>T S]VICES4 ,9 P>TICUL> HE IS SUPPOS$ TO HAVE LUR$ A CAPTA9 FROM ,FR5* ,C\NT]-ESPIONAGE 9TO AN AMBU% 9 ! ,UKRA9E & MURD]$ HIM 9 HIS SLEEP1 ALL TO DEMON/RATE HIS BONA FIDES TO ! ,G,P,U & SECURE HIS [N REHABILITATION1 AS WELL AS ?AT ( HIS BRO!R4 ,?IS LITTLE SPY /ORY EV5 9CLUDES A PRETTY Y\NG EXPLOIT$ WID[ :OM ,ZADOV SUPPOS$LY SET HIMSELF ! TASK ( CONSOL+6 ,! $GE TO ! :OLE ?+ IS ?AT IT IS ALLEG$ H]E ?AT ,ZADOV IS ALLEG$ TO HAVE BE5 ISSU$ ) ORD]S FROM HIS SUP]IORS 9 ,MOSC[ TO 0LIQUIDATE0 ,MAKHNO1 :O IS SUPPOS$ TO HAVE BE5 /AY+ 9 #aibb 9 ONE ( ! BE/ HOTELS 9 ,W>SAW 79 REALITY1 HE WAS 5JOY+ ! 0DELI<TS0 ( A LONG & UNCOM=TABLE /AY 9 ! POLITICAL PRISON 9 ! CITY674 ,ZADOV IS SUPPOS$ TO HAVE ACCOMPLI%$ HIS MISSION SUCCESSFULLY & TO HAVE LIV$ 9 COM=T UNTIL ! 0NA/Y0 ,/AL9I/ PURGES ( #a#i#c#h1 :5 HE FELL 9TO ! TRAP4 

,AS WE HAVE NO KN[L$GE AB\T ! REAL FATE ( ,ZADOV1 !RE IS EV]Y SCOPE = EMBROID]Y UPON HIS FATE3 H[EV]1 !RE IS RA!R TOO MU* UNLIKEL9ESS H]E & WE %\LD REMEMB]1 FIR/1 ?AT 9 ,BOL%EVIK /UDIES ,ZADOV & HIS BRO!R >E PORTRAY$ AS ! EXECUTORS ( ,MAKHNO'S 0DIRTY WORK10 & ABOVE ALL AS IMPLACABLE KILL]S ( ,BOL%EVIKS3 SECOND1 ?AT !Y HAD BE5 CONV9C$ AN>*I/ MILITANTS S9CE #a#i#e1 SOME?+ ?AT HAD E>N$ !M SEV]AL YE>S 9 CZ>I/ PRISONS1 & ?IRD1 ?AT !Y HAD REPEAT$LY PROV$ !IR COMMITM5T TO ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T'S CAUSE4 

,ALL ( ?IS MAKES US V]Y SKEPTICAL AB\T SU* ABSURDITIES AB\T !M1 UNLESS !RE IS SOME CONFUSION ) QUITE DIFF]5T 9DIVIDUALS4 ,MOREOV]1 FUR!R REVELATIONS ALONG SIMIL> L9ES >E TO BE EXPECT$ ( ,SOVIET ,JEWI% EMIGRES1 = A FAIR NUMB] ( !M >E EI!R1 AS IS ! CASE ) ,GRID91 EX-MEMB]S ( ! ,G,P,U1 OR PRIVILEG$ MEMB]S ( ! ,/ATE APP>ATUS & O!R SECTORS ( ! REGIME1 OR 9DE$ ! *ILDR5 OR P>5TS ( SU*4 ,OBVI\SLY !RE CAN BE NO QUE/ION ( PLAC+ ! SLI<TE/ CR$5CE 9 MIS9=MATION EX]CISES ( ?IS SORT1 UNLESS WE CAN BE V]Y SURE ?AT !RE IS ! DOCUM5T>Y EVID5CE OR TANGIBLE PRO( TO BACK UP !IR RAMBL+S4#g 

,9 \R BOOK1 WE MADE REF]5CE TO ! EXI/5CE ( A H&WRITT5 SET ( MEMOIRS ON ,MAKHNO BY ,IDA ,METT1 A MEMB] ( ! ,DYELO ,TRUDA GR\P FROM #aibe TO #a#i#b#h4 ,ONE SMALL PRESS HAS HAD ! SPL5DID IDEA ( TURN+ !SE \T AS A #b#h-PAGE PAMPHLET 7\T ( ! ORIG9AL SIX & A QU>T] PAGES671 ) ! ADDITION ( A FEW P]SONAL REM>KS ON ! 0RADICALITY ( ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO1 :]E9 HE %[S HIMSELF TO BE RESOLUTELY MOD]N1 !REBY \T/RIPP+ PRACTICALLY & HI/ORICALLY ! AN>*I/ IDEOLOGY4 ,= ,MAKHNO1 ! REVOLUTION CANNOT 9 ANY WAY BE ! AU!NTICATION ( ANY IDEOLOGY - EV5 BE IT AN>*I/ - BUT SPELLS ! DOOM ( ALL IDEOLOGIES40#h ,= SOME YE>S N[1 IT HAS BE5 FA%IONABLE TO B&Y ! WORD 'IDEOLOGY' AB\T 9DISCRIM9ATELY 9 EV]Y DIRECTION1 BUT IF ONE TAKES ! WORD TO MEAN A COH]5T VIEW ( LIFE & SOCIETY1 IT W\LD BE A GOOD IDEA TO COMP>E !SE GLIB1 EMPTY ASS]TIONS ) ! VIEWS SPELL$ \T PL5TIFULLY 9 ! WRIT+S ( ,MAKHNO AS SET \T 9 ! =EGO+ AN?OLOGY4 ,AS = ,IDA ,METT'S TEXT1 WE HAVE ALREADY \TL9$ ITS LIMITATIONS4 ,SOME ( ITS REM>KS >E CR+E-MAK+3 ,MAKHNO WAS 0JEAL\S ( ! ,JEWS10 BUT 0HAD IT 9 HIM TO BE A ,JEW'S FRI5D )\T ANY EF=T ( WILL0787 & WAS ALSO 0JEAL\S ( 9TELLECTUALS0 &1 MORE TO ! PO9T1 0JEAL\S0 ( ! C>E]S ( ! ,R$ G5]ALS ,BUDY5NY & ,VORO%ILOV1 SO MU* SO ?AT 0HIS HEAD WAS WILLY NILLY1 FILL$ NOTIONS ?AT HE TOO C\LD HAVE MADE A ,R$ ,>MY G5]AL4 ,YET HE HIMSELF NEV] SAID AS MU* TO ME40767 ,SU* A 0TELEPA?IC0 ANALYSIS DOES MU* TO UND]M9E ! IMPACT ( SU* AN EVALUATION & MAY EV5 COME )9 A HAIR'S BREAD? ( COMMON CALUMNY & TITTLE-TATTLE3 IT W\LD BE BETT] LEFT UNSAID4 ,IDA ,METT1 :OM WE \RSELVES KNEW1 DES]VES TO BE REMEMB]$ BY O!R1 MORE P]T95T WRIT+S4 

,WE COME N[ TO ONE ( ! MO/ 9TRIGU+ BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOVELTIES4 ,9 \R BIOGRAPHY ( ,MAKHNO1 WE M5TION$ ! EXI/5CE ( HI!RTO UNPUBLI%$ MANUSCRIPTS BY ,VOL9E TO :I* WE HAD BE5 UNABLE TO GA9 ACCESS4 ,!SE HAD BE5 9 ! POSSESSION ( ,ROSA ,DUB9SKY1 WID[ ( ! FIR/ PUBLI%] ( ,VOL9E'S PO/HUM\S ,! ,UNKN[N ,REVOLUTION & !N SEIZ$ MANU MILIT>Y BY ,VOL9E'S ELDE/ SON1 ,IGOR ,EI*5BAUM1 :O AT ! TIME HELD POLITICAL VIEWS F> REMOV$ FROM HIS FA!R'S4 ,ON ! BASIS ( :AT ,ROSA ,DUB9SKY HAS TOLD US1 ! HI/ORIAN ,DANIEL ,GU]9 SEEMS TO HAVE PLAY$ A QUE/IONABLE ROLE AT ?AT TIME4 ,HE HAS S9CE S5T US A D5IAL :]E9 HE CLAIMS ?AT 0?IS MATT] PROCE$$ UNBEKN[N/ TO HIM40#i ,H]EBY NOT$4 

,WE ALSO LE>N$ LAT] ?AT !RE W]E SEV]AL COPIES ( !SE MANUSCRIPTS 9 CIRCULATION3 ONE ) ,DANIEL ,GU]91 !N ! SECRET>IAT = ,HI/ORY ( ! ,FR5* ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION1 &1 F9ALLY1 A COPY WAS PLAC$ BY ,LEO ,EI*5BAUM1 ,VOL9E'S SECOND SON1 ) ! ',S\ND & ,PICTURE ,>*IVE' SET UP BY ,ROL& ,=N>I4#a ,?ANKS TO ! K9DNESS ( ! LATT]1 WE W]E ABLE TO CONSULT !SE FAM\S UNPUBLI%$ NOTES BY ,VOL9E4 ,:AT DO !Y CONTA98 ,WELL1 TO \R GREAT AMAZEM5T1 !RE IS1 = A />T1 & ABOVE ALL1 ! CONCLUSION TO ,! ,UNKN[N ,REVOLUTION1 :I* ALL F\R ( ! SUCCESSIVE $ITIONS ( ! BOOK DELIB]ATELY DISC>D$6 ,! TEXT IS QUITE SUB/ANTIAL - A HUNDR$ & T5 PAGES - & ONLY ?AT P>T DEAL+ ) ! ,VOL9E-,TROTSKY MEET+ 9 ,NEW ,YORK1 A LITTLE BE=E !Y RETURN$ TO ,RUSSIA 9 #a#i#a#g1 WAS US$ BY ,DANIEL ,GU]9 9 ! LATE/ $ITION ( HIS AN?OLOGY ,NI ,DIEU1 NI ,MAITRE4 ,GIV5 ?AT HE ALSO SAW TO ! PUBLICATION ( ! MO/ REC5T $ITIONS ( ,! ,UNKN[N ,REVOLUTION1 WE ASK$ HIM :Y !SE HAD BE5 DEPRIV$ ( ! 0CONCLUSION0 :I* WAS A NATURAL P>T ( ! BOOK4 ,HIS ANSW] TO US WAS ?AT ! DECISION HAD BE5 MADE JO9TLY ) ,IGOR ,EI*5BAUM1 BECAUSE IT /RUCK !M ?AT ! CONCLUSION'S CONT5TS 0WEAK5$0 ! REMA9D] ( ! BOOK4 ,HAV+ READ IT 9 \R TURN1 WE >E NOT ( ?AT M9D1 = IT SEEMS TO US TO FIT P]FECTLY ) ! PSY*O-MORAL ANALYZES ( ,VOL9E &1 :]EAS HE IS MI/AK5 9 DEPICT+ WORLD EV5TS 0FROM #aiad UP TO ,SEPTEMB] #a#i#d#g0 AS ! 0DE/RUCTIVE P]IOD ( ! WORLD REVOLUTION10 ! CON/RUCTIVE PHASE BE+ DUE TO 0PASS A LOT QUICK]10 MI/AKES >E /ILL POSSIBLE1 BUT !RE CANNOT1 AS WE SEE IT1 BE ANY CASE = C5SOR+ A PO/HUM\S WORK ( ITS 0CONCLUSION10 :I* \<T TO MAKE S5SE ( ! :OLE ?+4 ,IT IS \R HOPE ?AT 9 SOME =?COM+ $ITION ( ! BOOK1 ?IS LACUNA MAY BE WELL & TRULY FILL$4 
,?OSE UNPUBLI%$ PAP]S ALSO 9CLUDE ,VOL9E'S CORRESPOND5CE FROM ! P]IOD T[>DS ! 5D ( HIS LIFE1 :]E HE T\*ES UPON ! MATT] ?AT CONC]NS US H]E4 ,9 A LETT] TO ONE ,H5RI1 DAT$ #d4#a#a4#a#i#d#d 9 ,M>SEILLES1 HE R\ND$ UPON SOMEONE CALL$ ,FREMONT :O WAS ALLEG$ TO HAVE 0P$DL$ RUMORS AB\T HIS RELATIONS ) ,MAKHNO40 ,FREMONT HAD HAD IT FROM 0,MAKHNO'S [N LIPS ?AT1 FROM A C]TA9 PO9T ONW>DS1 HE & ,I HAD NOT BE5 ON AS FRI5DLY T]MS AS PREVI\SLY4 ,IT MAY EV5 BE ! CASE ?AT ,MAKHNO TURN$ HIM AGA9/ ME SOME:AT10 & ,FREMONT HAD SUPPOS$LY MADE ! 0SILLY *>GE0 AGA9/ HIM ?AT HE HAD 0/OL5 SOME DOCUM5TS FROM ,MAKHNO40 ,AS 0=MAL & PALPABLE PRO( ( ! NONS5SICALITY ( ?AT CRUDE CONCOCTION0 ,VOL9E CIT$ ?REE >GUM5TS 9 HIS DEF5SE4 

#a4  ,HE CLAIM$ TO HAVE 0SACRIFIC$ TWO FULL YE>S ( HIS ACTIVITIES1 9 #a#i#b#a-#a#i#b#c1 TO BR++ \T ,>%9OV'S ,HI/ORY ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ ,MOVEM5T10 & HE ADD$1 0,& ,I DO MEAN 'SACRIFIC$1' = ,I C\LD HAVE DEVOT$ MY FREE TIME TO MY [N LIT]>Y \TPUT AS ,I WAS PRESS$ TO DO & AS ,I WAS 9T]E/$ 9 DO+40 

#b4  ,HE HAD TAK5 A BACK SEAT 9 DEF]5CE TO ,>%9OV = HE HIMSELF HAD SP5T ONLY SIX MON?S ) ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T1 :]EAS ,>%9OV HAD BE5 ) IT RI<T TO ! 5D & WAS ?US BETT] 0QUALIFI$ TO WRITE A HI/ORY ( IT40 ,LAT] HE SIMPLY MADE USE ( ?AT HI/ORY & MADE DO ) ADD+ A FEW P]SONAL ANECDOTES 9 ?AT P>T ( HIS ,! ,UNKN[N ,REVOLUTION DEAL+ ) ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T4 ,?AT AM\NTS ONLY TO A BANAL /ATEM5T ( ! FACTS AS F> AS ANY AL]T READ] IS CONC]N$1 BUT IT IS GOOD TO F9D ,VOL9E HIMSELF MAK+ ! PO9T4 

#c4  ,HE REF]S TO HIS WORK AS 'LIT]>Y $ITOR' ( ,VOLUMES ,I,I & ,I,I,I ( ,MAKHNO'S MEMOIRS :I* APPE>$ 9 ,RUSSIAN 9 #aicf & #a#i#c#g4 ,FOLL[$ BY ! TRANSLATIONS 9TO ,FR5* ( HIS =EWORDS TO BO? VOLUMES1 AS WELL AS P>T ( HIS 9TRODUCTION TO ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T1 LIFT$ FROM ,! ,UNKN[N ,REVOLUTION4 

,VOL9E CLOS$ A SECOND LETT] TO ,H5RI ON #a#a4#a#a4#a#i#d#d ) ! WI% ?AT HIS CL>IFICATIONS 0WILL SATISFY COMRADES' CURIOSITY0 & 0PROVE 7TO !M7 ?AT ! LIES AB\T MY CONDUCT >E SIMPLY ! RESULT ( A CRUDE & /UPID CALUMNY CAPITALIZ+ UPON ! IGNORANCE ( MANY COMRADES REG>D+ ! TRU? ( ! MATT]40 ,)\T KN[+ MORE AB\T ! PRECISE CONT5T ( ?IS 0CALUMNY0 WE CAN ONLY NOTE ,VOL9E'S >GUM5TS & LEAVE ! 9DIVIDUAL READ] TO MAKE ( !M :AT HE WILL4 

,LET US MAKE SPECIAL NOTE ( ,VOL9E'S EXPLANATION ( ! FATE ( ,MAKHNO'S MANUSCRIPTS3 ,GAL9A ,KUZM5KO1 ,MAKHNO'S WIFE1 WAS =C$ TO BURN H] HUSB&'S TRUNK DUR+ ! ,G]MAN OCCUPATION & BR\<T ! FACT TO ,VOL9E'S ATT5TION BE=E LEAV+ = ,G]MANY 9 #a#i#d#b4 ,WE MI<T NOTE H] ?\<TLESSNESS 9 DO+ SO2 %E W\LD HAVE BE5 BETT] ADVIS$ TO 5TRU/ !M TO TRU/WOR?Y FRI5DS OR TO SOME LIBR>Y4 

,9 O!R LETT]S TO ,M>IE ,L\ISE 7,B]N]I87 ,VOL9E \TL9ES ! COMPLETE /ORY ( HIS WRIT+S ON ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION1 9 FACT ( ! GE/ATION ( ,! ,UNKN[N ,REVOLUTION4 ,HE ALSO PROMISES !RE A =?COM+ WORK ON ,MAKHNO1 BUT ADMITS F9D+ PROBLEMS 0GETT+ TO GRIPS ) IT40 ,HE WAS DEP5D+ UPON MAK+ USE ( ! NOTES ?AT HE HAD US$ = LECTURES ON ,MAKHNO 9 #a#i#c#e-#c#f4 ,HIS ,T,B D5I$ HIM ! TIME TO DO SO & HE SUCCUMB$ TO IT %ORTLY AFT]W>DS1 LEAV+ ! PROJECT AT ! NOTES & DRAFTS /AGE1 ALL ( IT NONE!LESS AM\NT+ TO SOME #bcf PAGES1 P>TLY TYP$4 ,LET US HAVE A LOOK AT ! CONT5TS4 

,! TEXT IS 5TITL$ 0,MAKHNO1 A ,CONTRIBUTION TO ,/UDIES ( ! ,5IGMA ( ! ,P]SONALITY40 ,DRAFT$ 9 #a#i#d#e1 IT DEALS 9 BROAD T]MS ) ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION & FURNI%ES AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL DETAILS AB\T ,VOL9E HIMSELF4 ,ITS PRIM>Y 9T]E/ = \R PURPOSES IS ITS DISCLOSURE ( ,VOL9E'S 9PUT 9TO ,>%9OV'S ,HI/ORY ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ ,MOVEM5T4 ,IT WAS ON ,VOL9E'S 9SI/5CE ?AT ,>%9OV M5TION$ ! MOVEM5T'S FLAWS & ?OSE ( ,MAKHNO HIMSELF1 AFT] HE HAD TOLD HIM ?AT 0SET ALONGSIDE ! TREM5D\S POSITIVE ASPECTS TO ! MOVEM5T1 :AT FEW %ORTCOM+S !RE MAY HAVE BE5 >E REALLY ( NO CONSEQU5CE0 7PAGES #c#a1 #de & #a#b#f74 ,ACCORD+ TO ,VOL9E ?IS 'OV]LOOK+' ( ! MOVEM5T'S WEAKNESSES IS V]Y MU* TO BE REGRETT$ BECAUSE !SE 09 HIS E/IMATION1 \TWEI< ! POSITIVE SIDES ( IT40 ,?AT CRITIQUE SETS ! TONE = HIS :OLE APPROA*3 HE SWIT*ES BACK & =? BETWE5 EULOGY & ! MO/ AC]BIC CRITICISM1 = 9/ANCE1 9 A ?UMBNAIL SKET* ( ,MAKHNO3 0,HE WAS AN EXTREMELY COMPLEX P]SONALITY1 'MUDDL$' MI<T BE ! RI<T WORD3 A SORT ( =MIDABLE 'RAW' G5IUS1 REPLETE ) FLAWS1 BOORI%NESS & SOPHI/ICATION ON A P> ) HIS M>KS ( G5IUS4 4 4 40 0,BEYOND QUE/ION1 HE IS TO BE NUMB]$ 9 ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION AMONG ?AT TYPE ( P]SONALITY ?AT ONE NEV] MANAGES TO UND]/& COMPLETELY1 P]SONALITIES ?AT REMA9 9 ,HI/ORY =EV] A LITTLE 'ELUSIVE'4 4 4 ,5ORM\S POSITIVE ASPECTS COEXI/+ ALONGSIDE PR(\ND NEGATIVE TRAITS4 4 4 40 7PAGE #c#h74 

,9 AN UNF9I%$ *APT] 5TITL$ 0! NUB ( ! MATT]10 ,VOL9E UPBRAIDS ! EXI/5CE AMONG ! 0,UKRA9IAN PEASANTRY1 AS 9DE$ AMONG PEASANTS 7& 9 FACT MANUAL WORK]S G5]ALLY7 ALL OV] ! WORLD1 ( A HYBRID FEEL+ ( DIFFID5CE1 CONTEMPT & SULL5 HO/ILITY ?AT CAN SOMETIMES BOIL OV] 9TO ACUTE FITS ( HATR$1 VIS A-VIS 9TELLECTUALS1 'NON-MANUAL' WORK]S & 'NON-PEASANTS4' ,HE !N D5\NCES ! 0V]Y WIDESPREAD & H>MFUL PREJUDICE AMONG REVOLUTION>Y MILITANTS30 0CONCEAL+ FROM ! 'PUBLIC' & FROM ORD9>Y P>TY MILITANTS = AS LONG AS !Y CAN MANAGE IT1 ! WEAK SIDES1 '%AD[S1' %ORTCOM+S & DEFICI5CIES ( ! MOVEM5T40 ,= HIS P>T1 HE HAD1 ) 0DESP]ATE /UDI\SNESS & 9 DRIBS & DRABS0 CATALOG$ ! 0D>K SIDES0 ( ,MAKHNO'S P]SONALITY3 9 #a#i#c#h1 HE 0WAS ALREADY 9 POSSESSION ( A FAIR BIT ( 9=MATION10 BUT1 0BY ! TIME HE HAD REA*$ ! 5D ( HIS WORK 7LATE #a#i#d#a71 KNEW A LOT MORE4 4 4 40 ,WE MI<T WOND] AT !SE BELAT$ REVELATIONS =1 AS HE HIMSELF ADMITS1 AL?\< HE HAD SP5T SIX MON?S ON ,MAKHNO'S COMPANY 9 #a#i#a#i-#a#i#b1 HE HAD NOT 0KN[N A ?+ AB\T ! P]SONAL1 9TIMATE LIFE ?AT W\LD HAVE AF=D$ HIM AN 9SI<T 9TO ! V]Y DEP?S ( ! P]SONALITY 7( ,MAKHNO740 ,FUR!RMORE1 ,MAKHNO 0HAD NEV] MADE ! SLI<TE/ GE/URE TO /RIKE UP A MORE P]SONAL FRI5D%IP ) HIM40 ,?US1 9 ORD] TO UNLOCK HIS TRUE P]SONALITY1 HE W\LD USE AS HIS *IEF S\RCE ! CONFID5CES ( ,GAL9A ,KUZM5KO1 ,MAKHNO'S WIFE1 :O WAS CONTRADICT$1 IT SEEMS1 BY C]TA9 0,MAKHNOVI/ COMM&]S0 :O HAD FL$ TO ,FRANCE 7UN=TUNATELY1 ,MAKHNO NEV] NAM$ !SE7 :ILE ALLEG$LY LOOK+ UPON H] AS A 0MISMAT*0 ) ,MAKHNO4 

,VOL9E \TL9ES A V]Y EULOGI/IC SKET* ( ,MAKHNO'S GOOD QUALITIES3 0,I %\LD SAY A SPE$Y & ?OR\< GRIP ( ! TRU?1 :I* HE MANAG$ TO DIV9E FROM LIFE OV]ALL4 4 4 4 0,A PRECISE1 ACUTE & NEV]-WEAK5+ ATT5TION TO EV]Y?+ ?AT HE REG>D$ AS SIGNIFICANT 9 LIFE1 :E!R HIS [N OR LIFE 9 G5]AL 4 4 4 POSSESSION ( AN EXTREMELY SOLID & LUM9\S OV]->*+ IDEA1 IS ALSO A M>K ( G5IUS40 0,A B\NDLESS AUDACITY & TEM]ITY ) REG>D NOT JU/ TO FI<T+ BUT TO LIFE AS A :OLE4 4 4 4 ,HE /ROVE TO MAKE LIFE :AT HE WANT$ IT TO BE40 0,A SPECIFIC TAL5T = FI<T+1 BY :I* ,I DO NOT MEAN A MILIT>Y TAL5T 4 4 4 HE NEV] LO/ HIS SANG-FROID1 HIS D>+ & HE CONDUCT$ HIMSELF ) SU* SIMPLICITY & PRECISION & SIMULTANE\SLY ) CLE>1 COOL TACTICS UNTIL SU* TIME AS HIS OBJECT WAS A*IEV$40 ,H[EV]1 AS A 0LOP-SID$ MAN ( G5IUS1 :OSE N]V\SNESS ALSO WAS 9 EXCESS ( ! NORM10 ! MORE ,MAKHNO 0LE>N$ ( ! M>KS ( G5IUS1 ! MORE HE KNEW ( ITS HI< PO9TS & ( ITS L[S0 7PAGES #e#h-#f#c 74 

,AFT] !SE ROSES1 ! ?ORNS4 ,VOL9E NOTES ?AT ,MAKHNO & HE W]E TEMP]AM5TALLY 9COMPATIBLE1 SO MU* SO ?AT1 :5 ,MAKHNO HAD HIM RELEAS$ FROM ! ,*EKA PRISON 9 ,OCTOB] #a#i#b1 HE HESITAT$ BE=E JO9+ HIM 9 ! ,UKRA9E4 ,FUR!RMORE1 ACCORD+ TO HIM1 ,MAKHNO HAD AN ANNOY+ HABIT ( FL\RI%+ HIS REVOLV] AT ! SLI<TE/ PRETEXT1 EV5 TO ! EXT5T ( ?REAT5+ HIS FUTURE COMRADE ) IT1 P]HAPS TO 0TE/ HIS METTLE0787 AS WELL AS MEMB]S ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T'S SOVIET1 & ABOVE ALL1 ( GUNN+ D[N :]E !Y /OOD C]TA9 DES]T]S FROM ! FRONT OR 9SURG5TS GUILTY ( \TRAGES4 ,HE SUPPOS$LY KILL$ PEOPLE 0)\T HAV+ DELV$ 9TO !IR CASE & )\T KN[+ IF !Y W]E 9NOC5T OR GUILTY0 7PAGES #a#c#h74 ,IF !RE IS ANY SUB/ANCE TO ?IS1 ?AT REPROA* /RIKES US AS ! MO/ SIGNIFICANT ( ,VOL9E'S CRITICISMS =1 AS F> AS ! RE/ GOES1 WE SEEM TO BE DEAL+ ) SOME?+ ( AN OBSESSION ON HIS P>T1 D]IV+ PROBABLY FROM ! RUN-9S !Y HAD HAD AS EMIGRES1 BO? P]SONALLY 7,MAKHNO HAD ACCUS$ ,VOL9E ( DI%ONE/Y7 & !ORETICALLY 7,VOL9E SUPPORT$ ! ,AN>*I/ ,SYN!SIS :IL/ ,MAKHNO WAS AN 5?USIA/ ( ! ,PLAT=M74 

,WE MI<T ALSO NOTE A FEW SURPRIS+ 9ACCURACIES 9 ,VOL9E'S 9=MATION2 HE HAS ,MAKHNO DY+ A YE> E>LI] ?AN 9 FACT HE DID & CR$ITS HIM ) HAV+ HAD AS HIS REAL NAME ! PSEUDONYM - ,MIKHNI5KO - UND] :I* HE HAD DECL>$ HIMSELF ON HIS >RIVAL 9 ,FRANCE4 ,!SE MIX-UPS & RECRIM9ATIONS MI<T P]HAPS BE EXPLICABLE 9 T]MS ( ,VOL9E'S CIRCUM/ANCES AT ! TIME :5 HE WAS DRAFT+ MO/ ( !SE NOTES3 UND] ! ,G]MAN OCCUPATION1 9 ,M>SEILLES1 HE HAD EV]Y REASON TO FE> ! ,GE/APO & ! ,PETA9I/ ,MILICE & WELL KNEW ! RIGORS & DEPRIVATION ( CL&E/9E LIFE4 ,H[EV] IT SEEMS TO US ?AT ! KEY TO ! ANIMOSITY BETWE5 ! PAIR CAN BE TRAC$ TO ! CONTRA/ TO :I* WE REF]R$ E>LI] BETWE5 ! ACTIVI/ PEASANT & ! MORALIZ+ 9TELLECTUAL UNCONNECT$ ) SOCIAL PRACTICE4#a#a ,VOL9E APPE>S ALSO TO HAVE NURTUR$ RES5TM5T BECAUSE HE RECALL$ ?AT 9 ,B]L9 9 #a#i#b#e1 SEE+ ,MAKHNO AGA9 = ! FIR/ TIME 9 SEV]AL YE>S1 HE TOLD HIM ?AT 0,>%9OV1 AN 9TELLECTUAL & ,MAKHNO A PEASANT0 W]E A 0TEAM0 & ?AT !Y HAD TO REMA9 09SEP>ABLE40 ,MAKHNO SUPPOS$LY W\LD NOT LI/5 TO HIM#a#b & 0?REW IT ALL UP0 BY 0GETT+ MAYBE MORE DRUNK ?AN BE=E40 ,HIS WAS 0UND\BT$LY A NATURE ) ! TAL5TS ( A G5IUS1 CAPABLE ( ACTIVELY & DOGG$LY PURSU+ :ATEV] GOAL HE HAD SET HIMSELF1 A MAN :O HAD A M>VEL\S KN[-H[ & :O C\LD AT ! SAME TIME TOPPLE FROM SU* HEI<TS 9TO ! DEEPE/ DEP?S1 UNTIL HE TURN$ 9TO A 'HUMAN D]ELICT'7670 7,PAGE #g#e47 ,LIKEWISE1 9 ! ,UKRA9E HE HAD REFUS$ TO SUFF] HIS 0MORAL 9FLU5CE07PAGE #a#d#b7 PREF]R+ ?AT ( ! 0CAM>ILLA0 MADE UP ( A SECTION ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ COMM&]S4 ,= ALL HIS 0QUALITIES10 ,MAKHNO REMA9$1 AS F> AS ,VOL9E WAS CONC]N$1 0AN IGNORANT1 UNCULTIVAT$1 UN$UCAT$ FELL[0 7PAGE #f71 ESPECIALLY AS HE HAD AN 0AV]SION TO ANY?+ ?AT WAS NOT PEASANT4 ,BE+ HIMSELF #a P]C5T PEASANT1 HE WAS COMPLETELY FAMILI> ) PEASANT LIFE & 9CL9$ TO CRITICIZE ANYONE :O WAS NOT A PEASANT4 ,HE DID NOT HAVE MU* CONFID5CE 9 WORK]S BECAUSE ! WORK]1 ACCORD+ TO HIM1 HAD ALREADY BE5 SO TO SPEAK DEMORALIZ$ BY ! MAD1 BAD LIFE 9 ! T[NS & 9 9DU/RY :]E HE /OOD ALONGSIDE ! BOSSES4 ,HE HAD EV5 LESS CONFID5CE 9 9TELLECTUALS & POK$ FUN AT !M4 ,GIV5 ?AT1 IT WAS V]Y H>D TO TALK TO HIM AB\T ! FLAWS ( HIS ORGANIZATION BECAUSE HE RETORT$ ) ALL SORTS ( MOCK]Y ?AT LEFT Y\ NONPLUS$ & D5I$ Y\ EV]Y *ANCE ( SETTL+ MATT]S ONE WAY OR ANO!R40 7,PAGE #a#c#d47 ,ELSE:]E1 ,VOL9E M5TIONS !SE TRAITS ( ,MAKHNO'S *>ACT] EV5 MORE EXPLICITLY3 0BL9D CONFID5CE 9 ! PEASANTRY1 DI/RU/ ( ALL ! O!R CLASSES ( SOCIETY3 A C]TA9 CONTEMPT = 9TELLECTUALS1 EV5 AN>*I/ ONES40 7,PAGE #d#i47 

,?IS IS ! NUB ( ! MATT] & ! SPOT :]E ! KNIFE W5T 9TO ,VOL9E6 ,AS A 0MORALLY IRREPROA*ABLE0 9TELLECTUAL1 HE HAD HI< HOPES ( ACT+ AS A KEEP] ( CONSCI5CE1 9 ORD] TO /E] IT ALONG ! 0RI<T ROAD40 ,9/EAD ( :I* ,MAKHNO HAD REFUS$ HIS ADVICE1 P]HAPS MOCK+LY1 9 ORD] TO FALL BACK UPON HIS BASE 9/9CTS AS A 0MUZHIK06 ,AS IF TO CONFIRM ?IS1 :IL/ 9 EXILE 9 ,P>IS1 ,VOL9E ONE DAY LABEL$ HIM A MUZHIK 7:I* MU/ HAVE BE5 AN 9SULT EQUIVAL5T 9 HIS EYES TO 0IGNORANT BRUTE0 OR SOME SU*7 & AN AN>*I/ HONOR BO>D HAD TO BE ASSEMBL$ TO SMOO? OV] ! FALL+ \T4#a#c 

,9 FACT1 \T ( ! #bcf H&-WRITT5 PAGES SUPPOS$LY DEAL+ ) ,MAKHNO1 ONLY A V]Y FEW RELATE DIRECTLY TO ! SUBJECT1 MO/ BE+ GIV5 OV] TO ALL MANN] ( DIGRESSIONS4 ,TO BACK UP HIS CRITICISMS1 ,VOL9E CITES SOME SPECIFIC 9/ANCES 9 :I* HE WAS AN EYE-WITNESS OR A PROTAGONI/3 ! REMA9D] IS ONLY IMPRESSIONS1 HE>SAY EVID5CE & 9CONSEQU5TIAL CONFID5CES FROM ,MAKHNO'S WIFE1 :I* SEEMS LITTLE V]Y SLI<T BASIS = ! GRAVITY ( ! *>GES HE BR+S4 ,IT /RIKES US AS OBVI\S !N ?AT ! CR$5CE TO BE PLAC$ 9 !SE %\LD BE MEASUR$ ALONGSIDE ! DEGREE ( 5MITY ?AT HE BORE ,MAKHNO4 ,HE W\LD HAVE BE5 BETT] ADVIS$ TO DESCRIBE 9 DETAIL1 NOT JU/ A FEW EPISODES1 BUT ! 5TIRETY ( HIS TIME ) ! ,MAKHNOVI/ 9SURG5TS1 UNLESS HE SP5T ?AT TIME 0CLOI/]$0 9 HIS CULTURAL ACTIVITIES & DELIB]ATELY AVOID$ M+L+ ) ! 0MUZHIKS0 & SPEAK+ DIRECTLY & P]T95TLY TO !M1 )\T HAV+ TO RELY UPON SECONDH& 9=MATION4 ,HE C\LD ALSO HAVE REVIEW$ ! CIRCUM/ANCES ?AT PREFAC$ HIS >RIVAL 9 ! 9SURG5T CAMP3 IT WAS ,MAKHNO 9 P]SON :O DISPAT*$ A DETA*M5T TO RESCUE HIM FROM ! CLUT*ES ( ! ,PETLIURI/ P>TISANS4 ,IT WAS ALSO AT ! SUGGE/ION & 9/IGATION ( ,MAKHNO ?AT HE WAS APPO9T$ *AIRMAN ( ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,MILIT>Y ,SOVIET ( ! 9SURG5T MOVEM5T = SEV]AL MON?S1 & AGA9 ,MAKHNO :O MADE HIS RELEASE ONE ( ! CONDITIONS UPON ! IMPLEM5TATION ( ! MILIT>Y & POLITICAL TREATY AGRE$ ) ! ,BOL%EVIKS 9 #a#i#b4 ,HE ALSO OMITS TO M5TION ! 0DEPOSITION0 HE MADE BE=E A ,*EKI/ 9VE/IGAT+ MAGI/RATE1 A 0DEPOSITION0 CRITICAL1 TO SAY ! LEA/1 ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/S1 = SOVIET HI/ORIANS HAVE S9CE US$ IT TO DISCR$IT !M4#a#d 

,9 SUB/ANCE1 ALL ( !SE R&OM JOTT+S1 AWA% ) SWEEP+ G5]ALIZATIONS1 /RIKE US AS REVEAL+ MORE AB\T ! AU?OR'S P]SONALITY ?AN AB\T ,MAKHNO'S3 :I* IS PROBABLY :Y !Y HAVE REMA9$ UNPUBLI%$ ?US F>4 ,H[EV]1 DESPITE !IR OBVI\S EXAGG]ATIONS1 !SE TEXTS DES]VE TO BE BETT] KN[N1 AS C]TA9 PASSAGES FROM !M >E ( DEF9ITE VALUE = ! P]IOD4 ,AS = ,MAKHNO'S 0TRUE0 P]SONALITY1 ?AT EM]GES SUFFICI5TLY FROM ALL HIS WRIT+S - MEMOIRS & >TICLES ALIKE - = US TO AVOID REF]5CE TO ! AN>*I/ 0RUMOR MILL0 9 SE>* ( FUR!R 0S5SATIONAL0 DISCLOSURES4 

,9 ! CONTEXT ( ?IS BIBLIOGRAPHICAL UPDATE1 LET US NOTE ! ORAL TE/IMONY ( ! HI/ORIAN ,OLEG ,KO%*UK1 :O IS ( ,UKRA9IAN EXTRACTION4 ,HIS MO!R WAS 9T]N$ 9 ,POL& 9 ! SAME CAMP AS ,MAKHNO & REMEMB]S ?AT C]TA9 ,PETLIURI/S WANT$ TO ATTEMPT ! LIB]T>IAN'S LIFE1 PROBABLY REMEMB]+ SOME SKIRMI% ?AT W5T AGA9/ !M4 ,AT :I* PO9T1 IT WAS 9TIMAT$ TO !M BY HI<LY PLAC$ NATIONALI/ LEAD]S ?AT ANY MOVE AGA9/ ,MAKHNO W\LD BE CON/RU$ AS AN ACT ( HO/ILITY T[>DS ! ,UKRA9IAN CAUSE4 ,DESPITE !IR POLITICAL DIFF]5CES1 E?NIC SOLID>ITY CAME 9TO PLAY H]E TO UNITE ,UKRA9IANS FROM BO? BANKS ( ! RIV] ,DNIEPR4 

,N,O,T,E,S 

#a4 ,DYELO ,TRUDA ,FEBRU>Y-,M>* #a#i#b#h1 ,NO4 #c#c-#c#d1 PP4 #g-#i4  

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#d4 ,DYELO ,TRUDA ,JULY-,AUGU/ #a#i#b#g1 ,NO4 #a-#a#b4 

#e4 ,P4 ,LITV9OV ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO ET LA QUE/ION JUIVE #ba TYPEWRITT5 PAGES DAT$ #ah ,JUNE #a#i#h#b1 ,MOSC[4 ,?IS TEXT HAS BE5 PUBLI%$ BY ! MAGAZ9E ,VREMYA I MY 7,TIME & ,US7 9 ,ISRAEL1 ,NO4 #a#g1 #a#i#h#c4  

#f4 ,A ,REVI/A ,AN>*ICA1 #h ,NOVEMB] #a#i#h#c1 ,MILAN 7,ITALY74 

#g4 ,A #a#f-PAGE MANUSCRIPT4  

#h4 ,IDA ,METT1 ,S\V5IRS SUR ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO1 ,P>IS #a#i#h#c1 PP4 #b#e-#b#f4  

#i4 ,LETT] TO ! AU?OR1 #bg ,DECEMB] #a#i#h#b4  

#a4 ,ADDRESS3 #e RUE ,CAPLAT1 #geah ,P>IS4 

#a#a4 ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO1 LE COSAQU DE L',AN>*IE PP4 #c#b#c-#c#b#f & #c#e#h-#c#f  

#a#b4 ,P]HAPS HE DID NOT AGREE ) ! DEF9ITION ( ?IS AN>*I/ 0HOLY TR9ITY80  

#a#c4 ,M9UTES ( ! MEET+ CAN BE F\ND 9 ! PAP]S ( ,R5E ,FU*S4 ,SEE ,>*IVES ,JEAN ,MAITRON4  

#a#d4 ,NOT ?AT ?IS /OPP$ !M FROM UPBRAID+ HIM AS WELL3 ! MO/ REC5T ONE1 ,SEMANOV1 EV5 ALLEGES1 APROPOS HIS 0$IT+0 ( ,MAKHNO'S ,MEMOIRS1 ?AT HE 0WAS A P>ASITE0 ON ,MAKHNO4 ,S4,N4 ,SEMANOV 0,! ,MAKHNOV%*9A & ITS COLLAPSE0 9 ,VOPROSY ,I/ORII 7,QUE/IONS ( ,HI/ORY7 ,MOSC[1 #a#i#f#f1 ,NO4 #i1 P4 #eb 7NOTE #h#a74 ,LET US PO9T \T ALSO A LITTLE KN[N SOME?+3 ,VOL9E'S BRO!R1 ,BORIS ,EI*5BAUM 7#a#h#h#f-#a#i#e#i7 WAS ! !ORETICIAN ( ! 0=MALI/0 S*OOL1 & LAT] AN IMPORTANT LIT]>Y CRITIC UND] ! ,/AL9 REGIME4 

O ,BIBLIOGRAPHIC ,9=MATION 
,! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! /ATE & O!R ESSAYS  

BY ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO2  

$IT$ BY ,ALEX&RE ,SIRDA 

TRANSLAT$ BY ,PAUL ,%>KEY 

7,C7 ,COPYRI<T3 #aiif ,ALEX&RE ,SKIRDA 

,LIBR>Y ( ,CONGRESS ,CATALOG+-9-,PUBLICATION ,DATA 

,MAKHNO1 ,NE/OR ,IVANOVI*4 #a#h#h#i-#a#i#c#d4 
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 ,! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! /ATE & O!R ESSAYS _/ BY ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO 2 $IT$ BY ,ALEX&RE ,SIRDA4 
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